Parade in New York MILITANT Published in the Interest of the Working People To Protest Viet War NEW YORK, Sept. 21 — A mass are individuals from liberal groups be other activities the same week­ Vol. 29 - No. 34 Monday, September 27, 1965 Price 10c march by New Yorkers opposed such as the Committee for a Sane end, including a demonstration at to the war in Vietnam has been Nuclear Policy, the traditional the Manhattan induction center scheduled for Saturday, Oct. 16, pacifist groups, the New York on Oct. 15 and a discussion work­ in connection w ith the Oct. 15-16 Committee Against the War in shop on Oct. 17. Details for all “International Days of Protest” Vietnam, Students for a Demo­ these events w ill be announced Freedom Labor Union against U. S. m ilitary intervention cratic Society, the Young Socialist later by the various sponsoring in the Southeast Asian country. Alliance, DuBois Clubs, Progres­ committees and w ill be reported Demonstrations for the same sive Labor and Youth Against in The Militant. weekend are scheduled in over 100 War and Fascism. Also involved The Oct. 15-16 International cities across the U. S., as well as are officials of the Teachers Com­ Days of Protest originated with a Presses Miss. Drive in other places in the world. mittee to End the War in Vietnam call by the Vietnam Day Com­ The New York march is being SHAW, Miss., Sept. 14 — W ork­ underway. In the summer, the and District 65 of the Retail, mittee in Berkeley, Calif., which sponsored by a committee com­ shops are being held here to dis­ union struck domestic workers and Wholesale and Department Store grew out of the huge Vietnam posed of leading individuals from cuss a fall strike centered around cooks at some restaurants and Union, AFL-CIO. teach-in held on the University of virtually every group here which the cotton picking season spon­ motels. There are still several Plans call for a march on Fifth California Berkeley campus last has protested the war as well as Avenue, a traditional route for sored by the Mississippi Freedom hundred on strike in six counties, May. The Berkeley group w ill di­ numerous community, cultural large parades, and a rally at the Labor Union (MFLU). A ll Negro but an important test w ill occur rect its protest at the Oakland and occupational groups. Included cotton pickers, choppers, gin oper­ this fall when the cotton picking finish point. In addition there w ill Army Base which is the main ators and tractor drivers in Sun­ season begins. The union is now West Coast supplier to the U. S. flower, Panola, Coahoma, Pike, preparing for the cotton picking forces in Vietnam. A teach-in Leflore, Washington and Bolivar strike, and is in great need of fi­ originating put of the Berkeley counties w ill be asked to partici­ nancial and other material aid. campus is expected to be followed pate in the strike. An MFLU The strikers need food and by a massive civil disobedience spokesman, Mr. Germain Hawkins, clothing, tents — for the families action centering on the base. said “ this strike w ill include maids who are put out of their houses who are now working six days a when they' strike plantations — Call for Protest week for an average of $14. Our and other items such as automo­ In the call for the days of pro­ main demand w ill be $1. 25 an biles for roving pickets and test the VDC said: “Indiscriminate hour for all labor. ” stationary and stamps for mail­ bombings of peasant villages by A state committee set up at the ings. They need money for bail the world’s most massive m ilitary workshop on Sept. 13, and work­ and lawyers. machine has outraged the con­ ing out of the MFLU office here, The spring strike helped spread science of the world. The tim e. has w ill be responsible for distribution the idea of the union and begin come to go beyond debates about of all foodstuffs entering the state its organization, but did not win the politics of the war; it is time for the strikers. union contracts or the union's for the peoples of the world to Another committee was assigned wage demands. The pressure of say to the U. S. A.: ‘Stop! ’” to draw up a constitution for the the strike, however, did result in “The Vietnam war has also il­ union so it can register with the a raising of wages in the Delta luminated the political crises in National Labor Relations Board. area from 30 cents an hour to 35 the United States. The people have Representatives from the Tennes­ or 40 cents an hour. lost control of the government. see Freedom Labor Union (TFLU) A number of unions in the The Congress has abdicated its are attending the workshops and North have contributed modest function of leading and transmit­ William Springfield, regional di­ amounts of money to the MFLU ting popular discussion. The rector of the TFLU says: “We — the United Auto Workers sent American people are treated as plan to strike near the end of this $8, 000 — and a great deal more objects to be ignored or manip­ month. We’re also going to work is needed. This is an issue which ulated; they voted for peace, but in. close affiliation with the MFLU can be taken up on the floor of they received a policy- of war t . " in Mississippi. ” Four counties in local unions with proposals to Clifton DeBerry, Socialist W ork­ Tennessee w ill be involved: Hay­ send financial and other material ers Party candidate for Mayor of Photo by David Stevens wood, Tipton, Fayette and Harde­ aid. New -York, and one of the many man. Information can be obtained SHUTDOWN. Members of New York Newspaper Guild, AFL-CIO, sponsors of the New York march, from and aid sent to the union’s picket New York Times after striking Sept. 16 for new contract said he expected “many thousands, The Mississippi Freedom Labor state headquarters at the follow­ including guarantee that no employee will be fired because of particularly students from the Union began among Negro farm in g address: M F L U , B o x 547, automation. All but one of city’s remaining seven major dailies various campuses in the city” to workers in Shaw, Miss, last April Shaw, Mississippi. The address of participate. Peter Camejo, SWP and spread to several counties then locked out their workers to back up Times’ owners. The the Tennessee Freedom Labor candidate for President of the City during the spring when the work Guild is an industrial union which organizes all workers at news­ Union is P. O. Box 277, Somer­ Council, appeared on WNBT-TV of chopping (weeding) cotton was papers but printing trades, which have separate craft unions. The ville, Tenn. tonight in a debate w ith the other crafts respected Guild picket lines. Reporters and editors in Guild candidates for the office and face no immediate threat from automation, but office, building, urged the viewers to join the Oct. and labeling workers under Guild jurisdiction do. Uncle Sam and the MONSTER 16 m arch. There’s this monster, you see, named INTERNATION­ A L COMMUNISM. It’s out there somewhere, lurking in the Fulbright Exposes Johnson's Lies dark shadows of Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, etc., and ev­ ery time dear, sweet bumbling old Uncle Sam tries to do something for the poor and downtrodden of the world, the monster rages and slobbers and breathes fire. It has already On U. S. Role in Dominican Crisis gobbled up the people of Russia, Cuba, China, Indonesia, and the central and Eastern European countries. Now it’s By Harry Ring sion has reached even into sec­ • “... no American lives were after the democracies and itknows that it can’t get at them The Johnson administration was tors of the country’s ruling cir­ lost in Santo Domingo until the until it does away with Uncle Sam. dealt a stunning jolt w ith Senator cles. Marines began exchanging fire Meanwhile, Uncle Sam, pure of heart, thinking only of Fulbright’s slashing expose of its These are some of the charges with the rebels after April 28. ” the good of mankind, dreaming of when all men can live in lying, reactionary role in the against the Johnson administra­ • “. . . the United States was Dominican crisis. In a Sept. 15 tion regarding the Dominican in­ peace, prosperity and brotherhood, staggers on under his intervening for the military arid Senate speech, the Arkansas tervention which Fulbright con­ inherited “white man’s burden, ” trying to bring the slaver­ for the oligarchy — to the detri­ Democrat charged that the Amer­ firm e d : ing monster to the conference table where the two can “sit ment of the Dominican people... ” ican people had been lied to about • “. . . the reaction of the down and reason together. ” But, of course, Uncle Sam, what was happening in the United States at the time of acute • “U. S. policy was marked by like all the boy scouts, must Dominican Republic and that crisis was to intervene forcibly a lack of candor and by misirifor- be prepared. He must recog­ President Johnson was prominent and illegally against a revolution mation. The former is illustrated: nize that maybe the monster among those who lied to them. which. . . might have' produced by official assertions that will not be reasonable. If Fulbright established that the a strong popular government military intervention was pri­ that’s to be the case, then U. S. intervened in the Dominican without foreign intervention. ” marily for the purpose of saving Uncle Sam w ill sigh, mop his crisis not to save American * lives • “In midafternoon of April American lives; the latter is illus­ brow, assume an expression but to save a corrupt gang of 28 Col. Pedro Bartolomé Benoit, trated by exaggerated reports of massacres and atrocities by the- which tells everyone that it militarists. head of a junta which had been Fulbright’s charges were based rebels — reports which no one hurts him more than it does hastily assembled, asked again... on the information gathered in has been able to verify. It was. them, give the ol’ boy scout for U. S. troops on the ground that the course of extensive hearings this was the only way to prevent officially asserted for example — salute and then bomb, burn, by the Senate Foreign Relations a Communist takeover; no men­ by the President in a press con­ torture, rape, pillage, and Committee of which he is chair­ tion was made of the junta’s in­ ference on June 17 — that ‘some annihilate the poor and man. His indictment of the ad­ ability to protect American lives. 1, 500 innocent people were mur­ downtrodden. He has to, you ministration is particularly damn­ This request was denied in Wash­ dered and shot, and their. /heads see. If he didn’t the monster ing in that all of the witnesses ington, and Benoit was thereupon cut off. ' There is no evidence to would get them. heard by the committee except told that the United States would su p p o rt th is statem ent.” ..;. one were members of the govern­ not intervene unless he said he Fulbright, who recognizes the [Reprinted from “Life with m ent. could not protect American cit­ inevitability of social revolution Lyndon in the Great So­ The speech is particularly sig­ izens present in the Dominican in Latin America, argues that for ciety, ” Vol. 1, No. 32, a news­ nificant in that it was delivered Republic. Benoit was thus told the U. S. to align itself with the letter circulated in Southern not by a maverick but by one of in effect that if he said American Latin American oligarchies will civil rights circles, written the most powerful figures in the lives were in danger the United only strengthen the hand of Com­ by Jack Minnis. ] Senate. It suggests that uneasi­ States would intervene. And this munists and he proposes that in- ness over unbridled U. S. aggres- is precisely what happened. ” (Continued on Page 3) P a ge T w o THE MILITANT Monday, September 27, 1965 An Invaluable Antiwar Handbook The Documented Record on Vietnam

By Dick Roberts roneous presentations of this his­ tory which had been popularly ac­ An important pamphlet has re­ claimed in this country. Tom cently been published by the Cen­ D ooley’s Deliver Vs From Evil, One hundred eighty-eight mem­ ter for the Study of Democratic and The Ugly American b y L e d - bers of the Sheet Metal Workers Institutions, which should become erer and Burdick come under Union have been on strike against a handbook for the anti-Vietnam scathing attack. war movement. This is “How the the Detrex Co., in Bowling Green, To Scheer, Dooley’s melodra­ United States Got Involved in K y ., since Ju n e 7. T h e D e tre x matic tale of the “godless cruelties Vietnam, ” by Robert Scheer, con­ plant was formerly located in De­ of communism” which became for tributor to the R e a list and fo r­ troit, Mich., until it moved South Americans “ their only significant eign editor of R am parts magazine. some 10 years ago to take advan­ emotional encounter with com­ tage of low Southern wages. Scheer has done a top-notch job munism in Asia” is “ extensive re­ After repeated union efforts, the ‘of documenting the U. S. interven­ writing of history. ” The Lederer- plant was finally organized last tion in Vietnam from the post Burdick volume is “pure Amer­ October by the Sheet Metal W ork­ W o rld W a r I I p e rio d to 1963, m a k ­ ican homespun. . . comic-book ers and negotiations were begun ing use not only of extensive liter­ politics. . . gross over-simplifica- for higher wages. The final com­ ature on the subject but also of tion of foreign policy which was pany offer of an increase of only many personal interviews w ith the accepted as serious social criti­ two cents an hour each year for architects of America’s Vietnam cism . ” three years was rejected by rank- policy. The result is the best short The pamphlet includes some and-file workers and they voted account to date — the pamphlet peculiarly ironic facts: The “stra­ to strike for higher pay. is 80 pages long — of how Wash­ tegic hamlet” program to throw The company responded by at­ ington came to support the police- Ngo Dinh Diem peasants into police-guarded con­ tempting to initiate a community- state, one family dictatorship of George Meany centration camps was pushed wide effort to break the strike Ngo Dinh Diem against the wishes Saigon as well as propagandizing through in Vietnam by President and the union, which included of the vast m ajority of Vietnamese for Diem in the American press Kennedy over the objections of the open use of cops as strike­ tween government spending • on people. was played by Michigan State the CIA’s chief Vietnam agent, breakers. According to a report in war, and corporation profits, as Diem’s career, from his selec­ University and the right-wing Edward Lansdale. Lansdale told the Sept. 4 AFL-CIO News, “ A s opposed to expenditures for peace­ tion by Cardinal Spellman and Austrian Social Democrat, Jo­ Scheer, “I don’t believe in police many as 32 policemen at a time, fu l social benefits. Joseph Kennedy as the man who seph Buttinger: While a special measures — genocide, transmi­ out of a total force of 42, have “The net profit of one Ameri­ could save Southeast Asia from M. S. U. faculty trained Diem’s po­ gration of villages, curfews, use been on duty at the Detrex plant, can company for one year, ” it said, Communism to his final falling- lice force — a force that ultimate­ of force. . . ” each carrying an axe handle. " “ is more than the government w ill out w ith the State Department, is ly imprisoned thousands of po­ The cops were later withdrawn be asked to appropriate to elim­ the central theme of Scheer’s litical opponents — it was liberal C IA V ie w following public protests, but ef­ inate poverty across the entire pamphlet. In pointing out the spe­ magazines like The Reporter, the If you are Wondering why forts to intimidate the strikers c o u n try. ” cific channels of power which social democratic N ew Leader and Lansdale is in the CIA, - this is continue, according to union rep­ The corporation, American Tele­ erected Diem as the U.S. -backed the academic Y ale Review, w h ic h cleared up in the following para­ resentative Thomas Reed. phone and Telegraph Company’s savior of Vietnam, Scheer indi­ painted the Diem image in Amer­ graphs. Lansdale presented his “Reed charged, ” said the AFL- Bell Telephone System, reported cates how American foreign pol­ ica. “humanitarian” position in the C IO News, “that the Mayor, po­ an all time record profit of $1. 