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SOMALIA National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP)

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SOMALIA National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF SOMALIA National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) December, 2015 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the SWALIM Project concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This document should be cited as follows: Ullah, Saleem and Gadain, Hussein 2016. National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) of Somalia, FAO-Somalia. Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 12 1.1. Background to the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan: ............................. 12 1.2. Overview of the NBSAP development process in Somalia ........................................... 12 1.3. Structure of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan .................................. 16 1.4. Understanding biodiversity ............................................................................................ 17 1.5. Importance of biodiversity ............................................................................................. 17 1.6. Generic Profile of Somalia ............................................................................................. 19 CHAPTER 2: BIODIVERSITY OF SOMALIA ...................................................................... 25 2.1. Terrestrial Biodiversity of Somalia ................................................................................ 29 2.1.1 Acacia – Commiphora bushland .............................................................................. 29 Current Status of biodiversity: .......................................................................................... 32 2.1.2. Juniperus excelsa forest in the mountainous belt of Golis ...................................... 33 Current Status of biodiversity: .......................................................................................... 34 Nature of Threats ................................................................................................................... 34 2.1.3 Evergreen and semi – evergreen bushland ............................................................... 35 2.1.4 Semi – desert grassland, bushed grassland and bushland ........................................ 35 Representative Biodiversity of the eco-region: ................................................................. 35 Current Status of biodiversity: .......................................................................................... 36 Nature of Threats ................................................................................................................... 36 2.1.5 Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane Coastal Forest Mosaic ecoregion ............................ 37 Representative Biodiversity of the eco-region: ................................................................. 37 2.2 Aquatic biodiversity of Somalia ................................................................................. 40 2.2.1 Coastal biodiversity of Somalia ............................................................................... 40 2.2.2 Wetlands biodiversity .............................................................................................. 44 2.3 Drivers of biodiversity change in Somalia ...................................................................... 45 2.3.1 Habitat fragmentation/degradation ........................................................................... 45 2.3.2 Invasive species ........................................................................................................ 46 2.3.3 Over exploitation/over-use ....................................................................................... 47 2.3.4 Climate Change as driver of biodiversity loss: ........................................................ 51 2.3.5 Drivers of change for the coastal biodiversity: ........................................................ 52 CHAPTER 3: INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR BIODIVERSITY OF SOMALIA ... 54 3.1. Constitutional support to environment and biodiversity ................................................ 54 3.2. The policy and regulatory framework ............................................................................ 54 3.3. Institutional and human capacity .................................................................................... 55 3.4. Gaps and needs to strengthen biodiversity conservation ............................................... 57 3.4.1 Institutional & Capacity gaps: .................................................................................. 57 3.4.2 Absence of synergy among managing actors: .......................................................... 58 3.4.3 Baseline assessment: ................................................................................................ 58 3.4.4 Management gaps: .................................................................................................... 58 3.4.5 Sectoral versus integrated approaches: .................................................................... 59 3.4.6 Capacity gaps ........................................................................................................... 59 3.4.7 Investment gap: ........................................................................................................ 60 3.4.8 Scheduling gap: ........................................................................................................ 61 3.4.9 Security/access gaps: ................................................................................................ 61 CHAPTER 4: STRATEGY FOR MANAGMENET OF BIODIVERSITY ............................. 63 3 4.1. Vision, Goal and Objective ......................................................................................... 63 4.2. Principles Underpinning the Strategy ............................................................................ 63 4.3. Strategic Approaches for the NBSAP ....................................................................... 64 4.4. Main priority areas ......................................................................................................... 65 4.5. The NBSAP targets ........................................................................................................ 65 Overall strategic framework of NBSAP Somalia ..................................................................... 66 5. IMPLEMENTATION PLANS ............................................................................................. 99 5.1. Capacity development for NBSAP implementation ...................................................... 99 ñ Capacity gaps ............................................................................................................ 100 ñ Baseline assessment: .................................................................................................... 101 ñ Management gaps: .................................................................................................... 101 ñ Sectoral versus integrated approaches: ..................................................................... 101 ñ Gap in resource mobilization for NBSAP implementation: ..................................... 101 ñ Security/access gaps: ................................................................................................ 101 5.2. Communication and outreach strategy for the NBSAP: .............................................. 101 5.3. Outline of the plan for resource mobilization for NBSAP implementation:................ 103 5.4. National Coordination Structures ................................................................................. 105 5.5. Clearing House Mechanism ......................................................................................... 106 5.6. Monitoring and Evaluation ........................................................................................... 108 References: .............................................................................................................................. 110 Annex 2: The inclusive process of NBSAP Somalia .......................................................... 114 Annex 3: Terms of Reference of the National Steering Committee ................................... 123 Annex 4: Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 and the Aichi Targets ...................... 127 Annex 5: The IUCN Red List for Somalia .......................................................................... 130 Annex 6: Local Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plans for Somaliland and Puntland ...... 137 Annex 7: Cohesive Management flow chart for Conservation and Sustainable use of biodiversity (non-wooded forest/landscape products) ........................................................ 149 Annex 8: List of Environmental Agreements actions taken on by Somalia ....................... 152 Map 1: Administrative Map of Somalia, including distribution of settlements ........................ 21 Map 2: Agro-ecological Map of Somalia .................................................................................. 23 Map 3: Climatic Map of Somalia Map
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