DOCSLIB.ORG

Zeininger-Dissertation-2013

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Zeininger-Dissertation-2013 Copyright by Angel Diane Zeininger 2013 The Dissertation Committee for Angel Diane Zeininger Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Ontogeny of Bipedalism: Pedal Mechanics and Trabecular Bone Morphology Committee: Liza Shapiro, Supervisor John Kappelman Denne Reed E. Christopher Kirk Jody Jensen Brian Richmond Ontogeny of Bipedalism: Pedal Mechanics and Trabecular Bone Morphology by Angel Diane Zeininger, B.S.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin December 2013 Dedication For Roscoe, Aiden River, and Siena Rose. May you walk the path less traveled. Acknowledgements Completion of this dissertation was facilitated with the help of many people at various institutions over the course of many years. I have had the great fortune of working with some of the most considerate and dedicated mentors in the field of physical anthropology and would like to take this opportunity to thank them in turn. Applying to work with my dissertation advisor, Liza Shapiro, was the best decision I could have made. A good relationship between a graduate student and an advisor is essential for the intellectual growth of the student, and I could not have asked for a more understanding and generally awesome advisor than Liza. Liza gave me a chance and believed in me, even when I questioned myself, and I can only hope that I lived up to her expectations. From my Masters through my dissertation, Liza encouraged me to develop projects about which I was passionate but that were also reasonable and within her expertise. Liza challenged me to find the significance in my work and to always consider the bigger evolutionary picture. I thank Liza for her always honest, yet often blunt, comments, edits, and questions. Mostly, I would like to thank Liza for her never ending support throughout the emotional roller coaster that is grad school. Liza is more than just an academic advisor, she is a friend to me, my family, and all of the UT physical anthropology graduate students. In short, thank you Liza, for all of your help, sage advice, support, encouragement, and dedication that you bring to the entire UT physical anthropology graduate program. I credit Brian Richmond (Center for the Advanced Study of Hominid Paleobiology, George Washington University) for suggesting the physical anthropology graduate program at the University of Texas at Austin and in specific, for recommending v that I consider working with Liza Shapiro and John Kappelman. As my undergraduate thesis advisor, Brian first sparked my interest in trabecular bone morphology and coordinated my first trabecular bone study. More than anything, Brian has taught me the value of persistence. As my eventual co-author and dissertation committee member, Brian has offered his intellect, support, and encouragement for the past thirteen years. I thank Jody Jensen (Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Univeristy of Texas at Austin) for teaching me kinematic and kinetic data analysis and for graciously offering her Developmental Motor Control Laboratory for biomechanical data collection. In addition, Jody helped me develop the methods for, and statistically analyze the results of, my toddler walking study. Jody’s graduate students, Renate van Zandjwick and Rachel Hector were an invaluable resource when I had technical difficulties in the lab. Renate also went out of her way to recover and send me my original toddler walking trials following two catastrophic external hard drive failures in which I lost all of the analyzed data. Biomechanical data collection would not have been possible without the eighteen toddlers and their parents who volunteered to bring them in for participation in my study. I would also like to thank my wonderful and selfless graduate and undergraduate assistants who helped me escort parents and kids to and from the lab, entertain the toddlers during marker placement and removal, encourage toddlers to walk across the force plate, and run the computer during trials: Amber Heard-Booth, Kelly Manriquez, Graham Noblit, and Perla Santillan. I appreciate all of your time and help! I thank John Kappelman for encouraging me to improve my writing and