7 icy, with its concomitant cover Scheer, however, is not only Saturday Evening Post, M a y 20, lice and the Chamber of Com­ billion last year. The poverty pro­ in domestic propaganda, is forged. concerned to elucidate the main 1961, in an a rtic le e n title d “ The merce have cooperated to help gram for this year is estimated Worth noting in this respect is facts in the history of U. S. -Viet­ Village that Refused to Die. ” Detrex management in its effort to cost only $1. 5 billion. “The the fact that the main role in nam policy, but he also pauses The gist of the argument was to break the strike. Businessmen amount to be proposed for the building Diem’s administration in in several instances to correct er- that all the United States need warn the strikers that loans would assistance of students in schools do was supply more weapons to be recalled, mortgages foreclosed w ill ¿mount to one-fourth of what the Vietnamese peasants who were and credit refused, he said. Wives the government spends on m ili­ anxioits to combat the “Viet working in other plants have been tary research. ” According to Ra­ Cong” terror on their own. What advised they could lose their jobs cine Labor, some $6 billion a year Yetta Fine - Devoted Revolutionary Lansdale neglected to point out, unless strikers return to work, is spent on military research Scheer continues, was that most Reed was told. ” alone and only $1. 5 billion for By Della Rossa of the inhabitants of the “village * * * federal aid to students in schools. that refused to die” were Diem- for many years, in a close partner­ A New Jersey temporary dis­ LOS ANGELES — It is very supporting Catholics who had ship with her husband, Howard, ability benefits law provides for difficult to believe that someone fled from North Vietnam, and not who laughed so easily, whose large who was an organizer. She had payments to employes disabled by AFL-CIO President George only that, many of them “had dark eyes were bright with an an acute political awareness and pregnancy during the four weeks Meany is continuing to give lip been members of Chiang Kai- absorption in the life around her, developed judgment on organiza­ before and the four weeks after service to President Lyndon B. shek’s army who had fled to Viet­ Johnson’s escalation of the war in is dead. tional questions. Warmth toward childbirth. nam to escape Mao’s army. ” Yetta Fine, whose heart was people was combined with mature For years, however, payments Vietnam. At a recent convention In his conclusion, Scheer makes seriously weakened by rheumatic understanding. were denied to employes who of the Virginia State AFL-CIO, a point about American propa­ fever when she was a child, died Although fragile physically, with couldn’t prove that pregnancy ac­ Meany said that to get out of ganda which many a liberal would Sept. 11. Her great courage had a tiny body topped with a head tually caused disability during the Vietnam would mean only a tem­ do well to ponder. “ It has become taken her to her 48th year. of dark curls, Comrade Yetta had eight week period. As a result porary peace. “Our present strong fashionable, ” Scheer writes, “to Comrade Yetta had been a rev­ a quick-witted toughness even many were denied benefits. Local stand there, ” he cynically ob­ discuss the end of ideology as an olutionist since she was 14, and when she was in her teens. She 827, International Brotherhood of served, “w ill help to defend the accomplished fact of American was a founding member of the was distributing leaflets at Pasa­ Telephone Workers, has just won American way of life in the long life. However, on the basis of Socialist Workers Party. She re­ dena Junior College when part a victory in the New Jersey Ap­ ru n . ” U. S. experience in Vietnam it —Tom Leonard mained a devoted member of the of the football team tried to force pellate Court which could elim­ would be more accurate to con­ party to the day of her death. her to leave. But when she stood inate this unfair practice. The es­ clude that there has been an end Not strong enough to attend up to them, they left. sence of the union’s plea, upheld to ideological controversy., public school, Comrade Yetta was She lived the last years in Los Jjy the court, was that pregnancy W hat passes in liberal circles for Free University educated by tutors and a special Angeles, and in the past three in. and, of itself was proof of dis­ an unbiased attitude towards Viet­ high school. When she graduated years, severe heart attacks weak­ a b ility . nam is nothing short of blind and * * * from high school, she entered the ened her and she could not attend vicious anti-Communism. Scheer Begins Autumn University of California at Los SWP meetings. Nonetheless, she makes the point even more strong­ The Aug. 13 Racine L a b o r made Angeles. She married at 20 and was exceptionally aware of the ly in the concluding sentence: •■some startling comparisons be- Term in N. Y. left college. Shortly after her mar­ political life around her because “ W ritin g about Hungary, ” riage she had the first in a series comrades went to her, welcoming Scheer recalls, “Albert Camus NEW YORK — The Free Uni­ of heart attacks. her political judgment. She read created the phrase ‘socialism of the versity of New York w ill begin its Comrade Yetta was a leader of widely and thoroughly. gallows’ to describe the low point fall semester on Oct. 4. Registra­ the San Pedro branch of the SWP Along with courage and the of an ideology that claimed to lead tion for some 44 courses w ill take great and devoted love of her a civilization. But must we not place from Sept. 27 through husband, an understanding of her also speak of the United States C H I C A G O O ct. 1. capacities and limitations made THE WAR IN VIETNAM — HOW involvement in Vietnam in terms Dick Roberts, M ilita n t w rite r it possible for Comrade Yetta to CAN IT BE ENDED? Speakers from: of a ‘democracy of the gallows’? ” Students for a Dem ocratic Society, Com ­ and managing editor of the In te r­ survive as long as she did. Some­ Copies of the pamphlet may be mittee to End the W ar in Vietnam, national Socialist Review, w ill one might say that her life wasn’t obtained from The Fund for the Young Socialist Alliance. Fri., O ct. I, teach a course on the “ Origins of one that lent itself to heroics. It Republic, Inc., Box 4068, Santa 8 p. m. Debs Hall, 302 S. Canal St. the Cold War. ” It w ill cover the would be closer to the truth to Barbara, California 93103: sam­ Ausp. Friday N ight Socialist Forum. history of the struggle between say her whole life was heroic. • ple copy free; 2-24 copies, 750 the capitalist countries and the The absorption in living which each; 25-99 copies, 20 percent dis­ LOS ANGELES Soviet bloc from the Russian Rev­ counteracted the almost constant count; 100-199 copies, 25 percent Prom inent speakers from the left will o lu tio n in 1917 to th e Chinese pain she knew in the last years discount; 200-399 copies 30 per­ discuss Prospects fo r Independent Polit­ Revolution of 1949. The Spanish came from two sources: although ical Action. Speakers panel: Prof. Tim­ cent discount; over 400 copies, 35 she recognized the world’s evils, othy Harding, C alif. State College His­ C ivil W ar w ill be treated in detail. percent discount. tory D ep't and an organizer o f Socialist Courses at the Free University she knew how to fight these evils, Scholars Conference; Robert Hall, co- w ill be offered by many figures and she had some recognition of chairman Non-Violent Action Commit­ on the left as well as a variety of the tremendous value she had for An African Document: tee; Dan Bessie, organizer o f New Left other individuals whose views are her husband, her comrades and School; James Gallagher, Socialist Par­ not presented in the academic her friends. ty Conference on Jobs and Freedom; world. Among the instructors are: Comrade Yetta had a fine talent UNITY frank Greenwood, Touring Artists and taste in the field of art, and G roup; Oscar G . Coover, Socialist W ork­ Norman Fruchter, editor of S tu ­ dies on the Left; M ilt Rosen, in another society would have ers Party. Steve Roberts, moderator. The Road to Freedom Fri., O ct. I, 8: 30 p. m. Ausp. M ilitant chairman of Progressive Labor developed in this area. Labor Forum, 1702 East 4th St. Party; Paul Krassner, editor of Society as we know it distorts • The Realist. human beings and it is seldom In South Africa N E W Y O R K "Nearly 250 students enrolled in that we find someone such as 25* CUBA TODAY — ITS ROLE IN THE Comrade Yetta, who was loved the first session of the Free Uni­ PIONEER PUBLISHERS EAST-WEST CONFLICT. An analysis by versity this past summer. The by everyone who knew her. Be­ Harry Ring, staff writer, The M ilitant. Free University is located at 20 E. ing close to her has added a full­ 5 East Third St. FrL, O ct. I, 8: 30 p. m. 116 University 14 Street. For information call: ness to my life. She has died, but New York. N. Y. 10003 Place. C ontrib. $1 (students 50c). Ausp. Y e tta F in e she w ill always be a part of me. M ilitant Labor Forum. O R 5-7424. Mónday, September 2 7 , 1985 THE MILITANT Page T h re e Students and Faculty Defend The Socialist Scholars Conference Marxist Teacher at Rutgers A Long Way from McCarthyism The case of Professor Eugene demic freedom of the state uni­ Genovese — the Rutgers Univer­ v e rs ity . ” By George Novack Charles University, Prague. He The AAUP, also voting unani­ sity professor who said he would took issue with Conor Cruise mously, approved a resolution The Socialist Scholars Confer­ welcome a victory of the revolu­ O’Brien of New York University stating: “the principles of aca­ ence held at Columbia University who implied that the capitalist tionaries in Vietnam — has at­ demic freedom must apply to all Sept. 11-12 w as the fir s t in the and non-capitalist giants were tracted the new support of two institutions of higher learning United States. It was noteworthy equally guilty of imperialistic pol­ important groups: the Rutgers whether -or not supported by pub­ in other respects. As Maxwell icies toward underdeveloped na­ College Student Council, and the lic funds. Recent actions in the Geismar observed in his dinner tions. Rutgers chapter of the American case of Professor Genovese have address, the very holding of such The Czech economist said that, Association of University Profes­ raised serious concern that the a conference was a landmark in while he would not absolve the sors (AAUP). The Genovese af­ function of the university may be post-McCarthy America. Soviet regime of its economic mal­ fair has become a central point jeopardized and its essential free­ Coming after the teach-ins on practices in the postwar period in the New Jersey gubernatorial doms limited by outside pres­ the Vietnamese war this spring, (mixed companies, unequal terms race between Democratic governor sures. ” this socialist “teach-in” at the of trade, reparations), the net Richard Hughes and Republican Previous Statement start of a new academic year be­ long-term effect of its economic candidate Wayne Dumont, who is tokened a further step to the left demanding Genovese’s ouster. In an interview with The M ili­ relations and aid differed from among the more radical intellec­ The controversy began April 23 tant, July 26, Professor Genovese that of the capitalist powers. tuals. This resurgence of self-as­ Whereas Western imperialism im­ when Genovese stated during a elaborated his position on Viet­ nam: “My general theme, ” he sertion among the socialist-mind­ peded the industrialization and teach-in at Rutgers that he was ed members of the academic com­ a Marxist and a Socialist and sup­ stated, “ was that socialism- on a progress of the more backward world scale held out the best hope munity directly challenges the countries through neo-colonialism, ported the National Liberation cold-war liberalism which has Joe McCarthy for economic and social progress, Soviet imports helped strengthen Front against United States ag­ dominated the cultural scene for gression. Although his statement for political and intellectual free­ their economic substructures. He the past fifteen years. provoked a fusilade of red-baiting dom and for an enduring peace. senseless violence and gratuitous warned against “throwing out the The gathering was all the more murder. All the trials of the Mc­ attacks from the New Jersey con­ “While I thought the war in socialist baby with the Stalinist significant because it took place Carthy period, beginning with the bathwater. ” servatives, the Rutgers Board of Vietnam, ” he continued, “could be at Columbia University which Rosenberg and Hiss cases, have This socialist symposium in­ Governors voted to retain Geno­ brought to a conclusion,. we Eisenhower headed while he was to be reviewed, Geismar stated, vese as a teacher. Hughes later would have to face many more cluded representatives of the anti­ being groomed for the White to break the spell of anti-Com- endorsed this decision. Vietnams until capitalism, a sys­ war students, the Negro revolt, House. Since the fifties its His­ munism, the ideological bludgeon At the initial meeting of the tem that throttles peoples every­ and radical scholars but had no tory, Sociology and English de­ of reaction. 