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D.1-EAILID ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY Public Disclosure Authorized

0 X DEAI6 ENVte May N9T MA 'TUDY -l ETV-EROTERVRt. ER PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

Denomination of the document2tion:

Quick-startgas turbine power plant of Sajosz6ged

(Secondaryreserve)

Prepared by: Office of Environmental Protection

Work. No.: 7011-99

No. of documentation: 550/782 -

OfficeHead: LstvinT6th

Proiect Mananer: ...... Pter Hayer

Ouality superAisor:...... Lajos Mohicsi

Date: June 6,1996

l ETV-ER6TERVRt. ERt d JER V ) Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

The present study was prepared by the Office of Environmental Protection of ETV-EROTERV based on the contract concluded with ERBE Power Engineering & ConsultingLtd., with the cooperationof

Mr. Peter Hayer - ETV-EROTERV, Office of Envirowmental Protection - compilation

Mr. Istvan Bodnar- ETV-EROTERV,Office of EnviromnentalProtection - propagationcalculations

Mr. Lajos Mohicsi - ETV-EROTERV,Office of EnviromnentalProtection - waste management

Mr-Ferenc Bakonyi- ETV ER1TERV, MechanicalOffice No. I - mechanicaltechnology

VITUKIInnosystem Co. Ltd - surface and subsurfacewaters

CONSIJLT-RPartership Company- noise

"Instituteof Ecology for the MaintainableDevelopment" Foundation - flora and fauna

National Public Health and Medical Officer's Service (ANTSZ) of Borsod- Abauj-ZemplenCounty - air quality

2 -1l EIV-EROTERVRt. PowerEngineering and E TERV ContractorCo.

PART I

ENVIRONMEENTALSTATUS

I/l INTRODUCTION...... 11

1/2 BACKGROND .12 I/2.1 Alternativesof the locationof the facility, reasons 12 I1/2.2 The investigated technological versions, their evaluation 13 I/2.3 Feasibilitystudy .15

1/3 GEOGRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENT,LANDSCAPE . 21

114 CLIMATIC CONDMONS OF THE SITE ...... 2

1/5 GEOLOGICAL, HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDMONS OF THE ENVIRONMENT.29 115.1 Geologicalconditions ...... 29 1/5.2 Hydrogeologicalconditions . 31

1/6 SELECTION OF THE AREAS TO BE INVESTIGATED.33

1/7 STATUSOF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS AND SYSTEMS .. 34 I/7.1 Statusofwaters ...... 34 In.1.1 Subsurfacewaters ...... 34 I/7.1.2 Surface waters ...... 35 1/7.2 Geologicaland soil investigation...... 39 1/7.3 Air quality...... 44 1/7.4 Flora and fauna...... 50 117.5 Noise emission,current noise load of the environment...... 51

3 ETV-EROTERVRt. (5 TE Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

PART II

TE PLANNEDACTIVITY AND THE EXPECTED ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS

EUI OPERATION OF THE PLANNEDGAS TURBINE PLANT .... - 60_._ ......

II/2 ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS OF THE CONSTRUCTIONAND THE ASSEM[BLy_ .... _64 11/2.1 Construction,assembly .64 11/2.2 Changes taing place in the environmentalelements. 66 llJ3 ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS OF THE OPERATION .71 1113.1 Air pollution and air quality.71 =I13.1.1 The expectedairborne emissions of the power plant and their qualification.71 II/3.1.2 Determinationof the height of the stacks. 72 113.1.3 Changes in the air quality in the impact area.. 0 11.3.2 Changesin soil quality.82 11/3.3 Changes in subsurfaceand surfacewater quality...... 83 I1/3.4 Impactsoriginating from the storage and handling of raw materialsand wastes.84 I113.5 impacts of noise emissionof the power plant .86 II/3.6 Ecologicalprognostics for habitats.89 II/3.7 Impacts on human health and other human impacts . 90 II/3.8 Social-economicalimpacts .90 II13.9 Impacts on the landscape.94 I113.10 Other expectedimpacts due to averageand operationaltroubles .95

4 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineeringand (R R V ContractorCo.

I14 EXPECTED IMPACTS OF DECOMMISSIONING ...... 97 II/4.1 Changesin subsurfaceand surface water quality...... 97 11/4.2 Changesin the soil quality...... 97 11/4.3 Ecologicalchanges ...... 98 11/4.4 Land use...... 98

IIIS DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTALMEASURES ...... 99 11/5.1 Protectionof the air quality.99 1115.2 Water protection.100 11/5.3 Soil protection.100 11/5.4 Noise protection.101 11/5.5 Nature protection.101 11/5.6 Landscapeprotection .101 11J5.7 Averagesand the plan for their elimination.101

11/6 MAIN UNCERTAINTIES AND MISSING DATA ...... 103 11/6.1 Planningcircumstances ...... 103 II/6.2 Constructioncircumstances ...... 103 -1/6.3 Current environmentalstatus and impacts...... 103 11/6.3.I Air quality...... 103 II/63.2Ecologicaldata ...... 104

11/7 MONITORING SYSTEM ...... 105 I/7. I Monitoringduring construction...... 105 11V7.2 Monitoringduring operation...... 105 11/7.2.1 Air pollution and air quality ...... 105 11/7.2.2Subsurface waters,soil quality ...... 106

5 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ERoTERV)EPower Engineeringand Contractor Co.

II/8 SUMMARY 11/8.1Introduction ...... 108 II/8.2 Descriptionof the facility...... 109 11/8.2.1 Installation...... 109 II18.2.2 Descriptionof the operationof the projected gas turbine power plant ...... 110 1118.3Expected changes in the environmentand their evaluation.. 113 1/8.3.1 Investigationof the environmentalimpacts, impactareas .113 11/8.3.2 Currentstatus of the environment.113 IU8.3.3 Impactof the constructionon the envirornent. 116 11/8.3A Operationand its impactson the environment. 19 II/8.3.5 Expectedimpacts of decommissioning...... 123 11/8.4 Environmentalmeasures . .125

Literatureand studiesprepared and used during the preparationof the environmentalimpact study .127

6 ETV-EROTERVRt. ER TER V Power Engineeringand Contractor Co.

LIST OF FIGURES

1/2.3.-1 Siteplan I/2.3.-2 Installationplan I/2.3.-3 Schematicdrawing 1/4.-1 Monthly average medimn-, maximum and mnim temperaturesin the area of Saj6sz5ged I14.-2 Monthly average precipitations in the region of Saj6szoged comparedwith the national averagevalues I/4.-3 Relativefrequency of synoptic wind velocity according to wind directions 115.1.-I Generalgeological structure of the area under investigation 1/5.1.-2 Geologicalprofile of the Quaternarylayers between Tisza-Saj6 mouth and Debrecen -- -' 1/5.1.-3 Geologicalprofile fiom the delta of Tisza-Saj6 115.1.-4 Structure and granulometric comnpositionof the soil and the shallowlayers 1/5.2--1 Stage sequenceof Tisza I/5.2.-2 Regionalflow conditionsof groundwater 1/6.-I Map of the investigated areas - Geology, soil and subsurface waters I/6.-2 Map of the investigatedareas - Surfacewaters 1/6.-3 Map of the investigated areas - Air I/6.-4 Map of the investigatedareas -Flora and fauna I/6.-S Map of the investigated areas - Noise 116.-6 Map of the investigatedareas - Comprehensivemap

7 ETV-ER6TERVRt. PowerEngineering and (ER TE ContractorCo.

I/7.1.1.-1 Data of the groundwatcrmonitoring wells I/7.1.2.-I Regionalmap of floodplain dikedmarshes 1/7.1.2.-2 Yearly averageKOld values and linear trends on Saj6-Keszny6t and in the Tisza-Polgarsection If7.1.2.-3 Yearly average values of ammoniumnand linear trends on Saj6- Kesznyetand in the Tisza-Polgarsection 1/7.1.2.-4 Yearly average values of total hardness and linear trends on Saj6-Kesznyetand in the Tisza-Polgarsection I17.2.-I Successivelayers in the borings 1/7.3.-I Changes in N02 concentrationin February-March1996 in the region of Saj6sz6ged I/7.3.-2 Changes in S02 concentrationin February-March1996 in the region of Saj6sz6ged 117.5.-i Locationof the noise measuringpoints

III1.-I./a Operationscheme of the gas turbine VII/.-l./b Axonometricview of the gas turbine 11/ .-2./a Section of the containerunit of the gas turbine 11/1.-2./b Axonometricview of the containerunit of the gas turbine 11/3.1.2.-1. Comparisonof 30-minuteNOx, S02 and CO jimnmissions,two- stack version II/3.1.2.-2. Distribution of 30-minute NOx immissions (values under the axis of the smoke plume) as a function of the distance calculated from the pollution source - in case of two stacks,H = 51 m 11/3.1.2.-3. Comparisonof 30-minuteNOx, S0 2 and CO immissionsin case of a single stack

8 ETV-ER65TERVRt. (ER TER PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

II/3.1.2.-4. Distribution of 30-minute NOx immissions (values under the axis of the smoke plume) as a functionof the distancecalculated from the pollution source - in case of a single stack II/3.1.2.-5. Distribution of 30-minute NOx immissions (values under the axis of the smoke plume) as a functionof the distance calculated from the pollution source - in case of two stacks, H = 40 m II/3.1.2.-6. Comparison of the values of 30-minute NOx immissions of 40 and 51 m high stacks, in case of one single stack and two stacks

9 ETV-EROTERVRt. ERTE( PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

QUICK-START GAS TURBINE POWER PLAN-T OF SAJOSZOGED

(Secondary reserve)

DETAILED ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT STUDY

PARTI

ENVIRONMENTALSTATUS

10 ETV-ER15TERVRt. ( TER PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

Il/ INTRODUCI1ON

One of the outstandingobjectives of the Hungarianenergy policy approvedby the National Assembly is the diversificationof the energy sources, and - in view oI wire energy - the extensionof the connections.Therefore, in 1991,the Governmentmade a decision,that the Hungarianenergy systemjoins UCPTE, the associationof the Western-Europeanelectric energy systems,which are on a higher technical level and which may guaranteea more safe electric energy supply for Hungary.

One of the basic conditionsof joining UCPTE is, that the Hungarianelectric energ systemshould have a quick-action,so-called secondary control reserve capacities of a size determinedby UCPTE recommendations.These reserve capacitiesshould be equivalentat least to the greatest capacity of the electric energy productionunit of the system. In the Hungarian electric energy system the greatest capacity productionunits are the 460 MW blocs of the Nuclear Power Plant of Paks, thus the secondarycontrol reserve capacityshould be of 460 MW.

In the recent years, the Hungafian Power Companies Ltd. (MVM Ri.) has performed comprehensive investigationsfor analyzing the most purposeful possibilitiesof ensuring the required reserve capacity. Based on the analysis. MVM has come to the conclusion, that 200 MW of the required reserve capacity should be ensured by establishing quick-start gas turbine power plants.

11 l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ETV-ER6TERV Rt. 6 TER PowerEngineenring and ContractorCo.

1/2 BACKGROUND

I12.1Alternatives of the location of the facility, reasons

Starting from the role of the secondary control power plants played in the electric energy system, MVM has come to the conclusion, that it would be purposefulto install the power plantsserving for this purpose at the significant connectionpoints of the electiic energy system,at the great substations of the network. In spring 1994 investigationshave been carried out for the possible locations. Four substations have been found as optimal locations for installation:the substationof the Nuclear PowerPlant of Paks, the substation of Lit6r. the substationof Martonvasarand the substationof Saj6sz6ged.

In autumn 1994 MVM invited ETV-ER6TERV Rt. Power Engineering and Contractor Co. to prepare a detailed feasibility study and a preliminary environmentalimpact study for the above four locations.When evaluatingthe conceptual plans it has become clear, that at the substation of Martonvasar the connection of the power plant to the network could only be done at much higher costs with respect to the other sites, therefore further investigations have been stoppedby MVM for this location.

For the locations of the Nuclear Power Plant of Paks, of Liter and Sajoszoged the detailed feasibility studies and the preliminary environmental impact studieshave been completedby the beginningof 1995.

Based on these documentations.in May 1995,MVM Rt. started the licensing procedure of the facilities.

12 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ERo TER V)Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

In its decision No. 3935-3/1995,the EnvironmentalInspectorate of Northem Hungary prescribedto prepare a detailedenvironmental impact study for the secondaryreserve gas turbine powerplant to be establishedat the substationof Saj6szoged.

In its decision No. 47/1995, the Hungarian Energy Office has granted a preliminary building permit for the secondary reserve power plant of Saj6szoged.

In Januaryand February 1996,in possessionof the preliminarybuilding permit issued by the Hungarian Energy Office, in cooperation with ESBI-ETV Engineering Services Co. Ltd., MVM Rt. organized a public hearing in harnony with GovermmentDecree No. 146/1992.(XI.4.).On April 22, 1996a decision has been issued by the inter-departmentalcommittee in connection with the information of the public, according to § 3 of the above said GovernmentDecree.

i/2.2 The iuvestigated technologiral versions, their evaluation

A secondary reserve function can be ensured by the water reservoir power plants or the quick-starTiopen-cycle gas turbine power plants.

The advantages of the water reservoir power plant are: quick starting, the transformationof the cheaper night electric energy to a day-timepeak energy, the disadvantages are: the high specific investmentcost and the long building time. It would be impossibleto build a water reservoirpower plant by the time of the final joining to the UCPTE system- by the end of 1997-, consequently, the only altemative is the installationof quick-startgas turbines.

13 ETV-EROTERVRL. fERO TE Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

Based on the evaluationof 12 informalproposals for gas turbines, which have been received during the past 2 years, we have drawn the general technical consequences,namely, that the requirementsof quick starting (rated output to be achieved in max. 10 minutes) are primarily met by the acroderivativegas turbines, which are driving gears of airplanes transformed for industrial purposes.

The most applicabletypes are LM 6000 (GE) and TRENT (Rolls-Royce)gas turbines, see installation plan I/23.-2. These gas turbines comply with the environmental requirements,and - thanks to their layout characteristics (container-typestructure) - they can be installedeasily, quicldyand efficiently.

When evaluatingthe proposals,the environmentalaspects shall fully be taken into consideration.The selectionof the final type and the determinationof the number of the units shall be based on the results of an international competition,taking also into considerationthe environmentalaspects.

Since 100±20 MW has been determinedin the preliminarybuilding pennit of the Hungarian Energy Office as the capacity of the power plant, therefore. when investigatingthe environmentalimpacts, 120 MW maximum capacity and a two-bloc structure shall be taken into consideration,however, in some cases, the single-blocstructure shall also be investigated.

14 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ERd TER V ) PowerEngineering and Contractor Co.

1/2.3 Feasibility study

The mainitems of the detailedfeasibility study are the following:

Location

The 2.4 ha size location is in the outskirts of Saj6szoged,in S-W direction from the village, close to main road No. 35, in the vicinity of the existing substation(see site plan No. IJ23.-1.). In the location the followingequipment and systems shall be installed (see installation plan No. I/2.3.-2. and the attachedschematic drawing 1123.-3):

- gas turbine and auxiliary equipment - generator and auxiliary equipment - electric equipment of the power plant - electric technology of the substation - control system - environmental monitoring system - fuel supply system - water supply system - fire protection system

The power plant shall be accessible by a connectionroad branching from the transportationroad of the neighboringsubstation. The plant shall have its own access and transportationroads and pavementsaccording to the needs.

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Equipment and systems

Gas turbine and auxiliaryequipment

The gas turbine and the auxiliary equipment are meant the following equipment between the cross section of the air suction inlet and the cross section of the steel stack outlet connectingto the flue gas channel of the gas turbine:

- gas turbine unit operatingwith liquid fuel - steel base plate with base screws (with anchoring elements to be fixed with concrete) - noise-abatinglight-structure cover to reduce the noise emission of the machineunit - air suction and filteringsystem equippedwith defroster,sound damper. afiring gate and supportingstructure - exhaust systemequipped with sound damper.balance, snap and stack - fuel supply system, - burncr system, - possibly a driving gear between the gas turbine and the generator. with a lubricatingoil system - gas turbine lubricating oil system - starting and axle-driving system - cooling system - water injectionsystem for reducingNOx emission(if necessary) - fire detectionsystem, fire signalling, fire alarm. CO-)fire extinguishinp system - pipelines for the auxiliary equipment - illumination system (indoor, outdoor) - ventilation system within the cover - lifting equipmentfor assemblyand maintenance - electric and control techniquewith wiring.

16 ETV-ER6TERV RL E~RTEV PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

Generatorand auxiliaryequipment

The synchronousgenerators connected to the gas turbines shall be air cooled, their output voltage shall be determinedby the supplier. The energizing shall be statical or by rotary diodes. Each machine shall be provided with a switchgear of a generator output voltage. The connection between the generatorswitches and the houseservice, as well as the main transformer,shall be ensured by a clad bus by phases. The auxiliary equipmentof the generator also include neutral instruments, measuring switches and the overvoltage protection.The protectionsystem shall be digital.

Electric sauipment of the Rower Rlant

Each machine unit shall have an independent0.4 kV ac., 220 V and 24 V. d.c., as well as a 230 V a.c. break-inoperation systun. The fuel supply system, the outbuildinginstallation, the fire water system, and the demniwater system shall have separate 0-4 kV distributors.

Electric e_chnology of the sub-station

The electric technologyof the sub-stationis meant the section betweenthe 120 kV switches of the- bloc transforner and the 120 kV bus bar, including all primrny and secondary (protection and control rtechnique) equipment, transmission line and cable. It also includes the sub-station switching equipment serving for the supply of the power plant stand-by transformner,and the connectingcable. The generatedelectric energy is conductedfrom the bloc transfonner of the gas turbine unit to the 120 kV switching gear through a single system 120 kV overhead line.

17 E1V-EROTERVRt. R ER V) Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

Control techniaueeauivment

The gas turbine power plant shall operate under the control of the National ElectricLoad Distributor(OVT), i.e. OVT shall decide on the switchingon/off of the gas turbine units. Therefore, OVT should get all infornation on the basis of which starting and the operatingconditions of the gas turbine can be judged. The power plant shall be controlled by the OVT staff, while supervision and trouble shooting shall be the responsibility of the OVIT sub- station staff of Saj6szoged.OVT shall be connectedthrough the sub-station.

Environmentalmonitoring systern

For controllingthe emissionspolluting the air, S02, NOx, solid particles, 02 and CO/CO2measuring and evaluatingsystems shall be established,operating on a permanent basis.

Fuel supple system

Fuel shall arrive to the power plant by road, in tank-trucks. Two twin-type. covered discharge stations shall be establishedfor the reception of the trucks, i.e. four max. 30 cu.m trucks can be dischargedin the same time. Three 30 cu.rnh capacity pumps shall serve for dischargingthe fuel, one of which shall be a reserve.

Fuel shall be stored in two 1000 cu.m above-ground cylindrical tanks in vertical position, provided with a fixed roof and an inner floating roof. The tank shall have thermnalinsulation. an alumina sheet casing and a reinforced concreteprotective ring.

18 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ER TER Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

At each machine unit fuel shall be supplied from the oil tanks to the spray pump installedbefore the gas turbine by 2 (one working, one reserve) parallel- connectedintermediate pumps, respectively it shall be circulatedin a condition ready for service betweenthe tanks and the spraypump.

An oil separator shall be installed, together with the required technological equipment, for the collection of oily waste waters nmning down fiom the access road leadingto the dischargingplace, of the technologicalwaste waters and of the oils spilling at the gas turbine machine unit. as well as for the separation of the oil from waste waters. The separated oily sludge shall be pumped into a container,then transportedfor disposal.

Water sup,olvsvstems

Demi waler supply system

Derni water system shall supply water to the cooling system, and, if required, to the equipmentreducing NOx emission of the gas turbines.Demi water shall be transportedby tank-trucksto the power plant.

The equipmentof demi water supply are the following:

two 300 cu.m capacity demi water tanks two 20 cu.n/h capacitypumps for filling the tanks two 30 cu.m/h capacity pumps for forwarding demi water from the tanks to the machineunits; hoisting: 20 m

19 I ETV-EROTERVRt. ER ERV Power Engineeringand GiRV ContractorCo.

Communal water supply

Communal water demand of the plant is 0.1 cu.m/day, max. I cu.m/month. Commnunalwater is supplied by a pipe branching from the drinking water pipeline of the sub-station.

Communal waste water shall be collected in a closed tank, then it shall be transported for disposal.

Fire water supply

A 450 cum fire water pool shall bc built for the power plant. According to Section 3.1.7 of the Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ 9779/4 the pool should fully be filled within 48 hours. This requires a 2.6 I/s capacity pipeline. Fire water shall also be supplied by the above mentioned pipeline.

Fire protection systems

When designing fire protection, the two 1000 cu.m fuel oil tanks should be taken into consideration together with their auxiliary equipment, oil pump house, and the tank-truck discharge stations. The container units of the gas turbine and the generator are provided with separate C0 2 extinguishers by the manufacturer. The control room of the sub-station shall have a new, "intelligent" fire signalling center. The signals shall arrive directly to the center installed in the control room of the sub-station, and then to the fire brigade of the municipality.

20 ETV-EROTERVRL ER5 TER Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

1/3. GEOGRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENT, LANDSCAPE

The geographicalenvironment of the projectedpower plant is located mainly on the talus of Sajo-Hernad(small region No. 1.9.32 in the cadaster of the small regions of Hungary), but it also touches the area of small regions Borsodi-floodplain (1.7.12)and Taktakoz(1.7.11).