presentation skills, for his understanding and offer of a TAship when I needed to work from home, and for his thoughtful discussions on how to choose my skeletal sample and analyze my foot bone scans. I am grateful to Denne Reed for his positive encouragement, vi for teaching me the value of creating a database, and for his statistical genius. Moreover, I thank both John and Denne for facilitating future access to Australopithecus afarensis fossil foot bones. I am grateful to Chris Kirk for his insightful comments, advice, and his always entertaining and inspirational lectures. I thank curators Eileen Westwig of the American Museum of Natural History as well as Linda Gordon and Darrin Lunde of the Smithonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History for access to their primate skeletal collections. Additionaly, I thank George Milner of the Pennsylvania State University for access to his original notes and for allowing me to scan human foot bones from the Norris Farms Cemetary skeletal collection. Thank you to Tim Ryan of the Pennyslvania State University for providing pilot data, CT scanning the human foot bones, and for many discussions about how to best analyze the scans. I am grateful to Matt Colbert, Rich Ketcham, and Jessie Maisano of the University of Texas at Austin CT facility for scanning my primate foot bone sample and preparing my CT scans. I am especially appreciative of all of Matt’s advice on scan settings and analysis. Previous and current UT Austin physical anthropology graduate students offered enormous amounts of moral support and entertainment throughout my graduate career. Thank you for all of your help and the great times, Joyce Parga, Stacey Tecot, Katherine Whitcome, Magdalena Muchlinski, Carrie Veilleux, Michaela Nielson, Matt Kilberger, W. Andrew Barr, Amy Whitaker, Laurel Carnes, Carl Toborowsky, Amber Heard-Booth, Brett Nachman, Gabrielle Russo, Kat Bannar-Martin, Kelsey Ellis, Jaime Mata-Miguez, Rick Smith, Addie Kemp, Sierra Castedo, and Lina Valencia! Working with this wonderful group of students was one of the highlights of my time at UT. Thank you to M. Kilberger and C. Veilleux for helping found and maintain the (albeit short-lived) journal club, and to Claud Bramblett for all of his delightful discussions of each week’s vii article. To those who came before me, thank you for sharing your successful grant applications and for reading early versions of my own applications. I am especially thankful to K. Whitcome, A. Heard-Booth, and Nicole Griffin (Temple University) for their attentive discussions on lower limb mechanics. Most recently, I thank my postdoctoral advisor, Daniel Schmitt, and colleagues at the Duke University Animal Locomotion Lab. Thank you Daniel for defining heel-strike plantigrady and for sparking my initial interest in primate pedal mechanics. Thank you for taking the time to read every single word, for the engaging discussions on heel-strike mechanics, and for always bringing the enthusiasm even when mine was lacking. I appreciate how Daniel challenged me to think outside of my comfort zone and encouraged me to consider a whole different kettle of fish. I recognize Daniel as an honorary member of my dissertation committee. Sara Doyle, Roxy Larson, Karyne Rabey, and Charlotte Miller, you have all taught me many things, incuding the value of teaching, the importance of producing high quality research, and more gross anatomy than I ever imagined possible. Thank you, ladies, for all of your support. Additionally, I am especially grateful to Charlotte Miller and Christine Wall for statistical advice. Finally, I thank Roscoe Dick for being there during my many highs and lows. Thank you for being my partner in crime and for teaching me that there is so much more to life than just work. Thanks you for your patience, for picking me up when I was down, and for being the voice of reason every time I wanted to quit. I appreciate all of the many sacrifices that you had to make in order for me to achieve my goal and begin my postdoc. I couldn’t have finished without your moral support! This dissertation was funded by a National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Impovement Grant (BCS 1028958) and the L.S.B. Leakey Foundation. viii Ontogeny of Bipedalism: Pedal Mechanics