9638 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS · April 10, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Emergency Aircraft Radio Location In­ list. He was killed in 1965. The crash occurred Rescue and Recovery Service was "inaugu­ only about 33 miles from our home airport rated in October of 1961, extending through strumentation: "Seek You, Seek You" on a heavily timbered mesa. Searchers esti­ December 31, 1967. I might add, also, had mated they :flew over the spot at least 20 I continued the period through the month times but could not see a sign of the plane of January, 1968, I would have added two ·HON. GORDON ALLOTT because of the way it had dived into the more missing planes in my own -state of OF COLORADO timber." Colorado. One of these has been missing IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES This was a letter to the Editor of "Aero since the first day of January, piloted by a West" Magazine from one of my constituents Longmont, Colorado, doctor; and the sec­ Wednesday, April 10, 1968 in Gunnison, Colorado. ond plane has been missing since January 12 Mr. ALLOTT. Mr. President, a recent "C.Q." ("Seek-You") has been the familiar. with four members of a Chicago faxnlly call of "Ham" radio operators the world over aboard. speech by my colleague from Colorado seeking contact with whomever might be The crosses on the map represent the gen­ [Mr. DoMINICK] has come to my atten­ listening. In the phonetic sense, it very well eral areas where searches have been con­ tion. I believe his remarks merit the fits the theme of this conference. For we are ducted by the Aerospace Rescue and Recov­ consideration of the Senate. I ask unani­ seeking to make it easier to find an aircraft ery Service, Civil Air Patrol and Coast Guard, mous consent that Senator DoMINICK's and its occupants who may have encountered for these aircraft which have not been lo­ speech be printed in the RECORD at the an emergency situation and have been forced cated during the past six years. to attempt an emergency landing away from I would like to point out that the Eastern conclusion of my remarks. any airport, and very likely in "an unfriendly Region-not the Western Region-has the The address was delivered on Wednes­ environment." If the emergency occurs in greater number of missing aircraft. Florida day, April 3, before the National Con­ rough terrain, the likelihood of injury to the leads with 7 and possibly 8, since in -one case ference on Aircraft Locator Beacon Im­ occupants is high, and the dangers are com­ it is not certain whether the plane is lost in plementation, sponsored by the Radio pounded if adverse weather conditions pre­ Florida or Alabama. South Carolin-a has 5, Technical Commission for Aeronautics. vail in the area where the emergency oc­ followed by North Carolina which has 4 and The conference was attended by repre­ curred. Adverse weather not only endangers possibly 5 because it is not certain ln which sentatives of the member industries and the survival of injured and uninjured pas­ of 4 states one plane went down. Alabama, sengers alike, but can and often does in­ Tennessee, Kentucky and New York ·each Government agencies for the purpose of crease the hazards to the dedicated people have been involved in two multi-state studying the feasib111ty and desirability who risk their own lives while trying to help searches. of crash locator equipment to assist in those in distress. I think it is noteworthy that there are five search operations for downed aircraft. Our success in finding downed aircraft has aircraft that have never been found in the This has been assumed by many to be been fairly good, but in a number of in­ New York-New England area during the past a problem chiefly limited to areas such as stances we have failed tragically in locating five years. One is xnlssing in the relatively our own Rocky Mountain regions in the aircraft until weeks or months after the fiat, and certainly well populated state of­ Colorado. The data presented by Senator accident--too late to help those who survived Ohio! DoMINICK, however, repudiates this the accident but later perished from long In the Central Area, which includes Colo­ exposure in the hostile environment. Most rado and virtually all of the Continental theory and gives a clear picture of the recently, the nation was shocked to read in Divide, there are only ten of these completely national scope of the problem. the newspapers of the diary kept by 16-year­ lost aircraft. But, note that four of them are The response of the delegates to the old Carla Olen, documenting the two-month­ in the State of Michigan, one in Illinois and conference to Senator DoMINICK's pres­ long struggle of the three members of this one in Missouri. There is only one in the entation was enthusiastic in support of family to survive after their light plane went Rocky Mountain area, and there is some his recommendations to require emer­ down in the mountains of California on question whether it actually is in Colorado gency locator equipment for general avi­ March 11th last year. A deer hunter finally or Utah. If it is in Utah, that would put it happened upon the scene of the tragedy on in the Western Region. Wyoming, which is ation aircraft. This is particular signifi­ October 2nd---flix months too late! both mountainous and sparsely populated, cant upon examination of the members In my own state of Colorado, evidence has not had a downed aircraft which was not of the Radio Technical Commission for found at the scene indicated that Dr. W. ultimately located. Aeronautics-a list which includes the Randolph Lovelace and his wife survived the Washington and Oregon, together, lead the majority of our. major commercial air­ crash of their rented plane in December, 1965, Western Region in the number of .aircraft line companies, our major aircraft pro­ but died of exposure before they were found, which have not been found during the last ducers; industries such as mM, A.T. & T., even though countless hours were spent in five years. There are eight and perhaps nine Bell Telephone Laboratories, Ford Motor searching for them. And, as I recall, it was aircraft which have disappeared in these two during that search that we lost one of our states without a trace since October, 1961. Co., General Motors, Bunker-Ramo Civil Air Patrol planes piloted by an Air Again, note that Idaho and New M-exico, Corp., General Dynamics; aviation Force Sergeant from Lowry Air Force Base. both of which are mountainous and have groups such as the National Pilots Asso­ But, such tragedies are not limited to our large sparsely populated areas, have not had ciation, and the Aircraft OWners and Western states. In fact, you documented in a plane down which they have not been able Pilots Association; as well as the Depart­ your "System tor Downed Aircraft Location" to find. ments of the Air Force, Army, Navy, Ma­ study, published in January, 1965, the four­ Alaska, which is carried separately in the rine Corps, Commerce, State, Treasury, day struggle for survival of Drs. Mlller and statistics, has had eight aircraft which have and the Federal Communications Com­ Quinn, whose plane went down in the small completely disappeared since October, 1961. mission. state of Vermont on February 21, 1959, but There certainly has been no lack of effort was not found until May 5 of that year. Dr. to locate missing aircraft. Aerospace Rescue I commend Senator DoMINICK's re­ Miller kept a diary, too. It closed with: and Recovery Service records show that from marks to the attention of the Senate and "Goodby all. This is saving a lot of experi­ 1961 through December 31, 1967, a total of hope every Member will take into con­ ments, I hope." 215,404 hours of search have been conducted. sideration the continuing cost in terms I could cite other examples, but this map Of this total number of hours of search, of human suffering and in terms of ex­ tells the story more graphically. 135,835 hours-nearly two-thirds--were :flown pensive searching missions, as long as the Despite the tens of thousands of search by the Civil Air Patrol. 79,569 hours of search FAA delays in issuing the rule to require hours spent by the Civil Air Patrol, the Air were :flown by the Coast Guard and others Force, the Coast Guard and the FAA, planes during this period. The cost has been high, installation of aircraft locator equip­ and their occupants are still xnlssing in vari­ not only in terms of operational costs, but ment. ous parts of the country, not only in the also in terms of lives lost while searching for There being no objection, the speech Western Region. It strikes me that the FAA missing aircraft. In the last three years, was ordered to be printed in the RECORD; notice gives the false impression that the ARRS records show that two C.A.P. aircraft as follows: problem is centered in the Western Region. and four lives have been lost during search SEEK You, SEEK You This stems from the fact that in illustrating missions. In Colorado last year, w-e conducted the extent of the problem, the FAA on page 3 13 search Inissioru; for missing aircraft at .an (An address by PETER H. DOMINICK, U.S. of the Notice of Proposed Rule Making stated average cost of $2,916 each. Senator, before the Radio Technical Com­ that, "in the Western Region 31 aircraft have Th-ere are other costs that are extremely mission for Aeronautics, National Confer­ been listed as missing and have not been difficult to .measure. In addition to the pro­ ence on Aircraft Locator Beacon Imple­ located during the 10-year period between longed grief caused the fammes of the oc­ mentation, Washington, D.C., April 3, 1968) 1957 and 1967." I did not have access to cupants of these completely missing a1rcraf.t, "MAY 1967. the statistics on missing and unlocated air­ there are also severe financial ha.l'Denver, must I have the equipment? untary use of this equipment? There are a grow less and l·ess. I call your attention to Proba.bly not if I take regular a.trways via the study made by the FAA which is men­ number of reasons which we should recog­ Kansas City. But suppose there are storms, nize and deal with. and I have to detour North and find myself tioned on page 9 of the Notice of Proposed First, I think we have created a bad image Rule Making. The FAA found after studying over Lake Michigan and into Minnesota and of the instrument by ca.lling it a "crash" lo­ the Bad Lands. Do I have to stop and iil.Sil!all survival cases that 50 percent of a.Il persons cator beacon. No aircraft manufacturer likes wlu> are rescued from downed aircraft are the equipment? Will this involve detailed to admit that his planes may crash. No pilot If recovered within the first 12 hours, and mandatory fiight plans for all weather? plans to crash. On the other hand, every stu­ a pilot fiies from Chicago to New Orleans seventy-five percent of the persons saved are dent pilot is thoroughly schooled in the fact recovered within the first 24 hours. There­ and crosses the Mississippi Delta, does he that he will probably encounter emergency have to install a beacon before he goes, or after, the probability of rescue diminishes situations. By the time he gets his private sharply. on his way down; and who will inspec-t h is pilot's license, the student-pilot has demon­ plane on arrival? The blue dots on the map show the a.p­ strated many times his knowledge of emer­ proxima.te area. where aircraft were located gency procedures. The automobile industry Frankly, it is my feeling that sound com­ after they had been miss.ing for three days did not ca.Il their flasher lights, "trouble mon sense says that all pilots, like politicians, or longer. I should explain that the Central lights" or "accident fiashers"-they call them· are optlmlsts. Very few Will install a locatrn­ Region shows these locations for the pa.st emergency flasher signals. We should refer bea.con in their planes, although they may three years; and 12 of the blue dots in the to these aircraft locator beacons as emer­ well a.gree that their neighboring pilot should Centra.! Region ·are for aircraft located in gency beacons. Furthermore, since we seek to have one. Hence, an enormous adminis-trative 1965. Since the Eastern Region and the West­ find downed aircraft more quickly, we might problem Will arise under the Rule, or it Will ern Region do not keep these records for give the entire system a catchy name whose simply be ignored. longer than two years, comparable informa­ initials suggest its function. We might call it Ladies and Gentlemen, we must have a tion 1s not shown for 1965 in these two "Emergency Aircraft Radio Location Instru­ mandatory required system-a system tha.t regions. mentation." Phonetically, the first initials will require emergency locators in all new In the Northeastern part of the United spell EARL!. general aviation a.lrcraft, except perhaps jets, States there were five a.lrcra.ft during the Cost is the second problem. But this can whioh operate almost constantly under radio past two years which were missing for more be solved if we can get utilization of the surveillance. A system which wlll, within a than three days but were subsequently lo­ beacon in large enough numbers. stated time, require installa,tlon in all "used" cated. One of these, found on Haysta.ck Also related to more Wider acceptance and aircraft In operation; a system which will Mountain near North Bennington, Vermont, use is the problem which confronts our Ham not only transmit but receive; a system on July 4, 1967, had been missing since radio operator who seeks to make contact which above all will save lives, reduce suf­ September 13, 1965. Another one, located with other Hams. To make contact, someone fering, and avoid dangerous and costly low­ October 12, 1967, 100 feet from the top of must be listening. I am pleased to note that level search sweeps. Mt. Williams near Williamstown, Ma.ssa.chu­ the FAA states it is planning to equip more I am confident that there is represented in aetts, had been missing since June 25, 1967, of its own aircraft with equipment capable this room the wealth of technical expertise when -a honeymooning couple from Balti­ of homing in on small transmitters emitting to crea.te the finest system for downed air­ more, Maryland, were last heard from en­ signals on the emergency frequencies. At craft location that could be devised. I urge route to Montreal. The Central Region had present, the Air Force regularly monitors the that you lend your supporl and collective 17 such a.ircraft found in the two-year period, UHF emergency frequency-243.0 Mhz. The knowledge to that dramatic goal. 1g66-67. The Western Region had nine, in­ likelihood that a military aircraft will be cluding one in the Baja, Lower California within range at any given time is relatively area. small; however, there is one other sugges­ Of more importance, the red circles on the tion that I think deserves very serious con­ Rennie Davis: Yippie (Youth Interna­ map represent the area where an aircraft was sideration. Why not enlist the help of our tional Party) missing for more than 24 hours, but was commercial air carriers? It could be done at found before the end of the third day. Again, minimal cost, and without undue burden on they seem to be fairly evenly distributed the crew. What I am suggesting is the instal­ HON. JOHN R. RARICK across the country. The Eastern ;Region had lation of a simple receiver -on our commercial OF LOUISIANA 13. Six of these were in the New York, Penn­ passenger and cargo aircraft to monitor the sylvania, New Jersey area; two in North-Caro­ VHF and UHF distress frequencies. Opera­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lina; two in Ala.bama; and three in the tional when the main power switch of the Wednesday, April 10, 1968 Southern Georgia-Northern Florida area. aircraft is activated, the receiver would be The Central Region a.lso had 13. Texas and inoperative when the main switch was turned Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the 90n­ Colorado accounted for 7 of the 13 tha.t were off. A blinker light would indicate to the fessed Communists are even trying to in­ found in this region. crew that a distress signal was being received, corporate the hippies into their con­ The Western Region had 14, with Califor- . and the only action required of .the crew spiracy of hate and extremism against nia and Washington state accounting for 11 member would be to snap an audio switch to free people. · - of the 14. ·· · · · verify that a wavering distress signal was in In summary, this map shows tha.t in the fact being received. The pilot then would im­ So that our colleagues will be alerted to last six years there are 60 aircraft in the mediately fix his position, call the nearest the Yippie during the planned riots at continental United States and Alaska which .. Flight Service Station and report that he the Chicago Democratic Convention, I are missing and have never been found. In had received a distress signal. In a matter of insert the report of the Osth Informa- 9640 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 1-0, 1968 tion Service~ Berryville, Va., following my The Communist Worker !or January 28, In September 1957, as a high school senior, 1968 reported that Carlos Russell was among Rennie was appointed program chairman of comments: those who attended a tribute for Communist the state· convention of the Student Coopera­ RENNIE DAVIS AND CARLOS RUSSELL: Party lawyer John Abt. The Worker again tive Association held in Richmond, Va. In MOVEMENT LEADERS discussed Russell in the February 25, 1968 October of 1961, as· an Oberlin College senior, A Chicago Tribune reporter penetrated a issue, reporting on his attendance at the he was admitted to Forensic Union and was closed meeting held at the east and west "Brooklyn Conference on Black People and to participate in intercollegiate debates, dis­ camps of the Ravenswood Y.M.C.A. · off Politics." That conference, sponsored by the cussions and radio broadcasts. He was, at the Tilinois highway 132 near Deep Lake Rood Black Caucus of the National Conference same time, also president of the Progressive the weekend of March 23rd. The secret con­ on New Politics, included such speakers as Student League and forum director of the clave was sponsored by the National Mobiliza­ Communist Party official James Jackson. The student newspaper, "Review," as well as vice tion Committee, an outgrowth of the original Conference made plans to draw all "Negro president of the class of 1962. In April of Spring and Student Mobilization Committees Americans," regardless of differences in their 1962, Rennie served as conference chairman to End the War in Vietnam. The National outlooks, into a unity to oppose established for the first national conference on campus Mobilization Committee is a coalition--a government. political parties held at Oberlin College. He united front--comprising all new left organ­ II is reported in the local newspaper as having izations which in turn are oorefully manipu­ Now let's look at Rennie Davis, who today been president of the Progressive Student lated by the old left Communist Party U.S.A. works with Staughton Lynd at SDS's Center League, which served as cosponsor of the The House Committee on On-American for Radical Research where Davis is Direc­ conference. · Activities released a report to that effect tor. Since he led he whole white contin­ Rennie later became a graduate student about a year ago. gent at the secret Illinois camp meeting at the University of Chicago. SDS's ERAP There were two separate, strictly segregated he must have a background to qualify him which he headed, evolved into JOIN, stand­ meetings at the camp. Black militants were for the task. ing for Jobs or Inconie Now, and it was con­ headed by Carlos Russell while white anti­ In May 1965 I delivered a 3-part radio veniently based in Chicago. Since 1965 his war leaders were led by Rennie Davis. On commentary on the origin of the Students name has apeared from time to time ln the March 24th the New York Times said that for a Democratic Society. Because Rennie Communist Worker as well as in numerous "Delegates represented groups ranging . from Davis at that time headed up the Economic "movement" publications. He has written Women Strike for Peace to the Communist Research and Action Project of SDS, I found many articles and his interviews given several Party." While the main discussion centered it useful to quote from an article he wrote left-activists, have been published. on disruptions for the Chicago Democratic about organizing poor people which had ap­ For example, The Worker of May 30, 1965 Convention next August, delegate Dave peared in an SDS Bulletin. I also thought my reported an interview with him concerning Delling.er said leaders of the coalition also radio listeners would like to know just who his expectation of recruiting several hun­ would confer with Martin Luther King to Rennie Davis was, so I told them that his dred full-time students for ERAP projects offer support for his "poor people's campaign" father, an economist, John C. Davis, attend­ that summ.er. The Worker described Rennie in Washington later this month. ed the well-known fabian socialist London Davis this way: "Quiet-spoken and unpre­ On March 26th the New York Times said School of Economics where he took special tentious, Davis is described by one co-worker there would be a follow-up meeting held in studies in 1938. Father John is listed in as 'having remarkable faith in people. He June at an undisclosed site in the Midwest Who's Who and his background as a pro­ takes his car to a garage where convicts to make further plans for the Chicago pro­ fessor and also as a top labor economist, work. They rob something every time, but test. Rennie Davis, head of the white sec­ Council of Economic Advisers Executive Of­ he still goes back. He's a great human tion, said the coalition would "work co­ fice of the President from 1947 through 1953, being.'" operatively" with the Youth International is published. Since 1948 father John has Party, the Yippies, who plan to attend the On July 11, 1965 Worker column-ist Ben owned a farm in the same Virginia County Levine discussed Rennie's appearance on the Chicago demonstrations. where I live, and among his five children is Do not confuse the Yippies with the Susskind "Open End" show. Commenting on next to eldest, Rennard, nicknamed Rennie. that appearance Frances Bartlett wrote in Hippies. Although Hippies lead communal Sometime after my broadcast the station lives, they have been deplored by leftwing her Facts in Education that Rennie Davis manager wrote me saying Mr. Davis had said he doubted SDS could work within our activitists for their political in~ctivity. In telephoned stating several local people had order to d raw them into aotive militant roles present system of government, that the told him that I had mentioned his name American people have a "neurosis toward the Yippies, headed by one of its Founders, and that of his son on one of my broadcasts. Jerry Rubin, intend to provide an organ­ Communism" and our foreign policy is anti­ Mr. Davis, according to the manager, also Communist, all of which JnUSt be changed. izing framework for Hippies in order to in­ stated he wanted a copy of my talk in order volve them in more demonstrations. Jerry Alice Widener discussed the same show in to turn it over to his lawyer to institute a her column of July 6, 1965. She said the Rubin is a far cry from an inactive Hippie suit against the station. After giving his ad­ type. The 13th Report of the California On­ so-called new left young men on the Suss­ dress, he slammed