The Ten Different Types of Clouds
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Contrail-Cirrus and Their Potential for Regional Climate Change
Contrail-Cirrus and Their Potential for Regional Climate Change Kenneth Sassen Department of Meteorology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah ABSTRACT After reviewing the indirect evidence for the regional climatic impact of contrail-generated cirrus clouds (contrail- cirrus), the author presents a variety of new measurements indicating the nature and scope of the problem. The assess- ment concentrates on polarization lidar and radiometric observations of persisting contrails from Salt Lake City, Utah, where an extended Project First ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Program) Regional Experiment (FIRE) cirrus cloud dataset from the Facility for Atmospheric Remote Sensing has captured new information in a geographical area previously identified as being affected by relatively heavy air traffic. The following contrail properties are consid- ered: hourly and monthly frequency of occurrence; height, temperature, and relative humidity statistics; visible and in- frared radiative impacts; and microphysical content evaluated from in situ data and contrail optical phenomenon such as halos and coronas. Also presented are high-resolution lidar images of contrails from the recent SUCCESS experiment, and the results of an initial attempt to numerically simulate the radiative effects of an observed contrail. The evidence indicates that the direct radiative effects of contrails display the potential for regional climate change at many midlati- tude locations, even though the sign of the climatic impact may be uncertain. However, new information suggests that the unusually small particles typical of many persisting contrails may favor the albedo cooling over the greenhouse warming effect, depending on such factors as the geographic distribution and patterns in day versus night aircraft usage. -
Touching the Clouds Activity Guide
Touching the Clouds Activity Guide Purpose Provide a mental representation of each cloud type Create a tactile cloud identification chart Overview Individuals will construct and touch a tactile model of common types of clouds to learn how to describe the clouds based on their shape and texture. They will compare their descriptions with the standard classifications using the cloud types identified in the GLOBE Clouds Protocol. Time: 45 minutes to 1 ½ hours, depending on individual’s age Level: All Materials (per person) One large sheet of cardstock (18” x 12”) Tape One set of Braille labels for each cloud type and/or markers One small feather A layered piece of blanket or soft fabric (eight 1’ X 1” pieces) Cotton balls of varied sizes One tissue Organza or a similar material, cut into pieces, one layered 1” x 1” piece Pillow stuffing, one 1” x 1” piece A tsp of sand Three paper clips Liquid glue Scissors Baby Wipes Preparation Use tape to divide the large cardstock sheet in four sections: one for the cloud title at the top and three for the altitudes: using a portrait layout, place three pieces of tape horizontally, from side to side of the sheet. 1. 1” off the upper edge of the sheet 2. 8” off the upper edge of the sheet 1 Steps What to do and how to do it: Making A Tactile Cloud Identification Chart 1. Discuss that clouds come in three basic shapes: cirrus, stratus and cumulus. a. Feel of the 4” feather and describe it; discuss that these wispy clouds are high in the sky and are named cirrus. -
Cloud Atlas? 5
Episode 9 Teacher Resource 4th April 2017 Clouds 1. Briefly explain how clouds form. Students will develop an 2. Why are clouds an important part of the earth’s atmosphere? understanding of how clouds form and the different types of clouds. 3. What does a meteorologist study? 4. What is a Cloud Atlas? 5. When was it first published? 6. What does a cumulus cloud look like? 7. What is the name of the cloud that brings rain and lightning? 8. The Cloud Atlas has special clouds that are defined by the unusual Science – Year 4 ways they form. Give an example of one. Represent and communicate observations, ideas and findings 9. Describe the cloud that Gary helped get into the Cloud Atlas. using formal and informal 10. What do you understand more clearly since watching the BTN representations (ACSIS071) story? Science – Year 5 Solids, liquids and gases have different observable properties a nd behave in different ways (ACSSU077) Science – Year 7 Class Discussion Some of Earth’s resources are Watch the BTN Cloud Atlas story and discuss the information raised as a renewable, including water that cycles through the environment, class. What questions do students have (what are the gaps in their but others are non-renewable knowledge)? The following questions may help guide the discussion: (ACSSU116) What are clouds? Come up with a definition. What have you noticed about clouds? How do clouds form? What are the main types of clouds? What is the Cloud Atlas? The following KWLH organiser provides students with a framework to explore their knowledge on this topic and consider what they would like to know and learn. -