The averagealtitude of the above regionsis about 100 m BSL, they are a talus plain and an absoluteplain. The original surface has been transformedby the erosionof the rivers into hillfootridges of 5 m/sq.kmaverage relief, articulated by low ridges between the valleys, thus the topography is characterizedby slopes. The flood plain area of Saj6 and Saj6-Hernmdis a wavy resp. slightly wavy plain of a small relative relief Due to slight slopes the area is characterizedby bad run off and dominatedby large plains. The onlyvariety in the topographyof the area are the abandonedriver bed generationsindicating the former flow directionof Tisza, Saj6-Hemadand Hej6 rivers.

The settlementsin the investigatedarea are: Saj6szoged,Nagycs6cs, Girincs, Hajfbaba, Saj66rs, Kiscsecs, Szakild, Muhi, K6r6m, Nemesbikk and Tiszauijvaros.Theabove are mostly agriculturalsettlements. but there are also industrial-plants in the region (Tiszafijviros).The most importanttraffic road is main road No. 35.

More than 2/3rd of the area is ploughland.The lower flood plain of Saj6 is borderedby the remnants of the once contiguoussoft-wood woodlands.At the higher areas there are also oak-ash gallery-forests in patches. The forests mainly consist of young and mixed-age soft- and hard-wood species. In the area there are large patches of disturbedgrasses and pastures.

21 E1V-ER6TERVRt. E ERd TERV) PowerEngineering and Contractor Co.

According to preliminaryinvestigations and data collection,in the region of the projected power plant only the Doy castle of Girincs enjoys local protection,due to the trees in the park of the castle.

Near the site the followingareas are under protection(see Fig. MA3.-1):

- to N-E from the site of the projected power plant, at a distance of approx. 8 kIn, at the border of Kesznyet the Landscape Protection Region of Kesznyet

- to N-E from the site, at a distance of approx. 15 kan:the Tiszadob flood plain

to S-W from the plant site, at a distance of approx. 15 kIn, between Mez6csit and Tiszababolna: the Landscape Protection Region of BorsodFields

to the south from the projectedpower plant site, at a distance of approx. 15 k3n,close to Arokt6 village:the Foreshoreof Tiszacsege.

The areas under nature protectionin the region are shown in Fig. 116.4.

22 ETV-EROTERVRt. PowerEnglneering and ContractorCo.

1/4 CLIMATICCONDMONS OF THE SITE

For characterizing the climatic conditions of tfie site we have used the temperature, air humidity and precipitation measuring data of the civil meteorologicalstations of Tisza(zjvhfros,Miskolc and Nyiregyhbza,measured during30, resp. 60 years with a firquency of 8 times/tday,as well as the hourly data of wind and sunshine measurementsof the meteorological stations of Miskolcand Nyiregyhaza,measured during 35 years.

The climateof the area of Saj6sz6gedis moderatelywarm and rather dry with respect to the conditionscharacteristic to the country. The summer is colder than in the southern,resp. south-eastempart of the country, however,in mid- summer subtropical heat also may occur. Winter temperatures are very capricious,cold and dry periods change frequentlyto mild and rainy periods. The mean annualtenrperatre is about 9.6°C.

Temnerature

Fig 14.-1 Montihyaverage medium-, maximum and minimum temperaturesin the areaeof Saj!sed____

30,0 -_oi...... 25,0 - - - 20,0 .- _ . 15,0 10,0

c. 5,0 - - annual nediumtempeate 9.6!C .>7^ w00 -5,0 -10,0 -_...... __ . Jan Febr Mar Apr May Juue July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

23 EIV-ER6TERVRt. R dTERV PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

In the region the mean annual temperature is about 9.6°C (the mean annual temperaturein the country is 9.7°C). The warmest month is July (the mean temperatre in July is 20.4°C),the coldest one is Januay (-2.6°C).

The annual temperatureis characterizedby the great fluctuationin the mean temperatue value, i.e. the differencein the mean temperatureof the warmest and the coldest month. In case of Saj6szogedthis value is about 23°C, which means a great fluctuation.

PreciRitation

The climai.- of Saj6szbgedis drier than the average. It is well shown in Table X/4.-2that in the area of Saj6sz6gedthe precipitationis lower than the average value in the country.

Fig. 1/4.-2 Mout aveage predpiatio s in the region of Sajussigedcompared with the national average vales

so - 0 Saj& _ 70 * national 160 550 .40 .6 30 ~-20 10 0 Jan Febr Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

24 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. (ERd TER) Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

The annual precipitationin the area is about 538 mm (the mean value in the country is 600 mm). A part of winterprecipitation is snow, but, in comparison with the total amount of winterprecipitation, snow does not exceed 50-60%of the total amount.

The most rainy month is June, the mean precipitationin this month is 79 mm, the secondary maximum is in July (63 mm). The lowest amount of precipitationappears in January (30 mm). The highest amount of precipitation in the beginning of summer can be attributed to the more intensive cyclone activity (the summer monsoon occurring in the second half of May, resp. in June), and to the local geographical and hydrological conditions (the inunediate vicinity of the Saj6 river, and the affect of the frequentlyoccurring floods in spring - up to the end of May).

In the region of Saj6szbgedthe distributionof precipitationis very uneven, dry periods without rainfall occur very often, mainly in the summer period. The amount of precipitationshows great fluctuationsnot only during the year, but also year by year.

The distribution of rainy days is different from that of the amounts of precipitation,namely the highest number of rainy days are in December(14), then in May, June and November (13-13-13).

From spring up to autumn storms occur frequently,sometimes without rainfall, but mostly with abundant, shower-likerain, cloud-burstand hail. The stormy period lasts from April to October, the main season is from May to July, but it may occur in other seasons, too. In Hungary, the average number of stormy days is 20-30. In the region of Saj6sz6ged,in the flood plminof the Saj6 river extremely high number of storms can be expected due to frequent floods, in some years the number of stomnsmay exceedthe average even by 50-70%.

25 ElV-ERC5TERVRt. ER dJER V) PowerEngineering and ERTER V ContractorCo.

Air humidity

Air humidity is usually given in the relative air humidity value. Considering the annual rclativc air humiditythe highest values appear in December,while the lowest valuesappear in July.

Table I14.-1Monthly mean, maximum and minimum values of the relative air huidt( - - -- Months_I. 11. M. IV. V. VI. VX. III. ix. x. XI. XaI. medium 85 84 71 70 69 69 67 70 75 79 85 87 ax. 95 89 81 71 75 73 70 75 80 86 92 91 min. 70 71 55 55 52 _51 58 59 62 76 77

Fo

Fog is a very importantfactor in air pollution. The highest number of foggy days appearsin December,then in Novemberand February.

Table J14.-2Average number of foggydays January Febnrary | October Novenber December 6 6 3 5 7 9

26 ETV-ER5TERV Rt. EROTER Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

Wind

The region of Saj6szogedbelongs to the meteorologicalzones of strong air current. According to a medium annual wind velocity value, the air currents are generally stronger between December and March, while between August and October they are weaker.The most windy month is April, the most calm is September.According to the average monthly wind velocity data, higher wind velocities appear in late springand in the summer,respectively in winter.

In the region of Saj6szoged, in an annual review the most frequent wind directionis north (annual fiequency is 15.1%/6),the secondmost frequent wind direction is north-east (10.7% of the total wind occurrences), then south (10.1%). The frequencyof N-NE and N winds varies significantlyby seasons, but they are dominating during the whole year. The relative frequency of synopticwind velocitiesby seasonsis shown in Table I/4.-3.

In spring the dominating wind direction is norti (frequency: 12.5%), the second dominatingwind directionis north-east (10.4%). Strong winds (11-14 m:s) most frequentlyblow from north, fresh winds (7-10 m/s) also blow from north in the majorityof cases.

In summer the dominatingwind direction is north (frequency: 14.3%), the second dominating wind direction is north-east. Strong winds blow from north/north-east, east/north-eastand north, the dominating wind direction of fresh winds is north.

27 Spring Summer

N

Nzs..X1i _-5- E NW, NW, - 'NE 1VNW, NE

U..Wa . . EN E

iv * ,E

wSW\ _ -"SE SS'-, ' -'SE - ~~~~~~~siV'.;.-__--S S S

equency of calm periods: 10.5% Frequency of calm periods: 17.5%

Autunn Winter

N N NN`WV_-JO-P--NE N,V- _NE

,w , ;- ., N{t-ENE IN'VX ENE

S*-, S%%}v_, I.a SI;- r-E W,' a ' s ,SE SS -- _--* SS -ISE_-SE

S S

Frequency of calm periods: 18.2% Frequency of calm periods: 13.6%

Fig. 1W4.-3Relative frequency of svnoptic wind velocities according to wind directions (°) ETV-ER6TERVRt. Power Engineeringand (ER ER ContractorCo.

In autumn the dominating wind directionremains north (9.3%), the second dominating wind direction is north-east and south (both with the same frequency:8.9-8.9%), then follow the winds of south-westmdirection (8.6%). Strong winds blow from northem, north-eastern,western, north-westernand northern direction with the same frequency, in case of fresh winds the dominatingdirection is north.

In winter the dominating wind direction turns into south-west (frequency: 10.4%),the seconddominating wind directionis north-east (9.9%), then north and north-east. Stormy winds blow from north and north-east. Strong winds, in the majorityof cases, blow from north, north-east Fresh winds mostly blow fromnorth and north/north-east.

In the regionthere is no meteorologicalstation where the vertical temperature gradient is examined (there are only 13 such meteorological stations in the country). Therefore,the average occurrencefrequencies in the wind velocity and stability categoriesare same as the national average frequencies in Table 134-5(Bede-Gacs).

Table 1/4-3- Averageoccurrence frequencies by wind velocity and stability categories, % Stability Wind velocty category category 0,1 0,9 2,5 4,4 6,7 9,3 12,3 16 Total 1 0,3 1,7 1,5 0;2 0.1 0,0 0.0 0,0 3,8 2 0,3 2,2 2,2 0,5 0,1 0,0 0,0 0.0 5,3 3 0,5 3,5 3,9 1,1 0,2 0,1 0,0 0,0 9,3 4 0,4 4,3 5,6 2,2 0,6 0,1 0,0 0,0 13,2 5 0,4 5,9 9,1 4,6 1,6 0,4 0,1 0,0 22,1 6 0,5 7,2 14,6 10,1 5,2 1,7 0,4 0,1 39.8 7 0,0 0,9 2,9 1,9 0,7 0,1 0,0 0,0 6,5 Total 2,4 25,7 39,8 20,6 8.5 2.4 0.5 0,1 100

28 I ETV-EROTERVRt. (ER( JERV PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

1/S GEOLOGICAL, HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENT

1/5.1Geological conditions

Saj6szogedis locatedon the conmmontalus of the Saj6 and Hernad rivers. The general geologicalstructure of the investigatedarea is shown by the successive layers of Fig. I/5.1.-i. The forrn of the basin bed of the region looks like a "chess-table".Its materials are: sedimentary rocks and metamorphological slates.

In the Austrian Orogenicperiod the area have significantly sunk along the dislocationbelt formed in northerndirection from the crystallinesubstratum. and have given its place to the sea protruding from the north-eastern CarpathianMountains. Here, by fast and rhythmic sedimentation,thick (over 1000 m) magmatic formationshave accumulated, which have an Orogenic character,and which belong to the diabase group,which are in connectionwith the Cretaceous-Paleogenicflysch and with the deep furrows of the dislocation belt. Then formationsof a characterof Eocene and Oligoceneflysch. and tuff, tufite, and gray-red clay are shown in the successive layers. The Miocene formations settled on the Oligocene formations are of rhyolite tuff in a thicknessof 400-500 m. The composureis generally without layers or cross- layered, which means that they are dry or alluvial accumulations.The tuff is covered by lower Pannonian clay. clay marl, sand and sand stone, with thin browncoal-clay stripes at someplaces. The lower Pannonian,slightly salty sea sediments are of a thickness of about 1000 m along the Tisza river, and they become thinner in eastern direction. The lower Pannonian formations are covered by late Pannonianfreshwater-, lake- or marshy sediments (sand, clay, clay marl). In this composureseveral aquitard sand layers have formed. In the surface of the late Pamnoniansediments - possibly in conmectionwith the Romanian and the following younger Orogenic movements - a number of shallower-deeper basins bave fonned, which have been filled with alluvial deposits and unified with the separating hilltopsby the end of the Pleistocene epoch.

29 * sEAq_ -S__ _- CiUe 5 _ ^ faimatim a E~~~~~~~~|E~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ sn¶J Isaeq^dI iI LI i-

E -. w^ -----lor G .m .Ig..dg;-- W.h<.ddu~~~~~~~~~~- .uh.dadia _ I) d!r._w..~ - .- =- i.; day

FFIrrq~~ 1DI

mn- -. si .Y , 2 W d ' D A2 {rI _--_ -_

* mhedmy,le * _____ - - ___ w B Ae^,^ ^now, owman.

* A a y.tan

Aiahda _ - - _ _1 _ (- 9 Aft1CAm e day C4.gNs u r =J]r alt barneydi ., am.a Alkib hos Aaieink dwhliw.md

* 1 _ 3W rdoadd.uaiI.. hem ml .e

cbmiom ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .(ftuamI)

SWih i. W. om

fJSaudy hem S emddmd and

* 2 Fh.~dda4y quicksa 8 ! ]gQick .d 'EJ Q_d *2 Rwaik a mIaE

RivemI

X*DduviaL Rimsk alw-id day ompw * Navlw day

* 3Ri=J ''ORivers ntd * js j Ele m D.hvi..La-Wvlday

* SipuefJglboik d Gisee go c al*lsufd structure i ofthtg ae

" ~~~~~~~~~General geologled structhre of thie Inrd area ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineerng and ER TER ContractorCo.

The coarse alluvial deposits filling the quickly sinking area of the Lowlandis called the talus of the Saj6-Hernadrivers in the literature.The thicknessof the Quaternary layers varies between 40 and 350 m, it is demonstratedby the geologicalsection shown in Fig. I/5.1.-2. The largest part of this region is the area surrounded by settlements Tiszadob-Em6d-Mez6keresztes-Egyek- Balmazijvaros-Tiszadob. The whole talus - according to literature - has a surface of 1,250sq.kmn. Its averagethickness is 100 mnThe greatest thickness is 300 m at Polgar, in Tiszaujvarosit is 200 m accordingto the data of the local thermal water well. The talus in the region has been investigatedup to a depth of 110I, we have the data of the successivelayers of this depth.

The Tisza river - according to the data of the literature - appeared in the ancientHolocene epoch, i.e. approx. 15-20thousand years ago (at the very end of the formationof the gravel bench) and disposed its drift during floods. Its bed has cut into the gravel bench where the water disposed fine-grain silty sand flour. The river bed follows the direction of the nearby SW-NE frrow. The structure of the successive layers of deposits is like a sandwich. In the research borings we can find all grain fractures, from coarse gravel to alluvial clay. In many cases, the specific layers of the same soil-physical characteristicsmay protrudeeven within a distance of 50-100 m. The shallow geologicalstructure of the Tisza-Saj6delta is shown in Fig. IIS.1.-3.

In the area of the Lowland, at the end of the Pleistocene epoch significant quick sand and loess formationhad taken place, which had an influenceon the whole area. However, a part of the alluvial sand had transformed into quick sand had covered large areas. The gravel, sand and flood plain clay of deeper basins repeat themselves rhythmically, according to the sinking periods and the climatic cyclesinfluencing ablation and filling.

30 North-West Tiszadjviros m, ASL tbdpel;l SJaszaged Paolqdr Cdrbehdaa Iaold6b5s5rninu Debrecen Alsolsoleo I SoJohadvug I I I ASI too

10~ ~ ~ ~ O L~..* * * * ..

io a 4.%~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 'O~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C t_ /E SI 11 l o* ,1 ' ~ ' ' ' L .. £ Z . i j j

20.-200 -200~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-0 I Sandygravel, gravely sand 6 Silt 2 Coarse-grainsand 7 Border 3 Medium-grain of the Pannonianand Pleistocenefonuations sand a Borderof the "Levantan" 4 Fine-grainsand 9 and Pleistoceneroniianions 4 Fioe-grains as d Borderorthe lowerand mediumPleistocene ronrntions 5 Loess, 10 Borderof lthemedium and latePleistocene fomiations

Fig.1/5.1.-2 Geologicalprotile of the Quaternary layers delta botveen the Tisza-Saj6 and Debrecen (Prepared by J. Urbanchek,1960) North-West Siouth-East m, oversea level m. over sealevel 100 Soj6brbs TiszopolkonU° PalIgo,r rn1 o.e e0l0e

s0 a ao

7~~~~~70 a 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7 _. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...... O~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 70 w . . . . . S o s 2 3 4 s~~~~~~~~~~km m 23 3 4 4 2. r~~~~~~~~~~mFTT.m E 6 - fE E6 R

5 Silt 2 1. Sandy gravel, 6 Clayeysilt 3 2. Coarse sand, o 7 Clay 3 Silty sand, 8 Rocky clay 4 Clayey sand,

'-C. 0. 4. Tiszopolkonuo 95.4 m.ASL

2 brownish-yellowishclay 3~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 4i______DgoDso Dio

]~~ ~~~~~~~~ 1--.. .: lll

light-brown sandy gravel - . 7~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

9.~~~~~~~~~~~*C

10.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Igray clayll * gaygravely sand I

gray gravely sandI

13

Fig. 1/5.1.4 Structure and granulometric composition of the soil and the shallow layers ETV-EROSTERVRt. RER V Power Engineerng and ContractorCo.

From the data of the shallow research borings drilled in the area of Tiszaujvaros,close to Sajoszoged,we can get a clear picture on the structure of the soil layer and the shallow layers and their granulometriccomposition. The mean characteristicvalues of the granulometriccomposition are shown in Fig. I/5.1. 4.

1/5.2Hydrogeological conditions

From the point of view of water supply, the most important water resourceof the area is the talus of the Saj6 river. The water volume stored in the full composure of the talus can be considered as a uniformnwater system, one single water mass, which meansthe water resourceof the talus at any tapping point (at any level). The total volume of water containedin the gravelbench is estimated 5-6 cu.hn. The maximum water capacity which can be extracted without disturbingthe static balanceis 500,000cu.m/day.

The water resource of the talus has a supply from various sources. The most important supply is by precipitation. Groundwater which is in direct connection with the precipitation is close to the surface. According to the many years' data of the groundwater monitoring wells in Sajoars and Sajoszoged(VITUKI data base) the groundwater level is at 4-5 m under the ground level. Groundwater level depends mainly on the amount of precipitation,its annual periodsfollow the annual periods of precipitation,with an adequate delay.

The Tisza river which crosses the talus supplies with water the gravel bench primarily at high stages, as it is shown by the stage records dispiayed in Fig. 1/5.2-1.At low stages the Tisza river has a tapping impact on the gravel bench. The supply value of tie Tisza river, based on several measuringresult series, is 100-110 Vs/km.

In the form of deep water flows, the water resource of the gravel bench also has a supply from the Build mountain and the Taktakoz and Szerencs hill country. Thus, it becomes clear, that deep waters flow towards the Tisza valley.

31 Height of the water head

m, BSL

93.0 A

92.01

91.0 * ' A Jv~~~~II, IA '90.0 A\.

vD~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

-o Working water level of well IX, Municipal WaterWorks of Tiszaujvhros Staticwater level or well IX, MunicipalWater Works of Tiszaujviros High stage of Tisza at Tiszapalkonya A . - - Mediumstage of Tisza at Tiszapalkonya - 1.I6,C D. m iu v. Vvi v vm.N X. xi x1. D ti v. VL v viv .IX.X x.. x i. i iL V !xXxX! Timn 1987| 19Q 3 1989 l ETV-EROTERVRt. ER( d TER V ) PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

The same holds for the groundwater flow, since groundwater cannot be separatedin the gravel bench. The regional flow directionsof groundwaterare shown by Fig. I/5.2.-2. In the environmentof the project groundwaterflow (and also the contamination)has a northerr!south-easten direction.However, flow conditionsare significantlyinfluenced by the cunrentstage of the rivers and also by precipitation.

32 ETV-EROTERVRt. (~ER TE 1( Power Engineering and ContractorCo.

116SELECTiON OF THE AREAS TO BE INVESTIGATED

The areas to be investigatedfor the existing environmentalstatus and for the impacts of the operation of the projectedpower plant have been selected and presented separately, according to the enviromnental elements and the investmentphases (see Table 1/6.-I and Figs. 116.-1,-2, -3, 4, -5).

