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Digest of the 1951 Census Report for Bombay, Saurashtra and Kutch CORRIGENDUM• Page

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Digest of the 1951 Census Report for Bombay, Saurashtra and Kutch CORRIGENDUM• Page , CENSUS OF INDIA, 1951 DIGEST· , ';' t OF , I' , THE 1951 CENSUS ~EPO*T · ' " I FOR . '~ , ' BOMBAY, SAURASHTM :AND KUT<;H I B11 ! J. B. BOWMAN, / I of the Indian Civil Service, Superintendent of Census Op~ratior1s for Bombay, Saurashtra anI Kutch I ' , \ \ \ . .1 BOMBAY, SAURASHTRA AND KUTCH STATE S shOW'?1 Di511'icl and Ta/uka 6olJf1"~" N Ld 20 4Q 60 80 I(ty TO MAP I!IUAL NAME OF DISTRICT NUMB! R 1 GIUATE'" BO/'fSAY 2 8AIIASI<AIITHA SA8ARI(AN1HA + I1tHSANA 5 AHf1£OABAD XAIRA PANCH /lAHAlS BARODA BROICH 10 'IIRA T II ANRELI 12 WE ST KHANDESH EA ST I(HAIIDESH •• DANOS ••15 NA SI/( 15 THANA AHf1fDNAGAR II U KOlABA POOIVA 17 17 RMNAGIRI SATARA NORTH II 11 KANARA SATARA 50117H 13 H HALAR I<OlHAPUR 2· 3D MADHYA SAURASHTRA SHOLAPI)R 11 ,I ZALA WI-D 21 8{[GAUIf 31 (i OHIL WAD n B/JAPUR '5 SORAUI 14 OHARWAR 3' KUTCH (j. pr .f' POONA , I,S) +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++t++++++++++++++t++++++++++ CONTENTS +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++t+++t+++++++++++++++++++ PAGE CHAPTER I-General Population ." 1 CHAPTER II-Rural Population ... ... 7 \ CHAPTER nI-Urban Population 12 CHAPTER IV-Agricultural Classes 1~ I CHAPTER V-Non·Agricultural Classes ." 26 CHAPTER VI-Families, Sexes and Principal Age Groups 31 ... ~ ~ . , CHAPTER VII-Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other "Backward Classes 35 CHAPTER VIII-Displaced Persons .. , 37 CHAPTER IX-Literacy tit " . 38 ,,, CHAPTER X-Languago ... '" 39 CHAPTER XI-Reljgion " , ,II , .. 40 MAPS Map showing District and Taluka boundaries " Fronti8piece Map showing Density of Population .1 •• ... facing page 2 Digest of the 1951 Census Report for Bombay, Saurashtra and Kutch CORRIGENDUM• Page. Column. Line. For Read 27 :7. 20 being self·stlPporting being self-supporting persons with a persons without a secondary sec()n~ary A Bk Ye 1 Many busy people will lack the time to read the Census Report. For their benefit this summary has been prepared, CHAPTER I ++++++++++++++++++++++++++t+++++++++++++++++++++++t++++++++++++t+++tt+ GENERAL POPULATION +++t++++'++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++t+++ttttttt+tt+ttttttttt SECTION 1 I PRELIMINARY REMARKS During the decade 1941-51 the population of State of Kutch was taken over by the Govern­ Bombay State as at present constituted increas­ ment of India in June 1948. '. ed by 23·2 per cent, that of Saurashtra by 16·2 Among the States of the Indian Union per cent and that of Kutch by 11·8 per cent. Bombay with a 1951 population of 35,956,150 Extensive territorial changes took place during and an area of 111,434 square miles was the the past decade. 176 of the former Indian fourth most POPwous and the fifth largest in States were merged in Bombay in 1948-49. area. None of the Part A'States recorded such Saurashtra was formed when the 202 States of a heavy increase in population as Bombay the Kathiawar peninsula covenanted into a new during the past decade. Union of States. The administration of the SECTION 2 GENERAL DISTRmUTION AND DENSffY It has been customary to examine the census Mahals, Baroda, Broach, Surat, and Amreli, . data with reference to what are called "natural having a combined population of 11,396,789 divisions" into which districts with roughly and an area of 33,136 square miles. The nve similar characteristics were grouped. districts of Saurashtra State, which constituted There were seven natural divisions in Bombay, a separate natural division, were RaJar, Madhya Saurashtra and Kutch at the 1951 census. The Saurashtra, Zalawad, Gohilwad and Sorath, Deccan Northern Division comprised the having a total population of 4,137,359 and an districts of West Khandesh, East Khandesh, area of 21,451 square miles. The State of Dangs, Nasik, Ahmednagar, Poona, Satara Kutch, with a population of 567,606, and an North, Satara South, Kolhapur, and Sholapur, area of 16,724 square miles, also constituted with a combined population of 12,364,735, and a separate natural division. Greater Bombay, an area of 45,155 square miles. The Deccan with a population of 2,839,270 and -an area of Southern Division comprised the three districts of Belgaum, Bijapur and Dharwar, with 111 square miles, was a separate natural divi­ a combined population of 4,698,479 and an area sion and an exclusively urban area. The of 17,430 square miles. The Cujarat Division, natural division of the Konkan consisted of the like the Deccan Northern Division, comprised four districts of Thana, Kolaba, Ratnagiri and ten districts. They were Banaskantha, Sabar­ Kanara, having a population of 4,656,877 and kantha, Mehsana, Ahmedabad, Kaira, Panch an area of 15,602 square miles. A (Bk) Yc 1-1 GENERAL POPULATION