Graphical Area Forecast User Guide a Guide for the Transition from Arfors to GAF
Graphical Area Forecast User Guide A guide for the transition from ARFORs to GAF October 2017 | Version 1.2 Graphical Area Forecast User Guide Document Control Revision history VERSION DATE DESCRIPTION AUTHOR 1 15 September 2017 Final version Elizabeth Heba Update to provide clarification on AIRMETs 1.1 13 October 2017 Elizabeth Heba and SIGMETs Update to GAF samples and worked example 1.2 20 October 2017 Additional text in Area Briefing (NAIPS) Ashwin Naidu Section Update to abbreviation examples Approval for release DATE NAME Position Signature National Manager Aviation 20 October 2017 Gordon Jackson Meteorological Services Version number Date of issue th Version 1.2 20 October 2017 © Commonwealth of Australia 2017 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced without prior written permission from the Bureau of Meteorology. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Production Manager, Communication Section, Bureau of Meteorology, GPO Box 1289, Melbourne 3001. Information regarding requests for reproduction of material from the Bureau website can be found at www.bom.gov.au/other/copyright.shtml ii Graphical Area Forecast User Guide Table of Contents 1 Purpose .......................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... -
Types of Cloud with Example
Types Of Cloud With Example Is Gerrard always freeze-dried and glarier when rake some tentacle very agreeably and alright? Is Rock always chemicallyspavined and while elementary toyless Yehudi when lopingreshape some that legislature mucuses. very evilly and inquisitively? Bronson still solidifying This community why data stored on a pepper cloud platform is generally thought of as reserve from most hazards. In cloud types with example of service model and private cloud computing might be adverse for sharing a massive global network to maximize profitability by. There are typically grouped as with redundancies can house on topics such blog, types of cloud types with example of an example of customization with regular upgrades and types of new. This filth where Cloud Computing has face to protect rescue! Please enable more resources with cloud types example of hybrid cloud types of multiple cloud function as you choose? What types of cloud example images are cloud types with example of fog will benefit of the example, with us include popular seo blog focuses on. Pushing email off into the cloud makes it supremely convenient for billboard people, constantly on land move. This type my Cloud Computing is designed to address the needs of a specific change, like a business call an industry. Every toss of cloud has huge picture, but some of them right not clear or appropriate for payment term. Spreading cumulonimbus clouds may also deliver to the formation of nimbostratus. Within the traditional hosting space, services are either dedicated or shared. These three clouds can be described as featureless blanket cloud layers. -
New Cloud Types 2019
UPSC MAIN & PRELIMS NEW CLOUD TYPES 2019 BY : NEETU SINGH This is updated material for New Cloud Types, targeting both upcoming Prelims and Main Exams. Video is attached to provide you with the gist of content. https://youtu.be/01Ciwd9b470 New Cloud Types PRINCIPLES OF CLOUD CLASSIFICATION Useful concepts Height, altitude, vertical extent Clouds continuously evolve and appear in an infinite variety of forms. However, there is a limited number · Height: Vertical distance from the point of of characteristic forms frequently observed all over observation on the Earth's surface to the point the world, into which clouds can be broadly grouped being measured. in a classification scheme. The scheme uses · Altitude: Vertical distance from mean sea level to genera(defined according to their appearance and the point being measured. position in the sky), species(describing shape and · Height/Altitude of cloud base: For surface structure) and varieties(describing transparency and observations, height of the cloud base above arrangement).This is similar to the systems used in ground level; for aircraft observations, altitude of the classification of plants or animals, and similarly the cloud base above mean sea level. uses Latin names. · Vertical extent: Vertical distance from a cloud's There are some intermediate or transitional forms of base to its top. clouds that, although observed fairly frequently, are Levels not described in the classification scheme. The transitional forms are of little interest; they are less Clouds are generally encountered over a range of stable and in appearance are not very different from altitudes varying from sea level to the top of the the definitions of the characteristic forms. -
ESSENTIALS of METEOROLOGY (7Th Ed.) GLOSSARY
