The letters were ·read by the legislative The certificates of appointment were SENATE clerk UNITED STATES: gress, the 1st session of the 84th Congress. my resignation as United States Senator, ef­ fective at the close of business, December This is to certify that pursuant to the commenced this day. 31, 1954. power vested in me by the Constitution of the United States and the laws of the State RICHARD M. NIXON, of California,· This is in line with my statement last Vice President of the United States, of Nebraska, I, Robert B. Crosby, the Gov­ July that if elected to the Senate I would ernor of said State, do hereby appoint CARL called the Senate to order at 12 o'clock cooperate to permit our new Senator to be T. CURTIS, a Senator from said State, to rep­ meridian. sworn in at an early date so as to assure resent said State in the Senate of the United The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown prior position for him on committees. Si::ates to fill the unexpired term caused by Harris, D. D., of the city of Washington, With all good wishes. the resignation of the Honorable Hazel H. offered the following prayer: Sincerely, Abel. HAZEL H. ABEL. Witness: His excellency our Govern·or and God of our fathers in ages past, and our seal hereto affixed at Lincoln, Nebr., this ·God our help in these tumultuous and UNITED STATES SENATE, 17th day of December, in the year of our testing days, before in this forum of a Washington, D. C., December 24, 1954. Lord 1954. people's hope we dare discuss the press­ Hon. RICHARD M. NIXON, ROBERT B. CROSBY. ing affairs of the Nation and of this torn By the Governor: Vice President of the United States, [SEAL) FRANK MARSH, and tortured world we would first of Capitol Building, Washington, D. C. Secretary Of State. all in reverence and contrition lift our DEAR MR. VICE PREsiDENT: I am enclosing a hearts to Thee whose light alone floods copy of my letter to the Honorable James our life with eternal splendor. In this F. Byrnes, Governor of South Carolina, sub­ STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, hour of solemn convocation, as citizens mitting my resignation as a United States OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR, Senator: This is being made in the interest Columbia, December 24, 1954. of the Republic chosen by the people in To the PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE OF THE this free land convene to open a new vol­ of our State and for the benefit of my elected UNITED STATES: successor, the Honorable J. STROM THuRMOND. ume of destiny in our Nation's history­ This is to certify that pursuant to the the few among the many called in a stern It gives me pleasure to also send to you power vested in me by the Constitution of time to weigh vast issues and face my sincere thanks for the magnificent con­ the United States and the laws of the State tangled problems-may they bring their tribution that you are making for the peace of South Carolina, I, James F. Byrnes, the and prosperity of our great country. Governor of said State, do hereby appoint fallible judgments to Thy wisdom; may I also want to extend to you my apprecia­ they lean their human limitations upon STROM THURMOND a Senator from said State tion of the many courtesies and the consid­ to represent said State in the Senate of the the deathless assurance, "The eternal eration you so graciously extended to me dur­ United ·states until the vacancy therein, God is our refuge, and underneath are ing my service in the Senate. caused by the resignation of Charles E. the everlasting arms." In this day of With warm personal regards, Daniel, is filled as provided by law. beginnings we are conscious of the cloud Sincerely yours, Witness: His excellency our Governor, of witnesses out of heroic yesterdays who CHARLES E. DANIEL. James F. Byrnes, and our seal hereto af.. look down upon us from the sacred fixed at Columbia, this 24th day of Decem­ spaces beneath the white dome, as the UNITED STATES SENATE, ber, in the year of our Lord 1954. ancient vow is here this day uttered Washington, D. C., December 24, 1954. JAMES F. BYRNES, anew, "So help me God." Hon. JAMES F. BYRNEs, Governor. Governor of South Carolina, By the Governor: Keep before us ever the undimmed 0. FRANK THORNTON, goal of a better world cleansed of its Columbia, S. C. DEAR GOVERNOR: I confirm below my tele• Secretary of State. want, its fetters, and its agony. May we gram to you of even date: be counted by the future as among the The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair "I hereby tender my resignation as United also lays before the Senate the certifi­ builders of a redeemed earth radiant States Senator from South Carolina effec­ with brotherhood, knowing- cates of election of Senators for unex­ tive immediately." pired terms. "That's not done by sword or tongue Sincerely yours, CHARLES E. DANIEL. The certificates of election were read, or pen, and ordered to be placed on file, as There's but one way, God make us bet.. follows: ter men." CREDENTIALS CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION, UNITED STATES We ask it in the dear Redeemer's SENATOR name. Amen. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair STATE OF OHIO. lays before the Senate two certificates of TO the PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE OF THE appointment of Senators. UNITED STATES: RESIGNATIONS FROM THE SENATE Inasmuch as the terms for which these This is to certify that on the 2d day of The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair appointments were made have expired, November 1954, GEORGE H. BENDER was duly no action of the Senate is required, and, chosen by the qualified electors of the State lays before ·che Senate two letters of of Ohio a Senator from said State to repre­ resignation from the United States Sen­ without objection, the letters and certifi­ sent said State in the Senate of the United ate, which will be read and placed on cates of appointment will be printed in States for the unexpired term ending on the file. the RECORD and placed on me. 3d day of January 1957. CI--1 3 4 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENATE 'January 5 Witness: His Excellency our Governor, COMMONWEALTH OF . KENTUCKY, In testimony. whereof, I have hereunto set Frank J. Lausc:he, and our seal hereto afllxed DEPARTMENT OF STATE, my hand and affixed the great seal of the at Columbus, Ohio, this 7th day of Decem· Frankfort. State of Minnesota, at the capitol, in St. ber, in the year of Our Lord 1954. To the PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE OF THE Paul, this 29th day of November, A. D. 1954. FRANK J. LAUSCHE, UNITED STATES: (SEAL] Mrs. MIKE HOLM, Governor. This is to certify that on the 2d day of Secretary of State. By the Governor: November, 1954, ALBEN W. BARKLEY WaS duly (SEAL] TED w. B,ROWN, chosen by the qualified electors of the Com­ CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION Secretary of State. monwealth of Kentucky a Senator from said STATE OF OKLAHOMA, Commonwealth to represent said Common­ EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. wealth in the Senate of the United States TO the PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, for the term of 6 years, beginning on the UNITED STATES: EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 3d day of January 1955. This is to certify that on the 2d day of To the PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE OF THE Witness: His Excellency our Governor November 1954, ROBERT S. KERR was duly UNITED STATES: Lawrence W. Wetherby, and our seal hereto chosen by the qualified electors of the State This is to certify that on the 2d day of affixed at Frankfort, Ky., this 13th day of of Oklahoma a Senator from said State to November 1954, THOMAS H. KUCHEL was duly December, in the year of our Lord 1954. represent said State in the Senate of the chosen by the qualified electors of the State LAWRENCE W. WETHERBY, United States for the term of 6 years, begin­ of California a Senator from said State to Governor. ning on the 3d day of January 1955. represent said State in the Senate of the By the Governor: In witness whereof, I have hereunto set United States for the term ending on the [SEAL] CHARLES K. O'CONNELL, my hand and caused the great seal of the 3d day of January 1957. Secretary of State. State of Oklahoma to be affixed on this 30th Witness: His Excellency our Governor, day of November 1954. Goodwin J. Knight, and our seal hereto CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION . JOHNSTON MURRAY. afllxed at Sacramento this lOth day of Dec­ STATE OF NEW JERSEY. By the Governor of the State of Oklahoma: ember, in the year of our Lord 1954. The board of State canvassers hereby de­ Attest: GOODWIN J. KNIGHT, termines that at a general election held in [SEAL] JOHN D. CONNER·, Governor. the said State on the 2d day of November Secretary of State. (SEAL] in the year of our Lord 1954, CLIFFORD ·p. JEFF F. KENDALL, FRANK JORDAN, CASE was duly elected a Member of the Assistant Secretary of State. Secretary of State. United States Senate to represent the State of New Jersey as Senator for a term of 6 To the PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE OF THE The VICE PRESIDENT. The creden­ years. UNITED STATES: tials of certain Senators elected or re­ In testimony whereof, are hereunto affixed This is to certify that. on the 2d day of elected for 6-year terms, which began on my hand and the official seal at Trenton this November 1954 PATRICK V. McNAMARA was the 3d instant, were received and laid 14th day of December, A. D. 1954. duly chosen by the qualified electors of the (SEAL] EDWARD J. PATTEN, State of Michigan a