the telephone down. kind program mouthed all the old Commu­ American Activities Committee told about In due time I provided the gentleman with his illegal trip to Red Cuba, and after his nist and anarchist cliches and merely at­ the copy. That was the last either the radio tached them to new names such as Santo return in 1964, how he extolled the virtues station or I ever heard about the matter. Of of the Communist Cuban regime. Domingo, the Congo and Vietnam. course there were no grounds for a suit. I The National Guardian for May 29, 1965 Martin Jezer, both a Yippie and an SDS had recited published facts. But the incident member, took pains to explain the purpose published an article a,bowt vigorous demon­ aroused my curiosity, and after an inquiry, I strations in Chicago against hearings by the of Yippies in a letter to the editor of New received a letter from one of Rennie's high Left Notes, official SDS organ, March 25, 1968 House Committee on Un-American Activities school teachers. He wrote that Rennie was held then. Rennie Davis, one of the demon­ issue. At the same time, Julian Lester, writing one of his best students with high intel­ in the March 30, 1968 independent Com­ strators, spoke before the "antl-HUAC rally" lectual ability. In classroom discussion the saying, "We should stop HOAC with massive munist weekly, Guardian, called Jerry Rubin boy was always way out on the left side of the "one of the most articulat revolutionaries in plank. On the subject of economics, Rennie civil disobedience." the country." Lester wrote that the Yippies felt that the country was due for a major SDS published and sold for 10¢ a prunphlet represent "psychological guerrilla warfare," recession and a catastrophic financial crash written by Rennie Davis called "Mississippi and their "festival" in Chicago next August toward the end of that year, probably 1957. Freedom Democratic Party." His interests will present "an alternative" to Hippies who Rennie constantly quoted his father whom have indeed covered the "movement" water­ will be present. he called "a top economist in the govern­ front. Since Carlos Russell headed the Black ment service," which information appalled In mid-February 1967 Arthur Waskow of Militant Contingent at the secret planning the teacher. The boy graduated "unrecon­ Institute for Policy Studies, Anne Braden meeting the weekend of March 23rd, it is structed" as far as the teacher was con­ of the Communist-cited Southern Confer­ well to know something about him. The cerned. He had been a class officer and a ence Education Fund, Mike Sharon of Ren­ National Guardian, forerun:r;1er to the pres­ straight "A" student. nie's JOIN, and others in the new and old ent Guardian, reported on September 16, The teacher also wrote that while he had leftist coalition, met in WashingtOn for a 1967 that Panama-born Carlos Russell, who no idea at that time what his father's politi­ "Conference on Radical Vocations in the had just resigned as director of a Brooklyn, cal connections were, he still was astonished White Community." Rennie Davis is quo~d N.Y., federally funded, anti-poverty organi­ at the defeatism which he evidently con­ at length by Mike Sharon in his paper re­ zation, came to the National Conference for veyed to Rennie and which Rennie so en­ printed from "The Movement," delivered at New Politics Convention in Chicago last the Conference. Here is an example: Labor Day in order to write a report for the thusiastically bought. They were both for national office of the Episcopal Church more social control and more control of the "What we're all about is not an inter­ "which is reassessing relations between economic system. Rennie was constantly say­ racial movement of the poor but a parallel church and race." He ended up as chairman ing that what we needed was more controls, movement of the poor; organizationally the of the black caucus which in a dramatic mid­ more government controls, more government movement will be interracial but as a com­ night vote September 3rd, gained voting con­ planning of economic price fixing, more gov­ munity it will not be interracial. JOIN will trol of the entire convention. ernment ownership, etc. have a definite power contribution to make April J. o, 19.6 8 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9641 to the Negro Movement around any given ground or seeking to protect themselves by trying to storm the convention against all the issue." _ denying what they stand for at their public tanks and other military equipment they On January 13, 1968 SDS's Radical Edu­ trials. Instead, sa.id he, "I believe we must would bring in," said Mr. Dellinger, a princi­ cation Project sponsored- a Chicago Con­ turn every trial into a trial of the system, pal organizer of massive demonstrations in ference to decide on various perspectives for that we should fight o1f paranoia as much New York City .last April15 and at the Penta­ organizing as radicals in professions. Among as possible as repression comes and that we gon last Oct. 21. the three speakers was Rennie Davis. He should seek the widest support for our ac­ Demonstrators may be aimed at induction spoke of his trip with other movement peo­ tions and for our right to hold and express centers rather than the convention, he said. ple to North Vietnam last fall, suggested our convictions ..." He said they would take place simultaneously that professionals pool money to hire a This past February Rennie Davis· went to in other cities as well as Chicago. community organizer to organize their the University of Kentucky where he spoke Mr. Davis condemned the recent arming of clients into unions and discussed the need under the sponsorship of the Southern Con­ all Chicago policemen with chemical Mace, a for counter-curricula in education which ference Education Fund and the American disabling spray. He said the "major dis­ might come out of a research center. He Friends Service Committee. He attacked the rupter" of the convention could be Mayor made a great point about necessary action bombing of North Vietnam and commented Daley for such "provocative actions." by leftists at the forthcoming Chicago Con­ "on the tremendous enthusiasm and unity He said the Mayor had "indicated every in­ vention, and particularly emphasized that of the people in the face of attack which he tention of locking up and harassing people a person be a radical first and a professional witnessed on his 19-day visit to North Viet­ bent on exercise of civil liberties." second so "professionals can be the allies, nam last October." That Conference was re­ The Mayor commented at a news confer­ not the enemies, of the revolution." All this ported in The Wo1·ker for February 25, 1968 ence that the rights of all citizens would be and much more was published in the Febru­ and was publicized in several other radical respected but that "no one, no matter who ary 1968 issue of Radicals in the Professions movement organs. they are or who they represent, will be able Newsletter which, in turn, is published by While a great many other examples could to take over the convention hall or streets of SDS's Radical Education Project. be cited describing the experience Rennie Chicago." Norman Fruchter, an editor of the maga­ Davis has had in leftwing organizing, we wlll The coalition initiated last weekend will zine, "Studies on the Left," interviewed tie up the story of his life with just one fur­ be composed of such New Left student groups Rennie Davis and other JOIN organizers for ther reference, that of his visit to Bratislava, as students for a Democratic Society such the Summer, 1965 issue. Rennie told Fruch­ Czechoslovakia last September 5th through antiwar organizations as Women Strike for ter he grew up in rural Virginia, but in get­ 12th. He traveled there with forty other Peace, draft resistance groups and slum ting to know the "informal gang structure American anti-war activists and community neighborhood organizations. Representatives on the corner" in his Chicago area, he once organizers, stayed at a "modern workers' re­ will meet in June at an undisclosed site in went out of his way to be "virtually drunk sort," and met with twenty-four Vietnamese, the Midwest to plan the convention protest. all week," because the fellows on the corner twelve from the National Liberation Front The aim stated today was "to use the drink all day. He felt they were a potential of South Vietnam and twelve from the Democratic convention as a national plat­ revolutionary force in Uptown Chicago and "Democratic Republic of (North) Vietnam." form to heighten our impact and visibility are least afraid of the police. Rennie said After hearing the Vietnamese Reds tell of and draw the movement together." JOIN wanted to put a stop to "police bru­ their organizing methods and problems, Ren­ Demonstrations will seek to stimulate tality." nie Davis, "with a smile of immediate recog­ popular antiwar sentiment and build coali­ Rennie Davis helped organize a demonstra­ nition, described the same problems and tion membership. tion outside Mandel Hall at the University similar methods used in the SDS-JOIN proj­ Mr. Dellinger said the coalition would of Chicago in early 1966 to oppose a speech ect in Chicago ..."Tom Gardner wrote that not try to impose peaceful demonstration delivered by Senator Walter Mondale, substi­ and much more in the November 1967 issue tactics on other groups demonstrating at the tuting 'for Vice President Hubert Humphrey. of New South Student, organ of the South­ convention. SDS organ, New Left Notes, reported that ern Students Organizing Committee. His ar­ Mr. Davis said Dick Gregory, Chicago en­ Davis spoke, and among other topics, out­ ticle was called, "Viet Report." tertainer and civil rights activist, conferred lined an incipient movement of the poor With a background like this, is it any with Negro participants in the weekend then developing in Chicago to challenge the wonder Rennie Davis was chosen to lead the meeting and an e1fort to coordinate demon­ "Daley Machine." The movement Rennie white anti-war pack at the secret camp meet­ stration at the convention. spoke of included the Woodlawn Organiza­ ing in Illinois in mid-March? Is it at all mys­ Mr. Gregory has threatened such massive tion, the Southern Christian Leadership terious that "The Mobilizer," organ of Na­ demonstrations that "the Government will Conference and JOIN. tional Mobillzation Committee, lists him in be forced to bring the Army in" to protect The Communist newspaper, National its most recent issue as the person to whom the convention. Guardian, published an article received from to write for presenting position papers and Mr. Davis said the coalition would also its correspondent in Berkeley, California, in proposals toward disruption next August in "work cooperatively" with the Youth Inter­ the November 12, 1966 issue. The article re­ Chicago? Rennie's address as it appears in national Party ("yippies") which plans a ported on the Black Power Conference held The Mobil1zer is Room 315, 407 South Dear­ massive "love-in" for Chicago parks during there, headed by Stokely Carmichael, who born, Chicago, Illinois 60605. the convention. spoke to an audience of about 15,000. Among While we now have Stokely Carmichael and "Yippie" elder statesmen include Allen other speakers was Rennie Davis who, the Carlos Russell heading up the young black Ginsburg, the poet, and Dr. Timothy Leary. correspondent writes, "has worked among the militants, it would appear their white coun­ "Yippie" observers attended the week-end Appalachian migrants to the big cities," and terparts are Staughton Lynd and Rennie planning conference of about 200 new left, he described "the potential for organizing Davis, now leading the equally mmtant white antiwar, and black power leaders at a camp among radical lines among poor whites." pack. The proper agencies of government near Lindenhurst, Ill., 50 miles from here. Late last summer when plans were made should take careful note. A conference resolution supporting the for the meeting at the Chicago Palmer House "yippie" convention project calls it "a yip­ of the National Conference for New Politics, [From the New York Times, Mar. 26, 1968] pie festival seeking to contrast the celebra­ many movement activists were asked to pre­ PEACEFUL PROTEST IN CHICAGO VOWED-GROUP tion of life with the death-producing rituals pare working papers. Among those published SAYS IT DoESN'T PLAN To DISRUPT CoN- of the politicians." was one by Rennie Davis and Staughton VENTION Mr. Dellinger said the coalition would sup­ Lynd, co-writers. Originally, it appeared in (By Donald Janson) port the candidacies of neither Senator Eu­ New Politics News for August 29th but was CHICAGO, March 25.-Spokesmen for a loose gene .J. McCarthy of Minnesota nor Senator reprinted in the National Guardian and New coalition of New Left and antiwar groups said Robert F. Kennedy. of New York because their Left Notes. The ideas found in that lengthy today demonstrators at the Democratic na­ peace and domestic platforms did not go piece are too varied and too involved to sum­ tional convention here in August would be far enough. marize here. peaceful rather than disruptive. The coalition, he said, wants immediate The Movement, a newspaper published in But they attacked Mayor Richard J. Daley, pull-out of American troops in Vietnam and San Francisco by SNCC and SDS activists, charging him with planning unconstitutional self-determination for the Vietnamese interviewed Rennie Davis at great length in repression, and promised a legal challenge to people. the February 1968 issue. The topic was orga­ insure their right to freedom of speech and In the United States, he said, it wants a nizing for disruption at the Chicago Demo­ assembly. cratic Convention, but many other subjects greater self-determination for slum resi­ Spokesmen at a news conference at the dents rather than job and housing programs were included. Among these was one especi­ Y.M.C.A. Hotel fresh from a planning meet­ ally pertinent to U.S. leftists right now: the that would rely in part on private and busi­ ing held over the weekend, were Rennie Davis ness assistance, as proposed by Senator Ken­ fact that government is finding it neces­ of Chicago, director of the Center for Radical nedy. sary to clamp down to some extent on left­ research; David Dellinger of New York, editor Mr. Dellinger said leaders of the coalition activists, and to conduct investigations o1 of Liberation magazine, and Donald Duncan would confer tomorrow with the Rev. Dr. radical organizations. Rennie Davis told The of San Francisco, mllitary editor of Ramparts Martin Luther King, Jr. to offer support for Movement that in this "repression" activists magazine. his "poor people's demonstration" tn Wash­ must not take the defensive by going under- "I don't think much would be gained by ington next month. 9642 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 10, 1968 Minneapolis Tribune Praises the Presi­ Significantly, the :?resident last night ex­ pressed the hope that "all the south Viet­ Strong Truth-in-Lending Bill Needed for dent's Speech to the Nation namese," a description which presumably in­ Proper Protection of the Consumer cludes the Viet Cong, could chart their course free of outside interferences. HON. WALTER F. MONDALE · The President reminded the world that HON. DANIEL B. BREWSTER OF MINNESOTA there is a useful role for other nations--he OP MARYLAND IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES mentioned Britain and the SOviet Union, as co-chairmen of the Geneva conferences--to IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Wednesday, April 10, 1968 play in obtaining peace for southeast Asia. Wednesday, April 10, 1968 The British have long indiOS/ted their will­ Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, in his ingness for such a role. We hope the Russians Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. President, on speech to the Nation, President Johnson now will come forward aloo, even though April 9, conferees of the Senate and exhibited what the Minneapolis Tribune there are reasons, including their relation­ House began the job of deciding upon the rightly described as "statesmanship on ships with China and North Vietnam, that final form of one of the most vital pieces a plane commensurate with the tradi­ such a role may be difficult for Russia. of consumer legislation in years-truth tions and ideals associated with the Na­ The Pr~dent again called upon the Con­ in lending. tion's highest omce." gress to recognize and act upon its fiscal responsibilities. The Congress must increase The truth-in-lending bill passed by the His offer of peace to the world and taxes, unpopular though this may be in an Senate last year and the one approved unity for our land may be judged as his election year, because such a step is needed by the House in February have significant greatest act--and certainly his greatest to lessen the dangers of inflation at home differences. In brief, these differences sacrifice. and to restore confidence abroad in the Amer­ make the House b111 a stronger and better He placed-in the words of the Min­ ican economy. The President spoke with real­ one in protecting the interests of the ism and courage. We hope Congress responds neapolis Tribune "the needs of the Na­ in kind. American consumer. For instance, unlike tion above partisan advantage to him­ By removing himself from personal com­ the Senate bill, the House bill covers re­ self," unity above party, peace above petition for the next four years of the presi­ volving credit, transactions where credit politics. dency, President Johnson has, we believe, is $10 or less, credit advertising, and The President joined his plea for greatly improved the nation's opportunity garnishments. united purpose at home with a call for to achieve those goals to which most Ameri­ Today I should like to address some united international action for peace cans--including Vice-Pres.tdent Humphrey remarks the question of why we need and Sens. McCB.l'thy and Kennedy on one to abroad. And to demonstrate the sincerity slde and former Vice-President Nixon and a strong truth-in-lending bill-like the of his offer and the intensity of his con­ Gov. Rockefeller on the ather~ubscribe. We House bill-one that leaves no doubt to victions, he made the supreme political hope that the credibility gap that has dogged its adequacy in protecting the consumer. sacrifice-he took himself out of par­ the Johnson admdnistra.tion will now be dis­ The case for strong truth-in-lending tisan politics. solved by the President's action of last night. legislation is more compelling today than If we in America-and if the nations Let the North Vietnamese reassess America's ever before. Consumer credit has become desire for peace with honor. Let other nations more and more an integral part of the the world over-can match the Presi­ reassess their general belief that no real peace dent's dedication to freedom and tran­ negotl:atlons can take place before the American way of 11fe. Since 1960 the qu1llity we cannot fail to succeed. November election. Let the American people total of such credit--excluding mortgage His sacrifice was as great as his belief r_eassess their own disunity. credit--has risen some 69 percent to an that peace in the world and unity in the President Johnson has made a generous all-time high of over $95 billion, or 8.1- United States are more important than offer toward peace in the world and toward most $500 for every person in the Unite.d unity in our land, and perhaps this offer will States. the fate of any man. someday be measured as his greatest act. I ask unanimous consent that the The major 'portion of this consumer editorial be printed in the REcoRD. credit is installment credit. This type of There being no objection, the editorial credit has risen since 1960 by a whop­ ping 74 percent to a record high of about was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Teachers-in-Politics Weekend as follows: $75 billion. [From the Minneapolis (Minn.) Tribune, The benefits of credit in our way of Apr. 1, 1968] HON. FRANK THOMPSON, JR . . life are clear, for it permits a family to THE PRESIDENT'S SPEECH OF NEW JERSEY enjoy a standard of life beyond its cur­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rent savings and income. But its dan­ President Johnson last night delivered gers are equally obvious; it can lead to what future historians may record as the Wednesday, April 10, 1968 greatest speech of his presidency, a speech :financial ruin and poverty. that may prove to be the principal turning Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey. Mr. To be sure, the American credit-buy­ point in his adminlstration. A stunned na­ Speaker, April5 marked the opening of a ing consumer knows the goods he 1s buy­ tion today will be appraising President John­ unique program gponsored by the Na­ ing and their price. But the trouble is sons decision not to seek or accept renomina­ tional Education Association and its con­ that the consumer is rarely aware of the tion, and assessing the future impact of this decision upon the crucial political steps to be stituent State associations. The program dollar cost or the annual percentage rate taken by both major parties later this year. is called Teachers-in-Politics Weekend. paid for the use of credit. No one dis­ We believe the President's speech was The purpose of the program is to focus putes that this lack of knowledge is a statesmanship on a plane commensurate with the attention of our teachers on the major contributor to the abuse and mis­ the traditions and ideals associated with the political process by a series of clinics and use of credit. nation's highest office. Mr. Johnson clearly seminars at which-they may meet and The reason for the lack of knowledge placed the needs of the nation above partisan hear their elected representatives on the about the true costs of credit stems advantage to himself or to the party under largely from the varying and confusing whose political banner he has served in State and national level. Washington for more than three decades. Mr. Speaker, I cannot think of any manner in which credit costs are stated. His decision to cease the bombing of. most more appropriate time for this observ­ The array of practices defy comprehen­ of North Vietnam for an indeterminate period ance. I can recall no other period in our sion of even the most intelligent citizen. is a courageous one, both because of the national life when we have had more re­ For example, one finds such practices as polltlcal risks at home and because the shift markable happenings on the political add-ons, sales price versus cash price, 1mpl1es recognition that his previous. policy scene than we have witnessed these past discounts, term price differentials, and was not succeeding. 10 days. I think that our teachers should differing service charges. The President's dec~sion to send only 1~.- 500 troops to Vietnam to support the 11,000 get involved. A teacher who is alive to the From all of this then there is little sent recently reflects growing American op­ workings of our political system will be wonder why there has been a rising tide position toward a further bUildup of Ameri­ able to bring a fuller appreciation of our of consumer bankruptcies. Bankruptcies, can forces in a stalemated land war in Asia. democratic system.