Table 1/6.-4- Display of the investigated areas according to environmental elements and investment phases Environmental I_nvestigated area element resp. During the assessment Duringthe During operation impact of the basic status construction groundwater Subsurface waters monitoringwells in plant site plant site the area (Saj6sz6ged, Tiszaijvaros) sectionsof the Tisza Surface waters and Saj6rivers in the plant site plant site region Geology, soil borings in the immediatevicinity of plant site plant site the site Local measuring Air points of the Institute of B.A.Z. Countryof immediatevicinity the environment ANTSZ and the of the plant and the within 5 kan measuringpoints of transportationroutes distance around the the National power plant - ImnAission MonitoringNetwork in Tiszaiijvaros . the environment immediatevicinity the environment Flora and fauna within 5 kandistance of the plant and the within 5 km aroundthe power transportationroutes distance around the plant power plant the environmentof the environmentof the environmentof Noise the sub-stationand the power plant and the power plant and the closest residential the transportation the transportation buildings routes routes

33 I~~ , - -

I p~~~~~~~~~~~

mm~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~m E [I Tf1 -:S

If ______X_____

mmXE n_ ; t I Legend

Projectedpower plant

//iv Location of the borings

Existingplant site

Prgj - M hecteddpow

a 6 '1~~~~~~~~~~~~~a

Fig. I/6-4 Map of thse investigated areas - Soil and subsulrface wvaters 40 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ *

a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~s

OF~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I

N. ** cmdft~~~~ L~~~~~~~

Ad I.A t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I - .

[Agend~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* :IL Sufface watef (low~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I Waterquality~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Sa~zOu measuring slation~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ a "~~ ~t_l ~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t' ;* S ; * e;X *

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*I ......

Jr~ ~~AII;;.: ~* **~,**

I!oIsS .

no1 S Legend

point - 0 ~~Immissionmeasuring

Possible transportation route

The impact areaof the power plant air quality ' ;'m£'~" \ from the point of view of

* Hejimluta -~~~~~~~~~O

sf-' :~~~~~~~A X4kKJ,7 Legend

,#;( Immission measuring point

Possibletransportation route

\ O The impactarea of the powerplant \1 i) g \ Y wi l, *'''''F-/e'§KX

\ ~~~~~~from thepoint of viewof aiTquality t i XK \!sex lOi wX

fti

L.... r i~~~~~~~~~ | * 4I ! I tI I .i I , em

*0~ ~ ~

~4- ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1|

I /J A I t 11->L1 K/Y\A

Noisemeasufing sufface

PossibleIrrnpoftation woute

Impact :rea of the power plant | \ _romthepointofviewornoise A

...... t& . ; :a r a. | I

> ,sw s / st4' ,9H~I t=;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0X A. .. . I x 1; t@s // .o / / o//s tst S > wJ7 s *9~~~~~~~~ ~\/ * -- @-Zs' \ 's / , /,r,,,/ /;lf ' AS*^ }\ . /Xf ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~s. '/*.Bs /o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I.,*,

.00~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I

.* /_w 9,', 'ege

ProJectedplant site Lentigation areaduring the 4 r - _

.- o Iocatlon of the borings smentof the cuffent status, et - Suffacewater low I theimpact area ofthe powerfW\ ' K ; -R.tPN>°tj O 1 \ \Water quality fromthe point of viewofair *j. 2 ,.., mcasuring station ty and the flora and fauna_ . - | Immissionmeasuring point Noise measuringsuriace I I - - * - It : \ \Possibletransponatlon route Theimpact area of thepower plant |K : \ _ Protectedarea fromth,i nn'infrs;.... if - _ I ETV-EROTERVRt. T RV ~~~~~~~~~~PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

1/7 STATUS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS AND SYSTlEMS

I/7.1 Status of waters

I1/7.1.1Subsurface waters

The data of groundwater monitoring well No. 593 of VITUKI. located in Sajoszoged,are the following:

Altitude: 96.19 ASL Annual low water (KV): 92.79 ASL Annual high water (NV): 95.71ASL Annual medium water (KOV): 94.01 ASL Highest water (LVN): 95.75 ASL (March 1966) Lowest water (LKV): 92.05 ASL (September 1974)

High water is characteristicto May-June, while low water is characteristic to December-January,the annual water level fluctuation is 1.5 m on the average. Fig. I/7.1.1.-4 shows the annual water level data of the above mentioned VITUKI well No. 593 and 4_TIF0 wells (Tiszai'jvaros)(VITUKI data base).

During the exploration of the contamination in the area of TVK Rt. several wells were drilled, in which groundwater levels were measured. The measuring results show, that groundwater has an expanded surface, i.e. the water level settles in the clayey cover layer. Water level measurementsbased on the above measuring results show, that within the regional NW-SE flows there are some local deviations,but these change flow conditionsonly in some 10 resp. 100 m size areas.

34 in, ASL Monthlymedium stages

?6.0 -

'- 940 ;

93,0

T VWellNo. I WellNo. 2 ______- Well No.4

3. co L IV. v. VL Vl! Vll :X. X. x;. X. Timne ETV-EROTERVRt. (ER d TE Power Engineerng and Contractor Co.

The quality of the subsurface waters in the area are characterized by a relatively low pH value and high lime-aggressivecarbon-dioxide contents. Their manganese contents is over the limit value specified by the standard specifications,their iron contentsis about the permissiblelimit value.

The quality of subsurface waters in the immediate vicinity of the projected power plant shall be dealt with again in section 1/7.2, when we present the results of soil investigations.

I/7.1.2 Surface waters

In the vicin!tv of the projected power plant there are no surface waters, however, tne area belongs to the region endangered by the floods of the Sajo and Tisza rivers. The location of the flood plains is shown in Fig. 1I7.1.2.-4. The section of cheTisza river shown in the figure is 62 kn long, it has a water supply only from the right side: from the Saj6 and Hejo rivers, from the Rig6si main canal and the Sulymosimain canal. The left side of the small region is in contact with the water resource of Kiraly-brook and Als6selypes-brookwhich join the Hortobagy-Beretty6rivers. The area is dry, with few run off. Fishing lakes and irrigationcanals can also be found within the boundaries of the area. On both sides of the Tisza river flood protection dams were built as a part of the river control. Approx. 55-65%of the area fall under flood level. The foreshore of Tisza has been built in a width of 1-4 kan along the river in order to drain floods. The relevant hydrological data are shown in Table 117.1.2.

Table lJ7.1.2-1 Summary of the hydrolo2 cal data in the area of SaJ6sz6ied Water flow Small water Medium water High water (catchmentarea) yield, m3/s yield, m3 /s yield, m3/s Tisza, (62723 klnz) 90 550 3100 Saj6, (12708 k 60 550

35 - -MLSKOLC]--] ?

_~~~ * _ *dZ>tv..s: ' _

*- . sREDi" T0ID IJ - 'r r

urlr ' ->_

-l ~ ~ ~ -

Fiat gradetraining bank

* . 1% diked marches * 1~~~~~~~~~~~Mediked marshes

-I %~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~) Borderofdanmming

C6~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~- Emergency reservoirs

X* ------mpLocal dams (mare danms) - - - Dams against stummer flood (more i-mrt U.. dams) I, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Gcqrsror as (o as ET-V-EROTERVRt. (ERd TER V ) Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

The length of canals draining inland waters is approx. 230 km, eight pump plants pump their water into the Tisza when flood comes. The foreshore of Tisza is everywhereseparated by dams. The small region has 13 lakes. 9 of them are backwatersof the Tisza with a total water surface of 128 ha. two of them are natural lakes with a total surface water of 3.4 ha. and there are two fishing lakes at Tiszakesziand Tiszafiired(48 and 75 ha).

In the Taktak6z there arc no communal drinking water wells. The highest water consumption is in Tiszau3jvaros,shore-filtered drinking water is produced in 12 water works. In this area the water resourcesare endangeredby s ,rface contamination.With regard to the future water use, the area of the Tisza-SaJ6junction has a regional importance(shore filtering, groundwater), since this area has only a partial protection against contamination.due to it geologicalstructure.

Quality of the surface waters

In the region of the investigatedarea, the water quality of the Tisza river is characterizedby the data of the sampling place in the Tisza-Polgar section (498.5river kmn)of the official measuring network. The water quality at the sampling place is detennined partly by the river section over the sampling place, and partly by the water quality of the Saj6 river. In our opinion and according to experience, the right solution for the problem is. when we compare the measuringresults of the above mentionedTisza river section with those of the Saj6-Kesznyetenriver section (10.4 river km).

The measuringresults of 1994together with the standard water quality classes (HungarianStandard Specifications MSZ 12749)are show in Tables inl.1.2.-2 and I17.1.2.-3(VITUKI data base).

36 Table 1/7.12.-2.- Qualification according to Hungarisn Standard Specification MSZ 12749 08FFIS 10: Saj6 10.4:Kesznyeten Qualified period:01.01.'94. - 31.12.'94. ComponLls n min. max. avemne diwersion DiM 90% 95. Clas Grasp A: OiypU up* - OmIV. Disslved oe. mSgI 52 5.70 12.20 3.73 1.740 0.1995 6.2b 5.92 1. Op.. 1at. % 52 b0.2 104.3 K0.5 9.2t 0.114.t 70.0 62.7 Ill. Ilieeh.)Lx.D0s.-5 mpA 52 2.1 10.2 6.2 1.19 0.3030 A4 9.1 l11. C11mu.Oi.Den..e. n6A 52 2.9 10.7 5.2 13J 0.2659 62 7.5 II. Chcm.Aa.rDEsuje mg/l 52 10 37 1a 4.7 0.2374 22 23 I1 *ronicimy mI 0 - - -o S{Mlnlehueck)ind 52 1.73 3.29 2.3.1 0.399 0.1717 2.92 3.19 n. Ct Ih NutTIenIspply - Clm IV. N114-N m&I4 52 0.06 1.79 0.63 0.507 0.3110 1.46 1.63 IV N02-N mgIl 52 0.040 0.407 0.115 0.0743 0.6437 0.135 0.253 IV. W03-N mguA 52 0.97 3.9S 2.43 0.555 0.2241 3.07 3.40 it. P04-P pffi4 52 59 522 239 993 0.4141 364 S31 IV. Total r pgA 52 130 670 361 102.7 0.2341 412 542 IV. chlofphInwI psA 52 O IS3.2 22.6 21.97 1.2302 52.6 56.1 nv. Croup C. M krsl parmm - Clan V. Colirorm i/ml 6 40.0 6000.0 1923 * . V. Group DaOrlple and lmrmldc mkrepot-Cla-a V. Oil jIZI IS 10 200 91 56.9 0.6242 152 164 IV. Phenols pWA I3 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 1. ANI4A crfa MAl 52 9 116 35 20.1 0.5703 70 1. Al((diolvcd) Ail 10 32 1310 3i3 361.1 0.9633 522 916 V. An (disolved) "Al 4 0.0 3.0 2.0 - - - - 1. H (dissolvedl POg 5 120 160 133 - - - IL

CN(lulal) PS 5 ° ° ° - CN (fice) pgAI 0 - Zn (diolved) pg4 10 30 142 65 40.1 0.6173 132 237 IV. Hg(disolved) Wgll 10 0.00 0.10 0.04 0.032 0.395 0.06 0.08 1. Cd(dissIved) POg1 10 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.16 1.7724 0.2 OA L Cc(disolved) W9l 10 02 33 1.7 1.14 0.6935 3.0 3.2 1. C_-VI pgA 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - - 1. Ni (dinolved) MA 10 0.0 4.0 1.6 1.49 0.9233 3.0 3.5 1. il (dissolved) Pgil 10 0.0 16.0 4.3 6.17 1.4313 12.0 14. IU Cu(dusolved) pjgl 10 2.0 12.6 6.1 330 0.5379 9.2 0.9 II. Renzopyrcne MAE I 0.005 0.005 0.005 - - - 1. Chlooronu *I%A 2 0.5 0.6 0.6 - . - - . Cd14 w1 3 0.3 2.0 1.6 - IL-11 Trichloro-cthylrnc p&l 2 0.1 0.2 0.2 - - - * . Ternchlono-ah. RA 2 0.1 0.1 0.1 - - - - . Lindanc PO 0 - Malalian jg/ I 0.1 0.1 0. I 2.4-1) Pog a . - . . . MCeA pigAI 0 . - - - - - Ahiinit Pk j 2 0.1 0.7 0.4 - - - - 2L PC(J11 0l ------Ncut.hloot. WA a - ITtal P. lIqI I11 0.10 0.23 0.17 0.044 0.2W00 0.22 0.23 11 C's137 I412 0 - - - - .SI-9tl 11/1ll 0 - . . - . - mIunm lIe1 U ------Group E: Othwr psernetrn- Claes IV. pi I"liaSr) 52 7.52 X.lo 7.11 (0.111 0.0230 3.0 R.10 11 CaMInul1wvty pSkuIm 52 321 312 st0 1319.1 0.2061 hShi 711 11 IN~>lvcclFc mg/I Irk 0.00 0.15 01u7 0.011 .5723 0.09 e112 1 Mn (h.wivad) mFA 12 0.00 ol A a.us, 0A1Us.t 0.14 0.34 IV

37 Table 117.1.2.-3.- Qualification according to Hungarian StansdardSpecification MSZ 12749 OSFF0410: Tisza, 498.3: Polgir, K6zfitihid Qualified period: 01.01.'94. - 31.12.'94. CG tOneS n mM. MM. avenu dismenio DIM 90% 95%; an:. Creep'As Ckyg.a supply - Clas DML Disolved ox. mI 26 4.40 14.00 9.75 23S4 0.2414 5.N8 4.79 it!. OJ. u. ;. 26 57.4 112.0 90.7 12.66 0.1396 69* 60.3 Ill. Iioch.O0.Dem.-S mgI 26 1.0 S.5 5.0 1.72 0.3402 7.3 t.I Ill. ClmA.Ox.Dem_e. mgIA 26 2.o 7.3 4.2 1.32 0.3101 6. 6.6 11. Cheu.Ox.Dem,e. n 20 tO 23 13 ;.2 0.2370 17 IS It. lroaeisy 0o - - - S(PlmilebuckWind 26 l.7 2.32 2.00 0.13S 0.0925 2.20 2.23 it. Grep ?eMarkolmpplyt - Chu Ul. N114-N mgiA 26 0.05 0.57 0.20 0.132 0.6545 0.35 0.44 I. N02-N mn4 26 0.012 0.049 0.031 0.0073 0.2330 0.039 0.042 Ill. N03-N me 26 0.12 2.15 1.26 0.527 04131 1.0 1.55 I. rOd-P ppI 26 0 91 34 24.6 0.7199 56 69 IL TOl r PgI 26 50 330 121 60.3 0.4"5 267 219 I1. ChlIobmhylI uEI 26 0.6 30.6 15.5 19.36 1.2502 26.8 5116 Il. Creup C MkIrfil parn - Cam IV. Colinnsm i.sm 20 7.0 1600.0 259.6 439.06 1.6916 460.0 i1oo.o IV. CGrep Di Orgaen mad lrpok o t-Cbm IV. Oil pgA 14 20 150 92 107.0 1.1612 106 212 IV. Peols PO/ 14 0 0 0 1. ANA.detgemts pg/I 26 1 51 15 l0.t 0.7367 24 31 1. Al (dissoled) p toI10 103 509 219 110* 0.5053 272 337 IV. As (disoled) 0 - - - R(diumlved) MAg 0 - - . - CPN(.ta) wpI 0 ------CN rns) PgO 0 - - Zn (disolved) POI 9 30 204 102 - IV.T Hg (dissolved) pgI 9 0.00 0.09 0.04 . . . L Cd(dissolved) plI 9 tO 0.5 0.2 - - 1. Cr(di wolvod) MA 9 tO 7. 1.9 - - - 1. Cf-VI PgO 3 OD 0.0 0.0 - - - Ni (dissolved) pgi 9 0.0 30.0 2.1 - - - - 1. Pb(dimlved) pll 9 0.0 140 3.4 . . . I Cu (disol ved) p/ 6 4.0 22. 10 - - - Baipyrne pI 0 - - - - - Chlowofont Pg/l 0° CC14 MA 0 . - - - - Tnfblo-bethylene Mg/ 0O Terachloneth. g 0 * - - - Lindane gI 0 - _ _ Maltion pg/I 0 - - 2.4-1) W:l 0O MCPA PO/I ° - - - - - AkhinitPk P/1 0

Pestachlnuof. I 0 - - - - Totl! P./I 14 0.07 0.19 0.12 0.031 0.2532 015 UI.l I Cs-I137 IkIA o0 . - - Xe.9O IhIA 0 - - . - Tntlm IkIA a - Croup E. Other paraemuen - Ch II. pII(IahIw) 26 7.4- 1.21 7.4 0.200 0.02.A4 11.12 KAIl 11 Cnnducuvity Pg.fCWm 20o 231 472 357 59.A 0.A675 42- 43J 1 DIhSolvedFc mg/I 10 o00 0.22 0.12 0.04 0.53511 019 0.21 11 Mn (Ola'IOvcI mg/I Io 0.0(0 0.12 U.04 O0.1. 011l42 00 0.10 11

38 ETV-ER6TERVRt. EnergetikaiTervez8 6s V.iIaIkoz6R6s7v6nyth!masag

0

->7 ASoj6 - Kesznyeeen

60-1

200<

1973 75 80 85 90 92 > Year

Fig. 117.1.2.-2Yearly average KOId values and linear trends on Saj6-Kesznyeten and in the Tisza-Polgar section 10,0-

|9,0- Sojo- Kesznyiten

8*0

610

Tisza- P-l ,r

1973 75 80 A5 90 97 Year Fig.In.i.2.-3 Annual average values of ammonium and linear trends on Sajo- Kesznyeten snd in the Tis.a-Polgar section 200 .

so 180 Soj6-KesrIyiten

Ca' 20 - A-a

l0

t00- 1'0 JIO -

620-

19, 340-9 - ~58 Tizo-Pog

20

0 1973 75 80 85 90 92 > Year

Fig. 1/7.1.2.-4 Yearly average values of total hardness and and linear trends on Saj6 -KesznyRten and in the Tisza-Polgar section ETV-EROTERVRt. TER oV )TER Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

Based on the comprehensivequalification of the groups of components the differencein the water quality between the Tisza-Polgarand Saj6-Kesznyeten river sections becc;ne: evident. The water quality of the Saj6 river shows worst results in all respects than that than of the Tisza river. The changes which have taken place during the past 20 years are demonstrated in a graphicalform in Figs. IJ7.1.2.-2,-3 and -4 based on the mean annual values of KOld. the ammonium-ionand the total hardness, as well as on the basis of the linear trend lines between the data of 1973-1982 and 1983-1992. The improvementof the water quality taking place in the second period in the case of all the three componentsis clearly shown in the figures.

The water of qualityclass V. of the SaJ6 river (which is contaminatedwith the waste waters of Miskolc and the industrialplants located in the upper section of the river, and due to the industrialcontamination originating from Slovakia) has an unfavorable impact on the water quality of the Tisza along this river section.

I17.2Soil investigations

In the area of the projected power plant soil and groundwater investigations have been perforned in order to survey the current status and to asses the possible existing contamination.When marking out the place of the borings, we were striving for the comprehensiveassessment of the area, taking into considerationthe potential contaminationsources. The location of the borings are shown in Fig. 1/6.-1. Based on the soil-mechanical investigationof the borings it can be stated, that, in the borings medium- and coarse grain gravel is found under a yellow clay and sand cover layer (see successivelayers in Fig. I17.2.-1).

