5200 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973
ORDER FOR RECOGNITION OF SEN be cousin, the junior Senator from West DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ATOR ROBERT C. BYRD ON MON Virginia (Mr. ROBERT c. BYRD)' for a James N. Gabriel, of Massachusetts, to be DAY period of not to exceed 15 minutes; to be U.S. attorney for the district of Massachu Mr. ROBERT c. BYRD. I ask unani followed by a period for the transaction setts for the term of 4 years, vice Joseph L. mous consent that following the remarks of routine morning business of not to Tauro. exceed 30 minutes, with statements James F. Companion, of West Virginia, to of the distinguished senior Senator from be U.S. attorney for the northern district of Virginia (Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR.) on therein limited to 3 minutes, at the con West Virginia for the term of 4 years, vice Monday, his would-be cousin, Mr. RoB clusion of which the Senate will proceed Paul C. Camilletti, resigning. ERT C. BYRD, the junior Senator from to the consideration of House Joint Reso lution 345, the continuing resolution. IN THE MARINE CORPS West Virginia, the neighboring State just The following-named officers of the Marine over the mountains, be recognized for not I would anticipate that there would Corps for temporary appointment to the to exceed 15 minutes. likely be a rollcall vote--or rollcall grade of major general: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without votes--in connection with that resolu Kenneth J. HoughtonJames R. Jones objection, it is so ordered. tion, but as to whether or not the Senate Frank C. Lang Charles D. Mize will complete its consideration of that Robert D. Bohn Norman W. Gourley resolution on Monday, I cannot say. Sen Edward J. Miller TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE MORN ators may be alerted, however, I repeat, ING BUSINESS ON MONDAY to the likelihood of rollcall votes on Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, Monday. CONFIRMATIONS Following the disposition of the con I ask unanimous consent that following Executive nominations confirmed by the remarks of the junior Senator from tinuing resolution on Monday or Tues day-whenever it may be-the Senate the Senate February 22, 1973: West Virginia on Monday next, there be SECURrrIEs AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION a period for the transaction of routine will return to the consideration of those committee money resolutions which are The following-named persons to be mem morning business of not to exceed 30 bers of the Securities and Exchange Com minutes, with statements therein limited on the calendar, but which were carried mission for the terms indicated: to 3 uinutes. over today by unanimous consent, to John R. Evans, of Utah, for the remainder The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without gether with other committee money reso of the term expiring June 5, 1973. · objection, it is so ordered. lutions which are to be reported today Philip A. Loomis, Jr., of California, for from the Committee on Rules and Ad the remainder of the term expiring June 5, ministration, they being the resolutions 1974. ORDER FOR CONSIDERATION OF dealing with moneys for the Committee G. Bradford Cook, of Illinois, for the term HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION 345, on Foreign Relations and the Committee expiring June 5, 1977. MAKING CONTINUING APPROPRI on the Judiciary. U.S. COAST GUARD ATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR 1973, ON So that is about it, Mr. President. Coast Guard nominations beginning Leon MONDAY, FEBRUARY 26 Again I say I expect rollcall votes on A. Murphy, to be captain, and ending Thomas L. O'Hara, Jr., to be captain, which nomina Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, Mond'ay, and I expect rollcall votes on tions were received by the Senate and ap I ask unanimous consent that on Mon Tuesday. peared in the Congressional Record on Jan day next, at the conclusion of routine uary 12, 1973; and Coast Guard nominations beginning Wil morning business, the Senate proceed to ADJOURNMENT UNTIL MONDAY AT the consideration of House Joint Reso liam D. Harvey, to be captain, and ending 11:30 A.M. Stanley H. Zukowski, to be ensign, which lution 345, the continuing resolution. nominations were received by the Senate The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, and appeared in the Congressional Record on objection, it is so ordered. if there be no further business to come January 16, 1973. before the Senate, I move, in accordance with the previous order, that the Senate NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION stand in adjournment until 11 :30 a.m. on National Oceanic and Atrr.ospheric Ad Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, Monday next. ministration nominations beginning David the program for Monday next is as fol The motion was agreed to; and at 3: 56 J. Goehler, to be lieutenant, and ending Jan lows: p.m. the Senate adjourned until Monday, W. McCabe, to be lieutenant, which nomina The Senate will convene at 11 :30 a.m. February 26, 1973, at 11 :30 a.m. tions were received by the Senate and ap After the two leaders or their designees peared in the Congressional Record on Feb ruary 15, 1973. have been recognized under the stand (The above nominations were approved ing order, the distinguished senior Sena NOMINATIONS subject to the nominees' commitment to tor from Virginia (Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, respond to requests to appear and testify JR.) will be recognized for not to exceed Executive nominations received by the before any duly constituted committee of 15 minutes, to be followed by his would- Senate February 22, 1973: the Senate.)
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS
NICOLAUS C ~RNICUS, earth stood unmoving as the center of emy's teachings, Copernicus believed GIANT OF HISTORY the universe. Nicolaus Copernicus boldly that the earth hurtles rapidly through challenged this theory and through his space and that man does not see this studies provided the foundation for mod motion because he travels with the earth. HON. JACK F. KEMP ern astronomy and our present day ex In pointing out Ptolemy's error, Coper OF NEW YORK plorations of space. nicus quoted an ancient poet to the efiect IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Copernicus was born in Torun, Po that the shore and the port move away land, on February 19, 1473 and studied from the departing ship, or so it seems to Wednesday, February 21, 1973 mathematics, law, medicine, and astron the passenger on the deck of the vessel. Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, this month omy at Cracow, Bologna and . Padua. The passenger is unaware of the ship's we pause to pay tribute to two great lead Early in his career, Copernicus noticed motion which is carrying him away and ers of our Nation, George Washington what he considered to be serious defects therefore comes to the conclusion that and Abraham Lincoln, but February also in the Ptolemaic astronomical system the land is receding from him. marks the birthday of another giant of which he had been taught. Unlike those In his book written in 1543, "Concern history-Nicolaus Copernicus of Poland. who had gone before him, Copernicus ing the Revolutions of the Celestial Fourteen hundred years before Coper challenged 1,400 years of tradition and Spheres," Copernicus demonstrated how nicus' birth in 1473, the astronomer Ptol dared to formulate his own astronomical the earth's motions could be used to ex emy had formulated the theory that the theory. In direct contradiction to Ptol- plain the motions of other heavenly February 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5201 bodies. This work laid the foundation for the medical school at Padua, Italy, leaving Oddly enough, one of the original Nurem Sir Isaac Newton's principle of gravita for a time to lecture on astronomy at Rome burg editions is located in the Buffalo Mu tion, Galileo's telescopic discoveries and and to take a doctorate in canon law at Fer seum of Science rare book collection, and Johannes Kepler's planetary laws. Be rara. In 1505 he went back to Poland where this is a puzzle worth unraveling. How did he remained for the rest of his life, spend our museum acquire this rare ~ook having a hind today's travel to the moon and our ing the greater part of his time in religious market value of well over $25,000? preparations for future space explora duties administering to the sick and in Preliminary investigations show that the tion stands the work of Copernicus of digent. book was acquired in the middle •sos by Dr. Poland. During his lifetime, he was best known for Albert Sy, a retired professor of biochemistry During the month of February, Ameri a coinage-reform system which he presented at the old University of Buffalo. On his re cans of Polish descent and the scientific to the Diet in 1522. However, he devoted an tirement he opened a bookstore on Elinwood community are celebrating the 500th an enormous amount of time to astronomy, par Avenue. His source is unknown. The book ticularly to the development of the Coper was purchased by Chauncey Hamlin and niversary of Nicolaus Copernicus' birth. nician System, which was summed up in a presented as a gift to the Science Museum In my District of Western New York, the book "De Revolutionibus Orbium Coeles about 1938. The amounts involved in these Polish community and its many friends tium" (Concerni.ng the Revolutions of the transactions are not known. It is doubtful, have planned an impressive program of Heavenly Bodies) which although completed however, that the true value of the book wai> events at the State University College in 1530, was not published until immediately known at that tim~. campus and other campuses and at area before his death. Dr. Geingerich made A.nother observation cultural and civic clubs. Schoolchildren The two chief contributions of the Coper while ex:..mining the Buffalo copy at the have been invited to compete for prizes nican System are: museum prior to his appearance at Buffalo 1. The fact that the Earth and planets State College on Feb. 3. The copy owned by in an essay contest related to Copernicus' revolve in orbits around the sun. the Kosciuszko Foundation in New York City life and studies. This outstanding series 2. That the Earth ls spinning on its north and now in the Copernicus Exhibit in the of events honoring the great Polish sci south axis from west to east at a rate of one IBM Building in that city, has several fac entist has been originated by the Coper rotation per day. simile pages used to replace missing or dam nicus 500th anniversary program com He laid the groundwork for the Coper aged portions of that book. He identlfl.ed the mittee of Buffalo, N.Y. nican Age of scientific discovery as a result Buffalo Science Museum copy through a sig The Buffalo Courier Express recently of which his birthday is being celebrated far nature on the copied pages as the one used published an excellent account of Buf and wide