· to the classroom and, in fact, have risen faster than consumer The South Vietnamese were warned last in the process, be in a better position to debt-by 80 percent since 1960. ~ght that the war is principally theirs to participate in the conduct of public In view of the increasingly widegpread prosecute, and that American fighting men affairs. I commend the NEA for sponsor­ use and misuse of consumer credit, it has cannot win for South Vietnam what its citi­ ing this observance and I would hope become increasingly clear that c.onsum­ zens are unwilling to do for themselves. that it would become an annual event. ers must be given full and comparabie April 1 o, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9643 information on what credit costs them expound the purpose of the legislation, the on credit or makes loans must express the in easily understandable terms. problexns involved, the needs for and the very same kind of percentage rate and dollar limitations of, Federal legislation, and the amount information. This, in brief, is one major reason for anticipated results when the blll reaches its Mr. FANNING. Mr. Secretary, how does the the drive that has been underway for final form. administration regard these bills? more than 7 years to get truth-in-lending Mrs. Sullivan, would you begin the dis­ Mr. BARR. The administration has been legislation enacted into law. The battle cussion, please? fighting, as I think nearly everyone knows, has been a long and hard one, and the Representative SULLIVAN. Be happy to, Mr. for approximately eight years to get this issues have been complex and confusing. Fanning. legislation enacted. We finally are very close. We are now near the end of this difficult Basically, the purpose of this legislation is We're going to have to resolve the differences to provide for the customer-the consumer­ between the House blll and the Senate bill. road, and success-victory for the con­ the facts which he has to have in order to be It's the position of the administration that sumer-is in sight. able to use credit in an informed manner. the House bill is a much better bill, for Just recently, there was an interesting We require in the blll that in every consumer the reasons Mrs. Sulllvan has given you. television program that focused well on credit transaction the seller, or the lender, In the first place, the House blll does get the question of truth in lending and has to tell the buyer, or the borrower, the to this whole question of advertising. You where it stands today. Sponsored by the full amount of all of the extra costs-the full can hardly pick up a paper, or turn on your amount of the money that's involved in the television, or turn on your radio, without Georgetown University Forum and shown transaction, including the principal amount being assaulted by all sorts of advertising to March 17 on WRC-TV, the program was and all of the extra costs added for the pur­ come and get credit. Unfortunately, a lot of entitled: "Truth in Lending: Its Promise pose of financing the obligation. And these this advertising-I'm not going to say it's and Importance." The participants in the have to be spelled out in understandable misleading-but it's really confusing. 'The program were Joseph W. Barr, the Under terxns, and then translated also into an House blll should remove .much of this con­ Secretary of the Treasury; Representa­ annual percentage rate, so that the customer fusion. That's why it has a great advantage tive LEONOR K. SULLIVAN, chairman of can compare the credit costs on the rate over the Senate bill. basis as well as on a dollar-and-cents basis. As Mrs. Sullivan says, too, the House bill the House Subcommittee on Consumer And in addition to comparing one type of goes across the whole board; it just doesn't Affairs; and Charles R. McNeill, director credit offer with another, the consumer can, take a certain type of lending or credit opera­ of the Washington office of the American if he knows the actual percentage rate of a tion. It includes all types of credit operations. Bankers Association. For the information credit charge, compare that rate with the These are the two really significant ad­ of those who did not see the program, I percentage rate of the return on his own vantages that I see between the House and ask unanimous consent that a transcript money; that is, if he has a savings account Senate bills. of the proceedings be printed in the or makes an investment, he can compare Wally, you know, I'd like to add just a little RECORD at the end of my remarks. what he gets when he invests with what he bit right here, as we start off, on the impor­ has to pay when he borrows. So I think the tance of this legislation. I urge Senators who are members of annual percentage rate is the heart of this Consumers in this country have outstand­ the conference committee to give close issue-to give the consumer or the customer in!l: right now roughly a hundred billion dol­ and careful consideration to this im­ the proper information in order to "shop for lars in consumer debt. This is installment portant piece of proposed consumer legis­ credit" as he shops for merchandise. debt on cars, and refrigerators; it's debt to lation. I hope they will cast their votes Mr. FANNING. Now, Mrs. Sullivan, what stores, it's debt to doctors and service peo­ for a strong, fair, and equitable truth-in­ you've been talking about, essentially, is the ple, and it's debt to banks. lending bill, such as the one the House House bill, your blll, is that true? Now, I'm not talking about mortgages, the Representative SULLIVAN. That's right. mortgage credit we owe on our homes, and has passed. Mr. FANNING. Now, how does this differ I'm not talking about what corporations owe There being no objection, the tran­ from the Senate version? or what the goveriiment owes. I am referring script was ordered to be printed in the Representative SULLIVAN. Well, there are only to the debt we owe as a people. Now, RECORD, as follOWS: nine really major differences in the House and of this hundred billion outstanding, over Senate bills. TRUTH IN LENDING: ITS PROMISE AND IM­ seventy-five blllion is repaid each year, so PORTANCE Number one is that all first mortgages are you can see that this debt nearly rolls over covered in the House blll, not the Senate's. every year. The seventy-five billion dollars (Georgetown University Forum, as broadcast Where the Senate has exempted all depart­ is paid every year by "&he American people on over WRo-TV, Channel 4, March 17, 1968, ment and catalog houses from expressing installment plans. That figures out to one and WETA, Channel 26, March 18, 1968) their credit rate on an annual basis for their dollar out of every six of the disposable in­ Moderator: Wallace Fanning, NBC News. revolving charge accounts, the House blll has come we have. In other words, for the aver­ Panel: Honorable Joseph W. Barr, Under removed that exemption and now these re­ age American, one dollar out of every six he Secretary of the Treasury; Honorable Leonor volving charge accounts must be expressed on is earning is being used to pay this credit. K. Sullivan, U.S. Representative, Missouri, a nominal annual percentage rate the same So, when you're up in magnitudes of this Chairman, House Subcommittee on Con­ as all other sellers of credit must do. We have sort, I think it's crucially important that the sumer Affairs; Mr. Charles R. McNeill, Di­ also removed the exemption in the Senate American consumer have the information he rector, Washington Oftice, American Bankers bill pertaining to the transactions where the needs to make an installment decision as to Association. credit charge is $10 or less. These were two what kind of credit he wants, what the PROCEEDINGS very important items that should not be terxns are, what it's going to cost him, so he Mr. FANNING. Welcome to another in our exempted. can shop between one seller, one lender and series of Georgetown University Television We cover in the House bill credit ad­ another, and get the best deals available. Forums. I'd like you to meet the members of vertising; we cover credit life insurance, as This is a lot of money, and I just don't think today's panel. part of the finance charge, which tlie Senate we can brush it off the rug. I think we must The Honorable Joseph W. Barr, the Under bill did not. We have a garnishment provision make it crystal clear to the cons~er what Secretary Of the Treasury; the Honorable in the blll; we also have a Commission on he's getting into. That's the whole purpose of Leonor K. Sull1van, U.S. Representative from Consumer Finance, that would last for two this legislation. Missouri, Chairman of the House Subcom­ years, to oversee and report back to the Con­ Mr. FANNING. Thank you, sir. Let's get to · Inittee on Consumer Affairs; and Mr. Oharles gress on any need, or how this legislation is Mr. McNelll now for the Bankers Association. R. McNeill, Director of the Washington Oftice working. And one of the most important Mr. McNEILL. Mr. Fanning, we in the Amer­ of the American Bankers Association. things we have, too, is administrative en­ ican Bankers Association believe that after The question of whether or not there forcement, so that when someone finds that many years of consideration of this bill, that should be Federal legislation in the form of there's something wrong, they don't have to the bill that is now before the conferees of a truth-in-lending bill has been before Con­ start suit themselves. They take it to the the Senate and the House, and as it is likely gress for eight years. In recent months, both proper Federal agency right in their area and to be enacted, is one that is both workable the House of Representatives and the Sen­ it's taken from there. and practicable. We see some problems in it, ate have passed such a bill. The two versions And then the last, is the anti-loan-shark and the administrator, the agency of the now are being discussed in conference com­ provision that is in the House bill. government charged with formulating regu­ mittee representing the two branches. Mr. FANNING. Well, now, those are the lations, the Federal Reserve Board, is going Consumer credit is a huge fact of Amer­ things that the House bill has that the Sen­ to have some problems in being certain that ican life, and therefor~ every American might ate bill does not. Does the Senate blll have their regulation and their rules are simple well want to know the latest developments any features that your bill does not? and understandable and readily usable by all in the congressional efforts to protect the Representative SuLLIVAN. Yes. The Senate types of lenders and extenders o:C credit. But consumers. For that purpose, we have in­ blll requires a percentage rate disclosure, but we believe this can be done and if it is done vited a representative of the Executive Lt leaves a lot of loopholes so that everyone in the manner that we anticipate, that the Branch, a Congresswoman who has fought who sells or lends--sells credit--does not consumer will then be in a position to have valiantly for passage of such a bill on the have to reveal the same information. In the a usable comparison of credit costs. This, o:C tloor of the House, and a representative of HoU:Se bill, we have made it clear-across-the• course, means that the consumer takes an in­ the American B~nkers Assoctatlon. They wW board, so that everybody who sells an Item terest 1n this compariSon. Some people have 9644 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 1 o, 1968 said that many borrowers, many consumers, Representative SULLIVAN. Yes--this come­ very thorough study, and we have use of are only interested in how many dollars they on, and they're oversold on many items that these credit bureaus that give us fast serv­ have to pay each month, and care very little maybe they want, but sometimes they don't ice, just like this." And he .went on to ex­ about the percentage rate or the actual cost even want it. But it looks like such an easy plain a very elaborate system they have for of credit over the period of a loan. If this is thing, to sign your name and take the arti­ running down a person's credit rating. So true, the legislation will not be meaningful cle home and use it, and so when do you pay then I confronted him with the court record to those people. for it, or can they really pay for this item of this man who had just taken personal But for those consumers who want to have that was so easy to buy on credit? bankruptcy for another four or five thousand a basis of comparison, we believe that this Mr. BARR. Lee, tell them the bankruptcy dollars, and I said, "Will you tell me how legislation, as it is likely to come out of the story. You had several hearings about bank­ your company gave this man credit." As I conference, will be workable and give them ruptcy. said, the first thing he bought was a shot­ the opportunity for a meaningful compari­ Representative SULLIVAN. Well, the ques­ gun and the second thing he bought was a son. tion is asked-you know, people say, "Well, hi-ft. And he said, "I just don't understand Mr. FANNING. Well, Mr. McNeill, is it your why do you need this legislation? Is there it, Mrs. Sullivan; may I go back and look estimate that the legislation will materially a demand for it?" And there really hasn't these up and come back?" And I said "I wish reduce the amount of credit buying and been a demand by the people. But we who you would; I'd like to have that." Well, he selling that there is or do you think rather have studied this for the past eight years came back with the facts, blushing, and it will just work toward eliminating abuses have seen things happen that are frighten­ said, "I'm sorry. The man had a job. The of the system? ing, the way people misuse this very great man was married. He had just moved into Mr. McNEn.L. Mr. Fanning, I doubt if there thing that we have in this country, and that's the District from another state. We thought e.re abuses of the system. As Under Secretary credit. he was a good risk, because he was married Barr said, I think the manner in which con­ We have found, as we looked into the and had a job, so we gave him credit with­ sumer credit has developed has led to some - court cases-we looked into the personal out going through all the preliminaries that misunderstandings. I think the legislation bankruptcy cases-that personal bankrupt­ we're supposed to go through." Now, this will lead to a clarification. I do not believe cies have gone from an average of 10,000 a is bad. that this is going to lead to a marked reduc­ year in the past ten to twelve years-they've Mr. FANNING. Mr. McNeill? tion in the amount of consumer credit that is gone up to 208,000 personal bankruptcies in Mr. McNEn.L. Mr. Fanning, I'd like to com­ extended. I think it may lead to some reduc­ the last fiscal year. Now, this shows that ment on one thing that Mrs. Sulllvan said. tion during a period of adjustment. For one people are overbuying; they're buying be­ I think that we have to be careful in this thing, the consuming public is going to yond their means to pay. I don't think most area of not asking the Federal government have to realize that the whole idea that of them buy with the intention "I don't in­ to do the whole job. The area of creditors• six percent simple interest is the most that tend to pay; I'll just get it and use it and remedies, of interest rate limitations, of should be paid for credit is just not true let them repossess." usury provisions, has traditionally been a in terms of small loans, in terms of con­ Mr. FANNING. May I ask you several que.s­ matter of state law. We have many, many sumer installment credit, which are most ex­ tions in that area? state laws that vary in all parts of the coun­ pensive to handle for the lender. Therefore, Number one, is there any possibility that try. We felt originally that it would have there is going to have to be a realization there might be included in your legislation been better if the states had done an ade­ that rates, and the rate will be quoted under something that could help prevent the courts quate job in this disclosure area. They didn't this bill, and it is not an interest charge, being used as collection agencies for the do it, and Congress felt impelled to move, it is a percentage rate expressing the total sharpies? and we have a bill that, as I say, I think is finance charge; that this finance charge in Representative SULLIVAN. This is what we workable. But I think we should be careful small loans, in consumer lending, may very hope it will lead to. This has to be done, I and not expect the Federal government to well turn out to be 9, 10, 11, 12 percent. and think, by the states, in great part. But the take over the job of correcting creditors• this is not at all unreasonable. passage of Federal legislation, and Federal remedies, enacting a Federal usury statute Mr. BARR. Could I comment on that one recognition of this problem, I think, will and other provisions of this kind. point? stimulate the states to do something about it. We're very hopeful that an effort now un­ I think there are some statistics that I Because, as it is today, after a person takes der way of the Commissioners on Uniform have right here in front of me that would personal bankruptcy, as they may be advised _ State Laws for a proposed Uniform Con­ indicate this total of 100 billion is probably to do by some lawyer or someone, as they go sumer Credit Code, greatly inspired and not going to shrink. I don't think this legis­ out the court steps there are people waiting hastened by the work of Mrs. Sulllvan and lation will make much difference to the for them and telling them "We'll sign you the Congress in the disclosure area, wlll re­ American people except they're going to be up for more credit immediately," because sult in a very great improvement in this gen­ able to get better deals. these creditors know that the wages of these eral subject of creditors• remedies and lend­ At the end of 1966, we as a nation owed particular persons can be garnished, and they ing practices. each other about a trillion, five hundred can't take personal bankruptcy for another Representative SULLIVAN. I'm glad that Mr. billion dollars. Now, of this, Federal debt, seven years. So they're credit risks if they McNeill said that because some of the states state and local debts, corporate debts, run have the kind of a garnishment law under have come up with some very good laws. One six hundred blllion. Home mortgages run which the court can take all the man earns. of our witnesses last August was from the two hundred sixteen billion, etc. Excluding But they'll sign him up immediately for State of Massachusetts, where they had more credit, immediately after he completes passed a very excellent consumer credit law, the $100 billion of consumer debt, all this personal bankruptcy. adds up to a trillion, four hundred and and it was working beautifully. And it has Mr. FANNING. Is there any way of knowing twenty billion, on which there is absolutely not stymied the use of credit, but it's made who these·people are who are declaring bank­ them-made the people--a little more cog­ no confusion over interest rates. The simple rup:t;cy? What group do they come from? annual interest rate is clear to all. And that nizant of what money costs, because I think total goes up year after year, so I think the Representative SULLIVAN. They really come - we've got to impress upon the people that full knowledge of what credit really costs is from all groups. But in the cases that I per­ money is not cheap. If they want to use not going to depress the $100 billion con­ sonally have studied in the court records in someone else's money to buy the things that sumer debt either. I think we're just going the District of Columbia, we have seen many they want now, but can't afford to pay for, to have a more Intelligent American con­ of them-the poor. the uneducated-who then they're going to have to know what it sumer shopping for the credit that he needs. have been oversold, who have gotten them­ will take to pay for it. It's not cheap; but selves into debt beyond their ability to pay. Representative SULLIVAN. Mr. Fanning, I they should know, and they should have a We have seen many cases, too, where credit clear knowledge of what it costs to use your want to agree with Secretary Barr, that I was given to some person who has moved in don't believe we're going to see any lessening money to buy things that they want and from out of town, or from another state, and can't pay for. of borrowing or lessening of buying on time. as we've searched back into his files after But I think that we will possibly stop some Mr. BARR. Wally, let me bring this together he took bankruptcy in the District, we've Just a little bit. What does all this mean to of the misuse of credit that's so prevalent found there are amazing cases, and I can just today. And we have found during the hear­ the country? As a nation, one of our greatest cite one: where a man had come from Buf­ strengths since the very earliest days of the ing-- falo, New York, with $8,000 in debts over Mr. FANNING. I thlnk I used the word Republlc has been our willingness to go into his head, and immediately after he got into ·-debt, as a country, as a state, as individuals, "abuse:• the District he started buy from one of to and as businesses. This country literally has Representative SULLIVAN. Well, it's abuse, the big catalogue houses. The first thing he . but it's really misuse, because it isn't only bought was a gun, a shotgun. The next thing been in debt up to its ears from the earliest the uneducated that can't figure what they're he bought was a hi-:fl, and then he bought days of the Republic. I might mention that paying for credit; I know many inte111gent a second-hand, two-year-old Cadillac con­ Alexander Hamilton had to borrow-as I people who are buying on credit today, and vertible. - remember, it was $30,000 to pay George Wash- they say "How on earth do you ever arrive Well, as we got into it and looked through - ington his salary and the first salaries of the at the cost? We don't know." this case, we called in the gentleman who first Members of Congress. We've used debt But it is misused by the uneducated, be­ was representing one of the catalogue houses intelligently to build a great nation. We've cause they are--they are glven-=-what you and said, "Tell me, how do you run· a person's used it intelligently 'to build our educational would say. thls--- credit when they come in to you, brand new. system, to build ·most of the things we have Mr. FANNING. This come-on. to open an account?" "Oh,-we give it a very, in this- country: -The crucial thrust of this April 10, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9645 legislation, as I see rt, is that we do make month, which is 18 per cent a. year. and they But it just might be the last. available, to Americans as consumers and don't realize it. . This 1s why we fought so The assassination of Dr. Martin Luther borrowers, all the information they need, to hard to include. revolving credit on an an­ King provides no justification for this dis­ use credit intelligently. I've got a lot of faith nual rate basis, and I credit the American order. It is merely an excuse for an attack on in the American people; traditionally they've Banking- Association for helping us in this. our society. nev-er gotten themselves too deeply into debt. Because if we had let the retail group, the The time has come in America to stop what Good times or bad times, if you give them big stores, have the right to quote a monthly is taking place in our cities today. the information, they have essentially very rate and everyone else ha.d to quote an an­ The time has arrived for a stern and fear­ good sense, in the management of debt. The nual rate, there would be no basis for com­ less leadership