and Trabecular Bone Morphology Angel Diane Zeininger, Ph.D. The University of Texas at Austin, 2013 Supervisor: Liza Shapiro A unique pattern of pedal loading from heel-strike at touchdown to hallucal propulsion at toe-off is a distinct feature of mature human bipedalism, however, its first appearance in the fossil record is debated. The main goal of this dissertation is to identify anatomical correlates to a modern human heel-strike, rigid foot, and propulsive hallucal toe-off. First, a biomechanical analysis of toddler walking is used as a ‘natural experiment’ to investigate the influence of non heel-strike (NHS, n = 11) and immature heel-strike (IHS, n = 7) on the location of the center of pressure and orientation of the ground reaction force resultant in relation to specific foot bones during stance phase. With an expanded knowledge of foot bone loading in toddlers, a microarchitectural approach is used to test the influence of a heel-strike, rigid foot, and propulsive hallucal toe-off on trabecular bone fabric properties in an ontogenetic series of human and African ape (chimpanzee, bonobo, and gorilla) calcanei, tali, first metatarsal heads and hallucal distal phalanges. This dissertation presents the first ontogenetic analysis of pedal trabecular bone in primates.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Hairless Mutation Hypothesis
    Genes and Environment, Vol. 36, No. 3 pp. 78–88 (2014) Review The Hairless Mutation Hypothesis: a Driving Force of Humanization by Enforcing Bipedalism to Hold a Baby, by Allowing Immature Baby Delivery to Enlarge the Brain after Birth, and by Making Use of Fire to Get Meat and to Cook Foods Shizuyo Sutou1 School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Okayama, Japan Received February 27, 2014; Revised June 8, 2014; Accepted June 13, 2014 J-STAGE Advance published date: June 19, 2014 Three characteristics, i.e., bipedalism, nakedness, and Three Major Characteristics of Humans the family reproductive unit, distinguish humans from Bipedalism other primates. Once a hairless mutation was initially in- There are several characteristics which separate hu- troduced, these three could be explained inseparately. All mans from other primates such as bipedalism, practical primates except humans can carry their babies without us- hairlessness, a family as a social unit, a large neocortex, ing their hands. A hairless mother would be forced to stand small canine teeth, uses of tools, ˆre, and language, and walk upright to hold a baby. As her activities were culture, and civilization. Especially, bipedalism, practi- markedly limited, the male partner had to collect food and carry it to her to keep their baby from starving. He must cal hairlessness, and family as a social unit are consi- have been sexually accepted by her at any time as a re- dered to constitute basic key factors of the origin of ward for food. Sexual relations irrespective of estrus cy- humans. Other important characteristics such as a large cles might have strengthened the pair bond, leading to fa- neocortex and the use of tools and ˆre are considered to mily formation.
    [Show full text]
  • What Is Anthropology?
    Chapter 1 What Is Anthropology? nthropology is the scientific study of the origin, the behaviour, and the A physical, social, and cultural development of humans. Anthropologists seek to understand what makes us human by studying human ancestors through archaeological excavation and by observing living cultures throughout the world. In this chapter, you will learn about different fields of anthropology and the major schools of thought, important theories, perspectives, and research within anthropology, as well as the work of influential anthropologists. You’ll also learn methods for conducting anthropological research and learn how to formulate your own research questions and record information. Chapter Expectations By the end of this chapter, you will: • summarize and compare major theories, perspectives, and research methods in anthropology • identify the significant contributions of influential anthropologists • outline the key ideas of the major anthropological schools of thought, and explain how they can be used to analyze features of cultural systems Fields of Anthropology • explain significant issues in different areas of anthropology Primatology Dian Fossey (1932–1985) • explain the main research methods for conducting anthropological Physical Anthropology Archaeology Cultural Anthropology research Biruté Galdikas (1946–) Jane Goodall (1934–) Sue Savage-Rumbaugh (1946–) Archaeology Forensic Human Variation Ethnology Linguistic Anthropology Key Terms Prehistoric Anthropology Charles Darwin Ruth Benedict (1887–1948) Noam Chomsky