this year, particularly by Polish to reproduce the Kosciusko facsimile. American communities of Buffalo, Chicago A facsimile of the Copernicus autograph falo's plans to pay tribute to Copernicus and other large U.S. cities and all peoples of (handwritten copy) of "De Revolutionibus" and I include the column at this time in Polish ancestry. is on exhibit during the month of February my remarks: STORY OF PUBLICATION in the Edward H. Butler Library on the [From the Buffalo (N.Y.) Courier-Express, Buffalo has an important part in the Buffalo State campus. The copy on exhibit Feb. 9, 1973] Copernican story. And it is a rare-book mys- is a gift to the Copernicus 500th Anniversary BuFFALO HONORING COPERNICUS tery which readers may solve but which we Program Committ ee by Dr. and Mrs. F . T. may well meanwhile treasure as a civil asset Siemankowski. · (By Anne Mcllhenney Matthews) of monumental proportions not only money- Buffalo ls particularly Copernicus minded wise, but world-wide in importance. Here is I am proud to say that many thou this month and rightly and remarkabl~ so. the step-by-step account of why we have sands of citizens of Polish heritage re For one thing, this is a prideful city of this and why everybody should go see it. It side in my District in Erie County, N.Y. people of Polish origin and Copernicus is ls "our heritage." I know that they are £B pleased as I have somebody for them to strut about. Since it In 1540 a young visitor came to Frombork, been to learn of the many other events is the 500th anniversary of his birth, a hard- Poland, to search out the Polish astronomer, which have been scheduled nationwide working committee planned well and in ad- Nicolaus Copernicus, and to learn more vs.nee to mark this occasion with star-stud- about the heliocentric theory of the universe to honor Nicolaus Copernicus and to ded events. Headed by Dr. Francis T. Sie- that Copernicus was developing. He was bring his accomplishments to the atten manski, a professor at Buffalo State College, George. Joachim von Lauchene, professor of tion of the American people. 300 members worked to make this a fitting · mathematics at the University of Witten My distinguished colleague, the Hor:or celebration for the great astronomer and berg. He is best known as Rheticus. able THADDEUS J. DULSKI, has introd-..:ced mathematical genius. Rheticus came to Frombock armed with legislation, that I strongly support, Dr. Howard G. Sengbusch, professor of biol- five printed books to show the aging canon, which request-s the PresUent to designate ogy at Buffalo State assisted by the Rev. Nicholaus Copernicus, what a new invention, the week of April 23 as "Nicolaus Co John Suplicki, pastor of Our Lady of Czes- the printing press could do to revolutionlze tochowa Ohurch, Cheektowaga scheduled the communications. Copernicus was so im pernicus Week," in addition, the Smith following speakers: pressed by these printed books that he con- sonian Institution has scheduled evP.nts Feb. 12-Prof. James R. Orgren, planetar- sented to have his manuscript, "De Revolu honoring Copernicus during the week of ium director at Buffalo State, will present a tionibus Oribum Coelestrium" (On the Rev April 23 and on that same date, the U.S. program on "Copernicus Astronomy." olutions of the Heavenly Spheres), prepared Postal Service will issue a special Co Feb. 19-Dr. Franklin C. MacKnight, sci- for publication. pernicus commemorative stamp. ence historian at Buffalo State will speak Rheticus spent the next two years study- The work of Nicolaus Copernicus has on "Intellectualism of Copernicus." tng with Copernicus and in his spare time he Feb. 26-Dr. Stillman Drake of the In- made a handwritten copy of the manuscript. touched the lives of each one of us. stitute for the History of Philosophy of Sci- He later journeyed back to Germany and Polish-Americans everywhere can be ence and Technology at the University of gave it to the noted printer, Johannes justly proud of their heritage and of the Torum will speak on Copernicanism 1n Petreius, in Nuremburg, to have it set in accomplishments of Nicolaus Copernicus, Bruno, Kepler and Gallleo." type. giant of history. The month-long celebration was opened The manuscript was printed and bound on Feb. 2 with a formal reception held at the in 1543. Little did Petrieus realize what a Edward H. Butler Library on the Buffalo monumental book he had published. It was State campus and was arranged by the Hos- "De Revolutionibus" that opened a new era KUPCINET MERITS DANTE pitality Committee chaired by Mrs. Emily in the history of astronomy. The book can mv Lubelska, president of the Polish Arts Club be considered the foundation of modern AWARD of Buffalo. science. Without the concepts developed in FEBRUARY 19 IS ANNIVERSARY the book, it would have beeen impossible for HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO February 19 is the 500th anniversary of the such men as Kepler, Galileo and Newton birth of Nicolaus Copernicus, the Polish to make their great contributions, for how OF :ILLINOIS astronomer who developed the so-called co- could we explain universal gravitation, the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES perican System, a revolutionary concept con- revolutions of the planets, or for that mat Wednesday, February 21, 1973 tradicting 15 centuries of the general belief ter, launch a rocket to the moon, if we per that the Earth was the center of the universe sisted in believing the Earth to be the center Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, I take and that all heavenly bodies revolved around of the universe? this opportunity to congratulate Mr. Irv it. BUFFALO HAS RARE COPY Kupcinet, who will receive the second Born in Torun, Poland, Nicholas Coperni- How many copies of the Nuremburg edition annual Dante Award of the Joint Civic cus--or Mikolaj Kopernik-was a student of were printed is not known but an exhaustive Committee of Italian Americans on math and science at the University of Kra- search by Harvard professor. Dr. Owen Gein kow and studied astronomy and canon law gerich, who recently addressed the Coperni March 7 at a luncheon in his honor at at the University of Bologna. In 1497, he cus 500th Anniversary Program Committee the Sheraton-Chicago Hotel. Irv Kup_ returned to Poland where he was made canon at Buffalo State, has uncovered 170 existing cinet is a Chicago Sun-Times columnist of Frauenburg. That same year he entered copies-40 of which are in the United States. whose "Kup's Show'' over WMAQ-TV, 5202 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973 in memory of all who, by their service tive sons from at least eight of the thirteen Channel 5, in Chicago has proved a con states, future Governors of Virginia, Mary sistent prize winner because of its and sacrifice, helped win our independ land, and Kentucky, and future Congress excellence. ence as a nation. men from Georgia, South Carolina, Virginia, The Dante Award has been established The Battle of Eutaw Springs, Septem Maryland, and Kentucky; and to extend recognition annually to an in ber 9, 1781, was one of the six battles of Whereas, among the numerous heroes of dividual in the mass media communica the Revolution in which a medal in the battle were: tion field who has made a positive con honor of victory was awarded. Heroes of Rhode Island-Major General Nathanael tribution toward fostering good human the Revolution who fought at Eutaw Greene, the fighting Quaker, next to Gen relations. Springs include native sons from at least eral George Washington the greatest General eight of the 13 Colonies, future Governors officer of the Revolution, counties in fourteen Dante Alighieri, in his "Divine Come states honor his memory. dy" said, "Men should never be timid of Virginia, Maryland, and Kentucky, Delaware-Captain Kirkwood, the fl.nest about the truth." Irv Kupcinet is not and future Congressmen from Georgia, company commander of the war, a member one to simply sit and talk about injustice. South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, of the "Blue Hens Chickens", Delaware's With characteristic strength and enthu Maryland, and Kentucky. Continental Line. siasm, he has become a leader in good Mr. President, as we prepare to cele Maryland-Lt. Colonel John Eager Howard, human relations in his work to aid and brate the Bicentennial of the American awarded a medal for Cowpens, a great soldier, encourage the downtrodden. Revolution, I think it would be only later a Governor and United States Senator fitting for Congress to commemorate from Maryland, referred to in "Maryland, My Mr. Kupcinet has been a journalist Maryland", the Maryland State Song, coun for almost four decades and has spent Eutaw Springs as a national battlefield. ties in six states honor his memory, General more than three of them as a columnist. On behalf of the junior Senator from Otho H. Williams, another great soldier of the He has been a radio broadcaster for 25 South Carolina Paulus Hook, New Jersey, later journalism from the University of North A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION Governor of Virginia and Congressman, Dakota, where he also played football. Expressing support of the South Carolina Father of General Robert E. Lee. A member of the 1935 All-Star squad, General Assembly for the development of a North Carolina-Members of the North Eutaw Springs National Battlefield and to Carolina. Militia and the members of the Kupcinet played pro ball with the Phil memorialize the Congress of the United North Carolina Continental Line under Gen adelphia Eagles, and later officiated in States to enact such legislation. eral Jethro Sumner served with great gal the National Football League for 10 years. Whereas, the Battle of Eutaw Springs, Sep lantry. Their number was greater than the In 1948 he became the "color" voice of tember 9, 1781, was one of the hardest fought troops of any other state. John B. Ashe, a Chicago Bears radio broadcasts. battles of the American Revolution; and major with General Sumner's Command later "Kup's Column" began in 1943 when Whereas, the Battle of Eutaw Springs was served in Congress from North Carolina. he switched from the sports beat. The one of the six battles of the Revolution in South Carolina-The South Carolina which the Continental Congress awarded a Militia, the forces of General Francis Marion, column is widely syndicated and Irv medal in honor of the victory, the others General Thomas Sumter and General An Kupcinet has become a household word being: Washington Before Boston, 1776; drew Pickens served and fought with great not only among entertainers and show Saratoga, 1777; Stoney Point, 1779; Paulus distinction in the battle. Sumter, "the Game business personalities but among states Hook, 1779; and Cowpens, 1781; and cock", was unable to be present, but many men here and abroad. More than 5,000 Whereas, in 1972 the Congress of the of his men fought under the famous Colonel guests have joined him in "the livel~ United States passed legislation creating the Wade Hampton I, later a member of Con art of conversat.ion" on "Kup's Show." Cowpens National