Arctic Transportation Challenges and Emergency Preparedness. Region Dr. Nataliya Marchenko

The University Centre in Svalbard, , Arctic Technology Department

28.01. 2016 1 Outline Shipping in the Svalbard Area. Who, why, when and how?. • Svalbard Area as a model for the future development? Ship accidents in the Svalbard Area Risk analysis Maritime preparedness

N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 28.01. 2016 2 MARPART project 2014–2016 Maritime Preparedness and International Partnership in the High North www.marpart.no

N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 28.01. 2016 3 The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS) - The northernmost university

• Gate to the Polar Ocean • Area with increased strategic significance • Well suited to observe climate change… • Use nature as laboratory • Investigation of Sea Ice properties. Full scale experiments

UNIS

28.01. 2016 N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers4-16 Marine Traffic. 27 January 2016

http://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/home/centerx:24/centery:71/zoom:3 28.01. 2016 N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 5 Ship traffic in Svalbard Area Passenger-blue lines; Fishing vessels – yellow line Spring Summer Autumn Winter

General Cargo – blue lines, Bulk ships – orange, Tankers (Chemical product and oil) – red reefers – green and other activities in white

http://www.arkgis.org/ 28.01. 2016 N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 6 Shipping in Svalbard area

4 main group vessels: 1) Tourist, 2) Cargo, 3) Research, 4) Fishing.

Ship traffic has Increased in recent years as a result of increased cruise traffic. Ship traffic has large seasonal variation. For example, from January to May - 10 -20 fishing vessel. From June to August there are approximately 30-40 vessels. From September to December there are approximately 50-60 vessels. Tourist season starts in May with about 2 ships. In July-August there are 15 to 30 ships, in September - around 10, and 2-4 ships at the end of the season until October .. http://www.portlongyear.no/sites/p/portlongyear.no/files/e52bbc5f891653fa5c527 d9594aeaf22.pdf

N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 7 28.01. 2016 3 types of tourist ship/cruises

Overseas 1000-3800 pax

Expedition – 10-200 pax Day excursion– 20-60 pax.

http://www.kystverket.no/PageFiles/1706/Risk%20assessment%20regarding%20 piloting%20service%20or%20pilot%20exemption%20certificate%20on%20Svalba rd.pdf N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 8 28.01.2016 Maritime accidents in Svalbard area

http://www.kystverket.no/PageFiles/1706/Risk%20assessment%20regarding%20 piloting%20service%20or%20pilot%20exemption%20certificate%20on%20Svalb ard.pdf

28.01. 2016 N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 9 Distribution of types of registered incidents with different vessel types in the area around Svalbard, Jan Mayen and in the period 1981-2008

http://www.kystverket.no/PageFiles/1706 (Note: The category cruise ship includes expedition cruises) 28.01. 2016 N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 10 Ship Accidents in Svalbard area

220 km

430 km

28.01. 2016 11 N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 1. Greenland Sea. 20.06.1989

23.05 – Maksim Gorkiy collided with the ice. A crucial maneuver resulted in a 10 m long rip in the hull in addition to some smaller rips in the bow 00.05 – Maxim Gorky’s Captain sent an emergency message on the distress frequency 500 kHz requesting assistance At 00.40 on the 20th of June 1989, the Captain on board the Norwegian Coast Guard vessel KV Senja received a message from Svalbard radio that a vessel positioned 60 nm West of Isfjorden required assistance

28.01. 2016 12 N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 Vessel in distress

575 passengers (73 quiet old and infirm) , 378 crew members.

Photo by Odd Mydland http://www.sintef.no/upload/Konsern/Media/SINTEF- seminar%20foredrag/Foredrag%20Sigurd%20Kleiven%205 %20nov%202012.pdf

28.01. 2016 N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 13 Help comming

The Senja reached the area at 4:20 a.m., about five hours after the accident, and all the passengers were picked up within three hours. Ice field – 1,5 nm wide, 1 m thick Photos by Odd Mydland http://www.sintef.no/upload/Konsern/Media/SINTEF- seminar%20foredrag/Foredrag%20Sigurd%20Kleiven%205%20nov%202012.pd f

28.01. 2016 N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 14 Rescue

Photos by Odd Mydland http://www.sintef.no/upload/Konsern/Media/SINTEF- seminar%20foredrag/Foredrag%20Sigurd%20Kleiven% 205%20nov%202012.pdf

28.01. 2016 N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 15 On the board of Senja

Photos by Odd Mydland http://www.sintef.no/upload/Konsern/Media/SINTEF- seminar%20foredrag/Foredrag%20Sigurd%20Kleiven%20 5%20nov%202012.pdf

N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 16 28.01. 2016 July 1997, the cruise liner "Hanseatic" grounded in Murchison Bay "The Coast Guard had to evacuate all passengers (145) and empty cruise ship before one could lug it."