that wlll say to one and all, only thing we're doing with this legislation parison. In the S-enate b111 they are allowed whites and blacks, young and old, men and is giving them more information so that they to do that-to use just a monthly rate. In women: We must not and we will not tolerate can make better choices. the House bill, they must quote the annual any longer this violence and this lawlessness. Mr. FANNING. Mr. Secretary, is there any rate on any loan or any item that is sold It will be put down with every means at figure that can b-e cited that would serve as for credit. our command. a limit or ceiling to which debt might go, the Mr. McNEILL. We certainly agree that if The time has come to say: Each of you­ public debt? this bill 1s to b-e effective, the basis of com­ Quiet down. Mr. BARR. No. People ask me this; I think parison has to be the sam-e for all extenders To those of you who do not, we shall deal they probably asked that of Alexander of credit, banks, other lenders and retailers with you in the harshest possible measures. Hamilton. It really gets down to the good, and others. For months now we have heard the plead­ hard sense of the American people, Wally. Mr. FANNING. Very briefly-we have less ings of the highest authorities in this land In this area of consumer credit, especially, than h:a.lf a minute--is there anything the against "senseless violence." the statistical studies that I have seen in­ public can do a.t this point? I judge l.t was There have been prayers and entreaties. dicate that-in the majority of families-it's not by popular demand that you went ahead There has been consultation. Commissions the mother who finally det-ermines just how with this legislation, because there doesn't have been appointed. Much money has been much debt the family can carry. Believe me, seem to b-e any groundswell of public opinion, spent. when they get to what she thinks is the ltmit, but can the public do a.nythlng? There has been shedding of tears and she cuts it off and cuts it off fast. Essential­ Mr. BARR. They don't need to write the wringing of hands. ly, the American people have good sense, and House, but I think there are ather memb-ers None of it has worked. that's it. of the Seruute that should be told wba.t the The time for wa111ng, e.nd praying; the time Mr. FANNING. This legislation that we're public feels about truth-in-lending. for pleas and parleys and spending of money taJking a.bout, when and if it becomes law, Representative SULLIVAN. The people is over. and in what shape it becomes law, if it's should write to their own Senators, not to This massive outbreak of lawlessness that along the present lines, do you think it's en­ any other House Member or 8-ena.tor, but threatens to topple the structure of Amer­ forceable? to their own 8-eruvtors. ica, must be halted by any and every means Mr. BARR. Yes. I don't see any real difficulty, Mr. FANNING. Thank you very much for available. especially in the House version. The Federal your discussdon of "Truth-in-Lending: Its Somewhere, somehow, someone must per­ Reserve Board, which has ha.d long exper­ Promise and Importance." form this task, now so long overdue. That it ience in this area., will draft the necessary Thanks to the Honora.ble Joseph W. Barr, has not b-een carried out is evidence enough regulations; then the Federal. agencies wm the Under Secretary of the Treasury, the today that it should have been accomplished a.dmlnlster the law in the particular segment Honorable Leonor K. Sullivan, United states long ago. of the economy that they regulate. I think it Representa.tive from Missouri, Ch&rman of It must b-e done now, at once, without Subcommttt-ee wlll not b-e difficult to enforce. As a. matter of the House on Consumer delay. What 1s happening today cannot go on. fact, these things are usually self-enforcing. Affairs, and to Mr. Charles R. McNe111, Di­ When somebody thinks he's been cheated or rector of the Washington Office of the Amer­ he's ha.d a crooked deal, he'll come in and ican Bankers A.ssoc.l.&tion. complain. That's one way this w111 b-e en- Join us next week on the Georgetown forced. · Univel'Sil.ty Forum when~ Will discUB6 "New Teachers in Politics-Toward a Stronger Representative SULLIVAN. And may I say, Towns, New Health Problems." Government Mr. Fanning, that-getting ba.ck to the limitation on what might be charged-we have not attempted in either the Senate b111 HON. CHARLES H. PERCY or the House b111 to put a ceiling on what A Time for Action OF ILLINOIS rate of interest may· be charged; no one has attempted to do that. The only thing we've IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES tried to do, as Mr. Barr said, is to give a ~ HON. WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON Wednesday, April 10, 1968 measuring stick to the individual consumer 0:1' WYOMING so that 1! they don't like the credit terms Mr. PERCY. Mr. President. this past that John Jones is giving them, they'll go IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES weekend. teachers across the country over to Paul Brown and see what he can give Wednesday, April 10, 1968 were involved in the observance of them. Teachers-in-Politics Weekend. A series As long as they all have to express, and Mr. HARRISON. Mr. Speaker, I ask of clin1cs were held to publicize the ways count in, all these additional finance charges to have printed an editorial from the and put it all under a. nominal annual per­ April 6, 1968, Cheyenne, Wyo., State and means of informed and effective po­ -centage rate for financing the item, this wlll litical participation. It is a commendable Tribune whlch deals with the violence in idea. and one which I regard as a fine give people an intelllgent way to go and our cities. shop for the product, to shop for the credit oontrtbution to the future strength of the as well as .to shop for the merchandise. In his brief and hard-hitting com­ country. Mr. FANNING. You didn't feel then-there mentary, Editor James M. Flinchum as­ Thomas Jefferson once noted: wasn't a. consensus, then, that there was any serts that the "massive outbreak of law­ need to put a ltmit on it? That government is the strongest of which lessness that threatens to topple the every man feels himself a. part. Representative SULLIVAN. Oh, we talked structure of America. must be halted by about it, but- any and every means available." To be a part of Government in this Mr. FANNING. Well, why did you discour­ Says the Tribune in a statement with Nation is to take part-to join actively age the idea? Can you tell me that? which I fully agree: in choicemaking at all levels of local, Representative SULLIVAN. Why did we dis­ State, and Federal activity; it is the courage it? We discouraged it because I don't It must be done now, at once, Without belteve we could put a hard-and-fast Fed­ delay. What Is happening today cannot go foundation upon which our freedoms eral usury law in effect. I think each state on. rest. Realizing this. responsible citizens does have some sort of a. usury law that they have always supported and campaigned apply to their own area. But I just don't The editorial follows: for their preferred candidates and issues. think it would b-e advisable to try to meet A TIME FOR ACTION Teachers. as a group, already have an every possible contingency through a. Fed­ America today 1s a. land of violence. admirable record of political involve­ eral ce111ng. It was in the origina.l ·bill, but From the Arkansas city o:r Pine Bluff, pop­ ment. Their participation in the Novem­ we took it out at my suggestion. I put in ulation 60,000, to New York, Chicago and ber 1964 elections was almost universal; a. proposed 11mit of 18 per cent a. year, be­ even to the nation's capital, this 1s the day cause I really wanted to shock the -people of the arsonist and the looter. nine out of 10 teachers went to the polls into letting them know that 18 percent was It Is not the first time our natfon has been as compared to seven out of 10 persons not an unusual amount that they paid beset by violent upheaval. But it could be of voting age in the general population. . for credit. Because e~eryone who has a re­ the last. · Furthermore. many teachers are active . volving credit. charge today, 1n any depart­ It Is not the first tim-e rioters have swept ~ 1n politics--seeking and holding office at ment store or in any catalog house. 1s pay­ through the streets of W a.shington, nor even every level of government--local, county, ing at least one ·and a. half pe!" cent per burned down buildings. State, and National. CXIV--608-Pa.rt 8 9646 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 10, 1968 Today a majority of teachers them­ So many farmers contacted me about December 11 and 19. These storms did selves believe that they should be active this that I looked into the matter and extensive damage to livestock, buildings, in political elections. Their belief is in­ found that the Fanners Home Adminis­ feed, and farm machinery. The greatest dicative of a growing awareness that our tration had approved emergency loans damage was to breeding livestock and Nation is a "Government of the people," for 96 Maine farmers in the amount of the livestock increase crop for 1968. Very and that we cannot attain the ideals we $722,160 for which checks could not be few ranchers will have any income this seek for ourselves and for future genera­ written because of inadequate funds. year from the sale of livestock increases. tions of Americans until and unless we These approved loans are in the finance Thirteen counties in Arizona and four participate fully in choosing the men who office of the Farmers Home Administra­ counties in New Mexico were designated run our country and shape its destiny. tion ready for the preparation of checks as emergency loan areas because of Thoughtful men everywhere know that if and when funds are available. these storms. education is of paramount importance I learned also that 250 additional loans Because of the unusually heavy de­ to the continued strength and vitality of in the amount of $1,911,0.50 were being mand for loans, the revolving fund's cash our country and its Government. "Brain­ processed for Maine farmers in field assets were exhausted by the middle of power" is one of our most precious assets offices of the Farmers Home Administra­ March. Since that time the Farmers for thoughtful and intelligent participa­ tion and that at least 300 more would Home Administration has been able to tion in daily life as well as political ac­ require emergency loans to continue make additional emergency loans only as tivity. The importance of reason has in­ farming. This alarmed me because it collections are received. This is not the creased enormously in recent years, be­ means that 646 farmers in Maine will season of the year for heavy collections cause the effect of technology and the be forced off the land unless additional on agricultural loans and the amount of news media on individual choice is now emergency loan funds are made avail­ emergency loan collections during the so great. The ability to see issues clearly able. remainder of this :fiscal year are not ex­ and separate fact from editorializing­ This is a bleak picture-so bleak that pected to even approach meeting the to think for oneself-is ever more critical. on my return to Washington I inquired needs of farmers and ranchers who have As members of a profession which has of the Farmers Home Administration already applied for loans. daily contact with the means and proc­ about the loan fund situation nationally. A total of 18,540 emergency loans in esses of educating, the teachers of this I was informed that emergency loans the amount of $89,483,900 had been made country are highly qualified to comment are made out of the emergency credit through March 29 of this fiscal year. At on present educational policies, and if revolving fund and that the revolving the same time the applications of 1,629 they disagree with them, to encourage fund does not receive annual appropria­ additional farmers in the amount of new policies through the exercise of their tions. Funds are loaned, collected, and $8,297,970 were pending in the finance political prerogatives. loaned again to established farmers and office of the Fanners Home Administra­ Through the active participation of ranchers who are unable to obtain credit tion awaiting adequate funds for the teachers in politics, our Nation will bene­ from other sources. preparation of loan checks. Also, the ap­ fit not only from the increased activities Presently there are 1,326 designated plications of 2,571 other farmers were be­ emergency loan counties in 39 States. ing processed in the field. These applica­ of intelligent and informed persons, but tions total $14,749,380. Farmers Home it will benefit from the example which There has been an unprecedented need for emergency loans this year. This in­ Administration field personnel estimate they set for their closest contacts-the that an additional 6,272 farmers will children of the Nation-who will be the creased need has resulted from- need emergency loans in the amount of voters of tomorrow. First. Hurricane Beulah in September $17,952,650 fo:..· this crop year. of 1967, which, with accompanying floods It is obvious that additional funds are and tornadoes, did extensive damage to urgently needed. If additional funds are buildings, land, vegetable crops, and Emergency Loans for Farm Areas not provided, approximately 10,000 livestock in 16 south Texas counties. farmers will be unable to farm this year These counties had already experienced because of a lack of credit. I think it is HON. WILLIAM D. HATHAWAY damage to the cotton crop because of a important to our national economy that OF MAINE prolonged drought. The drought and these farmers have an opportunity to other adverse weather conditions pre­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES . continue farming. Therefore, I am today vailed in 178 other Texas counties during introducing a resolution authorizing the Wednesday, April 10, 1968 1967. Commodity Credit Corporation to make Mr. HATHAWAY. Mr. Speaker, with Second. Freezing temperatures in available $30,000,000 to the Farmers so many problems confronting us today early November which did extensive Home Administration for use in making I hesitate to report ~ new emergency damage to the 1967 cotton crop in many emergency loans and to provide that the which is seriously affecting about 10,000 counties in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Commodity Credit Corporation will be farmers and ranchers. Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, reimbursed this amount plus interest out These farmers and ranchers are oper­ South Carolina, and Tennessee. The cot­ of a future appropriation to the Emer­ ating in counties which have been desig­ ton crop was practically destroyed in gency Credit Revolving Fund. I am pro­ nated as emergency loan areas by the most of these counties. Emergency loans ceeding in this manner because it is the Secretary of Agriculture to authorize the are available in 339 counties in these fastest method for making additional Farmers Home Administration to make States. funds available. emergency loans. These counties were Third. Excessive moisture and freezing The amount of $30,000,000 plus $11,- designated upon the Secretary's finding temperatures at harvest time in Illinois, 000,000 expec,ted to be collected on emer­ that natural disasters had caused a gen­ Indiana, Iowa, and Ohio which resulted gency loans during April, May, and June eral need for agricultural credit which in large volumes of soft corn and serious­ will be adequate to meet the needs I have cannot be met by other sources. ly interfered with the harvest of corn described. These farmers and ranchers are unable and soybeans. Many acres were not har­ The present need for replenishing the to obtain credit from local banks and vested. In addition, the moisture content emergency credit revolving fund has not production credit associations. They can­ of harvested corn is high and prices are been caused by loan losses. This pro­ not continue fanning without credit. greatly depressed. Emergency loans are gram was initiated on April 6, 1949. They will be forced out of business and available in 58 counties in Illinois, 76 Emergency loans have been made to ap­ off the land unless emergency loans can counties in Indiana, 40 counties in Iowa, proximately 350,000 farmers and ranch­ be made to them. The pathetic fact is and 53 counties in Ohio. ers in the total amount of $1 billion. that emergency loans cannot be IJU~.de to Fourth. Excessive moisture and freez­ Losses have been insignificant-less than them because funds are not available ing temperatures in the early fall of 1967 2 percent of the amount loaned, for this purpose. which seriously interfered with harvest­ Mr. Speaker, my proposed resolution I lean1ed this during a recent visit to ing· and damaged the quality of crops in deals with the fate of 10,000 farm fami­ Maine where many farmers told me their New England, particularly in the potato lies. ·We can make it possible for these applications for emergency loans had area of Maine. families to remain on the land by enact­ been approved but that funds for making Fifth. Heavy snowstorms which hit ing this. resolution~r we can fail to en­ these loans are exhausted. A;rizona and parts of New Mexico between act it and watch them depart into a very April 10, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9647 uncertain future. Time is of the essence something toward diminishing the wrongs The Future Belongs to Candidate Who in this matter. Loans are needed now for of past and present; nothing that we under­ this year's farming. Three weeks from take without this spirit Will succeed. Enlists National Dignity now may be late. Let the fearful crime at M~mphis and the too terrible violence 1n our streets turn us not to hatred; let thelll turn us instead toward love HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. and understanding born out of the misery OF VIRGINIA and anguish of the human condition and IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Past and Present Wounds nurtured by a hope and determination to bet­ ter the lot of all the family of man so that Wednesday, April 10, 1968 one day we may look back upon these days HON. HUGH SCOTT as the bad old times before the Nation was Mr. BYRD of Virginia. Mr. President, reborn. William S. White is one of the Nation's OF PENNSYLVANIA most distinguished and conscientious IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES columnists. His column published in the Wednesday, April 10, 1968 Moratorium on Passenger Train Washington Post of April8, discusses the need for a regeneration of our sense of Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, as this Discontinuances tragic and sorrowful week draws to a national dignity. close, I implore my fellow citizens to for­ I ask unanimous consent that it be give one another instead of indulging in HON. LEE H. HAMILTON printed in the RECORD. There being no objection, the article mutual recrimination. Each of us would OF INDIANA was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, do well to ponder the lead editorial from IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES last Sunday's Washington Post. I ask as follows: unanimous consent that it be printed in Wednesday, April 10, 1968 FuTuRE BELONGS TO CANDIDATE WHO the RECORD. Mr. HAMffiTON. Mr. Speaker, the ENLISTS NATIONAL DIGNITY There being no objection, the editorial Public Service Commission of Indiana In this springtime of crises, of violence, of was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, unanimously passed a resolution on hatred, and of horror, one thing, at least, is as follows: clear amidst the vast and menacing uncer­ March 29 of this year, calling for a halt taint~es of our days. This is that politically PAST AND PRESENT WOUNDS of train discontinuances until the impact the future will belong to that man who may Now that violence has exploded in the such discontinuances are having on wel­ most truly embody a sense of dignity, of re­ streets there are plenty of white America~ fare and safety of this country is straint, of strength, of compassion, and of a ready to blame the whole Negro community assessed. calm, firm resolve to restore to this Nation for the offenses of a small minority of loot­ I have on two occasions protested such those old and traditional values which we ing incendiaries. They have their counter­ seem so largely to have lost. part in Stokely Carniichael, who indicted the discontinuances until, at the very least, For some years now nearly all that has whole white community for the dreadful public hearings were had in the affected been fashionable has also been sick--sick crime that took the life of Dr. Martin Luther areas. Decisions are still to be handed comedians, sick students, sick politicians, King Jr. down by the Interstate Commerce Com­ sick demonstrators, and counter-demonstra­ In all great criminal matters it is impor­ mission on whether to hold hearings. I tors, sick books and periodicals and sick TV. tant to find out who is not guilty as well as trust the number of State resolutions Un-chic, indeed, have been such old-fash­ to discover who is guilty. The millions of calling for this moratorium will make ioned qualities as patriotism, loyalty, love of sober, decent, law-abiding and patriotic Ne­ clear that further discontinuances must family, respons1b111ty in private and· pu'Qlic groes of this country are not guilty of the conduct, tolerance toward other men and violence in the ghetto. And the millions of be investigated. other ideas, a decent reserve 1n life--and, yes, sober, decent, law-abiding and patriotic white I include the text of the resolution at religion, too. The truly "in" pulpits have people who have loved and respected Martin this point in the RECORD: rung not so much With man's obligations to Luth.er King did not kill him. R'ESOLUTION OF THE PuBLIC SERVICE God as with the shrill, mundane soolo-politi­ We must rise above the racial generaliza­ COMMISSION OF INDIANA cal dogmas of polltical parsons. The very tions that are the first symptoms of . racist Whereas, there have been numerous pas­ sanctuaries of noble cathedrals have been sickness and prejudice. To the racists in both senger train discontinuances of recent date; used more for bitter, nihilistic pseudo­ communities we must repeat Burke's warn­ and dramas, for wild, psychedelic so-called music ing: "You cannot indict a whole people." and the gyrations of youthnicks than for the It is easier to forgive the Negro than it is Whereas, there are numerous applications somber, measured and timeless liturgies of the white man for this kind of racism. Gen­ for discontinuance of passenger trains now our ancient faiths. erations of white discrimination and injus­ pending before the Interstate Commerce But what most of all has been lost, per­ tice have fixed in the minds of Negroes an Commission and the various state commis­ haps, is that sense of manners which 1n the image that Will not be erased until long after sions~ and heirarchy of mankind's true values stands all the manifestations of racial intolerance Whereas, the recent action of the Post Of­ next to morals themselves. It is a profound have been removed. It is no small price that fice Department has materially reduced pas­ truth, though many have never known it and a people must pay for more than a century senger revenue; and many more have forgotten it, that neither of indifference and indignity. We will have Whereas, the welfare and safety of this public nor private morality can long endure to pay it in installments that will be exacted country is being materially injured by such without that lesser but still indispensable year by year, long after white people have discontinuances; and companion which used to be called good dealt fairly and honorably with the Negro. Whereas, the Public Service Commission of taste. White people are going to have to be prepared Indiana knows of its own knowledge ac­ "Student activists" do not merely defy a for this long historical interval of probation. quired from several such applications before lawful m111tary draft, coaxed on by professors Millions of unremembered acts of hate and it and the participation in such hearings publicly advising them on schemes to evade cruelty and perversity explain this psychol­ before the Interstate Commerce Commis­ the common obligation of their generation ogy. We must not expect it to disappear, sion that such facts are true; while less privlleged boys carry the guns and even when the offenses that occasioned it are Now therefore be it resolved, that the Pub­ do the dying. They do not merely close minds gone--and they are yet far from banished. lic Service Commission of Indiana joins its and ears to every opinion save their own. The wounds from this grim past, and the sister states in appealing to Congress to call Repeatedly also they shout down and even wounds of this grim present, Will not be an immediate moratorium on all train dis­ physically menace honorable men bearing healed by the hates that have been engen­ continuances and to investigate and deter­ heavy burdens-Cabinet officers of the United dered, by dangerous generalizations that put mine the impact these discontinuances are States, no less, some bearing the scars of an forward racial concepts of guilt, that con­ J:laving on the welfare and safety of our coun­ old war against fascism-who seek to offer a demn whole racial communities in their en­ try including its national defense. contrary view. And all of this, God save the tirety. If ever they are healed it will be by This Resolution adopted by the Commis­ mark, in the universities of a Nation, which love and not by hate; by love that recognizes sion this twenty-ninth day of March, 1968. can have no reason for being save for the free individual character and scorns collective Attest: and decent exchange of ideas. blame; by affection that respects the human G. M. DEVoss, Some of us are old enough to remember the qualities that are no matter of race or ap­ Secretary. hoarse, terrifying, mindless roars of Hitler pearance; by a humanity that makes us deal PHILLIP L. BAYT, Youth; and though it is a frightful thing to mercifully with weakness, forgivingly with Chairman. have to say, it must nevertheless be said: A wrongdoing and. patiently with t},le wayward­ C. PATRICK CLANCY, thing not too dissimilar from Hitler Youth ness of all God's children. RxCHARD P . STEIN, has been abroad upon the campuses, and What we attempt 1n this spirit Will avail Commissioners.