Battlefield which was · gress from South Carolina and a General in Dante Alighieri, author of "The Divine signed into law by President Richard M. the War 1812. Francis Marion, "the Swamp Nixon; and Fox", is a legend of the American people. Comedy," in whose name the Dante Whereas, the Battle of Eutaw Springs was Seventeen states have a county named in Award was established by the Joint Civic the climax of Major General Nathanael his honor, a number exceeded only by Gen Committee of Italian Americans-an Greene's brilliant campaign to free the South eral Washington of the American m1litary umbrella organization comprised of more from British tyranny, the British retreated heroes and the Revolution. General Andrew than 40 civic organizations in the Chi from the battlefield to Charleston the day Pickens, a native of Pennsylvania, later cago area-was a champion of truth in after the battle; and served as a member of Congress from South his time. Irv Kuocinet, with his ability Whereas, the presentation of the Eutaw Carolina.. Three states have a county that Springs Medal and Battle Flag to General honors his memory. Colonel William Wash to squarely and honestly face the issues Greene by Henry Laurens in behalf ington, a native of Virginia and recipient of our day, has become a champion of of the Continental Congress is one of the of a medal for Cowpens was conspicuous with truth in our time. six panels of history on the bronze doors of his bravery. The flag of his troop, "The Eutaw Again, I congratulate him on meriting the United States House of Representatives Flag", is held in trust by the Washington this recognition and honor, and I extend which were cast in 1902; and Light Infantry of Charleston, South Car.-:; my best wishes to Irv Kupcinet for abun Whereas, President John Adams stated that lina. "Carolina", the South Carolina State dant good health and continuing success history would record that the importance of Song, by Henry Timrod mentions the heroes Eutaw Springs was equal to Yorktown; and of Eutaw Springs. in his endeavors in the years ahead. Whereas, both the American and British Georgia--Colonel Samuel Hammond served forces fought with great gallantry at Eutaw in the Battle of Eutaw Springs and through Springs, the British forces, which numbered out the Revolution with distinction. After some two thousand, suffered forty percent the Revolution he served as a General in tlie THE DEVELOPMENT OF A EUTAW casualties, a. percentage unequaled by them Georgia Militia and represented Georgia in SPRINGS NATIONAL BATTLE in any other major battle except Bunker Hill Congress. FIELD which was fifty-two percent. The American Missouri--Colonel Samuel Hammond while Forces which consisted of approximately a member of Congress from Georgia was ap twenty-four hundred suffered twenty percent pointed by President Thomas Jefferson, the HON. STROM THURMOND in casualties; and first civil and military officer for the upper OF SOUTH CAROLINA Whereas, the total number of casualties Louisiana Territory, later called the Missouri at Eutaw Springs exceeded the number at Territory. Colonel Hammond in 1820 was IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES the Battle of Yorktown; and elected the first president of the Territorial Thursday, February 22, 1973 Whereas, a. close scrutiny of the American Council of Missouri. soldiers at Eutaw Springs will reveal that Kentucky-Lt. John Adair, a member of Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, on they were experienced, courageous and patri Sumter's command, fought at Eutaw Springs, February l, 1973, the South Carolina otic. Greene's Army consisted of continentals served in the South Carolina Legislature and General Assembly passed a concurrent and militia. They were soldiers who fought moved to Kentucky as a young man. He be resolution memorializing the Congress to with great gallantry, men who served their came a member of Congress from Kentucky enact legislation that will provide for the country with distincton in war and in peace; as UnitJed States Senator and a Major Gen Eutaw Springs National Battlefield in and eral in the War of 1812 who fought at the honor of the patriots who gave their Whereas, many legendary heroes of the na Battle of the Thames in Canada and com lives in the battle of Eutaw Springs and tion fought at Eutaw Springs including na- manded the Kentucky Volunteers in the Bat- February 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5203 tie of New Orleans. In 1820 he was elected mile, not once but several times, with one and Dr. John Dunlop, have flatly refused Governor of Kentucky. agency once again, but to no avail as even to meet with Good Samaritan rep France-Count Malmedy of France offered have my distinguished Ohio friends in his services to the American cause. In the resentatives. Battle of Eutaw Springs he commanded the the other body' Messrs. WILLIAM B. SAXBE Accordingly my constituents sought North Carolina Militia. and ROBERT TAFT, JR. We have been my help once again and learned that Poland-Count Thadius Kosciusko, the En treated to another virtuoso display, in Members of Congress have no higher gineer for Green's army, was one of the great deed a veritable caricature, of callous standing than citizens. To put it bluntly, heroes of the Revolution. A Polish patriot ness, disdain, ineptness, incompetence, Dr. Dunlop is unavailable to the legisla he fought for the cause of American inde and insult by the Cost of Living Council. tive branch. pendence and when victory was achieved Last year, I contacted the Council in The action being sought by my con he returned to his native land to fight to free it from its conquerors. A county in Indiana an effort to expedite a decision on a con stituents does not represent a new situa commemorates his memory; and tract negotiated by National Cash Regis tion. Other hospitals under phase II have Whereas, of the ten men who received med ter Co. and a union. After an uncalled been granted this kind of exception. The als from the Continental Congress for their ! or delay, I was advised of the decision point seems to be that it is being re leadership in battle, four fought at Eutaw and was told that it could be released. A quested under phase m and therefore Springs: General Nathaniel Greene, Colonel few days following release, I was in no one wishes to make a "policy deci John Eager Howard, Colonel WilUam Wash formed by the Council that the decision sion." ington and Lt. Colonel Henry Lee; and given me was not correct. Needless to So the Good Samaritan Hospital now Whereas, forty-five counties in twenty states commemorate heroes of the Battle of say, this entire situation caused a great may not be p.ble to proceed with it~ Eutaw Springs, the states being: Alabama., deal of confusion, and certainly repre clearly commendable purpose, that of Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, sented the most inept handling of a rou creating needed medical facilities to im Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, Mis tine matter. prove the quality of health care in the souri, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Ore In the present instance, I am utterly Dayton area. gon, South Carolina., Tennessee, Texas, West shocked at the treatment accorded, per The actions of the Cost of Living Coun Virginia and Maryland; and haps nontreatment is more precise, to cil are no less than despicable, Mr. Whereas, the gallant courage of the men representatives of the Good Samaritan who fought at Eutaw Springs is part of our Speaker, and the RECORD should show it. noble heritage, part of the heart and sinew of Hospital, of Dayton, Ohio, and to myself, our nation; and Mr. SAXBE, and Mr. TAFT in attempting Whereas, the South Carolina Bicentennial to rectify the Cost of Living Council's Commission of the American Revolution, has disgraceful handling of this matter. THE SUPREME COURT DECISION ON passed a resolution supporting the develop The hospital, almost 2 months ago, pe ABORTION ment of a Eutaw Springs National Battle titioned for exceptions to Cost of Living field; and Council allowable cost and price limita Whereas, most of the battlefield of Eutaw tions in behalf of a major construction HON. VANCE HARTKE Springs is open country near the Santee project to replace much of the hospital's OF INDIANA River, only a small part having been flooded IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES by Lake Marion, named in honor of the outdated facilities. No decision emanated famous Swamp Fox, General Francis Marion. from the Council and 1 month later, at Thursday, February 22, 1973 Now, therefore, the request of the hospital, I called the Be it resolved by the House of Represent Council and requested a decision. Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, recently atives, the Senate concurring: Three days later, on January 29, an I received a petition signed by 673 people That the General Assembly of South Caro order was issued but ineptitude ruled the from the State of Indiana. These people lina does hereby express its support for fed day and the "decision" contributed more feel strongly about a subject of current eral legislation providing for a Eutaw Springs imPortance, and I believe that my col National Battlefield and it does respectfully to the problem than its solution. The Council's letter of transmittal stated that leagues should learn of their views. I request South Carolina's Congressional Dele therefore request unanimous consent gation to work for the implementation of the exceptions being sought had been such legislation. granted. In fact, however, the exceptions that the text of their petition be printed Be it further memorialized that the Con sought were not granted. The order con in the RECORD. gress of the United States enact legislation tained a specific limitation which only There being no objection, the petition providing for the Eutaw Springs National added to the difficulty at hand, with the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Battlefield in honor of the patriots who gave deadline for the hospital in completing as follows: their lives in the battle and in memory of all its arrangements bearing inexorably. PETITION of those who by their service and sacrifice From the Parents and students of Bishop helped win our independence as a nation and The Council magnanimously apolo Dwenger High School, Ft. Wayne, Indiana. our rights as a free people. gized for its mistake in the letter of trans (Parents also) Be it further resolved that a copy of this mittal, but that exceedingly gracious We, the undersigned do hereby agree with resolution be sent to President Richard M. overture, the record shows, contributed the following resolution: Nixon; Vice President Spiro Agnew; Speaker not one iota to the substantive matter of Whereas, we the undersigned are deeply of the United States House of Represent acting on the appeal to the maladroit concerned in all matters tha.t involve the atives, Carl Albert; the members of the lives and welfare of women, children, and South Carolina Congressional Delegation; "decision." The Good Samaritan