T H E TLAWS O F K ATH I AWAR

ND

O T H E R S T UDI E S .

BY

I I . A K I N A D . S C C . 0 . . i

BO MBAY

T T P ER I NT E D A T H E IMES RESS .

1905 .

T o

T H E C H I E F S A ND PE O P L E O F

K A T E I A W A R

GR A T E F UL R E CO GNI T I O N O F T lgE

H A PP I E S T YE A R S O F MY L I F E

S PE NT I N T H E I R MlD S T

T H I S VO L UME I S

I N S CR I B E D .

P R F A C E E .

I N de fe re n ce to t h e re p e at e d re qu e sts of some of my n ative frie n ds I have ve n ture d

m e in m t h e w n to co pil , book for , follo i g article s o n Kathiawar an d kin dre d subj e cts .

I should h ave like d to e n tire ly alte r t h e form of t h e se rie s o n t h e O u tlaws of Kati na w ar which we re origin ally mould e d to suit t h e re quire me n ts of a daily p ap e r . As official dutie s pre ve n t e d me from doin g so as u a s I e I n a e e f lly wish d , fi lly d cid d to

n m a me re ly re pri t the s th e y first appe are d .

I ma e se e a a e m w d v r l tt pts , but ithout suc

e a n a sa fa a c ss , to obt i tis ctory photogr ph , w m t e e a s a n e e a hich igh s rv fro tispi c , of

n a thoroughbre d Kathi stallio . For without such a photograph I am afraid that it will E v i PR E FA C .

b e difficult to c o n vi n c e my re ade rs of t h e

e xtraordin ary re se mblan ce b e twe e n t h e Kathi

e an d t h e a e thoroughbr d Phidi s hors . But if

t h e curiosity of an yon e should b e s uffic i

e n tly arouse d to mak e h im wish to himse lf

t e st my state me n t I c an o n ly assure h im

th at t h e ge n ial Th akor S ahib of W adhwan f will b e on ly too pl e a se d to sh e w to an y

‘ ’ e a a e e visitor his b utiful K thi hors R do .

I m in n n e e m an ust , co clusio , xpr ss y th ks

to t h e Editors of t h e T imes of I n dia an d C E a s t a n d W es t e e m n of , with whos p r issio

t h e e n n a e are e e sui g rticl s r produc d .

C . A . K . C O N T E N T S

OUT LAW S O F K AT HIAW AR

A GUJARAT I NOVEL

T H E PA RSIS A ND HELLENIC INF LUEN CE 1 1 1

E T Y O F T H E A PA MAK A T H S OR H R L W NA . 1 83

ENVOI

T W A R O UT L A W S O F K A H I A .

C H AP R TE I .

G A ND T T HEIR ORI IN HIS ORY.

A T R A VE L L E R by t h e train from Wa dhwan to

R a ko t e a e e a a ab u n d 3 j , who c r s to whil w y his

n e e e n t h e an a e a t l isur by obs rvi g l dsc p ,

c an n ot but b e struck by t h e walls th at surroun d e ve ry v illag e in sig ht an d by t h e

- e s a a s in t h e c 0 H watch tow r th t , Scot h igh

an e n a e a e n n e e e e e l ds , bl s ti l to obs rv v ry move me n t amon gst t h e n e ighbouri n g hills

n a e h e c a e e n e h e a d p ss s . If r s to quir will b e e n am n a n m e an c giv , o gst u b r of f iful or

a e e a n e t h e e e a n a t h e c r l ss sw rs , tru r so , th t w alls an d t h e w atch - towe rs h ave a common

n i h e a a h e origi n t e f r of outl ws . If pursu e his r e se arch e s furthe r h e will l e arn th at durin g t h e last c e n tury a t l e a st thre e British o ffi c ers w e re c apture d a n d e ith e r h e ld to ran som or murde re d th at in t h e sixtie s Colo n e l K e at in g e d e scrib e d K athi awar W S F K T W 2 O UT L A O A HIA AR.

m a e a n a a as t h e ost l wl ss p rt of I di , th t

within t h e l a st twe lve ye ars a British offic e r w a s shot wh e n chargin g an e n tre n c h e d

o n an d a n a e a a an positi , th t o ly l st y r b d of

outl a w s w e re d e stroye d by t h e c ommo n e xe r

tio n s of t h e Ch u da Admin istration an d t h e

b e t h e e Ag e n c y Polic e . It will obj ct of

this an d su c c e e din g article s to give an

e xpl an atio n of t h e c aus e s of t h e c o n tin uous

outl awry in Kathiawar an d an accou n t

e n a e a e e a of t h pri cip l l d rs who, lik J ck

e a a n d a e a a e Sh pp rd Cl ud Duv l , h v , with

me e me t h e e n a e n ti , b co c tr l figur s of so gs

e e n an d l g ds . P e rh aps t h e most import an t fa ct in c o n n e c t io n with th e se outl aws is th at th e y fall

n a t a n e e c a e e a ur lly i to thr groups , whi h h v r lly

e n o c n n e c n e a e littl or o tio with ch oth r . T h e first group I sh all d e sc ribe as Gira sia

a t h e e c n e e t h e outl ws , s o d group w r W ag h ir re b e ls a n d t h e third g roup we r e — — ordin ary d ac oits c h ie fiv Mian as such a s

are n n e e n e n a T h e k ow to v ry provi c of I di . first group are b y t h e far t h e most in t e re st L in g an d are clos e ly akin to t h e outl aws of I 3 T H E I R O R I GI N A N D H S TOR Y.

b e e me m e e e arly E n glish history . It will r b r d

’ that wh e n t h e E arl of H u n t in g do n s prop e rty

’ w as take n away by Joh n s Re ge n c y Gove rn me n t h e a e e e e e t a n e e n , g th r d tog th r his r i rs , w t

n e o f e an d n e t h e n ame o f i to Sh rw od or st , , u d r

n t o da in n an a Robi Hood , is this y E gl d

ma e hous e hold word . His pri ry obj ct w a s n o t mm f e n e a h e rac t i to co it o f c s , lthough p

e w a m a n n e . s a e c lly did othi g ls His wish, to k t h e admin istra tio n of th at p art of t h e ki n g

m e H e e e e an d w as u do m i possibl . succ d d th s able to re cove r from t h e c e n tral authority

an e T h e ‘ his se que ste re d lan ds d titl . Gira sia outlaws of t h e Sourashtra Pe n i n sul a a c t e d o n

e ac t h e ame n e . e e e a x tly s li s Th y w r usu lly , — although by n o me an s al ways for a s late as 1 9 02 t h e Judi c i al Assistan t con vi c te d a ban d of Mah o me dan s who h ad go n e o u t — a gain st Ju n ag adh K athi lan dhold e rs who h ad be e n tur n e d out of th e ir villa ge s by more

n e e n c pow e rful e ighbours . Th y th all e d out

th e ir se rv an ts a n d re l ativ e s an d rava ge d an d

m e e d n i e e e e e e e m n a e urd r u t l th y w r ith r xt r i t d ,

n t h e n - e re alis e d t h at e a e at or u til wro g do r v p c

a n y pri c e w as his o n ly hop e o f c o n ducti n g t h e F K T H A W A R 4 O UT L A W S O A I .

a a a n d e n a e d t h g ove rn me n t of his t luk r i st t e

an e a an S c aw s outlaw in his c str l l ds . u h outl

- we re imme n s e ly a ssist e d by t h e sub division of t h e p e n in sul a in to n ume rous State s an d t h e fact th at e ach Sta te co n tin u ally thre ate n

e an n e e e d to swallow up its subj ct l dow rs . Th y we re the re fore t h e more willi n g to a ssist a n e ighbourin g squire in his e n d e avours to

T h e m an e a e t t c e . a g jus i circu st c , lso , th t although th e ir a cts w e re both crimin al an d c e e aim w a s in t h e e n n ru l , th ir , xisti g co di

t h e n t h e e ma e e e tio n of cou try , l giti t r dr ss

ei e an c e e n e a n c n e in of th r gri v s , g r lly i li d

a c n n i a w a the ir f vour publi opi io , wh ch l ys h e ard with approval t h e complian ce of

e e m n a chie f with th ir d a ds . I have s aid th at t h e Gira si a outla w s we re usually

a an d ma n o t e e f e b e K this , it y , th r or , out of pl a c e to discuss h e re t h e origin of th is

an e an d a e mm n h as str g w rlik co u ity , which giv e n t h e mode rn n ame of K at h iaw ad ( t h e wall - girt l an d o f t h e Kathis) to t h e S o u ra sh

a e n n u a t r P i s l .

A lt h o u h t h e a e e a an A la g l t Chi f of J sd , c

’ e a n e e e e at a Ch aran s an Ch l , o c r c iv d h ds T H E R R GI N A N D H S T 5 I O I I O R Y.

"6 a tre me n dous re buke for his a sse rtio n that t h e at h e e t h e e a t h e a K his r qu l of R jputs , it se e ms ce rtai n that t h e forme r h ave be e n

fa t h n m in n a by r e lo ge r ti e I di . Th e y the ms e lve s d e rive t h e n ame Kathi fror c t h ian (S kut h o s) an d w e re c e rtai n ly in d B n a in C . n e e I i t h e sixth c e n tury . I d d th e y a pp e a r to h ave b e e n o n e of t h e e arlie st w av e s of that flood of in vasio n whi c h re p e ate dly ove r w h e lme d In dia un til t h e Sikh mo n archy c los e d o n c e an d for all t h e n e n a e T a t h e a e o f t h e a t orth r p ss s . h t f t K hi

9 T h e famo us lines w ri t ten by t h e Chara n and sung t o A la Chela in o D I t o ro r o o w pen urbar, venture ughly t anslate as f ll s

o w o f r C l o w By eating r s pea ls , a Can neve r h o pe t o be a s w an A o o o m nkey , th ug h erect he g , m n H a s ne ver yet bec o me a a ; T h e d e w that glistens o n the st o ne But m o cks the grateful mo nso o n sh o w e r

A o r w o jackal , g ged ith every b ne , ’ Ye t vainly apes the lio n s po w er ’ A n as s beneath a h o rse s l o ad

A n ass remains , as all may see ' T h e Chat an s s o ng alth o ug h it g o ad

o r t o Must yet c nsidered t uth be , A la I w f o r o u , rite these lines y , aF o r vain an d empty is yo ur pride R ajput a K athi never g rew H o w ever hard he may have tried " T h e p o int o f t h e first t w o lines lies in the belief that a swan retains w n its hiteness by eati g pearls . 6 O UT L A W S O F K A T H IA W A R . in vad e rs w as l e ss fortun at e than that of

ét e a e m n t h e R ajpu t s w as du e to th e ir rli r co i g . T h e pow e r of t h e Aryan con qu e rors o f

n a w as n e n an d a I di still u brok , lthough t h e Kathis might forc e th e ir w ay i n to t h e

e a e n n a e e n o t e m . g r t p i sul , its spoils w r for th But at t h e time of t h e Raj put i n va sio n n n e e n e a e n a e e n e a e i c turi s l t r , I di pr s t d v ry

ffe e n e ac e n o w e a n a di r t sp ct l . It is c rt i th t t h e origi n al Aryan in va de rs we re at fi rst

e me n T h e affin e e e c whit . ity of th ir sp h with Europ e an to n gu e s is t h e usu ally a cc e pt

‘ d i e n e e e e a e e v d c . But th r xists still

n e e m n e n o t n s t le d stro g r t sti o y . Th y o ly v th e mse lv e s t h e Arya s or n oble me n ( t h e

o an d K a at h o i e e e a Arist i g ) , but th y w r lso t h e me n o f t h e a n a an d a W r or colour , th t th at colour w as whi t e may b e gathe re d from t h e e pithe ts of bla ck d e mo n s with which

h e e a l e t h e a c a t y lib r l y suppli d Sudr s . Su h distin c tion would b e me an in gle ss un l e ss t h e diffe re n c e in colour w as so ma e a ( rk d th t at n e m - - it o c e t e v e ry e y e . Now a days t h e k e e n e st sigh t c ould n o t diffe re n tiat e b e

F o r S o ' n o f R u t vide T o R Vo l. I . the cy thia rig in the ajp s , d s ajasthan ,

L A W O F K H W A 8 O UT S A T IA R .

a t h e a e n an Ramc h an dr . But M c do i s would

n n m t h e a m n I n t h e e take othi g fro Br h i . doubl

e o f an d e e n m e prid colour of H ll is , th y “ ” e M e dise an d a e e n - re fus d to , ft r tw ty two

c e n turie s t h e Brahmin h as n e ithe r forgotte n

n e n n e e a n o r forgive . Wh six hu dr d y rs

late r an oth e r S c ythian storm swe pt ove r

h ma a a t h e an e me t h e t e Hi l y s , Ary w lco d

< T h e e - a a n n m in vad e rs . Gr co B ctri Ki gdo s w e n t down lik e a hous e of c ards an d t h e Br ahmin se t himse lf to w e ave in t e rmin able g e n e alogie s con n e cti n g t h e Raj put with

t ri —da a c an n t h e K slS a . To y S ythi sits o t h e thron e of Ud aipur an d t h e I n dian l an gu age s con tain n o more bitte r e pithe t “ ” for t h e fore ign e r th an Ya va n t h e u n

an d n e m a e n an T h e couth co t ptuous M c do i .

a e e ame a t a n e K this , how v r , c l st i to th ir

n m n e a e a a w an Ki gdo . For rly y rs

e n e in 4 A D e 1 00 . . e n e e d ri g trib , th y t r d K athiawar from Cut c h an d s e iz e d Than

an d a m t h e a Parmar Chotil fro Sodh s . At

me e b e e af e man first r rob rs , th y t r y strug gle s e stablishe d th e mse lve s at t h e bre ak up o f t h e Mogul e mpire firmly in t h e H E I R I I N A N D H T R T R O G IS O Y.

h e n e t e n c e . e e e h o w c tr of provi Th y w r , 3 e e e t h e e e t h e me v r, lik Sikhs b for ti of

R an it sin a e n n fe e a c an d j g , loos ly k it co d r y , th e y we re un able in t h e 1 8t h c e n tury to make h e adway a ga in st t h e growin g powe r of Ju n agadh The n it w as that man y of t h e smalle r l an dhold e rs wrote ove r p art of t h e ir lan ds to t h e surroun di n g admin istra

tio n s in orde r t o se cure prot e ction for th e ir

e ma n e m s e e n w a s r i d r. But this pro i d prot ctio

n a a e n e a o t lways obt ain e d . It ofte n h pp d th t wh e n t h e prot e cti n g S t ate h ad ac quire d p art

’ 3 t h e a an n e e t h e of K this l d , it hu g r d for

ma n a e e . e n e e r i d r It would th provok qu rr ls, an d o n some pre te xt or othe r violat e its

a e e m n as e t h e a gr e t . It w us l e ss for K thi to

’ e e e re in t h e a e o w n s k r d ss St t s Courts , so ,

a n e e e an an d e a e an d c lli g tog th r his s rv ts r l tiv s , placi n g his wife an d childre n in some frie n dly

e e h e n a o n t h e me sh lt r , would tur his b ck ho

e a e e am h ad e e n e st d wh r his f ily liv d for c turi s ,

an d ma n t h e Gr e e , ki g ir his Sh rwood for st , proc e e ds to rob an d murd e r in e ve ry dire c

n n e a e ac e e e e tio u til d th , tr h ry , or , r dr ss clos d

e e his pictur squ e but ban e fu l care r . 10 L A W O F K A A O UT S W R.

T h e s e co n d group we re rathe r re be ls

e e h W i th an outlaws . T h y w re t e ag h i s of O kh aman d al o n t h e n orth-we ste rn pro mo n

a e h ad a a e e n tory of Kathiaw r . Th y lw ys b

a e n c a an d in e a me h ad turbul t l ss , rly ti s b e e n t h e most d a rin g pirate s in t h e

a b an e a e are a n u an d Ar i s s . Th y p rtly Hi d

a a man an d ffe e n e e n p rtly Muss l , di r c of r ligio 0 forms c uriously e n ough n o b ar to in te r

ma a e e e firs t e a i rri ge . Th y w r h rd of n

n - n an e n in 1 804 e A glo I di history , wh th y plun de re d a ve sse l from Bombay T h e

a e lfo w e v e r all t h e ate e w as c us , , of l r troubl t h e re additio n in 1 81 7 o f Okhaman d al by

t h e e n me n t h e ae a British Gov r t to G kw r . T h e distan c e of Okhaman dal from B arod a re n d e re d it impossibl e for t h e l atte r a d

m n a t n e e n e e i istr io to prop rly gov r it . Thr ye ars l a t e r t h e Gae kwa r h ad to c all in a British forc e u n de r Colon e l Stan hop e to

m w a a T h e W a h irs e n e ma n stor D rk . g th r i

e d u e n t h e n n e n o t q i t u til Muti y , whe th y

n e t h e a a a e n o ly drov out M r th Gov r or , but a c tually le d an arme d force i n to British

a a a e e e e fe a e n e K thi w r . Th y w r d t d by Colo l T R Y 1 1 T H E IR O R I GIN A N D H I S O .

H o n n e r in 185 9 an d e e me h a , it s d t t

n e a e m a t h e la st h ad be e h rd of th . As matte r of fac t t h e worst storm w as ye t to c me I n 1 862 t h e e n n e an o . r ow d Mulu M ik with othe r W ag h irs brok e out from t h e

e a an a a an d e a a n d R v K th j il , it took six y rs t h e live s of two British offic e rs to ag ai n

n a n c e re st ore p e ace in t h e u h ppy provi . T h e third group would b e t h e le a st ’ in te re stin g we re it n o t th at t h e g an g- robbe rs of Kathiaw ar h ave usu ally be e n compose d

a n n e a Mia n as of Si dhi fishi g trib c lle d . Ori

9 in all e t e in c Mo r i e g y s t l rs Cut h , j , Chi f of

a a in an e e e n an M li , vil hour for his d sc d ts in vite d the m ove r to h e lp h im agai n st t h e a e n m a m me n ggr ssio s of Morvi . Fro th t o t

' th e y have be e n t h e curse of M alia a n d

n e e all a a T h e i d d of K thiaw r . story goe s th at o n e day in B aroda a Mian a p a sse d an Arab at praye rs an d a ske d h im what h e e a e a h e a T h e a f r d th t should pr y . Ar b

e e t h t h a e n e a e . T h e an a r pli d a o ly f r d God Mi

e e d h a h e h l c me a a r tort t t s ou d o to M li , for e e n e did n o t fe ar s t h e an v God th y re . B ds of this tribe have re p e ate dly gon e in to I R 12 O UT L A W S O F K A T H A W A . outlawry an d have e ve n baffle d t h e e fforts of ( O n e t h e m t t e me re gular troops . of os roubl so

an w as e e in 1 89 2 h e n e e n an b ds d stroy d , w Li ut t

m n le d n w a s e . n e a a Gordo kill d A oth r f ous b d ,

Ju ma Gran w a s e e in 1 894 t h e by d , d stroy d by

e e n e n e n e n e n e an d pr s t Sup ri t d t of Ag cy Polic , , as a e a a e n a e a a an a I h v s id bov , o ly l st y r Mi

an w a s e m n n a a b d xt e r i ate d e r Chud .

Bu t e a h m n in c, p rh ps t e ost striki g figure this

w as n o t a an a at all a third group Mi , but me mbe r of t h e Atit or re ligious me n dican t c a e an d w as n n t h e e a a st , k ow by titl of B v

D e v ar c a n n a e a e a n g . I h ve o t b e e bl to sc rt i

a e h im s n a in wh t drov fir t i to outl wry , but

1 89 8 e n e a n ame h e h ad , wh I first h rd his ,

e e n a ac me e a H e w as a man b d oit so six y rs . o f ability an d e n te rpris e an d prob ably tire d o f t h e a n e t h e e a an d e e n a s ffro rob of b gg r v tu lly ,

e S m e n e a a a . a e i lik Mr W ll r his rly d ys , dopt e d t h e course of t aki n g from his n e ighbo urs

t h e n a h e c e e a e e m t h e thi gs th t ov t d , to sp r th

e o f e n h im e a e e a w as troubl r fusi g . His gr t st f t u n doubte dly t h e s a c k o f N aw an ia fa mod e rate

e a n in e t u r H e ad van t siz d K thi tow J p . took “ ” ag e o f a Jan or marriage proce ssion in A N I T R 1 3 T H E IR O R IGIN D H S O Y. whic h all t h e Kathi population h ad take n part

n an a h e n to e n te r a d thoroughly r s ck t tow . T h e face s of t h e we ddin g gue sts o n the ir re turn home may b e b e tte r imagin e d than de scribe d . It do e s n o t s e e m th at h e e v e r

an e a an ac t h e e t org is d b d of d oi s , but k p c lose ly in touch with t h e disorde rly me mbe rs

th e a e mm n t e A n d t h e a c ac of vill g co u i i s . c ur y of his i n formatio n w a s n o doubt gre atly du o ” t c as t e me n in t h e b h an av a to his A it , who g garb of t h e an chorite wan de re d up an d dow n t h e n a n n n e c D e v ar cou try , obt i i g ws by whi h g w as n o a a e h ad t slow to profit . If vill g r a am a e e f ily qu rr l , if his crops or his wif h a d e e n c a e n a a a an a b for ibly t k w y , if B i h a d in n n n h im u , his opi io , wro gfully sold p, it w a s n o t lo n g b e fore o n some d ark n ight h e

b e n n e b t h e a n e would co fro t d y t ll , thi figur of t h e e a a n e h im gr t d coit , who would i troduc

e a s t h e a a h a d a e Naw an ia s lf B w who s ck d .

’ T h e village r s scruple s would b e artfully ove r

me t h e a n h O e a e e e n e co by d z zli g p of cru l r v g .

n -t a b e an n e t h e A igh r id would skilfully pl d , e n e m an d t h e a e e a n y shot , vill g r , l ft to h g

7 7 7 whil e D e v g ar w as ove r t h e bord e r an d aw a L A W F K A T H I W I 4 O UT S O A A R . lo ad e d with e v e ry thi n g th at h e could lay his

s a fi f n t o n . we e n e u e s e as h an ds Ho v r, fut ,

a e an h im a e w as writte n of a gre t r th . C ptur d

e a e in a e e h e w as while n g g d p tty robb ry ,

a a e an d a e t e e n be t ray e d by his ssoci t s , ft r thir y e ars of outlawry w as e xe c ute d e arly this ye ar

B n a a e a n o e e an at h av g r . By his d th f w r th thirte e n c a se s of da coity an d murde r ab ate d

m t h e t h e e n t h e e n fro court of Ag t to Gov r or . His life story h as be e n too re c e n t to hav e y e t

a e e n man e in se e n g th r d rou d it ro c , but sub qu t chapte rs I hop e to giv e some accoun t of t h e tal e s an d ballads that h ave b e e n wov e n rou n d t h e e a ac e a e m gr t d oits of rli r ti e s .

