Where Do Clouds Form When There Is a Warm Front
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WHAT IS METEOROLOGY? Meteorology Is the Science of Weather
WHAT IS METEOROLOGY? Meteorology is the science of weather. It is essentially an inter-disciplinary science because the atmosphere, land and ocean constitute an integrated system. The three basic aspects of meteorology are observation, understanding and prediction of weather. There are many kinds of routine meteorological observations. Some of them are made with simple instruments like the thermometer for measuring temperature or the anemometer for recording wind speed. The observing techniques have become increasingly complex in recent years and satellites have now made it possible to monitor the weather globally. Countries around the world exchange the weather observations through fast telecommunications channels. These are plotted on weather charts and analysed by professional meteorologists at forecasting centres. Weather forecasts are then made with the help of modern computers and supercomputers. Weather information and forecasts are of vital importance to many activities like agriculture, aviation, shipping, fisheries, tourism, defence, industrial projects, water management and disaster mitigation. Recent advances in satellite and computer technology have led to significant progress in meteorology. Our knowledge of the weather is, however, still incomplete. WHAT IS SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY? Weather observations, taken on the ground or on ships, and in the upper atmosphere with the help of balloon soundings, represent the state of the atmosphere at a given time. When the data are plotted on a weather map, we get a synoptic view of the worlds weather. Hence day-to-day analysis and forecasting of weather has come to be known as synoptic meteorology. It is the study of the movement of low pressure areas, air masses, fronts, and other weather systems like depressions and tropical cyclones. -
Weather Forecasting and to the Measuring Weather Data, Instruments, and Science That Make Forecasting Accurate
Delta Science Reader WWeathereather ForecastingForecasting Delta Science Readers are nonfiction student books that provide science background and support the experiences of hands-on activities. Every Delta Science Reader has three main sections: Think About . , People in Science, and Did You Know? Be sure to preview the reader Overview Chart on page 4, the reader itself, and the teaching suggestions on the following pages. This information will help you determine how to plan your schedule for reader selections and activity sessions. Reading for information is a key literacy skill. Use the following ideas as appropriate for your teaching style and the needs of your students. The After Reading section includes an assessment and writing links. VERVIEW Students will O understand the main factors that cause The Delta Science Reader Weather weather and produce weather changes Forecasting introduces students to the learn about the various instruments for world of weather forecasting and to the measuring weather data, instruments, and science that make forecasting accurate. Students will explore identify some of the elements of severe the six main weather factors—temperature, weather, and distinguish between weather air pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, and climate and cloudiness—as well as discover the discuss the function of nonfiction text difference between weather and climate. elements such as the table of contents, The book also contains a biographical headings, tables, captions, and glossary sketch of tornado expert Tetsuya Theodore Fujita and information about two other kinds interpret photographs and graphics— of weather scientists: climatologists and diagrams, illustrations, weather maps— hurricane hunters. Students will find out to answer questions how a weather satellite works and how complete a KWL chart to track new different types of winds get their names. -
Weather Charts Natural History Museum of Utah – Nature Unleashed Stefan Brems
Weather Charts Natural History Museum of Utah – Nature Unleashed Stefan Brems Across the world, many different charts of different formats are used by different governments. These charts can be anything from a simple prognostic chart, used to convey weather forecasts in a simple to read visual manner to the much more complex Wind and Temperature charts used by meteorologists and pilots to determine current and forecast weather conditions at high altitudes. When used properly these charts can be the key to accurately determining the weather conditions in the near future. This Write-Up will provide a brief introduction to several common types of charts. Prognostic Charts To the untrained eye, this chart looks like a strange piece of modern art that an angry mathematician scribbled numbers on. However, this chart is an extremely important resource when evaluating the movement of weather fronts and pressure areas. Fronts Depicted on the chart are weather front combined into four categories; Warm Fronts, Cold Fronts, Stationary Fronts and Occluded Fronts. Warm fronts are depicted by red line with red semi-circles covering one edge. The front movement is indicated by the direction the semi- circles are pointing. The front follows the Semi-Circles. Since the example above has the semi-circles on the top, the front would be indicated as moving up. Cold fronts are depicted as a blue line with blue triangles along one side. Like warm fronts, the direction in which the blue triangles are pointing dictates the direction of the cold front. Stationary fronts are frontal systems which have stalled and are no longer moving. -
