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Proposed New Directions to Advance Population Protection System in the Czech Republic

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Proposed New Directions to Advance Population Protection System in the Czech Republic PROPOSED NEW DIRECTIONS TO ADVANCE POPULATION PROTECTION SYSTEM IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Population protection system Population protection Role of citizens measures 2020 Grant agreement no. 808786 Project duration 12 months (01/09/2019 – 31/08/2020) Dissemination level Public Status Final Annotation The project will focus on assessing the needs for preventive measures, on fostering a culture of prevention and on improving cooperation within the population protection system in the Czech Republic. The project will result in a comprehensive analytical study surveying the current Czech national system and reviewing examples of good practice from other European countries. The project will also aim to develop a draft of the new Czech legislation on disaster risk management. Keywords Population protection system; Population protection measures; Role of citizens in the system Number of pages 151 Number of attachments 1 Contact [email protected] [email protected] The project “Proposed new directions to advance population protection system in the Czech Republic” is co-funded by the European Commission Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (DG ECHO) within the framework of the Union Civil Protection Mechanism (UCPM) under the ECHO/SUB/2019/TRACK1 Call (Assistance to Member States for the preparation and implementation of disaster risk management actions – Track 1). The opinions expressed in this document reflect only the author’s view and in no way reflect the European Commission’s opinions. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. 2 | Page TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 4 2 STUDY GOALS AND FOCUS ......................................................................................................... 6 3 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................................... 7 4 POPULATION PROTECTION SYSTEM IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC ................................................. 10 4.1 SYSTEM HISTORY AND ITS BASIC CHARACTERISTICS .......................................................................... 10 4.2 ATTEMPTS TO ADOPT DEDICATED LEGISLATION .............................................................................. 17 4.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM ACCORDING TO COMPARATIVE INDICATORS ............................................ 19 5 POPULATION PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN SELECTED COUNTRIES ............................................... 43 5.1 CROATIA .............................................................................................................................. 44 5.2 DENMARK ............................................................................................................................ 53 5.3 ESTONIA .............................................................................................................................. 61 5.4 FRANCE ............................................................................................................................... 71 5.5 GERMANY ............................................................................................................................ 78 5.6 ITALY .................................................................................................................................. 85 5.7 LATVIA ................................................................................................................................ 92 5.8 LITHUANIA .......................................................................................................................... 103 5.9 NORWAY ............................................................................................................................ 108 5.10 SLOVENIA .......................................................................................................................... 111 5.11 SWEDEN ........................................................................................................................... 119 5.12 UNITED KINGDOM ............................................................................................................... 125 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE CZECH REPUBLIC .................................... 132 6.1 CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................................... 132 6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE CZECH REPUBLIC ............................................................................ 139 ANNEX SECTION ........................................................................................................................ 144 3 | Page 1 INTRODUCTION Increasingly interconnected threats and the associated risks directly or indirectly affect the system of population protection and call for an ongoing development of the capabilities of security systems’ constituent elements. Potential threats can spill over with multiplying effects on the protected interests of the society. As part of systematic implementation of the policy for prevention of emergency events and crisis situations, a logical requirement arises to define new directions for developing population protection. Today, the issue of population protection is broadly enshrined in public international law through conventions constituting the international humanitarian law. Population protection structures are established around the world and focus on a wide array of threats. In addition, development of population protection systems is also supported through international efforts. These include, for example, activities of the United Nations (UNDRR – Office for Disaster Risk Reduction), of the European Union (DG-ECHO – European Commission Directorate- General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations), NATO (CEPC – Civil Emergency Planning Committee), etc. In the Czech Republic, the current understanding of the role and purpose of population protection is the outcome of extensive changes in the overall security environment and in the European security architecture. The original focus on armed conflicts was gradually confronted with different trends resulting from the transformation of socio-political conditions. Due to the changes in the probability of some of the threats – in particular military threats, which, although not completely absent, were pushed out of the centre of attention – focus was placed on threats that had not been directly linked to external security earlier. However, the reality of the second decade of the 21st century calls for a comprehensive approach to population protection, i.e. stress needs to be put on building and developing a system capable of responding to threats that are both non-military and military in nature. In the conditions of the Czech Republic (CR), the current system of population protection has been laid down by law since 2000. With its scope, focus and legal definition, it encompasses civil defence and civil protection, i.e. systems that preceded the current population protection system. The Czech system of population protection can be understood in a narrower and a broader sense. The narrower definition stems from Act No. 239/2000 Coll., on the integrated rescue system, where population protection means: “Fulfilment of civil protection tasks, namely warning, evacuation, sheltering and emergency survival of citizens, and other measures ensuring protection of lives, health and property.” The broader concept is framed by the concepts of population protection1, which allow to better capture the complexity of population protection tasks and also better reflect the variability of determining conditions. The current key legislation regulating population protection has been amended 12 times since its adoption 20 years ago. With regard to dynamic social and technological changes introduced by the upcoming Society 4.0, a solution based on further amendments is no longer sustainable, and therefore improving systemic conditions for an effective prevention, preparedness and response policy by drafting a completely new piece of legislation becomes of major importance. The ambition of the present project, in line with Article 3(1)(a) of Decision No. 1313/2013/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, is to foster a culture of prevention in the conditions of the Czech Republic and improve cooperation between individual 1 Population protection concept until 2006 with outlook to 2015 (2002); Population protection concept until 2013 with outlook to 2020 (2008); Population protection concept until 2020 with outlook to 2030 (2013) 4 | Page components of the civil protection system. The main output of the project is the presented analytical-synthetic study reviewing the existing national system and examples of good practice from abroad. Part of the solution is the proposal of key directions for further development of population protection. The secondary use of the present study is strengthening of information activities. The study can be seen as a comprehensive introductory document, which can be followed by further research and analytical activities carried out by Member States or the European Commission (e.g. activities of the Disaster Risk Management Knowledge Centre). 5 | Page 2 STUDY GOALS AND FOCUS In the Czech Republic, population protection is a
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