F T W 1 6 O O T L A W S O K A H I A A R.

am so n a a a a b e t h e more f ous , B v V l , who will

a e T h e a t ale h o w subj e c t of a l at e r ch pt r . of

Ran in g Vala we n t out i n to outlawry affords a

vivid e x ampl e of t h e e arlie r i n trigu e s of

Kathi awar State s an d of t h e mistake s in to which i n sufficie n t kn owle dge h as some time s

n n T h e a e le d t h e British a dmi istratio . f th r of

n n a a h ad e a a a Ra i g V l , with oth r V l K this ,

« e st ablish e d himse lf in t h e Gir an d from th e n ce

h ad se c ur e d t h e districts of Visava d ar an d

I n 1 7 82 e all e e Ch eln a . th y wrot ov r to

u n a a e e e n a J g dh , to s cur its prot ctio , h lf of the ir l an ds an d re tai n e d for the ms e lve s t h e

e we e n o o e othe r h alf. Th y r d ubt troubl some

n e a n d in 1 7 9 4 t h e Na ah w as a ighbours , w gl d to gi ve his sh are of Visavadar a n d Ch e ln a as

ma a e n t a a rri g portio o t h e Chie f of B n twa .

le d a e an d a s t h e an a e This to qu rr ls , B tw Chi f

S ee 15 page . T h e o riginal is s o fin e that I canno t but transcribe it D brn Chale Mer u dage Mahipat mele man J o g o ki jati kare K h at ri v at K u n h ma .

R ( eade rs acquainted w ith Gujarati m ust n o t be su rp rised if fin d o b T h e h r n they the ab ve unintelligi le . C a a bat is as difi e re n t ro o r n f m di ary Gujarati as t h e lang u ag e o f b o rder mi n ale ro E str y is f m n g lish . 1 7 R A N I N G VALA .

‘ w as n a e e t h e u n it e d a u bl to cop with K this , h e de xt e rously S pre ad amo n g th e m disse n sion an d plac e d Val a Ran i n g in posse ssio n of t h e

a e an e at a e a a a a e st t s of oth r K hi c ll d M tr V l . T h e latte r w e n t in to outlawry an d join e d t h e

a a a e e Mu lh arrao an d e e e M r th r b l , , th y w r too

T h e a h man an n a a . e e e y for R i g V l l tt r , ow v r ,

Mu lh arrao e a e an d got rid of by tr ch ry ,

a at e n m a w as in lthough first driv fro Dh ri ,

’ h e e n d t h e h e t h e Gae kw ar s t , with lp of

e n me n m e n a e in Gov r t , fir ly r i st t d both his

’ n a a a a an T h e a o w n a d V l M tr s l ds . l tt e r Q n n e an a n de at h e n co ti u d outl w u til his , wh

his o n e a h e r n an so n a widow , b h lf of i f t , H rsur

Mala e e n e n e a e , succ ssfully p titio d Colo l W lk r

’ a a a a an n to b e re store d V l M tr s l ds . Colo e l

e e n mm e m a H Walk r th co itt d two ist ke s . e

’ e e e an n a a m a a a an j ct d R i g V l fro H rsur V l s l ds .

w as n a e a e an n a a h ad This u f ir, b c us R i g V l

e e e m e e t h e a n s cur d th b for British occup tio .

A n d f e e n n a le e , urth r , b i g u b to prop rly

n s e e e n t h e h disti gui h b tw rig ts of both , Colo n e l W alke r h an de d ove r to H arsur Vala n o t

’ ’ n a a a a e a e oR an in s a s o ly M tr V l s st t , but g “ e n an n e an d a e . n e r w ll Th R i g w t out , ft A 18 O H T L A W S O F R A T H I A W R .

e a e e a n h is so n a a a a some y rs di d , l vi g , B v V l , fi e e t h e fam c laim a a a a to pros cut ily B v V l ,

a t e a a n an in 1 82 0 w as by his c p ur of C pt i Gr t , a ble to move t h e British Gove rn me n t to

’ m a an T h e re store h i his f th e r s l ds . Gov

n me n t e e c mm e e t a n h e e r , how v r, o itt d y ot r

a e e e a a a a mist k . For it r stor d to B v V l

’ ’ n o t n R an in s an H arsu r s a s o ly , g l ds but “ ” e e n a e n a n d u w ll . Th H rsur w t out , fo r

e ar a e t h e n e n e e e t h e y s l t r, to i t s r li f of

e n ma e a m n a t a o n a a Ag cy , d id ight t ck B v

’ Vala s village an d murde re d h im an d n e arly

0 e n l h n all his follow rs . Fi a ly t e Ju agadh

a in a o f e e an d Durb r , fit d p virtuous

n n a n n a e t h e an i dig tio , co fisc t d l ds of both — “ p artie s a n d re tain s the m still be atus ” i s po ss de n .

an n a n o t t h e a h e a R i g, lthough popul r ro th t

so n a a af e a e a me w as his B v t rw rds b c , still

man n a e a t h e su bj e c t of y so gs . It pp rs tha t

e n a a a e n n a h e e wh Gir si w t i to outl wry , ros

o w n a n d t h e u e ma n H in his p blic sti t io . e

a ssume d t h e titl e o f ki n g a n d in ve s te d some — n e e dy Ch anan with t h e some wha t ill p aid

’ o f t e T h e h a n w a s post Cour po t. C ra s duty R N I N L 1 9 A G VA A .

n e t h e ma e an d in e u n to glorify or co sol st r , r t r

e e e n o I e u lar a a a n a n d r c iv d g p y , but r tio a ’ T h share in t h e outlaw s spoils . e followi n g is t h e lon ge st an d most ambitious b alla d o n

an n a a h a a e me t c R i g V l t t I h v with . It o n

a n me fin e n e ma e t i s so li s , but is rr d by gross e a e a n n e an x gg r tio . To u d rst d it t h e re ad e r m t e e e a e ma n a n H us x rcis littl i gi tio . e must pictu re to hims e lf a lo n e ly cave in t h e Girn ar

n a n a e am an d a hills , lit o ly by tiv l p wood

r fire . Rou n d t h e fire a e warmin g th e mse lve s

an n an d an a e e n R i g his b d , who h v r tur e d from t h e a e a a e n a Girasias c ptur of h lf doz R thor , an d are d e batin g wh e the r th e y will murd e r th e m in re v e n g e for t h e loss of o n e of th e ir o n me e e m a n w mb rs or hold th to r som. T h e

a an me m n a h as Ch r , who for so o ths p st pro

a e c e e n o e a m e t h e b bly r iv d r w rd , i prov s oc c a sio n by first flatte ri n g t h e robb e r chie f an d

m e n o n h im t h e a the n i pr ssi g dvan ta ge s of — me rc y advan tage s of whic h t h e Charan n o d e e c e v e a an a a e oubt hop s r i subst ti l sh r . .to T h e a t e as as c an b e fl t ry is gross it , for it is a far cry from Kathiawa r to Kot ah a n d t h e

’ Kotah chie f s con n e ct ion with t h e xpriso n e rs T L A 5 F R A T H I 2 0 O U W O A W A R .

n a n a n e e a a e an is tio l o ly Mor ov r , r gg d b d of Kathi ou tlaws would n o t have stood fo r a mome n t again st t h e fi e ry o n se t of ’ a B an n e a m a . e w as o n e a M rw r But i g t st , y b e e n o t e e a e an d h e a sur , ov r d lic t , prob bly but twiste d his moustach e s an d smile d “ c ompl a c e n tly a s h e h e ard his re n own e x t h ” p an d like e lotus . I hav e tran sl ate d t h e b alla d a s follows ’ A s o n s o me c liff t w ixt e arth an d s kie s A s tate ly c astle re ars its he ad ’ S o Ban n e fame is s e en t o s e i g ri , Bu t o n th e fo ms o f fo e me n e a il r d d .

’ I f Pan ar e l o rd h ad n eve r be e n T h e c u h ad fo t o a e fa e h rl rth b ttl r d . H e w as th e o n ame c h e e n g l wi g fl whi , s ,

T h e ra e e st o e th e c o a s ca e d. b v d r y d , w rd r

’ I n pre s s o f battl e Ban in g e s ho ut. T h e Chiefs o f K o t ah trembling h e ar ’ T h e Bath or e lin e is turn e d t o ro ut a u o s o n f a F o r o n c e th e R jp t l o k e r .

No e a t o u th e w o w as e h lp , l h g h rld wid , T o Ravan c ame wh e n R am aro se ’ ’ R am s swo rd n o w h an g s b y Banin g e s ide k ’ A n d d rin s th e bl o o d o f R an in g s fo e s . H is eye s h ave s e e n th e bit te r stafn ’ O f t e ars o n e very rival s che e k T h e mo o n fiw ill ce ase t o w ax an d wan e E re th e a a n th e t s e e y y g i b at le k . 2 1 R A N JN G VA L A .

’ T h e e arth is w it h t he ir he art s blo o d re d s e The ir he lple s s bab e s an d wido w we p . T h e Charan sin g s y o ur fe e s are de ad ’ e A n d like th e d e ad yo u r wrath S h o uld s le p .

’ Pan a r w as Ran in g Vala s prin cip al vil

m an n t h e e n e e a e T h e e . l g . i g of s co d v rs

a e e m b e which is r th r obscur , ust sought in t h e commo n orie n tal ide a th at lo w

a e e n a e n o n e in a e c st p rso s h v busi ss b ttl , a n d that th e y should work t h e plough or

m n p e rform oth e r e ial oc c up atio n s . A bloodthirsty warrior like Ran in g Vala w a s re g arde d a s a n atural c orre ct iv e to t h e d e g e n e ra cy of late r time s wh e n t h e o utca st e e n liste d in t h e British army or police an d d are d to c ross swo rds with

t h e a t h K thi or e Rajput .

’ T h e Ch aran s duty w as n o t always to

’ t h e a e e h e h ad a s g lorify outl w s d ds ; , I

a e n d a e me me ac t t h e a h v i ic t d , so ti s to p rt

o f a n an n a a w a s am co sole r . R i g V l l e

o f o n e le e e m g , but wh th r fro birth or

’ from a vVvo u n d I h av e n o t b e e n able to

a e a n A n d m av e e e n o n sc rt i . it ust h b

s me a an d a n mo n so o x e e n n o d rk r i y \ v i g, 2 2 O UT L A W S O F K A T H IA W A R . wh e n t h e d amp w as makin g t h e i njure d le g

a t h e a an an t e n a c h e , th t Ch r s g h followi g quatrain I f fo o t an d han d h ad b e en but fille d t e u a c n n n m t th e s ame Wi h q l u i g , ig h Th e n R anin g wo uld have R avan kill e d amc an a o f s fa e A n d ro bbe d R h dr h i m . T h e re fe re n ce s t o R avan an d Ramch an dra

in this an d in t h e lo n ge r b allad are a llusio n s

t h e t h e R ama an e to story of y , which t lls how t h e h e ro Ramch an dra co n que re d from R avan

an a e n an d e e e e e L k , or C ylo , th r by r cov r d

a e his w ife Sit . But th re is a sp e cial re ason why t h e Charan so co n st an tly allude d t o

I n m m n th e ir n ame s . y for e r article I me n tio e d t h e d e sire o f A la Che l a to b e con sid e re d

t h e e qu al of t h e R ajput ; an d this de sire is commo n to all K athis who e n vy t h e R ajput his alle g e d d e sc e n t from t h e K sh at ri an d th e mse lve s claim to b e de sce n d e d from

n e an a i m re th at obl d w rl ke stock . No o

n a e e f e a e e e n soothi g dr ught , th r or , could h v b admi n iste re d by t h e wily Charan than a sug g e stion th at Ran in g w as a d e scen d an t of

ama an d a n e m e n a e c m R , th t u d r or fortu t cir u

i an c e h mi h t a e e m a e e e . st s eé g h v ul t d his d ds

2 4: T L W F K T W A R O H A S O A H IA .

fin d e e a am e n c a n o n I , how v r th t I ro chi g

—" t h e subj e c t - matte r of my n e xt chapte r B ava

a a e Vala. This is h rdly f ir . For so gr at an

’ outl aw d e s e rve s t h e re a de r s un divide d att e n

n tio . CH A PTE R I I I

BA VA VA L A .

I N my last chapte r I gave an ac coun t of t h e

n n a a T h e e t t h e re outlaw Ra i g V l . subj c of p

b e m e fam so n s e n t o n e will his still or ous ,

’ a O n R an in s e a a a an d . Bava Val . g d th B v an d his broth e r M atra succe e d e d b y i n he rit

’ a e t h e e a e t e a e an n c to l d rship of h ir f th r s b d , an d for se ve ral y e ars ravage d t h e coun try o n all de t h e c a n a ma in dar si s of Gir , o c sio lly k g in g ra ids in to othe r p arts of t h e pro vi n c e .

T h e e n e e a e e e broth rs fou d , how v r , th t th y w r

e n n o n e a e e e a e c w a s g tti g r r th ir r l obj ct , whi h

’ t h e re cove ry of the ir fath e r s l an ds c o n fis c ate d by t h e Age n cy an d han de d ov e r to Hars u r

a a m a e e e n e n a e V l . It ust h v b th th t th y forme d t h e plan of s e izin g some Europ e an an d the re by comp e llin g t h e Age n cy to do t h e m

a e e T h e n wh t th y thought justic . opportu ity

ame w e n a a n an an ffic e o f t h e c h C pt i Gr t , o r

n an a e n t h e ae an e I di N vy , l t to G kwar to org is a flotilla again st t h e pirat e s of t h e K athiawar 2 6 F R A H I W A O UT L A W 5 O T A R .

a was mm n e m a a m e Co st , su o d fro B rod to A r li .

T h e a le d t h e s an d e e ro d through Gir fore t , th r B ava Vala w ayl aid h im an d re fu s e d to r e l e a se h im n a a a w as e e e an d in u til H rsur V l j ct d , his

m an a n e c a e a . w s a a n a ct tur b outl w It d ri g , n o t o n ly o n a ccou n t of t h e pr e stige o f t h e

e man a e a e t h e e whit , but lso b c us of forc s whic h t h e Age n cy c ould an d did put in

m n n d n a a Va a T h e a e otio to hu t ow B v l . l tt r ,

e e e e e a e a n d a how v r , succ ssfully lud d c ptur , t

a as t h e e me an a n a a n l st , sol s of s vi g C pt i

a h e e n c c ame e m T h n t . e Gr t , Ag y to t r s out

’ a act as m b e e e e a e e l w s , ight xp ct d , g v ris to O pin io n s as dive rge n t a s thos e cre at e d by t h e ” e e h ln i s izur of t e R e c h it e . T h e followin g tran sl atio n e mbodi e s in t h e l a st v e rs e t h e

’ Kathis vie w of wh at th e y h a ve always d e e me d a glorious fe at o f arms

’ A mre li fe ars kin g Bava s mig ht A n d Dh ari s o un ds th e warn i n g b e l l ’ E e n W ag h ir M an e k fle e s at n ig ht

u a ro e Wh e n y o pp ach h is c itad l .

e e Go mt fe d b ra n s an d ti e Wh r i, y i d , i Ro lls pas t a hu n dre d s hrin e s its fl o bd Yo u s ac k e d a n d s laug hte red far an d w ide T i /e v r e o y e y wave fo am d re d w ith blo d . 2 7 B A VA VA L A .

’ ’ T h e sa i s e lm th e sa s s o r h b h , hib w d ’ d n H ad n e lpr b y c hild o f I n be e n ta e Yo u Ba a a e d o un e o I , v , d r , b ld j g l l rd

u ma n A n d ran so me d bac k yo r wide do i .

T h e Gomti rive r re fe rre d to in t h e se con d ve rse is t h e sacre d tidal rive r at Dwarka ,

n h e a a n a t h e e n a e o ce t c pit l of Krish , c tr l figur

a a a fe e an d of t h e M ahabhar t . Afte r li of lov i n trigue h e fe ll n e ar Ve r aval a victim to a

’ a T h e a n m b e me Bhil s rrow . llusio ust to so succe ssful raid o n t h e W ag h ir l an ds of Okha

m n a t h e n e e t h e n in a d l . But i t r st of so g is t h e third v e rse a s showi n g t h e re put ation

B ava aVala ac quire d by his s e izu re of t h e

n f n a a a a m a T h e a n e . e o u ortu t B rod d ir l l tt r ,

t h e e an h as e e e e a e oth r h d , xpr ss d with gr t forc

’ a diffe re n t opin io n of B ava Vala s co n du c t in i ’ a e e e n n an a . I . l tt r quot d Low s I di N vy, Vol , 1 h p ag e 2 8 . I give t e followi n g e xtrac ts

I w as force d to re mou n t my horse an d

a o ff w t h e an me n a g llop ith g g , who took i to

a e e a e t h e e e w a s e l rg for st c ll d Gir , wh r I k pt

n e o o n t h e . t 0 a m n a n fo r priso r s p of ou t i two mo n ths an d fifte e n days I l aid

am n t h e e n e W a n o gst rocks , dr ch d ith r i 2 8 0 UT L W 5 O F R A T H I W A A A R . n an d d a t h e e e n ight y , with xc ptio of two

n e n t h e an fo rc e me a c ights , wh g g ds to

m an e m a n d w e e in a f e n co p y th , stopp d ri dly

a e a vill g . Tow rds un frie n dly village s it w as t h e custom of t h e ban d to rid e up to t h e gat e s a n d c h O p off t h e h e ads of little

at a an d e n o ff a n at boys pl y , th go l ughi g

e e e e n e e n e th ir curs d xploits . Wh th y r tur d

’ to t h e e n campme n t afte r a day s murd e rin g

a e t h e n a e a h o w for g , you g K this us d to bo st

man me n e h ad e y th y kill d . At n ight t h e h alt e r of e ach hors e w a s tie d to his l mast e r s r e n t h a n ma h e a a m. Wh e i ls rd voi c e s the y tug g e d an d t h e me n we re u p in an

n an i st t . “ My suffe ri n gs durin g co n fi n e me n t we re

a m e n e n a n c e an d e a l ost b yo d dur , I us d to pr y in t h e e v e n in g th at I might n e v e r se e an oth e r

m n m or i n g . I h ad my boo t s o n y fe e t for

t h e m n n o t e n a e e t e m o ff first o th , b i g bl to g th

m t h e n an t w e t n was e c e fro co st , u til I r du d

c n e e e e e e a n by si k ss . S v r f v r with gu e a d

in flamat io n e c ame o n me a n d e x of liv r , ; with

o su re t h e n air e me e p to e op , drov d lirious , so

a e w a s le t w a s n an e n th t wh y. I go , I fou d w d ri g L 2 9 B A VA VA A . in t h e fi e lds at n ight cove re d with ve rmi n from ” t h e ad to foo , W e should all p rob ably h ave use d e ve n more vigorous lan guage h ad a similar c apt iv it v

e a e n . e e n an n b u t b f ll us But v so , I c ot fe e l that some e x c use may b e fou n d for B ava

a a n o f e V l . It is doubt di ficult to d fe n d t h e

’ a e me - n at ma e a pr ctic of li cutti g s ll boys h ds ,

a e w ar c an n b e c a but outl wry , lik , ot rrie d o n

e an T h e n f e n with glov d h ds . u ri dly village s h ad a e n n ma n t h e c e prob bly giv i for tio to poli , an d t h e b an d wishe d to mak e an e x ample of

T h e a a e n o t e n e m . e t h e a th outl ws d r d t r w lls ,

e e b e a e an d e f l st th y should tr pp d , th y oun d n o o n e t e e c e o n e c d e n ou sid x pt or two hil r ,

m e e an d e a a who th y kill d rod w y . O n th e ir

e n e n o ma n ifie e e r tur th y doubt g d th ir xploits .

e a a a n an a a a a w a As r g rds C pt i Gr t , B v V l s in a e mma A u h ad e e n a o n h im dil . d ty b l id by his fathe r as sacre d as th at whi c h Hamil

n n n a n e h c ar laid o Ha ib l . U l ss e k e pt

a a n an n e a n e e C pt i Gr t priso r , th t duty would v r b a n ac u a n e e ccomplishe d . U q i t d with Euro

e an h e at n o t e a e a t h p s, first did r lis th t e hardships th at h e an d his ban d h e re with 3O T L W 5 F 0 U A O R A T H I A W A R .

n ffe e n e e e n e a e an n man i di r c w r i tol r bl to E glish .

e n h e h e e a e t h n e a s Wh did , r g rd d p priso r

a n an e m e e e n m e e t h e uis c . His is ri s oft i p d d flight of t h e ban d an d brought o n th e m t h e re proac he s of t h e Kathi wome n of fri e n dly

me t me in e e a n e village s . So i s d sp r tio th y propos e d to kill h im an d on ly re frai n e d in t h e hop e th at soo n e r or late r t h e Ag e n cy would

c ome to te rms .

h n a a a o e T e followi g b ll d is curious n . Just a s t h e c ritics have di vide d t h e Ili ad in to t h e

A c h ille ia an d t h e D io me de ia a a , this b ll d

se e ms t o h ave b e e n p artly writte n in praise o f Kh achar Bhan of Bhadli an d p artly in

a e a a a a . e a e e pr is of B v V l It is r lly , how v r,

c m e e e an d t h e e an a n a o pl t whol , xpl tio is

n I n t h e e a e m n in t e re sti g . pr vious ch pt r I e tio n

a a an m e n o n n e a e e d Kh ch r Bh , hi s lf i co sid r bl

e e b e a s t h e rn an d c c e fo e fr oot r , swo su ssful of

a a a e e h o w t h e a an B av a V l . I lso d scrib d Ch r

n e e - c e n e e me me if ttl d by ill suc ss or g l ct , so ti s

e a T h a e n a e . e e n b al san g s tir i st d of pr is e. pr s t lad is re ally n othi n g but a thre at th at if t h e

ma e o t in e m e e a h e st r is n futur or lib r l , must n o do n ge r e xp e c t from t h e poe t t h e

3 2 O UT L A W S O F R A T H W A IA R .

’ ’ T h e wild bu ll s ro ar ring s cro s s th e ban k s ’ Where H iru n s wate rs fo amin g fall 4 But l o u de r y e t th e ho s tile ran ks ’ e a th e K at s att - al Sh all h r hi b le c l .

A s thro ug h th e g lad e le ap s w ild th e d e er ’ ’ T o s c ape th e lio n s de adly s pring Tho s e ran ks s h all bre ak in he adlo ng fe ar

A n d o u o u a s e th e a s n l d y r pr i b rd will s i g .

T h e la st lin e w as n o doubt a c c omp an i e d by

n me an n a aam a profou d but i g s l .

T h e n e e m a e e e n a e o n hi t s s to h v b ct d ,

t h e n e a a h as e a e a n for xt b ll d , for x gg r tio

n e n e e n a d pr ciosity, v r , I should thi k ,

n a a e T h e a e be e ppro ch d . Rishis llud d to are t h e se e rs who for c rore s of ye ars h ave by sh e e r forc e of will con tin u e d to triumph

e a Yu dh ish t a w a s t h e e e ov e r d th . ld st of

t h e Pan dav e an d n ame a broth rs, his is

n n m u f n e m w as t h e sy o y for tr th ul ss . Bhi

a t h e a a a a a n m e Aj x of M h bh r t , Arju its or

a e an d Yu dh ish t a - e l chiv lrous Achill s , w l

n o t e a e ma e n o a e m t its Odyss us . I h v d tt p

n t h e n n e e e e a to tur followi g i to v rs . , It d fi s

me a an a n tric l tr sl tio .

I f th e K ath i c w e re to draw back h is fo ot an d le ave

th e att e ho w co u th e s e r e n t su o th e Ear b l , ld p pp rt th , B A A V VALA . 33 th e sun se o r Me th e n u O m s ri , ru ( Hi d ly pu ) n o t t re mble P H o w c o uld the s e a remain with in it s bo rd ers o r th e win ds blow o ve r th e Earth ? Whe n th e W ag h asar

Ba a Va a c o me s n to at e th e mmo e a e mo e ( v l ) i b tl i v bl v s . I f h is warrio rs w e re thro ug h fe ar o f de ath t o re tre at — fro m th e at t e fie ld b l ,

H o w c o u ld Brahm c han t th e Ve das o r th e Ris his c o n c e n trat e the ir t ho ug ht s ?

