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Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, and "Aschelminthes" - A
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE FUNDAMENTALS AND SYSTEMATICS – Vol. III - Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, and "Aschelminthes" - A. Schmidt-Rhaesa PLATYHELMINTHES, NEMERTEA, AND “ASCHELMINTHES” A. Schmidt-Rhaesa University of Bielefeld, Germany Keywords: Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, Gnathifera, Gnathostomulida, Micrognathozoa, Rotifera, Acanthocephala, Cycliophora, Nemathelminthes, Gastrotricha, Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Priapulida, Kinorhyncha, Loricifera Contents 1. Introduction 2. General Morphology 3. Platyhelminthes, the Flatworms 4. Nemertea (Nemertini), the Ribbon Worms 5. “Aschelminthes” 5.1. Gnathifera 5.1.1. Gnathostomulida 5.1.2. Micrognathozoa (Limnognathia maerski) 5.1.3. Rotifera 5.1.4. Acanthocephala 5.1.5. Cycliophora (Symbion pandora) 5.2. Nemathelminthes 5.2.1. Gastrotricha 5.2.2. Nematoda, the Roundworms 5.2.3. Nematomorpha, the Horsehair Worms 5.2.4. Priapulida 5.2.5. Kinorhyncha 5.2.6. Loricifera Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary UNESCO – EOLSS This chapter provides information on several basal bilaterian groups: flatworms, nemerteans, Gnathifera,SAMPLE and Nemathelminthes. CHAPTERS These include species-rich taxa such as Nematoda and Platyhelminthes, and as taxa with few or even only one species, such as Micrognathozoa (Limnognathia maerski) and Cycliophora (Symbion pandora). All Acanthocephala and subgroups of Platyhelminthes and Nematoda, are parasites that often exhibit complex life cycles. Most of the taxa described are marine, but some have also invaded freshwater or the terrestrial environment. “Aschelminthes” are not a natural group, instead, two taxa have been recognized that were earlier summarized under this name. Gnathifera include taxa with a conspicuous jaw apparatus such as Gnathostomulida, Micrognathozoa, and Rotifera. Although they do not possess a jaw apparatus, Acanthocephala also belong to Gnathifera due to their epidermal structure. ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE FUNDAMENTALS AND SYSTEMATICS – Vol. -
Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A
Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates. -
Torix Rickettsia Are Widespread in Arthropods and Reflect a Neglected Symbiosis
GigaScience, 10, 2021, 1–19 doi: 10.1093/gigascience/giab021 RESEARCH RESEARCH Torix Rickettsia are widespread in arthropods and Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/article/10/3/giab021/6187866 by guest on 05 August 2021 reflect a neglected symbiosis Jack Pilgrim 1,*, Panupong Thongprem 1, Helen R. Davison 1, Stefanos Siozios 1, Matthew Baylis1,2, Evgeny V. Zakharov3, Sujeevan Ratnasingham 3, Jeremy R. deWaard3, Craig R. Macadam4,M. Alex Smith5 and Gregory D. D. Hurst 1 1Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK; 2Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK; 3Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada; 4Buglife – The Invertebrate Conservation Trust, Balallan House, 24 Allan Park, Stirling FK8 2QG, UK and 5Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Summerlee Science Complex, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada ∗Correspondence address. Jack Pilgrim, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. E-mail: [email protected] http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2941-1482 Abstract Background: Rickettsia are intracellular bacteria best known as the causative agents of human and animal diseases. Although these medically important Rickettsia are often transmitted via haematophagous arthropods, other Rickettsia, such as those in the Torix group, appear to reside exclusively in invertebrates and protists with no secondary vertebrate host. Importantly, little is known about the diversity or host range of Torix group Rickettsia. -
Maiana Social and Economic Report 2008
M AIANA ISLAND 2008 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE PRODUCED BY THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS, WITH FINANCIAL SUPPORT FROM THE UNITED NATION DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM, AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FROM THE SECRETARIAT OF THE PACIFIC COMMUNITY. Strengthening Decentralized Governance in Kiribati Project P.O. Box 75, Bairiki, Tarawa, Republic of Kiribati Telephone (686) 22741 or 22040, Fax: (686) 21133 MAIANA ANTHEM MAIANA I TANGIRIKO MAIANA I LOVE YOU Maiana I tangiriko - 2 - FOREWORD by the Honourable Amberoti Nikora, Minister of Internal and Social Affairs, July, 2007 I am honored to have this opportunity to introduce this revised and updated socio-economic profile for Maiana island. The completion of this profile is the culmination of months of hard-work and collaborative effort of many people, Government agencies and development partners particularly those who have provided direct financial and technical assistance towards this important exercise. The socio-economic profiles contain specific data and information about individual islands that are not only interesting to read, but more importantly, useful for education, planning and decision making. The profile is meant to be used as a reference material for leaders both at the island and national level, to enable them to make informed decisions that are founded on accurate and easily accessible statistics. With our limited natural and financial resources it is very important that our leaders are in a position to make wise decisions regarding the use of these limited resources, so that they are targeted at the most urgent needs and produce maximum impact. In addition, this profile will act as reference material that could be used for educational purposes, at the secondary and tertiary levels. -