Weather Fronts
Weather Fronts Dana Desonie, Ph.D. Say Thanks to the Authors Click http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (No sign in required) AUTHOR Dana Desonie, Ph.D. To access a customizable version of this book, as well as other interactive content, visit www.ck12.org CK-12 Foundation is a non-profit organization with a mission to reduce the cost of textbook materials for the K-12 market both in the U.S. and worldwide. Using an open-source, collaborative, and web-based compilation model, CK-12 pioneers and promotes the creation and distribution of high-quality, adaptive online textbooks that can be mixed, modified and printed (i.e., the FlexBook® textbooks). Copyright © 2015 CK-12 Foundation, www.ck12.org The names “CK-12” and “CK12” and associated logos and the terms “FlexBook®” and “FlexBook Platform®” (collectively “CK-12 Marks”) are trademarks and service marks of CK-12 Foundation and are protected by federal, state, and international laws. Any form of reproduction of this book in any format or medium, in whole or in sections must include the referral attribution link http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (placed in a visible location) in addition to the following terms. Except as otherwise noted, all CK-12 Content (including CK-12 Curriculum Material) is made available to Users in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC 3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/3.0/), as amended and updated by Creative Com- mons from time to time (the “CC License”), which is incorporated herein by this reference. -
Classification of Clouds Clouds Are Usually Classified According to Their Height and Appearance
CLOUDS Clouds are condensed droplets of water and ice crystals. The nuclei of those droplets are dust particles. Near the surface these drops form fog and in the free atmosphere, they form clouds. Clouds have been defined as visible aggregation of minute water droplets and / or ice particles in the air, usually above the general ground level. Air contains moisture and this is extremely important to the formation of clouds. Clouds are formed around microscopic particles such as dust, smoke, salt crystals & other materials that are present in the atmosphere. These materials are called Cloud Condensation Nucleus (CCN). Without these, no cloud formation will take place. There are certain special types, known as ice nucleus, on which droplets freeze or ice crystals form directly from water vapour. Generally condensation nuclei are present in plenty in air. But there is scarcity of special ice forming nuclei. Generally clouds are made up of billion of these tiny water droplets or ice crystals or combination of both. When a current of air rises upwards due to increased temperature it goes up, expands and gets cooled. If the cooling continues till the saturation point is reached, the water vapour condenses and forms clouds. The condensation takes place on a nucleus of dust particles. The water particles individually are very small and suspended in the air. Only when the droplets coalesce to from a drop of sufficient weight, to overcome the resistance of air, they fall as rain. Clouds are considered essential and accurate tools for weather forecasting. Classification of clouds Clouds are usually classified according to their height and appearance. -
Warm and Cold Front Name: ______Period: _____ Date: ______Essential Question: How Do I Differentiate a Cold Front from a Warm Front?
Warm and Cold Front Name: ______________________________________________________________ Period: _____ Date: ____________ Essential Question: How do I differentiate a cold front from a warm front? WEATHER: Weather is basically the way the atmosphere is currently behaving, mainly with respect to its effects upon life and human activities. Most people think of weather in terms of temperature, humidity, precipitation, cloudiness, brightness, visibility, wind, and atmospheric pressure, as in high and low pressure. High Air pressure means good, clear, sunny weather while low are pressure mean rainy or stormy weather. CLIMATE: Climate is the description of the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area. Some scientists define climate as the average weather for a particular region and time period, usually taken over 30-years. When scientists talk about climate, they're looking at averages of precipitation, temperature, humidity, sunshine, wind velocity, phenomena such as fog, frost, and hail storms, and other measures of the weather that occur over a long period in a particular place. Weather Fronts or simply fronts are the boundaries between air masses of different temperature. If warm air mass is moving toward cold air mass, it is a “warm front”. These are shown on weather maps as a red line with scallops on it. If cold air mass is moving toward warm air mass, then it is a “cold front”. Cold fronts are always shown as a blue line with arrow points on it. If neither air masses are moving very much, it is called a “stationary front”, shown as an alternating red and blue line. Cold fronts tend to move faster than all other types of fronts. -