I f Ba a Va a e e w en th e e a f e v l w r , h r dy o awaits h im t o t n h is face o me a s , ur h w rd ,

T h e o r o f Yu dh is h t a o u b e fa s e an d t w d w ld l , h e No rth St ar wo uld ce as e t o b e mo tio n le s s I

To t h e Hin du t h e North Star is t h e e mble m of fixit y an d B ava Vala mus t i n de e d h a ve b e e n d e ar to t h e gods if his ’ “ ’ flight from t h e Gae kw ar s catch e m alive

’ ” O s would hav e c ause d t h e North Star e ith e r to move like a c ome t in gigan ti c orbits or to wan d e r about aimle ssly like a n a e e an a t n n tiv s rv t who , l hough u willi g to a dm h as a e n e an n c it it , f il d to u d rst d i stru tio n s d e live re d in some n e w an d a ston ishin g ’ “ ” a a n h 1s ma e m a b at v ri tio of st r s Bo b y .

T h e d ays of t h e Gira si a outl aws a re

e I n 1 87 3 t h e ov r . e stablish me nt of t h e 34 UT L A W 5 O F R A T H I O A W A R .

R ajast h an ik Court gav e t h e Girasias a

m in s ue t h e e a foru which to Stat s . It lso e e m e n e n e n c e robb d th , wh r sorti g to viol ,

m at a n d a d e e of public sy p hy , l stly iv rt d i n to t h e pocke ts of lawye rs all t h e mo n e y which othe rwise would h ave b e e n spe n t in

a a an d e a t h e purch se of rms hors s . If “ ” a a e n o w h e h a s a Gir si go s out , but

a n d h e m e e e short shrift , ust bitt rly r gr t “ ” t h e brav e d ays of old w he n a B ava Val a or a Kh a ch ar Bh an might rid e in to t h e Gir at t h e h e ad of 30 to 40 w e ll arme d

n a n d a dmirably mou t e d swordsme n . CH AP R TE IV .

E W A GH I R S O F O K H A MA NDA L T H .

I N t h e first ch apt e r of this se ri e s I ga ve a slight ske tch of t h e e arly history of t h e

h i s T h e e e e a e W a r . e e g ris of th ir l d rs , how v r

a a -e m n e n c e a e n f m A D to b ll d i d t s o ly ro . .

1 7 a me t h e le a n man t h e 85 . At th t ti di g of

W a h irs in e a a n d e n a in g , both w lth p rso l

n H m flu e n c e w a s a a . e a e a s Jodh M ik c , his n ame n a e m t h e an s c h a at i dic t s , fro M ik to k t t o n e time rule d Dwarka an d Okhaman dal b e

e t h e a a a a an for M hr tt s , with British ssist c e ,

e m e e n e st ablish e d th s lv s th e re i . Like so man y of t h e le a din g familie s amon gst t h e lowe r

a e n e a m a K sh at ri n c st s of Hi dus , th y cl i origi .

I n de e d all Dh e ds an d Chamars pose as origi

n a K sh at ris e t h e Bh an is d e lly , whil g ivid

e m e n a e e a n t h e th s lve s i to six cl ss s , b ri g lofty ) a e l a n o f Makv an a a ma a pp l tio s , P r r , R thod ,

k h e la an d an Va i . a e e Sol i , g Dhor ll g d “Such

an e n e e e sa re a e c stry is , it is dl ss to y , t t d with F R A T H I W A R 3 6 O UTL A W S O A . m scorn ful in cre dulity by th e ir ore fortun ate bre thre n ; but who c a n say whe the r in t h e

n o f an n tre me dous flood Scythi s, Hu s , Turks ,

an s e a n d n a n d all Yav , Jut s of Mo gols , of

n e a a e m t h e th e co dotti ri of Asi , th t k pt fro

B n ma e n r C . n n a n a 6t h c tu y pouri g i to I di , y

e n e K s h a t ri e n an d e n obl , hu t d , whos tow s wiv s

fa e n me n e n a a an ma h ad ll to so orth r b rb ri , y

a e n t h e a e a n n o t h v fou d , with lowly outc st s , ho n oure d she lte r an d t au ght th e m to trac e b ack the ir an c e stry to t h e loi n s of Rama

T h e l e ge n d ary origin o f t h e Ma n ik family

L f o m H a mir i a a e t h e e is r j , c d t of hous of

c e in e a H e ro l R a u t n i C ut h , who f ll lov with jp

n am n t h e VVa h irs T h e c a e livi g o gst g . first us

’ of t h e W ag h ir disco n te n t w a s t h e Gae kw ar s

e n e e an an d e n n in t e rfe r c with th ir l ds p sio s .

7 an n c e n n e an d a e I n 1 85 i ipi t risi g occurr d , ft r t h e in te rv e n tio n of t h e British a p e a c e w as

e e e t h e n a p at c h e d up . But thos w r Muti y d ys, an d t h e fe ar o f t h e British h ad c e as e d to b e

e a in n a n a n a n gr t outlyi g p rts of I di " Hi dust i s e poys in t h e guise of me n dican ts p e n e t rat e d e ve ry p art of t h e provin ce with stran g e tale s of t h e massac r e o f t h e white garrison an d of T H E W A GH I R S O F O K H A MA N D A L . 37

n h h t h e lurid su se t of t e Britis Empire . By n on e w e re th e se t al e s more gre e dily liste n e d

an a an aman a I n to th by Jodh M ik of Okh d l . 1 85 9 h e w e n t with a body of l e adin g W ag h irs to t h e house of t h e M ahratta Subah of Dwarka an d cl aime d a full re storatio n of l an ds an d

T h e a n e n n . e e e p sio s Sub h , ttl d by th ir

n e n e a n a a e m e . e i sol t b ri g, sh rply b d th go Th y

n e h salaame d a d d p art e d . T e s ame n ight th e y

e n e n e e n T h e brok out i to op r b llio . whole provin c e of Dwarka an d t h e isl an d of B e it

n e an a n k fe ll i to th ir h ds . Jodh M a i a ssume d t h e e n aman a h e t h e titl of Ki g of Okh d l , w il un h appy Subah w a s forc e d to l e av e t h e fort by squ e e zi n g h imse lf through an op e n latrin e . Drive n out of Dw arka an d th e n o ut of t h e

a a t h e a B rd hills by British troops , Jodh

an e e in t h e Gir n m e e M ik took r fug . U ol st d

e e h e a a n e a an d o n t h e e a th r , g i took h rt , rly m n n t h e 8t h b e 1860 e me or i g of Octo r , , p rfor d t h e gre at fe at of his life - t h e s ack of Kodin ar

d n a is a a e Gae kw ari n o n t h e Ko i r , l rg tow

- s outh w e ste rn coa st of Kathiawar . Of t h e n e ar pre se n c e of Jodh a M an ik th e M ahratt a a e e e a a e a n d sh o ft l e e uthoriti s w r w r , y b for 3 8 0 UT L W 5 O F R A TH I W A A A R .

the y h a d se n t to Kodin ar a stro n gly-arme d

’ re in forc e me n t ; but d up ras la manier e da p a y s th e y h ad forgotte n to provide the m with amm n n e m e e e a u itio for th ir uske ts . Th y w r ll

e e e an d t h e e t h e ov rpow r d without loss , r st of day w as sp e n t b v t h e W ag h irs in t h e agre e

’ able t a sk o f lootin g t h e B an ia s shops an d

e J h a an w as n o m e an d hous s . But od M ik is r,

e n t h e an a h ad e e n fle e c e d t h e n e wh B i s b to bo , h e sp e n t t h e loot in fe a stin g t h e n e ighbourin g

a m n e ac n e me n Br h i s, whos k owl dg t of his

K sh at ri e e n h e e a n an d t h e d sc t wish d to obt i ,

- e e t h e e e a e lo w c a st s whos suppor d sir d . I h v

u n e arth e d t h e followin g b all ad which is

r e n in a a n n me e an d a f w itt g y ji gli g tr , f ords re lie f afte r t h e some what we arisome qu atra i n s of t h e Kathi b ards

O a K o n a sh e s tan s o n t h e c u se Mah F ir di r , d r d

’ ratt a s an s l d ,

(I n th e h e ave n s t here w as n e ith e r mo o n n o r s tar I )

They we re W ag h irs s tro ng an d t all an d t hey

climb e d th e l o o p-ho l e d wall

’ The n w as h e ard t h e Banias wail b u t ffie ir te ars

h ad n o a a ( v il,

Whe n t h e K in g o f Okha l o ote d K o dinar .

( 40 O UT L A W S F K A T H I O A W A R .

t h e l e ade rship of t h e re be ls to his

n e e D e v an d an e n ph ws , Mulu M ik , th

n e in t h e e a an h a priso rs R w K t j ail . All

w as e n e e m e 1 862 en qui t u til S pt b r , , wh t h e two brothe rs broke from t h e j ail an d ma e e w a aman a e e d th ir y to Okh d l , wh r th e ir re t urn w a s w e l c ome d with some thi n g of t h e e n thusiasm that gre e te d t h e e scap e

a t h e n e fiv e e a from Elb . For xt y rs th e y robbe d an d murd e re d in e ve ry taluka of

t h e n c e in e t h e e e n c e provi , spit of pr s of large British co n tin ge n ts an d t h e n ume r

‘ an e e in an a amn a a ous sib di l vi s Porb d r , J g r ,

I n t h c an d oth e r Nativ e St at e s . e old

e a e 1 86 7 as R ao a a a w th r of , B h dur Pop t

e an e e in R a V lji , old h ro who still liv s j

e c e t h e c e n e me h e at t h e kot , d s rib d s to , ,

e a me m n e v e e d h d of so ou t d scouts , disco r t h e main body of W ag h irs . H e e n gage d th e ir a t te n tio n by d e sultory skirmishin g u n til h e c ould in form t h e bulk of t h e British forc e un de r Maj or R e yn olds an d t he Assistan t

a e n H e b b e rt an d L a g e . Politic l Ag ts , Tou h As the y c ame up t h e W ag h irs e n tre n ch e d the m se l ve s ou th e Mac h arda Hill in Jamn aga r 41 T H E W A GH Z R S O F O K H A M A N D A L .

e T h e e w a s d e n t rritory . forc ivid d i to thre e

m n a e a Ve e ma n n stor i g p rti s , Pop t lji r i i g with

a c n t h e me a n L a e . C pt i Tou h Accordi g to for r , Cap t ain L a Tou c h e ma de his attack too ’ soon an d sile n c e d his Lie ut e n an t s re mon “ stran c e with t h e re mark Van ia t h aish man n o b e a a n a T h e e (do t b i ) . r sult ’ w as th at L a Tou c h e s stormin g p arty re ac h e d t h e summit first an d re c e iv e d t h e c o n c e n

r i fi L a c e fe m a t at e d W ag h r re . Tou h ll ort lly

n e in t h e a me n T h e a wou d d bdo . p rty ,

e e ma e f n an d t h e how v r , d good its ooti g , arrival of t h e oth e r bodie s t e rmin ate d t h e isc o mfi re t h a h irs a a n H e b d t u of e W g . C pt i

e t e n c ame S e L a c e a n d b r th up , pok to Tou h

e n a e t h e e e a n W a h irs w t ft r r tr ti g g . Night

e h e n o t e n an d e e n a f ll , but did r tur , v tu lly a se arch p arty foun d h im lyi n g shot through t h e e a w as e a h e h ad h rt . It suppos d th t re c e ive d t h e bull e t while tryin g to cut down m n t h e h n a fugitive r e b e l . A o gst W ag irs sl ai w as D e v a n an d t h e a an h as n M ik , Ch r su g his d e ath as follows O n Mach arda Hill th e g o dd e ss (K ali) c ame

t o cffin k th e o o f n blo d me . A nd t h e A ps uras c ame in h aste t o w ed i t h e hero Dev W R 4 2 OUTLA W S O F K A T H IA A .

h ad e a e a fe w e Mulu sc p d with follow rs ,

e but h e did n o t lo n g surviv brothe r. ( his H e w as surprise d an d w as shot t h e followi n g

n a e n ame M a t h e a . y by Porb d r polic His ,

e e w as n o t e n t h e Ch a how v r, forgott by

e a a a n at w as ran s . H re is qu tr i th suppos e d to have b e e n chan te d as t h e stormin g

a ame an d m m p rty c up , fro its spirit ight “ h ave b e e n su n g o n t h e b an ks of t h e

proud E uro t as z

H ear th e ro t e rs an s a b h M ik y ,

- Fame o r d e at h h e o u rs t o day .

a t e s w e s a n e e b e C piv h ll v r ,

D e at h may fi n d b ut find u s free .

T h e l a st lin e in t h e follo win g b allad o n

Mulu M an ik will prob ably amuse t h e

n e a e I n h e fin d a E glish r d r . it will re fe re n c e to himse lf

T h e M ah ratt a may ch arg e lik e th e se t o f t h e tide

' H e fe ars n o t w h o o ft e n th e ba t le h as trie d .

T e re a h im at a t o ar b e far h y d d Dh ri , h ug h Dh i , c A n d t e h n m r t e K o din ar h y s hake at is a e in emo . T h e l o rd s o f th e l and may s it p e rc he d o n a thro ne ; T H E W A GH H E F 43 S O OK HA MANDAL .

' But h e take s all the ir tre asu re an d t o wns fo r

h is o w n .

A n d t heir in s o len c e fade s an d the ir whis kers

u n cu rl ,

W h e n t he y se e th e g ay b an n e r o f M an ik un furl "

A a t n th e fe as t e ach K at e c ne s w i i g hi r li , M ulu c o me s ; a t his eas e o ff the ir din n e r h e

dine s .

e e e n e an ce t e an at e c s D p v g h y pl . Wh r k Mulu th e bo ld

’ K ing s g r o vel be fo re h im wh e n e er t hey are

o t ld . A n d th e Rajput and K at hi they fe ar h im th e

0 s ame ,

A n d t h e white man g ro ws whit e r o n he aring

h is n ame

’ Afte r M ulu s d e ath t h e W ag h irs ga ve up as a b ad j ob th e ir d e sig n s o n t h e sov e re ign ty of

aman a an d le t t h e t e man Okh d l , , us trust , whi re sume d a n d still r e ta in s his n ormal colour . CHAPTER V .

T H E MI A NA S O F M L I A A .

I H A VE n o w come to t h e last group of out laws an d t h e o n ly o n e that re ally still d e se rve s

e t h e n a me . Th y we re origin ally a fishin g tribe in Sin d wh e re th e ir bre thre n may still b e n e a n n e e n fou d r i g th ir liv lihood by fishi g,

n a n a n d an d a n a s e a e s ri g duck coot, cti g b t rs to dist fic t offi c e rs of sportin g t ast e s an d in forme r days I h ave ofte n availe d myse lf of th e ir s e rvice s o n t h e wide l ake s forme d in t h e taluka s of M e har an d Larkan a by t h e

n a s in an d d n I dus , July August it rolls ow in a va st flood t h e me lt e d sn ows of t h e

ma a a F m n t h e Mian a s e m a Hi l y s . ro Si d igr

t e d c e e e b a n e e e as to Cut h , wh r th y o t i d s rvic me c e n a me 2 00 e a a o M o r i r rie s . But so y rs g j , t h e e o f a a n e e first chi f M li , i vit d ov r to his

i h e a d a large body of th e m an d t e re b y w s cure d for himse lf ind e p e n d e n ce from Morvi an d fo r

m n his succe ssors e n dle ss trouble an d hu iliatio . T H E MlA l/VA S O F M 45 ALIA .

It h as b e e n said that in high politics n o mistake goe s un pu n ish e d an d c e rt ain ly th at

mm e Mo r i h as me t e a co itt d by j with its r w rd ,

’ for t h e pre se n t chie f of M ali a s d e positio n w as du e to his difficultie s with t h e de sce n d an ts of t h e me n whom e arly in t h e 1 8 t h ce n tury his

o w n an c e mmo n e m stor su d fro Cutch .

I n app e ara n c e t h e Mian as clos e ly re se mble t h e n e a e in m a re a Si dhis , but th y h v or ls g tly de te riorate d from t h e stan dard obs e rve d in

me me T h e me n are th e ir for r ho . wo pre tty an d frail an d n o Mian a is de e me d to ha v e vin dic ate d h is man hood u n til h e h as b rought

’ to a succe ssful co n clusio n an af a z r e da caeu r h h with t h e wife of a n e ighbour . As e as n o

e a in c n e a n e m e d lic cy o c li g his succ ss , urd rs an d n ose - c uttin g h ave b e e n more fre qu e n t i n e n me n e n M alia th an a huma e Gov r t lik s .

T h e Mian as a e e e d b a m a h v , d riv pro bly fro

n a m e e a v e stro g d ixtur of B luchi blood , ry ke e n se n se of humour an d t h e j olly h e adme n must h av e roare d with l aughte r whe n th e y , dre w up a n d sign e d for t h e Age n c y t h e “ “ followin g re cogn iz an ce bo n d T h e Holi

n a n fe a in t h e e xc t e me n be i g Hi du stiv l , i t of 46 O UT L A W S O F K / W A R A THIA .

w e a e n o a a e w e which h v right to p rticip t , promise n o t to in dulg e for t h e future in our

mm n a e a a a n h abit of co itti g burgl ri s t th t se so . W e promise also to giv e up h an gin g about t h e town g ate s in t h e morn in g an d e ve n in g an d

a n n oyin g Hin du fe male s by in de ce n t obse rva

W e a m a it e n tion s . d it th t is v ry wro g to

make hole s in t h e fort wa lls i n ste a d of goin g

W n o t a a n out b y t h e gat e . e will g i so

e n e a n n e e a r add off d . It is p rh ps u c ss y to

m e w as e t h e a th at this pro is , lik fort w lls ,

in t h e e a c hie fly hon oure d br ch . I me n tio n e d in my first chapte r th at a s

re c e n tly as 1 9 03 a b an d of Mian as w e re d e stroye d in Chud a by t h e combin e d e fforts of t h e State admin istration an d t h e Ag e n cy

e w as e e a a e a polic . It how v r spor dic outbr k ,

’ t h Mian as da ac a e e for e v is pr tic lly ov r . Th y

a e e e n de a e b e a m n a e an d h v b cl r d to cri i l trib , t h e Age n cy w atch e s th e m with un c e a si n g

an c e e e h a . e e t e a a vigil B for , how v r , r ilw y tr ck h ad fully gripp e d Kathiawar in its gre at

a a e a t h e Mian as e re o n e t h e qu dril t r l , w of

a e t h e m n a n an d t h e e e pl gu s of Ad i istr tio , thr

e a e a e e n ame are e me m e g r t l d rs , whos s still r b r

48 UT L A W S O F K A T W A O HIA R .

H w as an e m t h a e dn e ss . e e e b ish d fro St t , an d Girdalal t h e a e K arb h ari fan c e a , St t , i d th t

n e r T h e en a h e h ad go e for v e . Ag cy Th n dar

Ch o t alal e e e a n a a , how v r , l r t th t lthough

an a n h ad e e n a e a in e e Mor S dh i b for y r xil ,

i t H n his wife in Malia w as ence n e . e we t to h e r hous e an d from h e r dis c ove re d th at Mor

h e r e e a e e T h a d p aid s v r l s cr t visits . h e

an a n me Girdalal a saw Th d r i for d , who lso t h e a e e n in t h e e a l dy , but b li vi g ffic cy of his o w n e a an e me n c a e polic rr g ts , o rs ly sug ge ste d to h e r th at sh e h ad foun d an oth e r husban d

’ S h e w a s an n e a e me . d o n r r h o furious , Mor s n e xt a pp e aran c e made h im promis e that h e would rais e t h e l augh aga in s t Girdalal as

a s h e h ad a e a a n h e loudly r is d it g i st r . Mor

n o t n e a H e an d an did lo g d l y . his b d hid th e ms e lve s in a fi e ld of tall mille t by which

m n a r n t h e a a . e e c e t h e K ar i ro d As xp t d , b h ari

e a h e c . T a a e w as e t h drov p st rri g stopp d , e

n n a e c an a e in t h e u fortu t o cup t dr gg d to crops , an d e e in e o f e a an d e n e a e th r , spit thr ts tr ti s ,

’ n e w as e e e mo e his os d xt rously r v d . Mor s

fe w a s a e t h e h arah wi fully s tisfi d , for C s san g h e r n n h r wro gsl a d e ve n ge an ce in e ve ry p e tty T H E M I A NA S O F MALIA 49

e e m b e Court in Kathiawar . Th r ust ove r a

e a n e m hun dre d b allads d li g with this th e . ’ f n a O n e sp e cime n will su fic e . It co t in s two

T h e de lightful con ce its . first occ urs in t h e

n e t h e e n e e an d a e n o t first li of s co d v rs , I h v

e e n a e e e n e n n b bl to prop rly r d r it i to E glish . I n t h e origin al th e re is a pu n o n t h e word

m n h c hota which e a s Mr . C o t alal a s we ll

’ n a ir T h e e . G da as little . sugg stio is th t Mr lals n aturally fin e man n e rs w e re c o n t ami n at e d by a a n an e n f a T ssoci ti g with Ag cy o fici l . h e

e n n c e c i n t h e a t e T h s co d co it oc urs l s v rs e . e usual sign of submissio n in an I n dian is to tak e in his mo uth a h an dful of grass an d

' g h as kh aze g yo is a colloquialism e quival e n t to ‘ ’ h n n T our h e a s be e n give b e a s . h e ide a is ’ a man S an dh an i s e n e m e l th t so y of Mor i s , e d n o t t h e a e n h ad in doub by Politic l Ag t , this w ay b e gge d fo r me rcy th at the re w as a h ay am n e t h e a n f i . So st rvi g cows gallope d to

n a t h e a n b e fo r m e a I dr , god of r i , to g or gr ss .

A s e c e s s as Ja dev th e Pa mar o f fe r kl g , r li , ’ th a a s c e ft a n Mo r a e t o th e n fe Wi M li hig h hi i w rr d k i . h o u h th e J dav sfit are s ro n e t h e m T g a t g , y o cke d at t e r m h t h i ig , H ad the g o ds o n ly d are d h e h ad fac e d the min fig ht

a? T h e J adavs J o f Mo are the adeja Chiefs rvi and Malia . b O O UT L A W S O F K W A A THIA R .

W h en th e g re at mix with churls they fro m g reat n e s s e s ce n d d ,

us th e an e r o f Girdh alal c ame to a nd Th g r d u n e . Tho u g h th e w ayfarer lo ve s o n ripe mille t to g aze ’ Ye t Girdh alal s c e e at th e s t s a a e h k ig h i bl z .

H is an n e e t e m e h is e a t ne e r s an h d v r r bl d , h r v k,

A s R a an fo u t Rama s o Mo r fo u th e an v g h , g ht Fr k . A n d th e co ws rushe d t o I n dra th e ir pro t es t to lay

f s o f an an h ad f Th at th e o e S dh i l e t the m n o h ay .