Taking into considerationthe materials as potential contaminationcarriers, the soil and groundwater samples taken from the borings have been submitted to the followinganalyses: - groundwater analysis: metals, TPH (aliphatic hydrocarbons).general water analysis - soil analysis: TPH

39 U

Co

- Q~~~~~~~~~-

I IA I______-

:!- Vt~..** O o _ ; s;'j m _s . .* .... '*' - '''--;* -'

.2~~ I Us, en

~~~~~~~I

I

_-I

0~~~~~~~~u

vfi O.

0~~~~ I

, ~~~~~~~I

_ -____-* .- ______s*

Fig. I172.-1 Successivrelayers inlthe boring. ETV-ER6TERV Rt. RA TE V Power Engineerng and ContractorCo.

The analyticalresults of the general water analysis of the groundwatersamples taken in the investigatedarea are shown in Table 1)7.2.-i. Bold figuresare the analytical results exceeding the permissible concentrations specified by Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ 450/1-1989 on drinking water quality.

Table I/7.2.-1 General_chemic paramaters of the ndwater Sample Sample Sample Limit value Sign of the sample No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 according to MSZ 450/1 pH 7.55 7.62 7.75 6.8-8.5 conductivity PiS/cm 774 905 877 1600 KOD mg/l 3.1 1.90 1.30 3.5 Chloride mg/l 17 15 21 100 Fluoride mg/l <0-02 <0.02 <0.02 1.7 Nitrite mg/I 0.10 0.05 0.03 0.3 Nitrate mg/I 3.7 15.6 8.2 40 Ammonium mg/l 0.19 0.16 0.09 0.2 Sulfate mg/I 123 165 149 300 Phosphate mg/I <1.5 <1.5 <1.5 5 Iron mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 1.0 Manganese mg/l 0.882 0.893 0.551 0.5 Sodium mgtl 17.6 16.9 25.1 200 Potassium mg/l 2.8 2.2 3.1 Calcium mg/l 61.3 72.9 55.8 Magnesium mg/l 75.4 83.4 81.7

40 ETV-EROTERVRt. fER dV) TER Power Engineerng and Contractor Co.

Comparingthe measuringresults with the relevant limit values it can be stated, that, with respectthe general chemical parameterof the groundwater,only the manganese concentration exceeds the permissible limit value for drinking water, which is characteristicto the subsurfacewaters of the region.

The analytical results of the toxic metals, together with the relevant limit values are shown in Table 1/7.2.-2.

______Table I17.2.-2 Metasi in the sroundwater ______Sign of the Limit value sample 1. 2. 3. Detection limit value according to MSZ 450/1-1989 mg/I mg/i mgl mg/l mg/I Al n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.05 0.2 As n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.010 0.05 B 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.012 5 Ba 0.056 0.076 0.047 0.002 I Be n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.002 Cd n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.0002 0.005 Co n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.006 Cr n.d. n.d. 0.02 0.01 0.05 Cu n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.004 1.0 Hg n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.0005 0.001 Ni n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.02 Pb n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.002 0.05 Sr 0.289 0.355 0.279 0.002 V n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.004 Zn n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.008 1.0 n.d. - non-detectable

41 ETV-ER6TERVRt. (ERd TER V ) PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

Based on the analytical results it can be stated, that the majority of heavy metals is not detectablein the groundwatersamples, only some of them appear in traces,but their concentrationnever exceeds the permissiblevalue specified in the relevant standard specifications, and thus the groundwater can be consideredclean.

For reasons due to the technology applied in the existing transformer plant close to the area of the projected power plant, the soil possibly may contaminatewith oil derivatives.Table I/7.2.-3 shows the analyticalresults of TPH in the groundwater.The analytical results have been compared with the limit values specified in Hungarian Standard SpecificationsMSZ 450/1-1989 and with those of the Dutch "C" List (Dutch standard specificationsfor soil contamination).

The values below the limit values of Dutch "A" List are not considered contamination, while the concentrations exceeding the limit values of the Dutch "C" List require direct measures: the earliest localization and eliminationof the contamination.

Table 1/7.2.-3 - TPH in the groundwater Limit value Limit value Sample TPH according to according to Dutch 9g/l MSZ 450/1-1989 ,.A" (,,C") List 1. 52.4 100 50 (600) 2. 610 100 50 (600) 3. 424 100 50 (600)

Based on the measuringresults it can be stated, that TPH concentrationsin the groundwater samples taken from borings No. 2 and 3. exceed both the permissiblevalues of the Hungarianstandard specificationsfor drinking water and the limit values of the Dutch "A" List, and the concentrations of the samples of boring No. exceed event the limit values of the Dutch "C" List. which require interaction.

42 ,,

ETV-ER6TERVRt. (ERo TER V ) PowerEngineedng and ContractorCo.

We have performedseparate TPH tests of the soil samples taken fiom the three borings, from various depths.The analyticalresults are shown in Table I17.2.- 4. The analyticalresults have been comparedwith the values of the Dutch "C' List, since there are no Hungarian standard specifications for soil contamination.

Table 1/7.2.4 - TPH in the soil TPH Limit value according to Sample mg/kg Dutch "A" (,,C") List 1/0.2m 18.4 50 (5000) 1/2.3m 7.0 50 (5000) 1/4.5 m 4.6 50 (5000) 1/5.0 m 4.0 50 (5000) 1/5.5 m <1.0 50 (5000) 2/0.2 m 36.0 50 (5000) 212.5 mi 1.3 50 (5000) 2/4.5 m 2.1 50 (5000) 2/5.0 m 2.5 50 (5000) 2/5.5 m 4.1 50 (5000) 3/0.2 m 9.9 50 (5000) 3/2.5 m 2.0 50 (5000) 3/4.3 m 1.6 50 (5000) 3/4.8 m 1.0 50 (5000) 3/5.3 m <1.0 50 (5000)

From the measuring results it can be stated, that the soil can be considered clean froin the point of view of aliphatic hydrocarbon (TPH) contamination., mineral oil derivativescan only be found in traces.

43 ETV-EROTERVRt. ER TTERV Power Engineeringand Contractor Co.

IJ73Air quality

In this section we describe nitrogen-dioxide, sulfur-dioxide and flue dust concentrations in the ambient air on the basis of the measurements of the Institute of Borsod-Abaiij-Zempl6nCounty of ANTSZ(National Public Health and Medical Officer's Service) in February-March 1996, and those of the National Immission Measuring Network in the heating period of 1995 in Tiszaujvaros.

The Institute has four air sampling device Type Letronik 8 in the following places:

1. RegionalPrimary School, Saj6szoged,Ady E. u. 20. 2. NurseryHome of Hejobaba,Sz6chenyi u. 94. 3. Mayor'sOffice, Nemesbikk,Pet6fi u. 5. 4. PrimarySchool of Hej6pap, Templomu. 1.

NO2 concentrationshave been determined according to Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ-44-77,while S02 concentrationshave been determined accordingto Hungarian StandardSpecifications MSZ-/33-84.

In addition, in the area of the Regional Primary School of Sajoszoged a dust sampling device was establishedin order to determinethe concentrationof the large quantitiesof flue dust in the air. Sarapleswere taken once in a week. The concentrations have been determined according to Hungarian Standard SpecificationsMSZ 21454/2-83.

The measurementsshall be continued by the Institute of B.A.Z. County of ANTSZ in April and May.

Based on the preliminary agreement with the EnvironmentalInspectorate no measurementsof settling dust have been performed,since the projected power plant shall have no significant emissionsof solid particles.

44 ETV.ER6TERV Rt. f ER Yo TER Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

The measuring results of February-March 1996 are summarized in Tables 1J73.-1, -2, -3, 4 and -5 and demonstratedin Figs. in73.-i, -2. The results of the measurementsperforned in TiszauijvArosare shown in Table I/7.3-6.

Table 117.3.- - 24-hour nitrogen-dioxide concentrations measured in February

______1996 in the region of Smjskizi,ed Date NO2 concentration,pgfrn Saj6szoged Hej6bfiba Nemesbikk Hej6papi 05. February. 1996. 9 29 40 25 07. 18 18 45 18 09. 10 13 26 16 11. 12 15 24 31 13. 20 18 34 27 15. 10 13 44 32 17. 9 12 22 28 19. 11 31 36 20 21. 5 25 38 37 23. 9 6 44 27 25. 9 6 29 20 27. 19 11 42 41 29. 22 37 60 27 Monthly average 12,5 18 37.2 26.8 24-hour limit value Mg/M3 85 Number of excess values 0 0 0 0 Air quality category code I I

45 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ERd7ERV PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

Table 1/73.-2 - 24-hournitrogen-dioxide concentrations measured in March 1996 in the region of Saf6szoged Date NO2 concentration, pg/m' Saj6szoged Hej5biba Nemesbik Hej6papi k 02. March 1996 18 16 43 33 04. 14 18 21 11 06. 28 30 27 24 08. 26 30 15 26 10. 10 10 24 13 12. 10 15 23 24 14. 18 8 33 25 16. 15 22 43 27 18. 26 58 36 20. 25 42 36 22. 21 36 31 24. 17 50 39 26. 33 23 33 28. 22 14 15 30. 5 20 32 Monthly average 19,2 18,7 33 27,1 24-hour limit value

Atg/m 3 85 Numberof excess values 0 0 0 0 Air qualitycategory code I I I I

46 ETV-EROTERVRt. ER TE Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

Table 117.3.-3- 24-hoursulfur-dioxide concentrations measured in February 1996 in the region of Saj6szuged Date NO2 concentration,pg/mr Saj6szoged Hejobaba Nemesbikk Hejopapi 06. February 1996 14 7 34 61 08. 10 8 11 31 10. 6 9 8 8 12. 35 90 14 113 14. 12 45 18 58 16. 11 55 22 72 18. 13 43 15 33 20. 26 48 29 34 22. 35 54 30 34 24. 41 34 40 39 26. 44 56 158 40 28. 37 63 22 44 Monthlyaverage 21,8 39,4 30,8 43,6 24-hour limit value

ig/r 3 150 Number of excess values 0 0 1 0 Air quality category code I 1 2

47 ETV-EROTERVRt. R TER V Power Engineedngand Contractor Co.

Table 1173A-4- 24-hour sulfur-dioxide concentrations measured in March 1996 in the region of Saj6sz6ged Date N02 concentration,_g/mv' Saj6szoged HejobAba 1Nemesbikk Hej5papi 01. March 1996 34 40 37 30 03. 26 43 50 33 05. 28 40 21 20 07. 35 39 26 22 09. 36 27 28 20 11. 32 30 24 15 13. 13 16 11 12 15. 9 17 20 14 17. 20 19 20 8 19. 13 9 24 21. 28 34 20 23. 20 11 38 25. 21 31 17 27. 10 22 19 29. 19 25 14 Monthly averge 22,9 23,3 22,7 21,3 24-hourlimit value jg/M3 150 Number of excess values 0 0 0 0 Air quality category code 1 1 I 1

48 oo

80

70

60

- Saj6szOged so0 - HejObib Nemesblkk 40 -\-ep . 40 A\ / { . _ . -Limit value

10

Date

Flg. 1/7.3.-4Changes In the N02 concentrationsIn February-March1996 In the regionof Sal6szbged 160

140*

120

100 -SieEe

s0 NenMe.kk Limit vluej 60 --

20~~~~~~~K

Date

Fig. [V7.3.-2Changes in the S02 concentrationsIn February-Mmrch1996 In the region of Saj6szBlged ETV-ERCOTERVRt. (ER JERT Vr PowerErngineering and ContractorCo.

Table I/73.-S Measurement of great volume fuel dust concentrations in Saj6sz8ged, in February-March 1996

Date Fuel dust, lg/m 3

05. Febrary 1996 42.0 12 90.7 19 21.41 26 21.56 04. March 1996 61.76 lE. 48.62 18. 42.6 25 50.8 Number of excess velues 0

Table I/73.-6 - NO2 and SO2 poBution data of Tiszaujvaros in the heating season of 1995

3 Average NO2 concentration, iggjm 28

Measurements of excess NO2 1.39 concentration, %

3 Average SO2 concentation, lig/m 22 c,

Measurements of excess SO2 0,82 - concentration, % Air quality category 2 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. (ER6 TER V PowerEngineedng and Contractor Co.

The traversesand the residual gallery forests along the Saj6 river are potential nesting places of birds of prey. The mapping of the nests and the breeding species is underway together with other species which have a value from the point of view of nature protection.We are also searchingfor the habitats in the environmentof the area which have a naturalvalue.

117.5Noise emission, current noise load of the area

The area surrounding the Saj6szoged sub-station is partly agricultural area, partly industrial area, and partly residential and administrative area of low building density. Main road No. 35 passes close to the area, the heavy traffic of which makes the environmentnoisy in day time.

The permissible noise load values (noise inunission) originating from the activities in the industrialplants (based on AttachmentNo. I to Decree No. 4/1984.(I.23.)EUM)are shown in Table I17.5.-1:

Table 1/7.5.-ILimit values of the noise load originating from the activities in the industrial pla ts LAeq, dB LAeq. dB Function of the area day-time night 600-2200 220o06oo Residentialand administrativearea of low building density 50 40 Industrialarea mixed with residential and administrativebuildings 60 50 where: LAeq is the permissibleequivalent sound pressure level A

51 Qt.

Projected facility X Sub-stationor Saj6szoged

* Noise measuring points

m=l :6000

Fig. In.5.4Location of the noisemeasuring points ETV-ER&TERVRt. (ER5 TERV Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

Consult-R Environment Development Partnership Company performed measurements to determine the noise emission of the sub-station of Saj6szoged. The measurements have been carried out on March 29, 1996 according to Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ-13-111-85and MSZ 18150/1-83. The location of the measuring points are shown in Fig. 1/7.5.-1. while the equivalent and noise emission sound pressure A- levels, the calculatednoise emission limit values and the ground noise values are shown in Table 117.5.-2.

The noise emission sound pressure level A at the measuring points shall be calculatedwith the following formula:

LAE=Aeq+KI +K 2 +K3

where:

LAeq is the equivalentsound pressurelevel A (dB) K1 is the correctiondue to ground noise (dB) K2 is the correctionrelating to impulsenoises (dB) K3 is the correctiondue to the narrow-bandcharacter of the noise (dB)

Reasonsof the day/nightnoise emissionlimit values of the table:

In the vicinity of the two border lines of the Saj6szogedsub-station there are no dwellinghouscs to be protected,thus the noise load limit values should not be complied with. On the measuring surfaces exposed at a distance of 10 m from these two border lines (measuring surface III - measuring points 3101- 3107, measuring surface IV - measuring points 4101-4103), according to Section 3.2 of Hungarian Standard SpecificationsMSZ-13-111-85, the highest value of the permissible noise emission limit value, i.e. 70 dB can be taken into accountas noise emission limit value.

52 Table 1/7.5-2/a. - Noise measuring results 1. No. of Locationof the measuring LAa LAa LAea LAea LKH LyHc -- LAE LAE measuring point day night day night day night day night point dB dB [dB dB dB dB dB dB 1101 eastem border of the site, 38 36 41 41 (63) 53 38 39 southern edge 1102 eastem border of the site 39 36 45 45 (63) 53 44 44 1103 eastem border of the site 38 36 41 40 (63) 53 38 39 1104 mainentrance 39 36 49 50 (63) 53 49 50 1105 eastem border of the site 39 36 48 47 (63) 53 47 47 1106 eastem border of the site, 39 36 45 44 (63) 53 44 43 northern edge 1201 officialquarter No.2 45 35 45* 38 60*** 50*** 35** 1301 officialquarter No.I 45 35 45* 38 60** 50*** 35** 1401 watchman's house 48 35 48* 39 50*** 40*** 37** 1501 drewellinghouse 49 35 49* 39 50*** 40*** _ 37** at Babai street 32 1502 drewellinghouse 49 35 49* 39 50*** 40* * 37** at Babai street 30 2101 northern border of the site, 39 36 45 44 (67) 57 44 43 eastern edge 2102 northern border of the site 38 36 46 45 (67) 57 45 44 2103 r n38 36 46 46 (67) 57 45 46 2104 northern border of the site 39 36 49 49 (67) 57 49 49 2105 northern border of the site, 39 36 55 54 (67) 57 55 54 westemrned-e

vFt,J Table 117.5-2/b.- Noise measurn.h results II. No.of Locationof the measuring LAa LAa LAea LAea LKH LKH LAE LAE measuring point day night day night day night day night point dB B dB dB dB dB dB dB 3101 western border of the site, 39 36 55 54 70 70 55 54 northernedge 3102 westernborder of the site 39 36 57 57 70 70 57 57 3103 westemborder ofthe site 39 36 55 55 70 70 55 55 3104 westernborder of the site 39 36 53 53 70 70 53 53 3105 westernborde. of the site 39 36 53 53 70 70 53 53 3106 westemborder of the site 39 36 49 48 70 70 49 48 3107 westem border of the site, 39 36 51 51 70 70 51 51 southernedge 4101 southemborder of the site, 39 36 51 51 70 70 51 51 wester edge 4102 southernborder of the site 39 36 42 40 70 70 39 38 4103 southemborder of the site, 38 36 41 41 70 70 38 39 easternedge - - Where: LAa- the equivalentsound pressure level A of the groundnoise LA,E- noiseemission sound pressure level A LAeq- equivalentsound pressure level A LKH- calculatednoise emission limit value * - resultantof the trafficnoise, the groundnoise and the noisemade by the sb-station,the noisemade by sub-station cannotbe determined ** - the referencesound pressure level A (LM,)deterrnined according to the HungarianStandard Specifications MSZ 181150/1-83 (Section 5.1.3.) - noiseload limit value ETV-EROTERVRt. ERdTERV PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

In the direction of measuringsurface I (measuringpoints 1101-1106),located at a distance of d=10 m from the border line of the site, at a distance of 500 and 900 m, in he direction of measuringsurface II (measuring points 2101 - 2105), located awa distance of d=10 m from the border line of the site, at a distance of 900 m there are dwelling houses to be protected. Thus the noise emissionlimit value should be determinedfor these two measuringsurfaces by calculationin a way, that the noise emission limit values should be complied with at a distance of 2 m from the facadeof the buildings.

In case of dwellinghouses to be protected,the noise emissionlimit value LKJH (dB) should be calculatedby the followingformula:

LKJ-1=LTH+KN+KR+KD where: LTH is the noise load (noise immission) limit value permissible in the envirommentof the plant, dB, which can be determinedfor the various parts of the environmentof the sub-stationtaking into considerationthe function of the specific area as indicated in Table 1/7.5.-i. In our case the function of the area to be taken into consideration is a residential and administrativearea of low buildingdensity. KN is the correction associatcd with the number of noise sources in the enviromnent(in our case 0 dB) KR is the correctionassociated with the echo (in our case 0 dB) KD is the correction associatedwith noise propagation.

The correctionassociated with noise propagationKD, in case of measuringthe permissible noise emission limit value in dB, should be calculated by the following formula (according to Section 3.3.4 of Hungarian Standard SpecificationsMSZ-13-111-85 ):

KD = L*AE- L*AM where: L*AE - is the noise emission sound pressure level A measured at the critical point of the measuringsurface, dB L*AM the highest standard sound pressure level A in the same direction, dB

55 ETV-ERCTERVRt. ER TER ~~~~~~~~~~PowerEngineeringand Contractor Co.

The standard sound pressure level A can be calculated by the following fonnula (accordingto HungarianStandard Specifications MSZ 18150/1-83):

LAM - LAeq + K1 + K2 + K3

Since, accordingto the measurements,the noise was not of a narrow-bandand it had not a pulsed character, (the correction value of K2 and K3 was zero), only the correction associatedwith ground noise (K1) had to be taken into consideration.

When making the calculationsfor measuringsurface I, KD (day) could not be calculated (since the standardsound pressure level A could not be determined due to the heavy traffic noise),we calculatedwith the night values. KD (night) = 15 dB for the official quarters,and KD (night) = 13 dB for dwelling houses of Baba street.

When making the calculationsfor measuring surface II - which is emitting noise only towardsthe dwellinghouses of Baba street -. KD (day) could not be calculated (since the standard sound pressure level A could not be determined due to the heavy traffic noise),we calculatedwith the night values.KD (night) = 17 dB for dwelling houses.

With the calculated KD values the noise emission limit values for measuring surface I are the following: - for the official quarters, in the day-time period: 75 dB(A) (the

-- permissible highest value is 70 dB(A)), during the night: 65 dB(A) on measuring surface I exposed at a distance of 10 m from the border of the site; - for dwelling houses of Baba street, in the day-time period: 63 dB(A), during the night: 53 dB(A) on measuringsurface I exposedat a distance of I 0 m from the border of the site.

56 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. ER TE Power Engineeringand Contrator Co.

In such cases, when evaluating noise emissions, the stricter emission values should be taken into consideration,i.e. 63 resp. 53 dB(A).

With the calculated KD values the noise emission limit values for measuring surface II (dwelling houses of Baba street) exposed at a distance of 10 m from the border of the site are, in the day-timeperiod: 67 dB(A), during the night: 57 dB(A).

At the time of the investigationsthe noise emission of the sub-station was approx. 80% of the maximum possible value.At this time all transformersand 5 cooling ventilators were operated. This can be considered normal working conditions.

Comparing LAE noise emission sound pressure levels A determined at the specific measuringpoints and the associated LKyjnoise emission limit values. we can state the following:

a) In the day-timeperiod (6 A.M. - 10 P.M.) the noise emitted by the sub- station was lower than the permissiblenoise emission limit values at the referencemeasuring points.The ground noise at the dwelling houses to be protectedwas higher than the noise load of the sub-station,and thus the measurementsat these points could not be evaluated. b) In the night period the ground noise in the environment of the sub- station was lower than that of the day-time period. On the measuring surfaces exposed at the border lines of the site no excess values were measured, the measured values were lower than the relevant noise emission limit values (53, 57 resp. 70 dB(A) ). The noise load value at the dwelling houses to be protected was max. 35 dB(A), below the limit vzlue.

57 ETV-EROTERVRt. R TERV ~~~~~~~~~PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

Current noise load caused by road traffic

Noise load limit values pennissible for newly designed or changed function areas, originatingfrom road traffic (based on AttachmentNo. 3 to Decree No. 4/1984.(1.23.)EfiM)areshown in Table I/7.5.-3.

Table I17.5.-3 A. B. Functionof the area day night day night LAeq Laeq LAeq LAeq dB dB dB dB Residentialand administrativearea of 55 45 60 50 low building density Industrialarea mixed with residential and administrativebuildings 65 55 65* 55*

Notes: A or.the roads of residentialareas and on roadswithout through-traffic B on coliection- and main traffic roads, along branching railway lines. in the environment of airports (used so'ely by propeller planes) and heliports. *'- The public health authority may pernit an excess of 5 dB, resp. 10 dB in exceptionalcases.

The limit values of noise load caused by road traffic,displayed in Table 1/7.5- 3, are only guiding values for the existing roads, their application is not mandatory.

The noise load values measured at the dwelling houses show, that the noise load caused by road traffic is below the guiding values

58 E1V-EROTERVRt. ER TERV Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

QUICK-START GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT OF SAJOSZOGED

(Secondary reserve)

DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY

PART II

THE PROJECTED ACTIVITY AND THE EXPECTED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

59 E1V-EROTERVRt. ( ERd TER V ) Power Engineeringand Contractor Co.

II/I DESCRIPTION OF THE OPERATION OF THE PROJECTED GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT

The gas turbine power plant is one of the technologiesof electric energy production processes which causes the least environmentalpollution. During its operation only airbome emissionsand noise mean a pollution load to the environment.

The decisive technologicalelement of the power plant is the gas turbine, which has three main parts: the compressor, the combustion chamber and the turbine. The compressor compressesthe suction air to the required pressure for combustion. The fuel is bumt by special burners. The turbine is rotated by the expansion of the high pressure and high temperatureflue gas discharging from the combustion chamber. Electricenergy is generatedby a generatorconnected to the turbine.

The generatingflue gas is dischargedto the open air through a stack. The gas turbine is mounted with a silencer both at the suctionside and at the stack.

The operationscheme and the axonometricview of the gas turbine is shown in Fig. 11/1.-i.while the view and the axonometricpicture of the container unit are shown in Fig. Il/I.-2.

During combustion at a high temperaturea part of the suction air and the nitrogen- containing compoundsof the fuel form nitrogen oxides. Their amount depends on the temperatureof the flame and on the time of residenceof the gases in the combustion chamber. The rate of nitrogen oxide generation can be kept on a low level by the proper fonnation of the combustionchamber, respectively by water injection.The fuel also contains some sulfur, in a very small quantity (max. 0.2%). During combustion this forms sulfur dioxide. The carbon monoxide and soot emission of the newest types of turbines is minimal.

60 ETV-EROTERVRl. EnergoetkiTervez6 ds Vdalkoz6 R6szv6nytirsas6g

High-pressurecompressor Low-pressurecompressor Combustionchamber High-pressureturbine Air flow Low-pressureturbine

Gas turbine

Fig. W11.-la - Operation scheme of the gas turbine

Fig. II/l.-i/b - Axonometric viewvof the gas turbine -t - (ERGTERV) EnergetikaiTervezd 6s V VbIIaIkoz6R6szv6nyt6rsasdg

Air filter

Generator Gear drive Gas turbine