Weather Elements (Air Masses, Fronts & Storms)
Weather Elements (air masses, fronts & storms) S6E4. Obtain, evaluate and communicate information about how the sun, land, and water affect climate and weather. A. Analyze and interpret data to compare and contrast the composition of Earth’s atmospheric layers (including the ozone layer) and greenhouse gases. B. Plan and carry out an investigation to demonstrate how energy from the sun transfers heat to air, land, and water at different rates. C. Develop a model demonstrating the interaction between unequal heating and the rotation of the Earth that causes local and global wind systems. D. Construct an explanation of the relationship between air pressure, fronts, and air masses and meteorological events such as tornados of thunderstorms. E. Analyze and interpret weather data to explain the effects of moisture evaporating from the ocean on weather patterns weather events such as hurricanes. Term Info Picture air mass A body of air that is made of air that has the same temperature, humidity and pressure. tropical air mass A mass of warm air. If it forms over the continent it will be warm and dry. If it forms over the oceans it will be warm and moist/humid. polar air mass A mass of cold air. If it forms over the land it will be cold and dry. If it forms over the oceans it will be cold and wet. weather front Where two different air masses meet. It is often the location of weather events. warm front An advancing mass of warm air. It is a low pressure system. The warm air is replacing a cold air mass and causes rain, sleet or snow. -
Weather Basics - Page 1 English Offline Version Supported by the International Max Planck Research School on Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Weather Basics Unit 1 The basics about weather, pressure systems and fronts Changes in our climate are difficult to observe as it is a long term process, which lasts over the span of a lifetime or even generations. An unusually rainy, cool spring or a heat wave in summer does not mean that the climate is changing. What we observe everyday are weather phenomena. The weather is observed world- wide in a dense network of meteorological stations. If average weather data change over decades we call this a climate change. In this unit we have a look at weather parameters. An important one is the pressure, as the sequence of high and low pressure systems has a strong influence on our weather. We explain how these pressure systems form, how fronts are generated and the type of weather they ususally cause. 1. Weather indicator © optikerteam.de ESPERE Climate Encyclopaedia – www.espere.net - Weather Basics - page 1 English offline version supported by the International Max Planck Research School on Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Part 1: Weather and climate What is weather? Its definition and how it is different to climate Weather is the instantaneous state of the atmosphere, or the sequence of the states of the atmosphere as time passes. The behaviour of the atmosphere at a given place can be described by a number of different variables which characterise the physical state of the air, such as its temperature, pressure, water content, motion, etc. There isn't a generally accepted definition of climate. Climate is usually defined as all the states of the atmosphere seen at a place over many years. -
21111 21111 Physics Department Met
21111 21111 PHYSICS DEPARTMENT MET 1010 Midterm Exam 3 December 3, 2008 Name (print): Signature: On my honor, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid on this examination. YOUR TEST NUMBER IS THE 5-DIGIT NUMBER AT THE TOP OF EACH PAGE. (1) Please print your name and your UF ID number and sign the top of this page and the answer sheet. (2) Code your test number on your answer sheet (use lines 76{80 on the answer sheet for the 5-digit number). (3) This is a closed book exam and books, calculators or any other materials are NOT allowed during the exam. (4) Identify the number of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. (5) Blacken the circle of your intended answer completely, using a #2 pencil or blue or black ink. Do not make any stray marks or the answer sheet may not read properly. (6) Do all scratch work anywhere on this printout that you like. At the end of the test, this exam printout is to be turned in. No credit will be given without both answer sheet and printout. There are 33 multiple choice questions, each of which is worth 3 points. In addition there is a bonus question (marked) worth 1 extra (bonus) point which you will get simply for answering the bonus question. Therefore the maximum number of points on this exam is 100. If more than one answer is marked, no credit will be given for that question, even if one of the marked answers is correct. -
Article (PDF, 8965