220 km

28.01. 2016 N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 17 Expedition ship Aleksey Maryshev. 2007. Hornsund

On 8 August 2009, the Russian tourist boat Aleksey Maryshev went near a calving glacier in Hornsund. There were 23 British tourists on board. During calving, the boat violently lurched and ice and seawater were thrown over those who were on board. Eight of the tourists were injured, and six who were rather seriously injured were sent to the University Hospital of North Norway for medical care. The Tourist boat was chartered by Oceanwide Expeditions and lay 32 to 36 feet away when the glacier calved. The reported cause of the accident was a navigation mistake, as the captain approached the glacier too closely.

28.01. 2016 N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 18 Prawn trawler Remøy. 2009. Moffen Island

On 15 January 2009, the Norwegian trawler Remøy had been captured by ice between Moffen Island and Mosselhalvøya, and developed a problem with propeller wings. K/V Svalbard had to fight her way through densely packed, 1 meter thick ice to bring out the trawler. While waiting for help, the trawler was tightened and drifted with the ice to Mosselhalvøya (Stav, 2009). K/V Svalbard had to struggle several times into very densely pack ice to get through to the trawler. Heavy snow on the ice caused much friction against the boat. Luckily, the trawler had not received other injuries while it stood firm in the ice

N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 28.01. 2016 19 Cargo vessel (refrigerator) Petrozavodsk. 2009. Bear Island

On the foggy morning of 11 May 2009, the Russian vessel Petrozavodsk ran aground, right in the middle of the breeding area of large colonies of sea birds at the south point of Bjørnøya. The crew had been evacuated by Norwegian helicopter and delivered to Hammerfest. Four Russian fishing vessels, Norwegian K/V Svalbard and 2 helicopters participated in the rescue operation. There were no large leakages, but dead and injured seabirds were found in the water around the vessel. The birds had probably been soiled by diesel or oil that had leaked from the damaged ship. (Pettersen, 2009)

28.01. 2016 N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 20 RISK ASSESMENT Tourist/Cruise Cargo/tanker/petroleum Fishing ship Rigs/floaters Grounding T-G C-G F-G Damage due to collision (sea ice T-I C-I F-I and other) Fire T-F C-F F-F red area - high risk, Violence/terror T-V C-V F-V Other reasons T-O C-O F-O yellow – modern, Risk Matrix. Svalbard area green – low. Consequences for environment

Consequences for people(passengers, crew)

N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 21 Svalbard Area Maritime preparedness

N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 28.01. 2016 22 Svalbard. Available resources

28.01. 2016 N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 23 Arctic Survival Kit against hypothermia

Part of Longyearbyen Red Cross (LRC) emergency equipment

• Field Hospital – 1 Surgery room – 4 Care Units capacity 100 people • Emergency Response Unit – Tents 150 people – 30 bags, containing Arctic Survival gear, capacity 240 people – Total capacity 400 people

24 Arctic Survival Kit 30 bags, each bag containing equipment for 8 Survivors 1 Waterproof bag with the following gear : • 4 Jervenbags kings size Thermo extreme. An Arctic lifesaver • 2 Sleeping pads • 8 Bottles of water • 8 Heatpack • 1 Readyheat heatblanket • 1 Samsplint First-Aid Pillow

25 Dornier

P-3 Orion

4 2 h h

Norwegian C-130 Hercules

26 The Svalbard Exercise 3-6 November 2014

05.00 “esplosion”

06:12 First helicopter came. About 80 "injured" people on shore, "KV Svalbard" and helicopter in background

http://www.stefanclaes.com/2014/HTML/1 1/a.htm cooperative exercise the Norwegian Directorate of Health, health administration, institutions in Northern Norway,

The hospital in Longyearbyen, the Governor on Svalbard, Longyearbyen municipality and other local institutions and organizations.

N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 28.01. 2016 27 The Svalbard Exercise 3-6 November 2014

http://www.stefanclaes.com/2014/HTML/11/a.htm

28.01. 2016 N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 28 The Svalbard Exercise 3-6 November 2014

12. 30 daylight is back and last people getting pickup with the "Super Puma" 13:00 All were evacuated by help of 12 helicopter flights , 160 persons involved in rescue operation on place and 598 totally

http://www.stefanclaes.com/2014/HTML/11/a.htm

28.01. 2016 N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 29 Acknowlegement

MARPART project

Colleagues at UNIS

Thank you for your attention

N. Marchenko_Arctic Frontiers-16 28.01. 2016 30