The density of the area that now forms mile. In the 25·24 square miles that formed Bombay State was 201 persons to the square Bombay City before the 'extension of its mile in 1921, 227 in 1931, 262 in 1941 and 323 boundaries during the decade the density was in 1951. The density of Saurashtra was 119 92,275. in 1921 and 193 in 1951. Kutch recorded a more modest rise from 29 in 1921 to 34 in 1951. Forest areas in Dangs and Kanara reduced Within the State of Bombay in 1951 the density the densities of these districts to 72 and 130. of Gujarat was 344, of the Konkan 298, of the Kaira district had a density of 634 and Kolha­ Deccan Northern Division 274, and of the pur of 445. A fertile soil and, in Kolha­ Deccan Southern Division 270. Greater Bombay pur, a fairly assured rainfall, accounted for had a density of 25,579 persons to the square these high densities. SECTION 3 GROWTH Increase in population is determined only by highest increase ever recorded. Substantial three factors-births, deaths, and migration. increases in population were the rule. ihe India's population growth in modern times has eight districts of Greater Bombay, Thana, not been exceptional but close to average. The Poona, Ahmedabad, Banaskantha, Nasik, Ahmed­ population of Bombay State increased by 55 per nagar, and West Khandesh increased by more cent between 1872 and 1941, as against 120 per than 25 per cent, and only the five districts of cent in Japan, and 23 per cent in the U. S. A. Ratnagiri, Broach, East Khandesh, Kolaba and The growth of population in India exhibited Amreli recorded increases of less than 15 per marked Huctuations from decade to decade cent. Greater Bombay recorded a spectacular until 1921, due principally to the great famine increase from 1,695,168 in 1941 to 2,839,270 in of 1899 and the inHuenza epidemic of 1918-19. 1951. Banaskantha's unusual increase was Since 1921, however, Bombay not only shared largely due to the famine migrants of 1940 the increases at successive censuses, ,but record­ returning to their homes. Thana district, which ed increases above the aver~e for the country adjoins Greater Bombay, developed consider­ as a whole. - ably during the decade. Displaced persons from Pakistan were settled in the new township The population of Bombay, Saurashtra and of Ulhasnagar in that district. Even Kanara Kut.ch---increased by 60 per cent between 1921 district, where the 1941 population was less than and 1951. The experience of districts varied. tbe 1901 population, had a 17·4 per cent At one extreme Greater Bombay increased by increase during the decade. DDT spraying 119 per cent, Ahmedabad by 98 per cent, revived the area where population had been in Ahmednagar and Dangs by 96 per cent, Thana decline because of malaria. by 80 per cent, and Poona by 77 per cent. At the other extreme Kutch increased by only 409,882 displaced persons from Pakistan were . 17 per cent, Ratnagiri by 26 per cent, Kananl found in Bombay, Saurashtra and Kutch at the by 29 per cent and Kolaba by 34 per cent. census. It is clear that they were not the Greater Bombay, Ahmedabad, Thana and Poona major factor responsible for the increase in popu­ attracted migrants, while Kutch, Ratnagiri, lation during the decade. Kanara and Kolaba are emigrant districts. The spreading of the census enumeration During 1921-31 when the population of over as long a period as three weeks in 1951 Bombay State increased by 12·9 per cent, probably reduced the amount of under-enumera­ Greater Bombay increased by only O· 6 per cent. tion by comparison with previous censuses. The slump in trade caused workers to return Despite the longer enumeration period there is to their homes in the districts, and there was no evidencel of people being erroneously counted some under-enumeration at the census of twice in 1951. A sample verification carried Bombay City in that year. During 1931-41 the out by magistrates shortly after the census, and population of Bombay State increased by 15·6 another independent check by the Bureau of per cent, Greater Bombay increasing by 30-1 Economics and Statistics of the Bombay Govern­ per cent. During 1941-51 the population of ment, suggested that the head count was accurate Bombay State increased by 23·2 per cent, the within 1 per cent. BOMBAY, SAURASHTRA AND KU TCH STATES t1ap Sh()/JJi!~ lJensify oj' populini'on <50 ~o -/00 /00-200 200-300 300-450 450-[;50 >650 o 20 40 80 80 PERSONS PEP S~. HllE MILES t;,P.l. P POONA ,1953 GENERAL POPULATION s SECTION 4 MOVEMENT Information about migration is derived mainly the movement of people was fairly. small. from the birthplace question at the census. 86·2 per cent of the population of Bombay, This is not an entirely accurate measure of the Saurashtra and Kutch in 1951 were enumerated extent of migration as a person's place of birth in the districts of their birth while fifty years may be unrelated to normal residence.
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