Senator from said State before the Senate prior to its sine die Secretary of State. to represent said State in the Senate of the adjournment on December 2, 1954. United States for the term of 6 years, begin­ The Chair now lays before the Senate CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION ning on the 3d day of January 1955. certificates of election for the Senators STATE OF NEBRASKA. Witness: His Excellency our Governor, elected for 6-year terms commencing on At an election held on the 2d day of G. Mennen Williams, and our seal hereto af­ the third day of January, which were November 1954, CARL T. CURTIS was elected fixed at Lansing, Mich., this 24th day of to the office of United States Senator for the November, in the year of our Lord 1954. received subsequent to the sine die G. MENNEN WILLIAMS, adjournment on December 2, 1954. term 6 years from the 3d day of January 1955. Governor. The credentials were read and ordered Given at Lincoln this 22d day of November By the Governor: to be placed on file, as follows: 1954. OWEN J. CLEARY, To the PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE OF THE ROBERT B. CROSBY, Secretary oj State. UNITED STATES: Governor. STATE OF IOWA, This is to certify that on the 2d day of Attest: ExECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. November 1954, GORDON ALLOTT was duly [SEAL] FRANK MARSH, Secretary of State. To the PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE OF THE chosen by the qualified electors of the State UNITED STATES: of Colorado a Senator from said State to STATE OF RHODE ISLAND This is to certify that on the 2d day of represent said State in the Senate of the November 1954 THOMAs E. MARTIN, of Iowa United· States for the term of 6 years, be­ AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS, EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, City, Johnson Oounty, Iowa, was du1y chosen ginning on the 3d day of January 1955. by the qualified electors of the State of Iowa Witness: His excellency our Governor, Dan Providence. TO the PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE OF THE a Senator from the said State to represent Thornton, and our seal hereto affixed at UNITED STATES: said State in the Senate of the United States Denver this lOth day of December, in the This is to certify that on the 2d day of for the term of 6 years, beginning on the 3d year of our Lord 1954. November 1954, THEODORE FRANCIS GREEN day of January 1955. DAN THORNTON, was duly chosen by the qualified electors of Witness: His Excellency our Governor, Leo Governor. the State of Rhode Island a Senator from Elthon, for the State of Iowa, and our seal By the Governor: said State to represent said State in the hereto atnxed at Des Moines, this 7th day of (SEAL] HOMER M. BRUCE, Senate of the United States for the term of December, in the year of our Lord 1954. Secretary of State. 6 years, beginning on the 3d day of January LEO ELTHON, 1955. Governor. By th.e Governor: STATE OF NEW MEXICO. Witness: His Excellency our Governor, Den­ nis J. Roberts, and our seal hereto affixed at [SEAL] MELVIN D. SYNHORST, To the PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE OF THE Providence, R. I., this lOth day of Decem­ Secretary of State. UNITED STATES: ber, in the year of our Lord 1954. This is to certify that on the 2d day of DENNIS J. ROBERTS, STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA, November 1954, CLINTON P. ANDERSON was Governor. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. duly chosen by the qualified electors of the By the Governor: To the PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE OF THE State of New Mexico a Senator from said (SEAL] ARMAND H. COTE, UNITED STATES: State to represent said State in the Senate SeC?·etary of State. This is to certify that on the 2d day of of the United States for the term of 6 years, November 1954 KARL ·E. MuNDT was duly beginning on the 3d day of January 1955. STATE OF MINNESOTA, chosen by the qualified electors of the State Witness: His Excellency, our Governor, DEPARTMENT OF STATE. of South Dakota a Senator from said State Edwin L. Mechem, and our seal hereto affixed I, Mrs. Mike Holm, secretary of state of to represent said State in the Senate of the at Santa Fe, this 23d day of November, in the the State of Minnesota, do hereby certify United states for the term of 6 years, begin­ year of our Lord 1954. that on the 3d Tuesday of November, A. D, ning on the 3d day of January 1955. 1954, the duly constituted State canvassing Witness: His Excellency our Governor, EDW. L. MECHEM, board met and opened and canvassed the Sigurd A;nderson, and our seal hereto affixed Governor. returns of the votes cast at the last general· at Pierre, the capital, this 2d day of Decem­ By the Governor: election· in accordance with law, and that ber, in the year of our Lord 1954. .;TAMES B. McGHEE, said board duly declared HUBERT H. HuM­ . SIGURD ANDERSON; Chief Justice of New Mexico. , PHREY elected to the office of United States Governor. [SEAL] Senator in Congress for the .term of 6 years By the Governor: · BEATRICE B . GOTTLIEB, beginning on the 3d day of January"A. D. [sEAL] GERALDIN OsTitooT, Secretary oj State. 