    [Show full text]
  • Class 2: Early Hominids
    Earliest Hominins CHARLES J VELLA, PHD JULY 25 2018 This is latest theory of how Lucy died! We are Mammals 3 defining mammalian traits: hair, mammary glands, homeothermy Mammalian traits show an adaptation for adaptability Miocene era: 23 to 5 Ma, Warmer global period • Ape grade: Planet of the apes • Over 30 genera and 100 species of ape – compared with 6 today • Location: Africa and Eurasia Proconsul: 25 to 23 Ma, during Miocene; arboreal quadruped Primates • Larger body size • Larger brain • Complete stereoscopic vision • Longer gestation, infancy, life span • More k-selected (tend towards single offspring) • Greater dependency on learned behavior • More social Great Apes Bonobos and Chimps split ~1 Ma Superfamily: Hominoidea Gibbons, Gorillas, Orangutan, Chimpanzee, Human Greater encephalization (brain to body ratio) = smarter larger body, brachiation, social complexity, lack of tail Why did Newt Gingrich recommend this book to all new politicians? Detailed and thoroughly engrossing account of ape rivalries and coalitions. Machiavellianism: political behavior is rooted at a level of development that is below the cognitive and is as much instinctive as it is learned. de Waal 1982 De Waal: Machiavellian IQ Machiavelli's The Prince: Frans de Waal introduced the term 'Machiavellian Intelligence' to describe the social and political behavior of chimpanzees Social behaviors: reconciliation, alliance, and sabotage Tactical deception in primates: Vervet monkeys use false predator alarm calls to get extra food Chimpanzees use deception to mate with females belonging to alpha male Chimpanzee cultures • Chimp Cultures: shared behaviors in different communities: • pounding actions • fishing; • probing; • forcing • comfort behavior • miscellaneous exploitation of vegetation properties • exploitation of leaf properties; • grooming; • attention-getting.
    [Show full text]
  • Anth 1 Lecture Note Guide – Final Exam Updated June 2, 2017 Key
    Anth 1 Lecture note guide – Final Exam Updated June 2, 2017 Key Terms – The final exam is cumulative, so review all the other study guides too. Hallux Altricial young Collateral ancestry Lucy Direct ancestry Selam (Dikika baby) taphonomy Taung child Epochs: Turkana Boy Eocene Oligocene Dmanisi Miocene Pliocene Australopithecus afarensis Pleistocene Au. africanus Holocene Paranthropus aethiopicus P. robustus Foramen magnum P. boisei (Know there are three Paranthropus) Diastema Homo habilis (includes H. rudolfensis) Sectorial first premolar H. erectus (includes H. ergaster) H. heidelbergensis + H. antecessor Cranial capacity H. neanderthalensis H. sapiens Postorbital constriction Cave art Pre-frontal cortex (frontal lobe) Hominoid / hominin / Homo Oldowan tools “Early hominins” adaptive radiation Acheulean handaxe “Early humans” adaptive radiation Lumbar curve “Archaic humans” adaptive radiation Facultative bipedalism “Modern humans” Obligate bipedalism Upper Paleolithic Precocial young Thought Questions – Answer each with a brief outline or paragraph. Include specific examples and definitions whenever possible. 1. Make another timeline, this time from memory, this time with 6 million years. Place the following on it: a. First hominins (hint, may need to draw an arrow off the timeline). b. Each of the species listed above. c. Each of the adaptive radiations listed above. d. First known use of tools e. First known use of fire f. First known obligate bipeds g. First known elderly folks h. First known sexually dimorphic pelves (in hominins) i. First known site outside Africa j. First species with definite burials k. First farming l. First writing (i.e., when written history began) 2. What is taphonomy? Why is it important in paleoanthropology? Discuss at least two examples of specific fossils with interesting taphonomic stories.