T h e Parmar Jag de v re fe rre d to in t h e first li n e w as t h e atte n dan t of Kin g S iddraj of

I n a a e m n h ff a a . e e e e Guj r t br v ry co p titio , o r d to cut o ff his o w n h e ad if his rivals would do

am a ffe w as e n t h e ame . e e s This i bl o r d cli d , an d Jag de v w a s awarde d t h e prize . Afte r six ye ars of ou tl awry Mor S an dhan i surre n de r e d an d w as trie d o n s e v e ral charg e s of murde r an d d ac oi ty by t h e th e n Judicial

an a s t h e n e e in n me t Assist t . But wit ss s tur

h e a e a e t h e e a e a e r t b l ful g z of dr d d outl w , th i

e a a e e m e e me m e e h rts f il d th , for th y r b r d how o n a pre vious occasio n h e h ad subse qu e n tly

a a e a e e n e n e c fl ye d liv hostil d po t : Th y ould h e n o t e e c e a . e t r coll t , th y s id Th y thought priso n e r w as like t h e man whom the y s aw g ’ h o fl e n c e e n o t e a c ommit t e , but th y could sw r F /1 5 L T H E MI A NA S O MALI .

im w as ac e and w as e to h . Mor quitt d brib d

e a a an t in amn a ar to good b h viour by gr J g ,

e e h e e e n a e e a n o t w r v tu lly di d , full of y rs if of

T h e e c n n ame a a e e n s an ctity . s o d th t I h v giv

i H e h ad i n a e n w as Vala Namu r . or gi lly b e a Lie ute n an t ofMor San dhan i but h ad quarre l le d with h im an d h ad re turn e d to a p e ac e ful

’ life ; an d it w as n o t un til afte r t h e latt e r s sur re n de r that Vala Namu ri w e n t out . H is fame is de rive d from t h e pitch e d battle that h e a n d his followe rs fought a gain st Lie ute n an t Gordo n an d t h e Age n cy police an d in which

’ e bot h le ade rs lost the ir liv s . Gordon h e ard that Vala Namu ri h ad e n tre n c he d himse lf in a dry rive r b e d an d re a che d t h e spot as dusk

a n e a n a in t h e w as f lli g . F ri g th t n ight time t h e an u a a h e a n d b d wo ld slip w y , his sowars

h n T h n c harge d t e positio . e you g E n glishman in full u n iform w as a re ady mark for t h e dac oits an d h e fe ll de ad in fron t of t h e rifle h . T e c e e e e pit poli , how v r , dispos d o f h is m e e t h a o n e n a e as h urd r rs , e l st , fortu t ly , e w as

’ e a n n T ’ sc pi g with Gordo s sword . h e latte r s

a an e a ma e a e a m g ll t d th d gr t i pression o n t h e p e ople of Kathiawar an d a stat e ly memorial in l 5 W A 2 O UTLA W S O F K A THIA R . t h e Fre re Hall at Rajkot be ars e loque n t te stimo n y th at t h e Chie fs of Kathiawar are n o t

n e t h an h e u n grat e ful . For o c e Char as writt n a re ally fin e po e m an d h as divide d his praise e qually be twe e n t h e Mian a an d t h e E n glish

n a e e t h e a me ma . I h v tri d to do to b all d so j ustice in t h e followin g tran slation

o t h e at e o f n is n s e e n Th ug h h r d ki g s u l pi g ,

t o an d Ma a e e o n e ye M rvi li w r , Tho ug h th ey h at e d th e y jo in e d fo r th e mo

men th e a s o f Nama e e o n e t till d y ri w r d .

H s e a n e e o e t o th e m t as th e i h d v r b w d ig h y,

n s o h is s i w as f e e wi d p rit r ,

n d h e o ame f o m th e R an t o th e Ba as A r d r rd ,

e e fro m W a n an d h ro bb d dh wa t o th e s e a.

H ad Mo r an d Nama n te t en th e e a h d ri u i d, h rth a

e e n e s fo r a e b th ir pr y , But th e lo ve o f t h e lo wly l as t s always an d

o o f th e e at fo r a da th e l ve g r y .

’ a e s o e 0 Va a Namuri are F t rd rs, l , pit iles s

e e t h e s ame v r , Or as s tan d s o ut s o me fo rt o n th e Bha der

so h ad o ere th c as t e o f t w d y l fame . i ’ Earth s king s must h ave kin g s fo r th eir rivals

s o o n -s o e Go o n a o s li ul d rd r e . H ad Go an no t e e n t rd b , h en Namuri h ad ro b

b e d f o m t h e ne t o th e flo e r li s . NA F 5 3 THE MI A S O M ALI/1 .

Fro m heaven t he A psuras hast en ed to w e d with

e a e wh o s o u fal th br v h ld l . Y o ung Go rddn die d firs t s o th e v bo re h im to

w e d t h t h e fa res t o f a l wi i l .

Whe n tw o lio n s lie pro n e in death-g rapple

t e e an d t eir a o r are o n e h ir prid h v l u , ’ Thus Go rd o n s fame s pran g fro m Namuri an d ’ amuri s f o Go o n w as w n N r m rd o .

T h e last gre at Mian a le ade r w as Jama

n Ga dh . Aft e r man y e scap e s h e an d his six re main in g followe rs we re o n t h e 1 8t h

1 894 b a Mr April , , brought to y by ; Sou t e r e n in a e t h e D ran adh ra , th ch rg of g

e r - m e e e n e an e . polic , r c tly org is d by hi s lf

i e a a Namu ri Jama an la in a L k V l , G dh y rifle pit dug o u t of a disuse d wate r

e an d e e a a e t h e a a t h e cours , th r w it d tt ck of polic e fully de te rmi n e d to kill t h e le ad e r an d thus ac quire a fame e qual to N a m i m . n a e . e e ur s Fortu t ly Mr Sout r , with or

e n e a n o t e a an an prud c , lthough l ss g ll tly th

d n h ad d a e e me fo r t h e Gor o , isc rd d his h l t

’ a t an an d e t h e e e e sow r s urb , whil b wild r d

’ Mian as e in a n t h e e a a look d v i for top w l , t h e e e m an d de e , polic closed with th stroy d 5 4 T L A W O F O U S K A TH I A W A R .

all a e n n o n e a a th e m . I h v o ly fou d b ll d

a o n t h e d e ath of Jama Gan dh . It is wre tche d pie ce of dogge re l an d se e ms to h av e be e n writte n by a Ch aran in dig n an t

’ a t t h e outlaw s con t e mpt for his sac re d

m n e ma c a a e . a a e h r ct r As it is usi g, I h v d

a an a n . e e tr sl tio of it I hop Mr . Sout r will forgive me for tran sc ribin g it

Carts yo u ro bbe d o f every pie A s t he ir w ay they wende d Thus y o ur s c o re o f c rime s ran hig h

A n d o u a y b dly e n de d .

(1 ’ Ban a fat an d s o rt o f e ath i s h br ,

e s e o u t o o te Th y rig h ly l d .

But y o u o e a a an . e at r bb d Ch r D h,

T o suc s n w as s h i uit e d .

S o ute r Sahib lo ve d h is Go d Whic h w as mo re the n y o u did S o y o u we n t be n e ath th e so d A n d h e t e e hur lud d .

Brave as Mo r w as in h is day Quit e o r ve ry n e arly So ute r Sahib made y o u pay

F o r n yo ur si s rig ht de arly .

W A 5 6 O UTLA W S O F K A THIA R . an imal the n the y must h ave be e n un tru e t o

e m e an d w as o se d e e th ir od l , this ppp to v ry n c rt me e a can o n of He lle i a . But so y rs ag o I w as ask e d by o n e of t h e chie fs of th n e e n e a e as h e is provi c to t r his st bl , wishe d to sho w me a n e w Kathi thorough h h bre d th at e ad re c e n tly purch ase d . I e n t e re d t h e st abl e y ard an d in a mi n ute or so two grooms le d out be fore my won d e rin g e y e s a white stallion t h e livin g facsimile of t h e horse s that for two thou san d ye ars h ave so brave ly pran ce d upo n t h e sto n e wh e n c e th e y we re calle d to life

b t h e e e e e e y chis l of t h e Ath e n ian . Th r w r

t h e ame a e n m e t h e same e s t p ri g uzzl , pow r

a e n e a e n an e an d ful b rr l showi g gr t dur c , t h e same sle n de r le gs in cap a b le of b e ari n g

- if— an d a h e avily built rid e r . Now this — will scarce ly b e de n ie d t h e He lle n e always copie d from life an d a livin g facsimile o f

t h e a h e n n e e e n t h e P rt o hors s xists , th d e duction is almost in e vit able that t h e a n c e stor of t h e Kathi thoroughbre d se rve d

as a m B n od e l to Phidia s . u t this solutio i ‘ o f t h e riddie se e ms more diflic ult to u n de r 5 7 THEIR HORS ES .

e f. e n e stan d t h an t h e l iddle its l I v tur ,

h e e t o although it is t e wild st gu sswork ,

n T h e e s offe r t h e followin g sugge stio . hors

t h e e e whic h s e rv e d as mode ls for Gr k X e ’ sculptor may have come with e rx s

a ma e a t h e Pe rsian army . As tt r of f ct sculpture d figure s of t h e rid e rs e ve n app e a r d to me to b e too slight fo r W e ste rn e rs an are ce rtain ly of ve ry much light e r build th an

Ma t h e ordin ary u n mou n te d Gre e k st atu e s . y n o t t h e cavalry o n t h e Parthe n on frie ze b e

e an a a a e e e c a a P rsi c v lry , or r th r Gr k v lry e quipp e d in t h e Pe rsian fashio n — About t h e Gre co Pe rsian w ar w e k n ow

e e in a a e t s v ry littl , f ct just wh t H rodo u an d d e a e c e n e Thucy id s h v hos to t ll us , but e ve n the y have a dmitte d t h e Gre e k appre h e n sio n of t h e P e rsian horse an d h o w in t h e op e ratio n s b e fore Platae a th e y succe ssfully cut o ff t h e Spartan wat e r supply an d comp elle d t h e Gre e k army * am a n to shift their c p . W e lso k ow that afte r Platae a a large body of Pe r

G o Vo I V. . 2 67 . r te , lume , p 5 8 O W S O F R A W A R O TLA THIA . a n d that for man y ye ars afte r th e ir re tre a t from South e r n Gre e ce t h e Pe rsian s occupie d fortifi e d por t s in Thrace from o n e o f w D o risku s e e e n e e x hich , , th y w r v r e

lle d in t h e a pe . Now e wid pl in s of Thrac e t h e P e rsian cavalry would have far gre ate r o n e t an in u e n e e e an d pportu iti s h So th r Gr c , it is n o t th e re fore improb able tha t t h e

e n an a a a n o n Ath i c v lry , which lthough e xiste n t at Platae a to ok a part in t h e

e n n e an w ar w as an e n P lopo si , org iz d duri g t h e protract e d e n gage me n ts w ith t h e Pe r

a n o n h e s an o . e t i utposts Ag i , it is of p e culiaritie s of military history th at troops raise d to me e t succe ssful bran ch e s of t h e

’ e n e my s force s slavishly copy t h e hostile m e I n t h e an w ar a n . e od l Russi N pol o , to me e t h e a n e a n t Coss cks , tur d his huss rs i to lan c e rs I n t h e Bo e r w ar w e con ve rt e d our lan ce rs i n to African d e r c arabi n e e rs t h e e n an d n . If Fr ch E glish with lon g historic al a sso c iatio n s could b e so impre sse d by t h e advan tage s Of a fore ign m e b e n e e a t ha t h e od l , is it to wo d r d t t

i Gre e ks w h o h ad n o traditio n s should a dopt T S S 59 HEIR HOR E . a s the irs t h e Pe rsian syst e m? For t h e Gre e ks in th e ir o w n e arli e r wa rs h ad n o c avalry a n d th e ir v e ry co n ce ptio n of a c e n a a f a e e t h e t ur is proo th t th y , lik

e an an d e a n e n e m e a n P ruvi M xic i s of Sp i , b e lie v e d at some n o t ve ry re mote p e riod o f the ir history that a horse a n d its ride r

n h am n ma an we re o n e a d t e s e a i l . A qu tity of Pe rsian horse s h ad fall e n with othe r s poil in to Gre e k han ds an d th e s e n o doubt forme d t h e charge rs of t h e Ath e n ian moun t e d troops an d t h e sire s of t h e late r o n e s

It will still b e a ske d how Pe rsian c avalry c b e m n e o n K a s ould ou t d thi hors e s . Thi

e e n e e n o n e a e f t . pr s ts , how v r, i sup r bl di ficul y

I n t h e e n t h e a fifth c tury (B . C . ) K this h ad n o t e n e a e e fa r n n a p tr t d v ry i to I di , t h e fron tie rs of which th e y h ad o n ly re c e n t l c e y ross d . More ove r t h e gre at kin gs

e e an I n an a a an d at e la poss ss d di s tr py , Arb

’ part of D arius c avalry w as ce rtain ly " an a Xe h Scythi or K thi . Now as rxe s ad t h e same opportu n ity a s his succe ssor of re c ruiti n g his cavalry from h is ’ K at h i sub fl 60 O UTLA W S O F K A THIA W A R .

e c t s m e an a e a h e j , it is or th prob bl th t did so an d th at that p art of his moun te d

w a s m e ffe e an d troops which ost ctiv , th e re fore t h e most like ly to s e rve a s a

e e m e w as m e e w ar Gr k od l , co pos d of thos

an f me n m e d e . e e lik skil ul hors Mor ov r , if y

b e c e e an e gue ss orr ct . it provid s xplan atio n why d urin g t h e Pe lopo n n e sian w ar t h e Athe n ian horse w as so in e ffe ctive T h e Kathi horse s c ould n o t carry t h e h e avy

e a da e t h e e an rid rs of th t y . Whil P rsi w ar laste d t h e Io n ian cavalry n o doubt

e t ue m e B u t e e n a k p tr to its od l . v tu lly it w as re cruite d o n ly from t h e rich an d

e - fe d -m w ll Attic aristocra cy . A two ile gallop foun d e re d t h e E a ste rn c harge rs

an n n e a e a a m - e e gro i g u d r h vy , r our cov r d Europ e a n an d thus it came about th at t h e Ath e n ian mou n te d troops i n ste ad of pe r pe t u ally h arassin g t h e lo n g lin e of Sp artan commu n icatio n s c o n t e n t e d th e mse lve s with occ asion ally cuttin g up a fe w isolat e d

p artie s of More an i n fan try .

T h e f m e h as am pursuit o y th ory , I i b a a le d me m t h e e a e fr id , fro r l ; subj ct of, 6 1 THEIR HORS ES .

h e a e . t a e h e this rticl For K thi hors , if c ould n o t carry a he avily e quipp e d A t h e n an c a e o n n e a n n i , rri d jour ys of sto ishi g le n gth a Kathi arme d on ly with a sword an d a n n a I n m a gu yb g for loot . y rticle o n B ava Wala I quote d from C aptain

’ Gran t s le tt e r t h e p assage in which h e me n tion e d th at whil e t h e outlaws sle pt

e ma e a c e e e an d o n th ir r s w t h d by th ir sid , he arin g a suspicious soun d t u gge d at the ir

’ o n e e e e an d t h e e t h e a w r s sl v s, lov of K this for th e ir horse s h as b e e n a favourit e ’ e me e a n e M th of th ir ball d si g rs . y first

’ tran slatio n de als wit h Ran i n g W al a s mare

R z d a e h ad e n n o i . I h v to soft dow some

m n t h e e H e of t h e st ate e ts of po t . would have us b e lie ve th at h e r n os e w as so poin t e d that sh e could drin k out of a

e a t h e e n e n t cup . I h ave for b fit of E g lish re ade rs ton e d down t h e e xpre ssion an d m i a e h e r c at o f a e . s n o t d out gobl t It ,

e e r n a a e how v r, su prisi g th t hors with such an i n c omp arably aristocratic n os e could outpace t h e wilde st mo n soo n tide that e ve r thun de re d up t h e B alac h e di cre e k or da sh 62 A O UTLA W S O F R A THIA W R . e d agai n st t h e te mpl e walls of Somn ath

n Pat a .

L ike fle e cy c lo uds befo re t h e bre e z e

T h e white mare g allo pe d far

’ O n e day sh e lo o k e d o n Dw arka s s e as

T h e n e x o n K o n ar t di .

T h e a e fo o t t e ar -w o n fame br v rg h ir h d ,

T h e e at fo o t t e e g r rg h ir prid ,

Wh e n Ran in g t o th e battl e c ame

H is match l e ss mare astride

’ t e n arc he r s e ar me t fe athe red he ad

H o w swift th e arro w fle w "

S o R o z di t o th e raidin g s p e d

‘ ’ e n R an in w ar- o e Wh g s h rn bl w .

A n n o et h e h e r fe e dri ki g g bl ld d ,

White ve lve t w as h e r ski n

’ But s lo wer far than R an in g s s t e e d

T h e A u st t e s ace in g u id r d .

’ As R an i n g Wal a s mare R o z di w as sun g

t h e c h aran s w as n b e e e by , it o ly to xp ct

’ e d that his so n B ava Wala s mare Bodli L e e m a n T h should re c iv si il r ho ours .( e follow\

64 O UT L A W S O F K A THIA W A R .

calle d R o z di an d I have discove re d a lon g an d pre te n tious balla d in which h e chide s

im T h e ma e h e r for n o t savin g h . r is so go ade d by this re buke th at sh e p e rforms all ki n ds of impossibl e fe ats an d brin gs

o f an e t h e a a h e r ride r out d g r . But b ll d

T h e Mian as e e l acks v e rity . took th ir hors s

e n -m e e lik Moli ere took his bo s ots , ith r wh e re th e y foun d or wh e re the y re cov e re d

e m a n d at an a e a n an th , y r t without ski g y qu e stion a s to th e ir an te ce de n ts T h e

a o n t h e e an e an d n e e K this oth r h d k pt , i d d

e e t o da t h e e n e a e k p this y , g logy of th ir hors e s for s e ve ral hun dre d ye ars an d with much gre at e r accuracy than th e ir o wn . T h e Vag h e rs of Okhaman dal a s re gards the ir horse s re se mble d t h e Mian as rath e r

an t h e a an n e a th K this , but I c ot forb r tran scribin g a tran slatio n of o n e of t h e

’ b allads o n Mulu M a n ik s horse Man kii S h e w as kille d o n t h e Mac h arda hill from w e a e an d t h e hich Mulu sc p d , loss of this

o T h e o o 3; T h e a in Manki is l ng . w rd is theref re pr o no unced Manki and n o t in t h e same way as the c o mmo n name fo r o ur less

fo rt unate simian c o usins . E T HE1R HOR S S . 65 mare n o doubt le d a fe w mo n ths lat e r to his su 1 p1 ise a n d d e ath a t t h e han ds of th e

i an Porban dar S b di . T h e tide fl o we d o ve r ro c k an d s an d Wh e n lo o tin g g ro un ds sh e so ug ht T h e tid e b ut c o vere d h alf th e s tran d e n ac c s o sh e u t Wh b k ri h p il bro g h . T h e Fran k mig ht brin g h e r l o rd t o b ay t t ic e tw o un e me n Wi h w h dr d , A t nig h t s h e n o is e le ss p ic ke d h er w ay A n d o e h im o me a a n b r h g i .

’ Whe re Mac h arda fro wn s o e r th e pl ain H o w c t h e w ar- o t s s e thi k b l p d, M ulu th e Gir mig ht hide ag ain k But n ever M an i dead . T h e blade al o n g th e pe n mig ht run r r r s t o e fin e H e e a s we e ill m r . A n d h e s h e i e d s a e an n o n e w il l v , v M ki, F n n ne irst cro ss e d t h e wi ni g li . No price h ad b o ug ht t hat mat chl e s s g rac e at dau n t e s s e a t t n Th l h r wi hi , S h e live d u n pas s e d in race an d c h ase a at at a t m t w in Th t D e h l s ig h .

A n d n o w with a sigh of re g re t ove r

’ Man ki s e n d an d a e e f a . sigh of r li th t to day c an in p e rfe ct safe ty trave l from

a a e a a le t sa -b e L kht r to V r v l , us y good y a 13 5) t h e o u t lawt of Kathiawar .

A GUJ A RATI NO VE L fit

I T n b e e n e a a dm e will , I thi k , g r lly itt d that t h e e a si e st w ay to t h e u n d e rstan di n g of a p e opl e is by a k n owle dge of its ffi e a e . n n a e a t e e lit r tur U fortu t ly , o ci l du i s giv t h e n - n an e me A glo I di but littl ti to study, an d still le ss to discove r from t h e ma ss

e t h e fe w e a of t dious rubbish , r lly good ’ mode rn books of t h e l an d in whic h

e l in t h e e n uc n th y ive . It is hop of i d i g a fe w o f my coun try me n to re ad t h e “ ” Guj arati roman c e e n title d Karan Gb e lo th at I have writte n t h e succe e din g p age s . I do n o t pre t e n d to h ave ma d e a dis c o v e r as t h e n n at e a y, book is k ow , l st by

n ame e e e a e a at . , to v ry duc t d Guj r i But mv o w n e xp e rie n c e an d t h e p e riodically re curri n g gibe s of some An glo -I n dian c ritics o n t l an a e n ac a pe low st d rd of v r ul r works ,

a “ ‘ h an kar . K are n Gb o Nan das h an kar T ul ai , el , by Mr . j Messrs T r CO B o ml ipathi . , dy . 7 0 G T l A U/ARA NO VEL . le a ds me to be lie ve th at but fe w of t h e E n glishme n who s e rve in this Pre sid e n cy are aware th at in t h e most vigorous an d musi c al o f t h e ton gu e s of W e st e rn I n dia the re e xists a historic al n ove l in which chivalry an d k n ightly worth are i n ve ste d

’ m man am with uch of Scott s ro tic gl our , a n d wh e re in ca mp sce n e s an d b attle pi e c e s are d e pict e d with all t h e fire an d fid e lity

’ A z e lio of d g . T h e h e ro of t h e story w h o give s t h e “ ” n ame a an b e t h e book his is K r G lo , or

a an e n a n e a a e le r sh , ori t l cou t rp rt of Ch rl s

é mé a e an d t h e a a n o f T r ir , l st R jput Ki g

T h e e n an A n h ilw ad or Guj arat . th occup t of t h e D e lhi thron e w a s t h e famous Alla u d -din in t h e e a 1 2 9 6 o h Khilji , who y r t ain e d it by t h e tre ach e rous mass acre of

n c e a a -u d- din an d n his u l J l l of his cousi s, t h e so n s of t h e murd e re d e mp e ror . Un til t h e e n c a a e n e t h e M a r ig of this p bl pri c , h o me dan e n in n a n e e in poss ssio s I di v r , s e o f a n a a e xt e ii de d e n pit occ sio l r ids , b yo d t h e n a t h e n e n a n d a Pu j b , U it d Provi c e s p rts

e n a : n e e o n e t h e m s n of B g l I d d , of ost triki g

7 l 2 A G Uj A RA T NO VEL. from t h e Tigris to H o lw a n an d from

e m e a in n a f H o lw an to p rish is r bly Chi . O 6 e e a e o n e w as ma e t o his thr d ught rs, rri d

’ A so n e n o n e e a c a e in h e li s Hus i , di d ptiv t

ra an e e an d t h e n t o A bi d s rt , third , flyi g

a a a t h e m e n a a a e a e S ur shtr , od r K thi w r, b c m t h e moth e r of t h e gre at Ge h lo t e hous e of Udaipur th at still rule s from t h e thro n e of i R amc h an drafi T h e succ e ss of t h e Arab s

a n o e n in t h e fe h w s l ss striki g “ st . At t e

’ D 2 A . 6 e a e . 8 e a a e t h e p c of , six y rs ft r

H i ira t h e m e e a e c e e j , E p ror H r clius r ov r d

m t h e e an a n a an d fro P rsi s, Asi Mi or , Syri P al e st in e ; y e t in t h e 46t h y e ar of t h e M ah o me dan e ra t h e army of t h e Caliph w a s first s e e n be n e ath t h e walls of C o n st an t in o le n e e n e a p . Withi s v ty y rs North e rn Afri c a from Egypt to C e uta w as gove rn

m Me c a e e d fro c . Fift e n ye ars l ate r t h e

n a a n a e a e Gothic Mo rchy of Sp i dis pp r d ,

e a e c a o n t h e an lik hous of rds , b ks of t h e Gu adal u iv e r an d t h e a e a a q , w v of S r c e n n e c n t h e e n e e e e co qu st , rossi g Pyr s , cov r d

” e an d a n e at a Toulous Aquit i , till it l st

a ’ v as e T o R t a p , d . cha ter iii s ajas han , T 1 N VE L 7 3 A RA O . d a she d in vain a gain st t h e iron armour of

h a T h t e Fr n ks . e history of M ah o me dan ’ n e in n a f n co qu st I di is ve ry dif e re t . T h e

n e n e e n e a first plu d ri g xp ditio , it is tru , p i 7 e are d e e a n a n 63 . B ut p b for Th A . D .

n A 7 12 h n me n n o t . t e u til . D did Gove r t o f M e cca se riously co n sid e r t h e co n que st of I n dia T h e army le d i n to Si n d by Mahome d Ka sim w as at first atte n de d by t h e a e e b ut t h e a b usu l succ ss s , Ar b istori an s a e e n a n o n t h e e a n e , ft r l rgi g gr t ss

t h e n e are d e e e n of co qu sts , iscr tly sil t

n e n as to th e ir p e rman e n cy . Withi s tw ty ye ars t h e Arabs h ad but a b a r e foothold o n t h e a an d in t h e e n d e e n e co st , th y tir ly disapp e are d . T h e ill succe ss of this first e xpe ditio n gave I n dia p e ac e for ov e r 2 50

e a T h e a h a t e h ad me y rs . C lip by this ti c e a e b e A a an an d h a d e me s d to r bi , b co

’ n h n an d Turk . O e of t e C aliph s li e ut e ts h a e st ablishe d himse lf in t h e Afgh an moun

a n an d o n e a so n a m t i s , his d th , his , M h ud of

a n n e m e ma e th e e a a a n Gh z i , o c or d j h d g i st

H in ddi st an T h e a a n d . v lour skill of this e at c a a n we e a s a m x e a e a s y pt i , r ply r w rd d 74 A G U/ARA T 1 NO VEL.

e a me a m an d t h e m thos of M ho d K si , to bs of his soldie rs may still b e s e e n n e ar

‘ Ve ra w al e e h e e n e am , wh r t y f ll i th f ous

n a B e a e sac k of Som th . u t history re p t d

’ se n o t n a e a m e a all it lf ; lo g ft r M h ud s d th , that re main e d of his I n dian co n qu e sts w as

h h n a T h e t e n orth e rn h alf of t e Pu j b .

n a c e e e a a n Ghori dy sty su c d d th t of Gh z i , a n d t h e dy n a sty o f Mahmud T ag h lak th at

t h e K h il is a e t h e u of j , but ft r first vigo r

t h e a a e e w a s a a t h e a me of tt ck , th r lw ys s e n t h e n e e n c e an d rosio of co qu r d provi s , a t t h e e a o f Pe a a fe w q d th rozsh h , but y e ars would o n c e again h av e s e e n I n dia e n e n n at tir ly u d e r Hi du rule . Th this did n o t h app e n for thre e c e n turi e s w a s d u e to t h e in va sion of Timur t h e Mo n gol .

