The Future of the U.S. Military Ten Years After 9/11 and the Consequences of Defense Sequestration
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112TH CONGRESS " ! NO. 3 1st Session COMMITTEE PRINT THE FUTURE OF THE U.S. MILITARY TEN YEARS AFTER 9/11 AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF DEFENSE SEQUESTRATION PREPARED FOR THE USE OF THE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES NOVEMBER 2011 Printed for the use of the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives 1 112TH CONGRESS " ! NO. 3 1st Session COMMITTEE PRINT THE FUTURE OF THE U.S. MILITARY TEN YEARS AFTER 9/11 AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF DEFENSE SEQUESTRATION PREPARED FOR THE USE OF THE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES NOVEMBER 2011 Printed for the use of the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 71–102 WASHINGTON : 2011 HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS HOWARD P. ‘‘BUCK’’ MCKEON, California, Chairman ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland ADAM SMITH, Washington MAC THORNBERRY, Texas SILVESTRE REYES, Texas WALTER B. JONES, North Carolina LORETTA SANCHEZ, California W. TODD AKIN, Missouri MIKE MCINTYRE, North Carolina J. RANDY FORBES, Virginia ROBERT A. BRADY, Pennsylvania JEFF MILLER, Florida ROBERT ANDREWS, New Jersey JOE WILSON, South Carolina SUSAN A. DAVIS, California FRANK A. LOBIONDO, New Jersey JAMES R. LANGEVIN, Rhode Island MICHAEL TURNER, Ohio RICK LARSEN, Washington JOHN KLINE, Minnesota JIM COOPER, Tennessee MIKE ROGERS, Alabama MADELEINE Z. BORDALLO, Guam TRENT FRANKS, Arizona JOE COURTNEY, Connecticut BILL SHUSTER, Pennsylvania DAVE LOEBSACK, Iowa K. MICHAEL CONAWAY, Texas GABRIELLE GIFFORDS, Arizona DOUG LAMBORN, Colorado NIKI TSONGAS, Massachusetts ROB WITTMAN, Virginia CHELLIE PINGREE, Maine DUNCAN HUNTER, California LARRY KISSELL, North Carolina JOHN C. FLEMING, M.D., Louisiana MARTIN HEINRICH, New Mexico MIKE COFFMAN, Colorado BILL OWENS, New York TOM ROONEY, Florida JOHN R. GARAMENDI, California TODD RUSSELL PLATTS, Pennsylvania MARK S. CRITZ, Pennsylvania SCOTT RIGELL, Virginia TIM RYAN, Ohio CHRIS GIBSON, New York C.A. DUTCH RUPPERSBERGER, Maryland VICKY HARTZLER, Missouri HANK JOHNSON, Georgia JOE HECK, Nevada BETTY SUTTON, Ohio BOBBY SCHILLING, Illinois COLLEEN HANABUSA, Hawaii JON RUNYAN, New Jersey KATHLEEN C. HOCHUL, New York AUSTIN SCOTT, Georgia TIM GRIFFIN, Arkansas STEVEN PALAZZO, Mississippi ALLEN B. WEST, Florida MARTHA ROBY, Alabama MO BROOKS, Alabama TODD YOUNG, Indiana ROBERT L. SIMMONS II, Staff Director (ii) C O N T E N T S Page NOTE FROM THE CHAIRMAN ..................................................................................... v THE FUTURE OF NATIONAL DEFENSE AND THE U.S. MILITARY TEN YEARS AFTER 9/11: PERSPECTIVES FROM FORMER CHAIRMEN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF, SEPTEMBER 8, 2011 ............................................................................. 1 General Richard B. Myers, USAF, Retired .................................................... 5 General Peter Pace, USMC, Retired ............................................................... 7 Admiral Edmund P. Giambastiani, Jr., USN, Retired .................................. 9 THE FUTURE OF NATIONAL DEFENSE AND THE U.S. MILITARY TEN YEARS AFTER 9/11: PERSPECTIVES FROM OUTSIDE EXPERTS, SEPTEMBER 13, 2011 .... 15 Mr. Jim Thomas ............................................................................................... 19 Dr. Michael E. O’Hanlon .................................................................................. 28 Mr. Thomas Donnelly ....................................................................................... 33 Mr. Max Boot .................................................................................................... 39 THE FUTURE OF NATIONAL DEFENSE AND THE U.S. MILITARY TEN YEARS AFTER 9/11: PERSPECTIVES FROM FORMER SERVICE CHIEFS AND VICE CHIEFS, OCTOBER 4, 2011 .................................................................................... 45 General John P. Jumper, USAF, Retired ....................................................... 49 General Richard A. Cody, USA, Retired ......................................................... 52 Lieutenant General H. Steven Blum, USA, Retired ...................................... 54 THE FUTURE OF NATIONAL DEFENSE AND THE U.S. MILITARY TEN YEARS AFTER 9/11: PERSPECTIVES OF FORMER CHAIRMEN OF THE COMMITTEES ON ARMED SERVICES, OCTOBER 12, 2011 .................................................................. 57 The Honorable John W. Warner ..................................................................... 61 The Honorable Duncan L. Hunter .................................................................. 63 The Honorable Ike Skelton .............................................................................. 