    [Show full text]
  • Hominid/Human Evolution
    Hominid/Human Evolution Geology 331 Paleontology Primate Classification- 1980’s Order Primates Suborder Prosimii: tarsiers and lemurs Suborder Anthropoidea: monkeys, apes, and hominids Superfamily Hominoidea Family Pongidae: great apes Family Hominidae: Homo and hominid ancestors Primate Classification – 2000’s Order Primates Suborder Prosimii: tarsiers and lemurs Suborder Anthropoidea: monkeys, apes, and hominids Superfamily Hominoidea Family Hylobatidae: gibbons Family Hominidae Subfamily Ponginae: orangutans Subfamily Homininae: gorillas, chimps, Homo and hominin ancestors % genetic similarity 96% 100% with humans 95% 98% 84% 58% 91% Prothero, 2007 Tarsiers, a primitive Primate (Prosimian) from Southeast Asia. Tarsier sanctuary, Philippines A Galago or bush baby, a primitive Primate (Prosimian) from Africa. A Slow Loris, a primitive Primate (Prosimian) from Southeast Asia. Check out the fingers. Lemurs, primitive Primates (Prosimians) from Madagascar. Monkeys, such as baboons, have tails and are not hominoids. Smallest Primate – Pygmy Marmoset, a New World monkey from Brazil Proconsul, the oldest hominoid, 18 MY Hominoids A lesser ape, the Gibbon from Southeast Asia, a primitive living hominoid similar to Proconsul. Male Female Hominoids The Orangutan, a Great Ape from Southeast Asia. Dogs: Hominoids best friend? Gorillas, Great Apes from Africa. Bipedal Gorilla! Gorilla enjoying social media Chimp Gorilla Chimpanzees, Great I’m cool Apes from Africa. Pan troglodytes Chimps are simple tool users Chimp Human Neoteny in Human Evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Hadar Formation Deposits at Ledi-Geraru, Afar, Ethiopia
    Journal of African Earth Sciences 112 (2015) 234e250 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of African Earth Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jafrearsci Tephrostratigraphy and depositional environment of young (<2.94 Ma) Hadar Formation deposits at Ledi-Geraru, Afar, Ethiopia * Erin N. DiMaggio a, , J Ramon Arrowsmith b, Christopher J. Campisano c, Roy Johnson d, Alan L. Deino e, Mark Warren f, Shimeles Fisseha g, Andrew S. Cohen d a Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA b School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA c Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 874101, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA d Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 E. 4th Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA e Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA f ConocoPhillips, 600 N Dairy Ashford, Houston, TX 77079, USA g Institute of Geophysics, Space Sciences and Astronomy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia article info abstract Article history: The Pliocene Hadar Formation, exposed throughout the lower Awash Valley, Ethiopia, chronicles the Received 23 January 2015 evolution and paleoenvironmental context of early hominins. Deposition of the Hadar Formation Received in revised form continued until at least 2.94 Ma, but what transpired in the Hadar Basin after this time remains poorly 21 September 2015 documented due to an erosional event that truncated the formation throughout much of the valley. Here Accepted 22 September 2015 we present geologic mapping and stratigraphic analysis of a 26 m-thick section of sedimentary rocks and Available online 30 September 2015 tephras exposed in the Ledi-Geraru project area in the region of Gulfaytu.
    [Show full text]
  • 016 PVAVYHL Hominoid
    016 Paleontología de Vertebrados y Humana Hominoidea www.aragosaurus.com PALEONTOLOGÍA DE VERTEBRADOS Y HUMANA (PAVYH ULTIMO AÑO LICENCIATURA GEOLOGÍA 2012-2013) UNIVERSIDAD DE ZARAGOZA PROFESORES: GLORIA CUENCA JOSÉ IGNACIO CANUDO JARA PARRILLA DIEGO CASTANERA VICTOR SAUQUÉ Cercopithoidea Hominoidea Caracteres de los hominoideos. Cerebro relativamente grande Escápula con fuerte acromión Cabeza articular del húmero redondeada y orientada cola ausente medialmente En la actualidad se ha demostrado un El cráneo es movimiento cuadrúpedo tanto por el relativamente suelo como por las ramas de los árboles primitivo, con pequeños molares y largos caninos Carece de cola Proconsul es el primer hominoideo del registro fósil y el más primitivo. Se ha encontrado en el Mioceno Inferior del Este de África (Kenia). La historia evolutiva de los hominoideos comenzó en África La anatomía del codo y la muñeca es similar a las formas derivadas Hominidae se divide en dos subfamilias, los Ponginae que agrupa a los orangutanes y formas relacionadas, y Homininae que agrupa a humanos, gorilas, chimpancés, y primates cercanos. Hominini cuadrúpedos bípedos Homininae Ponginae Las dos subfamilias señalan dos diferentes tipos de locomoción. Ponginae adaptada braquiadores a la vida en los árboles (como sus ancestros). Hominidae adaptada a la vida terrestre, bien cuadrúpeda o bípeda Hominidae Para algunos autores el primer representante de los homínidos es Kenyapithecus del Mioceno inferior del Este de África. Formas cercanas agrupadas en la subfamilia Kenyapithecinae también se han encontrado en el Mioceno de Turquía y Europa. Kenyapithecus presenta dientes adaptados a comer semillas y frutos secos Los kenyapitecinos presentan adaptaciones a desplazarse sobre la cara anterior de las segundas falanges de los dedos segundo a quinto (“sobre los nudillos”).