Fig. II/1.-2/a - View of the gas turbine container unit

Fig. IIJ1.-2/b - Axonometric view of the gas turbine container unit ETV-ER65TERVRt. (ER TV PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

In the attachment to this study, as a reference, we present the emission values measured in the Kelenfdld PowerPlant, one of the Hungariangas turbine power plants.

In the present phase of planningneither the number of the requiredgas turbines has not been determined, nor the type has not been selected. Based on the received informal proposals we have selected one from among the possible types for demonstratingthe envirommentalimpacts of the projected power plant, which has the most unfavorable characteristicsfrom environmentalpoint of view.

The power plant shall have 100-120 MW capacity generated by one or two gas turbines.The most probable solution shall be a two-block facility, but the single-block version cannot be excluded either. During the investigation of the environmental impacts the most importantdifference between the two solutions is the analysis of the air pollution, since there is a significant difference between them with respect to immission.

During the investigationof the environmentalimpacts the highest possible capacity - 120 MW - shall be considered as a reference. The characteristicsof the power plant associated with this capacity (based on the received infornal proposals and the preliminary discussions with the potential suppliers) have changed as follows with -respectto the version presented in the preliminaryenvironmental impact study:

Type: not yet selected Capacity: 120 MW Efficiency: 40% Quantity: I or 2

61 EV-EROTERV Rt. (ERd TER V) PowerEngineering and Contractor Co.

Operation: Number of startings/year - average 10 - maximum 60 - minimum 5 Expected operationtime of one starting: 2 hours Sulfur contentof the projectedfuel: max. 0.2% Heatingvalue of the fuel: min. 41 000 kJ/kg Fuel consumption: 7.3 kg/s

Emitted flue gas: 365 kg/s, which is equivalentto 285 cu.m/s flue gas of normal condition(273 K, 101.3kPa) Temperatureof the emitted flue gas: 4800C

Concentrationsof pollutantsin the emitted flue gas: nitrogen oxides max. 145mg/cu.m (70 ppm) sulfur-dioxide max. 104mg/cu.m carbon-monoxide max. 20 mg/cu.m soot <4 (blackening number according to the Bacharachscale)

Emission of pollutants: nitrogen oxides max. 149 kg/h sulfur-dioxide max. 107 kg/h carbon-monoxide max. 20.5 kg/h

Height of the stack 51 m (40 m)

Noise emission of the equipment: max. 85 dB(A) sound pressure level on the emission surfaces exposed at a distance of I m from the container units, resp. from the buildings

62 ETV-EROTERVRt. R TER V PowerEngineering and Contractor Co.

For the physical-chemicalcharacteristics of the fuiel oil to be used as a fuel material. specified on the basis of a preliminaryagreement with MOL Rt., see Table I/1.-i.

Table 11/1.-4.- Characteristics of the gas turbine fuel oil Densityat 20°C, at least 0.8 kg /dm' Viscosityat 20°C 2.5-8 mm /s Solidificationpoint - in winter -I 0°C - in summer 0°C Open cup flash point 55°C Sulfur content max. 0,2% Water soluble acid and alkali content none Corrosiontest (copper sheet at 500C, during 3 hours) negative Mechanicalcontamination none Water content in traces Specific heating value 42 000 kJ/kg Vanidium < 0.5 ppm Na+K 0o.5 ppm Lead c I ppm Zinc < 2 ppm Calcium < l ppm Ash < I00 ppm Chlorine < 2 ppm

63 EIV-EROTERVRI. (ERdTJER V ) PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

II/2 CONSTRUCTIONAND ASSEMBLY

II/2.1 Construction and assembly works

According to the soil mechanicaltests under the topsoil there are the following soil layers: max. 70 cm humic clay, 60-70 cm silty sand flour, 2.5 m clay, then sandy gravel and gravely sand. The layers have settled nearly horizontally, and they are characterizedby stablesettling conditions.

The excavated soil layer shall be stockpiledsafely in order to be backfilled after the construction.Approx. 3000 cu.m soil shall be excavated at the site of the engineering structures,but this volume shall not be removed from the site, because it shall be used for terrain correctionafter the construction.

The construction work associated with the main equipment is basically foundation work, since the equipmentis built from containerunits.

With regard to the soil mechanicalcharacteristics, in order to prevent the propagation of vibrations,the reinforcedconcrete foundation block shall be installedin a reinforced concrete basin, it shall contact with the foundationthrough a 6 cm thick vibra cork or another anti-vibrationmaterial layer.

The main transformer shall have a reinforced concrete block base placed in a reinforced concrete oil catch basin having a closed stone bed. For the connectionsto the networkseveral reinforcedconcrete base structures shall be built.

For the storage of the fuel two 1000 cu.m above-ground cylindrical tanks shall be installed in vertical position,provided with a fixed roof and an inner floating roof. The tank shall have thermal insulation, an alumina sheet casing and a reinforced concrete protective ring. Demi water shall be stored in two 300 cu.m capacity containers installed on a reinforcedconcrete base.

64 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ERd TERV) Power Engineeringand Contractor Co.

The buildingmaterials and the technologicalequipment shall be transported to the site by road. The construction period - approx. 8-10 months - shall be characterized by an intensive transportationactivity, therefore we have to count with the increase of road traffic.

Transportationof building materials: in average 100 t/day (i.e. 4-5 trucks/day, during earthworksand concreteworks 6-8 trucks/day).During the constructionperiod approx. 600-700 cu.m concreteresp. approx. 60 t steel shall arrive to the site. Concreteshall be transportedin mixer trucks.

Technolo : main equipment(turbines, generators,transformers - machineparts, stack parts, tanks) shall be transported pre-assembled, by special trailers. Auxiliary equipment and machine parts shall be transportedby normal trucks with an average frequency of 2-3 trucks/dayduring the 2-3 monthperiod of assembly.

During the constructionand assembly works mobile toilets and bathroom containers shall be installed on the site based on an agreementwith the building company. The collection and the disposal of the generatingwaste water shall be the responsibilityof the building company.

The communal waste and the debris which is not qualified as hazardous waste (for example offal, packing materials, etc.) shall be collected and disposed by the contractor performing the building and assembly works. According to the relevant regulations,possible hazardous wastes (as for examplepaint wastes, oily rags, etc.) in all cases shall be collected,stored on a temporarybasis and disposed by the contractor.

65 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ER d TER V ) Power Engineenng and ContractorCo.

11/212Changes taking place in the environmental elements

Air quality

During the construction works we have to count with a temporary dust load of the environment due to the removal of the vegetation, the foundation work and other earthworks. The air pollution by the exhaust smoke of the machines shall not be significant due to the distance of the construction site from the residential area (the closest dwellinghouse is at a distanceof 500 m).

The pollution of the access roads of the site means a secondarypollution (the vehicles passing through the area shall disturbthe clay-mud-sandmixture on the road from time to time), but this shall affect only the immediate vicinity of the roads, the pollution shall decrease parallel with the distancefrom the constructionsite. The air pollution by the exhaust smoke of the increasedroad traffic shall not be significant compared with the current pollution load of the heavy traffic roads in the area. Thus the traffic associatedwith the constructionshall not have a significantimpact on the air quality of the area.

Impacts on soil quality and subsurface waters

The impacts of the constructionworks shall be manifest only in the plant site. Since the plant site shall already be excluded from agricultural cultivation by the time of the construction works, so-called "green damages" (treading underfoot) during constructionmay not be expected.The excavated topsoil shall be stockpiledseparately and shall be backfilled after the construction, and care shall be taken, that a humic layer shall be at the top, where it is needed.

66 ETV-EROTERVRt. ER TE V Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

The soil shall only be affected by physical impacts (for example compaction), chemical impacts may not occur if technologicaldiscipline shall be respected. The building company shall be obliged to prevent the spill of any chemicals (on the ground), or - in case of a possible contamination - to remediatethe soil; furthermore to remove any offal from the site when demobilizing. Soil contamination shall be prevented by full compliance with the water protection and waste management regulations.

Subsurface waters could only be contaminatedthrough the soil. which may not take place with regardto the above.

Impacts on surface waters

Since there are no surface waters in the work site and its immediatevicinity, during the construction works we do not have to count with pernicious environmentalimpacts affectingsurface waters.

Communalwaste waters shall be collected in closed containersand shall be transported for disposal by licensed contractors. thus no waste water shall be dischargedinto the environment.

67 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ER JE v Power Engineeringand Contractor Co.

Noise load of the environment in the construction period

The construction,resp. buildingor demolitionworks are not performedon a permanent basis, it is an activity which shall be completedwithin a shorter or longer period of time. For this reason,the permissiblenoise level values are higher for such works than those prescribed for the time of operation based on regional categories. During constructionthe followingactivities (increasing the noise load) shall be carriedout:

transportationof materialsand equipmentnecessary for the construction. noise of the constructionand the assembly, transportationof the wastes and debris generatingduring construction.

The permissible noise load limit values originatingfrom the construction work have been determined for the investigatedsite on the basis of Attachment No. 2 of Decree No. 4/1984.(I.23.)EiM,for a period of time shorterthan I year (see Table I/2.3-1).

Table 11123.-1- Permissible noise load limit values originating from the construction work Functionof the area Day dB(A) Night dB(A) Residentialand administrativearea of low buildingdensity 60 45 Industrialarea mixed with residential and administrativebuildings 70 55

The construction works shall be performed in day time, in the open air. Considering the relevant regional categoriesand the distance of the dwelling houses to be protected from the site of construction (the closest dwelling houses to be protected are at a distance of 500, resp. 600 m from the site), respectivelythe 70 and 60 dB(A) day-time noise load limit value, excess noise load values are not expectedat the official quarters and at the dwellinghouses at Babai street to be protected.

68 ETV-EROTERVRt. ( ERd TER V ) PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

The transportationof the generatingwastes from the site and the transportationof the materials and equipment required for the construction shall be by road. Based on previous estimation approx. 900 heavy truck tum-rounds shall be required for the transportationof the various materials and equipment. Since this shall be performed expectedlywithin a period of time shorter than I year, at least 6-8 truck turn-rounds per day (in day time) can be taken into consideration.

The equivalent noise level calculated from the traffic data can be deternined by calculation on the basis of Section Ml.I of the Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ-13-183-1(counting with a velocity of 50 km/h in the residentialarea). 8 truck turn-rounds/dayin the given route means the passing of 16 heavy trucks (8-8 in each direction).The referencetime is 16 hours, i.e. on the average, I heavy truck shall pass in each hour. The calculationwith the fornula of the standardspecifications (for heavy trucks) shall result, that the transportationactivity in itself shall produce 51.6 dB(A) equivalent sound pressure level A at a distance of 7.5 m from the center line of the road.

Currentlythe average equivalentsound pressure level A on the projectedtransportation road is 49 dB(A) (at the dwellinghouses at Bibai street)),and thus the resultant of the two sound pressure levels is 53.5 dB(A). Consequently. the transportation activity during the construction works may cause an excess of 0.6 dB(A). and thus the noise load shall be far below the guidingvalue (60 dB(A)).

Impact of the construction on the flora and the fauna

The projected site has recentlybeen excluded from agriculturalcul:ivation. though it is still cultivated on a temporary basis, thus no values can be found in the area from the point of view of the flora and fauna. The construction and asse.-nblyworks shall not disturbnatural habitats.

69 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ER d TER V ) Power Engineeringand Contractor Co.

Air pollution and noise increasing during the construction/assemblyworks and the associated transportationsshall have no unfavorableimpact on the flora and fauna, partly because they shall not be significant,partly because only a few species could find their home in the vicinity of the transportation roads due to the strong antropogeniceffect.

Human impacts of the construction

Human impacts of the construction activity can be air pollution and noise. The constructionshall result in a smaller dust pollution,however, due to the distance of the residentialarea from the site, this shall not cause measurablechanges in the air quality. The imnpactof transportationson air pollution shall not be significant with respect to the current load of the nearby roads with heavy traffic.

During the construction/assemblyand the associatedtransportation activities the noise load shall expectedly a bit higher in the day time, but it shall not be over the limit values due to the distance of the dwellinghouses from the site.

70 ETV-ER6TERVRt. (R TER V) Power Engineering and ContractorCo.

II.3 ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS OF THE OPERATION

I13.1 Air pollution and air quality

11/3.1.1Expected airborne emissions and their qualification

The expected airborne emissions of the power plant have been described in Section II/1. In Table E1/3.1.1.-4the emissionsare comparedwith the prescriptionsof decree No. 4/1986.(VI.2.)OKTH,respectively with the expected (and thus projected) technological emiission limit values. Comparing the expected maximum airborne emissionswith the two emission limit values it is clearly shown, that the emission are below the permissibleconcentrations.

_Table II13.1.1.-1 Regional Expected Air pollutant Pollution emission emission technological . limit value* emission limit value [rng/:m31* I [kg/hl rkg/hl mfmpJml' I gas turbine (on*e stack) - NOx max. 145 max. 149 150 200 - SO max. 104 max. 107 150 115 -CO max. 20 max. 20,5 5000 100 - soot < 4 50 4... 2 gas turbine u its (two stack) er stack -NOx max. 145 max. 75 75 200 -SO. max. 104 max. 38 75 115 - CO max.20 max. I 1 2500 100

- soot <4' - 25 4__ _ Notes: * - for >50 m stack heigh, according to decree No. 4/1 986.(VI. 2.) OKTH, ** - for dry fle gas of normal condition (273 K, 101.3 kPa), 15 % oxygen content, - blackeringnumber accordingto the Bacharachscale

71 ETV-ER6TERVRt ( ERTERT V ) PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

II.3.1.2 Determinationof the heightof the stack

Determinationof the heiEhtof the stack on the basis of the emissionlimit values

Based on hourly emissions we have determined the height of the stack required according to regulations (decree 21/1986.(VI.2.)MT, 4/1986.(VI.2.)OKTH, and Hungarian StandardSpecifications MSZ 21854). The height of the stack shall always be determinedon the basis of the expectedvolume of the dominating (most critical) pollutant.In our case the dominantpollutant is NOx.

The current air qualitylimit values for the site, respectivelyfor the block to be built are shown in Table IL'3.1.2.-. The plant belongs to Protection category I, therefore, these limit values should be taken into considerationwhen determining the height of the stack.

Table I113.1.2.1 - Air quality limit valIes (excerpts from the Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ 21854-1990), 9Lg/m3 Pollutant Rate of Protection category I. hazard annual 24 hours 30 minutes So- 3 70 150 250 CO 2 2000 5000 10000 soot 1 25 50 150 NOQ 2 70 85 100 NOX 2 100 150 200

72 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ER TE Power Engineering and ContractorCo.

The load index of Saj6szogedfor SO2 and for nitrogen-oxidesis 50, thus the official limit value shall be: 100 - 50 K2= =0.5 100

The regional emission limit value of the point source has been determined with the followingformula: En = Ef*Kl r?

where: En is the regionalemission limit value of the point source K1 is the permissibleair quality limit value of the given pollutant for 24 hours. in gg/m3 K2 is the officialregulatory value Ef is the emission factor dependingon the heigh! of the stack and the number of emissionpoints:

Ef. Ef= n where: Ef.i is the regulatoryvalue prescribedin theDecree n is the number of point sources

Based on the above data it can be checked, whether the projected stack meets the official requirements. The applied height of the stack is 51 m. In this case the permissible S02 and NOXemission shall be:

In case of the 2-stack version Efi =2.0 n =2 Ef =1.0 En = 1.0x 150 x 0.0 = 75 kg/h

73 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ER TER V) PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

In case of one single stack Efi =2.0 n =1 Ef =2.0 En=2.0x 150x0.50=15Okg/h

The NOXemission of the power plant (max. 149 kg/h resp. 74 kg/h) is lower than the regional emission limit value, thus the applied stack height - 51 m - meets the requirements.

The height of the stack determined in the present study differs from that of the preliminary environmental impact study, since on the basis of the inforTnative proposals and the previousdiscussions with the potential suppliers it has become clear, that, thanks to the technical development,there exist quick-startgas turbines the NOx emissionof which is significantlylower than before.

Comparing the expected S02 emissions with the regional emission limit values belonging to the requiredstack heightswe get a result, accordingto which the quantity of S0 2 is 51% of the limit value.

Controlling stack height determinedfrom the emission limit values on the basis of air quality limit values

For controlling the 51 m stack height determined in the above, respectively for determining the required basic data for the estimation of the expected air quality, we have made propagation calculationsfor the environment of the power plant. For the calculations we have used the computer program developed by the Environmental Office of ETV-EROTERVRt.

74 ETV-ER6TERVRt. TER Power Engineerng and ContractorCo.

The above program works on the basis of the methods specified in the following Hungarian StandardSpecifications: - MSZ 21457/4-80 - Transmission parameters of air pollutants. Determination of the measureof turbulent dispersion. - MSZ 21459/1-81 - Determination of the transmission of air pollutants. Calculationof the pollution impactof the point sources. - MSZ 21459/5-85 - Determination of the transmission of air pollutants. Determinationof the effectiveheight of the emission.

During the calculationof propagation- as a result of the experienceof the preliminary environmental impact study and updating of data - we have calculated 30-minute concentrationsof nitrogen-oxides,sulfur-dioxide and carbon-monoxide(under the axis of the smoke plume) within 20 km distance from the plant. We have not calculated daily (24 h) and yearly immissions,since - -dueto the short and fluctuating daily respectively yearly operation times (10 startings/year in average, 2-hour operation time per starting) the calculated average valuesshall not be characteristic; the calculated 30-minute maximum immissions are lower than the 24-hour healthy limit values (for NOX: 150, resp. 100 Lg/cu.m in the areas of outstandingprotection category) reduced by the basic load. and even than the annual limit value (100 j±g/cu.m)for areas of protection categorv 1. reduced by the basic load.

We have not dealt with solid particles as air pollutants. since solid particles are not characteristicto the emissionsof gas turbines.

75 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. (ER TEV Power Engineenngand Contractor Co.

During the calculationswe have examinedthe followingbasic situations in case of 51 m stack height: 1. 2-stack version,various pollutants pollutantsto be examined:NOX, S02, Co Meteorologicalconditions: atmosphericstability class: 7 (unstable) wind velocity:3 n/s (averagevalue)

2. 2-stackversion, various meteorological conditions pollutantsto be examined:NOx meteorologicalconditions: atmosphericstability class: 5-7 wind velocity:2-6 mis

3. singlestack version, variouspollutants pollutantsto be examined:NOx, SO2, CO Meteorologicalconditions: atmosphericstability class: 7 wind velocity: 3 m/s

4. single stack version.various meteorologicalconditions pollutantsto be examined:NOx meteorologicalconditions: atmosphericstability class: 5-7 wind velocity: 2-6 m/s

The results of the investigationsare shown in Tables 1113.1.2.-i,-2. -3. 4. Based on Figs. I11/3.1.2.- and IIJ3.1.2.-3 it can be stated, that, in all cases. the dominant pollutant is NOx.

ComparingFigures Il/3.1.2.-I and 1113.1.2.-3,respectively II/3.1.2.-2 and II/3.1.2.- 4 it can be stated, that the emissions of the 2-stack version are the double of the single- stack version and the maximum values appear closer to the emission source. This phenomenoncan be attributedto the height differenceof the stacks.

76 Comparisonof 30- minute NOx,S02 and COImmisslons In case of the two- stacks version 25- Permissiblevalues for protectioncategory 1. NOx: 200[ pg/m31; S02: 250( Pglm3J; CO :1I0000 [Pg/M3 20 - n < ~~~S=7; v =3m/S -NOx R Stackheight H -51 m E .2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0

E

E - 1+ t11,+ ;;j=M:

o0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o, U)o o ) o ) o U) o) o) Lo to o) to to to o) to U) o) U) Uo (f) C' C) C') C' C' C') C' C' C') C C' C' V') CO) C) C') C' C' ) C . c)O O )- 0 N CO I U) CD I,-. CO Distancefrom the pollutionsource

Fig. 11/3.1.2.-1. Distribution of 30 - minute NOx immisslons (values under the axis of the plume rise) relative to the distance calculated from the pollution source - in 25 - rggcnnf tWn tsrnkk t\_5 = iv -- , tlS 7 4 4 tivt~ Stack height H =51 m; Permissible valuefor Protectionclass 1: 200 tiglm3 20

0 0\ 0 '' 0- 0N v = =0 0 0 0 0s E2lZ\\\S=0 v =4 tn/s s~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5w=4m\;vlms S5; 2 m

,o t , \

(5- ~t V) (W) (V~ o v- C

Distancefrom the pollutionsource, m Fig.11/3.1.2.-2. Comparison of the 30 - minute NOXJS02, and CO Immissions In case of a single stack version 14 Permissiblevalues for protectioncategory 1. NOx: 200 1[pgm3 1; "N>S02: 250 1[jgm3 1;CO: 10000[ pgIm3j

10 0' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0S=7;v =3m0s 0 00 0

8 -COj

Eo i i0 tO U) to '0 10 10 ) ) _ ) U ) U U U U I

O cJ C')O o 0 oCO o'- o 0)o 0 'o C~Jooo Co Io- o0 0) Dlistancefrom the pollutionsource, m

Fig. 1113.2.-3. Distribution of 30 - minute NOx immissions(Values under the axis of the plume rise) as a function of the distancecalculated from the pollution source- In caseof a singlestack 7 -, m PermisibleStack heightH = 51 m; 14 - Permissiblevalues for Protectionclass I.: 200pgIm3 7 4 ~S=63. v Bnile |~~~~~~~~~ = -(;s ;\ G. v =4 i-t = 6,l\ v = 2 m 12-1{\\"=rn' //>=,v4/ S=6. v=2m/s 12- R ll ~ 7\ /.IlS/S 5; v=6mIS \ E 10- A\ \ l l \ / ' / $~~~S=-5:u=4mls\ 0 8- .sNA 11 1 < s - 5~~~~S= v-2m/s

t ) E.2- 15-

2-0- //Y ....

0 0 00) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 La to10 to 1 LO 10 /0 0)10 10 01 0 10to to to to0 in C' C' C' ' V) C' C') co) C' C' C' C') C) C') C' C' C' C' C' C' 't P- CD N C') to 0 C . co 0) 0) '-CJ ) 10 CD Distancefrom the pollutionsource, m

Fig. 11/3.1.2.-4. ETV-EROTERVRt. t d Engineeringand ER TER V)Power ContractorCo.

The actual height of the stack is the height of the level, where the axis of the smoke plume leaving the stack becomeshorizontal, its value is the sum of the additional and the built heights of the stack. The additional stack height is the height of the smoke plume over the stack following discharging.The additional stack height depends on the thermal and kinetic energy of the flue gas, as well as on the meteorologicalconditions in the ascent domain of the smoke plume

As a result of the interaction of the ambient air, the flue gas emitting from the stack shall gradually loose its energy. The time of this process depends (in addition to the parametersof the ambient air) on the mass and the temperatureof the smoke plume (thermalenergy) and on the speedof the emission(kinetic energy).