Hospital was to the family as a whole; and and the members of the National Advisory Whereas, we the undersigned feel that Council on Historic Preservation. have closed the arrangements for its rev laws governing abortion are of tremendous enue bond issue, backed by the full faith importance to women and the family; and and credit of the city of Dayton, yes Whereas the most authoritative scientific terday. Hospital representatives were in conclusion on when life begins, was the con THE COST OF LIVING COUNCIL-AN Washington last week, pleading for the cluston from the first International Confer EXAMPLE OF GROSS INEPTITUDE additional exception. Their efforts would ence on abortion in 1967. Approximately 60 to major scientific authorities from the fields .have been as effective had they gone of medicine, ethics, la.w, and social sciences HON. CHARLES W. WHALEN, JR. the South Pole to implore the penguins participated. Carefully chosen for their sci OF OHIO there for assistance. They were provided enti.fic knowledge and integrity, they pre no help whatever in expediting the con sented a cross-section of race, rellgion, cul IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sideration of the issue, the known dead ture and geographic backgrounds. The medi Thursday, February 22, 1973 line of yesterday notwithstanding. The cal group made up of geneticists, biochem ists, physicians, professors, research scien Mr. WHALEN. Mr. Speaker, I am not gentlemen returned to Washington yes tists, etc., came to a near unanimous conclu given to taking the floor to criticize op terday, merely adding to the length of sion with one dissension. erations of the Federal Government. this exercise in futility. In brief, they 1. "The majority of our group could find Fully realizing that humanity is fallible, have been unsuccessful in finding any no point in time between the union of sperm one at the Cost of Living Council who and egg, or at least the blastocyst stage, and I prefer to use personal meetings, the the birth of the infant at which point we telephone, and other means of communi would take responsibility for the decision could say that this was not a human life." cation to resolve problems. on their case. (Bla.stocyst stage occurs approximately one But I regret to say to my colleagues, Further, those individuals able to week after fertll1zat1on, and would a.ocount Mr. Speaker, that I have gone the last make the decision, Mr. Jamie McLean for twinning.) ... the changes occurring be- 5204 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973 tween implantation, a six week embryo, a Western Europe is endangered by the supe troops across the Atlantic. This is what the six month fetus, a one-week-old child, or a rior Warsaw Pact forces, what is the real rea Soviet Union is counting on-that even in mature adult a.re merely stages of develop son for the present Soviet "peace offensive," the event of the return of its troops to East ment a,nd maturation. to use Leonid Brezhnev's phrase, expressed in European countries, "at the request of their Whereas, the question of abortion is ba its demand for a speedy convocation of a fraternal governments, to save socialism,'' sically a human question that concerns the European Security Conference (ESC)? which can easily be arranged, the United entire civilized society in which we live. It ls According to the program formulated by States will not send its troops to Western not just a Oatholic, or Protestant, or Jewish Brezhnev in October 1971 during his visit to Europe once again. In effect, then, the ESC issue. It ls a question of who llves or dies; Paris, its chief aims would be to guarantee is to realize the well-known slogan: "Yankee and existing frontiers, forbid interfering in the go home!" Whereas, when we lose respect for and internal affairs of other states and ban the Another result of the gradual withdrawal eliminate the safeguards protecting human use, or the threat of the use of force. of American forces from Western Europe will life at ant state of development, we pro Is there any real danger that the West also be the gradual disintegration of NATO, gressively lose respect for and elimlna..te the European nations might encroach on exist which has its moral as well as mllitary foun safeguards protecting human life at other ing Soviet or satellite borders, interfere in dation in the American forces stationed in stages of development, be it child, teenager the internal affairs of the Soviet bloc or use Europe. Their physical presence cannot be or adult; and force or the threat of force against the Soviet replaced by any treaty guarantees. Whereas, when our Forefathers wrote "We Union and its satellites? The present status A Soviet attack on Western Europe and hold these truths to be self-evident; that quo in Europe has lasted in Europe for 25 on the American forces stationed there would all men are created equal; that they a.re en years without any attempt on the part of automatically place the United States in a dowed by their creator with certain inalien the Western states to introduce changes of state of war with the Soviet Union. However, able rights; that among these a.re Life, this sort. despite the fact that, according to the pro Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness'', they The absence of any reaction whatsoever by visions of exi'sting treaties, an attack on a were not only referring to the llving but to Western Europe to the suppression of the Western Europe empty of American forces future generations of Americans such as the Hungarian Revolution in 1956 and the inva would also make the United States a com unborn child-don't they have rights, too? sion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 clearly indi batant, this would be only theoretical so Therefore be it resolved that we, the un cates that Soviet Russia is the undisputed long as American forces did not get into the dersigned are opposed to the recent declslon ruler of Eastern Europe, recognized as such fight. And this could prove to be doubtful, of the Supreme Court of the United States by the countries of Western Europe if not since it would involve sending troops back to on abortion and we are strongly in favor of de jure, then de facto. What is more, Soviet Europe, a move that may not be permitted and advise that the Congress of the United Russia and Poland have concluded nonaggres by a powerful American public opinion that States pass an amendment to the Constitu sion treaties with West Germany, which se most likely wlll be in an isolationist and anti tion to be ratlfl.ed by %, of the states over cure the borders of the westernmost satellite, war mood after the end of the war in Viet riding the recent decision of the Supreme East Germany, as well as Poland's western Nam. Court. frontiers. As for an American atomic attack in de All addresses are in Ft. Wayne. In a word, the Soviet Union and Its satel fense of the threatened European continent, lites are not threatened by Western Europe. the increasing feeling in Western Europe ls What, then, are the real reasons for Soviet that the philosophy of American govern WHAT ARE THE REAL AIMS OF THE demands for a speedy convocation of the ments, the difficult domestic situation and RUSSIANS? r:sc? the isolationism growing as a result of the The answer to this question suggests a com war in Viet Nam, render the United States parison to a ballistic missile with three war psychologically incapable of striking the first HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI heads, each of which is to strike a different atomic blow. There would be a chance for target. OF n.LXNOIS this if American forces were attacked in The first is Western Europe. An ESC suc Europe together with the forces of Western IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cessful from the point of view of Soviet plans European countries. After these troops pull Thursday, February 22, 1973 would mean, first of all, the signing by the out, no such American attack can be ex Soviet Union and its satellites of a collective pected. These views, initially expressed by Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, as non-aggression pact with the Western Euro General Charles de Gaulle, a.re shared by an the opening sessions of the European pean countries, with the United States and increasing number of people. Security Conference continue, it is use Canada, in the role of "guarantors" of some Under these conditions Western Europe ful to examine the possible objectives sort. A natural consequence of this pact wlll left to its devices, cognizant of its weakness of the Soviet Union for the Russians be the Soviet proposal that both military In comparison with the Soviet colossus blocs be dissolved; i.e., NATO and the War which, besides everything else, has out have clearly been anxious for such a saw Pact, or in any event that armaments be conference. flanked it by a successful maneuver in the reduced and the number of foreign troops in north (bases in Finland) and in the south Mr. Stefan Korbonski, who served in the territory of Europe decreased. (Soviet fleet in the Mediterranean), wlll have the Polish Army in World War II against The Soviet Union wlll probably offer con no choice but to adopt a policy of submis the Nazis, was an underground resistance cessions in order to break the deadlock over sion toward the Soviet Union, accompanied leader during the war while Poland was the pull-out of American troops from Western by psychological demobilization and moral occupied by Hitler's forces, and since Europe. Without much risk, it can afford to disarmament. agree to a formula on troop withdrawal, pull It ls enough to look at the map. At present, then has been a leading political activist ing back several of its divisions in exchange and prominent figure in Polish groups militarily Western Europe may be considered for the withdrawal of one American division an American bridgehead on the other side of in ex.Ile, probed deeply into the matter across the Atlantic, some 3,000 miles. the Atlantic to some extent, backed by the of Russia's aims in Europe in an ex The Soviet divisions, pulled back only 300 entire might of the United States, equal-1! tensive June 3, 1972, article in Human miles, could return to the territory vacated not superior-to Soviet military power. Events. With the East-West talks still in within a few hours through an airborne in After the American forces pull out, West their opening stages, the article remains vasion. As for motorized troops, it would take ern Europe will be only a peninsula over timely. but a few days. which will hang heavily-both militarily and On the other hand, the possible return of politically-the immense bulk of the Euro Under leave to extend my remarks in American troops would be a most complicated the RECORD, Mr. Korbonski's article Asia.n continent controlled by Soviet Russia. matter, both from the technical and political Western Europe will have to bend under its follows: standpoints, one that presents a great many very weight, and to succumb to Russia's WHAT ARE THE REAL AIMS OF THE