1965-66 echool year, the 20-mem­ where, was replaced by socialism, voice of organized labor on its partments have been strongholds Admitting his mistake in voting ber student council, representing which has no need for such op­ program. This reflects both the of such well-known spokesmen a student body of 5, 000, voted pression. ” Asked how the stu­ for Johnson as a protector of stagnation of the conservatized for anti-Communist liberalism as unanimously to “condemn any at­ dents received these remarks, peace against a more reckless unions and the remoteness of aca­ Richard Hofstadter, Jacques Bar- tempts, especially those of public Genovese replied, v “The speech Goldwater, he called on intellec­ demic socialists from the social zun and Lionel Trilling. Here C. tuals to cut all ties with the ad­ officials and candidates for public was, I think, generously applaud­ force which, as Marxists, they re­ Wright Mills felt ill-at-ease and office, to infringe upon the aca­ ed. ” ministration for its interventions gard as the main agent of social isolated in his one-man battle in Vietnam and the Dominican transformation. During the or­ against the cold warriors, for the Republic. Geismar's anti-imperial­ ganizing meeting the steering com­ Cuban revolution, and for aca­ ist position is especially sympto­ mittee was asked to remedy this demic recognition of the merits matic since he is not a socialist omission at the next conference. of Marxism. or Marxist but, as he character­ Socialism and scholarship are The American Expanded List ized himself, a liberal turned usually considered an impossible radical because of the march of combination. This successful con­ Shortly before his death Stan­ events in this country since World ference, which exceeded the high­ ford Professor Paul Baran told W a r II. est expectations of its initiators, me that in 1960 he and Mills Way of Life Another sign of the changing indicates that socialist scholarship drew up a list of colleagues who atmosphere was the unscheduled may be on the verge of a rebirth might join a New Left “brain remarks in the discussion on im­ in these politically and theoreti­ trust” and had to stop before perialism by Prof. Pavel Eisler of cally backward United States. Shrimp with Lobster Sauce, Anyone? reaching thirteen. There were many times that number of fac­ Did you ever get a real hanker­ Vietnam, ” she explains, “are ulty members among the 900 reg­ ing for Chinese food and travel either French or Chinese or a m ix­ is tra n ts fo r th is m ee ting in 1965. half way across town to get some? ture of both. ” And, she adds, with Times have changed! ... Revelations by Fulbright That’s nothing. Mr. and Mrs. Curt a marvelously American spirit, Possibilities of persecution for Schaefer of White Plains, N. Y. “ we always try to live off the land, proclaiming oneself a socialist (Continued from Page 1) Senate leader Everett Dirksen w ill be going half way around the so to speak. That is, native food have lessened but are not elimi­ stead the U. S. back democratic held a joint press conference world for some — and to no other rather than something you can buy nated. One panelist, Said Shah, reform e rs. with Democratic Senator Smath- place than Saigon, Vietnam. That’s at a post exchange or on the black said he was threatened with loss He declares: “ It is not possible ers of Florida to defend Johnson’s right. We did a double take when m a rk e t. ” of his post at the State University a t present to assess the de pth and Dominican action. Senator Dodd we saw the headline on the house­ For the Schaefers, living off the of New York at Plattsburgh for extent of disillusion with the (D-Conn. ), a doughty defender of hold page of the Sept. 16 New land isn’t half bad. Mrs. Schaefer, participating in the discussion on United States on the part of the American Way, was quick to York Times: “Couple Returning to th e Tim es reports, “has a keen modern imperialism. The witch democrats and reformers in Latin brand Fulbright as “suffering Saigon — for Chinese Food. ” and earnest interest in many of hunt against Prof. Genovese of America. I myself think it is deep from an indiscriminating infatua­ And it’s not a case of people the foods of the country, including Rutgers for his anti-imperialist and widespread. Nor am I assured tion with revolutions of all kinds from outer space who don’t know the various fruits, such as oranges stand persists. Such intimidation by assertions on the part of ad­ — national, democratic or com­ what’s going in Saigon. Mrs. or mangoes (far larger than you did not deter either one from ministration officials that a num­ m u n ist. ” ber of Latin American govern­ Schaefer says, “It’s not the gay can buy here) wild duck not taking prominent part in the con­ W e n t Easy much larger than a big squab; the ference. ments have secretly expressed place it was a few years ago, but Actually, Fulbright was rather we like it. ” native rice, which she also classes As several critics complained, sympathy for our actions in the as the best in the world; large Dominican Republic while ex­ kind to the administration. He Mrs. Schaefer effectively estab­ some panelists could not shed the crabs; langoustas, or native lob­ abstractness, verbosity and other plaining that of course they could asserted that Johnson acted oh lishes that those who really enjoy sters; fish of all varieties; and defects of their profession. The not be expected to support us the basis of false information and good food, and can afford it, can on the basis of the information native pork. ” better contributions were made openly. have it very nice in Saigon. And, by Eleanor Leacock on Distortions “Why cannot they support us at hand could not have done other apparently, the Schaefers can af­ * * * of Working Class Reality in Amer­ openly, unless it is because their than he did. And he even argued ford it. In White Plains, where that despite such “ aberrations” . as The following are excerpts from ican Social Science, by Professors sympathy does not represent the the residents are generally con­ the Bay of Pigs and the Domini­ an Aug. 5 Saigon dispatch to the Shah and Timothy Harding on the views of their own people and sidered “ well off, ” the Schaefers can adventure, U. S. policy still N ew Y o rk Tim es: economics of contemporary im­ they do not dare to express it occupy “a large home in a wooded was that of promoting democra­ perialism, and by Aileen Kraditor openly? In fact, real enthusiasm and handsomely landscaped sec­ “More than half a million ref­ on American conservatism. for our Dominican adventure has tic reform in Latin America. tion of town. ” ugees from war and floods have crowded into Vietnamese govern­ been confined largely to m ilitary None of this squares with the In Saigon, where they have lived A Highlight ment resettlement camps. . . dictators and ruling oligarchies. established facts. The basis for on and off for the past 12 years, The talk by Maxwell Geismar “Conditions vary from province “The tragedy of Santo Domingo the aggression in the Dominican they live in “ a screened-in, three- on American Fiction and the Cold to province. One observer. . . is that a policy that purported Republic was outlined more than bedroom home of French colonial W ar, in place of the advertised described a typical scene in a camp to defeat communism in the short a year ago. One of Johnson’s first design. ” address by Isaac Deutscher who at Pleiku, in the Central High­ run is more likely to have the acts on becoming president in could not attend for personal rea­ The Schaefers didn’t fall for lands: effect of promoting it in the long 1963 was to appoint his reaction­ sons, was a highlight of the af­ Saigon because, it’s the only for­ ‘“In a filthy hovel a child was ru n . . . ary-minded Texas crony, Thomas fair. The overriding trend in post­ eign place they’ve seen. They’ve sitting on the slats of a bed that “We have lent credence to the Mann, as director of inter-Amer­ war fiction, observed this literary also been around in Africa, where did not have a mat. He was cov­ idea that the United States is ica n a ffa irs . In a M a rc h 18, 1964, critic, was its turn away from Mr. Schaefer deals in textbooks ered w ith filth, his own excrement, the enemy of social revolution in speech Mann ennunciated what social realism and absorption in and medical equipment. and there were flies all over him. Latin America and that the only became known as the “Mann doc­ individualist introspection. “ Let us say, ” Mrs. Schaefer says, There was no water to wash him. ’ choice Latin Americans have is trine. ” That doctrine boiled down The favorite hero, portrayed in “that gourmet cooking is largely “ When a refugee enters a camp, between communism and reaction. to the thesis that the U. S. would current best-sellers like Bellow’s unknown in Africa, but perhaps the government is committed to “If those are the available al­ not stand by if m ilitary machines H erzog and Mailer’s An American Kenya or Dahomey has the most provide him with the means of ternatives, if there is no demo­ were being smashed in Latin D ream , was middle-aged, balding, satisfactory food. ” obtaining a six-month supply of cratic left as a third option, then America, that when such machines self-doubting and self-hating, there is no doubt of the choice were in jeopardy they could count But in Saigon, where Mr. Schae­ rice and a resettlement allowance friendless and narcissistic. The that honest and patriotic Latin on swift, decisive U. S. support. fer represents several companies, of 3, 500 piastres, which is worth novel, along with American cul­ Americans w ill make; they will including General M ills and Good­ about $35 in real goods. . . And this is the fundamental ture and politics, has been out of chose communism, not because year, the eating is something to “The refugee problem encom­ policy of the U. S. on a world touch and out of step with the they want it but because U. S. write home about. passes not only those in camps or scale — a policy of attempting time-spirit. It is essentially con­ resettlement areas but also thou­ policy w ill have foreclosed all to roll back and crush any move­ “We usually have three meals servative in an age of world rev­ sands who have swarmed into the other avenues of social revolu­ ment toward meaningful social a day, ” states Mrs. Schaefer, “ be­ olu tio n . overcrowded towns and cities. The tion and, indeed, all other possi­ change. That’s why the GI’s are ginning w ith a breakfast of native We have come through an era problem in Saigon is manifest in bilities except the perpetuation in Vietnam. And that’s why the oranges, which are marvelous, when the lie and the frameup the form of ragged children sleep­ of rule by military junta and American people are being lied bright green and expensive, and were omnipresent and omnipotent. ing on sidewalks or held in the economic oligarchies. ” to about Vietnam in the same way coffee or Vietnamese tea, which is It is most terrifying that the gov­ arms of their beggar parents.” Little wonder the Senator’s that Fulbright proves they were the best in the world. ” ernment, like the central character speech was greeted with bipar­ lied to about the Dominican ag­ “A ll the sophisticated foods in — Herman Chauka in Mailer’s book, is capable of tisan howls of rage. Republican gression. ÿ*âge F o u r THE MILITANT Monday, September 27, 1965

THE MILITANT R E V I E W S and Editor: JOSEPH HANSEN Managing Editor: BARRY SHEPPARD Business Manager: KAROLYN KERRY