ESSENTIALS OF METEOROLOGY (7th ed.) GLOSSARY Chapter 1 Aerosols Tiny suspended solid particles (dust, smoke, etc.) or liquid droplets that enter the atmosphere from either natural or human (anthropogenic) sources, such as the burning of fossil fuels. Sulfur-containing fossil fuels, such as coal, produce sulfate aerosols. Air density The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume occupied by it. Air density is usually expressed as g/cm3 or kg/m3. Also See Density. Air pressure The pressure exerted by the mass of air above a given point, usually expressed in millibars (mb), inches of (atmospheric mercury (Hg) or in hectopascals (hPa). pressure) Atmosphere The envelope of gases that surround a planet and are held to it by the planet's gravitational attraction. The earth's atmosphere is mainly nitrogen and oxygen. Carbon dioxide (CO2) A colorless, odorless gas whose concentration is about 0.039 percent (390 ppm) in a volume of air near sea level. It is a selective absorber of infrared radiation and, consequently, it is important in the earth's atmospheric greenhouse effect. Solid CO2 is called dry ice. Climate The accumulation of daily and seasonal weather events over a long period of time. Front The transition zone between two distinct air masses. Hurricane A tropical cyclone having winds in excess of 64 knots (74 mi/hr). Ionosphere An electrified region of the upper atmosphere where fairly large concentrations of ions and free electrons exist. Lapse rate The rate at which an atmospheric variable (usually temperature) decreases with height. (See Environmental lapse rate.) Mesosphere The atmospheric layer between the stratosphere and the thermosphere. -
Cloud-Spotting Game Sheet
Spot ‘Em Car Games Clouds and Weather Mark down each type of cloud you spot, and see how long it takes you to get them all! 1. Cirrus (2) 2. Altocumulus (2) 3. Cirrocumulus (1) 4. Cirrostratus (3) 5. Cumulus (1) 6. Cirrus fibratus (2) 7. Altostratus (3) 8. Nimbostratus (2) 9. Stratocumulus (1) 10. Stratus (3) 11. Lenticular cloud (10) 12. Funnel cloud (10) 13. Rainbow (5) 14. Airplane contrail (2) 15. Crepuscular rays (10) www.HowToRaiseAHappyGenius.com Printed by Pictish Beast Publications Spot ‘Em Car Games Clouds and Weather More information about how to identify the weather phenomena that are part of this car game 1. Cirrus: Cirrus clouds look like strands of white cotton wool that have been pulled apart and spread across the sky. 2. Altocumulus: Altocumulus clouds form a layer at mid-altitudes that covers much of the sky, and this layer is usually made up of patterns of regularly spaced and shaped patches with bands of blue sky between them. 3. Cirrocumulus: Cirrocumulus clouds are similar to altocumulus, but they are found higher up in the sky and are made up of smaller patches of cloud. 4. Cirrostratus: Cirrostratus clouds form a continuous sheet of cloud high up in the sky that are thin enough for the sun to be able to shine through, creating a halo effect. 5. Cumulus: Cumulus clouds are distinctive fluffy looking clouds that are clearly separated from other clouds in the sky. They are what you would draw if asked to draw a picture of a cloud. 6. Cirrus fibratus: Cirrus fibratus are a type of Cirrus cloud that form very distinctive long, fluffy lines across the sky. -
Direccion De Personal Aeronautico Dpto. De
DIRECCION DE PERSONAL AERONAUTICO 26/09/2021 MTC DPTO. DE INSTRUCCION OGMS/DINF PREGUNTAS Y OPCIONES POR TEMA 14:03 Pag: 1 TEMA: 0626 ATP-RTC - Meteorology and Weather Services - Chap.8 COD_PREG: PREGUNTA: RPTA: PREG20098166 What is indicated on the Weather Depiction Chart by a continuous smooth C (9299) line enclosing a hatched geographic area? OPCION A: The entire area has ceilings less than 1,000 feet and/or visibility less than 3 miles OPCION B: More than 50 percent of the area enclosed by the smooth line is predicted to have IFR conditions OPCION C: Reporting stations within the enclosed area are all showing IFR conditions at the time of the report OPCION D: PREG20098167 The horizontal wind shear, critical for turbulence (moderate or greater) per B (9701) 150 miles is OPCION A: 18 knots or less OPCION B: greater than 18 knots OPCION C: not a factor, only vertical shear is a factor OPCION D: PREG20098168 A severe thunderstorm is one in which he surface wind is A (9706) OPCION A: 50 knots or greater and/or surface hail is 3/4 inch or more in diameter. OPCION B: 55 knots or greater and/or surface hail is 1/2 inch or more in diameter. OPCION C: 45 knots or greater and/or surface hail is 1 inch or more in diameter. OPCION D: PREG20098169 A squall is a sudden increase of at least 16 knots in average wind speed to a B (9708) sustained speed of OPCION A: 24 knots or more for at least 1 minute OPCION B: 22 knots or more for at least 1 minute OPCION C: 20 knots or more for at least 1 minute OPCION D: PREG20098170 A calm wind that is forecast, in the international Terminal Aerodrome B (9709) Forecast (TAF) is encoded as OPCION A: VRB00KT OPCION B: 00000KT OPCION C: 00003KT OPCION D: PREG20098171 In the International Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF), a variable wind C (9710) direction is noted by "VRB" where the three digit direction usually appears. -
Btn: Episode 09 Transcript 4/04/17
