KOREAN TRANSLATION INTO the US AFTER the KOREAN WAR Ester Torres Simón Dipòsit Legal: T 1100-2014
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TRANSLATION AND POST-BELLUM IMAGE BUILDING: KOREAN TRANSLATION INTO THE US AFTER THE KOREAN WAR Ester Torres Simón Dipòsit Legal: T 1100-2014 ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. 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UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI TRANSLATION AND POST-BELLUM IMAGE BUILDING: KOREAN TRANSLATION INTO THE US AFTER THE KOREAN WAR Ester Torres Simón Dipòsit Legal: T 1100-2014 Ester Torres Simón TRANSLATIONS AND POST-BELLUM IMAGE BUILDING: KOREAN TRANSLATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES AFTER THE KOREAN WAR DOCTORAL THESIS UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI TRANSLATION AND POST-BELLUM IMAGE BUILDING: KOREAN TRANSLATION INTO THE US AFTER THE KOREAN WAR Ester Torres Simón Dipòsit Legal: T 1100-2014 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI TRANSLATION AND POST-BELLUM IMAGE BUILDING: KOREAN TRANSLATION INTO THE US AFTER THE KOREAN WAR Ester Torres Simón Dipòsit Legal: T 1100-2014 Ester Torres Simón TRANSLATIONS AND POST-BELLUM IMAGE BUILDING: KOREAN TRANSLATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES AFTER THE KOREAN WAR PhD THESIS Supervised by Dr. Anthony Pym Departament of English and German Studies (URV) Dr. Joaquín Beltrán Department of Translation and Interpreting (UAB) TARRAGONA 2013 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI TRANSLATION AND POST-BELLUM IMAGE BUILDING: KOREAN TRANSLATION INTO THE US AFTER THE KOREAN WAR Ester Torres Simón Dipòsit Legal: T 1100-2014 Professor Anthony Pym President European Society for Translation Studies URV. Av. Catalunya 35 43002 Tarragona, Spain [email protected] April 20, 2013 I hereby certify that the present study “Translations and Post-Bellum Image Building: Korean Translations in the United States after the Korean War”, presented by Ester Torres Simón for the award of the degree of Doctor, has been carried out under the supervision of myself at the Department of English and German Studies of the Rovira i Virgili University, and by Dr. Joaquín Beltrán Antolín of the Autonomous University of Barcelona, and that it fulfills all the requirements for the award of Doctor. Tarragona, April 20, 2013. UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI TRANSLATION AND POST-BELLUM IMAGE BUILDING: KOREAN TRANSLATION INTO THE US AFTER THE KOREAN WAR Ester Torres Simón Dipòsit Legal: T 1100-2014 Professor Joaquín Beltrán Antolín InterAsia Research Group Facultat de Traducció I d’Interpretació, Edifici K, Campus UAB 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona) [email protected] April 20, 2013 I hereby certify that the present study “Translations and Post-Bellum Image Building: Korean Translations in the United States after the Korean War”, presented by Ester Torres Simón for the award of the degree of Doctor, has been carried out under the supervision of myself, Joaquín Beltrán, of the Department of Translation and Interpreting Studies of the Autonomous University of Barcelona, and by Dr. at the Department of English and German Studies of the Rovira i Virgili University. Cerdanyola del Vallès, April 20, 2013 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI TRANSLATION AND POST-BELLUM IMAGE BUILDING: KOREAN TRANSLATION INTO THE US AFTER THE KOREAN WAR Ester Torres Simón Dipòsit Legal: T 1100-2014 Acknowledgements This project would not have been completed without the inestimable assistance of several people. First, I’d like to acknowledge the Department of English and German Studies of the University Rovira i Virgili, for their support, financial and other, as well as a space to write this thesis and meet some incredible office mates: Serafima Khalzanova, Humberto Burcet, Kasia Baran, Andrea Bellot, Carlos Teixera and David Orrego—who put up with my mumblings and paranoia. Furthermore, my thanks to those who unknowingly led me to this project: Mrs. Hwang Seung-ok for introducing me to Korea, Choi Nak-Won for inviting me to translate a Korean novel with him, An Son-jae for talking with me about Korean translation, Jo Mihwa for polishing up my knowledge of Korea and Korean, and very special thanks to Stephanie Tomé and Park Darae for being my support in Korea. “Thank you” falls short when acknowledging the guidance, support, corrections, support, suggestions, support, interest and support of Anthony Pym and Joaquín Beltrán over these years. I could not have chosen better supervisors for this project, each in their field and style. Also, I would like to thank Alberto Fuertes for proofreading the thesis and to Liana Robinson for correcting parts of it. And above all, thanks to those who have been by my side from beginning to end, putting up with my trips, work, theories, and, in general, with me writing a thesis: my family and friends. This thesis is dedicated to the three men who have suffered it throughout all our life in common: Moi, Pol and Leo. I love you. 1 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI TRANSLATION AND POST-BELLUM IMAGE BUILDING: KOREAN TRANSLATION INTO THE US AFTER THE KOREAN WAR Ester Torres Simón Dipòsit Legal: T 1100-2014 Abstract This research looks into translations from Korean into English right after the Korean War (1951 to 1975), comparing them to the translations published in the later years of truce and development (1976 to 2000). The aim is to discern to what extent a historical situation of interest in another culture (the United States’ interest in a country it went to war for) goes hand in hand with a real rise in the demand for translations from that culture. I also look into how discourses presenting Korea vary as different agents become involved in the translation process. To do this, I look at the selection of works and the paratexts through which the translations were presented. After comparing the peaks of the translation exchanges with the turning points in Korean American relations, I conclude that despite the influence of historical relations in the initiation of the translation exchange, there is no clear correlation between one and the other, suggesting that the translation flow has a logic on its own. The characteristics of the translation flow display several relations. The more volumes in the flow and the longer the cultural exchange, the wider the availability of possible agents, and the more specialized those agents (translators, editors, publishers) become. Moreover, there is a growing variety of literary forms involved, with a tendency to translate longer works in the later stages of the flow. On the other hand, there is a greater presence of anthologies at the initiation of the translation exchange. Qualitative analysis of the translations’ paratexts shows that the process of specialization also affects the discourses in which Korea was represented. As the flow grew, Korean literature was presented in more specific terms, the fact of translation and the intervention of translators lost visibility, and the commercial aim was more noticeable in the presentation of the works. While these developments hint at a growing target-orientedness of the translations, the publishing patterns hint at a symbiotic relationship between the source-culture agent and the target-culture publisher. That is, both the selection of the works and the peritextual presentation of Korea indicate a situation in which selection is by the source agents and the target agents act as a filter, resulting in a cooperative presentation of the source culture.