WOMEN and BUSINESS in the PACIFIC Anyone Seeking to Support Pacifi C Women and Contribute to Entrepreneurship, Business Development, and Private Sector Growth
Women and Business in the Pacifi c This book provides a current and comprehensive analysis of the context in which Pacifi c women engage in the private sector, as well as a detailed list of strategies to increase their participation in business. Drawing on research and data from seven Pacifi c countries, it o ers a diversity of innovative and pragmatic ways to empower women and enhance their economic opportunities. Jointly undertaken by the Asian Development Bank’s Pacifi c Private Sector Development Initiative and the Government of Australia, this study is valuable for WOMEN AND BUSINESS IN THE PACIFIC WOMEN anyone seeking to support Pacifi c women and contribute to entrepreneurship, business development, and private sector growth. About the Asian Development Bank ADB is committed to achieving a prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable Asia and the Pacifi c, while sustaining its e orts to eradicate extreme poverty. Established in , it is owned by members— from the region. Its main instruments for helping its developing member countries are policy dialogue, loans, equity investments, guarantees, grants, and technical assistance. WOMEN AND About the Pacifi c Private Sector Development Initiative PSDI is a technical assistance program undertaken in partnership with the Government BUSINESS of Australia, the Government of New Zealand, and the Asian Development Bank. PSDI supports ADB’s Pacifi c developing member countries to improve the enabling environment for business and to support inclusive, private sector-led economic growth. The support of the Australian and New Zealand governments and ADB IN THE PACIFIC has enabled PSDI to operate in the region for years and assist with more than reforms. -
Diversity of Water Bugs in Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan
Journal of Bioresource Management Volume 5 Issue 1 Article 1 Diversity of Water Bugs in Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan Muhammad Shahbaz Chattha Women University Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Bagh (AJK), [email protected] Abu Ul Hassan Faiz Women University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Bagh (AJK), [email protected] Arshad Javid University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, [email protected] Irfan Baboo Cholistan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, [email protected] Inayat Ullah Malik The University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/jbm Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, Biodiversity Commons, Entomology Commons, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Chattha, M. S., Faiz, A. H., Javid, A., Baboo, I., & Malik, I. U. (2018). Diversity of Water Bugs in Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan, Journal of Bioresource Management, 5 (1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.35691/JBM.8102.0081 ISSN: 2309-3854 online (Received: May 16, 2019; Accepted: Sep 19, 2019; Published: Jan 1, 2018) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Bioresource Management by an authorized editor of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Diversity of Water Bugs in Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan © Copyrights of all the papers published in Journal of Bioresource Management are with its publisher, Center for Bioresource Research (CBR) Islamabad, Pakistan. This permits anyone to copy, redistribute, remix, transmit and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes provided the original work and source is appropriately cited. -
Nemertean Taxonomy—Implementing Changes in the Higher Ranks, Dismissing Anopla and Enopla