’ T h e e xtraordi n ary ability of this pri n c e s

c e t h e e m t h e suc ssors , lik of who world h a s n e e e e n e e me e ffe t a v r s , s d to c u lly crush

n o n Hi du dre ams of in d e p e n d e n c e . But t h e first sign of d e c ay th at stubborn ra c e c l n c e m A ra n z ib e e a e . h e n u o or wok W g di d ,

a an a t h e n a an d t h e D e c c ar h ad R jput , Pu j b

e e c e t h e e n e an d e 0 Vr j t d L for ig r , in littl g A R A V 7 5 A G Uj T l NO EL.

‘ fifty ye ars t h e Mo n gol w as t h e supplian t I of t h e M arath a . n this un ce asi n g strug

le a a n t h e n a e t h e e m a t g g i st i v d r , for ost p r w as tha t pl aye d by that bulw ark of Hi n du

‘ ism t h e e a a n a n n e , gr t R j put tio , which o c

e m t h a rul d fro D e lhi to e D e c c n . Its c e W e e me a n d a e e iti s r stor d s ck d , its wid posse ssio n s a hu n dre d time s ove rru n but back an d e v e r b ack that u n co n qu e ra bl e stock for t e n c e n turie s c u t its w ay to t h e

an a e t h e l ds of its f th e rs . Some bra n ch s of

a e it ue e e e e in t h e r c , is tr , w r lost for v r e n e w ar B u t a r u z c e e de d dl ss . g e at p art s in withho ldi n g from t h e M u ss alman s all

a n m n a ma A n e n t a e . d e but o i l ho g v h t ,

a e a fe w e e n e a e e a w a s s v for d g r t y rs ,

e n h d ie d by t e i n vi n cibl e prid e of M e wa r . T h e e mpire of t h e Choh an might b e come t h e app an ag e of t h e Mon gol ; Bikan e e r an d Ambe r might v ie with e ach oth e r who should give th e ir d aught e rs in u n

a w e e h llo d w dlock t o t h e pri n c e s of D e lhi . * — - Love ly Ch it b r its e lf t h e picture c ity o n

C i t o - - r w as r o o A ud A D . b th ee times destr yed . nce by lla din , . 1 2 9 0 , u r S o f G t h e o f E ro then by Bahad ultan ujarat , in reign mpe r H “ 3 7 11 11 an d 15 68 A O n e c h o o 3 , . in , by kbar ) ccasi n the ’ W o r t h o Jo h h r t h e mse fve s v en perf med , that is , burnt ali e . 7 6 A G Uj A R A T I NO VEL. — t h e hill might thric e disapp e ar amidst t h e clash o f s words an d t h e scr e ams of its C n n me n Udai ur h ad bur i g wo , but p still de se rt fastn e sse s an d jun gl e gl ade s wh e re

( S iso dia e m e o n an d a Chi f ight liv , ill

n n n a n e t h e hu g ry , but with ho our u st i d by ‘é pollution of t h e Mle c h h a fi

At t h e time in whi c h t h e sc e n e of Karan

b e a a a c h ad e e n G lo is l id , Guj r t , whi h b o v e rr u n by M ahmud of Gh az n i a n d an

n e xe d amma w as n e by Muh d Ghori , o c ag ai n a Hin du prin cip ality u n d e r t h e rule

a n a l “ T h e n a VVa h e a a t . e of K r , g i R jpu op in g ch apte rs fin d h im c e le brati n g in his

a a A n h ilw ad- a an me e n m e c pit l , P t so tw ty il s

fr m t h e m e n e s an a t h e s a e o od r M s , Du r f sti

v al with du e pomp an d c ircumstan c e . H e re is a d e scription of t h e thre e pri n ci

I t is curi o us t o n o te that the w o rd Mle c h h a has almo st exact ‘ ’ l o G w o o A o o r y the same rigin as the reek rd barbar s . barbar s o w h o H o barbarian meant a pers n , when addressed by a ellene . c uld ‘ ’ ‘ ’ o o A Mle c h h a o t h e nly in reply make s unds like bar bar . (fr m s o o (3131 t o r o w h o e t t o t o ame r t as mix) was a pe s n , , wh n rying talk A s o o o s o t o an ryan , mixed up his w rds and c n tructi ns as be utterly unintelligible T h e miseries o f fo reign in vasio n eve n tually gav e t o o w o b th rds a sinister meaning . 1' T h e W ag h glas were a D h o lka H o use and succeeded ? o S o l n k riginal a is . 7 7 A G UJARA T l NO VEL . pal p e rso n age s who we re waitin g outside his p al a c e to do h im hon our o n this fort u n ate daiy “ O f all those w h o s at in t h e S pa ce re

h a e a e e e wa s se rve d for t e vill g p t ls , th r n o n e so st outly built or of such i n te llige n t

n H e w as a n appe aran c e as Bh a o . Ku bi

c a e an d in e e c e as by st , cours of his s rvi

a e ] h e h ad e e e in man a e p t , r c iv d gift y cr s

H e h ad a t a e n from t h e Ki n g . lso k o n fa m e e a a an a an d e n t h e r s v r l p rg s , coll cti g

m h e e a H e e n e a e t . e r v u s , p id th to Tr sury h ad e e n me e e c e e a b ut in s so thr s or y rs , his “ ” fie a e t h e e e n e e at c s prov rb S s fli s sixty, h ad n o t prove d tru e . His body w as we ll n e an d n e e c e e n as ourish d , his i t ll t , still k in h ad ac e m f m n youth , quir d wisdo ro lo g e n e m n w as t xp e rie c . His i d store d wi h kn owl e dge about t h e forme r re latio n s of

n an d e a an an d t h e e e n an d Ki gs p s ts , xt t colle ction of t h e l an d taxe s of thos e e arlie r

a d ys 0 O n t h e se at opposite Bhan o sat in a

ac e l n e t ash a a a n pl ful of dig ity , J , J i

’ il‘ he Gujarati is it lt l $03 7 8 G T I N O VE L A RA .

a e o n an an d se a am trade r . His tr d l d oun t H i e d to lakhs of rup e e s . s shops we re in

e ve ry vill ag e . His cre dit w as such th at his me re n ame would mak e ru p e e s spri n g

ma in h e u as t e e . an p, if by gic , d s rt M y

n a n e an d fore ig h rbours k w his ships , his

w e alth might b e re c kon e d in l akhs a n d in

e a e crore s . Thos who would h v sought

’ c e Je t ash a s a e m n to dis ov r qu liti s , i d or n a e e am n n a e tur , by x i i g his f c , would

n e at e e e w as a hav e b e e gr ly p rpl x d . It h rd to d e te ct th e re ability to make a n d ke e p mon e y

‘ a n d to c o n du c t trade . His body w as so stout th at his re l a tiv e s we re co n stan tly worrie d with t h e thought as to h o w the y would c arry his

e n e a H corpse wh d d . e w as so fat that his

ma n e a a an d t h e sto ch hu g lik s ck , folds of his fl e sh w e re so h e avy that if a n y littl e thin g h ad l in e m a e e ma n e got ost th , it would h v r i d

e e m a a T h e un discov r d fro y e r to ye r .

e a e w as in t h e n a n e h vi st fold fro t p rt of his ck , a n d wh e n sh avin g h im his barbe r ' h ad b are l y ” t h e stre n gth to lift it .

’ “ Th e re w a s o n e amon gst t h e crowd i Nagar g e n t le ine n who s e e med e spe cial

80 A T l RA NO VEL .

e e e e e t h e a Of th s d lightful sk tch s , l st is

a a n e Madh av h e worth p rticul r otic , for , t m n e t h e a n t h e o i ist r , is vill i of bo k .

’ While awaitin g t h e Ki n g s arrival w e are

n e h a a i troduc d to t e p l ce .

’ T h e n e e n e w as in t h e a e Ki g s r sid c cit d l ,

n n e a d man e n T h e a d r it stoo y oth r buildi gs .

e o n e w a s 1 00 e e t w as chi f f high , built of

- dark c oloure d sto n e an d w as squ are in sh ap e . It w as surroun de d by a rampart st udde d

e n a e me with dom d oct a gul r tow rs . So fifty fe e t fro m t h e groun d a t e rrac e ran roun d

A n d m a e t h e e n tire buildin g . fro it vi w

h f h e e n h e c ould b e ad o t whol tow . B e low t t e rrac e w e re sha p e ly arc h e s an d triumphal

n t h e e a e e a e pill ars . O out r w lls w r gr c ful c arvi n gs d e pic tin g amo n gst oth e r subj e cts t h e a R am an d a an t h e a e t h e w rs of R v , b ttl s of

a a a a a an d t h e e n a T h e M h bh r t lov s of Krish . in n e r walls we re p ain te d in rich an d vari ous colours an d hu n g with lo okin g- gl a sse s a n d m — a . da e e bro d irrors To y , just b for

’ n e t h e n in t h e n a a e c su ris , go gs Ki g s p l c b a n

‘ m t h e dru ms an dv t h e n :s to boo , to roll co ch T V A GUJARA I NO EL . 31

n fie a th scre am . This sig i d th t e Kin g h ad rise n from his couch . H e first we n t to visit

li e H e e n his be love d o rs s . th cle an se d his

e an d a e te th b th e d . Aft r his bath h e wor shipp e d in t h e pre se n c e of t h e prie sts his favo urite god Shiva Lastly h e ord e re d grai n to b e giv e n to t h e starvin g

e a h ad a e e e e in san b gg rs who g th r d th r thou ds .

h e n w as n e h e d e e m e W this do r ss d hi s lf,

a n d n o n n ame n e n t o t h e , putti g his or ts , w t

Durb ar .

e a e e e n e e n at a Thos who h v b pr s t; ’ ’ Vice roy s or Gove rn or s Durb ar will b e in t e re st ed to le arn from t h e followin g p assage that a Durb ar in t h e 1 3t h c e n tury diffe re d in fe w re sp e ct s from a mod e rn o n e

T h e va st h all in which t h e Durb ar w a s

e w as e an d e a de n e an d h ld wid b utifully sig d , w as surroun d e d by triumph al pillars of

c a O n h e e e e a e e ryst l . t floor w r spr d d p

O n c an m e e e . ushio n s d. ove r th e whit sh ts

e a e e e a e a an d n e a ch sid w r pl c d ch irs , r “ ’ t h Ki n g s thron e we re se ats for his

o f a a n e a n t e an k . fici ls , r g d ccordi g to h ir r

6 8 2 A GUJARA T I N O VE L .

’ T h e Kin g s thron e towe re d abov e all t h e

T h e n o n w as a e e . oth rs cushio it of broc d , " an d ov e r it w as a c ov e r of t h e riche st

n e e a an d most c ostly B e gal v e lv t . N r it were t h e thro n e s of t h e Yu v rajas or roy al

n e as n a an h a d n o n pri c s , but Ki g K r so s

e e m sat the y we re un occupie d . N xt to th h in gre at state t h e Chi e f Min ist e r M a d av . H e wore a gold c loth puggre e an d a c o at

c a e an d o n e e w as n o of bro d , his body th r

a e a am n an d e e e e l ck of p rls , di o ds oth r j w ll d

n am n e a h im e e t h e n or e ts . N r w r crow e d

T h ako r an t h e e o f t h e a an a s d chi fs p rg s . A n d the re we re e ve n pre se n t o n e or two tributary Kin gs .

O n t h e oth e r side w e re amb a ssadors

m a an d e e n . fro Ud ipur , Jodhpur oth r cou tri s Ne xt to th e m sat t h e S aman t s or c hie f m a f e w h o e e an e ac n ilit ry o fic rs , w r r k d cordi g

n n ame t h e to th e ir comma ds . Th e c chh a tra

a an d n o b at v a das e e e n e p tis , who w r titl d

t h e n an m e a m to dig ity of u br ll or dru .

I n o n e c n e e a me or r stood soldi rs , r d with

a e n e an d e swords , d gg rs , k iv s shi lds ; d

n asr e an d e e a n e pu dits, t olog rs oth r l r d T 1 N O VE L A GU/ARA . 83

* m n . e all e e e e Bh at s i s Opposit th s w r ,

Ch aran s ain g e rs n an d an c n m , p , ridi g d i g aste rs

n d ma c an I n e t an a gi i s . y othe r pl ac e w e re n a c a in e a n d e e utch girls l d costly cloth s j w ls ,

a me all e m e me n t e who ch r d by th ir ov s , th ir

e e an d e a n e e g stur s th ir sp rkli g y s . Sudde n ly t h e a a n e n ma e e e Chobd rs , c rryi g gold c s , st pp d “ forward an d crie d out : T h e Kin g of

Kin gs " T h e giv e r o f p ardon s " T h e ” disp e n se r of j oys " From this all in t h e

a n e a t h e n w as c m n Durb r k w th t Ki g o i g .

e n e an d in e a Ev ryo stood up , th ir v rious

T h e c a ways made obe isa n ce . ll if t h e

a e e an d e an d t h e Chobd rs ros loud r loud r , whol e hall buzz e d with e xcite me n t u n til t h e

n t n n n e Ki g sa dow upo his thro .

“ K i n g Karan w as in t h e v e ry prime of

e H e w a s a 30 e a a e lif bout y rs of g ,

B h is T o o t o r a . his extra rdinary pe ple claim be sp ung fro m ’ ” “ ” the sw eat o n Mah ad e v s br o w Bhal the fo rehead and alta o T o o o f o b rn) . heir pr fessi n was that bards and g eneal gists , but their principal claim t o fame w as their cust o m o f g o in g suret y fo r o o f e a e men t s o S o the perf rmance pg g entered int by the chiefs . h uld o f t o o u t n e o the latter fail carry them , the Bhat c o mmit t ed “ o r f- o o u o f traga sel imm lati n , and the g ilt Bhat murder fell ‘ ' o n the c e f B h at s w ere sureties t o the engage me nts entered int o K o o W o w n by t" athiawar chiefs with C l nel alker, and within my e f e xj e rin e n c e a Bhat h ao kille d himsel f i n the gard n o a chief wh o o n o t t o o w uld pay his debt a bania in his principal t wn . A GU/ARA T I N O VE L .

a n d through co n stan t e x e rcise from child

' h ad e ma n e m a an d n hood r i d uscul r stro g . ( n w as t h e e a His ski colour of wh t . His

a e w as fa e a n e st tur lofty , his c ov l , his os lo n g an d st raight . His lips w e re thin an d compre sse d an d gave t h e id e a th at h e w as

a a an d n an d a n a e w yw rd stubbor , th t his tur w as to c arry through at all costs wh at

e h a n m h h d o c e d e te r i n e d o n . This ad ofte n le d h im to do h asty a n d thought l e ss a c ts an d h ad e arn e d h im t h e n ickn ame “ ” b e T h a e e e e of G lo or e R sh . His y s w r oval ah d slightly re d which gave a some thi n g o f fie rc e n e ss to h is fac e an d in spire d

e e e a w as t h e villy dispos d with f r . His t h e pure st R ajput blood ; an d his c ourage

s l a e e w a worthy of a l pr is . His chi f

e h e w a s a a an d faults w re two . T first h sty

e e m e an d t h e e n w as e n fi ry t p r , s co d lic tious n e e e a w a s a an d ss . His for h d bro d his bushy an d c on tin uous e y e brows in dicate d

e H e w a s a in c e . r solution . cl d ostly cloth s O n his h e a d w as a golde n turb an fa ste n e d by a bro och se t with diamo n ds a n d H is coat w as of gold lac e an d his U A T I N VE L A G j RA O . 8 5

a e I n e n cloth of B e n r s work . his gold s c abbard we re his j e we l-hilte d sword an d

a e 1 R du n d n e c e e n d g g . his k w r stri gs of

n d d am n e a me n p e arls a i o ds . His low r g r ts 0 e e c a e a n d o n o n e w as a w r of bro d , foot

n n e e e e o f e v e g olde a kl t . His sho s w r v l t

’ e n a e ac an d cov e re d with gold st rs . P ocks

fe a e e a e e a n th rs ros bov his h d , rou d which

a n u t h e atte n d an ts wave d th e ir f s . S ch w as t h e st ate in whi c h Kin g Kara n sat ” e n n thro e d .

Afte r t h e Durb ar t h e kin g h ad man y duti e s

e f m H e h ad e n e to p r or . to list to r ligious

e e t h e c an t h e a l ctur s , h ts of Court b rds , an d in t h e afte rn oon le d a gre at pro c es sio n to sacrific e at a sa cre d tre e outside

t h e n an d o n e n a tow , his r tur p id his ” ma e t h e e a e ho g to g odd ss G dh chi , who

a e t h e a e me n o n e ac a n gu rd d b ttl ts , h occ sio

e a e a n t h e e n a m n lib r lly r w rdi g pr sidi g Br h i s .

I n t h e e vien in t h e n n e a g ki g , i st d of re tirin g to b e d a fte r t h e l abours of t h e / dayf de t e rmin e d to disguis e himse lf an d 1 wan de r through t h e tow n in t h e man n e r 86 G U A T 1 V A j RA NO EL.

e n e e am r d r d f ous by Harou n al R a schid .

a a a e a This , by f t lity which b rs a gre at ( r e se mbl an c e to t h e motif of a Sopho c l e an

a le d h im me e an d a in pl y , to t f ll love

’ i M adh av s e t h e n n e w th wif , u co sciously vil

e n t h e an d m m g ius of story , fro this e e t in g followe d all t h e ills th at o ve rtook h im an d u e H e r n a me w as R u s n his ho s . p u dari “ ” ( of t h e fair fac e ) an d h e r app e aran ce w as a s follows

“ * S h e w as in h a truth of t e lotus cl ss .

H e r a e w a s e t h e mc m“ “ an d f c lik full o , l wh e n bv e r h e r fa ir c h e c k t h e flush of

9 T h e H indus divide w o men i n to fo ur class e s ( 1) 112 1 04 1 (pad mini o f o s l T o t o 2 Em il the l tu c ass . his implies abs lu e perfecti n ( ) a , h it ran i V t e o o r c . . ( ) ariegated , with g d and bad qualities , but still fai t o o o o n 3 erfl'fl o f w n o o f a l k ; ( ) e the elephant class , ith beauty f ce ’ but w ith an elephant s v1 alk ( 4) amen (sh an kh in i) with n o beauty o f o o —ia t o any kind , and a v ice like a temple c nch fact , be distinctly ’ v o i T h e w o r o o f o u a ded . elephant s alk r ll the hips is pr d ced by the s w in g o f the fo o t in w ards in o rder t o pre serve the balance o f the ‘ o r w o o n w o m bebeda ater p ts the an s head and is much admired . A R aj p ut friend o f mine o nce to ld me that his br o ther had fallen in lo v e w ith a gi rl simply because her hips s w ung in so wide a circle o m T h e o that she t o o k an h o ur and a half t w alk a ile . sl w advance o f t his majestic beauty must hav e been as awe-inspiring as the pre o o f o cessi n the equin xes . "t I t must be r e membe red that the term M ah -surat o r mo o nface r e fe rs t o the brightness rath e r th an the ro undnes s o f t h e e s tern mo o \ n . i 6 “ S h e w alks in beau ty like the n i g ht L O u f cl o dless climes and starry skies .

G U A T I N E L 88 A j RA O V .