Published weekly, except during July and August when published bl-weekly, by The M ilitant Publishing Ass'n., 116 University PI., New York, N. Y. 10003. Phone CH 3-2140. Second-class postage paid at New York, N. Y. Subscription: $3 a year; REPORTS Canadian, $3. 50; foreign. $4. 50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily represent The Militant's views. These are expressed in editorials. [This is the second half of a re­ bourgeoisie? Worse than that, it Vol. 29 - No. 34 •4fe>345 Monday, September 27, 1965 view of Frantz Fanon’s W retched has the effect of underestimating of the Earth. The first part ap­ the revolutionary capacity of the peared last week. ] working class, which is as harm­ fu l for the kind of revolution That New York Shell Game National Bourgeoisie Fanon wants as underestimating One of the crucial problems for the revolutionary capacity of the Once again, the game of the Democratic Party prim ary has revolutionists in the colonial coun­ peasants. been played in New York City and a large number of radicals tries is the attitude they take My criticism of Fanon’s one­ toward the national bourgeoisie sidedness does not derive from and persons opposed to the U. S. involvement in Vietnam were before and after the struggle for adherence to any dogma that the sucked into it, mainly through having devoted considerable independence. Some of Fanon’s workers in the colonies are or­ energy campaigning for the reform Democrat, Rep. W illiam F. statements on this question are dained, at all stages and under all hard to reconcile. Midway in the circumstances, to lead the colonial R y a n . book, he writes: struggle. Thanks to the weakening Ryan has a certain attraction to the anti-war forces because “The theoretical question that of imperialism on a world scale — while he has not actually opposed U. S. involvement in Viet­ for the last fifty years has been and to the- contradictions of the cold war, it is easier for political nam — he has been more critical than most capitalist politicians raised whenever the history of underdeveloped countries is under independence to be won from im­ and was one of the handful of congressmen who voted against discussion — whether or not the perialism, and it is perfectly pos­ President Johnson’s special Vietnam war appropriation earlier bourgeois phase can be skipped — sible for a colonial country to ought to be answered in the field gain such independence without th is y e a r. of revolutionary action, and not by the leadership of the working class B ut there is one fact deliberately concealed by those who advo­ logic. The bourgeois phase in un­ and a working class party. cate radical participation in Democratic Party primaries. That derdeveloped countries can only But independence, as Fanon is that It is absolutely impossible for a truly independent poli­ justify itself in so far as the na­ recognizes, is only an early stage tional bourgeoisie has sufficient in the revolutionary construction tician — let alone one who is opposed to the capitalist power economic and technical strength of a socialist society. That trans­ structure, which Ryan is not — to win either the Democratic or to build up a bourgeois society, to formation cannot be carried Republican prim ary for any major office. These parties are con­ create the conditions necessary for revolution in industrialized coun­ through to completion without the the development of a large-scale tries do not apply to the problems participation and, 'yes, the leader­ trolled by highly efficient machines with all the weapons such proletariat, to mechanize agricul­ of revolution in the underde­ ship, of the revolutionary workers. as patronage, whose power is brought to bear most effectively ture and finally to make possible veloped countries, where the class And a strategy that tends to ig­ in the prim ary elections. the existence of an authentic na­ structures and conditions are so nore the workers in the early tional culture. ” different. But this service is lim it­ stages makes it more difficult for The machine itself has different elements and is capable of Leaving aside the obvious fact ed and partly vitiated by the ex­ them to make their indispensable considerable flexibility if the interests of the capitalist power that the theoretical question can aggerated and one-sided way in contribution in the later stages. structure demand it, but the party cannot be captured by anyone and ought to be answered both by which he presents the problem. It is true that at the outset of “ logic” and revolutionary practice It is not enough for him to the national struggle, where spon­ opposed to those interests. The only way a Ryan could possibly (as in Leon Trotsky’s theory of point out that the peasants in the taneity plays a bigger role, the win in a Democratic primary is if a significant section of the permanent revolution), what’s colonial countries are a decisive peasants may indeed be readier to machine backs him, and that can only happen if the real estate wrong with the above statement revolutionary force — he also feels act than the workers. For one is that it seems to leave the ques­ the necessity to assert that “the thing, the repressive forces of the sharks, bankers, and other blood suckers who control all signifi­ tio n open. peasants alone are revolutionary.” imperialists are thinner and not cant sections of the machine are convinced he w ill toe the line Yet that is not true of Fanon’s Later, typically, he says that the right on top of them, as in the on all essential matters — regardless of the particular campaign treatment of the question as a “lumpen proletariat” (unemployed towns. (Fanon knows that peasant youth and ex-peasants crowded in­ spontaneity has definite lim its too, demagogy the situation m ight require. whole. For in the passage im­ mediately preceding the one quot­ to shantytowns around the urban which is why he nominates for the peasants an “outside” co-leader­ In this election, as it turned out, Ryan garnered 113, 000 votes ed above, he writes: “In under­ centers) “constitutes one of... the ship — the m ilitant members and to 327, 000 for the winner, Abraham Beame, and 268, 000 for the developed countries, the [national] most radically revolutionary forces radical intellectuals of the na­ bourgeoisie should not be allowed of a colonized people. ” Despite runner up, Paul Screvane. This is a sizable vote for Ryan and tionalist parties who are hounded to find the conditions necessary such forgetful inconsistencies, his indicates widespread dissatisfaction with the heirs of Mayor main thought is that only the pea­ out of the towns by the reformist for its existence and its growth. party leaders and then go to the Robert F. Wagner. But Ryan has helped trap this sentiment in In other words, the combined ef­ sants are revolutionary. rural areas to live, learn and fight fort of the masses led by a party In his zeal to demonstrate this, the capitalist party system. He is now expected to use his in­ alongside the peasants. ) and of intellectuals who are highly he sets out to show that the work­ But if the workers do not re­ fluence to corral these votes behind either Beame or the Republi­ conscious and armed with revo­ ers are not revolutionary (or may­ spond as spontaneously as the can-Liberal candidate Lindsay in the general election. lutionary principles ought to bar be his aim is only to show that peasants at the beginning, they do the way to this useless and harm­ they are not as revolutionary as /’* As usual, the radicals who attempt to “capture” the Demo­ have some advantages over the ful middle class. ” the peasants; I cannot be sure). peasants; properly led, they are in cratic Party end up being captured themselves for policies they That is essentially Fanon’s posi­ H e w rite s : a better strategic position to par­ say they oppose. tion, despite ambiguous statements Relatively Privileged alyze the imperialist enemy and here and there. In fact, it is hard “It cannot be too strongly We suggest that those who want to make their vote count overcome the national bourgeoisie. to find a more damning indict­ stressed that in the colonial terri­ The role of leadership, especially against slums, police brutality and against the Vietnam War, ment of the colonial bourgeoisie tories the proletariat is the nu­ in the early stages of the colonial cast it for the Socialist Workers Party slate headed by Clifton than the one Fanon has drawn up cleus of the colonized population in this book. which has been most pampered by struggle, is more crucial with the DeBerry for Mayor. workers than with the peasants. He charges them in the period the colonial regime. The embryonic Fanon is aware that the workers before independence with greed, proletariat of the towns is in a in the towns are generally led by timidity, obstructing the struggle, comparatively privileged position. Johnson and the Miss. Challenge reformists and conciliators, and he refusing to mobilize or let the rev­ In capitalist countries, the work­ correctly castigates these mis- olutionary masses be mobilized, ing class has nothing to lose; it The defeat of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party’s leaders. collusion and compromise w ith the is they who in the long run have challenge of the illegally elected Mississippi congressmen was a But I do not think he gives imperialists. He charges them after everything to gain. In the colonial adequate attention to the factor of trium ph for the racist rulers of this country, or in a word, the the achievement of formal inde­ countries the working class has working class misleadership and pendence with stooging for the everything to lose; in reality it Johnson administration. It proves beyond any doubt the in­ methods of removing it. This leads imperialists, profiteering, opposing represents that fraction of the capacity of the Democratic Party to enforce the constitutional him too readily to assume that a African unity, encouraging chau­ colonized nation which is neces­ different, a revolutionary leader­ right of American citizens to vote for their representatives in vinist, racial, tribal and provincial sary and irreplaceable if the colon­ ship (which would mean a more rivalries and schisms, prohibiting ial machine is to run smoothly: it government. revolutionary working class) is out more than one party, causing the includes tram conductors, taxi The Sept. 17 vote against the challenge in the House of Rep­ of the question, and therefore degeneration of the single party drivers, miners, dockers, inter­ utopian to work for. Naturally resentatives was 228 to 143. In order to pass, the challenge re­ into a “dictatorship of the bour­ preters, nurses, and so on. It is revolutionary opportunities must quired 218 votes — but there are 295 Democrats in the House , geoisie, unmasked, unpainted, un­ these elements which constitute be seized where they appear, and and the Johnson administration has been able to pass every scrupulous, and cynical, ” and the most faithful followers of the the peasants should not wait until single piece of major legislation it has pushed this year! transforming the leading figure in nationalist parties, and who be­ the workers move. But that’s no the independence struggle, into cause of the privileged place which The fact of the matter is that the Johnson administration reason to act as if they Vrill never “the general president of that com­ they hold in the colonial system has openly lobbied against the MFDP challenge in order to as­ constitute also the ‘bourgeois’ frac­ move. pany of profiteers impatient for * * * sure that the Mississippi Dixiecrats remain in power. Hiding be­ their returns which constitutes the tion of the colonized people. ” hind the “ legal” argument that no one ran against the Mississippi national bourgeoisie.” After independence, he says, Reading what I have written. I Dixiecrats in 1964, Johnson’s cohorts cynically ignore that before And yet, toward the end of the “ the workers are in fact the most am dissatisfied with this review. the 1965 Voting Rights Act only a handful of black Mississippians book, Fanon reprints without com­ favored section of the population, Fanon was dying when he wrote and represent the most comfort­ were allowed to vote in any elections. ment his 1959 statement: “A strug­ this book, and probably knew it; gle which mobilizes all classes of ably off fraction of the people. ” under better conditions he prob­ After the overwhelming support that Negro voters gave the people and which expresses Fanon is not content to say that ably would have produced a more Johnson in 1964, including the support of the MFDP, Johnson their aims and their impatience, some workers are relatively priv­ balanced and therefore rhore per­ apparently felt he had the Negro vote in his back pocket. The which is not afraid to count almost ileged, as compared to the mass suasive. work. He was a dedicated Dixiecrat vote is less secure. In 1964 many of them voted for exclusively on the people’s sup­ of starving peasants, and that this revolutionist, he worked unstint- Goldwater. Others still threaten to bolt the Democratic Party. port, w ill of necessity triumph. ” has an effect on their militancy ingly for a humane world, and he and politics (as it has, for example, deserves much admiration and re­ In order to ensure that the Dixiecrats remain within the Why struggle to mobilize a class on skilled workers in industrial­ spect. I hope my critical tone has Democratic Party, Johnson placed defeat of the MFDP challenge that is “useless and harmful? ” ized countries). No, he has to call not obscured the fact that while high on his priority list. There is an important lesson here for Peasants and Workers them most pampered, most fa­ he did not have all the answers, he the MFDP. Pressure can be brought on the ruling parties to the Fanon performs a valuable serv­ vored, most favorably off — which did raise, and discuss, many of the degree that political groups have strength o u ts id e of and in ice by stressing that the strategies, makes' the reader wonder what key questions. o p p o s itio n to these parties. tactics and slogans appropriate to ever happened to the colonial — George Breitman Monday, September 27, 1965 THE MILITANT Page F iv e Statement of Fourth International Protest Urged in Behalf of Ben Bella PARIS, Sept. 15 (W orld Outlook) — The “Provisional Com­ mittee for the Liberation of Ben Bella” expressed worry today The Crisis in Greece over the fate of deposed Algerian Premier Ahmed Ben Bella The United Secretariat of the A fresh breeze of liberalism swept mirable militancy. But the out­ and asked world opinion to lodge protests with the Boume- Fourth International issued the the country. The masses regained come of the crisis has not yet dienne regime which is presumably holding him incommunicado following Statement September 6: some of their civil and political been decided. Great dangers in an unknown place. rights. It was not much. But as threaten the Greek workers and The crisis that has shaken Up to now, Boumedienne has refused permission for even Greece since the first part of July the masses began moving, regain­ peasants. The forces of reaction Ben Bella’s mother to see her son. “The undersigned, ” the is deepening and moving toward ing self-confidence, Greek capital­ have not yet undertaken to settle committee declared, “worried over the fate of Ahmed Ben a c lim a x . ism and the monarchist camarilla, things by m ilitary force because For almost thirty years dictato­ supported by the representatives they know that such an attempt, Bella, of whom no news has been received up to nearly three rial regimes governed Greece. At of American imperialism, decided under present conditions, would months after his arrest, observes that in any case it is impos­ the end of the Second World War, that the Papandreou government unleash the working masses. But sible for him to provide for his defense, and addresses a press­ the Greek masses, who had al­ was not strong enough to hold they have not at all renounced ing appeal to international opinion to intervene with the ready struggled heroically against back the mounting mass move­ such a course. They are only Algerian leaders to get them to authorize