- elsewhere, in this couritry. 9648 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 10, 1968 Young students and middle-aged profes­ He offended them by failing to pander have Joined me in sponsoring the bill. sors, and young politicians and middle-aged to them, by nat fawning over them and tell­ On November 29, companion legislation, politicians, have laid ugly and largely unin­ ing them that they were the wise ones, that H.R. 14218, was introduced in the House tentional hands upon the honored concept of they had the answers, that they could guide free dissent. They have twisted and perverted us. He didn't tell them that because that and referred to the Committee on Ways rights into a license of intellectual terrorism, fact was, he was the man charged with run­ and Means. into a conscious subversion of lawful na­ ning the country, not them. In a recent editorial, Labor, a national tional purposes constitutionally arrived at. He isn't at all like Sen. Robert Kennedy. weekly newspaper representing 18 President Johnson's unexampled sacrifice Bobby tells it like it is. He tells them how unions, called for support of S. 2613. So in laying down his own career to try to heal wonderfully wise and profound they are. A that other Senators may have the bene­ this sickness, this cruel and back-biting 43-year-old father of 10 wears a kid's hair­ fit of the editorial, I ask unanimous con­ miasma of self-interest selfishly run riot, is a cut and sta.nds there saying he is part of splendid thing. But this alone will not be their generation, and they cheer him for tell­ sent that it be printed in the Extensions enough. Those who seek to replace him must ing it like it is. of Remarks. also behave as though there are matters more LBJ offended others by engaging in an "un­ There being no obJection, the editorial important than the Presidency. They too, just" war. Their collective conscience re­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, must put the Nation above all personal ambi­ belled against the "unjust" war. So they as follows: tion and all other considerations. portrayed him as the eager murderer of babies. Just how many of these conscience WOULD CURB TAX DODGING BY RICH HOBBY tormented young men are more tormented by FARMERS A Well-Deserved Tribute to Lyndon the thought of being rousted out of bed a.t Sen. Lee Metcalf (D., Mont.) has renewed 5 a.m. by a drill sergeant than by the thought a plea to the Senate to act on a bill he has B. Johnson of a burned village, we'll never know. introduced which would curb a mounting And he offended many by his lack of style practice among the wealthy of acquiring and wit, his sore-footed hound-dog oratory. farms as a device to cut their taxes. His bill, HON. CHARLES S. JOELSON So the abuse he took from all was remark­ he explained, would "provide that farming OF NEW JERSEY able. Presidents, like all politicians, have to losses incurred by persons who are not bona fide farmers may not be used to offset non­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES take abuse. It is within the rules of the game to criticize them, to spoof them, to assail farm income." Wednesday, April 10, 1968 them. As new evidence of the need for such leg­ Mr. JOELSON. Mr. Speaker, I am But there may not have been anything in islation he called the Senate's attention to a our history to compare with what has been significant article entitled "The Great Farm pleased to insert in the CONGRESSIONAL tossed at President Johnson in the last four Mystery," written by Hendrlk S. Houthakker, RECORD an article by Mike Royko. It is years. professor of economics at Harvard, who is high time that President Lyndon B. A play that says he a.rranged the murder of currently a senior staff economist with the Johnson received the credit to which he is John F. Kennedy has been a hit with the President's Council of Economic Advisers. entitled. intellectuals, and those who think they are. The article appeared in Challenge, a maga­ The article follows: A somewhat popular publication of satire zine of economic affairs. called The Realist printed something so In an example of what's going on, Houth­ There were those who screamed with a akker points out that in 1964, the last year vicious joy when President Johnson, in that obscene about him that I can't find a way to even hint at it. for which full figures are available, farmers slow, sad way of his, said he is not running in Texas had a net income of well over $800 again. High government officials were hooted down when they tried to represent the administra­ million, according to the U.S. Agriculture There were others who reacted with sullen and Commerce Departments. But on their cynicism, asking what his angle is. tion point of view on campuses, those temples of free speech. tax returns filed with the Internal Revenue The white racists said "good." The black Service, the Texas farmers told a different racists said "good." The superhawks said Every smart punk grabbed a sign and ac­ story-"they did not earn a penny; in fact "good" and the doves said "good." And most cused him of being i'n a class with Adolf they lost $60 million." of all the young said "good." The young, who Hitler or Richard Speck. The nation's nurts Why this discrepancy? One clue, Houthak­ are so sure they have the answer in Bobby vowed to come to Chicago during the con­ ker says, is to be found in tax returns from with the flowing hair. vention and turn it into anything from an the Dallas metropolitan area, which counts They were all so busy being jubilant in this outdoor orgy to a historic riot as their con­ quite a brace of millionaires. The taxpayers strong man's terrible moment that many tribution to the democratic process. there "reported a net loss of $44 million from didn't listen to the serious things he told He needed more personal protection than farming, although this area does not include them. any President in history. That can't feel very much farm land." The president of the United States told goQd. But it was necessary. We have people What has actually happened, the profes­ the people of the United States that they are who burn cities and many others who go to sor explains, is that many of the rich have so divided against themselves he dares not movies and howl with glee at the violent invested in cattle raising. Expenses incurred take part in a political campaign for fear scenes. in raising cattle, including depreciation, may that it could get even worse. If you live in a big city you see the hate be deducted from ordinary income-which in But they answered, many of them, with that threatens it. He lived in the whole coun­ the case of the Dallas nabobs who're in the one last jeer of contempt and hatred. try and looked at it all. And he couldn't see top tax bracket is taxed at 70 per cent. Thus, It figured. Unrestrained hatred has be­ a way to unite it. they can use the cattle "losses" to slash their come the dominant emotion in this splintered Maybe he wasn't the best president we tax bills--and in addition use proceeds from country. Races hate, age groups hate, poli'tl.­ might have had. the sale of breeding cattle as a "capital cal extremes hate. And when they aren't But we sure as hell aren't the best people gains,'' subject to a. tax of only 25 per cent. hating each other, they have been turning a president has ever had. Houthakker declared the same sort of tax it on L.B.J. He, more than anyone else, has finagling goes on all over the country. "The felt it. use of farm losses for tax avoidance has in­ The white racist, those profoundly ignorant creased considerably," he writes. broads who toss eggs at school buses, blamed Tax Dodging.by Rich Hobby Farmers Here, obviously, is a mounting abuse which him for the very existence of the Negro. To should not be tolerated. As Labor has re­ them he was a nigger lover. peatedly pointed out, it's unconscionable to The black separatist could find no in­ HON. LEE METCALF continue such tax loopholes at a time when sult too vile to be used on him. To them American lives are being sacrificed and bil­ he is a white racist. That he launched some OF MONTANA lions of dollars being spent to wage the war of the most ambitious civil rights legislation IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES in Vietnam. in the nation's history means nothing in a time when black scholars say Abe Lincoln Wednesday, April 10, 1968 was the worst kind of bigot. Mr. METCALF. Mr. President, on No­ The super-hawks complained that he vember 1, I introduced S. 2613, a bill to The "Pueblo": How Long, Mr. President 1 wasn't kllling the VC fast enough. amend the Internal Revenue Code of The doves portrayed him as engaging in 1954, to provide that farming losses in­ HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE war almost for the fun of it. curred by persons who are not bona fide And the young, that very special group, OF IOWA farmers may not be used to offset non­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES was offended by him in so many, many ways. farm income. The Senator from Idaho For one thing, he was old. They might have Wednesday, April 10, 1968 forgiven him that if he had at least acted_ [Mr. CHURCH], the Senator from Wyo­ young. But he acted like a harassed, tremen­ ming [Mr. McGEE], the Senator from Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, this is dously busy, impatient man with an enor­ South Dakota [Mr. McGovERN], and the the 79th day. the U.S.S. Pueblo and her mous responsib111ty. Just like their old man. Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. NELSON] crew have been in North Korean hands. April 1 o, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9649 UTEP's Dr. Ray Stepping Down in political science over the past several that live iii the- smaller communities of years. the Midwest. Nevertheless, his observa­ Chancellor Ransom made the following tions are cogent to the overall national HON. RALPH YARBOROUGH statement on Dr. Ray's decision: "The Unr­ versity of Texas at El Paso has changed problem. OF TEXAS much more than its name during the presi­ The remarks of Dr. Knowles follow: IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES dency of Dr. Joseph Ray. Academic stand­ REMARKS OF DR. ROY C. KNOWLES, FROM Wednesday, April 10, 1968 ards have been raised, faculty recruitment SIOUX FALLS, S. DAK., AT THE 28TH ANNUAL fortified, the plant expanded, libraries and CONVENTION OF THE NATIONAL SCHOOL Mr. YARBOROUGH. Mr. President, laboratories improved, and international ac­ BOARDS ASSOCIATION, DETROIT, MICH., Dr. Joseph M. Ray, the president of one tivities strengthened. The Benedict Profes­ MARCH 31-APRIL 1, 1968 of the fastest-growing universities of sorships, the rejuvenated Excellence Program, This presentation will be made out of my Texas and an academician in the highest and the founding of an advisory council all own experience rather than a survey of the tradition, is stepping down from his exec­ came during this period of significant prog­ programs now ongoing throughout the ress. United States; nor will it be an attempt to utive position. The loss is a great one, "Most notable, perhaps, are the strong lessened only because Dr. Ray has illuminate the theories behind such pro­ votes of confidence given the University at grams. elected to continue as a professor at the El Paso by accrediting groups made up of Always and always we find olll"Selves ·get­ University of Texas at El Paso. rigorous academic critics from institutions ting into battles with the words we use. If Dr. Ray came to what was then known outside Texas. we take the title, "Educating the Disadvan­ as Texas Western College in El Paso "All these accomplishments are now his­ tory, and truly historic in the future pros­ taged," and take the directing statement nearly 8 years ago. It was a developing which is printed under the title 1n our pro­ pect of a steadily improving university. gram, "Differences in the Social and Eco­ school then that was famous for its min­ "Both the Regents and the Central Admin­ ing engineering programs, but not so ac­ istration, recognizing President Ray's earlier nomic Backgrounds of Children 1s Recog­ claimed in many other departments. At leadership, now confidently expect him to nized as a Major Cause of Differences in Edu­ that time TWC had about 4,000 students. continue contributions to the University of cational Attainment," we immediately get Today, with a new name-the Univer­ Texas. His research in his specialty, public what appears to be a clear directive and administration, has been both varied and clear definition. sity of Texas at El Paso-UTEP-this It should now be easy to restrict ourselves growing school is one of the bright spots generally recognized. As Benedict Professor, in both scholarship and teaching, he can be to a discussion of the slum as opposed to Nob on the panorama of higher education in expected to make a record equal to that Hill and we should be able to deflne or desig­ Texas. Dr. Ray's leadership has con­ which he has attained in administration." nate clear cut evidences of educational ad­ tributed much to that ascent, while In the summing up, Dr. Ray told the fac­ vantages acoruing to the children who come UTEP has now grown to full university ulty gathering, "I take great pride in the out of one economic level of soclety as op­ status, with an enrollment of more than progress that has been made at The Univer­ posed to the other. 8,000 and with a faculty that is energetic sity of Texas at El Paso in the eight years SOME COMPARISONS and proud of their institution. I have been here. In all the areas of the Uni­ One may say that it has already been es­ I ask unanimous consent to have versity's program, in quality of faculty, in tablished that those children who come out the selective admission of students, in the of homes which are disadvantaged socially printed in the Extensions of Remarks an expansion of academic programs and grad­ article entitled "Dr. Ray Steps Down,'' and economically are disadvantaged educa­ uate offerings, in the. library growth, in plant tionally as they are compared with their age from the winter, 1968, issue of NOVA, expansion, in our thrust toward Latin Amer­ a magazine published by the News and peers from the right side of the tracks or ica, in reorganizing the administrative estab­ from higher up on the hill. Information Service at the University of lishment with new departments and new Texas at El Paso. schools, in athletic prowess, in the Excellence I think we can accept this kind of state­ Program, in academic quality in general, in ment as a generality, but it seems to me it There being no objection, the article should be accepted only as a generality. If was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, the influx of students from outside our im­ mediate region, we have changed from a it is accepted as an absolute, then there as follows: small regional college to a great state uni­ will be children who will become education­ DR. RAY STEPS DOWN versity. In 1960 I would have been reluctant ally disadvantaged because they are forced "The burdens of the otnce of the President, to accept a position on the faculty of Texas into the mold of being considered advan­ with its tensions and pressures, have become Western College. I now by my own request taged or expected to be advantaged by their increasingly onerous for me. I have many in 1968 move with high pride to a position on social status when indeed they are not, and times recently reflected on the halcyon days the faculty of The University of Texas at El there will be children who are disadvantaged when I was a professor with no administra­ Paso, resolved as best I can to continue to educationally because we expect them to be. tive duties." contribute to the quality of our splendid Many of our fine, Jewish leaders came out With these words, Dr. Joseph M. Ray, University." of ghettos as. dark and dingy and rat-infested U.T. El Paso President sinoe August 15, 1960, A standing ovation from his faculty audi­ and hopeless as the Harlems of our large announced to a -hushed gathering of faculty ence attested to the fact that everyone has cities or as our middle western Indian reser­ members his impending retirement as presi­ understood and felt the impact of the in­ vations. They were beset by ethnic-based dent of The University of Texas at El Paso, stitution's historic progress during the ten­ prejudice as intense as is color-based preju­ effective September 1, 1968. ure of office of President Joseph M. Ray. dice, but someone refused to accept the im­ The announcement by Dr. Ray plus a state­ plied disadvantage. ment from Chancellor Harry Ransom of The There is an educational film concerning University of Texas System were read Feb­ the migrant workers in the New Jersey straw­ ruary 14 to the completely astonished faculty Educating the Disadvantaged berry and potato harvesting. In this film a membership in Magoffin Auditorium. man, intent on reforming a bad situation, "I have never borne a title of which I was recognizes that the Polish farmers who now prouder that I am of that of professor." Dr. own the farms take a terrible advantage over HON. BEN REIFEL the colored workers, just as their predecessors Ray continued. "I have never surrendered it OF SOUTH DAKOTA during the years when I had the administra­ took advantage of them when they were the tive titles of dean and president. I am now IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES workers in the same fields. sixty years old and weary of the exacting re­ Wednesday, April 10, 1968 Some of these Polish migrant workers fell quirements of the presidency of such a under their disadvantage and some rose. Not rapidly burgeoning university. I think I have Mr. REIFEL. Mr. Speaker, one of the all succumb and we must be wary lest we earned the privilege of devoting the remain­ most constructive contributions to the force them to succumb to prove our own der of my productive career to the line of recent annual convention of the Na­ point. work I much prefer. I am convinced that in tional School Boards Association came GENERAL APPROACH DANGEROUS that work I would be happier and would from Dr. Roy C. Knowles, of Sioux Falls, I make the preceding statement only to have a longer life expectancy." suggest that as communities look at the ter­ Dr. Ray said he made his request to be S.Dak. rible problems that beset them in the matter relieved of administrative duties to Chan­ Dr. Knowles is one of the State's lead­ of ·educating the socially and economically cellor Ransom and through him the Board ing physicians and an active member of disadvantaged child, they not destroy some of Regents which approved the request at the Sioux Falls Board of Education. children in the name of helping the general- the San Antonio meeting January 26-27. In these times when much of the riot­ ized mass of children. : On September 1, Dr. Ray will become H. ing and civil unrest can be traced di­ There are parents among the disadvan­ Y. Benedict Professor of Political Science and rectly to . the lack of educational oppor­ taged who do read to their children and who President Emeritus of the University. For the do encourage their children to read; who do first semester of 1968-69, Dr. Ray will take tunities for disadvantaged families, his dream with their children and encourage a semester of Faculty Development Leave for words carry particular meaning. their children to dream; who do seek moun­ reading and study to bring himself abreast His remarks are addressed specifically tains with their children and encourage their of the developments that have taken place to the type of disadvantaged children children to climb these mountains. 