" l e t h e a n a n d Madan de v m ik r i bow, ight h ave use d th e m a s bows w ith which to J e h e a n T h h an llo pi e rc t e h rts of thousa ds . e c r o n h e r fore h e ad s e e me d like a drop

n a n a n H e of blood upo s owy pl i . r h e addre ss w a s a s d ark an d sh ap e ly a s a

’ a a n d h ad t h e a n n e cobr s hood , h ir co fi d

n t h e n e e n e e a e a e withi k ot b r l s d , it would h v

a h a H m e e e r . e r e e me r ch d w ist li bs , too , s d a s if th e y h ad be e n fa shio n e d a s sample s

’ e e c t man of God s p rf work ship . Who could re sist t h e charms of such b e a uty ? Man is ” man af e all but t r .

n a an m e an e m a Ki g K r , or th oth r ort ls , w as e xpos e d to t h e a ttac k of ch arms such h a s e e an d a m a n e at t e . th s , l ost f i t d sight

H e h e e man a e fin d w a , ow v r , g d to his y

o me an d e a n n R u su n dari w as h , l r i g who p ,

Madan de v H , the indu Cupid , is always represented as armed ’ w b o w s o o m o o w ith a fa hi ned fr a w man s eyebr . - t T h e c h an llo (a leEu) o r ro und sp o t o n the fo rehead is usually I t h as o w v o t o do w t translated as caste mark , h e er , n thing i h caste . I t o u S T h e re d t c h an llo o s is a purely religi s ign . and whi e den te a S o V v J usu lly a hivaite , alth ugh the aishna as and ains use red T h e f o c h an llo t h e J c h n l o s o o o . a l n cerem o nial ccasi ns saf r n marks ain . T h e T va m o f V v a\ lle l ilak is the o l ark the aishna a . But the p \ o w e o n t h e o T re sen yell lin s S hivaite are als called the “ ilak and re p L o o o f S v the crescent m n hi a . T 1 N VE L A G Uj A RA O . 89

e a e e e e n e e n e pr p r d , utt rly r ckl ss of co s qu c s ,

o h r e da o n t h e e e t e e . poss ss N xt y , pr t xt

e n sn e in a an a e h e of urg t bu i ss dist t vill g , g o t rid of M a dh av R upsu n dari at t h e

me w as in h e r e an at t he ti hous , xious

w arn in g ome n s th at we re co n tin u ally re cur — rin g h e re too t h e re se mblan c e to t h e

e e ama n e S h e h ad e e n Gr k dr is ot worthy . s

wh e n sh e awok e a broom stan din g in t h e

n e A s sh e ame n t h e a r a cor r . c dow st i s

c at ran p ast h e r ; an d w h e n sh e looke d

t h e n w h e r lan e e out of wi do , first g p f ll o n a w sh e w as n e x wido . As tryi g to

a n a a e me an n h e r e an pl i w y th ir i g , s rv ts

ran in to say th at a body of troops w e re

t h e e S h e forc in g th e ir w ay i n to hous .

a e d h e r e - n " a K e sh av c ll broth r i l w , who with

c e an as h e e e in su h s rv ts could coll ct , tri d

K e sh av va i n to O ppos e th e ir e n tran ce . w as c ut dow n an d R u psu n dari carrie d o ff

’ to t h e Kin g s p al a ce whe re sh e w a s le ft

’ in K aran s arms But n o w oth e r u nfo re " e e n? e e n a n e K e sh av w as ma e s v ts h pp e d . rri d

and o n e a - i e his d th , his high sp rit d widow G A R 1 N 9 0 A Uj A T O VE L .

ls Gu n su n dari d e te rmin e d to b e come S at ifi Amidst all t h e pomp an d ho n our to whi c h a a e n e d Gu n su n daii w as c o n S ti is titl ,

’ v e ye d with h e r husban d s corps e to t h e

u n n n n t h w a sh e w as b r i g grou d . O e y a c e n a an e a s a cost d by Ki g K r , disguis d

l a a H e h ad e a th e poor y cl d R j put . h rd of

e e n e e n e a n an d t rribl co s qu c s of his ctio , ,

n a e n me n e e m hopi g to v rt pu ish t th r fro , atte mpt e d to tri c k t h e S ati in to givi n g h im h e r s n sh e e e t h e bl e si g . But pi rc d

’ e an d u at h e r an disguis , . f rious husb d s

e a < n e t h e an d e d th , i clud d city its wick d

n in a e a ki g f rful curs e .

“ May h e e n d his days a wan de re r in t h e d e s e rt ; may his w ife b e le d away by t h e an e ma a e a e e n d str g r ; y his d ught r, ft r

e a a n t h e an t h e l ss h rdships , f ll i to h ds of barb ari an ; may his e n e mi e s make his p alac e the ir dwe llin g plac e ; may his sub

e c t s b e n e in t h e a e t h e n j i volv d f t of ki g ,

S v o am S at o w ati is deri ed fr m ( ) truth , and implies that the wid o o H e r - o io h e r has ad pted the true c urse . self imm lat n relieves husband o r T h e o f t h fr m any future A vatars o incarnatio ns . place her w is (h e o o int in w c ar d usually marked yp st ne pillar with a hand p g up ards r yi o n it .

A G U A T I N O VE L 9 2 j RA . brought in turn his moth e r an d his o n ly

’ so n a n d e n e m at t h e an a , butch ri g th B i s ( e e n e h im all e e f t , spri kl d ov r with th ir

a a e e h e a e a e d blood . As l st r sourc pp l to “ h im m t h e n e . e e Ki g , who slight d His supr

e me h ad fa e h e t a e m e r dy il d , so s bb d hi s lf

’ in t h e K n e e n c e a n o n h im t h e i g s pr s , l yi g “ ” awful guilt of Bhat b atya or Bhat m T h e w as n o w e f n urde r . cup ov r lowi g ,

’ e f t h e B h at s an d a s t h e l a st bre ath l t body , h a p an ti n g me sse n ge r ran up an d told t e Ki n g th at t h e D e lhi armi e s h ad cross e d

n e his fro t i r . To a sc e rt ain how this bolt fe ll from t h e

n Madh av m w e blu e w e must re tur to , who

’ e o n t h e da e a n l ft , y of his wif s bductio ,

i e O n e n h e n a distan t vill ag . his r tur

f n e in m n n fe n e ou d his hous our i g , his wi go

— - law e a a n d his broth e r an d sist e r in d d .

mml t e r H e c ould n o lo n ge r b e chie f s .

h im H e His summe r frie n ds d e se rte d . ,

n T n fo r could o n ly l e ave t h e tow . hirsti g v e n g e an c e h e we n t to a t e mple in Sidh

an d t h e ame e e n n in a e am pur , s v i g dr , — t h e godde ss Bhawan i " t h e sp e c ial godd e ss T N A G U/ARA 1 O VEL . 9 3 — of t h e S ati app e are d to h 1m ln t h e guise

a Mah o me dan ma n a n d n e of wo , poi t d to

h M adh a D e lhi a s t e p ath to his de sire . v an d his frie n d M o t ish a made th e ir w ay to

e an d a e n ume a e n re D lhi , ft r rous dv tu s

a e e e e e t h e vividly told , rriv d th r , shortly b for ’ birthd ay of Alla-u d- din s e lde st so n Prin c e

h i arkh an a n a m me n l K j . P usi g o t to e t us * a e at t h e an n a i an d g z crowd of s y s s yogis ,

9 ' S ana y a sz (fro m QM and mm) means a perso n w h o has e ntirely put a way t h e th ings o f this w o rld and is the term applied t o the 4t h ’ o d s A t h e r stag e o f a H indu h o useh l er life . fter thi d st age o f preparatio n he must o n a lucky day d o n the yell o w garment o f the a o u o u scetic , and ren ncing all ties, live in an app inted place ntil death h H is o o n n o t 1 o o a o releases im. p ssessi s must exceed ( ) a bamb st ff f ’ seven kno t s ( 2 ) a g o u rd ( 3) a black buck s skin (4) a fe w hand . - fuls o f rice made specially ill t asting t o prevent an y g rati ficat i o n o f H is w o t o o f the palate . ealth must be dev ted the building dharma s w o o ro halas , temples and ells , and his f d must be entirely p cured by n T h e o i r o f ro 72 131 me dicancy . y g means lite ally the man science f m . But it h as the special se n se o f o n e w h o practises the science o f mo rt ific at io n a h e a e o w v o f . By this me ns cquir s all p ers , e en that o o f e H S V R living cr res y ars . ere is a anskrit erse describing a ishi r w h o o so o seer had d ne . “ T h o o f o o v u w e l wer half his b dy was c ered p ith ant hills . ’ R o h is t o fo rme d und chest was a serpen s sl ugh , while creepers a n o o H is o o n o ecklace r und his thr at . kn tted hair fell his sh ulders n I n an d t h e birds nested in the ta gles . such guise and with face o w ov t ards the sun the seer sat imm able . T h e Varag a’is o ne w h o is with o ut attachment (QM) o f att ach t o T n o s o o f n o s un ment the earth . here is a ther divi i n ascetics i t e a l o T h e de o s w h o and mi (bh gi and tyagi) . latter inclu s th e ha v e

o . r o f re s un ciat io n T h e o bec me beggars in a true spi it . f rmer c o m i' is e s o w h o s o t o r o o I p th se did shi k w rk and enj y themselves . ' 1111 o t t o r t a e o b h o is 3 t ld hat in his kaliyuga , degenera e g , the g are by far the mo re co mm o n E 94 A GUJA RA T I N O V L . who h ad gath e re d to do hon our to t h e

K a t h e a a e t h e godde ss li , uthor t k s us to

a-u d- din o n e t h e m Court of All Khilji, of ost c ap abl e an d bloodt hirsty tyr an ts who e v e r

( n Na da h n k e . n s a ar h as e e s at o n a thro Mr . h r

re e e m t h e e an ian f ly borrow d fro P rsi histor ,

T h e am n e a t h e B aira n i . tr pli g to d th of fe w survivors of a Mon gol army which h ad e n te re d In dia score s of thousan ds

n a n d t h e am s e n e e e e n t h e stro g , f ous c b tw E mp e ror an d t h e Kazi are almost lit e rally

T h e m e in e n a tran scribe d . E p ror op Durb r qu e stione d t h e Kazi wh e th e r his a cts in — p e ac e an d w ar his tre atme n t of corrupt

e e n e f e e e a a n d r v u o fic rs , r b llious sird rs his — p ayme n t of t h e troops we re a ccordin g t o

c e e h m la t h e stri t l tt r of t e Musul an w . T h e Kazi in spit e of t h e gre at fe ar of

a u d- din a la o n all n a l All th t y I di , bold y told h im that his a cts w e re quite co n trary

e t h e e e e c e to t h laws of Proph t . All xp t d

“ h E m e ro r if a e a e n e an e . t e f rful v g c But p , h e n e e e e n e a a e man k w littl ls , k w br v

e n h e s w o n e an d n e t h e K a wh a , ho our d zi

le l g w 1t h a e an d a e e n me e o b se rv rob pr s t , r ly

A G U A R A T l 9 6 j NO VEL .

n d rush e d a spran g wildly amon g st t h e m b o .

“ an d r n an d ma e Rich poo , you g old , st r

an d e an a e an d n s rv t , p up r pri ce we re all

a i e e a n d am e in t h e mu d l k roll d tr pl d . Those who at n ight sle pt o n wadde d

ma e e e e an e ttr ss s , whos s rv ts sooth d and

an n e e m e h ad n e e e f d th to r st , who v r ve n

e t h e e a t h e w n e e n o w f lt br th of hot i d , w r lyin g a t full l e n gth a n d th e ir bodie s we re so c rush e d th at fo r t h e re st of th e ir live s th e y n e v e r a gai n n e e de d a

L T h e youn g prin ce w as all this while

n e e o n e e an t sitti g h lpl ssly his l ph , which h ad thrown its mahout a n d w as rushin g

a a a in a T h e wildly bout with bl z g howd h .

n e w as in a mma h pri c dile . If e re main e d o n t h e e l e phan t h e would ce rtain ly b e

e burn t to d ath . If h e jumpe d o ff h e would b e am e n e t h e e e t t h e c tr pl d u d r f of rowd .

’ From this re al d an ge r Ma dh av Karau s

a n h H n n e m e e e im. e S a o l t i ist r , r scu d pr g t h e a a n d e n t h e m e howd h , s izi g boy , j u p d

' T h f o o l t fi ‘ g n s e p o int c this sard nic j ke l es in the fact hat t lta m i o t o z and t o o o 0 b th squee e shamp . T 1 A GU/ARA NO VEL . 9 7

n o n t h e mo b an d e a d dow , with gr t goo fortun e succe e de d in c arryin g h im to a

afe T h e a e plac e of s ty . gr t ful Sh ahzada

h im n ame e a an d Madh av told to his r w rd,

' aske d fo r an d w as n e xt day gran te d an

t h e m e au die n c e with E p ror . Th e re h e laid his case be fore t h e R e fuge of t h e

W o rld “ “ m e h im c n e , i who pro is d to o qu r Guj arat an d to re in state h im as c hie f

min iste r un de r t h e D e lhi vizie r .

It w as in e x e cutio n of this promise th a t

’ - - a e at c e n e a u d n a e n e ral gr for u d r All di s g ,

K n e A n h il a O n an a w d . e a n Alif h , i v d d h ri g of t h e in vasion th e re we re two course s op e n

T h e e to Kin g Karan . cours e sugg st e d by his le adin g c aptain s w a s highly comme n d

a e e n o a e n ble . Th y advis d ctiv oppositio of

t h e n a n a m a n e e n e i v di g r y , but stubbor d f c

A n h ilw ad— a an e t h e t h e of P t , whil bulk of army cut t h e Musalman c ommu n i c at ion s l an d gra dually c olle cte d e n ough troops to e n abl e th e m to me e t t h e e n e my in t h e

fe h an an ah T h e E o o o f o o fi p . Musulman mper rs were f nd c mp und ri o f J cl an o as J n W o L p mes which y f rmed a part , such eha gir ( rld s z Jeh an so z W o - ei er) , ( rld burner .) 7 A T 1 N O L 9 8 A G U/ RA VE .

me an c e c e op e n with so ch of su c ss . But

e t h e a h ad b e u e t h e curs of S ti to f lfill d . ( n a an ma b e e e in Ki g K r , who y d scrib d ’ “ C arlyle s words as without fe ar of d e ath ” an d n e e w ar e a e without k owl dg of , d cl r d with c hara cte ristic imprud e n c e that this

e w as n a a n cours u worthy of R jput Ki g , an d a n o ma e a t h e e e th t tt r wh t odds w r , h e would me e t t h e b arbari an s in t h e O p e n

a e - fie d T h e e e c w as e c alc u b ttl l . sp h w ll lat e d to dissipat e t h e littl e cautio n th at is

e e b e n in a a a e v r to fou d R jput ch r ct r ,

an d t h e ; small de fe n di n g forc e me t A lif

’ Khan s army in a stro n g positio n n o t far

f m t h e T h e a an a e t h e ro city . dv t g of groun d e n able d t h e Hin dus to hold the ir

o w n t h e da a n d at throughout first y , n ight a truc e w as c alle d a n d hostilitie s we re susp e n de d u n til su n rise o n t h e

n m n n T h e a t m followi g or i g . R jpu s ight h av e k n own that t h e tre a che ry of a n

f an a t h e v ‘ e o n in A gh is byword , but sl pt

e e n e n c e n e e p rf ct co fid u til , shortly b for

a n e r c am w as e a n d e i d w , th i p rush d th r ; Q l ‘ ' e n i e fo rc e c u i e c K ln a an t r t to p e s . g K r

U A A T 1 100 A G / R NO VEL . w ay h e le arn t th at Kin g Karan h ad be e n giv e n sh e lt e r in B aglan an d was re cove rin g

n H e n e n from his wou ds . tur d south a d at last

an e e m in a e e a e r I n h d d th s f ty to th ir f th .

fiv e e a t h e e e e an d f e a y rs ld st di d , our y rs

a e e n w e are re - n c e n l t r, wh i trodu d to Ki g

a an t h e n e e e n a e . K r , you g r is thirt y rs old A tige r hun t in t h e n e ighbourhood of B aglan is t h e be gin n in g of t h e ve ry sle n de r

f t h e I n h lo v e t ale o book . t e hun t Kin g

’ R amde v s n a n a e a two so s took ctiv p rt , an d t h e e e S h an kalde v a e t h e e ld r , , s v d lif of i lde vi e an d e e e D e v a . Prot ctor prot ct d f ll

e n in e e ac e an d o n viol tly lov with h oth r,

’ h an kalde v s e u n D e o adh R amde v S r t r to g , ,

’ o n n e a a e t h e an his so s b h lf, sk d for h d

e v alde v i a an w as a W a of D . But K r g h e la

a an d R amde v n a a a a R j put , o ly M hr tt , an d a an fa e n a s h e w a s e m e K r , ll , h ld hi s lf

mme a a t h e e an d e th e i sur bly sup rior , drov out

n n n e me sse n ge r with ig omi y . But ws came which made Kin g Karan bitte rly re gre t

f me r e e n K o u laran i h ad his prid e . His or Qu

’

e e n e t , n me h e r a e e b k p i for d of d ught r s fi , " an d sh e lo ln g e d to se e h e r still s u rvivi n g A T A G Uj A R 1 NO VEL . 101

D e v alde v i a -u d- din sh e w as all . With All

we an d e e t h e c an e an po rful , s iz d h c of

e xpe dit ion again st R amde v to ask that

D e v alde v i might b e torn from h e r fath e r

T h e m e an d brought to D e lhi . E p ror

n an w a s e e re adily a sse t e d . Alif Kh ord r d

n c e o n a an m a a w e a to a dva B gl fro Guj r t , hil

se co n d army u n de r M al ak Kafur de alt with

D e o adh e n n a an in e n e g . Th Ki g K r , bitt r ss of

S w as a e n a c e an pirit , gl d ough to c pt Sh

- - la B t u w as a e . kalde v as so n in w . it too l t I n v ai n Karan calle d o n his old R ajput i r t h s oldie rs of Guj arat to h e lp h m . W ith e fe w who an sw e re d h is c all an d t h e aid

’ n R amde v s n e so n Bh imde v of Ki g you g r , , h e h e ld for a time t h e approach e s to

a an a me e n e me n e n a e B gl , but ti ly r i forc t bl d Alif Khan to c arry t h e p asse s a n d blo c k

a de t h e n a m n e le d t h e n a an tow . F i i h bit ts

e n t h e a e an d n a an t u to op g t s , Ki g K r ho ght

o n e m e that t h e e n d h ad come . But or

’ n i n t h e chan c e w a s give h m. Profiti g by

’ con fusion of Alif Khan s e n t ry in to t h e

t zwn h e Bh imde v D e v alde v i n d t h e g , , , , a bulk " of his troops slipp e d aw a v an d we re far o n T E 102 A G U/ARA I NO V L. t h e ro ad to D e o g adh be fore Alif Kh an n e e a e a an e otic d th ir dis pp r c . For a time it ( ’ would s e e m as if Kin g Karau s troubl e s we re

e t h e e t h e a h ad ov r . But curs of S ti to

‘ h e a e t h b e fulfill e d . Althoug th y void d e mai n army of Alif Khan t h e fugitive s fe ll in a n a man an in with rovi g Mus l b d , who

e n e n m e e e spit of i f rior u b rs , cut to pi c s t h e e n D e v alde v i w as le d dispirit d Hi dus . a way to D e lhi by t h e b arb arian an d marrie d

t h e a a a T h e a h as n o w n to Sh hz d . uthor o ly

ff an e t h e to fin ish o Kin g Kar . Whil pur suit o f D e v alde v i w as b e i n g vigorously

’ e e f an a K afur s a m pr ss d by Ali Kh , M lik r y

w a D e o adh t h e force d its y to g . But

a a n w a n e H e e a M hr tt a Ki g s o h ro . r dily

ma e e ac e t h e m e e n e e d his p with E p ror , t d r d

n az a a d n a ar n an e a e . , u d rtook to p y tribut This so disg ust e d Karan that in d e sp air h e le ft his sh e lte r an d e n t e re d o n t h e wan de r

in g life fore told by t h e dyi n g Gu n su n dari .

ft e a a n a e m c mm t e A r v i tt pt to o i suicid , h e at last came by his de sire an d die d

n a a n t h e Mle c h h a n s fighti g g i st . As lo g g “ R a mde v live d t h e promis e d tribute w as

T 1 N 104 A GU/ARA O VEL. h ave attai n e d a bsorption in t h e de ity (an) y e t disturbe d t h e whole t e mpl e if h e c ould n o t g e t his re gul a r opium ; t he Brahmin s

al e e c e e e e e a t h e who , though th y r iv d v ry y r

ame f e n m e a a a e s o f ri gs fro th ir flock , lw ys r is d pi e rc i n g lame n tatio n s o n t h e avari c e an d

c e n e t h e a e an d e e n a a e wi k d ss of g , v tu lly , ft r

e a c n a e e n n c a n pr hi g lif of r u i tio , so fought ove r t h e division of t h e gifts that th e y

’ n e a e e a c e are e f rly sh d h oth r s blood , d light ul

c m h e n in tou c h e s of s ar as . But t sce e whi c h

’ a a o n e a au me a a me t H rp l , of K r s for r v ss ls , t h e e e Madh av a e a e wr tch d , who ft r bri f

e n h a d e e n c e f m a a r ig b for d to fly ro Guj r t ,

m e a a is p e rh aps t h e most i pre ssiv . H rp l c ould fi n d n o wors e e pithe t fo r t h e tre ache r — ous min ist e r tha n A re Nagra l O you Na gar " an d wh e n it is re me mb e re d that

N dash an kar a s m e a a a . an w Mr hi s lf N g r , t h e re ad e r c an e stimate t h e force of this

e me n m n is tr dous judg e t .

S t h e o o f E a st a n d W est I v ince publicati n this article in , ha e learnt that the ab o ve parag raph has caused so me o ffence t o the N r o I o o o r o aga c mmunity . theref re take this pp tunity f assuring them that this w as nev er my intentio n and o f expressing my E gret o ve o o I w as o that they sh uld misunderst d me . merely qu ting t ’ o o r an I n e ve r t o t o Na ars o f \ auth r s w ds meant apply them the g L the present day . G U A R A T l A J NO VEL. 105

Those who would se arc h t h e book for a

b e a n T h e r love story will dis ppoi t e d . o man c e of D e v alde v i an d S h an kalde v is

’ n t n m e an a c i e n fan c as o hi g or th h ldr s y , is i n d e e d i n e vitabl e in a lan d wh e re girls are marrie d at thirt e e n to husban ds c hose n for

e m e am e T h e a n th by th ir f ili s . bsorbi g in te re st in t h e book r e ally c e n tre s rou n d t h e e e u e t h e a H e r me t rribl fig r of S ti . ri t o rio u s d e ath mak e s t h e gods h e r pl ay

n A n d w e n o t a a n me e thi gs . though do g i t

’ h e r a e h e r e a o n h e r an d e ft r d th husb s pyr , y e t w e kn ow throughout t h e book th at h e r

ma n an e me m an lig t spirit is , lik so Oly pi

e m n e e n a if h e r godd ss, ouldi g v ts to gr t y

in e n a e an e sh e ma e xti guish bl g r . It is who k s Kin g Karan d e af to t h e advice o f his

e e an e m K o ularan i v t r soldi rs , who pro pts to a sk for D e v alde v i an d who fin ally guid e s in to t h e D e cc an t h e un h appy pri n ce to fin d a n ame le ss gra ve b e n e ath t h e walls of

D e o adh g . Although this artic l e h as e x c e e de d its

l tt ehde d m I c an n a e e a e a li its, ot t k , l v of

’ n Mr . Nan dash an kar s gre at romace without ] 106 A G UJARA T NO VEL.

— tran s c ribin g its c losin g p assage a p assage

n e a so full of touchi g sorrow for th p st , so ( marke d with dign ifi e d submissio n to t h e

e e n e t e n an fu e e pr s t , y so r so t with tur hop , as t o form a fittin g con clusion to this admi

rabl e book .

So di e d Karan W ag h e la t h e last Rajput Kin g of Guj arat At his d e ath Guj arat w as widowe d ; sh e be came t h e spoil

e n a a an an d an of for ig b rb ri s , wild outl dish

e e ma e h e r e e a m e a p opl d th ir pr y . M h ud B gr an d t h e othe r Sultan s of Ahme dabad did h e r mu c h e vil an d t h e M ahratt a s utt e rly de

h r a a e n n a spoile d e . Thus Guj r t f ll upo u h ppy

a d ys .