his being visited by the Metaxas dictatorship and "the m ent. waiting for the masses to become his own attorneys, to receive visits, and to be examined by his tired, for their spirit to die down. occupation by Italian and German C o u p -L ik e doctor, in one word, that he be granted the elementary rights fascist troops, took up arms to get Papandreou’s policy in parti­ An operation that closely re­ of a human being. ” rid of the monarchy and capital­ cular fosters this hope among the ism. They were defeated due to a sembled a coup d’etat removed reactionaries. It is a policy which Among those signing the appeal were the famous existen­ Papandreou from power. Carried betrayal by Stalin, who made a the Greek Communist Party is tialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre and his wife Simone de out precipitately, the operation led deal w ith Roosevelt and Churchill backing to the hilt. Beauvoir, the historian and journalist Daniel Guerin, the novel­ to results opposite from those ex­ at Teheran and Yalta, putting Papandreou has openly declared ist Francoise Sagan, and the actress Simone Signoret. pected by its authors. It served Greece in the Western “zone of that all he desires is to maintain to whip up the masses. For some influence. ” The Greek revolution the constitutional monarchy and two months demonstrations have was crushed. Greece became the to keep Greece in the North A t­ continued in Athens, in the towns masses does not turn into a rev­ situations and struggles, without only remaining capitalist state on lantic Treaty Organization; that and countryside. In the big cities olutionary struggle. The present letting themselves be hypnotized the Balkan peninsula. is, in the world’s main capitalist workers and students have been situation thus calls for a bold by the apparent stability of the A dictatorial regime ruled for coalition. He accuses the right struggling in the streets with the, policy in the workers movement, regim e. long years. However, due to a and the court of creating, through police. Up to now the bloody re­ a policy that calls on the masses To the militants of the Greek Common Market boom, Greece their provocations and blunders, a pression has increased the m ili­ not only for a vigorous struggle section of the Fourth Internation­ underwent a certain economic situation in which the masses can tancy of the masses. It is these for their immediate demands and al, who have a rich history of development and some of the escape from control and start a multiple and powerful demonstra­ defense of civil and political liber­ heroic combat and who are en­ bourgeois parties projected ex­ course of action that would li­ tions that have frustrated the ties but also to end the monarchy gaged in the current struggles, pansion pf the internal market quidate the monarchy and the cap­ court’s numerous attempts to buy and to establish a workers and the United Secretariat of the and structural modernization italist regime. Knowing that after off members of parliament who peasants government. The slogan Fourth International sends frat­ (these are the forces behind Pa- so much suffering the Greek would ordinarily respond to such for a referendum poses the alter­ ernal greetings and assures them pandreaou); while the traditional masses place their hopes in so­ offers. No minister has been able native of “monarchy or republic. ” of the whole-hearted solidarity of capitalist circles, particularly the cialism, Papandreou offers him­ to win a vote of confidence in This alternative w ill not have a the International. - It salutes the big shipowners, backed the court self as the last card of Greek parliament despite three attempts favorable outcome unless the memory of Sotirios Petroulas, and the reactionary generals. capitalism. to split the Center Union either masses engage in extraparliament­ member of a group of young stu­ In face of a divided bourgeoisie, ary action, in a general strike. toward the right or to the left. CP Role dents recently expelled from the a mass upsurge began in 1964. The The struggle now demands the right wing was beaten in the elec­ The crisis is tending toward a pre­ EDA (United Democratic Left) for revolutionary situation. It is the Greek Communist formation of big mass organiza­ “Trotskyism, ” who was murdered tions. Papandreou, the leader of Party that is playing this role at tions in the form of defense or the Center Union, gained power. The masses are displaying ad- by the police during a street dem­ present. Although it enjoys the vigilance committees aimed at onstration. support of the majority of the blocking any attempt at a coup Greek workers, who associate it d’etat or a plot by the army or the with socialism, it is refusing to reactionaries and at developing First Tokyo Teach-In inspire the masses by opening up mass action in a great struggle for ECLC Stages the perspective of a socialist re­ a workers and peasants govern­ public. Doing just the opposite, it ment, for a socialist republic. does not even dare advance the The struggle of the toiling Greek N. Y. Teach-In Comes to Abrupt End slogan of a “referendum” which masses is an integral part of the would pose the alternative of international struggle for social­ “monarchy or republic” ; it backs (World Outlook) — A 24-hour your friends. I think thé way the ism. It is of prime interest to the On Liberties U. S. has chosen is very difficult, Papandreou in demanding respect E uropean w o rke rs m ovem ent “teach-in” patterned on the Amer­ NEW YORK — ‘‘Is Radical Dis­ no matter what Ambassador Rei- for the bourgeois constitution; it which must show its readiness to ican experiment in education was sent Possible in America Today? ”, schauer thinks. I can never for­ even demands “ democratization” grant the necessary aid to the scheduled in Tokyo August 14. It was the theme of a meeting at­ give what the U. S. is doing in of the court! In a situation like the Greek workers. Like the Belgian began at 10: 30 p. m. with the tended by over 600 people here Vietnam now. ” present one in Greece, such a poli­ general strike of 1960-61, it dem­ country’s leading commentators, on Sept. 17. The Emergency Civil cy of maintaining the status quo onstrates once again that the Eu­ representatives of political circles He was further quoted by the Liberties Committee sponsored the in face of the efforts of the right ropean proletariat has retained its and former Imperial Army offic­ Tokyo papers as saying, “I went all-night meeting patterned after to overturn it to its own advant­ potential for struggles intact, and ers facing an audience of some 600 to Vietnam and witnessed an the teach-ins. Seventeen speakers age, leads to nothing and can only that relatively small changes in the persons. The subject, as in the American burning a child to death discussed restrictions on dissent, end in draining away the energy political or economic situation are U. S. teach-ins, was the war in with his cigarette lighter. I saw taking up federal, state and city of the masses. sufficient to unleash big mass V ie tn a m . napalm, too. I was ashamed of restrictions, congressional com­ The present situation in Greece struggles that can turn into pre­ Prof. Yoshikazu Sakomoto of myself. . . ” mittees, and restrictions on the is unstable. It can give way to a revolutionary situations. Revolu­ Tbkyo University opened the ma­ As he went on, the Liberal- peace and student movements. rathon session with a 40-minute Democrats became angrier and military crackdown and a new tio n a ry M a rx is t organizations Speakers included James Aron­ introductory presentatidn of the angrier. They claimed that the dictatorship if the upsurge of the must constantly be ready for such son, editor of the National Guar­ characteristics of the South Viet­ moderator had “schemed” it, that d ia n ; Dave. Dellinger, editor of nam freedom fighters, American the speech was unfair and that it Liberation, Allen Krebs, former policy in Vietnam, the attitude of should be stopped immediately. professor at Adelphi University China, the Soviet Union and other The 24 participating speakers "Coalition" Politics Debated fired for his views; Leroy McRae, workers states, the international began to shout at each other. The member of the Socialist Workers im port of the Vietnamese war and audience then joined in. A divi­ Party; Dan Watts, editor of Lib­ what Japan should do to help At N. Y. Militant Labor Forum sion of the house rapidly occurred erator, pacifist leader A. J. Muste; achieve peace. pro and con. NEW YORK — David McRey- dieted. Their reformist outlook Paul Krassner, editor of The Real­ The representative of the ruling “Trembling in excitement, ” the nolds, a spokesman for the So­ leads them to seek a coalition with is t; and Jim Bingham, one of the Liberal-Democratic P a rty de­ chief producer, according to the cialist Party, debated Peter the liberals inside the Democratic three young socialists from Bloom­ fended American policy. The rep­ Sunday Mainichi, ordered his man Camejo, Socialist Workers Party P a rty. ington, Ind., who face a witchhunt resentatives of all the other par­ to convey a message to moderator candidate for President of the City The coalition that those like prosecution for their views. ties attacked it. Tsurumi: “If this confusion con­ Council, here at the M ilitant La­ The debate got hotter and hotter Rustin and McReynolds advocate O v e r 100 people, p a rtic ip a te d in tinues, we w ill cut the broadcast. ” bor Forum on Sept. 17. “Politics but still seemed well under con­ The moderator intervened, is in reality not a coalition at all, panel discussions on the following and the Anti-War Movement” was trol. Finally moderator Shunsuke but a method of subordinating the day, after the all-night session. stopped the bearded American and the topic of the unusual exchange Tsurumi, in charge of the.first movement to the administration, Leroy McRae chaired a panel on apologized. The program moved that took place. part of the program, called on a into its second part. However, said Camejo. “Coalition is not a “Democracy on the Campus. ” Camejo pointed out that the “ bearded American” from the au­ tactical question for the antiwar “Federal Restrictions and What to moderator Nariuasu Muchaku, current movement against the war dience. His name was Carl Ogels- movement, ” he declared. “Inde­ do About Them” and “State and who was in charge of this part, in Vietnam was unique in Amer­ by, a leader of the Students for a pendence from the Democratic City Restrictions and What to Do opened as fo llo w s ; ican history — an organized op­ Democratic Society. and Republican Parties must be About Them” were the subjects “When we lost the war, the position to a war after the shoot­ “Upon hearing that this meet­ a principle on which the move­ discussed in the other two panels. situation was settled on the Em­ ing had begun. It is political in ing would be held today, ” the ment is based. ” peror’s order. But if we must start essence, he said, with a strong press reported Ogelsby as saying, McReynolds made no effort to war again according to the Em­ tendency to turn toward the' poor “ I flew to Japan from the opposite defend his support of Johnson peror’s order, w ill we do it? Or and away from the Establishment side of the earth. The atmosphere in 1964. H e spoke o f it iro n ic a lly Bound Volumes do those who experienced atom and the Democratic Party. is so good that I feel I am one of bombs agree with the U.S. view as a “betrayal” but a “less deci­ of that the use of bombs on Hiro­ Exclusion Issue sive betrayal — the most a social shima and Nagasaki can be just­ Critics of the movement, like democrat can hope for. ” He said ified? Or why have many of those Bayard Rustin and David McRey- he now was for the impeachment The Militant Yours for the Asking who were labeled as war criminals nolds, are worried because of its of Johnson, who he suggested was are available for the years 1950 to by the occupation become prime non-exclusive character embracing insane. 1963 at $8. 50 per volume ($9 out­ For books and pamphlets on Cuba, ministers after being released from all who are opposed to the war — He conceded that the Socialist side the U. S. ) They provide a rich prison? We would like to hear and because of its tendency to Workers Party’s stand for inde­ running history of the McCarthy era, the Freedom Now struggle, the labor about that now. ” turn away from coalition with pendence from and opposition to the civil-rights struggle, the Cuban movement, socialist theory, send lor On hearing that introduction, the Democratic Party, he ex­ the administration was “correct" revolution, the world antl-imperlallst movement. a tree copy of our catalogue. the management of TV Channel plained. Many of these critics, as and “moral” but he asserted, “you 12 panicked. A t exactly 4: 08 a. m., well as the young people in the haven’t convinced many people. ” Send check or money order to the show “War and Peace” went movement, have come to realize PIONEER PUBLISHERS Some form of coalition was the off the air and something less edu­ that it was a mistake to support only practical political alternative, THE MILITANT „ 5 East Third Street cational than a teach-in abruptly Johnson in the last election. The he concluded. There is no place 116 University Place New York, N. Y. 10003 appeared on the nation’s TV critics, however, w ill continue to to go but the Democratic Party, New York, N. Y. 10003 screens. make the same error, Camejo pre- he added in his summary. Page Six:, THE MILITANT Monday, September 27, 1965