RUSSIANS? difficulties. political domination. {By Stefan Korbonskl) • The Soviet Union seems to assume that the Thus, the first goal which lies behind the process of American troop withdrawal, once Soviet demands for an ESC will be realized. Since the Soviet Union has nothing to fear begun, will be impossible to stop, with a prop from Western Europe and, on the contrary, This goal is the "Flnlandization," if not the erly "peaceful" Soviet policy, and sooner or "satellization" of Western Europe by peace later all the American forces will be with ful means. •Mr. Korbonski is chairman of the Assem drawn from Europe. This process will be The second target is Eastern Europe. The bly of Captive European Nations. In 1939 he greatly accelerated by American troop with lack of reaction on the part of the Western served as a lieutenant in the Polish army. drawal from Viet Nam, which ls to be com He was taken prisoner by the Russian troops pleted in 1972. Then, the pressure of Ameri world to the suppression of the Hungarian but escaped to Warsaw where he helped to can circles which have been demanding the Revolution in 1956 and the invasion of Czech organize the Polish underground movement. pull-out of American troops from Viet Nam oslovakia in 1968 has caused the countries As chief of the underground state, he again wlll be turned to American forces stationed in of Eastern Europe to lose faith in help from was arrested by the Russians in 1945. After Europe. And once these troops leave Europe, the West that would restore their liberty and nis release, he fled to the United States in they will probably never return. independence. They know that the true ruler 1947, fearing another arrest for his anti The American people are so tired and dis of their countries is the Soviet Union, and communist activity. He is the author of heartened by the war in Viet Nam that it ls not the local Communists it appoints. Fighting Warsaw, Warsaw in Chains, and difficult to imagine a situation in which they The political groundwork for its domina Warsaw in Exile. would agree to another expedition of their tion was laid during the war at Teheran and February 22, 1973 · EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5205 Yalta, where Eastern Europe was recognized of the reins and the liquidation of the rem Wladyslaw Gomulka, and after that date to be a sphere of Soviet influence. Despite nants of liberal g9.ins. Edward Gierek, as "traitors to the working this, the nations of Eastern Europe are ob The time would also come for a reckoning class, revisionists and Kremlin agents." serving with great interest the rivalry be with the Ceausescu Fronde, which the Krem But Mijal was not invited to Peking, even tween the two world powers with differing lin has been forced to tolerate up to now, though Radio Peking also broadcasts pro forms of government and ideology-the but to which it has never become recon grams to Poland in the Polish language, United States and Soviet Russia-and wish ciled. Rumania, confronted with the political despite the fact that from Peking he could success to the United States with all their victory of the Soviets at the ESC, would have spoken with the additional support of hearts. have no choice but to capitulate, while Chinese authority. In this case the Chinese To this day, even among the lowest social Ceausescu would share the fate of Dubcek. preferred to use Albania as their screen. strata in Eastern Europe, there still persists After Ruma.nia, it would be Yugoslavia's The Soviet Union is also aware that this an irrational, mystical faith in the United turn. In the Soviet view, Yugoslavia is an cautious Chinese policy could be replaced States, which no disillusion has been able to agglomerate of six nations, joined in a per by a more dynamic one, which might offer destroy up to now. In accordance with this sonal union embodied in the ruling sover a threat to its domination in Europe. belief, one day, not clearly defined, the eign-Tito---but torn internally by various Every political declaration of China, a na United States, like the avenging Archangel nationalisms and by separatism. tion 800-million strong, with about 4,000 Michael, wm crush Satan--SOviet Russia. Be So long as Tito is alive, the Soviet Union, miles of common border with the Soviet sides, by keeping the Soviet Union in check which has lost a number of political skir Union-what is more, a country that ls in a in the international arena, the United States mishes with him, will preserve its restraint. state of "cold war" with the Soviet Union somewhat hampers its freedom of movement However, after his death or resignation, by now carries greater weight in East Europe in the satellites, which fosters a certain playing on the existing deep-seated divisions than, for instance, did the one-time declara evolution of conditions not only in these in the country, the Soviet Union will step tions by the United States, separated from countries but even in the Soviet Union itself. up its efforts to split Yugoslavia and to liqui the Soviet Union by 3 ,000 miles, in the Finally, the countries of Eastern Europe · date its independence. period of the so-called "policy of liberation" consider themselves a part of Western culture Finally, the last goal of an ESC success of Secretary of State John Foster Dulles. and civilization, and desire increasingly close ful for the Soviets will be the arrest and Chinese options run the gamut from a ties with the United States and Western liquidation of Communist China's influence declaration that China does not recognize Europe. in East Europe. After receivll:ig confirmation the present status quo in East Europe, but At any rate, they are not reconciled to their from the Western powers of its undisputed does recognize the right of the nations of present fate, as revealed by sporadic, violent domination over Eastern Europe, the Soviet this region to self-determination, all the outbursts. It is enough to recall that in the Union would no longer feel constrained and, way to demands for the withdrawal of Soviet largest satellite country, Poland, the fol by means of terror and police methods, would forces and agents from East Europe and lowing occurrences have taken place: The seek to liquidate pro-Chinese factions in the restoration of true freedom and independ revolt in Poznan in the days of June 28-29, local Communist parties by all available ence to these countries. 1956, followed by street fights with the police means, and also to suppress the hopes that A solemn proclamation of such policy by and the army, in which about 300 people lost have been stirred in the hearts of the people China, appealing not only to the Communist their lives (the official figure given was 53) , of East Europe by the Sino-Soviet conflict. parties but also to the 100-mlllion population and about 1,500 were wounded; student dis The Soviet Union realizes full well the tre of East Europe, despite the fact that it would turbances in eight university cities in March mendous political possibilities of China in be impossible to realize under present con 1968, in which about 50,000 students demon East Europe and the great potential East Eu ditions, could bring East Europe to the boil strated and clashed with the militia, later rope holds for China. The Soviet Union ing point and would lead to a tremendous to be subjected to mass arrests, trials, con knows that as much independence from So increase in anti-Soviet feelings. This would victions and expulsion from the universities; viet Russia as possible for the countries of have great practical implications for China, a week-long revolt of workers in Gdynia, East Europe is in the interest of China (in since the Soviet Union, considering the possi Gdansk and Szczecin, as well as other coastal this respect, Chinese interests coincide bility of armed conflict with China, would Baltic cities in December 1970, when several exactly with those of the United States). The have to take into account the atmosphere of hundred persons lost their lives and were more independent these countries are, the rebellion in East Europe, which could break secretly buried by the militia in the night less the Soviet Union can count on their out into open revolt in the event of a possible in unmarked places and collective graves, considerable economic and military potential, Soviet entanglement in a war with China in and several thousand were wounded (official the more it must concern it~lf with its Asia (a Soviet Viet Nam). figures: 45 dead, 1,165 wounded, of these 564 western flank, and the less freedom of move This atmosphere would be bound to have civilians, 531 functionaries of the militia and ment it has on the eastern flank, i.e., its a moderating effect on the Soviet Union, auxiliary milita, 70 officers and men). borders with China. forcing it e.ither to grant far-reaching conces The last outbreak was particularly dan If, in connection with its growing conflict sions to the East European countries, or to gerous for the Communist regime, since in with the Soviet Union, China wished to keep its own divisions there, since satellite the "nation of workers and peasants," the bring about an increase in opposition to the forces could not be trusted. Both of these supposedly ruling class revolted; i.e., the Soviets, it could easily do so by pursuing a results would be in the interest of China. shipyard and port workers. The immediate policy that would appeal not so much to the Also, in case of an armed conflict with cause of the disturbances was the provoca Communist parties and their leaders, as to China, if the Soviet Union decided to dis tive increase of food prices on the eve of the the national and patriotic feelings of the patch satellite divisions to the Asian front, Christmas holidays, but they did not have population of East Europe, even though it is it would not be able to completely rely on the characteristics of a hunger riot, since overwhelmingly anti-Communist. China them. The fear that these divisions might be they immediately evolved into revolutionary would be capable of this, since, as experi sent to the Chinese front is becoming more ence demonstrates, in Communist states action, during which political demands were prevalent in East Eu~ope today. made. ideology always gives way to national The current opinion is that these divisions In any case, all action, regardless of why interest. would be destroyed either by the Chinese, the it began, takes on the character nf political Chinese policy in East Europe up to this climate, or by the Russians themselves, who action if it ends in the burning of three time has been characterized by caution and are well aware of the anti-Soviet mood of, buildings-the seats of the ruling party the use of half-measures. {Albania, Rumania for instance. the Polish army. The memory and the toppling of the government. aud Yugoslavia are exceptions. The first of of the Katyn forest, where the Soviets mur The Soviet Union has no musions about these countries receives full political and dered 4,253 officers of the Polish army taken the true feelings of the people of Eastern material