Received: 27 August 2018 | Accepted: 28 August 2018 DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12317 LETTER TO THE EDITOR Nemertean taxonomy—Implementing changes in the higher ranks, dismissing Anopla and Enopla Dear Editor, José E. Alfaya3 Nemertean classification has closely followed Stiasny‐ Fernando Ángel Fernández‐Álvarez4 Wijnhoff’s scheme (1936) that was based on Schultze’s Håkan S Andersson5 (1851) division of the taxon into the two classes Anopla and Sonia C. S. Andrade6 Enopla. In August 2018, the 9th International Conference of Thomas Bartolomaeus7 Nemertean Biology took place in the Wadden Sea Station of Patrick Beckers7 the Alfred Wegener Institute in List auf Sylt, Germany. At Gregorio Bigatti3 this meeting, the community reached consensus to revise ne- Irina Cherneva8 mertean taxonomy at the class level, based on the compiled Alexey Chernyshev9,10 evidence from studies on nemertean systematics published Brian M. Chung11 in the last 15 years (Andrade et al., 2014, 2012 ; Thollesson Jörn von Döhren7 & Norenburg, 2003). Previous classifications (e.g., Stiasny‐ Gonzalo Giribet12 Wijnhoff, 1936) are not based on phylogenetic grounds, and Jaime Gonzalez‐Cueto13 the use of these names is therefore nowadays not wholly in- Alfonso Herrera‐Bachiller14 formative. With the purpose of facilitating the practical use Terra Hiebert15 of the nemertean taxonomy and also making nemertean tax- Natsumi Hookabe16 onomy reflect a wealth of more recent information, we con- Juan Junoy14 clude that the ranks Anopla and Enopla should be eliminated Hiroshi Kajihara16 with the following argumentation: “Enopla” has for long Daria Krämer7 held no more information than the name “Hoplonemertea”. Sebastian Kvist17,18 “Anopla” is paraphyletic and the name usually corresponds Timur Yu Magarlamov9 to the following traits: (a) not bearing stylet; and (b) mouth Svetlana Maslakova15 and proboscis having separate openings. -
A Dictionary of Kristang (Malacca Creole Portuguese) with an English-Kristang Finderlist
A dictionary of Kristang (Malacca Creole Portuguese) with an English-Kristang finderlist PacificLinguistics REFERENCE COpy Not to be removed Baxter, A.N. and De Silva, P. A dictionary of Kristang (Malacca Creole Portuguese) English. PL-564, xxii + 151 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 2005. DOI:10.15144/PL-564.cover ©2005 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. Pacific Linguistics 564 Pacific Linguistics is a publisher specialising in grammars and linguistic descriptions, dictionaries and other materials on languages of the Pacific, Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia, East Timor, southeast and south Asia, and Australia. Pacific Linguistics, established in 1963 through an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund, is associated with the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies at The Australian National University. The authors and editors of Pacific Linguistics publications are drawn from a wide range of institutions around the world. Publications are refereed by scholars with relevant expertise, who are usually not members of the editorial board. FOUNDING EDITOR: Stephen A. Wurm EDITORIAL BOARD: John Bowden, Malcolm Ross and Darrell Tryon (Managing Editors), I Wayan Arka, Bethwyn Evans, David Nash, Andrew Pawley, Paul Sidwell, Jane Simpson EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD: Karen Adams, Arizona State University Lillian Huang, National Taiwan Normal Peter Austin, School of Oriental and African University Studies -
RECENT PLECOPTERA LITERATURE (CALENDAR Zootaxa 795: 1-6
Oliver can be contacted at: Arscott, D. B., K. Tockner, and J. V. Ward. 2005. Lateral organization of O. Zompro, c/o Max-Planck-Institute of Limnology, aquatic invertebrates along the corridor of a braided floodplain P.O.Box 165, D-24302 Plön, Germany river. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 24(4): e-mail: [email protected] 934-954. Baillie, B. R., K. J. Collier, and J. Nagels. 2005. Effects of forest harvesting Peter Zwick and woody-debris removal on two Northland streams, New Pseudoretirement of Richard Baumann Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39(1): 1-15. I will officially retire from my position at Brigham Young Barquin, J., and R. G. Death. 2004. Patterns of invertebrate diversity in University on September 1, 2006. However, I will be able to maintain my streams and freshwater springs in Northern Spain. Archiv für workspace and research equipment at the Monte L. Bean Life Science Hydrobiologie 161: 329-349. Museum for a minimum of three years. At this time, I will work to complete Bednarek, A. T., and D. D. Hart. 2005. Modifying dam operations to restore many projects on stonefly systematics in concert with colleagues and rivers: Ecological responses to Tennessee River dam mitigation. friends. The stonefly collection will continue to grow and to by curated by Ecological Applications 15(3): 997-1008. Dr. C. Riley Nelson, Dr. Shawn Clark, and myself. I plan to be a major Beketov, M. A. 2005. Species composition of stream insects of northeastern “player” in stonefly research in North America for many years. -
Lundiana 8-1 2007.P65