In the case of the projected gas turbine power plant - two-stack version - the same volume of the flue gas shall be emitted by two stacks. and the two smoke plumes shall not mix up with each other. Thus the total energy of the specificparts shall only be the half of that of the single-stack version. Consequently, the additional height of the stacks shall be lower than that of the smoke plume of the single-stackversion.

In case of the projected power plant, the additional stack height originatesmainly from the buoyancyresulting from the differencebetween the temperatureof the ambient air and that of the emitting flue gas. The ascending effect originating from the kinetic energy of the flue gas is significantlysmaller. Therefore.a possiblerise of the emission speed shall not mean a significant rise of the additional stack heignt. at the same time, it shall have a negative influenceon the efficiency of the power plant.

77 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineeringand ERTER ContractorCo.

Based on the analyticalresults of the 2-stack versionof greater pollution,we can state the following (see Fig. II/3.1.2.-2): According to the propagation calculations, maximum concentrations appear within the most unfavorable meteorological concentrations (S = 7, v = 6 m/s - frequency is less than I%) at a distance of approx. 1300 m from the source. In case of NOx the concentrationis 12% of the 30-minute limit values for the areas of protectioncategory 1 (200 jggcu.m),i.e. 25 ;Lg/cu.m. Within the most frequent meteorological conditions (S = 6, v = 3 m/s - frequency: 13%) the maximum concentration appears at a distance of approx. 7 kIn from the source, its value is 7% of the limit value, i.e. 14 p.g/cu.m.

Based on the aboveresults it can be stated (see Table 11/3.13.-I) that the immissionso the power plant are below the pernissible concentrations(limit value reduced by the basic load), and thus the 51 m stack height is satisfactoryfrom the point of view of immission.

Determinationof the stack height on the basis of the immissionlimit values

The result received during the control of the 51 mnstack height (there is a significant difference betweenthe actual immissions and the limit values) draws the attention to the fact, that the immissions do not justify the construction of 51 m high stacks. Trherefore,in the following,we shall examine the immissions in case of lower stack heights. During the investigation we search for the height at which the standard air quality values determined for the environment of the plant shall be met in all cases (i..e. we shall not permit even short-time excess. which can be tolerated according to the Hungarian StandardSpecifications MSZ 21854-1990).

78 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. t dER TER V ) Power Engineeringand Contractor Co.

The calculationmethod is based on propagationmodels using the meteorologicaldata base of the region, according to MSZ 21457/4-80, as well as accordingto Sheet 5-85 of MSZ 21459/1-81, calculating with various stack heights. Based on these calculations, the stack should have a height, at which the 30-minute maximum concentrationshall never be over the limit value corrected accordingto the bzisicload (taking into consideration, that a part of the investigation area is of outstanding protectioncategory).

During calculations, in order to eliminate the impacts of mechanical turbulence generated by the facilities, we calculated with a stack height higher at least by 2.5- times than the buildings in the surrounding,i.e. we have taken40 m as a starting data. as the minimumacceptable stack height. At this height, in case of the highest pollution. taking into considerationthe 2-stack version and various meteorologicalconditions. the result of the calculationshall be, that there shall be no excess values in case of the stack height of 40 m (see Fig. II/3.1.2.-5).

The explanation of the difference between the calculation of the stack height on the basis of the immission limit values and the calculation on the basis of the emission limit values can be, that the current Hungarian regulations for the protection of the air quality do not take into considerationthe physical characteristicsof the exhausted flue gas. In our case, the mass flow of the discharge flue gas is 2.5-3-timesmore than that of a traditional boiler firing the same quantity of fuel, and its temperatue is about 500°C (while the flue gases dischargedby a traditional equipment are of a temperature of 100-200°C). Accordingly, we get a significant stack he -ht (according to the propagation calculation, in our case, in case of a 2-stack version, within normal operational conditionsAh = 185 m, while in case of the single stack version Ah = 259 m). which has the same impact from the point of view of the propagation of the airbome emissions.

79 ~mmSS~flSipg/rn31

3505

130

330

635

I8350 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ERo TE Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

Comparingthe results of the calculationsfor the two different stack heights, within the most unfavorablemeteorological conditions (S = 7, v = 6 mIs), it can be stated, that, at a stack height of 40 m, the jimnissionvalue is higher by about 10% than at a stack height of 51 m, while it is significantlybelow the limit values(see Fig. I113.1.2.6).

Il/3.1.3 Changes of the air qualityin the impactarea

Operationalimpacts on air gualitY

From the point of view of air quality, a circle of a radius of 5 kn around the stack is consideredas the impact area of the power plant, since in this area, according to the presented propagation calculation, the maximum 30-minute NOX concentration remains below 10%of the air quality limit value in the areas of protection category 1. within all meteorologicalconditions. Over the 5 kan distance immission shall further reduce. Thus, on the basis of the upgraded calculations.the impact area of the power plant has becorne smaller than a circle of a radius of 10 km. which has been investigated by the Preliminary environmental impact study. The reason is the significantlylower achievablenitrogen-oxide emission.

The values calculated with the transmission model are superposed to the existing pollution level of the area, i.e. to the backgroundpollution. These summarized values should be comparedwith the prescribedair quality limit values.

The expected changes of the air quality in the concerned settlements are shown in Table II/3.1.3-1. Based on the data of the table it can be stated, that

Consideringthe periodical, short-timeoperation, and that the immissioncaused by the gas turbine, even if superposed to the basic load; shall remain below the air quality limit values in any of the settlements, the expected emissions of the power plant shall not result in a pemiciouspollution load to the environment.

80 Comparisonof the valuesof 30 - minuteNOx immisslonsof 40 and51 m high stacks,In caseof onesingle stack and two stacks 30 25 =H40m - in case of two stacks 25 )1~~~_= 51 rn- in caseof twostacks

8 =7; v ms*m v20 - E " / H = 40 m - In case of one singlestack

0 15 - A .0' - , Permissiblevaluef or I3I Protection class. NOx: 200gn[ I E

H 51 m - in ca-eofone single stack 5

0- o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o0 0 C0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0D 0D 0 CD 0D CD CD '- c VI, CD - CO Ir [O - CO V- CD V- CD V. CD _ CN N C C 4t it 10 to WO WO s Cco 0 O 0 Distancefrom the pollutionsource, m

Fig. 11/3.1.2.-6. Table 1113.1.3.-1- Expected air qualities of the settlements in the Investigatedarea

Max. NO, Basic load + the Settlement Distance from the Basic NO, load, Immbslonof the Impact of the NO, limit value, 3 power plant, 11igInaj power plant** power plant** lgIm31 _ _.tml _ a/am Saj6szdged _.-6 500-3000 16 25 (27) 41 (43) 200 Nagycs6cs 2000-3500 100* 22 (23) 122 (123) 200 Girincs 3000-4000 100* 19 (20) 119 (120) Hej8bAba 200 3500-6000 19 17 (18) 36 (37) 200 SaJ68r6s 3500-5000 100* 17 (18) 117 (118) 200 Kiscs cs 4000-4500 100* 16 (17) 116 (117) Szakhld 200 4000-5000 100* 16 (17) 116 (117) 200 Muhi 4500-5500 100* 15 (16) 115 (116) 200 K6r8m 4500-6000 1004 15 (16) 115 (116) 200 Tisza6jvAros 4500-9000 20 15 (16) 35 (36) 200 Nemesbikk*** 5500-7000 35 15 (16) 50 (51) 200 Hej8papi*** 6000-8000 27 14 (15) 41 (42) 200 Notes: * No measurements are performedin the settlements,the basicload values have been calculated on the basisof Table I as AttachmentI to regulationNo. 4/1986.(VI.2.)OKTH in parentheses:expected values in caseof a stackheight of 40m * Nemesbikkand Haj6papi are out of the calculatedimpact area of the powerplant. However, since we haveimnmission messuringvalues for thesesettlements, they have been included in the table.

00 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ER djTERV Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

ImRactsof transRortationsand vehicle traffic

The majority of transportationsshall be fuel and demi water transportationby road. The frequency is, on the average,24-24 tank trucks of a capacityof 30 cu.m per year. The time schedule of transportationsis irregular, it depends on the operation time of the gas turbine. The air pollution caused by transportationis insignificantwith respect to the current load of the heavytraffic roads of the region.

11.3.2Changes in the soil quality

Soil quality may potentially be affected by the oil manipulations (transportation, racking. storage and feeding), as well as by the contact with wastes. The normal operation of the plant - thanks to the applied technical protective solutions - has no negativeimpact on the soil.

During the racking and the storage of the oil the applied technical solutions (the oil resistant concrete tray under the racking equipment, the pipelines and the fittings; in case of the tanks the protective ring made of reinforced concrete)shall prevent the oil from spilling to the ground.

In the area of the projectedpower plant traffic roads shall have a hard cover. and the pavements shall have a slope towardsthe catch basins. Liquid materialsrunning down from the roads, and originatingfrom the racking places and the technologicalsystem (rainwater, spilling, leakage, etc.) shall run to the oil separator, where these materials shall appropriatelybe treated and cleaned.

The applied technology and the monitoring system shall immediately detect the leakages of the fuel and lubricatingsystems, and shall ensure the corrective measures without delay, thus minimizing the losses and the possibility of the environmental damages.

82 ETV-ER6TERV Rt (R TE V Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

The negative impacts caused by the wastes can be avoided by the full respect of the relevant rules and regulations.

Soot deposit in surface waters and in the soil, originating from the flue gases emitted from the stacks, is practically insignificant and thus negligible.

11/3.3Changes in the quality of surface and subsurface waters

In the area there is no surface water flow, water excavation or water discharge. The power plant shall be supplied with water through a branching from the drinking water pipeline of the sub-station. and thus there shall be no need to establish a separate water supply system.

The communal water demand of the power plant is 0.1 cu.m/day, maximum I cu.m per month. The power plant shall be provided with a 450 cu.m fire water pool, which, according to the Hungarian standard specifications (MSZ 9779/4) has to be filled with water within 48 hours. This quantity requires a pipeline of 2.6 I/s capacity. These water demands shall be satisfied by a branching from the drinking water pipeline supplying the sub-station with water.

Demi water, required for the additional water supply used for the cooling svstem and. if required, for the reduction of the NOx emission of the gas turbines, shall be transported by road, in tank-trucks.

During the provisional stay of the operating staff in the power plant approx. I cu.m communal waste water may produce per month. It shall be collected in a closed waste water reservoir and then transported for disposal.

83 EIV-ER5TERV Rt. ( ERo TER V ) Power Engineeringand Contractor Co.

A drain system shall be built for the collection of rainwater. From places where rainwatercan be contaminatedwith oil (for example the oil racking station) rainwater shall be dischargedto an oil separator.Thus the oil concentrationof rainwatershall not exceed2 mg/l.The treated rainwatershall be infiltratedinto the soil.

I113.4Impacts originating from handlingand storage of raw materials and wastes

Raw materials

In the plant site we have to count only with the storage and handling of fuel oil and demi water as raw materials. The storage and handlingof demi water has no impact on the enviromnent.Demi water shall be transportedto the plant by road, in tank-trucks, and it shall be stored in two 300 cu.m capacitytanks.

Fuel oil shall also be transported by road, in tank-trucks. Two 1000 cu.m capacity tanks shall be built for the storage of the fuel oil. In connectionwith the handling and the storage of the fuel oil, the soil shall be protected with technical solutions as describedin Section II/3.2. Similarly,technical solutions (isolating cocks, gate valves. floatingroof) shall ensure, that the hydrocarbonemission shall be insignificant.

Communalwastes

Communal wastes shall consist of the generating organic wastes and the packing materials of the auxiliarymaterials. Their volumeshall be about 2 cu.m per year. They shall be collectedtogether with the communalwastes of the sub-station. They shall be transportedfor disposal by the local companyof public hygiene.

84 ETV-ER6TERV Rt (ER TER Power Engineenngand ContractorCo.

Technologicalwastes

The hazardous wastes generating during the operation of the power plant consist of various used oils, oily rags, oil absorbents, used storage batteries and filter elements. The characteristic hazardous wastes and their estimated average volume per year (based on the data of other power plants) are shown in Table II/3.4-1.

Table E113.4.-4-Estimated average amount per year of hazardous wastes Sort of hazardous waste Estimated average amount, kg/year used oil 350 oily rag 10 oil absorbentmaterial 200 oily suldge from the oil traps 50 used storage batteries air filters of the gas turbines

According to the relevant regulations (decree No. 56/1981.(XI. 18.)MT and decree No. 27/1992(I.3O.)Kormmodifying the above decree) the hazardous wastes shall be collected separately, according to sorts, and they shall temporarily be stored in a special hazardous waste storage place in the plant area. They shall be disposed by licensed companiesspecialized for this activity.

The potentiai suppliers have been informed, that the use of asbestos-containingthermal insulation or sealing materials,the halone gases for fire extinguishing,and halogenated transformeroils are not permitted.

85 ET\V-EROTERVRt. R TERV Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

11/3.5Impacts of noise emission originating from the operation of the plant

The immissionlimit values for work places are prescribedby the Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ 18151/2-83: - the equivalent sound pressure level A of the noise affecting the workers may not exceed LAeq= 85 dB; - the highest sound pressure level A of the noise may not exceed. in any case, LAI = 125 dB.

The investigation of the noise emission of industrial plants and constructions and the determination of the noise emission limit values are included in the Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ-13-111-85: The highest permissible noise emission limit value is LKH = 70 dB(A). This value should be measured on a vertical measuring surface exposed parallel with the border line of the plant, at a distance of "d"from the border line. Distance d = 10 m.

The noise load caused by the new facility has been investigated at the dwelling houses located in the concerned area. At the dwelling houses to be protected the resultant of the noise, originating from the newly installed equipment, the existing sub-station and the ground noise, may not excced the currently permissible noise load limit values. This means, that, at two of the investigated dwelling houses (official quarters) 50 dB(A). while at three other houses (watchman's house, two dwelling houses at Babai street) 40 dB(A) noise load limit value should be met during the night (see Table 1i7n5.-I).

The potential suppliers have been informed. that the sound pressure level measured on the emission surfaces exposed in a distance of I m from the container units to be installed. respectively from the buildings may not exceed 85 dB(A). We have made calculations in order to determine, whether the noise load limit value can be met at 85 dB(A) noise emission.

86 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ER d TER V)Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

When making the calculations,the dampingeffect of the air, the earth effect, shielding (the dwelling houses to be protected have a free overlook to the new plant), the damping effect of the vegetation(the height and the density of the existing vegetation may not reduce the emitted noise), and the impact of the meteorologicalconditions have not been taken into consideration.

The two gas turbines installed close to each other and the two stacks (taking into consideration,that primarily the top of the stack shall emit noise) can be considered point sources due to the distance of the dwellinghouses to be protected. The distance from the dwelling houses is the multiple of the largest sizes of the new facilities.The distance-dependantdamping has been calculatedwith the followingfonnula:

Lt = 20 Ig(rl/r2) where ri 500 m (distance of the official quarters from the projected powerplant), resp. 900 m (distance of the watchman'shouse and the dwelling housesat Babai street from the projectedplant) r) I m (distance of the emissionsurface from the equipment)

As a result of the calculation,in the case of the official quarters located at a distance of 500 m from the new facility,the distance-dependantdamping is 54 dB(A). while in the case of the dwellinghouses at Bibai streetthis value shall be 59 dB(A).

The sound pressure level at a distance of 2 m from the facade of the dwellinghouses to be protected (taking into considerationa correction of -3 dB due to the echo, and 4 point sources) is 40 dB(A), respectively35 dB(A).. This means, that the new facilities in themselves shall not exceed the noise load limit value, not even during the night. Calculating from the measuring data, in the night period the current effective sound pressure level A at the official quarters is 35 dB(A), while at the watchman'shouse and at the dwelling houses at Babai street it is 37 dB(A). The sound pressure level generated by the new facilities shall be superposedto this noise at the given exposure points.

87 ETV-ER65TERVRt. ( ERdER PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

Summarizingthe two sound pressure levels at the exposurepoints, the resultant shall be 41.5 dB(A) at the officialquarters, while it shall be 39 dB(A) at the dwelling houses at Babai street. Based on the summarizedlevels, at the dwelling houses there shall be no excess noise load during the night.

In day time the noise load limit value is higher (60, resp. 50-4dB(A)). The noise emissionof the power plant shall be identical day and night, thus it seems to be clear, that there shall be no excessnoise load during the day either.

In summary, it can be stated, that the noise emission of the projected plant shall increase the noise load of the dwelling houses to be protectedin the area with respect to the current values, but no excess noise load is expectedneither in day time, nor during the night.

Noise originatina fromtraffic

For the supply of the consumedfuel - taking into considerationthe storage capacityof the available tank park - we have count with the traffic of at least one single 40 cu.m capacity tank-truck.

The equivalent noise level has been calculated on the basis of the traffic data. as follows: the calculated equivalent sound pressure level A at a distance of d = 7.5 m from the center line of the road shall be:

LAeqm = 23.2 + 10 Ig Qm + 16.7 Ig vm dB(A) where: Qm = 0.125 dB - numberof passing heavy truck per hour vm = 50 km/h - velocity of the truck in the residential area

88 ETV-EROTERVRt. T RV PowerEngineering and ( !) ContractorCo.

1 truck turn-round/dayin the given route means the passing of 2 heavy trucks (1-1 in each direction).The reference time is 16 hours, i.e. on the average 0,125 heavy tmck shall pass in each hour. Calculating with the given fornula this means. that the transportationactivity in itself shall produce 42.5 dB(A) equivalent sound pressure level A at a distance of 7.5 m from the center line of the road.

Currentlythe average equivalentsound pressure level A on the fuel transportationroad is 49 dB(A), and thus the resultant of the two sound pressure levels shall be 49.9 dB(A). Consequently,the transportationof the fuel supply may cause an increase of 0.9 dB(A) in the noise load, which is negligible, and even the increased noise load shall be far below the guiding value.

I11.3.6Ecological prognostics for habitats

Since the ecosystemsare very complex systems, the estimationof the impacts caused by the environmentalchanges is very difficult.The projectedpower plant may have an impact on the flora and fauna through airborne emissions. The impact of the power plant shall superpose on the impact of the air pollution originating from the neighboring industrial areas, and cannot be separated from it. In the present phase of the study what we can do is. that we assess the flora and the fauna of the impact area of the projectedpower plant, and thus, through the biomonitoringsystem, we can follow with attentionthe changes which shall take place in the future.

Due to the extremely short operationtimes and the periodical operation,as well as due to the relatively small immissionsthe projected power plans shall expectedly have a small impact on the animal and plant communities,which can be compensatedby their self-control system.

89 E1V-ER5TERVRt. TERE PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

I1/3.7 Impacts on human health and other human impacts

The power plant shall have an impact on the population through the air pollution and the increase of the noise load.

Taking into consideration periodical and short-time operation, as well as the fact, that the immissions caused by the gas turbine shall remain, in any of the settltmrientsin the area, below the limit values of public health (as shown in Section 11/3.1), even if they are superposed to the basic load, the expected air pollution shall not have a negative impact on the health of the population.

The noise emission of the projected power plant shall slightly increase the noise load of the dwelling houses to be protected in the area with respect to the current values, but no excess noise load is expected neither in day time, nor during the night, as it was described in Section 1/3.5.

I1.3.9 Social-economical impacts

In JanuaTy and February 1996, in possession of the preliminary building permit of the Hungarian Energy Office, in cooperation with ESBI-ETV Engineering Co. Ltd.. MVM Rt. organized a public information in harmony with Govemment Decree No. 146/1992.(XI.4.). On April 22, 1996 a decision has been issued by the inter- departmental committee in connection with the informnationof the public, according to § 3 of the above said GoveTmnentDecree. The decision included the following:

1. On a preliminary basis, in its session of December 20, 1995 the Committee was of [he opinion, that the concept of the development of a secondary reserve power plant. within the framework of the development program of MVM Rt. - as a precondition of joining the Western-European power system - is in harnony with the objectives of the Hungarian energy policy and with the viewpoints of the protection of the environment.

90 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ERd7 E PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

2. The Conmittee states, that during the preparatory phase of making a decision on the developmentthe feasibility study and the preliminary environmental impact study have been prepared.The Hungarian Energy Office issued a preliminarybuilding permit and, in January 1996 - based on the approved"program for the information of the public" - MVM Rt started the infornation of the great public. The technical public hearing took place in Saj6szoged, on February 23, 1996, where the concerned communitiescould make commentsand proposals.

3. The Committee,in order to ensure the proper control of the program, invited - by way of competition- an Expert Organization,which performedthe followingtasks based on a contract: - they managed the reconciliationof the interests and supervised the procedure and the correctnessof the program, - they cooperatedwith the PR-agencyselected by the investor in the preparation and the carrying through of the public information, as well as in the organizationand the procedure of the public sessionsand public hearings. they followed with attention the public relation forumnsand cvents taking place between the investor and the communitiesof the concemed region, they ensured an objective background for the reconciliation of the interests and they prepared the official report of the technical publichearing, they prepared a summary report for the Committeeabout the realization of the public infornation program and the reconciliation of the interests. in the frameworkof which - they evaluated the documents prepared during the preparation and the realizationof the program, - they made comments on the activity of the PR agency with special regard to the contentsof the "programfor the inforrnationof the public". - they supervised the PR-documentationprepared during the specific work phases, - they made proposals supportingthe decision-makingof the Committee.