66 THE FUTURE OF NATIONAL DEFENSE AND THE U.S. MILITARY TEN YEARS AFTER 9/11: PERSPECTIVES OF SECRETARY OF DEFENSE LEON PANETTA AND CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF, GENERAL MARTIN DEMPSEY, OCTOBER 13, 2011 ................................................................................................ 69 The Honorable Leon E. Panetta ...................................................................... 73 General Martin E. Dempsey, USA .................................................................. 76 ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF DEFENSE SEQUESTRATION, OCTOBER 26, 2011 .... 79 Dr. Martin Feldstein ........................................................................................ 83 Dr. Stephen Fuller ............................................................................................ 87 Dr. Peter Morici ................................................................................................ 92 THE FUTURE OF THE MILITARY SERVICES AND CONSEQUENCES OF DEFENSE SEQUESTRATION, NOVEMBER 2, 2011 ................................................................... 99 General Raymond T. Odierno, USA ................................................................ 103 Admiral Jonathan W. Greenert, USN ............................................................ 105 General Norton A. Schwartz, USAF ............................................................... 108 General James F. Amos, USMC ...................................................................... 111 ADDITIONAL VIEWS ................................................................................................... 121 Additional Views ............................................................................................... 123 Additional Views of Representative Roscoe G. Bartlett ................................ 125 Additional Views of Representative Robert E. Andrews ............................... 128 Additional Views of Representative Niki Tsongas ......................................... 130 Additional Views of Representative John R. Garamendi .............................. 132 Additional Views of Representative Hank Johnson ....................................... 159 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................ 161 (iii) NOTE FROM THE CHAIRMAN As our Nation marked the 10-year anniversary of the September 11, 2001, attacks on our country, the Committee on Armed Services embarked on a series of hearings to commemorate that day and re- flect on the lessons learned from this generational struggle. We sought to remember the lives lost and to honor the sacrifices made every day by our military and their families—as our Armed Forces have taken the fight to the enemy to ensure our continued safety at home. Yet, we were also keenly aware that the current debate in Con- gress regarding the national deficit has significant implications for the military. As our service men and women return home from multiple tours in Iraq and Afghanistan, they find a military with an uncertain future: Will our country sustain a force that continues to project power, deter aggression, defend the homeland and will we keep faith with veterans? These are questions that came into high relief when the President proposed $400 billion in cuts to na- tional defense in April 2011 and Congress passed the Budget Con- trol Act of 2011 (BCA) on August 2, 2011. Therefore, the committee also sought to examine the future of the U.S. military, the con- sequences of further cuts in defense spending, and the enduring strategic implications of decisions political leaders will soon make about the future of our force and the strategic direction of the Na- tion’s defense. At the decade mark, our Nation finds itself at a strategic junc- ture—Osama bin Laden is dead; Al Qaeda is severely weakened as a global terror network, far less capable, but still functioning; the Taliban has lost strategic momentum in Afghanistan; key Al Qaeda propagandist Anwar Al-Awlaki has been killed in Yemen; and Iraq is an emerging democracy. We are winning this war; but just when our strategic goals are within reach, some would choose to cut mili- tary capabilities vital to this critical fight. Unfortunately, with our hard-won tactical success comes the danger of complacency. Faced with serious economic challenges, too many Americans are slipping back into the September 10th, 2001, mentality that presumes a solid defense can be dictated by budget choices, not the hard reality of our vital national interests and national security strategy. As Members of Congress, we will each be responsible for the votes we cast to balance the Federal budget and rein in the Federal deficit. Hard choices will have to be made among many Federal programs and priorities. But as Chairman of the Committee on Armed Serv- ices, I fervently believe