1955. Secretary of State. 1.955- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 5 THE STATE OF MONTANA, fixed at Boston, this 9th day of December, [Applause on the floor and in the gal­ ExECUTIVE CHAMBERS. in the year of our Lord 1954. · leries.] To the PRESIDENT Oi' THE SENATE OF THE CHRISTIAN A. HERTER, The legislative clerk called the names UNITED STATES: Governor. This is to certify that on the 2d day of By the Governor: of Mr. McNAMARA, Mr. MUNDT, Mr. MUR­ November 1954 JAMES E. MURRAY was duly (SEAL) EDWARD J. CRONIN, RAY, and Mr. NEELY. chosen by the qualified electors of the State Secretary of Commonwealth. These Senators, escorted by Mr. PoT­ of Montana a Senator from this State to TER, Mr. CASE of South Dakota, Mr. represent the State of Montana in the Senate MANSFIELD, and Mr. KILGORE, respective­ of the United States for the term of 6 years, ADMINISTRATION OF OATH ly, advanced to the Vice President's desk; beginning on the Sd day of January 1955. the oath of office prescribed by law was · Witness: His ExcE:llency our Governor, J. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair administered to them by the Vice Presi­ Hugo Aronson, and our seal hereto affixed at will now proceed to administer the oath dent, and they severally subscribed to the Helena this 24th day of November, in the to the 34 Senators in alphabetical order, year of our Lord 1954. oath in the official oath book. J. HUGO ARONSON, and in groups of four. The clerk will [Applause on the fioor and in the gal­ Governor. call the first four names on the list. leries.] By the Governor: The legislative clerk called the names The legislative clerk called the names [SEAL] SAM W. MITCHELL, of Mr. ALLOTT, Mr. ANDERSON, Mr. BARK­ of Mr. NEUBERGER, Mr. O'MAHONEY, Mr. Secretary of State. LEY, and Mr. BENDER. ROBJi:RTSON, and Mr. RUSSELL, These Senators, escorted by Mr. MIL- These Senators, escorted by Mr. MoRsE, CERTIFICATE oF ELECTION LIKIN, Mr. CHAVEZ, Mr. CLEMENTS, and Mr. BARRETT, Mr. BYRD, and Mr. GEORGE, STATE OF OREGON, Mr. BRICKER, respectively, advanced to respectively, advanced to the Vice Presi­ ExECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. the Vice President's desk; and the oath dent's desk; the oath of office prescribed To All to Whom These Presents Shall Come, prescribed by law was administered to by law was administered to them by the Greeting: them by the Vice President. Vice President, and they severally sub­ Know ye, that it appearing from the om- [Applause on the floor and in the gal- scribed to the oath in the official oath cia! canvass of the votes cast at the regular leries.] book. general election held within and for the · The VICE PRESIDENT. The Sena­ [Applause on the floor and in the gal­ St.ate of Oregon on Tuesday, the 2d day of tors-will subscribe to the oath in the November A. D. 1954, that RicHARD L. NEu- ·official oath book of the Senate. leries.] BERGER, of Multnomah County, State of Ore- The Senators thereupon subscribed to The legislative clerk called the names gon, received the highest number of votes the oath l·n the officl'al oath book. Of Mr. SALTONSTALL, Mr. SCHOEPPEL, Mr. cast for the office of United States Senator SCOTT, and Mrs. SMITH of Maine. at said election. The legislative clerk called the names These Senators, escorted by Mr. Now, therefore, I, PaulL. Patterson, Gov- of Mr. BRIDGES, Mr. CASE of New Jersey, BRIDGES, Mr. CARLSON, Mr. ERVIN, and . ernor of the State of Oregon, by virtue and Mr. CuRTIS, and Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. PAYNE, respectively, advanced to the in pursuance of the authority vested in me These Senators, escorted by Mr. CoT­ under the laws of the State of Oregon, do TON, Mr. SMITH of New Jersey, Mr. Vice President's desk, the oath prescribed hereby grant this certificate of election and HRUSKA, and Mr. DIRKSEN, respectively, by law was administered to them by the declare said RicHARD L. NEUBERGER, of Mult- advanced to the Vice President's desk; Vice President, and they severally sub­ nomah County, State of Oregon, to be duly scribed to the oath in the official oath elected to the office of United states Senator the oath of office prc.:cribed by law was book. of the state of Oregon for a term of 6 years. administered to them by the Vice Presi- [Applause on the floor and in the gal­ In testimony whereof I have hereunto set dent, and they severally subscribed to the leries.] my hand and caused the seal of the State of oath in the official oath book. The legislative clerk