91 ETV-ERCTERVRt. (ER dV) TER Power Engineeringand Contractor Co.

Based on the opinions voiced during the public hearing of February 23, 1996 in Saj6szoged,on the data of the second follow-uppublic opinion poll, as well as on the contents of the sununary report of the Expert Organization,the Committeestates, that the majority of the concernedpopulation support the investmentproject. Based on the above, the Committee considers satisfactory the public information procedure connected with the building of the 100 MW capacity gas turbine secondary reserve power plant of MVM Rt. in Saj6sz6ged.

The Committee - with regard to the great interest of the public - is of the opinion, that - the investor, during the licensing procedure, should keep on informing the concemed municipalitiesabout the most importantdecisions associated with the , ojected power plant (for example the selection of the technology, the fuel material, the final plant site, etc.). - the investor should ensure the access for the municipality to the public documentsin connectionwith the projectedpower plant, and for the public the possibility of inspection of these documents and the possibility to make comments.

4. At the same time, the Committee draw the attention of the investor. the concernedmunicipalities and the licensingauthorities to the following: - in the tender invitation for the supply of the gas turbine the new limit values and requirements for the protection of air purity and air quality should be indicated. which are in harmony with the regulations of the protection against noise - in relation with the secondary reserve capacity. These new limii values and requirements shall enter into force within the framework-of the current law on environmentalprotection,

92 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. ( TER Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

the concemed municipalities - in harmony with the comments made during the technical public hearing - with the involvementof the competentenvironmental regulatoryagencies, should initiate, that the investor takes the responsibilityof ensuring the availability of controllable infornation about the quantity (consumption) and quality (for example sulfur content) data of the energy carriers required for the operationof the secondaryreserve capacity, collecting the oily waste waters generating in the plant in a closed container. and having an acceptancedeclaration by a licenseddisposal plant, buiiding an appropriatemonitoring system for controlling the environmental impacts(air, waters)during operation, the Hungarian Energy Office should prescribe in its license the obligation of posterior reporting about each starting in order to control the secondary character of the capacity.

In the opinion of the Committee it would be purposeful, that the investor and the representativesof the concernedmunicipalities pursue a direct reconciliationabout the requirements voiced by the local population at the technical public hearing of February 23, 1996, first of all in order to avoid the increase of the load to the environment.

93 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ER o TER V ) Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

Taking into consideration the statements of the summary report of the Expert Organization,and on the basis of the experiencesof the technical public hearing of February 23, 1996, the Committeeis of the opinion, that the public information process in connection with the projected 100 MW capacity gas turbine secondary reserve power plant of MVM Rt. in Saj6szogedwas satisfactory, and considers the prescribed Commission activity as closed, with the condition, that the public should be kept informedabout the details of the protectionof the environment.

With regard to the opinion of the Committee, the licensing procedure by the regulatory agencies and the preparationfor the construction of the 100 MW capacity gas turbine secondary reserve power plant of MVM Rt. in Saj6szoged can be continued.

11/3.9 Impacts on the landscape

The 2.4 ha -size plant site is located in the outskirts of Sajoszoged,to SW direction from the village, close to main road No. 35, in the vicinity of the existing OVIT sub- station. The area is accessiblefrom the transformertransportation road.

The plant shall be built on a former agriculturalarea, which is already excluded from agriculturalcultivation. The landscapeshall not significantlyinfluenced by the sight of the power plant, since the neighboringsub-station already gives an industrial character to the area. With regard to the general appearanceof the projected facility,it shall fit to the existing buildings of the sub-station. The gas turbines shall have an 51 (40) m stack(s). After the completionof the building works, the area shall be gassed and also trees shall be planted

94 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. R TER V PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

11/3.10Other expected impacts due to average and operational troubles

Due to the applied technologicaland technical solutions,as well as to the character of the plant, hazardousmaterials may enter into the environmentonly in case of average. Such hazardous materials can be the fuel and lubricatingmaterials. as well as the fire extinguishingmaterials in case of fire, which can be qualifiedas case of average.

Potentialsources of danger are in connectionpartly with the transportation,movement. racking of storage of hazardous materials, respectively with the possible failure of cables, fittings,storage means and tanks.

A case of averagemay occur as a result of - disaster (earthquake. thunderstroke) - fire - traffic accident - technological problem, operational trouble - aggressivehuman action (intentionaldamaging, terrorist action).

In this section we describe only the possible impacts, the eliminationshall be dealt with in Section 11/5.7.

The greatest possible average is fire, during which both the fire and the extinguishing may result in environmentaldamages.

95 ETV-ERl5TERVRt. (ER TERV PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

During fire the combustion products (flue gases, smoke, soot, etc.) enter into the air. where gases shall mix according to the current weather and wind conditions, while heavier solid particles (soot) after a certain time shall deposit on the soil. The propagation of the pollution can hardly be determined, since it depends on the meteorological conditions, the dispersion processes, as well as on the natural and artificial settling effects (for example water spraying).

A part of the water and the foam material (type: LW ATC FC 600) used for extinguishing - mixing with the burning material - shall inevitably spread on the soil. respectively enter into the soil, and, in such a case, it shall contaminate it.

Average - endangering the cleanliness of the soil and the waters - may caused by operation troubles of the equipment, respectively by the hazardous materials leaking from injured storage tanks (fuel materials, lubricating materials). From this point of view, the most dangerous situation is, when an operation trouble occurs in the fuel supply system, since in such case of average oil may leak from the system.

The operational troubles of the fuel supply system may also result in air pollution, due to the evaporation of the fuel material hydrocarbon emission may occur.

The environmental impacts of the aggressive human actions cannot be estimated without knowing the motivations and the intentions.

96 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ER TR V) Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

IIA EXPECTED IMPACTS OF DECOMMISSIONING

The projectedlife time of the power plant is 30 years. After the shut-down of the plant the equipment shall be disassembledand transported from the site. The dismounted machineequipment can be recycled (iron scrap). The undergroundconcrete structures shall remainin place. No waste shall remainon the site.

The expected impacts of decommissioningare similar to those of the construction period, but somewhat smaller. We have to count primarily with air pollution and noise caused by dismountingworks and transportation.

I114.1 Changes in subsurface and surface water quality

The power plant - during its normal operation - shall not have any impact on the quality of subsurfaceand surface waters, therefore, likely, there shall be no change in the quality of waters after decommissioning.

In case of a decommissioningperformed by the contractorwith the utmost care to be expected, no negative imnpactor contamination mav occur to the subsurface and surface waters of the area.

II/4.2 Changes in the soil quality

The power plant - during its normal operation - shall not have any impact on soil quality. therefore, likely, there shall be no change in the quality of soil after decommissioning.

In case of a decommissioningperformed by the contractor with the utmost care to be expected. no negativeimpact or contaminationmay occur to the soil in the area.

97 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ER TER Power Engineeringand Contractor Co.

II1/43 Ecological changes

Decommissioningand the cease of air pollution shall have a favorable influence on the flora and fauna of the region by all means. After decommissioningonly the underground engineeringstructures shall remain in the site. the hollow underground structures (fire water tank, cable ducts) shall be filled. In case of a complete decommissioning, these structures shall not mean "traps" which may cause damage to the ecology of the region.

I11/4ALandscape, land use

After decommissioningthe area shall be arranged and grassed.The landscapeshall be restored accordingto the original status, however,the current use of land (ploughland) can possiblynot be restored.

98 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ERTo V )JER PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

11/5DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES

II15.1Protection of the air quality

At the gas turbines, in case of oil firing, the characteristic air pollutants are: nitrogen- dioxides, sulfur-dioxide, carbon-monoxide and soot.

Carbon-monoxide and soot emission at the gas turbines can be kept below the emission limit values without special environmental measures.

At the gas turbines two technological solutions can be applied for meeting NOx emission limit values:

gwaterinjection into the combustion chamber. This shall reduce the temperature at the places which can be considered critical from the point of view of nitrogen-dioxide generation. With this solution the amount of the generating nitrogen-dioxide can significantly be reduced. an appropriate bumer construction (so-called Dry-low-NOx burners), which keeps nitrogen-oxide generation on a low level. This solution is currently used at the gas turbines burning gaseous fuel, but experiments are underwav with oil fired burners, and such burners shall expectedly appear on the mark-el within one or two years.

In the present study we have supposed the application of the water injection method . At the gas turbines the sulfur-dioxide emission limit values can be met by the proper selection of the fuel material. In the power plant investigated by the present study the sulfur contents of the fuel material is very low (max. 0.2%), and thus the emission limit values can be met.

99 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ER TE PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

II/5.2 Water protection

The generating communal waste water shall be collected and treated in a closed waste water reservoir, and then transported for disposal.

In the projected plant site - due to its position (in the area there is no water flow) - surface and subsurface waters could only be contaminated through the soil, and thus the following measures to be taken for the protection of the soil shall also serve for the protection of the waters.

11/5.3 Soil protection

The technical solutions (oil-resistant tray at the oil racking station and under the pipelines and fittings, a reinforced concrete protective ring for the tanks) shall prevent the oil from spilling onto the soil.

An oil trap shall be built for the collection of oily waters running down from the access road of the racking station, as well as for the collection of the oils spilling at the gas turbine units. Oily waters shall be cleaned in an oil separator. The oil concentration of the water discharging from the separator shall not exceed 2- mg/I. The separated oil shall be pumped into a container and then transported for disposal.

Wastes shall be collected separately, according to sorts, and they shall temporarily be stored in a separate storage place in the plant. They shall be remediated by a licensed company specialized for this activity.

100 E1V-ERbTERV Rt. (ER TE PowerEngineering and Contractor Co.

IISA Noiseprotection

In the projected power plant the noise protection shall be ensured by silencers, by special sound insulationsand by the light-structurecasing.

1115.5Nature protection

Nature protection shall be ensured by the optimal design of the plant, taking into full consideration the environmentalrequirements (selection of the fuel material, water injection) and by the way of construction.

11/5.6.Landscape protection

With regard to the general appearance of the projected facility. it shall fit to the neighboing sub-station. After the completion of the construction of the plant the area shall be arranged and grassed,the newly planted trees shall intercept the sight of the plant.

11/5.7Averages and the plan for their elimination

In order to prevent the pernicious impacts of accidents which may occur during transportation and on the material movement routes, the traffic roads in the projected plant area shall have a hard cover, and the pavements slope towards the catch basin. Liquid materials running down from the road and from the racking station. as well as originating from the technologicalsystem (rainwater, spills. leakages, etc.) shall be col!ected in the oil separator, where they shall be treated and cleaned up to a appropriate measure.

The leakages of the fuel material and lubricatingmaterid systems shall immediatelybe explored by the monitoring system thus making possible to take the necessary measures without delay, and also to minimize lossesand the possibilityof causing

101 ETV-ERdTERV Rt. (ERd TER V ) PowerEngineering and Contractor Co.

environmentaldamages. The technical solutions (a concrete tray at the oil racking station and under the pipelines and the fittings, reinforcedconcrete protective ring for the tanks) shall prevent oil from spilling onto the ground in case of operational troubles.

For the case of earthquakesand thunderstrike- taking into account their frequency and energy - the prescriptions for designing are included in the national standard specifications, the compliance of which shall be supervised by the regulatory authoritiesthrough the buildingpermits and the licensefor use.

The greatest possible case of average which may occur is a fire. The elimination of such averages and fire protection are prescribed in detail in the relevant official regulations.Planned fire protection is effectiveagainst fire averages.

When extinguishingfire, the fire extinguishing material shall spread on the soil in a relatively sman.llpart of the area, thus the extension of the contaminationcan easily be delineated and the contaminationcan effectively be eliminated. In order to reduce these damages,after the fire the followingsteps should be taken as soon as possible: - collectionand absorptionof the spilled hazardousmaterials and contaminatedwater - assessmentof the rate of contamination - clean-up or remediationof the contaminatedsoil.

The protection against aggressivehuman actions shall be ensured by applying a fence around the site and by guarding.

The action plan for the elimination of averages can be prepared on the basis of the technical prescriptionsprovided by the suppliers. The action plan shall be prepared in the knowledgeof these technical prescriptions,after the selection of the supplier.

102 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. (ER TERV Power Engineenngand Contrator Co.

I11/6MAIN UNCERTAINTIES AND MISSING DATA

11/6.1Designing conditions

The main uncertaintiesof the designingconditions originate from the fact, that the type and the supplier of the equipment is not yet selected. The projected power plant shall be of 100-120 MW capacity. During the analysis of the environmentalimpacts the highest possible - 120 MW - capacity has been considered effective. Thus the associated air pollution and noise emissionscan be consideredas the highest estimated values, and the actualemissions shallexpectedly be lower.

11.6.2Building conditions

The main uncertaintiesof the buildingalso originate from the fact, that the type and the supplier has not yet been selected.Therefore, the volume of the construction/assembly works,the number and the type of the machinesand the transportationvehicles, as well as the material quantities to be transportedhave only been estimated on the basis of earlier experiences.

11/63 Current environmental status and impacts

11/63.1 Air quality

In connection with the air quality and the air pollution of the projected power plant there are several uncertainties. The first uncertainty is connected with the assessment of the current status. The air quality of the region of the projectedpower plant has been characterizedon the basis of the data provided by the measuringinstruments which we installedin the area, and thus these data refer only to the heatingseason. Further assessment of the current status is underway.

103 ETV-ER6TERVRt. (ER TE Power Engineeringand Contractor Co.

We have already mentioned the second uncertainty:since the type of the equipment has not been selected,the emissionof the equipmenthas been indicatedon the basis of the data providedby the potentialsuppliers.

Another uncertainty is the limited reliability of the propagation calculation model. According to experiences,the differencebetween the calculatedvalues and the actual imrnissionscan be max. 20%.

II/6.3.2 Ecologicaldata

The collectionand the processing of tfie ecologicaldata is done on a continuousbasis. The evaluation of these data can take place only after the completion of the assessment.

104 ETV-ER6TERVRt. ER TERV PowerEngineering and ContmactorCo.

1117.MONITORING SYSTEM

III/7.1 Monitoring during construction

No separate monitoringsystem shall be designed for the investigationof the impacts during the construction- due to the measureof the impacts. At the same time, during the construction/assemblyworks, the investor shall supervise the building company and the other contractors on a continuous basis, and shall follow with attention the respect of the environmentalregulations.

II/7.2 Monitoring during operation

II/7.2.1 Air pollution and air quality

The followingcharacteristic data and componentsof the flue gas shall be measured in the stack during operation,on a continuousbasis: - So2, - NOxR - solid particles (soot), -Co, - O? or C02, - temperature of the flue gas, - volume flow of the flue gas.

The measuring data shall be processed by a computer proL,am registering and evaluatingthe data according to the relevant regulations.

Due to the short operatingtimes (20 hours per year, on the average) the building of a separate immissionmeasuring system is not justified.

105 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ER TER Power Engineeringand Contractor Co.

11/7.2.2Subsurface waters, soil quality

Close to the site of the projected power plant - taking into consideration the groundwaterflow direction- two monitc.ing wells shall be established.Sampling shall take place with a six-monthfrequency, the analysis shall extend to the TPH content of the groundwater.

In order to check the operationof the oil trap, samplingand the analysis of the oil contentsshall take place on a monthlybasis.

106 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. (ER6 TER V) Power Enginee, ng and Contractor Co.

QUICK-START GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT OF SAJOSZOGED

(Secondary reserve)

DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY

SUMMARY

107 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ER o TER V ) Power Engineerng and ContractorCo.

In the course of the present work we performed the detailed environmental impact assessment of the projected power plant and we compiled a Detailed Enviromnental Impact Study, the main topics of which are summarizedin the following,in harmony with § 13 of GovernmentDecree No. 152/1995(XII.12.):

11/8.1Introduction

One of the outstanding objectives of the Hungarian energy policy approved by the National Assembly is the diversificationof the energy sources, and - in view of wire energy - the extension of the connections.Therefore, in 1991,the Goverrnmentmade a decision, that the Hungarian energy system joins UCPTE, the association of the Westem-Europeanelectric energy systems, which are on a higher technical level and which may guaranteea more safe electricenergy supply for Hungary.

One of the basic conditions of joining UCPTE is, that the Hungarian electric energy systemshould have a quick-action,so-called secondary control reserve capacitiesof a size deternined by UCPTE recommendations.These reserve capacities should be equivalentat least to the greatest capacityof the electric energy productionunit of the system. In the Hungarian electric energy system the greatest capacitv productionunits are the 460 MW blocs of the NuclearPower Plant of Paks, thus the secondary control reserve capacityshould be of 460 MW.

In the recent years. the Hungarian Power Companies Ltd. (MVM Rt.) has performed comprehensive investigations for analyzing the most purposeful possibilities of ensuring the required reserve capacity. Based on the analysis, MVM has come to the conclusion, that 200 MW of the required reserve capacity should be ensured by establishingquick-start gas turbine power plants.

108 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ER TE Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

I1l8.2 Description of the facility

1118.2.1Installadon

Starting from the role of the secondary control-purposepower plants played in the electric energy system, MVM Rt. has come to the conclusion, that it would be purposeful to lo¢ate such power plants at the more importantjunction points of the electric energy system, close to the large sub-stationsof the network.

The 2.4 ha size location of the projected power plant is in the outskirts of Sajosz6ged. in SW direction from the settlement,close to main road No. 35, in the vicinity of the existingOVIT sub-station(see site plan No. 1/23.-1).

In the plant the following equipment and systems shall be installed (see installation plan No. 112.3.-2): - gas turbine and auxiliary equipment - generator and auxiliary equipment - electric equipment of the power plant - electric technology of the substation - control system - environmental monitoring system - fuel supply system - water supply systems - fire protection systems.

109 ETV-ER6TERVRt. (ER TE PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

IU82.2 Description of the operation of the projected gas turbine power plant

It is a basic requirement,that the projectedpower plant units reach maximum capacity within 10 minutesafter starting by the National ElectricLoad Distributor(OVIT). It is owing primarily to the aeroderivative gas turbines - transformed from airplane gear drives for industrialpurposes - that the requirementof quick starting can be met.

Based on statistical data, the expected number of starting shall be minimum 5, maximum 60. After starting a 2-hour operationtime is expected. During this period of time the defectedunit can againbe put into operation,or a reserve unit can be started.

The most probable number of working hours per year shall be: 10 x 2, i.e. 20 hourstyear.

The projectedpower plant shall operatewithout permanent operating staff. The decisive technologicalelement of the power plant is the gas turbine, which has three main parts: the compressor, the combustion chamber and the turbine. The compressor compresses the suction air to the required pressure for combustion. The fuel is bumt by special burners. The turbine is rotated by the expansion of the high pressure and high temperature flue gas discharging from the combustion chamber; Electric energy is generatedby a generatorconnected to the turbine.

The generating flue gas is emitted to the open air through a stack. The gas turbine is mounted with a silencerboth at the suction side and at the stack.

The operation scheme and the axonometric view of the gas turbine is shown in Fig. Il/1.-4. while the view and the axonometric picture of the container unit are shown in Fig. II/L.-2.

110 ETV-EROTERVRt. ( ER Vd TER) Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

