Совет Безопасности Distr.: General 31 October 2016 Russian Original: English
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An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti
Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DER GRADES DES DOKTORS DER PHILOSOPHIE DER UNIVERSTÄT HAMBURG VORGELEGT VON YASIN MOHAMMED YASIN from Assab, Ethiopia HAMBURG 2010 ii Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti by Yasin Mohammed Yasin Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULITY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Supervisors Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff HAMBURG 15 December 2010 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my doctoral fathers Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit and Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff for their critical comments and kindly encouragement that made it possible for me to complete this PhD project. Particularly, Prof. Jakobeit’s invaluable assistance whenever I needed and his academic follow-up enabled me to carry out the work successfully. I therefore ask Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit to accept my sincere thanks. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus Mummenhoff and the association, Verein zur Förderung äthiopischer Schüler und Studenten e. V., Osnabruck , for the enthusiastic morale and financial support offered to me in my stay in Hamburg as well as during routine travels between Addis and Hamburg. I also owe much to Dr. Wolbert Smidt for his friendly and academic guidance throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. Special thanks are reserved to the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Hamburg and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) that provided me comfortable environment during my research work in Hamburg. -
Interview with the Late Abdullahi Qarshe (1994) at the Residence of Obliqe Carton in Djibouti
Interview with the late Abdullahi Qarshe (1994) at the Residence of Obliqe Carton in Djibouti Mohamed-Rashid Sheikh Hassan mrsh: Let us start with the basics. When and where were you born? aq: I was born in Moshe, Tanzania, in 1924. mrsh: People know you as Abdullahi Qarshe, but what is your real name? aq: Oh, yes, that is true. My real name is Mahmud Muhammad, and Qarshe was the nickname of my father. He was a businessman and trader in the livestock business in East Africa. He was regarded as a frugal man and was fortunate in business. We were five brothers and one sister. We lived in a big house on the outskirts of Moshe. mrsh: Tell us more about the background of your family and the rea- son your father moved to Tanzania. aq: My father emigrated from Sanaag region in what was at that time called British Somaliland. In those days, emigration (tacabbir) was pop- ular. Men used to travel for work and a better life, but it was not an easy task. Those who emigrated to East Africa, my father included, went through southern Somalia first of all, then proceeded to Tanza- nia. They had to travel by road or foot through harsh and unfriendly territories. Some of the migrants died along the way, and my father was one of the fortunate who survived. In the Sanaag region, my father’s family lived in the Maydh district. They were involved in the fish industry and the exportation of live- stock and animal hides, as well as timber, to the Gulf countries. -
An Ecological Assessment of the Coastal Plains of North Western Somalia (Somaliland)
IUCN Eastern Africa Programme Somali Natural Resources Management Programme An Ecological Assessment of the Coastal Plains of North Western Somalia (Somaliland) Malte Sommerlatte and Abdi Umar May 2000 IUCN Eastern Africa Programme Somali Natural Resources Management Programme An Ecological Assessment of the Coastal Plains of North Western Somalia (Somaliland) By: Malte Sommerlatte and Abdi Umar IUCN CONSULTANTS May 2000 Table of Contents SUMMARY....................................................................................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................ iii 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 OBJECTIVES OF ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................. 1 1.2 A REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES ...................................................................................... 1 1.3 SOCIAL STRUCTURES OF THE SOMALILAND COASTAL PLAINS PASTORALISTS ............... 3 1.4 LOCAL REGULATIONS CONTROLLING LAND USE AND NATURAL RESOURCES .............. 4 1.5 THE PRESENT POLITICAL SITUATION IN SOMALILAND..................................................... 6 2. SURVEY METHODS.................................................................................................................... 7 2.1. VEGETATION TRANSECTS.................................................................................................. -
Can the Somali Crisis Be Contained?