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Series N° 33
    33 World Heritage papers Human origin sites and the Heritage World in Africa Convention 33 World Heritage papers HEADWORLD HERITAGES 2 Human origin sites and the World Heritage Convention in Africa For more information contact: UNESCO World Heritage Centre papers 7, place Fontenoy 75352 Paris 07 SP France Tel: 33 (0)1 45 68 18 76 Fax: 33 (0)1 45 68 55 70 E-mail: [email protected] http://whc.unesco.org World HeritageWorld Human origin sites and the World Heritage Convention in Africa Nuria Sanz, Editor Coordinator of the World Heritage/HEADS Programme Table of Contents Published in 2012 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Foreword Page 6 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France Kishore Rao, Director, UNESCO World Heritage Centre © UNESCO 2012 Foreword Page 7 All rights reserved H.E. Amin Abdulkadir, Minister, Ministry of Culture and Tourism Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ISBN 978-92-3-001081-2 Introduction Page 8 Original title: Human origin sites and the World Heritage Convention in Africa Published in 2012 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Coordination of the HEADS Programme, UNESCO World Heritage Centre The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Outstanding Universal Value of human evolution in Africa Page 13 Yves Coppens The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization.
    [Show full text]
  • Dispute Resolution Mechanisms Among the Afar People of Ethiopia and Their Contribution to the Development Process
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Crossref Dispute resolution mechanisms among the Afar People of Ethiopia and their contribution to the Development Process KA GEBRE-EGZIABHER1 Abstract Disputes are one of the major factors negatively affecting the development process of any nation. They divert resources that could otherwise be used productively; hence, there appears to be general agreement on their undesirability (Alexander 2005). Dispute- resolution practices and peace-building mechanisms remain problematic for most societies in the world including those in Africa, as most of them are trying to imitate Western modalities instead of using their own indigenous knowledge systems and skills. The dispute-resolution practices of the ancient Ethiopians in have been established for many thousands of years, and have been used to prevent loss of life and the destruction of property. This paper reveals that the dispute-resolution practices of the Afar people of Ethiopia significantly contributed to the development process. The article reveals that it is difficult to attain development without developing dispute resolution practices and it also shows that it is difficult, though not impossible, to resolve disputes without assuring development by eliminating poverty. Thus, it concludes that the ancient Aksumite, which was one of the first four great civilizations on earth, must have developed a unique type of dispute resolution practices that enabled Ethiopia of that time to be one of the leading countries in the globe during that time. No doubt every nation has its own indigenous dispute-resolution practices. It is thus possible to resolve disputes in by using indigenous knowledge systems, instead of using Western modalities.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 25.Qxp
    LUCY’S BABY AN EXTRAORDINARY NEW HUMAN FOSSIL RENEWS DEBATE OVER THE EVOLUTION OF UPRIGHT WALKING BY KATE WONG he arid badlands of Ethiopia’s remote Afar brow and the small size of the canine teeth, among Tregion have long been a favorite hunting ground other humanlike characteristics. Further evaluation, for paleoanthropologist. Many hominins—the however, would have to wait until the fossil was group that included all the creatures in the human cleaned—a painstaking process in which the line since it branched away from that of the cementlike matrix is removed from the bone almost chimps—once called it home. The area is perhaps grain by grain with dental tools. best known for having yielded “Lucy,” the 3.2–mil- lion–year–old skeleton of a human ancestor known It took Alemseged five years to expose key ele- as Australopithecus afarensis. Now researchers ments of the child’s anatomy; many more bones have unveiled another incredible A. afarensis speci- remain obscured by the sediment. Still, the find has men from a site called Dikika, just four kilometers already surrendered precious insights into a species from where Lucy turned up. But unlike Lucy, who that most researchers believe gave rise to our own was well into adulthood by the time she died, the genus, Homo. Alemseged and his colleagues new fossil is that of an infant, one who lived 3.3 described the fossil and its geologic and paleonto- million years ago (and yet has nonetheless been logical context in two papers published in the dubbed “Lucy’s baby”).