During combustion at a high temperaturea part of the suction air and the nitrogen- containing compoundsof the fuel form nitrogen oxides. Their amount depends on the temperatureof the flame and on the time of residence of the gases in the combustion chamber. The rate of nitrogen oxide generation can be kept on a low level by the proper formation of the combustionchamber, respectively by water injection.The fuel also contains some sulfur, in a very small quantity (max. 0.2%). During combustion this forns sulfur dioxide.The carbon monoxideand soot emission of the newest types of turbines is minimal.

In the present phase of planning neitherthe number of the requiredgas turbines has not been determined,nor the type has not been selected. Based on the received informal proposals we have selected one from among the possible types for demonstratingthe environmentalimpacts of the projected power plant, which has the most unfavorable characteristicsfrom environmentalpoint of view.

The power plant shall have 100-120 MW capacity generated by one or two gas turbines. During the investigationof the environmental impacts the highest possible capacity - 120 MW - shall be considered as a reference. The characteristics of the power plant associated with this capacity (based on the received informal proposals and the preliminarydiscussions with the potential suppliers) are the following:

Capacity: 120 MW Efficiency: 40% Quantity: I or 2 Operation: Number of startings/year - average 10 - maximum 60 - minimum 5 Expectedoperation time of one single starting 2 hours

111 ETV-EROTERVRt. (ER TERV ) PowerEngineenng and Contractor Co.

Sulfur contentof the projectedfuel: max. 0.2% Heating value of the fuel: min. 41 000 kJ/kg Fuel consumption: 7.3 kg/s

Emitted flue gas: 365 kg/s, which is equivalentto 285 cu.mJs flue gas of nonnal condition(273 K, 101.3kPa) Temperatureof the emittingflue gas: 480°C

Concentrationsof pollutantsin the emitted flue gas: * nitrogen xides max. 145mg/cu.m (70 ppm) * sulfur-dioxide max. 104 mg/cu.m * carbon-monoxide max. 20 mg/cu.m o soot <4 (blackening number according to the Bacharachscale)

Emission of pollutants: * nitrogen oxides max. 149 kg/h * sulfur-dioxide max. 107kg/h 3 carbon-monoxide max. 20.5 kg/h

Height of the stack 51 m (40 m)

Noise emission of the equipment: max. 85 dB(A) sound pressure level on the emission surfaces exposed at a distance of I m from the container units. resp. from the buildings

112 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. (5 TE Power Engineering and Contractor Co.

11/8.3Expected environmental changes and their evaluation

11183.1Investigation of the environmental impacts and the impact areas

The areas to be investigatedfor the current environmentalstatus and for the impacts of the operation of the projected power plant have been selected and presented separately, according to the environmentalelements and the investmnentphases (see Table 1/6.-i and Fig. I/6.-6).

l/83.2 Current status of the environment

In summary, based on the available data and the performednoise measurements,the current envirommentalstatus of the projected power plant can be characterized as follows:

Air quality

According to the investigationsperforned during the preparationof the present study it cam be stated, that, in Saj6szoged, Hejobaba, Nemesbikkl and Hejopapi the concentrationsof nitrogen-oxideshave never exceeded the air qualitv limit values in the measuring period, the air of the settlernentshas been qualified satisfactory (mark 1).

At the measuring points of the National Immission Measuring Network. in Tiszauijvaros,in the measuring period, excess values occurred both in nitrogen-oxide concentrations (frequency: 1.39 %) and in sulfur-dioxide concentrations (frequency: 0.82%). The town has got an air qualitymark 2 (moderatelypolluted).

113 ETV-ER5TERVRt. (ER V PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

Soil and subsurfacewaters

In the area of the projected power plant soil and groundwaterinvestigations have been performed in order to survey the current status and to asses the possible existing contamination.

Based on the measuringresults it can be stated, that, with respect the general chemical parameter of the groundwater, only the manganese concentration exceeds the permissible limit value for drinking water, which is characteristicto the subsurface waters of the region. The majorityof heavy metals is not detectablein the groundwater samples, only some of them appear in traces, but their concentrationnever exceeds the permissible value specified in the relevant standard specifications. and thus the groundwatercan be consideredclean. At the same time, with respect to oil derivatives. the groundwaterproved to be contaminatedin two of the three borings.

We have performed separate TPH tests of the soil samples taken from the three borings, from various depths. From the measuring results it can be stated. that the soil can be considered clean from the point of view of aliphatic hydrocarbon (TPH) contamination,mineral oil derivativescan only be found in traces.

Surface waters

In the vicinity of the projected power plant there are no surface waters, however, the area belongs to the region endangeredby the floods of the Saj6 and Tisza rivers.

The highest water consumption is in TiszaijvAros, shore-filtereddrinking water is produced in 12 water works. In this area the water resourcesare endangeredby surface contamination.With regard to the futurewater use, the area of the Tisza-Saj6junction has a regional importance(shore filtering,groundwater).

114 ETV-EROTERVRt. ( ERTER d V ) PowerEngineering and Contractor Co.

The water of quality class V. of the Saj6 river (which is contaminated with the waste waters of Miskolcand the industrialplants locatedin the upper section of the river. and due to the industrial contamination originating from Slovakia) has an unfavorable impact on the water qualityof the Tisza along this river section.

Noise

According to the measuring results performed in March 1996 in order to asses the current noise conditions,the noise emitted by the sub-station is below the permitted noise emissionlimit values both in day time and during the night.

At the dwelling houses, in day time, due to the noise load caused by road traffic, the ground noise is higher than the noise load caused by the sub-station, but it does not exceed the limit value. During the night the ground noise of the enviromnentis lower than in day time. At the dwelling houses to be protectedthe noise load was also below the limit value (belowthe lower night noise limit value).

Flora and flauna

No earlier assessmentsare available on the flora and fauna of the environmentof the projected power plant. Within the framework of the present environmental impact study the preparation of a vegetation map of the habitats of the area (spring-early summer period) and a zoological characterizationare underway. For the time being only a general characterizationcan be given on the habitats in the environmentof the area.

The lower flood plain of the Saj6 river is bordered by the remnants of the once contiguous soft-wood woodlands. At the higher areas there are also oak-ash gallery- forests in patches. The forests mainly consist of young and mixed-age soft- and hard- wood species. In the area there are large patches of disturbedgrasses and pastures.

115 ETV-ER5TERV Rt. (ERdTER V) ERTE V ContractorPowerEngineenng Co. and

The traversesand the residual galleryforests along the Saj6river are potentialnesting places of birds of prey. The mapping of the nests and the breeding species is underway together with other species which have a value from the point of view of nature protection. We are also searching for the habitats in the environmentof the area which have a natural value.

Il/833 Impact of the construction on the environment

The building materials and the technologicalequipment shall be transported to the site by road. The construction period - approx. 8-10 months - shall be characterized by an intensive transportationactivity, therefore we have to count with the increase of road traffic.

Transportationof buildine materials:in average 100 t1day(i.e. 4-5 trucks/day,during earthworksand concreteworks 6-8 trucks/day).During the constructionperiod approx. 600-700cu.m concreteresp. approx. 60 t steel shall arrive to the site. Concreteshall be transportedin mixer trucks.

Technology:main equipment(turbines, generators, transformners - machine parts, stack parts, tanks) shall be transported pre-assembled, by special trailers. Auxiliary equipment and machine parts shall be transported by normal trucks with an average frequency of 2-3 trucks/dayduring the 2-3 month period of assembly.

The impactsof the constructionworks shall be manifest only in the plant site. Since the plant site shall already be excluded from agricultural cultivation by the time of the construction works, so-called "green damages" (treading underfoot) during constructionmay not be expected.The excavated topsoil shall be stockpiled separately and shall be backfilled after the construction, and care shall be taken, that a humic layer shall be at the top, where it is needed.

116 ETV-ERI5TERVRt. ( TER Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.

During the construction and assembly works mobile toilets and bathroom containers shall be installed on the site based on an agreement with the building company. The collectionand the disposal of the generatingwaste water shall be the responsibility of the buildingcompany.

The communal waste and the debris which is not qualified as hazardous waste (for example offal, packing materials, etc.) shall be collected and disposed by the contractor performing the building and assembly works. According to the relevant regulations,possible hazardous wastes (as for example paint wastes, oily rags, etc.) in all cases shall be collected,stored on a temporarybasis and disposedby the contractor.

During the construction/assemblywe have to count mainly with air pollution and noise caused by the constructionand assemblyworks and the transportationactivity.

Air qualitv

During the construction works we have to count with a temporary dust load of the environment due to the removal of the vegetation, the foundation work and other earthworks. The air pollution by the exhaust smoke of the machines shall not be significant due to the distance of the construction site from the residential area (the closest dwellinghouse is at a distanceof 500 m).

The pollution of the access roads of the site means a secondarypollution (the vehicles passing through the area shall disturb the clay-mud-sandmixture on the road from time to time), but this shall affect only the immediate vicinity of the roads, the pollution shall decreaseparallel with the distance from the constructionsite. The air pollution by the exhaust smoke of the increasedroad traffic shall not be significant compared with the current pollution load of the heavy traffic roads in the area. Thus the traffic associatedwith the constructionshall not have a significant impacton the air quality of the area.

117 ETV-ER5TERV Rt. (ER d TER V ) PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

ImRactson soil quality,surface waters and subsurfacewaters

Possible soil and water contaminationshall be preventedby full compliancewith the water protectionand waste managementregulations.

Noise load of the environmentduring the constructionof the RroiectedRower plant

During constructionthe followingactivities (increasingthe noise load) shall be carried out: transportationof materials and equipmentnecessary for the construction. noise of the constructionand the assembly, transpe,rtationof the wastes and debjis generatingduring construction.

The cjnsi.uct;on works shall be performed in day time, in the open air. Considering the dista-pieof the dwelling houses to be protected from the site of construction(the closest dwellinghouses to be protectedare at a distance of about 500 m from the site). excess noise load is not expectedat the dwellinghouses due to the constructionworks.

Impact of the constructionon the flora and the fauna

*The projected site is currently under agricultural cultivation. thus no values can be found in the area from the point of view of the flora and fauna. The constructionand assemblyworks shall not disturb natural habitats.

118 ETV-EROTERVRt. R TER V PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

II/83.4 The operation and its impacts on the environment

The gas turbine power plant is one of the technologiesof electric energy production processes which causes the least environmentalpollution. During its operationmainly airborne emissionsand noise meana pollution load to the environment.

Air quality

Expected emissions of the power plant polluting the air

In Table IU/3.1.1-1we comparedthe expected airborne emissionsof the power plant with the permissible emission limit values according to regulation 4/1986.(VI.2.)OKTH,respectively with the expected technological emission limit values, known as projected values. By comparing the expected highest airborne emissions with the limit values we have stated, that the emissions are below the permissiblevalues.

Changes in the air quality caused by the power plant

From residential point of view the air quality (immission) during operation is more important than the emissions of the plant., since air quality has an impact both on humans and the flora and fauna. In addition to the qualitative and quantitative characteristicsof the emitted flue gas, air quality depends on numerous further factors. such as: the height of the stack, the meteorological zonditions(wind velocity and its changes by height, wind direction, changes of the air temperatureby height. etc). the topography and the articulationof the soil surface (plants, buildings).The correlation between the emissions and the air quality can be determined by propagation calculation.

119 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineeringand Contractor Co.

We have made propagationcalculations according to the standardspecifications for the enviromnent of the power plant, in order to determine the data required for thie estimationof the expected changes in air quality. The propagationof air pollutants is decisivelyinfluenced by the stability of the atmosphere(mixing capability - S) and win velocity.Therefore, we performnedthe propagationcalculation for the lability category (S=7) causing the highest concentration close to -the soil, and for the most characteristic,normal stability category (S=6). In Hungary, the most unfavorable air condition (S=7) occurs with a frequency of 6.5%, while the most characteristic air condition(S=6) occurs with a frequency of 39.8%.

The results of the investigationare shown in Figs. 1113.1.2-I,-2, -3, and 4. In the figuresit is well shown,how much general increase is caused by the power plant in the concentrationsof pollutantsat various distancesfrom the stack.

The calculatedvalues shall be added to the existingpollution level - basic load - of the area. These aggregatedvalues should be comparedwith the permissible limit values of air quality.The expectedchanges in the air qualityof the settlementsof the impact area are shown in Table I1/3.123.-1.Based on the data of the table it can be stated. that. consideiing the periodical,short-time operation,and that the immissioncaused by the gas turbine, even if superposed to the basic load, shall remain below the air qualitv limit values in any of the settlements, the expected emissions of the power plant shall not result in a pemicious pollution load to the environment.

Soil quality, quality of surface and subsurface waters

Soil quality may potentially be affected by the oil manipulations (transportation. racking, storage and feeding), as well as by the contact with wastes. The nonnal operationof the plant - thanks to the applied technical protective solutions - shall have no negativeimpact on the soil.

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Thanks to the geological conditions of the area, we need not to count with the contaminationof the subsurface waters, however, the technical solutions serving for the protectionof the soil shall also serve for the protection of the subsurfacewaters.

In the plant area there are no surface water flow, water extraction or water discharge. The communal a.d fire water demand of the plant shall be satisfied by a branching from the drinking water pipeline supplying the sub-station with water. Demi water. required for the additionalwater supply used for the cooling system and, if required. for the reductionof the NOx emissionof the gas turbines, shall be transportedby road, in tank-trucks.

During the provisionalstay of the operatingstaff in the power plant approx. I cu.m communalwaste water may produce per month. It shall be collected in a closed waste water reservoirand then transportedfor disposal.

Communal wastes shall consist of the generating organic wastes and the packing materialsof the auxilAarymaterials. Their volumeshall be about 2 cu.m per year. They shall be collectedtogether with the communalwastes of the sub-station. They shall be transportedfor disposal by the local companyof public hygiene.

The hazardous wastes generating during the operation of the power plant consist of various used oils, oily rags, oil absorbents, used storage batteries and filter elements. Hazardous wastes shall be collected separately, according to sorts, and they shall temporarilybe stored in a special hazardouswaste storage place in the plant area. They shall be disposedby licensed companiesspecialized for this activity.

121 ETV-ER6TERVRt. (ER 05TER V ) PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

Impacts of the noise emission during the operation of the power plant

The potential suppliers have been informed,that the sound pressure levelmeasured at a distance of I m fromthe containerunits to be installed,respectively from the buildings may not exceed 85 dB(A). By this noise emission value we have determinedthe noise load caused by the projected power plant. According to calculations, the noise emissionof the power plant shall increase the noise load of the dwelling houses to be protected with respect to the current noise load, but it shall not cause excess values neither in day-timenor duringthe night.

Impacts on human health in the environment

The environmentalimpacts of the projectedpower plant - taking into considerationtne basic loads, too - shall remain below the limit values with respect to human health in any of the settlements of the impact area. thus the operation of the projected power plant shall not have a perniciousimpact on the health of the residents.

Social-economical impacts

The developmentconcept of the power plant is in harnony with the objectives of the Hungarian energy policy.

In January 1996 - based on the approved "Public information program" - the investors started the informationof the great public. Based on the opinions voiced during the public hearing of February 23, 1996 in Sajoszoged.and the data of the second follow- up public opinion poll it can be stated, that the majority of the concemed population supports the investmentproject.

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With regard to the great interest of the public, the investor, during the licensing procedure,shall keep informedthe concerned municipalitiesabout the most important decisions associated with the projected power plant (for examplethe selection of the technology,the fuel material, the final plant site, etc.) and shall ensure an access for the municipalityto the public documentsin connectionwith the projected power plant and for the public the possibilityof inspection nd makingcomments.

Ecological impacts

Since the ecosystemsare very complex systems, the estimationof the impacts caused by the environmentalchanges is very difficult.The projectedpower plant may have an impact on the flora and fauna through airborne emissions. The impact of the power plant shall superpose on the impact of the air pollution originating from the neighboringindustrial areas, and cannot be separatedfrom it.

Irnpacts on the landscape

The landscape shall not significantly be influenced by the sight of the power plant. since the neighboringsub-station already gives an industrialcharacter to the area. With regard to the general appearance of the projected facility, it shall fit to the existing buildings of the sub-station.The gas turbines shall have an 51 (40) m stack(s). After the completionof the buildingworks, the area shall be grassed.

11/8.3.5Expected impacts of decommissioning

The projected life time of the power plant is 30 years. After the shut-down of the plant the equipment shall be disassembledand transported from the site. The dismounted machine equipment can be recycled (iron scrap). The undergroundconcrete structures shall remain in place. No waste shall remain on the site.

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After deconmiissioningthe area shall be arranged and grassed.The landscape shall be restored accordingto the original status, however,the current use of land (ploughland) can possiblynot be restored.

The expected impacts of decommissioningare similar to those of the construction period, but somewhat smaller. We have to count primarily with air pollution and noise caused by dismountingworks and transportation.During decommissioningno negative impactor contaminationmay occur to the waters and the soil of the area.

Decommissioningand the cease of air pollution shall have a favorable influence on the flora and fauna of the region by all means. After decommissioning only the underground engineering structures shall remain in the site. In case of a complete decommissioningthese structures shall not mean "traps" which may cause damage to the ecologyof the region.

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II/8A Environmental measures

Protectionof air quality

In order to reduce the emission of nitrogen-oxides,water shall be injected into the combustion chamber of the gas turbine, which shall reduce the temperature at the critical points from the point of view of NOx generation. This solution may significantlyreduce the volume of the generatingnitrogen-oxides.

The limit values of sulfur-dioxideemission can be met by the proper selection of the fuel material.

Soil and water protection

The generating communalwaste water shall be collected and treated in a closed waste water reservoir,and then transportedfor disposal.

The technical solutions (oil-resistant tray at the oil racking station and under the pipelines and fittings, a reinforced concreteprotective ring for the tanks) shall prevent thc oil from spilling onto the soil.

An oil trap shall be built for the collectionof oily waters running down from the access road of the racking station, as well as for the collection of the oils spilling at the gas turbine units. Oily waters shall be cleaned in an oil separator.The oil concentrationof the water discharging from the separator shall not exceed 2 mg/l. The separated oil shall be pumped into a containerand then transportedfor disposal.

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The applied technology and the monitoring system shall immediately detect the leakages of the fuel and lubricatingsystems, and shall ensure the corrective measures without delay, thus minimizing the losses and the possibility of the environmental damages.

Wastes shall be collected separately, accordingto sorts, and they shall temporarilybe stored in a separate storage place in the plant. They shall be remediated by a licensed company specializedfor this activity.

Noise protection

In the projected power plant the noise protection shall be ensured by silencers, by special soundinsulations and by the light-structurecasing.

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Studies prepared and used during the environmental assessment,literature

1. 1ETV-EROTERVRt.: Secondaryreserve gas turbines.Detailed feasibility study - Saj6szoged, Budapest, 1995.

2. ETV-ERO5TERV Rt.: UCPTE secondary gas turbines, Preliminary Environmental Impact Study - Saj6szoged plant, Budapest, 1995.

3. VITUKI-InnosystemKft.: Quick-start gas turbine power plant of Saj6szoged. Detailed envirommentalimpact study - Work parts associated with surface and subsurfacewaters. Budapest, 1996.

4. National Meteorological Service - Commercial Servicing Office: Meteorologicaldata in the area of Saj6szoged. 1995.

5. Foundation "Ecological Institute for the Maintainable Development": Intermediate report - Detailed environmental impact study on the Saj6szoged power plant, Miskolc. 1996.

6. Institute of Borsod-Abauij-ZemplenCounty of ANTSZ: Intermediatereport on the work performed on the basis of Contract No. 30-5/1966. Miskolc. 1996

7. Consult-R Bt.: UCPTE secondary gas turbines. Saj6szoged plant. Detailed environmentalimpact study,work parts associatedwith noise. Budapest. 1996.

8. Gabor Bede - Ivan Gacs: Propagation of pollutants in the atmosphere, BME Engineers'Further TrainingInstitute, Budapest. 1980.

9. Dr. Ivan Gacs - Istvan Bodnar: Modeling of the propagation of air pollutants, Eroterv InformationBulletin, No. 32, Budapest. 1994.

The above studiesand literaturecan be inspectedat the followingaddress: ETV-EROjTERV Rt. - Environmental Office Budapest,Angyal u. 1-3. Istvan T6th, office head (Tel.: 215-5722)

127 ETV-ER&TERVRt. TE PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.

ATTACHMENT

Measuring data of the gas turbine block of the Kelenrold Power Plant which was pUt into operation in 1995

(measurements performed under guarantee)

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