CAN THE SOMALI CRISIS BE CONTAINED? Africa Report N°116 – 10 August 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. THE TRANSITIONAL FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ............................................... 3 A. A TWO-LEGGED STOOL ........................................................................................................3 1. The TFG fissures .......................................................................................................4 2. The Mogadishu Security and Stabilisation Plan (MSSP) ..........................................5 3. The September crisis..................................................................................................6 B. REVIVING THE TFG: TOO LITTLE, TOO LATE........................................................................7 1. Reconvening of parliament in Baidoa..........................................................................7 2. Executive and judicial branches ................................................................................8 III. ASCENT OF THE ISLAMISTS ................................................................................... 9 A. THE ISLAMIC COURTS ...........................................................................................................9 B. JIHADI ISLAMISTS WITHIN THE COURTS...............................................................................10 -
Between Somaliland and Puntland Marginalization, Militarization and Conflicting Political Visions
rift valley institute | Contested Borderlands Between Somaliland and Puntland Marginalization, militarization and conflicting political visions MARKUS VIRGIL HOEHNE rift VALLEY institute | Contested Borderlands Between Somaliland and Puntland Marginalization, militarization and conflicting political visions MarKus virGil HoeHne Published in 2015 by the Rift Valley Institute 26 St Luke’s Mews, London W11 1DF, United Kingdom PO Box 52771 GPO, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya tHe rift VALLEY institute (RVI) The Rift Valley Institute (www.riftvalley.net) works in Eastern and Central Africa to bring local knowledge to bear on social, political and economic development. tHe autHor Markus Virgil Hoehne is a lecturer in social anthropology at the University of Leipzig. This work is based on research he carried out during his time at the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology in Halle/Saale, Germany. Between soMaliland and puntland The Rift Valley Institute takes no position on the status of Somaliland or Puntland. Views expressed in Between Somaliland and Puntland are those of the author. Boundaries shown on maps in this book are endorsed neither by the Rift Valley Institute, nor by the author. RVI exeCutive direCtor: John Ryle RVI Horn of afriCa and east afriCa reGional direCtor: Mark Bradbury RVI inforMation and proGraMMes adMINISTRATOR: Tymon Kiepe editorial ManaGeMent: Catherine Bond editors: Peter Fry and Fergus Nicoll report desiGn: Lindsay Nash Maps: Jillian Luff, MAPgrafix isBn 978-1-907431-13-5 Cover: Amina Abdulkadir The painting depicts the complexities of political belonging since the collapse of the Somali state in 1991. The yellow lines indicate the frontiers claimed by Somaliland and Puntland. The colour closest to gold portrays the contest for resources. -
Participant List
Participant List 10/20/2019 8:45:44 AM Category First Name Last Name Position Organization Nationality CSO Jillian Abballe UN Advocacy Officer and Anglican Communion United States Head of Office Ramil Abbasov Chariman of the Managing Spektr Socio-Economic Azerbaijan Board Researches and Development Public Union Babak Abbaszadeh President and Chief Toronto Centre for Global Canada Executive Officer Leadership in Financial Supervision Amr Abdallah Director, Gulf Programs Educaiton for Employment - United States EFE HAGAR ABDELRAHM African affairs & SDGs Unit Maat for Peace, Development Egypt AN Manager and Human Rights Abukar Abdi CEO Juba Foundation Kenya Nabil Abdo MENA Senior Policy Oxfam International Lebanon Advisor Mala Abdulaziz Executive director Swift Relief Foundation Nigeria Maryati Abdullah Director/National Publish What You Pay Indonesia Coordinator Indonesia Yussuf Abdullahi Regional Team Lead Pact Kenya Abdulahi Abdulraheem Executive Director Initiative for Sound Education Nigeria Relationship & Health Muttaqa Abdulra'uf Research Fellow International Trade Union Nigeria Confederation (ITUC) Kehinde Abdulsalam Interfaith Minister Strength in Diversity Nigeria Development Centre, Nigeria Kassim Abdulsalam Zonal Coordinator/Field Strength in Diversity Nigeria Executive Development Centre, Nigeria and Farmers Advocacy and Support Initiative in Nig Shahlo Abdunabizoda Director Jahon Tajikistan Shontaye Abegaz Executive Director International Insitute for Human United States Security Subhashini Abeysinghe Research Director Verite -
Oral History Program Series: Governance Traps Interview No.: U5