Adv. Stat. Clim. Meteorol. Oceanogr., 5, 147–160, 2019 https://doi.org/10.5194/ascmo-5-147-2019 © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Automated detection of weather fronts using a deep learning neural network James C. Biard and Kenneth E. Kunkel North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies, North Carolina State University, Asheville, North Carolina, 28001, USA Correspondence: James C. Biard ([email protected]) Received: 28 March 2019 – Revised: 6 September 2019 – Accepted: 2 October 2019 – Published: 21 November 2019 Abstract. Deep learning (DL) methods were used to develop an algorithm to automatically detect weather fronts in fields of atmospheric surface variables. An algorithm (DL-FRONT) for the automatic detection of fronts was developed by training a two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2-D CNN) with 5 years (2003–2007) of manually analyzed fronts and surface fields of five atmospheric variables: temperature, specific humidity, mean sea level pressure, and the two components of the wind vector. An analysis of the period 2008– 2015 indicates that DL-FRONT detects nearly 90 % of the manually analyzed fronts over North America and adjacent coastal ocean areas. An analysis of fronts associated with extreme precipitation events shows that the detection rate may be substantially higher for important weather-producing fronts. Since DL-FRONT was trained on a North American dataset, its extensibility to other parts of the globe has not been tested, but the basic frontal structure of extratropical cyclones has been applied to global daily weather maps for decades. On that basis, we expect that DL-FRONT will detect most fronts, and certainly most fronts with significant weather. -
Clouds and Precipitation
Chapter 9 CLOUDS AND PRECIPITATION Fire weather is usually fair weather. Clouds, fog, and precipitation do not predominate during the fire season. The appearance of clouds during the fire season may have good portent or bad. Overcast skies shade the surface and thus temper forest flammability. This is good from the wildfire standpoint, but may preclude the use of prescribed fire for useful purposes. Some clouds develop into full-blown thunderstorms with fire-starting potential and often disastrous effects on fire behavior. The amount of precipitation and its seasonal distribution are important factors in controlling the beginning, ending, and severity of local fire seasons. Prolonged periods with lack of clouds and precipitation set the stage for severe burning conditions by increasing the availability of dead fuel and depleting soil moisture necessary for the normal physiological functions of living plants. Severe burning conditions are not erased easily. Extremely dry forest fuels may undergo superficial moistening by rain in the forenoon, but may dry out quickly and become flammable again during the afternoon. 144 CLOUDS AND PRECIPITATION Clouds consist of minute water droplets, ice crystals, or a mixture of the two in sufficient quantities to make the mass discernible. Some clouds are pretty, others are dull, and some are foreboding. But we need to look beyond these aesthetic qualities. Clouds are visible evidence of atmospheric moisture and atmospheric motion. Those that indicate instability may serve as a warning to the fire-control man. Some produce precipitation and become an ally to the firefighter. We must look into the processes by which clouds are formed and precipitation is produced in order to understand the meaning and portent of clouds as they relate to fire weather. -
The Ten Different Types of Clouds
THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE TEN DIFFERENT TYPES OF CLOUDS AND HOW TO IDENTIFY THEM Dedicated to those who are passionately curious, keep their heads in the clouds, and keep their eyes on the skies. And to Luke Howard, the father of cloud classification. 4 Infographic 5 Introduction 12 Cirrus 18 Cirrocumulus 25 Cirrostratus 31 Altocumulus 38 Altostratus 45 Nimbostratus TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE 51 Cumulonimbus 57 Cumulus 64 Stratus 71 Stratocumulus 79 Our Mission 80 Extras Cloud Types: An Infographic 4 An Introduction to the 10 Different An Introduction to the 10 Different Types of Clouds Types of Clouds ⛅ Clouds are the equivalent of an ever-evolving painting in the sky. They have the ability to make for magnificent sunrises and spectacular sunsets. We’re surrounded by clouds almost every day of our lives. Let’s take the time and learn a little bit more about them! The following information is presented to you as a comprehensive guide to the ten different types of clouds and how to idenify them. Let’s just say it’s an instruction manual to the sky. Here you’ll learn about the ten different cloud types: their characteristics, how they differentiate from the other cloud types, and much more. So three cheers to you for starting on your cloud identification journey. Happy cloudspotting, friends! The Three High Level Clouds Cirrus (Ci) Cirrocumulus (Cc) Cirrostratus (Cs) High, wispy streaks High-altitude cloudlets Pale, veil-like layer High-altitude, thin, and wispy cloud High-altitude, thin, and wispy cloud streaks made of ice crystals streaks