9650 -- EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 10, 1968 There are parents among the socially and mother and draw her urine since she is in­ BUSING STUDENTS economically advantaged who do not read capacitated. The father must work; the We have found that children from two of with their children; who do not dream with mother must be taken care of and therefore, our school areas are educationally well below their children; who do not seek mountains the child must not be allowed to go out and the average as measured by the standardizing with their children. play or to go to school because he must tend test used by us-the Iowa test of basic skills. The former should not be disadvantaged to his mother. Not one child reached above the 25 per­ by being squeezed into a program for people Though we may be able to see the individ­ centile. Since we are forced by circumstances who are "disadvantaged." The latter should ual tree in our particular forest, I cannot say to go into extensive busing, we will try to use not be disadvantaged by being denied access that we build programs any more promising this opportunity to bus many of these chil­ to a program for the "disadvantaged." than those produced in the areas where the dren to other schools so they may receive THE MIDWESTERN PROBLEM forest must be taken care of and the indi­ the stimulation from more highly educa­ vidual trees must find for themselves. Perhaps it is well that there is a repre­ tionally excited peers. We are just beginning. sentative on this panel who comes from a SOUTH DAKOTA PROGRAMS Since this is a rural and farm state, the modest-size city in a small midwestern state. In our area we do have the typical Head federal grants for survey and· research may This city is not beset by problems of ghetto Start programs. The teachers are convinced someday be fruitful in defining the special or slum or race or creed, nor, on the other that as these children enter kindergarten problems of the disadvantaged who live in hand, by great wealth or superior station. and first grade they are readier than were scattered and thinly populated areas. This does not make us unaware of the their brothers and sisters who did not have The state is divided into districts under terrible problems of the large cities :tor, in­ Head Start. Title III as are other states. The fiscally re­ deed, lt is not far to Minneapolis, Omaha, We have an unusually fine crippled chil­ sponsible agency of the Southeastern South Kansas Clty, Denver. Also, we are not far dren's hospital and school. This takes Dakota District is the Sioux Falls school dis­ from the shame which is the reservation. crippled children of all colors, all economic trict. Also, we are not far from other modest cities and social backgrounds. Though we will probably never have the which do have large, disadvantaged, Indian · Technically, it does not provide for the violence and the immediate urgency now populations. psychological needs of the emotional dis­ being experienced by large, urban areas, we Perhaps it is because we are not beset by turbances attendant upon crippllng, but, in may find that though the problems are m86Sive problems and overwhelming prob­ actual fact, because the school is small and different, they are equally as difilcult as we lems that I tend to view this subject more individual oriented, the needs of the children try to find ways of providing educational specifically rather than generally. If we have are intuitively or accidentally met in a large opportunities for the isolated, socially and a problem concerning governmental financ­ percentage of the patients. This program is economically disadvantaged child. ing and programming, it may be because we state and locally supported. are beset by a conservatism-a political con­ We have one of the original and model servatism. comprehensive facilities for aiding the high We also do not have large, money-produc­ school drop-out. This. program is intensive, Paterson, N.J., America's First Industrial ing industry and, therefore, state-level pro­ highly personalized and permits a wide grams are very limited and are almost com­ range ~f vocational exploration with sub­ Community pletely a matter of dispensing federal funds sequent foll,ow-up through the Division of which have been assigned to the states. Vocational Rehab111tation. TYPES OF DISADVANTAGE This comprehensive facility is a function HON. CLIFFORD P. CASE of the Board of Education, but it is financed OF NEW JERSEY Out of this particular background my look through federal monies and the later voca­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES at the subject of educating the disadvan­ tional rehab111tation efforts are financed by taged is, therefore, inclined to include all federal monies. This program serves a hard Wednesday, April 10, 1968 kinds of disadvantage. core group of misfits who have come out of The retarded child is disadvantaged; the socially and economically deprived back­ Mr. CASE. Mr. President, we in New socially maladjusted child is disadvantaged; grounds, although this cannot be considered Jersey have long been proud that Amer­ the emotionally disturbed child is disadvan­ an exclusive statement. ica's first industrial community was taged; the crippled child is disadvantaged Local, state and Board of Education funds established in Paterson. and children marked by ethnic or skin pig­ The story of this city, beginning with mentation differences from the larger group go into a reasonably extensive program for are disadvantaged. the retarded child. These programs definitely the incorporation of the Society for the We can weave a more complicated web by cut across all levels of social and economic Establishing of Useful Manufactures in indicating that generally speaking the re­ privilege. 1791, is a fascinating one. Recently, Dr. tarded child, being different, is also emo­ MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM D. Stanton Hammond, an outstanding tionally disturbed and, therefore, even more Staying with the general approach of indi­ historian in Paterson and curator of the socially, economically and educationally dis­ vidual case finding and individual care, the Passaic County Historical Society, told advantaged. So, too, with the crippled child local mental health center provides corrective the story in a series of articles published and any other child who is set off from his educational, as well as corrective psychologi­ by the Paterson News. In the belief that peers. cal, experiences to children who come to the others outside our State will find this I rebel against myopic programs which, attention of the mental health center largely seeing only one aspect o:t a problem, pour through the schools because the children are series of interest, I ask Wlanimous con­ money into an area to raise the economic performing poorly. sent that the articles be printed in the base and thus promise to cure the evils. Again, this program cuts across all social RECORD. However, though I rebel against such gen­ levels, but it does point out to us that within There being no objection, the articles eralized, non-specific, mass attacks against the group we are considering, the socially and were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, a wide range of problems lumped together economically disadvantaged, there are those as follows: under our title, I do recognize that when a who must be given a primary label or emo­ PATERSON'S CHARACTER FixED IN 1791 WHEN community or a state is faced with over­ tional illness rather than the generalized GOVERNOR SIGNED S.U.M. LAw whelming problems, it must use heroic, if label of having come from a slum or ghetto sometimes clumsy and sometimes· damaging, or a large mass of underprivileged and dis­ (By Dr. D. S. Hammond) methods. advantaged. (First of a series) SPECIAL CASES CITED This program is funded at all governmental The place and s·ta.ture of Paterson, both Our state and our community is small and charitable levels up to state government. in the state and in the nation, were set for enough that we can point to isolated and From time to time it has been the recipient all time on Nov. 22, 1791. individual cases of specific kinds of dis­ of special federal projects grants supporting This was determined when William Pat­ advantage. Take, for example, the instance studies which are similar to many which erson, then Governor of New Jersey, signed of a welfare worker presenting to a meeting have been reported from other parts of the the Legislature's bill incorporating the So­ of the county commission the case of an country. · · ciety for the Establishing of Useful Manu­ infant Indian child with pneumonia who The educational efforts at the mental factures. Fa.zntliarly and alphabeticanr badly needs to be in a hospital and listen to health center have varied through the past known as the S.U.M., it existed until 1945 one of the county commissioners as he says, twelve years from the use of unskilled when it was swallowed by the city that grew "I won't spend a dime on a damn Indian I" therapists who taught as the kids caught up out of the town the S.U.M. itself had Take the instance of a child who is a poor fire, through the use of certified teachers in created. reader and generally a poor student in the two classrooms of four to six children each, Let us trace Paterson's birth and growth fifth grade in school and hear his mother and now to the use of one teacher and one as the National Manufactory which the Sec­ ask a teacher, "Do you suppose I ought to nurse and four college students using two retarY of the Treasury of the then infant buy him a book of his own now?" This came classrooms and an informal play situation. United States of America planned and pro­ out of a middle-class family. Grades are not considered. Parent partici­ vided for. The unique position Alexander Take the instance of a child chained to a pation is required. Some children have moved Hamilton had in mind for Pawson was that stove in the middle of a room so that he two academic years in one semester. Some it should be the focus of national Amer­ can be handy to pass a catheter into his have failed or we have. ican attention on manufacturing, to rid the April 10, 1968- EXTENSIONS-OF REMARKS 9651 13 states of European d-omination in that January, 1792. It was reported that 6,299 University under editorship of 'Prof. ·syrett line of the national e<:Dnomy. With bound­ shares of the capital stock, limited by the since 1955, now in 13 volumes. This report less possibilities in the way of national re­ charter of Nov. 22, 1791, to 10,000 shares at uses the series from Vol. VI of 1789 to Vol­ sources, easy water transportation for com­ $100 a share, had-been subscribed. An original ume XIII, to February, 1793. merce and the ending of the wars in Amer­ printed form of the S.U.M. prospectus and ica, only this European strangulation im­ subscription list is in the vault of the ~assaic PATERSON'S STORY LINKED TO .ALEXANDER peded "full speed ahead." County Historical Society at Lambert's HAMILTON'S To retrace the history in }>TOving Pater­ Castle. Among the subscribers listed are the (By Dr. D. Stanton Hammond) son's right to be considered the foundation following: (Second of a series) on the national level of American manufac­ Elias Boudinot, 100 shares; Judge Elisha turing, let us "look at the record," for this Boudinot, 50; Dr. Burnett, 20; Gen. John N. To start this complicated journey step by properly is a cause in the legal sense, and Cumming, 50; Elias and Jonathan Dayton, step through the records, Alexander Hamil­ the preponderance of fa.cts as evidence. 10 each; Abijah Hammond, 40; Gen. Henry ton's progress as secretary of tbe treasury After the American Revolution was over Knox, 40; Nicholas Low, 64; Henry Living­ from 1789 will be followed. Mainly by Hamil­ (practically in 1781) the 13 Colonies loosely ston, 120; Archibald Mercer, 50; John Pintard, ton's skillful exposition and management, collaborated in a confederation called the 100; James Parker, 60; Richard Stockton, 82, Congress was persuaded to assume the several United States of America. Napoleon's at­ and the State of New Jersey, 100. states' Revolutionary War debts. This Hamil­ tributed appraisal of the so-called Holy The S.U .M. stockholders were among the ton calculated to be $2¥2 million, cos-ting in Roman Empire as "neither holy, Roman nor biggest men in the New York and Philadel­ annual interest the then staggering sum of an empire," would well be paralleled here. phia areas, as well as wealthy merchants $826,624.73, at the then very reasonable aver­ This is because the American states were from Amsterdam and other cities of Holland. age rate of a little less than 4 per cent. individually and internally weak and yet Congressman Elias and Judge Elijah Bou­ To pay for this and for debt retirement, kept up constant bickering with each other. dinot, General Cummings, Elias and Con­ Hamilton planned for revenue to be raised by taxes on hard liquors. He devised an import EUROPE KEPT ALOOF gressman Jonathan Dayton, Gen. Knox, Con­ gressmen Livingston, Stockton and Col. John tax on an estimated 10 million gallons at Fortunately for them, most of Europe at Neilson were important figures in the Revo­ specific rates from 8 to 11 cents a gallon, that time was involved in the several mon­ lutionary War. which he predicted would produce nearly $1 archical wars, so America was largely left Craigie, Abijah Hammond, Nicolas Low, million a year. to its own devices. Most fortunately, too, the This envisioned a per capita llh gallon close of the 18th century produced a gen­ Le Roy, McConnel, Macomb, Mercer and Troup were merchants and speculators in a consumption annually, which probably was eration of mental giants who could rise big way in New York and Philadelphia (until the case in our 18th century population of above self and bickering. a sad denouement in the N.Y. panic of 1792). four million. It originated our liquor -con­ So the U.S. Constitution of 1787 emerged, Hamilton's own family in-laws came from sumption taxing, which was not altogether a a new united nation was born and a suitably welcome plan, as the Pennsylvania Whiskey efficient government was set up by .1789, his marriage to Elizabeth, daughter of Gen. and Congressman Philip John Schuyler. She Rebellion of 1794 evidenced. headed by the First President of the United was the close friend of Lady Kitty, daugh­ As a sidelight, Hamilton was arguing the States of America. George Washington was modern theory of taxes on use and consump­ the first president of a united country, and ter of Gen. Sterling and the wife of Congress­ man William Duer. tion in order to ease the taxes on land and he had the successful support of most of the personalty. The extant lists of "Tax Ratables" better brains of that generation. So far, the stage has been set for the in Acquackanonk Township of Essex County Washington, under his constitutional au­ opening scene of the dramatic production of (now Passaic County) for 1779 show that thority and with the consent of the Senate, one man's dream, the establishment of "The land, horses, cattle, slaves and bachelors tax set up his cabinet by naming some of the National Manufactory." Now, the record must supported almost the entire governmental best of those brains. In this cabinet we find be examined to explain the significance of establishment. · · the stage set for this drama. Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of the Treas­ MANUFACTURING REPORT ury, laying out the U.S. finances mainly, but With Alexander Hamllton's appointment extending his department's infiuence into as Secretary of the Treasury by President On Jan. 15, 1790, the House of Representa­ fields not assigned to any of the then five Washington on Sept. 11, 1789, he was the tives called for a report on national manu­ cabinet officers. first appointed Cabinet officer of the United facturers as urged in President 'Washington's In January, 1790, a resolution adopted by States, preceding Gen. Henry Knox as Secre­ State of the Union address. By the month of the House of Representatives called on the tary of War by one day. June, Hamilton had sent Treasury circulars Secretary of the Treasury to report on the Hamil ton was born in the West Indies and to some of his customs collectors. The cir­ need for manufactures in the United States. was not eligible to election to the Presidency. cular received by Benjamin Lincoln at Boston After careful study and deliberation. Hamil­ Coming to New York in 1T72 as a boy for listed Hamilton's request for local informa­ ton on Dec. 5, 1791, presented to the Congress education at what is now Columbia Univer­ tion on manufacturing. At this time, busy his famous Report on Manufactures. sity, he joined the Continental Army in New Hamilton was preparing a government report on a National Bank, then helped to incorpo­ This masterful document alone would mark York as a captain of artillery. From 1777 to the end of the Revolutionary War he served rate the Bank of the United States with the Hamilton as an economic and financial Philadelphia Biddies. genius. He laid out in crystal clear fashion George Washington as aide de camp and was the course our country should chart to active in all campaigns to the final siege of In January, 1791, Hamilton prepared a re­ achieve freedom from all European or any Yorktown. port on the establishment of the Mint for the other domination through the "establishing After the Revolution, with admission to the issuance of the new coinage. It is interesting of useful manufactures." While not divulging bar in New York, he served in the Conti­ to note that the law of Apr. 2, 1792, called for all of his own ideas and operations, the hint nental Congress from 1782 on, playing a vital minting of half cents and cents in copper, the was there of practical application of his own role in the Philadelphia Constitutional Con­ half dime, dime, quarter, half and dollar in vention of 1787 and in the New York State silver and the $10 or eagle, the half eagle and plans for national manufacturing. This is in­ quarter eagle in gold. This is our present U.S. disputably chronicled in the minutes of the Convention of 1788. After Washington's ap­ directors of the S.U.M. at their meeting in pointment he served in the Treasury post coinage with the withdrawal of the half cent, New Brunswick on Dec. 9, 1791. from 1789 to 1795, retiring to practice law up half dime and all gold denominations. Hamil­ to the time of his untimely demise in 1804. ton's work very evidently made for perform­ TWO HAMU.TON CONTRACTS This thumbnail biography depicts no ordi­ ance. In proof of this, the minutes record two nary man, but one who could crowd so much In April, 1791, Hamilton in Philadelphia contracts prepared by Hamilton as "agent of of action in his short 47 years. had correspondence with William Duer in the society." The first, dated Aug. 17, 1791, To be certain that. there is solid substan­ New York, in which his first plan for a manu­ was a contract with Thomas Marshall to be tiation of this report concerning Hamilton f~turing society was unfolded. Duer ac­ superintendent of a proposed cottqn mill. and his "National Manufactory" project, ref­ cepted the idea enthusiastica-lly and moved Marshall's name stm appears on the city's erence is to be had to the following primary to interest Theophila Cazenove, an Amster­ street signs. The second contract dated Aug. sources: · dam entrepreneur and representative of four 20, 1791, was with William Hall to be super­ -The original minutes of the directors of large financial houses in Holland. Cazenove intendent of cotton printing, with Joseph the S.U.M., 1791-1928, Vol. 1, a 471-page did later get these Dutch houses to subscribe Mort as his assistant. Note-there was no manuscript quarto volume recently and for $25,000 in S.U.M. stock and to set up in legal corporation until Nov. 22, 1791. beautifully rebound by order of Mayor Law­ 1794 the Holland Land Co., that bought -and The Society' for Establishing Useful Manu­ rence F. Kramer. This was a much needed developed the western half of the present factures (S.U.M.) became a legal corpora­ step for the preservation of this primary state of New York. tion Nov. 22, 1791, by an act of the New source of Paterson .history. WROTE TO L'ENF.ANT Jersey Legislature. -The voluminous S.U.M. papers lodged in Hamilton was also writing 1n 1791 from Treasury Secretary Hamilton and his as­ the vaults of the Passaic County Historical Philadelphia to Maj. Charles Pierre L,Enfant sociates then proceeded to step up the busi­ Society in Lambert's Castle, as well as much at Georgetown, Md., who was then e-ngaged ness of organization. more documentary material in the Paterson in planning for the "Federal City" on the His clients, his comrades in the Revolution. City Hall. banks of the Potomac in ~aryland and Vir­ his r_elativef! by _marriage, ·and his busines~ -The "Collected Papers of Alexander ginia. L'Enfant was well known to Hamilton frlends quickly subscribed for the stock by Hamilton" being published by Columbia because of their association Jn tbe -continen- 9652 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 10, 1968 tal Army during the Revolution. L'Enfant 1787, with some cotton manufacturing since Derbyshire, after the death of his father had exceptional engineering vision and abil­ 1788 and later bar iron manufacturing. and the expiration of his cotton spinning ap­ ity and had been chosen for this task by Amasa Learned of New London on Sept. 14 prenticeship in Aug. 1789, under Jedediah President Washington to work under a com­ reported boat building, saddlery and tanning. Strutt. Strutt was a partner with Sir Rich­ mittee he appointed, consisting of Thomas James Davenport of Stamford on Sept. 16 ard Arkwright. Jefferson, Secretary of State; Congressman reported that llnen and sailcloth manu­ Samuel, then 21, left London Sept. 13, ar­ Daniel Carroll of Maryland and David Stew­ facturing were started in 1789 by John Wil­ rived in New York City Nov. 18, a 66-day art o! Virginia. lian Holly. Roger Newberry of Windsor on the trip, got a New York City weaving job, heard But L'Enfant's grand layout for our Wash­ same day reported manufacture of woolens, about Moses Brown's Rhode Island factory ington capital had to be carried out by oth­ linen, axes, nails, etc. and on Dec. 2, 1789, wrote his letter of ap­ ers, since L'Enfant could not subject himself Alexander King of Suffield on Sept. 12, plication to Moses Brown, stating his Ark­ to serve under the committee and was dis­ 1791, reported larg~ woolen business in 1788, wright training. On Dec. 10, Brown answered, missed in short order (Feb. 26, 1792) at Presi­ the location of a water power trip hammer accepting promptly. Slater, through contact dent Washington's command. It is interesting for iron plates, with blacksmith, nail mill, with his informant, packet Capt. Curry, to note that because of the dismissal L'En­ and axes and potash manufacturing. He said sailing between New York and Providence, !ant was available for Hamilton's use in the 300,000 feet of planks were produced on the arrived in Rhode Island about New Year's SUM engineering in August 1792. west bank of the Connecticut River. Day, 1790. On June 22, 1791, Hamilton sent out the On and on reports came from Farmington, During January Slater went with Brown to before mentioned Treasury Department cir­ Southington, Middletown, Killingworth, his Pawtucket h111, examined the machinery cular to all the Customs Officers seeking in­ Lebanon, Mansfield, New Haven (four let­ and declared repairs to it to be a useless formation on the amount and character of ters), in September and October, 1791, mak­ waste. Slater with David Wilkinson, later local manufacturing in the various states. A ing an astonishing array of small but effec­ his brother-in-law, got Brown's consent to single copy seems the only survivor-the cir­ tive establishments. work together practically in secret to make culM received by John Dexter, collector for Hamilton also had traveling friends who Arkwright models. By Dec. 20, 1790, they had Rhode Island, now preserved by the Rhode touted his plans about the country. A letter a measure of successful spinning that pro­ Island Historical Society in Providence. from Nathaniel Hazard, Oct. 11, 1791, stated, duced more spun yarn than all their hand­ ..I go to Connecticut to attend the assembly loom weavers could use. PICTURE OF DAWNING U.S. INDUSTRY Is SHOWN with friend William Maxwell (a New York It was not until July 12, 1793, that Moses IN REPLIEs TO HAMILTON City merchant). I w1ll press turnpike roads Brown's firm, Almy and Brown, fl.nished the (By D. Stanton Hammond) and national manufactury in Jersey upon "New Mill" on the west side of the Black­ (Third of a series) my Connecticut acquaintances." The reader stone River in what is now Pawtucket, and should note that Hazard was working the successfully conducted complete cotton The responses to Alexander Hamilton's manufactury idea for New Jersey nearly 10 questionnaire to customs officers were many manufacturing. This "New Mlll" 1s now months before Paterson was founded. known as the "Old Slater Mill," still stand­ and even voluminous. Hamilton had received Letters dated Oct. 13, 1791, came also from the lnltlal reply to his letter of Jan. 25, 1790, ing and maintained today as a historical to Benjamin Lincoln, then the customs col­ Massachusetts bearing reports of Nathaniel mill museum by an association set up by the lector at Boston, who answered Hamilton on Gorham, the supervisor for revenue in Massa­ National Association of Cotton Manufactur­ May 25, giving a sketchy overview of local chusetts, on manufacturing in that state. ers. manufacturing. With this st&l't, the 1791 Hamilton also heard from Thomas Lowrey, White's biography of Samuel Slater on circular called !or complete compilation of U.S. marshal in New Jersey, on Oct. 14, 1791, pages 72 and 73 oonfl.rms the early dates of the !acts. In Vol. IX o! the Columbia series, from Alexandria, the present borough o! Slater's American itinerary. Reverting to st8l'tlng at page 319, the succeeding 200 Frenchtown, on the Delaware River. He wrote Moses Brown's letter to Hamilton, he wrote pages are replete with these answering re­ suggesting good mill sites on that river to lo­ that from 1789 to date his mill wove 515 ports. cate the national manufactury, 20 to 40 pieces, over 12,000 yards in all. On July 21, 1791, came the Connecticut miles above the falls at Trenton. The next report !rom John Chester of Hartford, who day, Oct. 15, Lowrey wrote a second letter How MANUFACTURING GREW IN UNITED STATES had been selected by Peter Colt to conduct extending the site area ••from the mouth of FOLLOWING REVOLUTION the state's survey on manufacturing. Peter the Musconetcong River to Trenton." The (By Dr. D. Stanton Hammond) Colt at that time was a veteran of the revolu­ Riegel Paper MUla are now on the Musconet­ cong. (Fourth of a series) tion, the treasurer of the state of Connecticut Shortly after the Revolution was over, and an important citizen. A member of an Charles Coxe, living on his vast estate on original colonial family, he was destined to the Raritan River in Hunterdon County, of­ Thomas Digges, a citizen of Maryland, ap­ bring about tremendous changes in Amer­ fered his "Sidney Farm" of a thousand acres peared to be interested in business specula­ ican history in guns, land, manufacturing with a map showing many mill sites from tion but was actually inveigling .. skllled and government. present Clinton, past Flemington on the workmen-artists" (meaning mechanics or artisans) to elude the stringent English laws A complete digest of the answers would run Raritan, Coxe was the great-grandson of the original Dr. Daniel Coxe, physician to the prohibiting their emigration to America. In on tediously, but enough must be included t:..