FREEDOM FIGHTERS - ■■■■ Toussaint L'Ouverture Questions and Answers By Robin David cated role. He remained pledged the point of re-instituting chattel About Socialism to the Spanish monarchy — and slavery. The Great French Revolution of therefore also to the restoration of With the downfall of the Ja­ 1789 promised “Liberty, Equality the old monarchy in France against cobins, the French capitalists saw and Fraternity” but France main­ [ I n th is column we w ill try to answer questions about socialism and which the French Revolution had common profit with the ex-slave­ tained its colonies and the slavery capitalism. If you have a question you would like to see taken up in this been made — but he continued to holders in a return of slavery to within them. In the richest colony column, please send it in. Comments and criticism are welcome. ] build an independent military San Dominique. To counter this of all, San Dominique (later called power by organizing black slaves. trend, Toussaint began to increase H a iti), the African slaves rebelled, In his debate with David Mc- He proposed black liberation and the colony’s independence, making found a black leader inspired by Reynolds, spokesman of the So­ equality as the program that separate trade agreements with this very same French Revolution cialist Party (see page five), Peter would capture the island for Spain. B rita in and th e U . S. In e a rly 1801, and its triple promise, and com­ Camejo, Socialist Workers Party When Spain rejected this, he made he signed a constitution making pleted the only successful slave re­ candidate for President of the the same offer to the French. the colony virtually autonomous volt in history. New York City Council, answered They, too, refused. and sent it off to Napoleon for Under Toussaint L ’Ouverture’s approval. Napoleon dispatched the question: Why is the Socialist leadership, the black slaves became Verge of Victory 12, 000 troops to San Dominique Workers Party opposed to forming a fighting unit capable of defeat­ The Spanish and their British as his answer. coalitions with or within the ing Europe’s strongest military allies were on the verge of victory Even with Napoleon’s army ap­ Democratic Party? Following is a machine — that of Napoleon. In in the colony when Toussaint proaching, Toussaint dreamed of summary of Camejo’s remarks. a sense, the same qualities that switched and led his troops back invoking the French Revolution In his remarks tonight, David propelled Toussaint to leadership, to the French Revolution. He did against white reaction. He tried to McReynolds has repeatedly em­ also defined his limitations. Born it because the revolutionary gov­ strike a balance between safe­ phasized the point that the work­ the son of a favored slave, he ernment in Paris, having come un­ guarding black liberation on the ing class is a minority, that the never suffered the crushing labor, der control of the left wing, the one hand, and maintaining ties Negro People are a minority, that the terror and dehumanization Jacobins, voted unanimously with France, and the plantation the antiwar movement is a mi­ which were the field slaves’ com­ against slavery. Toussaint then economy, on the other. He had nority — that every group op­ m on lo t. threw himself into leading the even gone so far as to shoot Moise, posed to the system in some way Black slaves in the colony were fight against the Spanish and his nephew, to suppress black is a minority. This isn’t only Dave almost never taught to read and British forces and the counter­ laborers who rose against Tous- McReynold’s view but is the view write. For the most part they revolutionaries among the French. saint’s policies of conciliating the common to those who give left- didn’t even speak French. Tous­ Based on the black ex-slaves, and white plantation owners. wing arguments for working in­ saint, however, received a simple maneuvering between the repre­ Toussaint fought the French side or supporting the Democratic education and was given work sentatives of France, the ex-slave­ army to a standstill, and tried to P a rty. which developed discipline, re­ holders, the mulattoes, the small convince Napoleon that he was You know what the smallest sponsibility and leadership ability, class of urban whites, the British, willing to keep San Dominique as minority of all is? It’s the tiny rising to livestock steward on a Americans and Spanish, Toussaint a colony of France. But Napoleon minority that rules this country Peter Camejo large plantation. soon found himself in full charge had already issued secret orders — the capitalist class. If anyone Though Toussaint hated slavery, of San Dominique. When his to re-instate slavery as soon as needs a coalition, they do. That’s the union bureaucrats — not the the white man had been kind to amazing political finesse could not the blacks were disarmed, and was the only way they can maintain w orkers. him and he had established a com­ solve a problem, his black army accusing Toussaint of “indepen­ their rule. Every social struggle that has fortable position for himself and could. dence” only as a pretext. Tous­ What we want is a coalition ever been won has required a his family by the time the slave He sent the French Commis­ saint, believing France would not without them. And that’s why we break with the minority that rules revolt broke out in 1791. Toussaint sioners home, and started to re­ re-institute slavery, resigned his oppose any form of support to and its organizations. Where kept order on his master’s planta­ build the colony’s economy. He command and went into retire­ the Democratic or Republican would the Vietnamese people be tion for a month, guaranteeing was as successful in this as he was ment in the hopes of avoiding un­ Parties — because the ruling today if they followed the policy the master’s safety, until the re­ in war, but he more and more necessary bloodshed. He was in­ class controls both those parties. of “coalition? ” They’d be with bellion became so deep that the faced the contradiction that was vited into a trap, arrested and It maintains its rule through the General Ky’s party — whatever line was drawn — for or against! to do him in. Throughout his life, sent to France to die in prison of subterfuge of a “coalition” in sup­ party he might organize for the Toussaint chose “for, ” and became he tried to come to terms with maltreatment. port of the Democratic Party. purpose. They had to make a a leader of the blacks. French civilization. He saw the But the black army which he The “coalition” that McReynolds break at some point and organize best in the French Revolution. N egotiated had built went on to defeat the advocates means in reality the independently of their rulers. He never realized that this great French, declare independence, and But very soon he negotiated subordination of every movement MFDP bourgeois revolution, built on the wipe out chattel slavery in Haiti With the slaveholders, asking only for social change to the Establish­ The question of the Mississippi ideals of human equality and dig­ forever. This in turn, gave im­ freedom for 400 leaders of the ment. When he speaks of a coali­ Freedom Democratic Party has nity, would raise the profit motive petus to the anti-slavery struggle rebels and no reprisals against the tion with the unions, what he’s been raised. The Socialist Work­ above these human values even to in the U. S. and elsewhere. rest. The whites refused. Always talking about is a coalition with ers Party is completely in favor "it was the unyielding whites who of the Negro people organizing forced Toussaint further on the MEN OF POWER politically to fight. We just think course of revolution. they’re making a terrible error if - To gain m ilitary advantage, the they try to do this by supporting rebel slaves made common cause the people who are oppressing with the Spanish king, then at them. They don’t even have the war with France. The Spanish, The Gnomes of Europe right to vote for Johnson — and who controlled the eastern part of they said they’d campaign for the Island (now the Dominican By Joseph Johnson makes these decisions. . usual­ plain language is a government- him. He’s the President of the Republic), saw the growing black ly, largely on his own. ” induced recession. Such a recession United States who swore to up­ Who makes the important deci­ hold the Constitution. The Con­ army as a means to capture the “But the central banker’s in­ is necessary, from the point of sions in the European capitalist stitution gives every citizen the other half. They hoped to use the fluence doesn’t stop at his nation’s view of the capitalists, to protect “free world” ? The people through right to vote. When he didn’t en­ black masses as a tool, then re­ borders, ” says the WSJ. “ The deci­ the value of the pound. The un­ their elected representatives and force th is rig h t in 1964 he was turn them to slavery. sions he makes w ill affect deci­ employment that results is all to their governments? Not so, said violating the highest law of the ' -The principal leaders up to that sions in other countries — a fact the good, as they see it. It helps th e W all Street Journal of a while land. To give support to someone point, Jean François and Biassou, of which central bankers are to keep wages down, and thus back, in an article on the “ gnomes who is violating the very law you were bought off by Spanish flat­ acutely aware. So they meet often “solves” the problems of the econ­ of Zurich. ” want to enforce is insanity. tery and riches and participated — usually at the BIS, a sort of omy at the expense of the work­ in schemes to maintain slavery. “In a book-lined conference McReynolds said: “we’ve got central bankers’ central bank — to ers. room, ” the WSJ says, “a small differences but we generally agree But Toussaint played a compli- To the Rescue g ro u p of men gathers to pass exchange ideas and coordinate on what we want — we have policy. This group action natural­ judgment on the British govern­ Italy had the “problem” of low ta c tic a l differences. ” No that’s not ly magnifies their already great ment’s rating as a credit risk, and unemployment and rising wages true! Our differences are not powers tremendously. recently, until its central banker The First 10 Years Of the U. S. government’s chances of ta ctica l. You want the whole holding on to the gold in Fort “Standout example: last No­ Guido Carli came to the rescue. movement to look at the question American Communism K n o x . ” vember speculators were selling A s th e J o u rn a l reports: “ He show­ whether it’s aligned with the * pounds faster than the British “This scene occurs, ” says the ed considerable cold-bloodedness ruling m inority or not as a tactical treasury could buy them to keep WSJ, “not in a James Bond movie, in 1963, when Italy was suffering problem. We believe it’s a ques­ R eport o f a Participant up their value, and devaluation but often at the Basle headquar­ a dizzy wage-price spiral and a tio n o f p rin c ip le . seemed close. In 12 hours of hectic ters of the Bank for International balance-of-payments deficit that It’s a question of principle be­ By Jam es P. Cannon telephoning among themselves, Settlements (BIS). There meet threatened devaluation of the li­ cause no movement w ill win any and across the Atlantic to Wash­ Europe’s central bankers— a group ra. He prepared a program of significant social reforms — the ington, 10 European central bank­ The author it a founder of American of men who wield vast power by credit restrictions and other mea­ problems of the ghetto w ill not ers agreed to lend Britain up to Trotskyism and the only living top managing Europe’s money, but do sures so drastic that the country’s be solved and the war w ill not $2 billion; to help prop the pound leader of the early years of the U. S. it so quietly that the general pub­ industrial production stagnated be stopped — as long as the move­ the U. S. agreed to put up another Communist Party who has not re­ lic, when aware of their existence and unemployment rose consider­ ment is channeled into the Demo­ $1 billion, ” said the WSJ. ab ly. ” pudiated communism. at all, regards them as mystery cratic Party. The WSJ goes on to point out “That Mr. Carli could push men. In Britain they’re sometimes We’d like to see all the people that the gnomes feel that these through such a conservative pro­ The book contains: called, ‘The gnomes of Zurich. ’ ” that are in motion unite and fight Sketches of Foster, Ruthenberg, economic tasks are too important gram under a left-wing Italian the capitalists who rule this coun­ Great Power Browder, Lovestone and others, as for the people to decide and government that includes Social­ try — all of us including David well: as of leading figures in the The article points out the great quotes a Mr. Holtrop, a central ists in its cabinet illustrates the McReynolds. Any day we’ll sit Communist International. power this small group of men banker, as saying: “The value of latitude European central bankers down and work with you and meeting in secret have, how they money is considered by Dutch law have, ” the article points out. work for independent electoral Essays on the Industrial W orkers “have the prime say in raising or as too important to be left exclu­ There are other gnomes beside activity or any other activity of the World, Eugene V. Debs and lowering interest rates, increasing sively to the vicissitudes of poli­ the gnomes of Zurich. There are against the ruling class — but not the socialist movement of his time, or reducing the amount of money tics. ” the gnomes of Wall Street. The fo r it. and the effect of the Russian Rev­ commercial banks have to lend to The central bankers have the big daddy of them all is W illiam olution on the U. S. Negro struggle. business and consumers, easing or economic power to dictate to gov­ McChesney Martin, Jr., the chair­ “The American Beauty rose can restricting the flow of capital into ernments: “They rescued the man of the Board of Governors of be produced in the splendor and 344 pp. — $6. 00 and out of the country, and print­ pound last November only after the U. S. Federal Reserve System. fragrance which brings cheer to ing or refusing to print additional satisfying themselves that Britain His recent speech comparing the its beholder only by sacrificing the Order through: paper money. ” This small group would make a determined long- present boom with the one that early buds which grow up around Pioneer Publishers of capitalist representatives have, range effort to defend sterling by preceded the ’29 crash shook the it. This is not an evil tendency in says the WSJ, “the power to instituting a tight money and stock market. And well it might business. It is merely the working 5 E. Third St., New York. N . Y. 10003 directly defy their governments credit policy. ” W hat a “ tight mon­ — because of the power he has out of a law of nature and a law on financial policy, ” and a gnome ey and credit policy” means in to influence the U. S. economy. of God. ” — John D. Rockefeller. Monday, September 3?, 1965 THE MILITANT Page Seven Letters from our Readers