    [Show full text]
  • Prof. Zeresenay “Zeray” Alemseged
    Prof. Zeresenay “Zeray” Alemseged Academic Appointments Current: Donald N. Pritzker Professor DEPARTMENT OF ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY AND ANATOMY UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO Previous: 2008 – 2016 Irvine Chair and Senior Curator of Anthropology Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Anthropology Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability The California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA 2004 - 2008 Senior Scientist, Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany 2000 - 2003 Postdoctoral Research Associate, Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA 1998 - 2000 Research Associate, French Center for Ethiopian Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 1991 - 1993 Junior Geologist, Paleoanthropology Laboratory, National Museum of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Educational Background 1998 Ph.D., Laboratory of Paleontology, University of Paris VI and the National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France 1994 M.Sc., Paleontology, Institute of Evolutionary Sciences, University of Montpellier II, France 1993 French Language Diploma, Cavilam de Vichy International Language School, Vichy, France 1990 B.Sc., Geology, Department of Geology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia Honors and Awards 2018 Named the Donald N. Pritzker Professor by the University of Chicago 2014 Named an Expert by the National Geographic Society 2013 Named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advacement of Science 2011 Named a Fellow of the California Academy
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    CURRICULUM VITAE DEAN FALK October, 2011 University Address and phone: Department of Anthropology Florida State University 1847 W. Tennessee Street Tallahassee, Florida 32306-7772 (850) 644-7016; fax: (850) 645-0032; email: [email protected] http://www.deanfalk.com web sites http://www.anthro.fsu.edu/people/faculty/falk.html http://sarweb.org/index.php?senior_scholar_dean_falk EDUCATION 1972-1976 University of Michigan, Ph.D. in anthropology, 1976. 1967-1972 University of Illinois, Chicago Campus; major in anthropology, minor in mathematics. Bachelor of Arts with honors, 1970; Master of Arts, 1972. 1964-1965 University of Washington; major in mathematics. 1962-1963 Antioch College, major in mathematics. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 2010-2013 Senior Scholar, School for Advanced Research; Santa Fe, New Mexico 2003-current Hale G. Smith Professor of Anthropology, Florida State University 2008-2009 Resident scholar, School for Advanced Research; Santa Fe, New Mexico 8/2002-5/2008 Chair, Department of Anthropology, Florida State University 2001-2003 Professor of Anthropology, Florida State University 1988-2001 University at Albany, State University of New York: Professor of Anthropology 1991-2001 University at Albany, State University of New York: Adjunct Professor of Psychology 1991-1992 New York University: Visiting Professor of Anthropology 1986-1988 Purdue University: Associate Professor of Anthropology 1980-1986 University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine: Asst., Assoc. (1982) Prof. of Anatomy Caribbean Primate Research Center: Curator Primate
    [Show full text]