backing, while the second and third into Soviet captivity in 1939 and the disap Europe, and that is why one of the goals get only political backing, and rather mod pe.uance without trace in the Soviet Union of the ECS is to secure official confirmation erate at that.) of another 10,000 officer-prisoners, the flower from the Western states that the decisions During his meeting with Japanese Social of the Polish intelligentsia, is still fresh in taken in the agreements concluded in Te ists on July l, 1964, Mao Tse-tung con Polish minds. heran and Yalta are still binding and that demned the Soviet annexations in East Eu Young Polish boys, escaped from Poland, the West is still not interested in the fate of rope, but did not demand, either at that have already appeared in Italy and Austria, the people of Eastern Europe. time or later, tl.. e return to their rightful giving as the reason for their escape the The conclusion of the agreements at the owners. Similarly, aft~r the invasion of dread of service in the Polish army doomed ESC proposed by the Soviet Union would Czechoslovakia, China deprecated the Brezh to fight the Chinese in case of a Sino-Soviet amount to confirmation of the status quo by nev doctrine, but did not call for the with conflict; like their grandfathers, who escaped the Western states. It would strip the people drawal of Soviet forces from that country. to America in 1905 in order not to serve in of Eastern Europe of the last shreds of hope In the same way, the pro-Chinese faction the Russian army fighting the Japanese in for changes for the better which might come of the Polish Communist party also received Manchuria. History is repeating itself. from the West they idealize, since for a sec only partial ba~king from the Chinese. After Under these conditions, a rapid liquida ond time it would have turned its back on the escape of its leader, Kazimierz Mijal, to tion of pro-Chinese factions in the Commu them. Albania with the help of the Albr.nian Em nist parties and the suppression of the peo In short, an ESC successful from the So bassy in Warsaw, acting on Chinese orders, ple's hopes for a Sino-Soviet confiict--to be viet point of view would bury all liberation he was given access to the radio station in facilitated by the ESC-are of enormous im aspirations of the people of Eastern Europe. Tirana. From there, he spoke to his followers portance for the Soviet Union. These hopes It would be followed by a drastic tightening in Poland-until December 1970 branding soared after President Nixon's visit to Peking, 5206 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973 since in the eyes of the people of East Eu the House of Representatives in recog There a.re some internal committee juris rope, every American-Chinese rapproache nizing the 55th anniversary of the estab dictional disputes with some Congressmen ment will be directed against the Soviets, lishment of the Republic of Lithuania. feeling that the Pepper Committee is stealing regardless of what the United States says some of their territory and thunder. about this. Each year people of Lithuanian origin Whether the committee gets a new lease on The third target is Communist China it and descent throughout America com life may be decided next week. self. According to Soviet plans, an ESC end memorate this event while Members of Renick. We ca.n find no good reason to kill ing with the signing of a general non-aggres Congress take time to comment on the the committee. One of its major accomplish sion pact by the countries presently forming history and tragic denial of freedom to ments has been in the field of drug use in NATO and the Warsaw Pact would indicate the Lithuanian people since the illegal schools with a. proposal that every school in to China that the Soviet Union had secured occupation of that state. There are many the nation have a drug counselor on campus. Us west ern flank and could now remove its Now the committee is ready to turn its at divisions from East Europe, shifting them to troubled areas in the world but the basic tention to the area. of street crime . . . a the Chinese border, and that in case of an international crime of oppression is one subject well known to Sena.tor Stennis and armed conflict, Chin11. could not count on the which must not go unprotested. to millions of other Americans. opening of a second front in Europe. The Lithuanian experience is impor The committee is generating research and On the contrary, because of the proverbial tant as we debate the issues at the forth findings that will be helpful to law enforce greed of capitalist countries, the Soviet Un coming European Security Conference ment agencies, legislators and the public. ion will be able to count on the services of and as we use our best efforts to protect The crime now would be to skuttle the the huge industrial resources of Western the right of self-determination so basic to House Select Committee on Crime. Europe and perhaps even the United States in case of an armed conflict with China. freedom anywhere in the world. The According to Communist doctrine, the Lithuanian people have not lost hope for capit alist countries are willing to "sell the a better society and we in the United . VOICE OF DEMOCRACY CONTEST rope for their own necks" for profit--then States share their desire for freedom and why not arms, which are to be used by one the right to determine their own destiny. Communist state against another? In a word, after the Soviet Union finally HON. JULIA BUTLER HANSEN settles its European affairs and, to a cer OF WASHINGTON tain extent, in view of U.S. and Canadian SELECT COMMITTEE ON CRIME participation in the ESC, also its relations IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with America, it will gain a great deal of Thursday, February 22, 1973 freedom of movement in Asia, extremely dangerous for China. HON. BILL GUNTER Mrs. HANSEN of Washington. Mr. In connection with the above, the hidden OF FLORIDA Speaker, the Washington State winner edge of an ESC successful for the Soviet in the Voice of Democracy Conte.st spon Union will be directed against China.. It IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES sored annually by the Veterans of For might even be appraised by the Chinese as Thursday, February 22, 1973 eign Wars of the United States and its Soviet preparation for a strike against China. Mr. GUNTER. Mr. Speaker, I call your Ladies Auxiliary is Miss Janet Hunke, In this respect the Soviet concept of the ESC Route 15, Box 264, Olympia. She is the is reminiscent of the Hitler-Stalin pact of attention and t~1at of my colleagues to August 1939. At that time Hitler, after he the following editorial broadcast over daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Richard had decided to attack Poland, concluded an WTVJ in Miami, Fla., in support of the Hunke. agreement with the Soviet Union, the heart extension of the Select Committee on Her winning entry and scholarship of which was a non-aggression pact. Could Crime which is chaired by Congressman program follow: it be that the Soviet Union is seeking a non CLAUDE PEPPER. I would also like to add VOICE OF DEMOCRACY PROGRAM aggression pact with Western Europe be my (By Janet Hunke) cause it is preparing to strike at China? personal recommendation that the For all these reasons, an ESC--in the So Select Committee on Crime be elevated Quoth Epictetus in our first century A.D. viet concept--would be a serious diplomatic to full committee status. "No man is free who is not master of him blow to China and could have a pronounced The editorial broadcast follows: self." And like Epictetus, I believe freedom ly negative effect on its relations with West "ONE CRIME WE DON'T NEED IN begins a.t home, within myself. But what is ern Europe and the United States. Conse WASHINGTON" this freedom? Even a.n idea.I requires a. struc quently, it could bring results not intended Senator John Stennis is gunned down in ture. Within my "House of Freedom," Epicte by the American and European contracting front of his home in WaShington, The Gallup tus establishes my foundation-to be myself. parties, and become a ree.l trap for them. Poll lists the American public's number one I a.m responsible to act according to my own How can this be avoided? Only by the concern as crime. principles; not values predetermined. If I presentation of counterproposals, since the Violence, fear, safety on the streets a.nd in am to be myself, I need to determine my own Soviet ones wlll not result in true security the home, is a. continual concern no matter goals. Most importantly I must be honest for Europe, but will only form its fiction. who you are or where you live. with myself, so that honesty establishes the True security can only be achieved by the The matter, naturally, is a. concern of the foundation of further relationships. For free liquidation of the causes that threaten it. Congress. dom is a state of liberty rather than con One of these is the transformation of the That is why the House of Representatives, finement. Freedom consists of being myself. countries of East Europe, independent be back in 1969, established a. special committee And now that my foundation is firmly laid fore the war, into Soviet colonies. So long on crime. It is headed by Claude Pepper of I need to build walls. The walls of my Free as these countries do not regain their free Mia.mi . . . an old hand on Capitol Hill . . . dom House a.re composed of bricks of respect, dom and independence, there can be no ques and a. Congressman with vigor at the age respect for other people. This respect pre tion of a lasting security and peace in Eu of 72. vents me from enfringing on another build rope. Therefore, to secure a lasting peace In its four years of work, the Pepper Com er's property. The activities within my house in Europe, the matter of the restoration of mittee has looked into organized crime, a.eria.l must not threaten the rest of the neighbor self-determination to the nations made cap hijacking, the nation's drug crisis and is now hood. Consequently, I am treated with con tive by the Soviet Union should oe placed ready to embark on a.n intensive probe of sideration, and I can appreciate another per on the ESC agenda. If the Soviet Union does street crime. son's worth. Therefore.. the foundation of not agree to this, the ESC should not take It is ready, that is, if Pepper's fellow Con my house enables me to be myself, a.nd the place. gressmen let him. walls make certain my actions don't trespass Surely it is not in the interest of the West Select committees are temporary entities, on the rights of others. ern world to repeat the mistakes made in normally funded for a two-year operation. All that is needed now is a. roof to complete Teheran and Yalta and to establish in Eu Pepper needs at lea.st one more year to wrap my House of Freedom. I believe my ceiling rope, if not in the whole world, a Pax things up. should consist of knowledge. I must be well Sovietica. But there are forces trying to kill the com mittee when its current appropriation runs informed to develop insight. I should deter out a week from Wednesday. mine fact from fallacy. Yet, understanding LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY The drug manufacturers lobby, for one, is requires constant attention. Facts, truths, not happy with the committee's recom and principles must be continually renewed mendations on stiffer prescription drug con to prevent the reins of illusion from destroy HON. JOSEPH P. ADDABBO trols. ing my freedom. And the strength of aware OF NEW YORK Republican House leadership reportedly ness protects against the winds of ignorance. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would just as soon see street crime revela Yes, knowledge is weather-proof, and it's Tuesday, February 20, 1973 tions curtailed ... the crime rate may not vital to the maintenance of my Freedom have dropped as the administration ha.s House. Mr. ADDABBO. Mr. Speaker, I am claimed. The G.O.P. is not enthusiastic about To build a house today a contract is re pleased to join with my colleagues in continuing the committee's life. quired. My contract includes the responsibil- February 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5207 ity to vote in order to express my opinions The Voice of Democracy Program was orig THE LAST ALARM to the rest of the neighborhood. At times inated by the broadcasting industry and the my neighborhood sponsors games that don't United States Office of Education 26 years involve fair play. I'm obligated to investigate a.go, and for over a quarter of a century now HON. JAMES A. BURKE the rules of the game, and to rem.ind the it has had the continuing support of the players of the importance of justice. If a National and State Associations of Broad OF MASSACHUSETTS member of the neighborhood discards his casters and Secondary School Principals. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES waste on the street, I have the responsibility Broadcasters and Educators alike have been Thursday, February 22, 1973 to petition and restrict his actions. Some enthusiastic in their endorsement of the neighbors have greater or lesser wealth than Voice of Democracy Program and have con Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. myself, and I'm responsible to knock upon tributed generously of their time and ex Speaker, at this time I feel compelled to their doors and meet those who live inside. pertise in the programs' development. call to the attention of my colleagues the It's my obligation to remain informed as to tremendous job being done by our Na the actions of my neighborhood, so that I tion's firefighters, in particular, Fireman can play an active part in its endeavors. Arthur L. Ceurvels, of Quincy, Mass., The day I lose care, and stop maintaining RACE RELATIONS IN THE ARMED my House of Freedom, It will deteriorate, FORCES who perished tragically February 1 in the and I'll no longer have a home to live within. line of duty. These courageous men put In the wise words of Woody Guthrie: their lives in peril at every alarm. The sudden passing of such a brave dedicated Freedom ls the right to get together HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY And to work for each other instead of against man as Arthur Ceurvels seems only to each other. OF MISSOURI underscore the great debt we will eter And that's why IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nally owe these selfless men. It is indeed The Freedom Side Thursday, February 22, 1973 sad that we only find time to honor our Little by Little firemen when they have made the final Little at a time Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, racial ten sacrifice. But it is truly a tribute to men Has always won every battle sions aboard the aircraft carriers Kitty like Arthur Ceurvels that they seek no And will keep on wlnning Hawk and Constellation and at two naval great praise for their work. Perhaps that Will keep on living installations are not the result of per is the mark of a true man, for Arthur Because life is freedom missiveness by the Navy as some would And without either one you don't need the Ceurvels was, like so many before him, other. have us believe. These incidents reflect truly deserving of description as "Bos They're one and the same thing. the continuing problem of racial injustice ton's Finest." My condolences go out to in the armed services. While some ef Mrs. Ceurvels, her six children, and the "MY RESPONSIBILITY TO FREEDOM": THE 26TH forts have been made to secure equality rest of the Ceurvels' family, upon this ANNUAL VOICE OF DEMOCRACY ScHOLARSHIP for black servicemen, I think the inci sad occasion. The following newsclipping PROGRAM, 1972-73 dents aboard these naval vessels signal accurately describes the moving final The Voice of Democracy Scholarship Pro just how far short we are of our goal. salute given to Fireman Arthur Ceurvels: gram sponsored by the VFW and its Ladles In addressing itself to this great in FIREFIGHTER ARTHUR CEURVELS GIVEN FINAL Auxiliary is conducted annually in our na justice, the National Council of the SALUTE IN MASS tion's secondary schools during the fall term. Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. has It is a national broadcast scriptwriting pro QuINCY.-The final salute was given and gram which provides an opportunity for 10th, adopted a resolution calling for a re the last alarm tolled at 12 :40 p.m. yesterday 11th and 12th grade students in our public, newed etfort to improve race relations for Boston Firefighter Arthur L. Ceurvels, 48, private and parochial schools to think, write in the armed services. I commend this of Quincy, as more than 3,000 firefighters and speak up for freedom and democracy. resolution to my colleagues. stood at attention in a quarter-mile-long, "My Responsibility to Freedom", theme for The resolution follows: three-man-deep row on Bryant Avenue, op the VFW's 26th annual Voice of Democracy posite the East Milton fl.re station, as the RESOLUTION ON RACIAL TENSIONS AND cortege slowly left St. Agatha's Church, East Scholarship Program, focuses the attention VIOLENCE IN THE ARMED FORCES of youth on the principle that freedom is a Milton, and traveled slowly to Blue Hill Cem (Adopted by the General Assembly etery in Braintree. responslb111ty and not a license. It calls upon December 7, 1972) the youth of America to make a personal The Rt. Rev. Msgr. James Keating, chap evaluation of their responsibility in preserv Whereas, racial tensions aboard the aircraft lain of the Boston Fire Department, delivered ing our freedom heritage. carriers Kitty Hawk and Constellation and the homily for the 26-year-veteran known Participating students prepare and tran at two naval installations are alleged by some as Archie. scribe on magnetic tape a three to five min to be the result of "permissiveness" by the Other priests who concelebrated the fu ute broad.cast script addressing their remarks Navy rather than conditions of racial in neral mass were the Rev. Fr. James Lane, to the theme, "My Responsib1llty to Free justice and inequality of opportunity, and chaplain of the Boston Police Department; dom." At each level of judging--school, com Whereas, it is unreasonable to assume that the Rev. Fr. Leo E. Nolan of St. Ann's munity, District, State and Na.tional-win any Unit of the Armed Forces can be mili Church, Dorchester; the Rev. Fr. Daniel P. ners a.re selected from the evaluation of the tarily sound or remain strong under stress Hegarty of Sacred Heart Church, Roslindale; judges using three basic criteria. These cri if its personnel must live and work in an the Rev. Fr. Daniel J. Mahoney of St. Fran teria and the maximum point value assigned atmosphere of prejudice, injustice and in cis de Sales Church, Charlestown; the Rev. to each are: Content, 45; Originality, 35; and equality of opportunity in such matters as Fr. John P. Coffey, pastor of St. Augustine's Delivery, 20. assigDIDent, training, promotions and hous Church, South Boston; the Rev. Fr. John Kelly, S.J., of St. Joseph's Church, West End; Upwards of 500,000 students from over ing, and 7 ,000 secondary schools participated in this Whereas, historically, the military services the Rev. Fr. William D. Coughlin of St. have made some significant a-Ovances in the Joseph's Church, Wakefield; the Rev. Fr. year's 26th annual Voice of Democracy Pro Jeremiah J. Cullinane of St. Thomas More gram. process of desegregation, and Whereas, the National Council of the Church, Braintree, chaplain of the Associated Each state winner receives an all-expense Firefighters of Massachusetts, and the Rev. paid trip to Washington, D.C., March 2-7, Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. has con sistently called for and supported efforts by Fr. William J. O'Connor and the Rev. Fr. Mar 1973, and competes for one of five national all branches of governIDent to assure equal tin T. Cogavin of St. Agatha's Church. Both scholarship awards provided by the VFW. opportunity and full dignity for all citizens. the main sanctuary and the lower chapel of The first place winner receives a $10,000 the church were filled to capacity. About scholarship to the school of his or her choice; Therefore, be it resolved that the General Assembly of the National Council of 300 other firefighters stood outside the church 2nd place, $5,000; 3rd place, $3,500; 4th place, grounds. $2,500; and 5th place, $1,500. In addition, the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A.: 1. Commends those civilian and milltary St. Agatha's parochial school was closed monetary value of scholarships and awards because it was the feast day of St. Agatha. presented by the VFW and its Ladies Auxil leaders of the Armed Forces who have re stated their commitment and redoubled their Firefighters came from Detroit, Mich., iary to the winners at the Post, County, Dis Cleveland, Ohio, Buffalo and New York City, trict and Department levels will be in excess efforts to achieve racial justice in the Armed Providence and from New Hampshire. of $300,000 this year. Forces, at this time, most notably Admiral Howard McClennan, president, and Daniel During the five days in Washington, D.C., Zumwalt of the Navy. Delagarto, secretary-treasurer of the Inter the state winners have an opportunity to 2. Urges the Department of Defense, the national Association of Firefighters, were meet their United States Senators and Rep secretaries and military commanders of the there from Washington, D.C. resentatives, visit the shrines and monu separate services, and their subordinates at Attorney General Robert H. Quinn and Sec ments in our nation's capital and observe all levels in the Armed Forces to give the retary of Public Safety Richard E. McLaugh firsthand the workings of our federal govern highest priority to the identification of every lin were present. ment. vestige of racism in the military community. Also attending were Leo Laughlin, presi- 5208 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973 dent of the 100 Club; Newton Fire Chief and the United States for its fundamental Fred Perkins, representing the Mass. Fire THE OLYMPICB MUST BE SAVED Chiefs Assn.; Holyoke Fire Chief W1lliam