[T h is co lu m n is an open forum sanely funny novel about World Rev. King Attacks Deacons Need for Left Unity and still today are discriminated, War II, isn’t a work of fiction af­ underprivileged and witch-hunted. for all viewpoints on subjects of Los Angeles, Calif. New York, N. Y. Factionalism among those who general interest to our readers. ter all. The activities of the U. S. The Los Angeles Times rep orted military in Vietnam are running A t a time when unity and soli­ think they are working better or Please keep your letters brief. statements by Dr. Martin Luther some of the more bizarre incidents harder, or better in the courts Where necessary they w ill be King at a rally in Los Angeles darity are the utmost needs of the in the book a close parallel. than on the streets. And weak­ abridged. Writers’ initials w ill be last month. moment, for the survival and used, names being withheld unless The Vietnamese gift-giving hol­ ness and fear among those who Dr. King referred to the Dea­ strengthening of our revived Left, iday of Mid-Autumn Night (sim­ are avoiding and rejecting mergers authorization is given for use. ] cons as “A growing vigilante some minor sad developments or alliances with the peace or ilar, for children, to Christmas) group in the South playing into have appeared on the road toward radical movements for fear of be­ fell on Sept. 10 this year. Ac­ the hands of the racists through Catch-22 Non-Fiction? th a t goal. ing called names, losing the “sup­ cording to a report from Saigon in its policy of meeting violence with New York, N. Y. These sad developments of to­ port” and “friendship” of the Es­ th e New York Times, “U. S. Air violence. ” I have come to the conclusion day, like those of yesterday, stem tablishment, or the masses. And Force pilots, at the direction of Dr. King is equating violence by th a t C atch-22, Joseph Heller’s in- from the same nature — person­ a few who preach and practice American and South Vietnamese the Negroes in defense of freedom psychological warfare experts, alism, factionalism, weakness, fear racism as their white counterparts. and justice with racists’ violence and blindness on the part of the |||||||||||||||||lllllllllllllllllllllli", i|l||||||||||||llllllllllllllllllllllllinilllllt dropped 10, 000 plastic bags filled Our peace movement is divided, to oppress and exploit the Negro leaders. (Immaturity doesn’t ap­ with soap, school supplies and masses. too. There is personalism among 10 Years Ago toys over five North Vietnamese ply, since many dissensions and some leaders who believe they are Dr. King’s policy of nonviolence divisions among the Left have cities. . . American bombing means to disarm the civil rights more mature, and because some of missions continued unabated.” been accomplished by elderly them belong in the Establishment In The Militant movement in face of all the atroc­ ones. ) And apathy and misinform­ The comments of a teen-ager ities inflicted upon the Negroes. the way to speak out should be ftiimiiiiiiiiiHMiimiimiimmiHiiHiiiimmiiimmiimiiimiiumtiimmii ation on the part of the masses. from Wichita, Kan., made in an­ The fraudulent “civil rights moderate and not so militant, PERON RESIGNS RATHER other connection, are most perti­ bills” did nothing to improve the Our labor movement has not youthful and rebellious. THAN SUMMON ARMED WORK­ nent. Taking exception to film political and economic conditions been divided; even worse, it has Only united can we fight the ERS TO STRUGGLE — The Peron critic Bosley Crowther’s review of of the Negroes. They are intended been sold to the masters of gov­ common powerful enemy. Only dictatorship in Argentina ended on the Beaties' latest movie, “ Help,! ” only to pacify the Negroes. ernment (business) by our traitor united can we become a powerful Sept. 19. His overthrow has been — which he characterized as Perhaps Dr. King would change leaders. movement, a powerful mass, and widely advertised as a “ revolution” “good, clean insanity” — the his line of thinking if he would Our civil rights movement is form a powerful opposition polit­ by the U. S. press. In reality, young lady wrote: “ Insanity! You take a lesson from the history of showing signs of division, too. ical party — the People’s Progres­ power was transferred behind a want to look at insanity, you look our Civil War, namely — if not Personalism, factionalism, weak­ sive Party. And bring to our screen of mere m ilitary maneuver­ at Vietnam. . . or Santo Domingo for the armed struggle by the ness and fear have appeared on masses not tokenism or compro­ ing. One group of generals went, or even our own South and Los North to abolish slavery against the road lately. Personalism mise (the continual pattern o f another took its place. But the Angeles. Now that’s insanity. . . the armed resistance by the slave among those already in the Es­ “givings” to the people under this basic crisis of Argentina remains I’m sure the Beatles in all their holders of the South, the Negroes tablishment, and so in power. Or rotten and tyrannical system) but unresolved. ‘insanity’ would not treat others would be living under chattel slav­ those who are seeking a place in the rights and the means that are Peron fell when the army officer like that. ” e ry today. the Establishment, the same sys­ ours. caste, one of the pillars of his re­ U. S. A . S. tem under which they have been, Joseph A. Casanova gime, went over to his opponents— a newly formed coalition of the From a Good Friend possessing classes. These include the representatives of U.S. owned New York, N. Y. concerns, the Argentine industrial, Since I am unable to contribute It Was Reported in the Press banking and merchant capitalists any physical activity to the cam­ paign of Clifton DeBerry and his and the cattle barons and other office gave hint the current title running mates I am enclosing a Fatigue Jackets? — A Sept. 15 Foremost Dairies, a m ilk producer. large landowners (the oligarchs as for such jail-time among inmates modest contribution of $5 w ith my Saigon dispatch to the Chicago Now if a good chemist can de­ they have been designated in Ar­ here. But a check shows that there best wishes for every possible A m e ric a n reports: “United States velop a three-way combination g e n tin a ). m ilitary authorities cracked down are three others approaching that they would have the ■< pe rfe ct The U. S. State Department achievement. today on GIs sporting flashy jack­ mark and more than a dozen who American product. threw its weight behind the coali­ W ith revolutionary greetings. ets advertising Vietnam as ‘hell. ’ have been in jail a month or tion, announcing in advance that Right Off the Rack — What w ith D r. O. E. Moscoso An order.,,. noted that some longer without direct information the rebel regime would get recog­ soldiers in off hours were wearing being filed against them. ” The our notices of special buys a t Tif- nition as soon as it showed that fany’s and Cartier’s, it has been How Brecht Saw It black silk jackets inscribed ‘I know D. A. says the delay in bringing it was in control of the country. — people to trial is usually due to called to our attention that Mar- Toronto, Canada I am going to heaven because I’ve Sept. 26, 1955. a lack of witnesses against them. guery Burke Bolhagen, a designer After reading the headline of already been in hell — Vietnam 1965-66. ’ The order said such dis­ He explains “We can’t perform of ready-to-wear dresses has joined 9iiiiiiim iiiiiim inm iiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiim iiiitiiiiim im m iiiim iim im iiim u| the last issue of The Militant, the staff of Bergdorf-Goodman. plays could adversely affect rela­ miracles. . . ” “U. S. Talks ‘Peace’ W hile it Ac­ She specializes in sim ply designed tions between American troops celerates Bombings in Vietnam,” Howl-In — The American Civil items. Daytime dresses start at 2 0 Years Ago and the Vietnamese and labeled I had to reread a poem by one Liberties Union reports that a $295. Evening ensembles don’t run rfiiiiiiiiiii'iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiim iim iiiiiiim m iim iiiiim m iiiiiiiiiiiiiim iir; them in ‘bad taste. ’” of the greatest poets of this cen­ dozen professors at the University an y h ig h e r th a n $1, 290. HOW RUTHLESS ALLIED IM­ tury, Bertolt Brecht. It reads: Leaves Them Cold — As if the of Oregon took turns reading A l­ PERIALISTS DELIBERATELY contents weren’t enough, scientists len Ginzberg’s poem “Howl” in a F o r the Baby That Has E ve ry­ PLANNED THE FIRE-BOMBING “WHEN THE LEADERS thing — What a wonderful world SPEAK OF PEACE have now disclosed that U. S. news­ test of their own academic freedom OF WORKING CLASS HOMES we live in! Forget about hungry The common folk know papers contain a chemical com­ and freedom of expression as a IN JAPAN — The horror of the pound which inhibits the sexual result of a controversy at Central babies in Africa, Asia and Latin That war is coming. masses of the world over the development of insects. The N ew Oregon College where the college America. Forget about napalm When the leaders curse bombing of civilians by the Ger­ Y o rk Tim es and W a ll Street Jour­ president has banned the reading and fragmentation bombs in Viet­ w a r man imperialists at the beginning n a l were found to be the worst of “Howl” and other poems. nam. An ad by a New York The mobilization order is of the Second World War was ex­ offenders in this regard. firm offers sterling silver diaper ploited to the utmost by the Al­ already written out. ” A Solid Beat, Man — Music w ill pins. Only $4. 95 for a set of two. All the News That Fits — The be piped through the intercom lied propagandists. In contrast to How can any aware person Monogramming extra. Sept. 17 Wall Street Journal re­ system in the newly renovated the Nazi’s indiscriminate bombing maintain that capitalism has ported: “The Pentagon thumbs Elizabeth, N. J., police station. The Pets and Profits — The Amer­ of industrial cities such as Cov­ changed its colours in the few down for now the idea of censor­ chief says: “When the public ican Pet Products Manufacturers entry, said these propagandists, the decades following this poem? The ing U. S. correspondents’ dispatches comes into the headquarters for Association estimates that A m er­ Anglo-American imperialists in­ obvious threat of nuclear bom­ from Vietnam, relying instead on the first time it won’t be struck icans spent $1. 5 billion on their sisted on “pin-point” and “preci­ bardment by the United States, or their voluntary cooperation to with awe. It w ill be a nice friend­ pets last year, with the expendi­ sion” bombing of military objec­ at least the possibility of it in the guard m ilitary secrets. ” ly atmosphere. ” It w ill be nice tures covering a range of products tives only. future, soars miles above the real­ for the neighbors too. The cops from pet food to nail polish to The Allied propagandists, how­ ization of “our” top brains of to­ Florida’s Finest — A dispatch in can turn up the volume while mink-lined raincoats. T h e associa­ ever, did not tell the truth. Not day. These “brains” are compar­ the Sept. 8 St. Petersburg Times “questioning” prisoners. tion noted with satisfaction th at only did the Allies ape the Nazi able to a character from Chau­ from the town of Mulberry re­ this is more money than A m er­ practice of bombing civilians, they cer’s “Canterbury Tales. ” He has ported, “The police chief and two Our Mixed Economy — R u m o r icans spend on food for their went to even more atrocious learned everything about every­ patrolmen were arrested yesterday has it that McKesson & Robbins, babies. lengths. This was revealed by the thing which leaves him utterly and charged with conspiracy to a major producer of drugs and indiscriminate bombing of Ham­ confused and incapable of making commit robbery in connection with whiskey, may be taken over by H a r r y R ing burg, the deliberate bombing of an intelligent statement. two robberies, one of which result­ civilian districts of Tokyo, and E. J. ed in an innocent man being sent finally the two most atrocious to prison. ” crimes in human history, the News of the Left Due Process in Florida — The atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Oberlin, Ohio three Florida cops accused of con­ Nagasaki. INTRODUCTORY SUBSCRIPTION Enclosed is money for my re­ spiracy to commit burglary are A still more horrible aspect of newal. Keep reporting the news lucky that at least charges have Allied bombings of civilians has To reach the widest audience with our of the entire left — that’s what been filed against them. A St. now come to light. The N. Y. Times Petersburg Times dispatch from coverage of the antiwar and Freedom Now of September 2 reveals that the you’re great at. Would be very interested in an Clearwater reports: “Laurence L. movements, we are offering a 4-month in­ Army deliberately studied the Hansen’s 92 days in the county troductory subscription to The Militant homes of civilians, and particular­ in-depth study of the W. E. B. Du­ Bois Clubs. ja il without direct information be­ for $1. ($1. 50 outside of the U. S. ) ly workers in Japan, to find the M . R. ing filed by the state attorney’s most effective way of bombing them . N am e Out of these experiments the Thought for the Week gasoline jelly bomb was “per­ fected with the aid of Standard “Although the 1966 elections are 14 months away, Democratic S tre e t ...... Zone O il and du Pont chemists. ” Fire strategists tend to get the shivers when they contemplate how the war fighters utilizing “what was be­ in Vietnam might influence next year’s Congressional race. As key lieved to be the equivalent of the Democrats presently view the 1966 outlook, the Vietnam conflict shapes C ity S tate best equipment available in a up as the big question mark and the big worry. . . There is a grow­ Japanese city to combat the in­ ing fear in the Democratic camp that as U. S. casualties in Vietnam Send to The M ilitant, 116 University Place, cendiary bombings, found this type inevitably climb higher, American voters in large numbers w ill turn New York, N. Y. 10003. of bomb virtually impossible to against Democratic candidates for the Senate and House. ” — W ash­ p u t ou t. ” — Sept. 29, 1945. ington columnist John H . A v e rill. Page E ig h t Monday, September 27, 1965