called the names Oregon to be hereto affixed. Done at the [Applause on the floor and in the gal- capitol at Salem, Oreg., this 13th day of leries.] of Mr. SPARKMAN and Mr. THURMOND. These Senators, escorted by Mr. HILL November A. D. 1954. The legislative clerk called the names and Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina, PAuL C. PATTERsoN, of Mr. DWORSHAK, Mr. EASTLAND, Mr. respectively, advanced to the Vice Presi­ Governor· ELLENDER, and Mr. FREAR. By the Governor: dent's desk; the oath prescribed by law (SEAL] EARL T. NEWBRY, These Senators, escorted by Mr. WEL­ was administered to them by the Vice Secretary of State. KER, Mr. STENNIS, Mr. LONG, and Mr. President, and they severally subscribed WILLIAMS, respectively, advanced to the to the oath in the official oath book. TO the PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE OF THE Vice President's desk; the oath of office [Applause on the floor and in the gal­ UNITED STATES: prescribed by law was administered to leries.] This is to certify that on the 2d day of them by the Vice President, and they November 1954, A. WILLIS ROBERTSON was severally subscribed to the oath in the duly chosen by the qualified electors of the official oath book. LIST OF SENATORS, BY STATES State of Virginia a Senator from said State to [Applause on the floor and in the gal-. Alabama.-Lister Hill and John J. represent said State in the Senate of the leries.J Sparkman. United States for the term of 6 years, begin­ ning on the 5th day of January 1955. The legislative clerk called the names Arizonct.-Carl Hayden and Barry M. Given under my hand and the lesser seal of Mr. GREEN, Mr. HUMPHREY, Mr. JOHN­ Goldwater. of the Commonwealth, at Richmond, this 8th SON of Texas, and Mr. KEFAUVER, Arkansas.---John L. McClellan and day of December, in the year of our Lord These Senators, escorted by Mr. PAs­ J. William Fulbright. 1954, and in the 179th year of the Common­ TORE, Mr. THYE, Mr. DANIEL, and Mr. California.-William F. Knowland and wealth. GoRE, respectively, advanced to the Vice Thomas H. Kuchel. THOS. B. STANLEY, President's desk; the oath of office pre­ Colorado.-Eugene D. Millikin and Governor. By the Governor: scribed by law was administered to them Gordon Allott. (SEAL] MARTHA BELL CONWAY, by the Vice President, and they severally Connecticut.-Prescott S. Bush and Secretary of the Commonwealth. s·..;.bscribed to the oath in the official oath William A. Purtell. · book. Delaware.---John J. Williams and J. Allen Frear. THE COMMONWEALTH OF [Applause on the floor and in the gal­ MASSACHUSETTS. leries.] Florida.-Spessard L. Holland and To the PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE OF THE The legislative clerk called the names George A. Smathers. UNITED STATES: of Mr. KERR, Mr. KUCHEL, Mr. MARTIN Georgia.-Walter F. George and Rich­ This is to certify that on the 2d day of of Iowa, and Mr. McCLELLAN. ard B. Russell. November, 1954, LEVERETT SALTONSTALL was These Senators, es.corted by Mr. MoN­ Idaho.-Henry C. Dworshak and duly chosen by the qualified electors of the RONEY, Mr. KNOWLAND, Mr. HICKEN­ Herman Welker. Commonwealth of Massachusetts a Senator LOOPER, and Mr. FULBRIGHT, respectively, Illinois.-Paul H. Douglas and Everett from said Commonwealth to represent said M ..Dirksen. Commonwealth in the Senate of the United advanced to the Vice President's desk; States for the term of 6 years, beginning on the oath of office prescribed by law was Indiana.-Homer E. Capehart and the 3d day of January, 1955. administered to them by the Vice Presi­ William E. Jenner. Witness: His Excellency our Governor, dent, and they severally subscribed to the' Iowa.~Bourke B. Hickenlooper and Christian A. Herter, and our seal hereto af- oath in the official oath book. Thomas E. Martin. .6 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE 'January $ Kansas.-Andrew F. Schoeppel and The legislative clerk called the rolL ELECTION OF PRESIDENT PRO Frank Carlson. and the following Senators answered to TEMPORE Kentucky.-Earle C. Clements and AI· their names: Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Presi.. ben W. Barkley. Aiken Fulbright McNamara dent, I move that the Senate proceed to Louisiana.-Allen J. Ellender a~d Allott George Millikin ·Anderson Goldwater Monroney elect a President pro tempore of the Russell B. Long. Barkley Gore Morse Senate. Maine.-Margaret Chase Smith and Barrett Green Mundt The VICE PRESIDENT. The question Frederick G. Payne. Beall Hayden Murray Bender Hennings Neely is on agreeing to the motion of the Sen.. Maryland.-John Marshall Butler and Bible Hickenlooper Neuberger ator from Texas. J. Glenn Beall. Bricker Hill O'Mahoney The motion was agreed to. Massachusetts.-Leverett Saltonstall Bridges Holland Pastore Bush Hruska Payne Mr. JOHNSON of Texas submitted a and John F. Kennedy. Butler Humphrey Potter. resolution