An initiative of the National Academy of Public Administration, and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and the Bobst Center for Peace and Justice, Princeton University Oral History Program Series: Governance Traps Interview no.: U5 Interviewee: Adan Yusuf Abakor Interviewer: Richard Bennet and Michael Woldemariam Date of Interview: 25 October 2010 Location: Hargeisa Somaliland Innovations for Successful Societies, Bobst Center for Peace and Justice Princeton University, 83 Prospect Avenue, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA www.princeton.edu/successfulsocieties Use of this transcript is governed by ISS Terms of Use, available at www.princeton.edu/successfulsocieties Innovations for Successful Societies Series: Governance Traps Oral History Program Interview number: U-5 ______________________________________________________________________ WOLDEMARIAM: This is October 25th in Hargeisa, Somaliland. We have the pleasure of being here with Dr. Aden Yusuf Abakor who is country representative for Progressio, a one-time member of the Hargeisa Group and someone who is incredibly well versed in Somaliland’s recent history. So if we could begin by asking you to tell us a little bit about your own personal background, your personal story, your education. ABAKOR: I’m from Hargeisa, I was born here, but I grew up in Aden. It was a British colony at that time, it is now considered to be a part of Yemen. I had -- my schooling was in Aden in a Roman Catholic mission school. I finished my high school, I went to Europe, especially to Warsaw, Poland where I studied medicine. I graduated from Warsaw. And from there I returned to Somalia for the first time and worked as a medical doctor in Mogadishu. -
Observatoire Friqu De L’ St Aenjeux Politiques & Esécuritaires
Observatoire friqu de l’ st AEnjeux politiques & Esécuritaires Elections in Somaliland 2017 and their aftermath Markus V. Hoehne Institute of Social Anthropology, University of Leipzig Note analyse 5 Avril 2018 L’Observatoire de l’Afrique de l’Est (2017-2010) est un programme de recherche coordonné par le Centre d’Etude et de Documentation Economique, Juridique et Sociale de Khartoum (MAEDI-CNRS USR 3123) et le Centre de Recherches Internatio- nales de Sciences Po Paris. Il se situe dans la continuité de l’Observatoire de la Corne de l’Afrique qu’il remplace et dont il élargit le champ d’étude. L’Observatoire de l’Af- rique de l’Est a vocation à réaliser et à diffuser largement des Notes d’analyse relatives aux questions politiques et sécu- ritaires contemporaines dans la région en leur offrant d’une part une perspec- tive historique et d’autre part des fondements empiriques parfois négligées ou souvent difficilement accessibles. L’Observatoire est soutenu par la Direction Générale des Relations Interna- tionales et de la Stratégie (ministère de la Défense français). Néanmoins, les propos énoncés dans les études et Observatoires commandés et pilotés par la DGRIS ne sauraient engager sa responsabilité, pas plus qu’ils ne reflètent une prise de position officielle du ministère de la Défense. Il s’appuie par ailleurs sur un large réseau de partenaires : l’Institut français des relations internationales, le CFEE d’Addis-Abeba, l’IFRA Nairobi, le CSBA, LAM-Sciences Po Bordeaux, et le CEDEJ du Caire. Les notes de l’Observatoire de l’Afrique de l’Est sont disponibles en ligne sur le site de Sciences Po Paris. -
State-Making in Somalia and Somaliland
The London School of Economics and Political Science STATE -MAKING IN SOMALIA AND SOMALILAND Understanding War, Nationalism and State Trajectories as Processes of Institutional and Socio-Cognitive Standardization Mogadishu ● Dominik Balthasar A thesis submitted to the Department of International Development of the London School of Economics (LSE) for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2012 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 105,510. I can confirm that my thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by Sue Redgrave. Cover illustration: Map source, URL: http://tinyurl.com/97ao5ug, accessed, 15 September 2012, adapted by the author. 2 Abstract Although the conundrums of why states falter, how they are reconstituted, and under what conditions war may be constitutive of state-making have received much scholarly attention, they are still hotly debated by academics and policy analysts. Advancing a novel conceptual framework and analysing diverse Somali state trajectories between 1960 and 2010, this thesis adds to those debates both theoretically and empirically. -
Built on Diversity: Statehood in Medieval Somaliland (12Th-16Th