GHETTO OUTBREAKS. NORTH AND SOUTH DeBerry Hits Lindsay, Birmingham, Harlem and Watts Beame as 'Machine Men' By Robert Vernon of the liberals, and even ahead of many “radicals. ” The black working class of both By Clifton DeBerry The ruling class itself is not Northern and Southern big cities, Socialist Workers Candidate SWP in N. Y. Files sure how to convince, or whom concentrated in compact, resi­ fo r M a yo r to convince, or of what argument. 14,000 Petitions dential ghettos in dozens of urban Their first response is to tell the NEW YORK •-*- The victory of NEW YORK — On Sept. areas, has exploded at least once world, through the Voice of Abraham Beame in the Demo­ a year in the past three years, 20 the Socialist Workers Par­ America, the Associated Press, cratic prim ary election should dis­ . each time with increasing power. ty filed petitions containing their control of world-wide com­ pel any illusion in the mind of nearly 14, 000 signatures w ith The Birmingham “riot” of 1963 munications media, and their Ne­ progressive-minded voters as to the New York City Board of is the daddy of the uprisings in gro “leaders, ” that the Watts the possibility of obtaining a Harlem and Watts. Thousands of events “had nothing to do with meaningful choice within the Elections, to put its candi­ black: people who were never ad­ civil rights, ” and were deplored framework of the two major par­ dates for the city elections on mitted to: the workshops on non­ by responsible, dedicated civil ties. the ballot. The required num­ violent tactics and who had little rights leaders. The Republicans offer John ber of signatures is 7, 500. interest in either the civil rights This line of reasoning only un­ Lindsay, a silk-stocking liberal The SWP candidates are: a ctics or the civil rights demands, dermines the projected U. S. image running as the favored son of Clifton DeBerry for Mayor, went into action in May 1963. The soak-the-poor Gov. Nelson Rocke­ that its cancer of racism is being Peter Camejo for President retaliation of Birmingham’s black feller. Lindsay’s nomination is cured through The Democratic ghetto for generations of humilia­ generally recognized as a move by of the City Council, Paul Process. Peoples in Latin America, tion sent a shiver of fright and Boutelle for Manhattan Bor­ Asia, Europe and Africa are well the Republican machine to cash in anxiety through all of capitalist on the split among the Democrats ough President, Hedda Garza acquainted with riots, uprisings, Society, from the White House and recoup something from the for Comptroller, and Lynn rebellions, civic strife and revolu­ down to the local Alabama racists. Goldwater disaster. tions. The Russian Revolution was Henderson for Manhattan It also shook up the civil rights not fought for “civil rites. ” The Beame is a long-time machine Councilman at Large. leaders. Chinese Revolution was not fought faithful who made good as the The, Birmingham explosion of L. A. Police Chief Parker to win “equal rights” for Chinese choice of the two most notorious 1963 frightened some slight con­ coolies in the European sections bosses in the New York Demo­ the votes of liberal Democrats who won’t be able to stomach Beame. cessions out of U. S. capitalist so­ of Shanghai. The Cuban Revolu­ cratic Party: Charles Buckley of chants who prey on the pocket- He has two principal selling points ciety. But those concessions to tion was not fought just to deseg­ the Bronx and Stanley Steingut of books of the ghetto poor. in this regard. He ducked taking “The Negro” were directed to regate the beaches. The Vietnam­ Brooklyn. They have both long For the first time, black people what would have been a suicidal the middle-class-oriented civil ese today are not fighting the run their graft-ridden machines as fought back against the oppres­ step in New York of campaigning fights movement, not to the black American aggressors for an in­ faithful servants of the business­ sors not only w ith bare fists, sheer for Goldwater and he has indicat­ ¡working class slums whose furious tegrated cup of tea. The rest of men, bankers and slumlords who courage, bottles and bricks, but ed that he doesn’t favor further explosion wrenched loose those the world begins to wonder: “Just have made this city a hard place also with firearms. Although 31 escalation of the Vietnam war. Concessions. The attitude of Negro what relevance does ‘civil rights’ for poor people to live in. of the 34 fatalities were inflicted What Lindsay doesn’t mention “leaders” was summed up by Mar­ have to all Negroes in America? ” Are Lindsay’s backers any bet­ tin Luther King’s perverse advice on black people, the blood spilled ter? He’s going all out to corral is that while he didn’t campaign U. S. embassies and information that, if any blood were to flow, was integrated. Enemy helicopters for Goldwater in ’64, he did hustle centers overseas are supplying it should be “our blood, ” and by were fired on. Even heavy tanks votes for Nixon in ’60. He has American tourists with folders to the sneering class hatred of King’s roiling through the streets of Los never repudiated Nixon or disas­ help them “explain” Watts to for­ aide, Rev. Wyatt T. Walker, Angeles failed to intimidate or sociated himself from Nixon’s bel­ eigners (who understand where “Those rioters the other night defeat the aroused people. licose demands for a further es­ it’s at better than the American Were hoodlums, winos. . . None Watts, Harlem, Philadelphia, calation of the Vietnam war. And tourists). But the official ex­ of them were our people. ” Rochester show that throwing a this isn’t sheer coincidence. In planation that the “riots” are the few scraps and bones of “civil Congress, Lindsay voted to ap­ The ink on the Civil Rights bill work of “hoodlums. . . small rites” to the Negro middle class prove Johnson’s latest request for of 1964 was hardly dry before nationalist and racist groups” only does not solve the problems of more money to continue the bomb­ the country was rocked by a social serves to refute the propaganda discrimination. As the South gets ing and burning of Vietnam. explosion in Harlem, setting off that class struggle is a myth in to be more like the North, the Clearly neither Lindsay nor a shock wave which touched affluent America. \ Brooklyn, Rochester, Jersey City, struggle of black people in the Beame offer the opportunity to Unfortunately for the ruling vote against the war in Vietnam, Paterson, Chicago, and a mighty South will become fiercer and class and its Way of Life, nothing to vote against discrimination and eruption in Philadelphia. Out­ deeper, not milder or more re­ its leaders are w illing to part with police brutality in New York, to bursts of comparable intensity oc­ strained. in the way of concessions (scraps vote for a program of decent curred in the South, in Jackson­ Not only is the U. S. capitalist from the table), or could give homes and schools, to vote for an ville and St. Augustine. class incapable of coping with even if they wanted to, w ill ever end to sweatshop jobs and scab I: The Watts explosion of August these events but the white and win them social peace, loyalty, wages. Those who want to cast 1965 dwarfed those of Harlem, Negro middle class elements respect for law and order, love that kind of a vote should support Rochester and Philadelphia the championing the cause of civil of God and Country, and other the Socialist Workers Party in this y e a r before. W hereas the 1964 rights, the cause of making the wished-for things from the im­ Clifton DeBerry cam paign. events each lasted three nights, South more like the North, are poverished black masses of Birm ­ no matter what the police and equally out of it. When L. B. ingham, Watts, Harlem, Philadel­ o th er authorities of ruling-class Johnson voices anxious thoughts phia, Chicago, Rochester, or Wash­ law and order did or did not do about the possibility of similar ington, D. C. The gulf between in response, Watts raged on developments in Washington, D. C., Anti-War Fighter Sentenced white capitalist ' America and where black people account for fiercely for seven days and nights black America is not much nar­ before the fury spent itself. As 60 percent of the population, we rower than the gulf between white in Philadelphia the year before, can see that even dim-witted rul­ To 5 Years for Draft Refusal capitalist America and the people ghetto dwellers undertook a “re­ ing class figures are capable of of Vietnam. NEW YORK, Sept. 20 — A fed­ ally registered for the draft. In distribution of wealth” at th e e x ­ “getting the message” to an ex­ “Civil Rites” is not much of a eral judge has sentenced David 1961, after participating in dem­ pense of the leech-like white mer- tent, and are in that respect ahead concession to offer black people Mitchell, a 22-year-old New onstrations against Polaris atomic crowded in the slums of the na­ York bookstore clerk, to a prison missile submarines, he wrote his tion’s big cities. North or South. term and a $5, 000 fine for refus­ local board saying he would re­ We already “enjoy” civil rights ing to report for draft induction fuse induction. He was called on Socialist Candidate Backs Mothers and desegregation, legally and on on grounds of opposition to the June 10, 1964 and refused to ap­ paper (in the North particularly). Vietnam war. He was freed on pear. No action was taken, how­ The “ war” on poverty is not much $5, 000 bail pending appeal. The ever, until mid-1965, when, after In Boston Fight for School Busing of a concession, and not much of sentence, which w ill run five years the second refusal to appear, M it­ unless the youth agrees to enter chell was indicted. CAMBRIDGE, Mass. — Gershon They have asked the school com­ a “war” either. The real war on the armed services after serving Horowitz, socialist candidate for mittee to accept financial respon­ this side of the ocean is the one Mitchell’s defense brief declares 18 months in federal prison, is Cambridge City Council, has de­ fought by the police, and the in essence that the draft call is sibility for the cost of busing close to the maximum allowed clared his support for the be­ National Guard when required, constitutionally invalid because it their children, but were uncer­ under the law. It is viewed as leaguered Negro parents of the against black people. is being used to implement uncon­ emoniously denied any funds part of a government campaign Roxbury section of Boston who are In fact, there is n o th in g tha t stitutional actions such as the in­ whatsoever. to attempt to nip in the bud the trying to secure a better educa­ can be legislated by the U. S. Con­ vasion of Santo Domingo and the “The problem of overcrowding growing opposition among young tion for their children. The par­ gress dominated by Democrats war in Vietnam. in the schools, ” said Horowitz, m6n to being sent to the unjust ents have organized “Operation and Republicans or that can be In handing down the sentence “can be solved by spending large war in Vietnam. Exodus, ” transporting their chil­ arranged within the context of Sept. 16, District Judge William sums of money to improve school dren out of overcrowded ghetto the American capitalist Way of New Penalty Timbers said he intended it as “a facilities. This could be done im ­ schools to uncrowded, predom­ Life, that w ill ever satisfy or win Another measure in this cam­ sharp warning to anyone who mediately if the vast sums of mon­ inantly white schools. the hearts of black ghetto people. paign is the law providing similar thinks he can avoid m ilitary serv­ ey now being spent on war were “Three schools located in the Decades of segregation, dis­ pe^pdties for destroying draft ice. ” D raft boards across the coun­ used for schools, hospitals, low- heart of the ghetto, ” Horowitz crimination, humiliation, pauperi­ cards in protest, which was hastily try, however, report increasing rent housing, etc. In the mean­ pointed out, “were designed to ac­ zation, degradation, deprivation, passed by Congress last month and problems in filling their quotas, time, demands for immediate stop­ com m odate a m a x im u m o f 1,445 superexploitation, and every other signed by President Johnson after according to the Sept. 21 C h ristia n gap measures such as busing p u p ils. L a st year, how ever, 2, 342 kind of —ation, are not going to a draft-card burning demonstra­ Science Monitor. should be supported. students were jammed into these be alleviated or corrected by a tion occured in New York. The number of youths willing schools, while there were an es­ “The city of Cambridge should stroke of the pen, a few assuring Mitchell, who is basing his to spend years in jail to protest timated 8, 000- 10, 000 empty places offer financial aid and space in words of liberal rhetoric, or by challenge of the draft on the pre­ the draft is very small, but the in the ‘white’ schools. These facts the Cambridge schools for these War-on-Poverty social work and cedent of the Nuremberg trials number seeking to gain exemp­ give some indication of the extent children who are victims of a c h a rity . of Nazi war criminals after World tion by numerous other means is of the problem. ” racist city administration. ” Anyone who disagrees with this War II, said “the individual has increasing drastically. “The gen­ Horowitz blasted the Boston Horowitz, a member of the So­ estimate should not try arguing both the right and the obligation eral public, ” reports Michigan school committee for voting to cialist Workers Party and the with revolutionary socialists. Let to disassociate himself from any Selective Service director Gen. prohibit any expansion of school Young Socialist Alliance, is the them try to convince the -black complicity” in war crimes. Arthur Holmes, “doesn’t seem to busing to help meet the problem. only candidate in the Cambridge people of Watts, Harlem, Philadel­ He was tried in federal court in understand the necessity of the “Operation Exodus” is financed elections to voice support to phia, Rochester, Birmingham and New Haven, Conn., where his draft for a war way over there in by the. Negro parents themselves. “ Operation Exodus. ” other ghettos. parents live and where he origin­ A sia. ”