Lundiana 8(1):9-12, 2007 © 2007 Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - UFMG ISSN 1676-6180 Notas sobre Naucoroidea (Hemiptera: Naucoridae). 3ra. Serie. Estudios con microscopio electrónico de barrido: corion de los huevos de Ambrysus (Ambrysus) attenuatus Montandon, Ambrysus (Ambrysus) acutangulus Montandon y Ambrysus (Ambrysus) stali La Rivers Mónica L. López Ruf División Científica de Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque, B1900FWA La Plata, Argentina. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Notes on Naucoroidea (Insecta: Heteroptera). 3rd. Series. Scanning electron microscopy studies: the chorion of the eggs of Ambrysus (A.) attenuatus Montandon, A. (A.) acutangulus Montandon and A. (A.) stali La Rivers. Chorionic sculpturing differs interespecifically in Ambrysus Stål. The eggs of three species were examined with scanning electron microscopy, described and illustrated. Different patterns on the chorion were found in the three species. In A. acutangulus and A. stali, a rounded area with different pattern appears at the anterior pole and the design disappears near the micropyla. In A. attenuatus the pattern is uniform on the surface. Keywords: Heteroptera, Naucoridae, morphology, eggs, chorion. Introducción Material y métodos El corion de los huevos de las Naucoridae no se ha descripto Los huevos fueron obtenidos de los oviductos de hembras tradicionalmente debido, quizás, a que sus tramas superficiales colectadas en una campaña a finales de la primavera, en el se encuentran en el límite de resolución de los microscopios Parque Provincial Salto Encantado del Valle del Cuñá Pirú estereoscópicos y son opacos para los microscopios ópticos. El (Provincia de Misiones). Debido a la época, las hembras de MEB brinda la posibilidad de observarlos con claridad. -
A Print Version of All the Papers Of
LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 15:2 February 2015 ISSN 1930-2940 Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D. Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D. B. A. Sharada, Ph.D. A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D. Lakhan Gusain, Ph.D. Jennifer Marie Bayer, Ph.D. S. M. Ravichandran, Ph.D. G. Baskaran, Ph.D. L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D. C. Subburaman, Ph.D. (Economics) N. Nadaraja Pillai, Ph.D. Assistant Managing Editor: Swarna Thirumalai, M.A. Materials published in Language in India www.languageinindia.com are indexed in EBSCOHost database, MLA International Bibliography and the Directory of Periodicals, ProQuest (Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts) and Gale Research. The journal is listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals. It is included in the Cabell’s Directory, a leading directory in the USA. Articles published in Language in India are peer-reviewed by one or more members of the Board of Editors or an outside scholar who is a specialist in the related field. Since the dissertations are already reviewed by the University-appointed examiners, dissertations accepted for publication in Language in India are not reviewed again. This is our 15th year of publication. All back issues of the journal are accessible through this link: http://languageinindia.com/backissues/2001.html Contents RIP RP: In Search of a More Pragmatic Model for Pronunciation Teaching in the Indian Context ... Anindya Syam Choudhury, Ph.D., PGCTE, PGDTE, CertTESOL (Trinity, London) 1-11 Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 15:2 February 2015 List of Contents i Enhancement of Public Speaking Skill through Practice among Teacher-Trainees in English: A Study .. -
Quicksilver Deposits of Steens Mountain and Pueblo Mountains Southeast Oregon
Quicksilver Deposits of Steens Mountain and Pueblo Mountains Southeast Oregon GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 995-B A CONTRIBUTION TO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY QUICKSILVER DEPOSITS OF STEENS MOUNTAIN AND PUEBLO MOUNTAINS, SOUTHEAST OREGON By HOWEL WILLIAMS and ROBERT R. The object of this survey was to examine the quicksilver deposits with the hope of locating large tonnages of low-grade ore. The deposits occur in the south-central part of Harney County and are more than 100 miles from either Burns, Oreg., or Winuemucca, Nev., the nearest towns. The region is sparsely settled by stockmen; Fields, Denio, and Andrews are the only settlements. The range consisting of Steens Mountain and Pueblo Mountains is a dissected fault block, 90 miles long in a north-south direction and as much as 25 miles wide, tilted gently to the west. Pre-Tertiary rnetarnorphic and plutonic rocks occur at the southern end, but most of the block consists of Pliocene volcanic rocks. The major boundary faults on the east side of the range are concealed by alluvium. Minor northwestward-trending faults branch from them, their throws diminish ing toward the crest of the range; other minor fractures occur near, and parallel to, the mountain front. The quicksilver lodes were formed in and along these subsidiary fractures. The lodes occur in a more or less continuous belt just west of the eastern front of the range. They are steeply dipping and arranged in subparallel clusters, commonly standing out as resistant siliceous ribs against the softer kaolinized rocks that flank them. The lodes were formed in two hydrothermal stages, the first producing the reeflike masses of chalcedony and quartz with their halos of limonitic and calcitic clays and the second introducing silica and barite along with sulfides of iron, copper, and mercury.