Built on diversity: Statehood in Medieval Somaliland (12th-16th centuries AD) Jorge de Torres Rodriguez A 06 Built on diversity: Statehood in Medieval Somaliland (12th-16th centuries AD) Construido sobre la diversidad: las estructuras estatales medievales de Somalilandia (siglos XII a XVI) Jorge de Torres Rodriguez Resumen Este artículo pretende ofrecer una visión general de la arqueología medieval mu- sulmana en el Cuerno de África, poniendo énfasis en el papel de los estados me- dievales que durante más de tres siglos fueron capaces de integrar poblaciones con creencias, estilos de vida, lenguas y etnias muy diferentes. El estudio combi- na fuentes históricas y arqueológicas para analizar el caso específico del oeste de Somalilandia, una región en la que grupos sedentarios y nómadas con culturas ma- teriales muy diferentes convivieron durante siglos. A través del análisis de las rela- ciones entre estos dos grupos se plantea una propuesta sobre el modo en que los estados musulmanes fueron capaces de proporcionar unas marco estable y cohesio- nado para la región durante toda la Edad Media. Palabras clave: Cuerno de África, Edad Media, Estados, Islam, Arqueología medie- val, nómadas Abstract This article presents an overview of the current situation of the medieval Islamic archaeology of the Horn of Africa, paying especial attention to the role of the me- dieval states that for more than three centuries were able to integrate peoples with very different beliefs, lifestyles, languages and ethnicities. The study combines his- torical and archaeological sources to analyze a specific case in western Somaliland, a region where nomads and urban dwellers –two groups with very different material cultures- lived together for centuries. -
Party Somaliland:Peace-Building
PARTY SOMALILAND:PEACE-BUILDING 1 SECESSION AND CESSATION On 26 June 1960, Somaliland obtained independence from Britain. Six days later, on 1 July, under the premiership of Mohamed Ibrahim Egal, Somaliland united with the former Italian Somalia to form the sovereign Somali Republic. In May 1991, following the overthrow of Siad Barre, the Somali National Movement (SNM) declared the secession of the northern regions to form the independent 'Republic of Somaliland', the territory of which corresponds to that of the former British Somaliland Protectorate. In May 1993, Mohamed Ibrahim Egal was elected President of Somaliland. The people of Somaliland are of the Issaq, Gadabursi and Ciise (Dir), and Dolbahunte and Warsengeli clan-families. The latter two belong to the Darod confederation of clans. The Issaq, which formed the backbone of the SNM, are the most populous clan in Somaliland. The declaration of Somaliland secession went against the previously stated pohcies of the SNM, who had insisted that they sought only to change the Barre regime. The decision to declare independence at the Grand Shir ('gathering') of northern clans in Burco, in May 1991, resulted from a popular expression of opposition to further rule from Mogadishu. This was an understandable reaction to the suffering inflicted on the Issaq people by the Barre regime during three years of war, and to the manner in which Ali Mahadi's USC assumed power in Mogadishu. Reinforcing this decision may have been a realisation that the original goal which led Somaliland into unity with the south was no longer tenable. The decision in 1960 to unite with Somalia was driven by nationalistic aspirations to join all the five Somali territories into a Greater Somalia. -
Somalia Tropical Cyclone Gati Update #3 As of 25 November 2020
Somalia Tropical Cyclone Gati Update #3 As of 25 November 2020 Highlights • Tropical Cyclone Gati is expected to dissipate in the coming hours, leaving a trail of destruction especially in Bari region. • According to Puntland authorities, an estimated 66,000 people among the 180,000 affected will need direct humanitarian assistance. • An inter-ministerial committee and humanitarian partners recommend lifesaving assistance as Cluster partners start responding with the few emergency stocks available. Situation overview Tropical Cyclone Gati has weakened and is expected to dissipate in the coming hours, leaving a trail of physical and economic damage especially in Bari region. According to estimates compiled by Puntland authorities, the cyclone has affected about 180,000 people including fishermen, pastoralists, farmers, traders and other vulnerable groups, such as refugees and IDPs. An estimated 42,000 people were displaced mainly in Bossaso, Xaafuun and Hurdiya towns. Of these, 27,000 abandoned their homes temporarily after moderate to heavy rains that lasted for more than 24 hours flooded Bossaso town and surrounding. Puntland authorities estimate that 66,000 people among those affected will need some form of direct humanitarian assistance, including for livelihoods. Support is also needed to repair and clear blocked roads to reach affected people as well as fix damaged water supply infrastructure in the towns and schools. The road connecting Xaafuun and Hurdiye and the feeder roads between Iskushuban and Hurdiye are impassable due to flash floods and deluge. Areas of Somalia that have been affected by Tropical Cyclone Gati. In Somaliland, the meteorological department of the Source: OCHA Ministry of Agriculture reported rains in Badhan (60 mm), Ceerigabo (35 mm) and Ceel Afweyn (8.5mm) on 23 and 24 November.