·a veling in Sootland and Ireland, he met to give a !air picture of manufacturing con­ queen and owner of much West Jersey prop­ erty. many prospects to whom, 1! willing to emi­ ditions in the 1790's in the U.S. Colt re­ grate, he would give letters o! introduction ported that Connecticut had granted a lot­ John Halstead of Perth Amboy wrote he tery in May, 1787, to promote manufacturing had 400 acres available, as shown on an in­ to his American associates. of woolen goods and Ellsha Colt (Peter's rel­ cluded map dated Oct. 31, 1791. The most So it was that in July, 1791, Thomas Mar­ ative) wrote Chester on Aug. 20 that the intriguing report, however, was sent to shall arrived in New York from England, lottery had netted 900 pounds which were Hamilton by John Dexter, his Rhode Island looking for a Hamilton eontact. Marshall had added to the 2,800 pounds already invested supervisor of revenues. This was a letter to been Sir Richard Arkwright's superintendent in the business. Dexter from Moses Brown of Providence, from 1786 to 1790 and claimed he could set Elisha noted the carping jealousy o! the R.I., dated Oct. 15, 1791, and giving a long, up the whole cotton business. Another Eng­ British factors, as agents in Connecticut, full report of Brown's manufacturing activi­ lishman obtained by Hamilton was Wllliam trying to prevent manufacturing by dis­ ties in Rhode Island from 1789 to date. Hall. allowing machinery importation. Their suc­ This letter is of vital importance in the Pat­ The two contacts earlier mentioned in this cess stifled American manufacturing, he erson-Slaters mill discussion about the foun­ series put them to work at once. On Aug. 29, said, hence "we try to make our own ma­ dation of American manufacturing. A short 1791, Hall wrote Hamilton in Philadelphia chines." Ellsha described the machines as synopsis, follows: that he had explored the Delaware River for a "willow" a "scribbler" and a "burler," Brown asked Dexter to lay his letter be­ Hamilton for 94 miles as far north as the adaptations of the spinning wheels and fore Alexander Hamilton." Then he men­ Pequest River for m111 sites, and that he had looms then in most of the citizens' homes. tioned the whale oil manufacturers in Rhode found none satisfactory on the Raritan However, Elisha reported that "since our Island. He stated that in the spring of 1789 River. commencement in the summer of 1788, there he had two Scots, Joseph Alexander and "BEST PLACE'' has been worked up 20,000 pounds of wool James MacKerries, working on machines on In September Hall went to the Passaic Falls to over 12,000 yards of woven cloth selling the Arkwright model for spinning, etc., in and reported the site as the "best place in at a shUling and a half to 28 sh1111ngs a yard" Providence. But the Scots' machines did not the world;" Also in September, Marshall re­ (37¥2 cents to $7). work well. Spinning was also tried .in East ported on his inspection of the Passaic Falls Herman Swift of Cornwall, Conn., answered Greenwich, R.I., with little success. with "Monsieur Allou, a French engineer, at Aug. 22 on the iron furnaces and forges and But, he explained, a young man had lately the request of Mr. Duer." Apparently Duer slitting mills. come from England via New York who on his own initiative had employed the Benjamin H~tingdon. of Norwich on Aug. claimed he knew the Arkwright machinery Frenchman to plan "a canal from the falls to 26 wrote he didn't understand what Secre­ in England, "the old country." Brown had Vreeland's point" (Acquackanonk at tide t&l'y Hamilton wanted but -listed at length brought him from New York and employed water) at the estimated cost of 2,000 peunds. on the variety of manufacturing that coul~ him to make new Arkwright plan machines, Duer later had Col. Samuel Ogden contract be done there. John P. Cooke of Danbwy on but up to that date they had not been en­ on Feb. 8, 1792, with John and Jaoob Vree­ Sept. 12 reported on the hat manufactur­ tirely succes~!Ul. This yo~ man was Sam­ land with a $250 binder !or part of their ing in the factory o! o. Burr and Co. since uel Slater, who left his home in Belper, farmland. This extravagance proved to be a April 10, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9653 sore point later with the S.U.M., which did Under the S.U.M. charter of Nov. 22, 1791, a St. for him. The original letter Hamilton not ratify the plan. The directors had to stockholders' meeting in Trenton elected 13 wrote to Director Bayard is now in posses­ cover the $250 expense and loss to Ogden at directors as the charter provided, with Wil­ sion of the New Jersey Bank and Trust Co. the Godwin Hotel meeting on July 6, 1792. liam Duer elected as governor of the society, Hamilton's town layout would be a mod­ Marshall was unhappy with the Allou's and Archibald Mercer as deputy governor. At ern blessing in disguise. It would cover bungling of their Falls visit, and his canal the Jan. 20, 1792, meeting, the directors de­ about 36 square miles of the Passaic River and tidewater mill ideas. Marshall was quite termined that the location of the "Seat of Valley below the "Little Falls." This writer's sold in his own mind with his preference for Manufactories" must be on one of the three map of the area appeared in the 175th An­ the mill site at the Great Falls. New Jersey rivers. niversary Celebration issue of The Paterson The prospectus of the n ew S.U .M. was John Hills of Philadelphia and Christopher News and bolsters our historical regard for printed in Philadelphia in August, 1791. One Colles of New York were hired to make sur­ Hamilton as the "Father of Paterson." of the originals is now in the possession of veys and levels. Hamilton recommended Now as a "flashback," as they say in the the Passaic County Historical Society's vault among other matters that the S.U.M.'s movies, let us see why Hamilton was so sold in Lambert's Castle. Various notations in money accounts be kept in the new U.S. dol­ on the Great Falls. Like the little pebble or Alexander Hamilton's writing cover many lars and cents, rather than the old pounds, snowbank on the mountain side that can items. Thirteen kinds of manufactures were shillings and pence. trigger the avalanche, we can find the little proposed: paper, cloth, cotton, wool, silk, The New York panic of 1792 involved the event that surely triggered Hamilton's mind shoes, stockings, pottery, hats, carpets, S.U.M. directors most unhappily. On March when he was 21. blankets, brass and ironware and thread. It 9, the firm of Duer and Macomb failed in New On June 28, 1778, at the Battle of Mon­ is noteworthy that Paterson has manu­ York and Duer wrote Hamilton begging his mouth, Washington's young aide-de-camp factured in all these lines, and expansions, help to stave off the U.S. Comptroller from wrote out his report on the "Position of the down through the years. In November, 1791, starting suit in Philadelphia for a $200,000 Enemy." On June 30 he wrote Washington's Hamilton received a report on the manu­ deficiency. Hamilton replied in a friendly order at Englishtown about erecting forts for facture of chemicals from the Marshall Drug letter March 14 that "your request came too the defense of Philadelphia. On July 3, in firm in Philadelphia. It was not acted upon late for my help here." Duer's firm had failed New Brunswick, he wrote Washington's plan but Paterson later became the silk dyeing for about half a million, due to speculation, for Lafayette's proposed corps. giant of the United States. for debt in New York City and the next day On July 7 he wrote Washington's order in REPORT ON MANUFACTURES S.U.M. director Nicholas Low wrote Hamilton New Brunswick to Col. Stephen Moylan's cav­ alry to go to the North River. On July 8 he During the entire year of 1791, Hamilton, that the S.U.M. stock seemed safe but that the $10,000 in Duer's hands "is probably lost.'' translated for Washington the letter in while busy with his S.U.M., plans, had been French from the Coll_lte D'Estaing, then at sea working on: his "Report on the Subject of Then on April 10 Director John Dewhurst failed and Director Nicholas Low and several with the French war fleet, and on July 13, he Manufactures in the U.S.," with the help of translated the count's second French letter. Tench Coxe, his assistant secretary of the others planned to send a fast pilot boat to England to head off the loss of S.U.M. funds Thus our young aide-de-camp was in daily treasury. From January to December they service to the American commander in chief. had worked over five drafts for the report in the society's agent's hands in London. before feeling satisfied to meet the deadline The day by day progress is particularized of presentation of the report to Congress. WrrH HAMn.TON HELPING, S.U.M. FINALLY because on this northbound army journey an­ This was done on Dec. 5, 1791, was entered LoCATES AT GREAT FALLS OF PASSAIC other aide to the general kept a diary of the on the clerk's books and published in full more personal activities. This was Dr. James (By Dr. D. Stanton Hammond) McHenry (1753-1816), who later served in in the country's newspapers. It required (Last of a series) several successive issues in the usual weekly the cabinets of Presidents Washington and publications. Through all of the business failures, Ham­ Adams as Secretary of War. The report traveled everywhere, even ilton remained in the clear and continued He wrote on July 10, 1778, "In our route across the Atlantic, where it made quite an to advise the remaining directors. In a letter to Paramus, we (that is Washington and his impression-not too satisfying in Great to them dated April 14, 1792, he urged the staff), visited the Falls of the Passaic.'' He Britain. manufactory location be decided upon; to then goes on in seraphic description of its Thomas Diggers wrote Hamilton from Bel­ buy land commerce building and to confine beauty and wonders of rocks, tree shade and fast, Ireland, on Apr. 6, 1792, that he had initial operations to the cotton branches. other features to say: received and read every issue and was so He thought a proposed lottery would better "After viewing these Falls, we seated our­ impressed he had published a pamphlet, be postponed. selves 'round the General under a large "Alexander Hamilton's Report on Manufac­ At the May 15 meeting, a finance report spreading oak within view of the spray and tures to Congress, on Dec. 5, 1791," which of the S.U.M. showed the following assets in hearing of the noise. A fine cool spring was sold in Ireland and elsewhere at a shil­ were still intact: $29,000 in the Bank of New 'bubled' out most charmingly from the bot­ ling a copy, with a large demand. York; $24,000 in the Bank of the United tom of the tree." On Dec. 7, 1791, Hamilton made his first States in Philadelphia, and $70,000 in U.S. Then they ate "a modest repast of cold official recommendation at the first S.U .M. deferred stock (U.S. Bonds). ham, tongue and biscuit, and some excell en t directors' corporate meeting in New Bruns­ At the May 18 meeting in Newark it was grog." They rested and "chatted away a very wick. Among other things, he recommended decided to locate the manufactory on the cheerful half hour," and then departed to William Pearce as superintendent and Joseph Passaic River. A directors' committee of Mrs. Provost's "Hermitage" (in what is now Mort as his assistant. three was appointed with $500 expenses al­ Ho-Ho-Kus,) "for four days and four nights," lowed. It consisted of Directors Nicholas dancing and gallanting until the General MARIA REYNOLDS SCANDAL Low, John Bayard and Elisha Boudinot. ordered departure for Haverstraw, N.Y., on As if Hamilton did not have enough to do, This special committee was to select the the Hudson River. the most catastrophic difficulty of his life, actual site on the Passaic River for the man­ What cogitations were then in the minds save the fatal duel, exploded on Dec. 15, ufactory. It was to buy the land, hire sur­ of an engineer like Washington, or of an ag­ when the Maria Reynolds scandal and black­ veyors to map it, arrange for workmen and gressive young man, making his way on his mall erupted. With money payments, some­ machinery for Supt. Thomas Marshall, up to own, as we may properly surmise in regard to times heavy, the "affair" was kept under $5,000, and report back to the directors as Hamilton? This writer cannot doubt that wraps until 1797, when James Monroe (later soon as possible. Washington told his surrounding "family" of president) and other of Hamilton's political boys just turned men in war's harsh turmoil, enemies used the worthless Reynolds hus­ HAD HAMn.TON'S HELP that they were looking at power going to band to accuse Hamilton of speculating with This was a tremendous assignment, but waste-that after the war it could be used to U.S. government funds. Hamilton, stung to not to be considered insurmountable when improve national development, (Washing­ the quick, pubilshed the true facts, sparing they had the doughty ·assistance of Hamil­ ton later as President did much along these no one in a pamphlet, "Written by Himself," ton. This is evidenced by his letter to Di­ lines in the Potomac and Ohio valleys. printed "for John Fenno in Philadelphia by rector Bayard (in June, 1792) in which he Who can doubt that Alexander Hamilton John Bioren, 1797." writes that he had talked with his father­ was powerfully impressed, almost obsessed It was a masterful defense, but hurt those in-law, Gen. Philip Schuyler, and others ac­ with the possibilities? deares·t to him, for while Elizabeth Schuyler quainted with the Great Falls area. Hamil­ He unquestionably had the Passaic River's Hamilton, the mother of his eight children, ton insisted this should be "the spot" for Great Falls continuously in his mind for remained steadfastly loyal and strong in de­ the "town seat" in the same language of capital reason which he skillfully unveiled fending him, she carried her sorrow to her today when we say the County Court House while erecting the S.U.M. as the National dying day. It was long afterward, about 1s the "County Seat." Manufactory to free American economy from 1830, that James Monroe ca.lled on her at Hamilton went even further in abandon­ European domination. her home and stated that in view of his ap­ ing the "Grand Canal" idea so as to confine This 1s the essential point which deter­ proaching demise, he wanted to make all activities of the S.U.M. to the immediate mines Paterson's rightful position as the ac­ amends for the trouble and pain he had area around the Great Falls. Hamilton de­ tual, physical focus for a "National Historical caused her in his polltlca.I dealings. She scribed what he thought should be the Landmark" of national manufacturers at the heard his apology, but stated nothing could town's area. and bounds, which indeed were Great Falls of the Passaic. be changed by his words. Monroe died in subsequently adopted in the main by sur­ To rob Alexander Hamilton's record of this 1831 but Mrs. Hamilton carried on to 1854, veyor-engineer Abraham Willis. Paterson's achievement, is to a.ttempt to rewrite history. dying ·at 95. Park Avenue was originally named Willis Let us leave the rewriting of history to the 9654 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 10, 1968 communists and others. There is much more From his faith came the grace and inspira­ Perhaps the most important work of all is to the S.U.M. story that proves it never was a tion that gave meaning to his every action, commitment. The right things are being said failure, as will be shown at a later article. that made bearable the long and lonely publicly and privately, personally, and in nights, the miles of marching, the days in gatherings like these. But the right things prison cells, the heaped abuses of the law, must be done, and that will take commit­ and all the troubles of a people scorned. ment of the highest order. What must be This faith in God gave wings to his words, done cannot be accomplished in a day or A Man for All Seasons and All People summoned to his side strong Christian souls, two, a month or two, even a year or two. rallied the conscience of millions, changed Good works cannot come as immediate and the laws of a land, and gave new meaning to miraculous acts of will. They must come HON. THOMAS P. O'NEILL, JR. human brotherhood. through the long, hard processes of man and OF MASSACHUSETTS This was a faith that, literally, moved his government on earth. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mountains, melting the accumulated preju­ There is no excuse for delay. There will be dice of generations, and making the way days ahead when, weary of the stress and Wednesday, April 10, 1968 straight for justice too long delayed. bitter with the struggle, shrill voices will Mr. O'NEILL of Massachusetts. Mr. It is this faith in whose promise this after­ grow prominent again, preaching hate and Speaker, the Reverend Dr. Ma:tin noon Dr. Martin Luther King finds all his revenge--attempt once again to kill Dr. Luther King, Jr., has been charactenzed longings fulfilled, all his pains soothed, all King's dream of love and redemption. his struggles resolved, as he rests eternally Then as now, we, black and white alike, in many ways. He was called a man of in the bosom of God. must ignore those voices. We must keep to God, a rna~ of peace, a man of love, .and But there was another faith, similarly pow­ our tasks. We must do our work. a man of right. He was all these thmgs erful and moving, which was part of the Tomorrow the right thing must be done. and more. character of this gentle man of God. As he It is to this work that I pledge this city He had a vision of what America had an unquenchable faith in God, so too and our generation in it. could and should be, and he devoted his he had an unfailing-faith in his fellow man. But he also left us a dream. And now we life to make our Nation fulfill its own Like any great leader in human history, he must make that dream come true. Bought summoned to himself kindred spirits, those in his own blood, paid for with his own life, promise and its own heritage. His dream who shared his ideals and aspirations, and it can no longer be denied. Let us pledge our­ for America was a land where freedom, who were willing also to share his anxieties selves in this holy hour, before God and justice, and equality were not words or and trials. our neighbor, that we will build a new world slogans, but fact, and a way of life. Even those who watched from afar caught of dignity and justice, of hope and oppor­ He was among the most eloquent of something of the confidence and trust he tunity, from which no man will be excluded. men, for his words came from his lov­ felt in man's ability to see the right, to fol­ ing soul and his brilliant mind. And he low the star, to choose the better path. The seemed to have grasped the truth that "non-violent way," which he preached and practiced, saw no merit in forcing the hu­ FDA and Drug Testing Criticized in so often evades us. man spirit; man could be brought to good­ His Eminence Richard Cardinal Cush­ ness by example and persuasion, and one Report on lndocin ing and the Honorable Kevin White, day the righteous would overcome. mayor of Boston, addressed 30,000 Dr. King has left us a legacy that is rich mourners on the Boston Common on beyond all counting, it is a new expression HON. LEE METCALF Monday. They were there to find com­ of the ancient faith that is summed up in OF MONTANA the love of God and love of neighbor. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES fort and courage, and perhaps some of Let us challenge what men call impossible, that faith that served Martin Luther endure what seems unbearable, penetrate Wednesday, April 10, 1968 King throughout his life. what appears to be impassable, and create Mr. METCALF. Mr. President, the Cardinal Cushing and Mayor White in this very generation what has been man's Washington Post of Sunday, March 3, provided solace, but more importantly, dream since the dawn of time. It will not be they charged America with a task and Camelot, it wm not be Utopia; it wm be real, 1968, published an important article a road to follow toward equal opportu­ and it Will be ours. written by Morton Mintz, dealing with We have trifled too long, all of us, with Indocin, a drug which was introduced nity for all. words and admonitions; we have done so in 1965 and hailed as one of the most His Eminence said: little when so much was required. In this significant advances in medical therapy Dr. King summons us now to a m&"ch dark hour, with our whole nation in mourn­ of that year. that has no ending, to a dream from which ing, we must judge ourselves, and take the Indocin, which is the trade name for there is no waking, to a task that will con­ measure of our failings. We were all in Mem­ sume all of the hours of all our days. phis, one way or another, on Thursday night indomethacin, was introduced by Merck and the violence and death there must touch & Co. with the claim that it was a highly Mayor White spoke to all of us when the conscience of every citizen. effective drug against rheumatic dis­ he said: Nothing that we can do will bring back eases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis, Let us pledge ourselves in this holy hour, the life that was lost, but what we can do will and a vigorous promotional campaign before God and our neighbor, that we will assure that it was not spent in vain. was launched. Recent studies have indi­ build a new world of dignity and justice, of Dr. King summons us now to a march that cated that this drug is not what Merck hope and opportunity, from which no man has no ending, to a dream from which there claims it to be and there is some question will be excluded. is no waking, to a task that will consume all as to whether the Food and Drug Ad­ Mr. Speaker, I include the complete of the hours of all our days. Let us go forward together, with God's ministration should have approved it for texts of these statements in the RECORD: grace, and conscious of his judgment upon us. marketing in the first place. Dr. William (From the Boston (Mass.) Herald Traveler, O'Brien, of the University of Virginia Apr. 9, 1968] TEXT OF WHITE'S STATEMENT School of Medicine, has found that the ADDRESS OF CARDINAL CUSHING AT CEREMONIES We have come together today to honor the FDA based its decision for approving the ON COMMON life and work and prophecy of the Rev. drug on trials which were largely uncon­ Our age may not seem to be an age of Martin Luther King Jr. trolled and subject to the wishful think­ saints, but, it surely is an age of martyrs. The Boston Common is an appropriate ing of physicians. As a matter of record, God's mysterious Providence has now sum­ place for our purpose. It is deeply involved in controlled scientific studies it was moned from among us one more of our in the history of freedom. found that Indocin was actually no better heroes, leaving the memory of a great soul Thousands of memorials like this are tak­ than aspirin in the treatment of the who sought only the love of his own brother. ing place-today, tomorrow and yesterday­ Living men will not forget the rousing throughout the nation, indeed throughout rheumatic diseases for which it was beauty of his voice, the courage that dis­ the world. Millions of words are being said being prescribed. dained all danger, the burning charism of and sung in tribute and in sorrow-and in Further, William Goodrich, the FDA's his silent heart. We are bruised and saddened the hope that words can somehow make us counsel, has stated that claims made in by a loss more profound than we can yet ' whole again and better than we were before. an Indocin ad in the Journal of the realize, we are bewildered by a cruel act of Words can do some of this. They can give American Medical Association overstated violence that has snatched from our midst a us instruction and ~nsight, faith and hope both the safety and efficacy of Indocin, man of peace. and charity. But they cannot give u.& all of and, even worse, omitted "some very im­ We know that Dr. Martin Luther King was y,rh,at we so desperately need to make Dr. not afraid of death; he had faced its threat King's dream of equality and freedom come portant information." And it must be so many times, he knew its features well. He true in this city. remembered, Mr. President, that this is was a man of God, and so too a man of faith, That Will take work and patience and un­ the kind of information practicing phy­ for whom this world held promise of another derstanding. That wUl take dedication and sicians must rely on when prescribing where among the blessed he lives this day. personal sacrifice. drugs. April 10, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9655 Mr. President, I ask tinanimous con:. A month later, the Canadian Food and The agency used unpublished information sent that Mr. Morton Mintz' article be Drug Directorate in Ottawa, in a letter to that clinical investigators could not exam­ ine, including the full data from Dr. Nor­ printed in the RECORD. Canadian physicians, told of several indo­ methacin deaths in children and of a num­ cross, Dr. O'Brien said, "It might better There being no objection, the article ber of other severe adverse reactions. serve the public interest if only fully pub­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, A few weeks after that, in December, the lished, public data were allowed as evidence as follows: FDA acted on hundreds of reports of adverse supporting therapeutic claims." FDA AND DRUG TESTING CRITICIZED IN REPORT reactions, including a few deaths, in Indocin In the interview, he expressed doubt that ON INDOCIN users. FDA has "the expert knowledge to evaluate (By Morton Mintz) Then, about a year ago, a storm broke with the clinical trials of drugs used in rheuma­ the publication of four carefully controlled, toid arthritis, but there's absolutely no Two years ago, physicians were asked in double-blind trials. In these, the investiga­ mechanism whereby I can examine the evi­ an informal poll by a medical magazine to tors did not know until afterward whether dence or reasoning by which FDA makes its identify 1965's "most significant advance in they were treating patients with Indocin, an­ decisions." medical therapy." other drug or a dummy pill (placebo). Accusing the agency of "more and more Overwhelmingly, the responses named In­ Three of the trials failed to show that meddling" with designs for drug investiga­ docin, a drug intended for the management indomethacin was superior to aspirin in tions, he said physicians are "afraid to com­ of certain arthritic disorders, especially rheumatoid arthritis. The fourth could. not plain for fear that FDA might retaliate." rheumatoid arthritis. distinguish between the effects of the drug A similar poll today would probably pro­ and aspirin as against placebo and aspirin. duce -a less exultant result. One reason is These results were startlingly different from that in the current Clinical Pharmacology the most quoted endorsement given, for ex­ He Had a Dream and Therapeutics, Dr. William M. O'Brien of ample, in 1965. Indocin "appears to be more the University of Virginia School of Medicine effective than any other anti-inflammatory says, in effect, that physicians were taken drug for the long-term management of HON. JOHN V. TUNNEY in, thanks in part to a poor performance chronic arthritis with minimal toxicity to by the Food and Drug Administration. the patient," said Dr. Bernard M. Norcross, a OF CALIFORNIA Implicitly, his article raises troubling ques­ Buffalo (N.Y.) internist whose practice is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions about the quality of drug testing gen­ limited to rheumatic diseases. Wednesday, April 10, 1968 erally. A key question was raised by the huge gap In the 1965 poll, made by the Medical between the results obtained by Dr. Norcross Mr. TUNNEY. Mr. Speaker, most Research Digest, which is received by 100,000 and by the double-blind trials: Had FDA thoughtful and eloquent editorials have practicing physicians, the vote of con­ obeyed a strict legal requirement when, in appeared in the New York Times, April7, fidence given Indocin (indomethacin) has June, 1965, it approved Indocin for a pre­ several explanations. 1968, and the Los Angeles Times, April scription market including 3-5 mlllion vic­ 5, 1968. One was that the Merck, Sharp & Dohme tims of rheumatoid arthritis (and others division of Merck & Co. introduced the drug among 12.5 million additional victims of re­ At this time of national honor to Mar­ With the claim that it was highly effective lated arthritis disorders) ? tin Luther King, Jr., they deserve our against rheumatic diseases. The requirement--added to the drug laws serious reflection and meditation. More than 300 clinical investigators had by the Kefauver-Harris Amendments of The editorials follow: tried Indocin in 10,000 patients, the manu­ 1962-is that a manufacturer must support HE HAD A DREAM facturer said, and improvement was experi­ claims of efficacy of a drug with "substantial enoed by between 5000 and 8000, or 50 to evidence!' This is defined as "adequate and Martin Luther King was a preacher, a man 80 percent. well controlled investigations, by experts from Georgia and a Negro who became a Another explanation lay in vigorous qualified by scientific training and experi­ golden-tongued orator, a spokesman for the promotion .. When the drug was launched, as ence to evaluate ... effectiveness... " Deep South and the Ghetto North, a symbol ·rndocid, in Britain, Merck's regional man­ To see whether the gap could be explained, above color of undying yearnings and im­ agers were instructed in a Merck booklet: the University of Virginia's Dr. O'Brien, an perishable rights. He was an American in the "We can say, here and now, that Indocid associate professor of preventive and internal truest historic sense: he had a dream. is going to be ·a tremendous success-if it medicine, examined all literature about In­ He dreamed for the black youth of his isn't, then some heads will fall." docin available in public medical · archives . country. • __ The Merck pamphlet was made public in He identified 132 references. All but -93 From a jail in Birmingham, citadel of October by Tony Clifton in his column in had to be discarded (31, for example, were segregation, his words leaped through the the Sunday Times of London. One of the preliminary abstracts or duplications). Of bars: "When you suddenly find your tongue pieces of advice it gave Merck salesmen the 93. Dr. O'Brien said in Clinical Phar­ twisted and your speech stammering as you when calling on physicians was: macology and Therapeutics, 18-includlng seek to explain to your six-year-old daughter "Develop eye-contact habits that help to Norcross--were uncontrolled and subject to why she can't go to the public amusement signal sincerity . . . Being sincere is not the wishful thinking of physicians and their park that has just been advertised on tele­ enough ... When you make a statement rheumatoid arthritis patients. vision, and see tears welling up in her little from the heart out, look your customer These papers showed an extraordinary 61.8 eyes when she is told it is closed to colored right in the eye ... Keep the sincerity :flag per cent of "good or excellent responses" children, and see her begin to distort her of good eye-contact :flying." to the drug. But in six studies that used personality by unconsciously developing a In the United States, FDA counsel William some objective measurements, such as grip bitterness toward white people; when your W. Goodrich said that claims made in an strength, such results were reported in only first na,me becomes 'nigger' and your middle Indocin ad in the Journal of the American 25.1 per cent of the cases. name becomes 'boy' however o~d you are­ Medical Association overstated claims of Although Dr. O'Brien agrees with FDA that then you will understand why we find it safety and efficacy and omitted "some very Indocin works in the relatively few rheuma­ difficult to wait." important warning information." Merck was toid arthritis patients in which aspirin fails, He dreamed for the poor of his country. given an opportunity to show cause why it he had doubts even about the improvement Marching for equal laws, he quickly recog­ should not be prosecuted. Ultimately, FDA reported in the 25 per cent of cases where nized that equal opportunity was just as decided not to undertake criminal action. there were objective measurements. One rea­ necessary. For black and white, he called In a speech to the Pharmaceutical Adver­ son he gave was that a significant number for a Bill of Rights for the Disadvantaged: tising Club in October, 1966, Goodrich also of patients have remissions_ that are sponta­ "In addition to a revolution in attitude, our criticized a July (1966) article in Pageant neous but can be erroneously attributed to country must undergo a revolution in values. magazine that "featured" Indocin for condi­ a drug. The billions of dollars now directed toward tions that Merck itself was not allowed to Turning to the study inade by Dr. Norcross, destruction and military containment must promote to physicians-"Bursitis," "tennis which involved 530 patients, Dr. O'Brien pro­ be redirected to provide an adequate· edu­ elbow," "trick knee." tested that it was published solely as two cation, income, home and recreation, as well Although few knew ·of it, a largely un­ very brief abstracts--one, in 1963, in Arth­ as physical and mental care. Once we develop audited experience with Indocin abroad, be­ ritis and Rheumatism, and the other, in 1965, the will to do so, we will discover that our fore it went on sale here, had put the first in 250 words in the Journal of New Drugs. own self-interest, both as individuals ·and pinpricks in the bubble. In February, 1965, This was "about half a word per patient," as a nation, lies ·in sharing our wealth a.tid for- example, a troubling list of side effects Dr. O'Brien said in an interview. He was resources with the -least of God's children was published in the Medical Journal of critical of the Journal of New Drugs and said here and around the world." Australia. t.he abstract was "simply . . . not good sci- He dreamed for the peace of his country- In October, 1966, Merck sent American entific documentation/' · men, at home and abroad. · physicians '-'new cautionary information," Yet;' he added, it was largely on the basis When the United States was ·h-onored by but enveloped it.in a promotional aura ("144,­ of such uncontrolled trials that FDA made hiS Nobel Pe-ace Prize;· he felt obligect to · ex­ ooo,ooo patient-days of -therapy in 99 coun­ the "bizarre decision" to approve Indoctn tend his personal philosophy of nonviolence tries"). for the market. from the streets of 8elma and Memphis to 9656 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 1 o, 1968 the rice paddies of the Mekong Delta and He points out the dangers of sur­ I share this letter with my colleagues the jungles of Vietnam. He saw the impedi­ rendering at the conference table many so toot they may taste of the encourage­ ments to race and economic progress at home of the policies and principles that are ment reflected by Connie Wi1it, a sixth while a war was raging abroad: "If's inevita­ ble that we've got to bring out the question crucial to the security of the United grade student at Garfield in Casper, Wyo., of the tragic mix-up in priorities .... When States and the free world. He specifical­ as follows: a n ation becomes involved in this kind of ly warns against unnecessary com­ DEAR MR. HARRISON: We are proud of our war, when the guns of war become a national promise, prolonged stalemate, a fic­ school, Garfield, because it has very strong obsession. social needs inevitably suffer." tional cease-fire, and an agreement that lea;dership in teaching, patriotism, and It was said of Dr. King tha.t he had a naive will leave a power vacuum in Southeast citizenship. We are also proud of how we optimism in nonviolence. But his militant Asia. handle our patrols, our money in the school nonviolence accomplished more in his short store, and how we obey school regulations. lifetime than all the violence of the racists, Mr. President, I commend this article Every Friday our school gets together and black or white. He set the civil rights move­ to Senators and ask unanimous consent honors our flag as well as honoring it daily. ment on a new course in the United States; that it be printed in the Extensions of We made a scrap book which weighs more and it will yet prevail. He helped to unify the Remarks. than 30 pounds composed of reports, pictures r aces by showing what one man could do by There being no objection, the article and articles of our school ac.tfvities. This believing in brotherhood; others will con­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, book was s.ent to the Freedom Foundation to tinue the work of this fallen martyr. as follows: compare us with other schools. He was a Negro who made Americans aware It was our honor to win the Principal that the better angels of our n ature could THE UNITED STATES MUST BE CAUTIOUS School Award which makes everyone proud dominate the struggle of the United States AGAINST OVERANXIETY of Garfield. and its people. The dream of true equality of Americans, more than any other people in Sincerely yours, rights and opportunities without regard to the world, are awaiting anxiously further de­ CONNIE WITT . race is nearer because in our lifetime there velopments toward peace in Vietnam. lived an American named Martin Luther President Johnson's redUction of bombing King. and his appeal for negotiation brought from Hanoi a positive response, for the first time. (From the Los Angeles Times, Apr. 5, 1968] More hope was added to the movement The lOOth Anniversary of the University THE MURDER OF DR. KING with the indication that preliminary talks of California The murder in Memphis of Dr. Martin perhaps would be held in Moscow. This sug­ Luther King, Jr. is an event of horror and gested that Russian influence was in the di­ sha.m.e to America and a shock to the world. rection of a peace conference. HON. JOHN V. TUNNEY It underscores once more the tragedy of If these two factors remain intact--Hanoi's OF CALIFORNIA willingness to talk and Moscow's support of the divisions which rip and tear at the basic IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fabric of our society. It stands inescapably itt--negotiations are in prospect. as a further negation of the values, the Presently, every effort of the United States Wednesday, April 10, 1968 must be to encourage that hope. dreams, the promises to which we as a peo­ Mr. TUNNEY. Mr. Speaker, I would ple--as one people--aspire. In this urgent desire, however, there is the Many have fallen in the cause for which danger of over-anxiety. like to place in the RECORD a letter which Dr. King, preeminently an apostle of non­ American leaders, and their people, mus.t I have written to the chancellor of the violence and a winner of the Nobel Peace be on guard against: University of California, Riverside, in Prize, has now become a victim. The attack (1) Entering negotiations on such a com­ which congratulations are extended on on him, like any criminal acrt, demands jus­ promised basis that an honorable settlement the lOOth anniversary of the University tice. Beyond that-and let this be the fer­ is precluded. The U.S. must not abandon the of California. vent aim of all persons of decency-it de­ principles which brought it into Vietnam in Mr. Speaker, the university is a great mands the most sober reflection, the deepest the first place. national self-examination. (2) Prolonged stalemate at the table, dur­ institution of learning and has contrib­ We do not believe in the concept of col­ ing which time the Communists go right uted a great deal to California and the lective guilt. The person or persons respon­ ahead with their aggressive subversion while Nation. The letter follows: sible for the assassination of Dr. King alone the U.S. reduces its military strength and Dr. IVAN HINDERAKER, carry the burden of their deed. But we most activity. Chancellor, University of California, River­ solemnly believe that all Americans have a (3) A fictional "cease fire" and stalemate, side, Riverside, Calif. stake in determining what kind of society during which time the Communists are on DEAR IVAN: I should like to take this op­ we are, and what kind we Me to become. attack and the defenders are not. Some of the portunity to extend my congratulations, This is why we say the occasion of this worst fighting in Korea came during the two through you, to the entire University of despicable bloodletting is a time for na­ years after talks began. California community as it enters its lOOth tional assessment, a time for introspection. (4) An agreement, in the end, which will year of service to the State, the Nation, and The lesson has once again been driven effectively eliminate American influence in the entire world. Within the relatively short home, all too tragically: Americans will Southeast Asia. This oountry must maintain span of ten decades the University of Cali­ either agree to live together as one people its policy of firm support of allies, including fornia has achieved a secure position among under one standard of law and humanity, active defense against aggression. that handful of institutions truly deserving or we will be the witnesses and passive con­ In short, the United States must not be so the accolade "one of the world's great spirators in the process of our own self­ eager to extract itself from Vietnam that it universities." destruction. surrenders at the confe.rence table the pol­ It has become a model of quality public There is no evading this choice, for white icies and principles that are crucial to the higher education that has been frequently or black, in Memphis, Los Angeles or any­ security of the Free World and itself. copied, often envied, but never equaled. where. Time and again, the people of California have demonstrated their vision and common sense through their unmatched support for Negotiations With the Vietnamese A Ray of Sunshine the University. While the University-as a great university must--has frequently ·been the center of ferment and controversy, it has, HON. STROM THURMOND HON. WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON and will continue- to have, the support of OJ' SOUTH CAROLINA OF WYOMING the overwhelming majority of our citizens. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES The location of a campus in Riverside has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES been a constant source of pride to the people Wednesday, April 10, 1968 Wednesday, April 10, 1968 of our community. It is a pleasure to com­ Mr. TIIURMOND. Mr. President, the mend your administration, the Riverside Spartanburg, S.C., Herald-Journal of Mr. HARRISON. Mr. Speaker, during campus, and the entire University on their April 7, 1968, contains an interesting these times of turmoil and dissent a Con­ centennial celebration. I am certain that gressman's mail reflects a portion of this the next century will be fully as productive, article entitled "The United States Must as the last, and that the University of Cali­ Be Cautious Against Overanxiety." attitude, adding to the darkening atmosphere. fornia will continue to be in the forefront of In the article, Mr. Hubert Hendrix, developments aimed at making man more the capable editor of tlie Spartanburg This week a ray of sunshine arrived in humane, just, and rational. Herald-Journal, urges that American my office, it was a short letter but sin­ With warmest personal regards to you and leaders be on their guard against over­ cere and filled with the generating the entire University community. anxiety. honesty and hope for the future, as pos­ Sincerely, · sible only through the eyes of a child. JOHN V. TuNNEY.