BtN: Episode 09 Transcript 4/04/17 Hi I'm Nathan Bazley and this is BTN! Coming up today A world without cash? We find out how it might happen sooner than you think. Jack takes on a 'BTN Investigates' question that's out of this world. And Kind Classrooms wraps up with a look at just some of the schools that helped make the world a better place. But first: Cyclone Debbie Reporter: Natasha Thiele INTRO: We're taking a look at the destruction caused by Cyclone Debbie last week. Soon, we'll hear all about the flooding that it caused through South East Queensland and Northern NSW. But first we'll find out what it's like to go through a cyclone from two kids that experienced it first-hand. This is the sound a powerful tropical cyclone makes when it hits your house. Those powerful winds, combined with incredibly heavy rain, destroyed homes, trees and crops along the north coast of Queensland on Tuesday. And afterwards tens of thousands of people were left without power just like Hunter and his family who live in Cannon Valley. Hunter was going to report on the cyclone for us as a Rookie Reporter, but without power it's been tough to charge up his camera or connect to the internet. REPORTER: Hey Hunter, how you going? I've heard power's been a pretty big issue over there at the moment, you've been filming some stuff for us but you can't get a lot of it through. Can you tell us what Cyclone Debbie was like? HUNTER: Well it was a devastating scene and it was really scary! REPORTER: And were you like hiding in the bathroom or what were you guys doing? HUNTER: Well at the start when it wasn't like, when the first time we were just outside in our, we were inside but then when it, after the second bit we went into our bathroom because it started getting really strong winds. -
Saharan Dust, Convective Lofting, Aerosol Enhancement Zones, And
PUBLICATIONS Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres RESEARCH ARTICLE Saharan dust, convective lofting, aerosol enhancement zones, 10.1002/2017JD026933 and potential impacts on ice nucleation in the tropical Key Points: upper troposphere • Relative to background upper tropospheric air, an aerosol C. H. Twohy1 , B. E. Anderson2, R. A. Ferrare2 , K. E. Sauter3 ,T.S.L’Ecuyer3 , enhancement zone (AEZ) exists at the 4 fi 5 2 2 bottom edge of tropical storm anvils S. C. van den Heever , A. J. Heyms eld , S. Ismail , and G. S. Diskin • Storms affected by the SAL have more 1 2 large particles, likely mineral dust, in NorthWest Research Associates, Redmond, Washington, USA, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA, the AEZ and these contribute to the 3Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 4Department of background concentration Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, 5Microscale and Mesoscale Meteorology • Convective lofting of dust by Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA convective systems is predicted to enhance ice nucleating particle concentrations in the upper fi fl troposphere Abstract Dry aerosol size distributions and scattering coef cients were measured on 10 ights in 32 clear-air regions adjacent to tropical storm anvils over the eastern Atlantic Ocean. Aerosol properties in these regions were compared with those from background air in the upper troposphere at least 40 km from Supporting Information: • Supporting Information S1 clouds. Median values for aerosol scattering coefficient and particle number concentration >0.3 μm diameter were higher at the anvil edges than in background air, showing that convective clouds loft particles from the Correspondence to: lower troposphere to the upper troposphere. -
International Atlas of Clouds and of States of the Sky
INTERNATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL COMMITTEE COMMISSION FOR THE STUDY OF CLOUDS International Atlas of Clouds and of States of the Sky ABRIDGED EDITION FOR THE USE OF OBSERVERS PARIS Office National Meteorologique, Rue de I'Universite, 176 193O International Atlas of Clouds and of States of the Sky THIS WORK FOR THE USE OF OBSERVERS CONSISTS OF : 1. This volume of text. 2. An album of 41 plates. It is an abreviation of the complete work : The International Atlas of Clouds and of States of the Sky. It is published thanks to the generosity of The Paxtot Institute of Catalonia. INTERNATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL COMMITTEE COMMISSION FOR THE STUDY OF CLOUDS International Atlas of Clouds and of States of the Sky ABRIDGED EDITION FOR THE USE OF OBSERVERS Kon. Nad. Metoor. Intl. De Bilt PARIS Office National Meteorologique. Rue de I'Universite. 176 193O In memory of our Friend A. DE QUERVAIN Member of the International Commluion for the Study of Cloudt INTRODUCTION Since 1922 the International Commission for the Study of Clouds has been engaged in studying the classification of clouds for a new International Atlas. The complete work will appear shortly, and in it will be found a history of the undertaking. This atlas is only a summary of the complete work, and is intended for the use of observers. The necessity for it was realised by the Inter- national Conference of Directors, in order to elucidate the new inter- national cloud code; this is based on the idea of the state of the sky, but observers should be able to use it without difficulty for the separate analysis of low, middle, and high clouds.