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A Case for Empathy: Immigration in Spanish Contemporary Media, Music, Film, and Novels

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A Case for Empathy: Immigration in Spanish Contemporary Media, Music, Film, and Novels University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies Hispanic Studies 2017 A CASE FOR EMPATHY: IMMIGRATION IN SPANISH CONTEMPORARY MEDIA, MUSIC, FILM, AND NOVELS Constantin C. Icleanu University of Kentucky, [email protected] Author ORCID Identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9799-2450 Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/ETD.2017.279 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Icleanu, Constantin C., "A CASE FOR EMPATHY: IMMIGRATION IN SPANISH CONTEMPORARY MEDIA, MUSIC, FILM, AND NOVELS" (2017). Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies. 33. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/hisp_etds/33 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Hispanic Studies at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless an embargo applies. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of my work. I understand that I am free to register the copyright to my work. REVIEW, APPROVAL AND ACCEPTANCE The document mentioned above has been reviewed and accepted by the student’s advisor, on behalf of the advisory committee, and by the Director of Graduate Studies (DGS), on behalf of the program; we verify that this is the final, approved version of the student’s thesis including all changes required by the advisory committee. The undersigned agree to abide by the statements above. Constantin C. Icleanu, Student Dr. Ana Rueda, Major Professor Dr. Carmen Moreno-Nuño, Director of Graduate Studies A CASE FOR EMPATHY: IMMIGRATION IN SPANISH CONTEMPORARTY MEDIA, MUSIC, FILM, AND NOVELS ____________________________________ DISSERTATION ____________________________________ A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Kentucky By Constantin C. Icleanu Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. Ana Rueda, Professor of Spanish Literature Lexington, Kentucky 2017 Copyright © Constantin C. Icleanu 2017 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION A CASE FOR EMPATHY: IMMIGRATION IN SPANISH CONTEMPORARTY MEDIA, MUSIC, FILM, AND NOVELS This dissertation analyzes the representations of immigrants from North Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe in Spain. As engaged scholarship, it seeks to better the portrayal of immigrants in the mass media through the study of literature, film, and music about immigration spanning from the year 2000 to 2016. Because misconceptions continue to propagate in the media, this dissertation works to counteract anti-immigrant, xenophobic representations as well as balance out overly positive and orientalized portrayal of immigrants with a call to recognize immigrants as human beings who deserve the same respect, dignity, and rights as any other citizen. Chapter 1 examines and analyzes the background to immigration in Spain by covering demographics, the mass media, and political theories related to immigration. Chapter 2 analyzes Spanish music about immigration through Richard Rorty’s social theory of ‘sentimental education’ as a meaningful way to redescribe marginalized minorities as full persons worthy of rights and dignity. Chapter 3 investigates the representation of immigrants in Spanish filmic shorts and cinema. Lastly, Chapter 4 demonstrates how literary portrayals of immigrants written by undocumented immigrants can give rise to strong characters that avoid victimization and rear empathy in their readers in order to affect a social change that minimizes cruelty. KEYWORDS: Immigration, Spain, Immigration Law, Empathy, Media, Social Change Constantin C. Icleanu March 9, 2017 Date A CASE FOR EMPATHY: IMMIGRATION IN SPANISH CONTEMPORARTY MEDIA, MUSIC, FILM, AND NOVELS By Constantin C. Icleanu ______Dr. Ana Rueda Director of Dissertation _Dr. Carmen Moreno-Nuño Director of Graduate Studies _______April 6, 2017 I dedicate this work to Heidi Icleanu, my beautiful wife who relentlessly supported me through the making and editing of this dissertation. You are someone great! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project could not have been completed were it not for the dedication of my dissertation director, Dr. Ana Rueda. She has been a true example of patience, professionalism, and academic excellence. Thank you for encouraging me to continue and for your constructive feedback. Furthermore, I would like to show my appreciation for the members of my dissertation committee, Dr. Carmen Moreno-Nuño, Dr. Enrico Mario Santí, and Dr. Michael Trask. Thank you for your invaluable contributions to my learning and for your guidance. Additionally, I would like to thank my parents for their continual support and for the education I received in my formative years. Lastly, I would like to thank my children, Merayla, Oliver, Emory, and Andrei for your love, smiles, and hugs. III TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................III Introduction .........................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1: Immigration Issues in the Mass Media, the Spanish Immigration Law, and Political Theory ...................................................................................................5 Shifting Demographics and the Spanish Immigration Law ....................................9 Mass Media Portrayals of Immigration and Immigrants ......................................31 A Literary Response to the Spanish Immigration Law and Mass Media .............45 Political Theories of Justice and Social Theories for Immigration .......................54 Chapter 2: ‘Sentimental Education’ as a Counterbalance to Hate Speech and Xenophobia in Spanish Music about Immigration .....................................................70 Music as a Form of Hate Speech against Immigrants ........................................... 71 A ‘Sentimental Education’: Diminishing Cruelty through Empathy and Compassion .......................................................................81 Music against Injustice and Discrimination ..........................................................99 The Militant Category .............................................................................100 The Empathetic Category .......................................................................109 The Dissonant Category ..........................................................................120 Chapter 3: Cognitive Dissonance and Spanish Immigration Films ................................125 The Problems of Representation in Short Films about Immigration ..................138 Immigrant Representation in Spanish Feature Films ..........................................166 Xenophobia and Cruelty as the Norm .....................................................168 Toward Friendship and Understanding ...................................................180 An Inconsiderate Approach: Orientalizing and Eroticizing Immigrants ...............................................189 Chapter 4: There are No Innocent Discourses: Immigrant Perspectives on Immigration .........................................................................203 Sergio Galarza’s Troubling Interethnic Critique in Paseador de perros .............................................................................................212 Diario de un ilegal: Humanizing Stereotypes through Responsibility and Empathy ...............................................................................238 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................267 IV Bibliography ...................................................................................................................271 Appendices ......................................................................................................................293 Appendix 1: Music and Immigration ..................................................................293 Song 1: “Me cago en estos putos rumanos” ............................................293 Song 2: “Facha vs. Moro” .......................................................................294 Song 3: “Negros de mierda” ...................................................................295 Song 4: “La Nueva España” ...................................................................296 Song
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