T h e me h e r e a n e h as a e a a ti of gr t ss p ss d w y , y e t h e re an d th e re may b e s e e n its broke n

e T h e R u draw ala t h e r lics . of Sidhpur ,

S ah ast rillin a e a an an d e m g l k of P t , oth r ighty works b e ar witn e ss to those b y -gon e days

a n d to t h e forme r fortu n e s of t h e Rajput .

n a a e me e e m n a o But ow d ys , thos ti s s lo g g

an d fiv e n e an d e a h a e ( hu dr d fifty y rs v pa sse d si n ce t h e de ath of Karan

A A R A T l 108 G Uj NO VEL .

A n d a e I am e e a to this pr y r will , sur , r dily a sse n t all thos e who h ave e ve r se rve d in e ithe r of t h e sist e r-kin gdoms o f S aura shtra or A n h ilw ad an d who h ave k n own an d love d

e r fa e n e e a an an d a th i ir sc s , th ir g ll t loy l — c e f an d e e n an d a m e a e hi s, th ir fri dly w r h rt d p e ople .

P S I S A N D U 1 12 THE AR HELLENIC INFL ENCE.

e e an e n o e a e Mor ov r , this sw r is r ply wh te v r

h e e n e n T h e e c to t s co d qu stio . obj t of this article will b e to e stablish that t h e solutio n of both probl e ms is to b e foun d in th e He lle n isation of Pe rsia be fore t h e Ar i b

n a n i v sio . It might b e thought th at t h e history of th e Parsis sin c e th e ir immigration to In dia might

an e an e e e n n supply oth r sw r , but th r is othi g in a e a n e ff I n 63 it th t xpl i s e ith r di ic ulty . 3

D as e n wn t h e a if ma A . . , is w ll k o , Kh l O r boldly de cl are d w ar again st both t h e P e rsia n a t h e e e m e A n rm e n n e n d Gr k e pir s . . y s t u d r Kh alid to in v ad e Irak w a s at first s u cce ssful but e v e n tu ally me t with disa st e r o n t h e fi e ld

h t h e t a e a e of Marv a a . But dis r ct d st t of Pe rsia p re ve n te d t h e Ch o sro e s Ye z deg ird f m n e an d e e e a ro followi g up his succ ss, thr y rs l ate r t h e e n tire military e st ablishme n t of t h e . ’ ki n gdom p e rish e d in t h e thre e days battl e of

K a de sia . T h e u n happy kin g raise d fre sh l e vie s on ly to se e the m d e stroy e d at Jalula an d e a e n T h e a an a m e a n N h v d . Ar bi r y ov rr

’ t h e gre at kin g s domin io n s a s far a s t h e O xcg Y an d e z de gird e v e n tu ally p e rishe d e ithe r a T H E S S A N D H E E N N F N E PAR I LL IC I LUE C . 113 fugitive in Chin a or a victim to t h e c upidity

VI e rv of a mille r of l .

’ O n Ye z de g ird s d e ath t h e gre at bulk of t h e Pe rsian popul ation a c c e pte d th e n e w rdiers an d t h e n c e ra an , provi of Kho s dis

h e e t in u is e d e m . I n e u n g its lf by its w lco r t r , t h e Arabs did n o t pre ss o n th e m with an e a e e t h e e n y gr t s v rity r ligio of Islam. For a hu n dre d ye a rs t h e i n habitan ts we re allowe d to prac tise without much hi n dran ce

e a e an a th ir old M zd f ith . But a s time

a e t h e e e a p ss d , rul rs of P rsi forgo t t h e

‘ i re ady s u b missidn o f Khora san an d re me m

e e n e n n e T h b r d o ly its xisti g i fid lity . e bulk o f su c h in h abitan ts as would n o t b e c n e e fle d t h e an m o v rt d to isl d of Hor uz , from whic h shortly afte rwards t h e first b an d

e m an a e a ma n of igr ts s il d for Div, s ll isla d o ff t h e c a a a o st of K thiaw r . T h e wants of a growin g population le d to a se con d e m a n an an a a e in e igr tio to S j , vill g t h ‘ an a e a e e e a f e e n Th coll ctor t , wh r skil ul pr s ta tio n of the ir re ligion as akin to Hin duism l i ac u c e d t h e e n n m n a a h an a g r ig i g o rch , J d R , to allow t h e voyag e rs o n ce rtain te rms to se ttle

8 i . 1 T H E S I S A ND I F 1 14 PAR HELLENIC N LUENCE.

* in his domin io n s T h e con ditio n s i n clude d t h e a n t h e marria e c u st o ms an d doptio of g , t h e an a e t h e c n an d t h e l gu g of ou try ,

’ assumptio n by t h e immigran ts wome n of t h e Hi n du dre ss . T h e me n furth e r a gre e d

n o n e a a m t h e n w a s to lo g r c rry r s , for ki g struck by an d susp e ct e d th e ir martial look a n d a ia e m an an t h e a e a c rr g . Fro S j P rsis spr d

am a an a an d Na man dal to C b y , Th j to which the y gave t h e mod e rn n ame o f

N a a in me m a an n vs ri , ory of dist t tow

h ri n amid t e rice fi e lds of Ma z a de ra . e ’ O n e mig h t h ave thought th at t h e Pa rsis

e n h ad e e n f e n e e e r ligio b su fici tly p rs cut d , but t h e Portugue se trie d to a c complish what t h e

a h ad a e ac e e I n t h e 1 4t h Ar bs f il d to hi v . c e n t ury t h e Gove r n or of Th an a proclaime d th at all re side n t Parsis should b e come

n e a Christia s . But t h e Parsis show d th t the y h ad n o t forgott e n t h e spirit whic h imp e ll e d th e ir a n c e stors to sac rifice the ir

a n c e f th e rlan d ra th e r th an th e ir re ligio . For

w a s m e an d t h e e c e i possibl , rus to whi h th y ‘ e t e is vo rt h e e n e e e'd r sor d a r p titio . Th y b gg

’ “ fi rms Me nan t s H isto ire de s P e .

S S A N D H N I N 1 16 THE PAR I ELLE C I FL UENCE.

n a e t h e a n a n e e Fortu t ly for P rsis , I di v r

M a man a e e be came wholly us l . E ch succ din g dy n asty crumble d to pie ce s be fore it

m rn n ac hie ve d t h e ode re ality of I dian

t h e ma Z a an c o m Empire . Thus s ll oro stri

e o n e e a e n e mu n ity struggl d . For s v r l c turi s

a a me an d e t a e e c ultiv tors , f r rs p t y tr d rs , th y l e arn t at l a st t h e s e cre ts of comme rce an d of amassi n g w e alth from t h e E n glish of

Bombay . Now th e re is n othin g in t h e fore goin g history th at e xpl ai n s e ith e r of t h e poin ts

t h e a a a n h rais e d i n first p r gr ph . O t e c o n t rar o n e m a e e e e at t h e y , ight h v xp ct d th

P arsis atta cke d by t h e M ah o me dan s an d

e e t h e n du a e ra p e rs cut d by Hi s , would h v g du ally b e e n absorb e d i n to t h e Gu z e rat i

T h e n f n . e an a e e e sp e aki g body xpl tio , th r or ,

t e e e e o n e e n must b e sough ls wh r . If qu stio s ’ n h e a e t h e a n a t h e Hi du , scrib s P rsi s i bility to

e rat i n a u a talk Gu z to his t r l stupidity , but

a t h e a e e a n this is bsurd , for l tt r l r s to

a e an d e n n a n d S p e k , corr ctly flu tly , E glish

h e e a e e an d e ne . T Fre n ch w lth , how v r , rg y of t h e Parsi me rchan ts h ave . mad e ( t h e T H E S I S A N D E N PAR HELL IC INFL UENCE. 1 17

n e e an d n n e a e t h e Hi du pr judic d , othi g pl s s latte r more than to t e ll storie s o f t h e )

di c o mfi re a n T h s t u of P rsi stude ts . e follow

in a a o n e a lad an . g is typic l . A P rsi , xious to p ass his matric ulatio n but fe a rin g t h at

h e h e a e a e in n a n a would , if pp r d his tio l

e b e at n c e e e e e h im dr ss , o r j ct d , disguis d

e as a an a an e n m c h an o lo s lf B i , with or ous

- or c ast e mark o n his fore he ad . T h e e xa , mi n e r co n side re d his app e aran ce suspicious

e e t H e a e t h e an d re solv d to t s it . sk d boy

r T h e e t h e e m n n e mo a e a . f i i of , p cock prop r an e e b e dh el ‘ t h e sw r would , of cours , , but

e n guil le ss youth re plie d a drai .

e e e sa h e w a s m an d N dl ss to y, pro ptly ign omin iously e xp e lle d amidst t h e in e xt in g uish ab le l aughte r of th e triumph an t Hin dus

It may b e said th at th e re h ave b e e n amo n g t h e mode rn Parsis man y e xce lle n t

Gu z e ra ti a n o t e n . schol rs . This I will d y

n k b e n e e a But I thi it will co c d d th t , although n o t quit e so b ad a Gu z e rat i lih uis t a s e a e e n t h e a g his d tr ctors pr t d, P rsi

e rar e r t l v ry e ly S p e aks Gu z e rat i po re c y . I T H E S S A N D E I N E E 1 18 PAR I H LLENIC FL U NC . have h e ard in my court an e min e n t Parsi

’ b arriste r s addre ss d e live re d in E n glish — ' a fore ign l a n gu age with a c los e n e ss of re a so n i n g an d a purity of a cce n t th at would h av e c omman de d t h e atte n tio n of a

mm e e t h e e mm n Co itt of Hous of Co o s . Ye t wh e n some time late r t h e same g e n tl e man spoke to a witn e ss in t h e

e n ac a e e n an n in t h e v r ul r , v ry I di sitti g cou rt smile d an d t h e witn e ss re plie d that h e n o t n e a n n l w as did u d rst d E g ish . I so gre atly stru c k with this i n cide n t th at I h ave b e e n at some p ai n s to discov e r t h e pri n cip al e rrors i n to which a Pa rsi is apt

e a e a b e to fall . Th y pp r to T h e substitution of c e rtain l e tte rs for

e a s Q 01 (4 ° n an c e oth rs , such for or For i st

' ' ' ' ’ H Q l H Qi tfll e me m e a ima fi g for g to r b r , g for

‘ a immg to h e ar ; similarly Q is substitute d

“ e n an e W 145 a l 32 101 for , for i st c , i g for 3 to f l , 31

' ” 70 - H era e n a t 13 ac e . for a to s d for , R s for q obst l

Also «1 is almost i n variably use d in st e a d o f r a s in 11a 1 mm mu f fle g , for , for * ma la an d <1 a n d a a an d s are a e ni , , r r ly

T h e H indu s say that Parsis have t o ask each o ther w hether ‘ - the d is the d in D o sab h ai o r the d in D r lab h ai .

T H E S S A ND F 1 2 0 PAR I HELLENIC IN L UENCE.

b e some powe rful re a son th at t h e Parsi h as

a e e e t h e e a e c e e e f il d w r oth rs h v suc d d .

Now from l an gu ag e le t us turn to h is

I n t h e e a a t h e 3 rd e n tory . rly p rt of c tury

‘ B w e fin d in me a n a m C . e a a . Ro tiv dr

n a n n e e a n s w as which , if co t i i g Gr k llusio ,

t n n a n a e n in y e disti ctly tio al . It w s writt

a me e e e a an an d in t h e tr xclusiv ly It li , h an ds of Plautus w as n o t u n worthy of t h e mighty role th at w as be in g e n acte d by

H o me a n d t h e c itie s of t h e L ati n l e agu e .

a fe w e a a e a a n art ama But y rs l t r , It li , dr ,

‘ po e try an d e ve n music h ad tot ally disap

e are d an d in e o f a n a n a m e p , spit tio l ov

’ me n n e a e in t h e t u qu ll d world s history , or

e a e t h e m e n a an e e a n e qu ll d by od r J p s lo , in spit e of a struggle in whi c h t h e gre at e st ge n ius of all time fail e d in t h e face of t h e burn i n g p atriot ism o f Rome to

h e r d m n n h e r e e t c uproot o i io , sol po i pro

n duction w as t h e u n couth e pic of E n ius . Th at this d e cay w as du e to t h e all- absorbi n g i n flu e n c e of H e ll e n ism th e re c an b e n o doubt

a e e f r n n me e an d h is wh t v r , p E ius took his tr m e ec f m c X t o me e e e . e od ls dir t ro Gr ( R N E E THE P A R S /S A ND HELLE I C INFLU N C . 12 1

h ad a s ye t o n ly come i n to co n tact with t h e H e lle n ic fri n ge o n th e w e st e rn shore s

t h e a T h e n e n e of Adri tic . xt two hu dr d

e a saw e a e n e v w ar y rs still gr t r co t sts , ci il

an d at a a —e m e e t me l st world pir , y Ro faile d in art to produce an ythi n g what

e ve r an d in po e try but t h e fe e bl e st e c h o e s

me an m ma n b of Ho r d Si o n id e s . Ro istori an s Copie d l aboriously t h e me thods of

e o f e n t h e e a e thos Ath s , rul rs of h lf Europ

e e me e m e e a e d d th s lv s h ppy , if th y could ape t h e sp e e ch e s of me n e n gag e d in t h e a m n a n a a n an d d i istr tio of h lf cou ty , Roman wome n c ould fin d n o b e tte r mode ls th an t h e l as c ivious dre sse s of Cori n thian

e an e m a e e a m a court s s . W ll ight Hor c xcl i th t Gre e c e h ad t ake n captive h e r sav age c o n

h n n u e ro r e e n e s aw n t h e e n . q . But v o ly b gi i g Wh e n t h e c a pital shifte d from Rome to

n a n t n e t h e - e e n m Co st i opl , octopus grip of H ll is absolute ly cr u sh e d t h e e mpire out of e xiste n c e Slowly but sure ly L atin c e as e d to b e a spok e n

an a e an d e n me a an n e t h e l g u g , wh Ro b do d

E a e n m e fo r at a ma n e t h e st r E pir th of Ch rle g , law s of Jg st in ian we re in t h e Courts of T H E A R S I S A N D N UE 12 2 P HELLE IC INFL NCE.

Byz an tium admin ist e re d o n ly by t h e aid of

e e an a n n an d m Gr k tr sl tio s . Co suls E p e rors h ad ' e n a e e an d an d s e b as t o c rat o rs giv pl c to d spots ,

a n d e n in t h e 15 t h e n th e c a a wh c tury , pit l

w a s me t h e a e stor d by Turks , it is prob bl ,

a in t h e n an t n e a n w as th t , city of Co st i L ti

n e t h e Ge n e e a e a n e u d rstood by o s tr d rs lo , an d b y s uch cl e rks as t h e imp e ri al e mb assy might e mploy to tran sl ate t h e Gre e k of t h e

man m e n t h e a n Ro E p ror i to L ti which ,

a n o t e n w as v e t n e lthough spok , u d rstood by

t h e e e n a a an th e e w st r b rb ri s . Now , if forc of

e e n s m w as a it fi t H ll i such , th t could rs blight

t h e a an art e a n d m growth of It li , po try usic , an d e ve n tually squ e e z e to d e ath its ve ry

an a e a n d n a n a it ma b e a l gu g tio lity , y f irly assume d th at it would n o t b e without e ffe ct

o n n A n d as su m its Asiatic e ighbours . this p tio n is supporte d by t h e little k n owl e dg e

’ ’ a e a e e a avail abl e . It is prob bl th t b for D rius

n a n c a t h e e an h a d a i v sio of Atti , P rsi s lordly

n e m t h e e e But n o t e co t pt for Gr ks . v ry

’ lo n g aft e r t h e failure of Xe rxe s e xp e dition it b e came e re gul ar prac tice of t h e gre at t th n e m e e me a e n d ki g to ploy Gr k rcen ri s , a

T H E S I S A N D N I I N N 12 4 PAR HELLE C FL UE CE.

Now it is doubtful wh e th e r t his in te rn e c i n e struggle w as n o t o n e of t h e most favo urable a m e e t h a e e n e n t osph r s for e spre d of Gr k i flu c e . Gre e k provin c e s we re c o n tin u ally comin g u n de r Pe rsian rul e a n d modifyi n g Pe rsian

e ide as . O n t h e oth e r h an d Pe rsian S atrapi s we re as ofte n ove rrun by Gre e k armie s a n d e c e e e n a subj t d to W st r l ws . But

’ B ah ra m s re volt g ave t h e Gre e ks a supre me ch a n c e of whi c h w e may b e sure the y mad e

h e m T h e an n t h e e a t ost . gr dso of gr t Nus

an w as e n a e m M o dain an d hirv driv fugitiv fro , it is wo rthy of n ot e that wh e n this Asiat i c pri n c e looke d for a re fuge h e pre fe rre d t h e Cour t o f t h e Gre e k Emp e ror to t h e allian c e

t h e c an t h e T h e m e of S ythi s or Turks . E p ror

a e a e t h e a e M uric gl dly supp ort d roy l fugitiv , marrie d h im to his d aughte r an d n e ve r re st e d u n til t h e Ch o sro e s w a s o n ce more a

n a n d a am a fu it iv t he ki g B hr g e . As body

a o f t h e e a n e m e a an gu rds P rsi pr ss , thous d

e e me e n a e e e e n e d an d e n Gr k rc ri s w r list , wh t h e re c e n t in flue n ce of a n E n glish prin ce ss ’ o n t h e an t e me m e e o h e Prussi Cour is r b r d , c an co n c e ive how t h e pre w e of t his PA E S I S N D H E E "NF L E N E T H E A LL NIC U C . 12 5 gre at Gre e k lady must h ave affe c te d

e an man n e t h e Ch o sro e s w a s P rsi rs . For till ) h e r e a h e r e e a e an d t h e d th d vot d sl v , lov e s of Parviz an d Shirin are still t h e th e me of t h e

r ifie rs e e an v e s of T h r .

T h e Emp e ror Mauric e die d o n ly thirt y

e a e f e t h e a n a n a n d y rs b or Ar b i v sio , it is

n an a t h e e n me n e a sig ific t th t Gov r t of M cc ,

e n d e a e w ar n wh it cl r d , did so upo both

e at n h as a a E mpir s o c e . This lw ys b e e n re garde d a s an i n stan c e of u n e qu all e d auda c T h e e e e an a n a ity . b tt r xpl tio is prob bly

h a o n o t e e m a t e e e th t Ar bs c uld h lp th s lv s .

e n e a t h e n a n h a d in e Th y k w th t two tio s , spit of th e ir co n tin u al fightin g so much in c o m mo n a t h e e an a a n e , th t P rsi s would , g i st th ir

e a c n e a n t h e f llow Asi ti s , i vit bly j oi with

e e M e c c a e e f e an c a e e e n Gr ks . th r or , ti ip t d v ts by i n v adi n g at o n e time t h e t e rritorie s of

e a an d n a n n e P rsi Co st ti opl .

L e t us n o w re capitul ate t h e e vide n c e pro

du c e d a e n m t h e . I h v show fro history of

R me a c e e e n if e n o , with wh t for H ll ism, giv i t h e s e a n u r d . a e opport u ity , co ld p I h v T H E P A E S S A N D "N F L UE N CE 12 6 I HELLENIC . furth e r poin t e d out t h e u n rivalle d O ppo rt u n ity th at it obtai n e d in t h e latt e r d ays of t h e

c e a an m n a . a e n a e Pe rsi o rchy I h v i di t d , p rh ps

a e ac e a t h e m a e in e a r th r out of pl , th t ist k s sp k in g t h e v e rn acular committ e d b y a Parsi are

m a t h e same as tho se com itt e d by a E urop e n .

a n n o a e n mm n e c e t t h e Ag i , E st r co u ity x p Parsis h ave afte r a fe w ge n e ratio n s in t h e I n dian Pe n in sul a b e e n able to pre s e rv e

e n e n a n a Can an o n e th ir disti ctiv tio lity . y disti n guish at a glan c e a Turk from a Mo n gol or from a re side n t Pathan ? Is a M ah o me dan of fore ign d e sce n t in an y w ay to b e s e parat e d from a co n ve rt e d Hin du ?

an n an d are a e Afgh s , Mo gols , Turks lik

n an an d e a e in a M n a I di s , if r pl c d C bul , o goli or Turke st an would fe e l lost in th e ir a n c e s

a n n h an t h . O n t e e e tr l surrou di gs oth r h d , W e st e rn e r h as n e v e r faile d to pre se rve c h is n a n a T h e a e n an e e tio lity . M c do i r fus d to mix with t h e In dian populatio n an d t h e

Gre c o - B actrian coin s sh e w that a s lo n g a s

e m n a c e e n e t h e n a thos o r hi s dur d , ruli g cl ss

e ma n e e e e n e A n E n lish maii r i d pur ly H ll . g L h - in I n di a is a s much a n E n glis man a s in

E N N F E 12 8 T H E P A E S I S A N D HELL IC I L U NCE. th e y would soo n min gl e with the ir fe llow

rain s a e e c e n Z o ro ast , lthough through tw lv ( t u rie s the y have re fuse d to min gle with

h e n e n o t o n e t h e t Hi dus . Furth r , is of most n otable ch ara cte risti c s of t h e I n dia n

n a n e an me an an d his i bility to u d rst d ch ics , t h e fatal facility with whi c h h e j ams an y ? complicat e d ma chin e ry pl ace d in his h an ds

n e n n e H e Ye t t h e Parsi is a bor gi e r . works t h e mills of I n dia from Ma dras to

a n e an d t h e e n n e t h e a n C w por , gi s of co sti g

e ame m a a a a . a n st rs fro K r chi to C lcutt Ag i , although t h e D e c c an i Brahmi n s are u m doubt e dly d e ve lopin g a ce rtai n aptitude for

e n o t a e n m all e e crick t , is v rsio fro xc pt e que stria n game s a c h aracte ristic of t h e n ative ? Ye t t h e fi e lds an d maid a n s of Bomb ay are crowde d with Parsi cricke te rs

- an d t e n n is playe rs . It a pp e a rs to me that my th e ory is t h e o n ly o n e th at fits with

e e ac . T h e t h e n e t h e th s f ts Court , obl s

me an e a h ad a e e e rch ts of P rsi , ft r tw lv c e n turi e s of proximity an d in t e rc o mmu n i cat ion be c ome as He ll e n e a s t h e Gree ks ’ e m e e I t e t h t t h e w e th s lv s . is possibl a e lo r S S A N D THE PAR I HELLENIC INFLUENCE. 12 9

a e e e n o t e e affe t e cl ss s w r so d ply c d , just as in a - da e e e t h e Russi to y wh r , whil Sla v a a h as e me u e an ristocr cy b co thoroughly E rop , t h e Moujik h as n o t y e t altoge the r thrown m o ff t h e a . t h e a e t h e e E st For ss s , r lapse to an orie n tal life an d re ligio n w as n o

a e B ut all a w as gre t st p . th t brighte st

’ an d most highly bre d in t h e gre at kin g s

m n n fle d t h e m n a n e e do i io s , to ou t i ous d s rts

a an e e e e m of Khor s wh r th y hop d , fro its in a cce ssibility an d the ir o w n pro fe s

n a e a e t h e n sio s of loy lty , to sc p pollutio of

f‘ t h e b arb arian j No doubt t h e maj ority h ad e e in e e n n e e Gr k blood th ir v i s, i h rit d

m n an fa e e an fro Cori thi vourit s , or A toli me c e n a e an d e m t h e e t h e r ri s , to th rul of Arab s avage must have be e n doubly

a n e e a e an t odious . For hu dr d y rs th ir dist

me a e e m m n e e e n e ho s v d th fro i t rf r c , but

’ h e a e n e a at last t Ar b p tr te d e ve n th e re . Th e n t h e elite of t h e e xile d commun ity sought

a re fu e o n t h e e an an d ame n a . g oc , c to I di The re the ir He lle n ic ide as pre ve n t e d th e m

’ from sin ki n g in to o n e of t h e subme rge d 130 S S A N D I THE PAR I HELLEN C INFLUENCE.

a e e e m m e ve n e ea n cl ss s , k pt th fro prop rly l r

” in t h e an a e t h e e n n a an d g l gu g s of P i sul , thus w e h ave t h e mod e rn Parsi skilful at me ch a n e a e t h e e e e e t h e art ific e rs ics , b c us Gr ks w r

h e man m e a e t e a e all of t Ro E pir , thl ic b c us

a e m m a n n athle tics d t fro Oly pi , u willi g to

u z e rat i e n o t t h e b ar l e arn G , for do s word

’ b arian itse lf show t h e He lle n e s co n te mpt for

all to n gue s save th at spoke n in his o w n

dimi n utive cou n try If my co n c lusion s b e

e n e t h e m e n a t h e corre ct , th sur ly od r P rsi is most fasci n atin g proof of t h e stre n gth o f that H e ll e n ism which for twe n ty-thre e

c e n turie s h a s so large ly i n flu e n c e d t h e growth

of mode rn Europ e . He re is an E aste r n

n e e n e a n d w e e n atio , w st r is d through t lv

e e e t e n n o n c n a c e n turi s k pt w s r , u til o t ct with t h e E n glish it throws off t h e fe w p articl e s of orie n t al i n flue n c e th at duri n g tha t p e riod h as

e e an d n o w at a t an fe v e ale d a dh r d to it , l st s ds

man n e m de e e by its thoughts , rs , o of sp ch

‘ a n d ide als as a w e ste rn n ation livi n g in t h e

a v e ry h e art of Asi .

THE M STORY O F HARPAL A K W A NA .

T H E H E R O O F JH A L A W A D .

T h e s a a Makw an a t h e e o n tory of H rp l , p y

m e Jh ala wad h as a e a e e n ous h ro of , lr dy b

l in t h e R a s a a an d at e a e e n to d M l , gr t r l gth

‘ ’ a an b h e by t h e author of K r G e lo . But t

a e o n e a in m O n n b e a t l is th t , y pi io , will r

re e n e e a as a e n a e t lli g , sp ci lly I h v fortu t ly s e c ure d a ball ad which e ith e r e scap e d t h e

n h n e e a d . Na n a s an ke r otic of Mr . Forb s Mr d , o r be cause of an an achro n ism w as re je cte d

Ye t a n by th e m . if c re fully scruti ize d it e n abl e s t h e r e ade r to fix t h e e xac t time

’ an d H ar al s e a spot of p d th .

Harpal Makw an a w as t h e gran dson o f

n Vah i as K aran t i adh in t Ki y of Cu ch . g ) g Wh e n t h e old kin g w as n igh to de ath h e

a e e n h im e a n g th r d rou d his r l tio s , who , ’ an n b e e a e a e n st di g y his b dsid , w it d p ti tly

a m a n e e a e th t his soul ig ht obt i r l s . But Kin g

a a e n a e I w as an u m Y hiy s , lik Ki g Ch rl s I , M A 1 34 S TOR Y O F HARPAL K W A N A .

a- n c on scio n able time dyi g . At last his s o n Ke sar aske d wh at trouble d his fath e r

n a a a n e e that h e di e d n o t . Ki g Y hiy s sw r d th at Kin g Hamir of S amaya w as his bitt e r

e n e m an d a n e me n e m e y , th t , u l ss so o pro is d

’ h im that h e would from Kin g H amir s s t a

e a 12 5 e e a n o t me ble s st l hors s , d th would co

a n e e a m e to Ki n g Yahiy s . Pri c K s r pro is d

f n n a n d e e t h e n . e li l ft dyi g Ki g Wh , how

e e t h e n e ame m se v r , pri c c to fulfil his pro i

f e . n h i di fi c ultie s aros No o e would follow m . “ as t h e e a e e n o But , prov rb s ys , Th r is

’ e n e n e o w n e n an d n o str gth , lik o s str gth ” a e e a n a e in e e a w t r lik r i w t r . So Pr c K s r

a e e e an a e S amai a an d g th r d his s rv ts , r id d y

a r a n carrie d b ck t h e ho se s . This d zzli g

e w as e e t h e e n n n succ ss , how v r, b gi i g of his

e n e h misfortu n e s . For t or twe lv ye ars e did

’ n othin g but h arry his powe rful n e ighbour s

’ n e c am . e ve e e in cou try Hors s , ls , wi s w r

n in um K aran t i adh tur brought tri ph to g .

At l ast Kin g Hamir se n t a h e rald c an d aske d

e m n e a n a for t r s . But Ki g K s r o ly s id “ me an d n am o b e c t e d Co fight . Ki g H ir j L that h e c o u fd c n o t in so b arre n a l an d sup

S T O F I lI A K W A N A 1 36 OR Y HARPAL .

a an ma e e n e a s t h e c o n P t , d full quiri s to

a n d e n t h e e n an d c o n si duct id tity of g ii ,

Gr d e rin g th at if h e could but c ast it o u t h e b e c e a n a a e me would rt i of cordi l w lco ,

e e a took me a sure s to do so . It is h r th t — m a a a e e e a a y b ll d , or r th r s ri s of b ll ds for t h e po e m c o n sists of se ve ral p arts by

ffe e n an d — e n d f e in me di r t h s b gi s . It i f rs so me asure from t h e story a s give n in t h e

‘ ’ a an b e e e a a e n t h e K r G lo . Th r H rp l w t to burn in g groun d me re ly to te st t h e e fficac y o f e n a m I n m e m his xorcisi g ch r s . y po his

e t s n o t e n e e e h e obj c i giv , but whil th r me t t h e e a an a e n an godd ss Sh kti , tt d t of

A mb ab h av a n i a e a e ame , who ft rw rds b c his

d w a h e n h is e an s t e n e . wif , fou d r of fortu s S h e h ad b e e n se archi n g t h e e arth for a

a e an e n h ad n o t suit bl husb d , but till th

foun d an yo n e to satisfy h e r difficult taste .

“ But h e re I sh all le t t h e po e t t e ll his tal e

t h e me m m an a n through diu of y tr sl tio .

’ H e c ame wh ere Patau s templ e bell

tr e o a r s s th a n S ik s l ud c o e pl i . A maid wh e n wate rin g at th e we ll

ss n f n s fe Mi i g h e r o o ti g in ward ll . S F R M A K W A N A TOR Y O HA PAL . 137

T h e a n c o w b u t ai e a o g pi g r d w l d l ud , ’ Tho ug h shrill th e maide n s o utcries rang ;

en a a to t h e w ate s an Th H rp l r pr g ,

A n d ew h e r fo t a a n dr r h g i . T h e Rajput th o ug ht that de em h e s hould F o r future fame t h e o me n g o o d Within t h e Pat an g ate s h e s t o o d

L as e ft f all h is an t l o b d .

H is o e s e re h is c o u a e o e h p w hig h , r g wh l ; ’ H e le arn t an evil Nag ar s s o ul ’ F o r K are n s s in s h ad t ake n as to ll

T h e e n Gu arl n que o f j a d. ’ Makw an a s fi ery s pirit burn e d F o r fame an d h o n o urs hardly e arn e d I n c h arms an d mantras d e e ply le arn e d ) H e s o u h t h e n n o n g t bur i g g r u d . ’ ’ * was A sh o s ast and a e st n t T l d rk ig h ,

T h e o s s s h e ed o un th e a n W t g h t ri k r d d ri g ig h , A n d t h oug h fro m ch ildho o d train e d t o fig ht

H s d e hud e re d at th e s o und .

T w o s e n e at h is a ms h e o u t kid b h r br g h ,

h e t o at h is o s e da e s o t T ir hr s p li h d g g r ug h , A nd as o f o ld th e wizard s taug ht

H e l t h e o f e t bl o d flo w re e . Then s aw be fo re h is wo n derin g e ye s T h e g o dde s s Shakti s l o w ly ris e

A n d s ft la th e ac c e wi ly p s rifi .

’ T h e real date w as the K ali Ch au dish (the I ndian A ll H all o w s e v i A V d 14 n o t A o Vad 15 .e o a e) , . , sh sh . S O F M A K I VA NA 138 TOR Y HARPAL .

’ T o s lake th e De vi s rag ing thirs t ’ T h e victims bl o o d h e o ffe re d first S h e c rave d fo r more an d came more n ig h

H e n e t h e a e t h plu g d bl d wi hin is thig h . A n d whe re th e re d blo o d S poute d hig h

r n a e e D a k Sh kti g r dily. ’ The n g lad s h e bl e ss e d th e Rajput s que s t ’ A n d crie d with p as sio n s fire p o s s ess e d Be h e b ut pro ve d by o n e mo re te st ” an h e sh a e My husb d ll b .

T h e E n glish re ad e r will probably co n sid e r

’ t h e e a e as e as e po t s t l j rky Mr . Alfr d

’ n e e n h e m e me m Ji gl s sp e e ch . But th ust r b e r that t h e Charan addre sse d his son g to an audie n ce who k n e w from childhood e ve ry

n e n in t h e w as n n e e a i cid t story . It u c ss ry to te ll the m th a t t h e ge n ii h ad push e d i n to t h e we ll t h e re scu e d maide n or who

a w as T h e n w as e Sh kti . ight short . Oth r

Ch aran s e e a n n e n w r w iti g to si g th ir so g s , so j ust as M ark Twai n h ad to “sacrifice

’ t h e n a e for Ki g of Prussi s whisk rs, his

’ a e e a e e t h e a a a n n e t h e M j sty s p ul tt s , b rd b do d min or d e tails that h e might g e t o n with

T h e n e i ‘ t e his story . e s co d t st of wh ch h godd e ss spo k e is re lat e d in t h e se c qn d

l N A K W A A . 140 S TOR Y O F H ARP AL - l

village s as h e c ould in a sin gl e n ight

d e corate with garl an ds . Kin g Karan thought of t h e b ad roads an d t h e dista n c e be twe e n

m n n t h e a e an d a e e . n e vill g s , gr d But xt or i g h e w as horrifie d to l e arn that be twe e n 9

1n a d 4 m a w h e aid o . n a . a t f p . H rp l , ith

a an d t h e n o w n e e e n h ad Sh kti co qu r d g ii , d e corate d t h e town o f Pat di an d

t e a e e n e e e o h r vill g s . Fiv hu dr d of th s Harp al w as in duc e d by K au laran i to

e h n e b u t fte e n n e e e a e . r stor , fi hu dr d r t i d

T h e e n e e e an b e n e a an g ii , how v r , b g to u pl s t ,

a d i n . t thre at e n e d to e a t up Harp al un l e ss

h e a a g ve it some work t o do . But Sh kti

w as t o o man A t h e r n y for it . sugge stio Harpal dire cte d it to fix in t h e grou n d a bamboo pol e a n d climb up an d down it — to all e te rn it y an d th e n come for furth e r

de or rs . What t h e ge n ii said h as n o t b e e n

’ e e ma a me a n r cord d , but it y b e ssu d th t i to it s fe e n t e n e e li gs disgus t r e d larg ly . T “ h e n Kin g Ka ran lVag h e la w as in 12 9 7 A D . . e n A a n m a a driv by l uddi fro Guj r t ,

a a in e e n e ‘ Pat an H rp l first fought d f c of c , 0 a n d th e n fe ll back o n h is fie f of Pat di A K W A N A S TOR Y O F HARPAL M . 14 1

’ n o w ak a an e h e which , doubt ith Sh ti s ssist c , su c ce ssfully de fe n d e d again st t h e Mah o me

n Pat di e e n an d a a e d a s . At thr so s d ught r

da e n e e e e n . O n e e w e r bor y , wh th ir liv s w r

e n an e e a mad e e an a d g r d by l ph t , Sh kti stre tch e d out h e r han d a n d se izi n g the m

e e m n e t h e a a e m a dr w th i sid p l c . Fro th t day forth t h e boys w e re k n own as Jh ala ‘ ’ a m h alv u n t h e a a e R jputs fro J , Guj r ti v rb

‘ ’ me e e A n d m e m h an in g to si z . fro th as E ast e rn K at h iaw ad d e rive d t h e n ame of

Jh alaw ad—t h e a - an t h e J a a w ll girt l d of h l s . But h e re again I will le t t h e po e t t e ll

o n his w tale .

T e e e e Patdl s o e s s o ar h y liv d wh r t w r , I n h appy w e dlo c k children fo ur

e e o s a r —th e o e s Thr b y , g i l g dd s b o re ’ n U to h e r b o s o m s lo rd .

T h e n c e s o n a Ma s ur da pri g y , Wit h Mulu Ch aran w e n t to play Swe e t tale s h e t o ld th e m by th e w ay ’ O f R am an d Rama s s o w rd .

A n e e an t Ga a n ame l ph , jr i by , With winte r lust h is he art aflame H ad burst h is c hains and furious c ame

W t u he re s o o d t h e p alac e ward . S O F P M A K W A N 1 4 2 TOR Y HAR AL A .

I n vain alike w as flig ht o r strife

I n vain th e se nt rie s g ave t h e ir fe ; (li ’ T h e mo n ste r s h ate an d s t re n g th an d we ig ht

n o rs e an a Bo re do w bo th h d m n .

T h e l ads s till lin g ere d in th e s tre et .

’ They h e ard th e Ch aran s fablin g swe e t ’ Th ey he e de d n ot Gajraj s fe et

T hat t hun dered as h e ran .

’ e n H ar al s e a t w t an e n e Th p h r i h g r bur d , H e dre w h is swo rd an d swiftly turn e d O n e mo me nt mo re th e b rute h ad spurne d

r c an d t e s e T h e p in e s h ir ir . But o n h is s wo rd arm Sh akti l aid ’ H er an and H ar al s o n s t a e h d , p g i g y d Sh all I at o n c e h e c hildl es s made A nd wido we d mo un t th e pyre

S h e u t h e r arm th e case me n t o u h p t hr g , H e r arm it g re w an d g rew an d g rew Un til h er s o n s sh e s afe ly dre w

t n th e a ac e o o m Wi hi p l r .

Bu t t o th e t o n th e o n e s ea hr ug h w w d r pr d , O n e g o s sip t o ano ther s aid Did Harpal then a g o dde s s w ed ?

’ A n d t u s c ame H ar al s o o m h p d . O n e mo rn th e g o dde s s Sh ak ti sp o ke ’ They C78 l e arn e d my t al e th e se city fo lk ;

T h e o n e t w e e n u s n o w is r b d b b ok e .

S O F illA lf lf/A N A 144 TOR Y HARPAL .

e fo t so a th e o o s o o e Th y ug h h rd , bl d fl w d ’ Go d s thro n e became u nsteady

S o S idh ra u to a al ro e j p H rp d ,

Makw an a o make e a . , b ld , r dy

’ Yo u ll ride t o K h ambhat in t wo days My wo rd g o e s n o t un he eded ‘ ’ A n d s t o th e t B a e a a s a s p fig h . r v H rp l y ’ T w o a s are h a n e d y rdly e de d .

T h e s e s e an t h e s o s e a e d hi ld th y r g , w rd th y pl y T h e woun ds as s wift ly fo llo w e d ’ A n d s uc h as me t bo ld H arpal s blade

I n s t an d o e s o o n a o e du g r w ll w d .

A t las t h e fo ug h t th e Turks alo n e By e veryo n e fo rs ake n

F o r all h is w ar o s o ne o n e ri r by ,

e e w o n e e o r t a e n W r u d d , kill d k .

H e sent a s o w ar for h e l p t o call K n S iddh ra e e o u s e e n P i g j, w r y l pi g ’ I t ne ve r came an d H arpals fall

ent K s h at r do m a ee n S i w pi g .

’ T h e first criticism th at su g g e st s it se lf th at Harp al M akw an a live d n e arly two

n e e a a e n S iddh ra . hu dr d y rs ft r Ki g j ‘ But

n b e a n e e as this is , I thi k , to sw r d follows

—T h e e a n o r an and e writ r is cl rly histo i ,

n re c drdin a t radit io n e t h at h e do e is o ly g o s S O F M A K W A N A TOR Y HARPAL . 14 5 n o f n e a H t ully u d rst n d . e k n e w th at Harp al w as a con te mporary o f Ki n g Karan

W a h e la an d h e c n n e t h e la e g , o fou d d tt r

e a e e e n a an with his gr t pr d c ssor, Ki g K r

h e a n n Solan ki . T Ch ra also k e w that

’ a a e n K aran s a an d h e H rp l outliv d Ki g f ll ,

’ there fore d e scribe d H arpal s de a t h as occur

n in t h e e n n S iddh ra a an ri g r ig of Ki g j, K r

’ S o lan ki s e a w as t h e succ ssor . But wh t

a e in Mah o me dan s n an d b ttl which , Hi dus Parsis all took part ? So far a s I kn ow

e e n o n e in an d a e th r is o ly history , th t corr s

’ po n ds with t h e probable d ate o f H arpals

e a ma b e e me n o t d th , who , it y pr su d , did

’ n a a e o n e n lo g survive Sh kti s de p rtur . If tur s ’ “ ” M e n an t s e de s a a e 2 0 to Histoir P rsis , p g , o n e l e arn s that s e ve n y e ars aft e r t h e

a u e a an n u e an c pt r of P t , its co q ror Alif Kh c arrie d his victorious arms as far south as ” an a I n a h e e t h e S j n . his d e sp ir t rul r of

n a me e ffe e n a an tow , for r f o of Ki g K r ,

" c alle d to his h e lp t h e Parsis of Guj arat

an d am a h e h m n e C b y . As did so e re i d d th e m of t h e sh e lte r g ive n the m 5 00 y e ars b e fore at this ve ry S anj an by 10 v S O F H A R P /I L MA K W A N 146 TOR Y A .

n n Van ra a a a . T h e a J di R (Ki g j) P rsis , t o

e e e n a e n e n o th ir t r l glory, r spo d d obly t t h e

a an d t e m u ride r a c ll , of h , le ade r

e a e t h e e s e e . Ard shir, tri d to r is i g Th e y

an d e e a m n faile d p rish d to a . No w in t h e poe m t h e sce n e of t h e battl e is K h amb at

’ an d n o n (Camb ay) t S a j an . But A lif Kh an s e e n s e t n e am a an xp ditio forth to co qu r C b y , d

n n e n a e e e r e o ly i cid t lly proc d d fu th r south .

T h e a e ame e P rsi forc , too , c chi fly from

’ am a an d t h e e e C b y , thus po t s rror is quite

a e is a n c e a e e xcus bl . It lso oti bl that though i at first t h e thre e p artie s se e m to hav e

a e e n e e e t h e e n ul foug ht thr cor r d du l , p timat e ve rse shows t h at it w as t h e Turks (t h e vulgar n ame for all ki n ds of Mah o me

’ w e e H ar a s e n e m e T h d an s) who r p l i s . e

a an d n e e e e e a e P rsis Hi dus w r th r for lli s ,

' an d I do n o t thin k that w e shall b e

’ wro n g in conj e cturin g th at Sh akti s husban d s e t out with t h e re li e vin g army of which

’ A rde sh ir s e c e w as t h e n e h roi forc ucl us , an d th at b e n e ath t h e walls of t h e doome d city w h e relt h e Mle c c h a de ad lay thicke st

15 2 ENVOI.

’ Boo k y o ur kit fo r Balach edi mid th e lo ne Jam n a ar e a - an s g d d l d ,

e e fo n e a e th e o e an d te e Wh r ur hu dr d y rds divid h l , Where acro s s t h e sile nt lan ds c ape shimmer ’ t c s s an e ad-lan Cu h di t t h ds ,

A n d a o l e n o e t o n th s e a g d g l ry r s s up e .

’ H as your he art n e er thro bbed t o bre aking while th e s oun der quits th e co ver

’ A n d yo u strive to s o lve t h e riddle where th ey ll make While your mare stan ds like a st at ue till th e e a e - s is o e squ k r ru h v r, F o r sh e kn o w s t h e b o ar is lu rkin g in th e brak e ?

N0 - en s o o n as o u are a e r e U e a o n Th y bl , w it pl t y o ur lab e L

Bring s ome t rustv se aso n e d hunter that y o u n o k w,

’ F o r th e b o ar will rac e an d be n d h im and y ou ll ave t o s e ar an d en d h im h p ,

E r e h is tush e s o n yo ur t abl e yo u may sh o w .

Wo u ld y o u k n o w t h e e n dle s s g allo p till t h e te c is o un e whi bu k surr d d , Or th e g rey wo lf strug g le s sile n t o ny o ur s pe ar ? W o uld y o u kn o w t h e jo y unrivall e d whe n th e e u s ta e s o n e blu b ll g g r w u d d , A s t h e blade is throug h h is b arre l d riven she er N E Vo l . 1 53

Go to a wan o t o u a e e t h e a n W dh , g Ch d , wh r pl i

r s o n n e n n oll u di g ,

e e th e e s u n n m e e z Wh r , h rd u b r d g ra e up o n th e

n li g , Whe re a Wale r mare wh o s e rider ho ld s a sp e ar o n s t a t e s e h er p i t r ig h b id ,

I s th e e ua ro ved o f an in t n q l p y liv g hi g .

Wo uld y o u s e rve amo n g a pe o ple w h o will le arn t o e an d n o w o u lik k y ,

Wh o m y o u in t urn will l o ve an d un de rs t an d

Whe re a Talukdar o n h o rs e bac k still a tric k o r t w o c an s h o w y o u

T h e kin dly l o yal c hiefs o f K ath ilan d ?

Th e n make suitable p e titio n t o th e Sirkar th at the y s e n d yo u

T o t s an o f e fo e st an d o f e hi l d riv r, r fi ld , A nd wh en y o u are g azett e d pray Parme sh v ar that h e l e n d y o u

T h e s t o make it s e a e s s t an e e a ed ig h t b uti d r v l .

J Ye s K ath ilan d I o e o u t fro m Bavli t o , l v y , rig h Po rb u n r de ,

U d ) n e an s o rt o f as e c t an s es . r y p , y ki

Tho ug h be s t lo ve d by th e o c e an where th e le ag u e -l o ng ro lle rs thu n der ’ i A n d th e o a e s fitful fo un a ns im ise bl w wh l t d ly r . ] 15 4 ENV0 .

I s a o e o u s ti e e afte o th e h ll l v y ll h r r , thr ug h e a s t at are t o fo o y r h ll w, ’ A n d w h e re s o e e r my s t a o n b e a s i n e ti s g d , Whe re th e May mist s hide th e hill t o p s o r th e

J n e s u n s th e o o u g rip h ll w, Whe re th e I n du s ro ars at flo o d time o r th e th atche d e ave s ho us e th e swall o w

Ye t m e a t th in o u e s ou w i fin d y h r wi y r bord r y ll .

I s hall s e e th e pintail pre e n ing in th e poo ls alo ng th e B a e r h d , I sh all h e ar t h e p artridg e c allin g fro m th e whe at ? I s h all se e th e wide Nal do tte d w it h th e w ild u c an d th e a e d k w d r, A s th e re e d-raft b e ars th e g un n er t o th e be at I shall s e e t h e pig b re ak c o ver fro m t h e g ras s c m an d th e t c e t lu p hi k , th e e c o n th e a I s hall s e e littl hin k up Dh r.

’ ’ A nd by Jo ve " I llwire for short leave and I llbuy

a wee -end ticket k ,

’ A nd I ll ta ke tlze F riday train to K athiawar

UN I VE R S I T Y O F C A L I F O R N I A L I BR A R Y

L o s A ng e les

t h T h is b o o k is D UE o n e last da t e st amp e d bel o w .

F o r m L Q—S e r i e s 4 9 3 9