principles. These principles, of course, Mahoney, representing the New England Fire do not fit the mold of the "dictatorship HON. JACK F. KEMP Chiefs Assn., Joseph Snyder, state fire mar of the proletariat" principles as under shal, and Martin Curry of the state Building stood by the disciples of Marxism and OF NEW YORK Trades Council. Leninism that presently rule Estonia. IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES Other dignitaries there were Edward Sul When the Red Army rolled into Es Thursday, February 22, 1973 livan, deputy mayor of Boston, Sen. Joseph tonia in 1940, it is estimated that some Timilty, D-Boston Boston City Councmor 60,000 Estonians were arrested and Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, the tragedy Albert O'Ne111 and· Quincy Mayor Walter J. exiled to distant parts of Siberia. And surrounding the Munich Olympics gave Hannon. rise to a great deal of speculation about Rep. Michael F. Flaherty, D-South Boston this was only part of the reign of ter ror that ensued. From June of 1941 the inevitable demise of the Olympics. who filed legislation jointly with Firefighter Now that the emotion of the moment has Ceurvels, was also there. through October of 1944, Estonia existed Legislation pertaining to binding arbitra as a virtual province of Nazi Germany. passed, concerned people can more rea tion which was defeated last year by four When the Red Army returned in 1944, sonably off er their opinions on the kind votes was refiled this year and scheduled for whole areas of Estonia were cleared to of Olympic games that might best serve a hearing in three weeks. Another bill which the tradition of sport in the years to they jointly sponsored was an amendment to make for settlers from other parts of come. a pension blll which would provide an equal the Soviet Union. This became a pattern In light of the support which has pension to the surviving minor children if the of Sovietization of the country as the arisen in the wake of the most recent Widow of a firefighter killed in the line of Communist Party of the U.S.S.R. sought Olympic ordeal, I cannot believe that duty died. by this means to dilute and weaken Firefighter Ceurvels died Friday at Boston the Olympics are nearing extinction. Estonian national spirit. Much thought has been given to the fu City Hospital. He was responding to an auto However, the evidence indicates as mobile fire at the corner of Broadway and H ture of the Olympics by many people, Streets, South Boston, when the ladder truck in the case of the other Baltic nations, but none has demonstrated greater com skidded and struck an abutment on South that national pride, and a yearning for mitment to their continuation, with ampton Street, throwing him from the jump freedom still exists in Estonia. We, in greater seriousness, than Payton Jordan, seat. The truck jackknifed and rolled over the Free world, must nourish their hope track and field coach at Stanford Uni him. for freedom and justice and not forget Firefighter Ceurvels was instrumental in them. versity, a close friend of mine and my unionizing the Boston Fire Department some former coach at Occidental College in 20 years ago and had served as vice president Los Angeles. and president of Local 718 of the Interna LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE Payton Jordan has committed his life tional Association of Firefighters. At the time to the pursuit of excellence in sport, and of his death he was president of the Associ none can speak with greater wisdom ated Firefighters of Massachusetts, a. post he and authority on the future of sport than had held for the past three years. HON. GILBERT GUDE He is survived by his wife, Mrs. Ann L. OF MARYLAND he. Presently the vice president of the (Hurley) Ceurvels; four sons, Arthur L. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES International Track and Field Coaches ceurvels, Jr., Richard Ceurvels, Joseph Ceur Association, he has served as head coach vels, and Gerald Ceurvels, two daughters, Tuesday, February 20, 1973 of the 1968 U.S.A. Olympic track and Miss Diane L. ceurvels, and Catherine Ceur Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, I welcome field team to Mexico City and as assistant vels. this opportunity to join with my col coach of the U.S.A. Olympic track and He is also survived by his mother, Mrs. field team to Tokyo in 1964. His 32 years Anne (Ross) Ceurvels of Groton; five leagues in commemorating the 55th an brothers Joseph Ceurvels of Walpole, a Bos niversary of the Declaration of Inde as a track and field coach mark him as ton firefighter; Oscar Ceurvels of Dedham, pendence of Lithuania. At this time may one of the deans in the field of sport. Roy Ceurvels of Abington and Robert Ceur we extend our warmest expression of Those sincerely concerned about the vels of Burlington, also a Boston firefighter; friendship and support to the freedom future of the Olympics would do well to and two sisters, Mrs. Dorothy Mcisaac and loving people of this country, which re heed his words. His wisdom and his devo Mrs. Muriel McMillan, both of Groton. mains under illegal occupation by the tion are beyond question. Soviet Union. He has recently written an article en Having o:tficially declared its independ titled, "The Olympics Must Be Saved," ence on February 16, 1918, Lithuania was which forthrightly addresses itself to the THE 55TH ANNIVERSARY OF ES promptly invaded by the Russian Red Olympic crisis. I recommend it highly TONIAN INDEPENDENCE Army in 1919, yet successfully cleared and include it at this point in the its land of the invaders and enjoyed two RECORD: decades of self-government between the OLYMPICS MUST BE SAVED HON. ROBERT J. HUBER two World Wars. However, 1940 brought (By Payton Jordan with Stanley Wilson) OF MICHIGAN further invasion and full occupation by It all started over 2,000 years ago as a na IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Soviet Union. Along with Estonia and tional festival of the Greeks, probably con Thursday, February 8, 1973 Latvia, Lithuania was soon acclaimed a nected with rites paid to a deity. After be Soviet Republic. ing discontinued for a. considerable period, Mr. HUBER. Mr. Speaker, Saturday, they were re-established in the Ninth Cen February 24, marks the 55th anniversary Over these past 30 years, the Soviets tury, B.C. by Iphitus, king of Elis, and Ly of Estonia's independence. Estonia is have continued their illegal annexation curgus, who were commanded by the Delphic one of the three small Baltic nations and occupation, denying the citizens of oracle to revive the festival as a remedy for that sits unwillingly under the Soviet Lithuania very basic human rights and pestilence with which Greece was then af flicted. At first the festival was confined to yoke. As in the case of Lithuania and freedom of expression. Religious perse a single day, and consisted of a. simple match Latvia, Estonia has been under Russian cution in Lithuania is particularly of runners in the stadium, which was a.bout rule, except for the brief period between severe, where the Catholic Church has 200 meters long. World War I and World War II. As with suffered various forms of discrimina As the celebration grew, they were open the other Baltic nations, Estonia has tion. to persons of all ranks and occupations. The only conditions were that the contestants suffered from two Soviet and one Nazi May" we take this occasion to salute German occupation. The United States should prove a. pure Hellenic descent and of the Lithuanian people in their resolve good moral character. Of highest importance, still does not recognize the validity of the participants took a solemn oath to con the Soviet occupation of Estonia, and a to fight for human rights and self-deter mination. Today the Soviets cannot sup tend fairly. Thus the Olympics were born. legation furnishes diplomatic represen After the Seventh Olympiad, Dalcles the tation for Estonia in Washington, D.C. press their aspirations for freedom, and Messenian received for his victory in the Estonia, during its brief period of all free nations of the world join in stadium a wreath from the sacred olive tree independence, enjoyed a unique consti support of their cause. The United States at Olympia. This simple reward, with the tution. The drafting committee for this has never recognized the incorporation honor of being proclaimed victor, was con sidered sumcient for everlasting glory. constitution is said to have relief upon of the Baltic States into the Soviet Union A few years a.go, I stood at the confiuence the models of Switzerland, France, and and continues this policy. of the Cladtus and Ruphia rivers, the site February 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5209 of the ruins of the ancient Olympia. It was a that the Games must continue, but the dis too long has been a failure of society. Man spiritual, ethereal moment during which I parity in procedures ls wide. and athlete must be given the opportunity fully understood the evolution of man, his "Medals aren't everything," said Clifford to achieve according to his own genius. Man role in athletics, and his relationship to all Buck, president of the U.S. Olympic Com and athlete each faces one or more moments of mankind. mittee, "but I confess that I thought we'd of responsibility; however, that moment Through years of being a. participant and a do better. When we get home, we will have a must be preceded by training, respect for coach, I have been a small part of that evolu meeting to evaluate our performance." authority, guidance, and self or imposed tion-I shared a piece of this world with my An Olympic participant after the games discipline. When applied to an athlete, dis fellows. We shared the emotions of losses, was heard to remark, "We were a big bust. cipline provides a reinforcement that per pitfalls, embarrassment, and anguish. But We must go to Congress and have the entire mits the competitor to reach heights that through it all, we learned a treasured lesson: U.S. Olympic Committee reconstructed." once were foreign to him. a. great loss makes a better winner, a.nd it ls Others in the sports field have suggested The elimination of scoring points and list a. brave man who can accept the emotional the ultimate, that the Games be dissolved. ing medals won by nations would enhance wrenching of losing. But it didn't stop there. We feel, however, that there are other appreciably this head-to-head competition Rather than casting fault a.nd striking out answers that will return the Games to their and reward. This element most probably a.t everything and everyone around us, we intended purpose, will provide dignity and would be extremely difficult to control. How preps.red for another, a. better da.y. honor for individual athletes, will eliminate ever, an appeal must be made to all who are Now, however, the Olympic tradition a.nd nationalistic polarization, and will furnish represented at the Olympics-athletes, heritage face a crisis that transcends the a once-in-a-lifetime experience for specta coaches, spectators, and especially the press. original intent. Blood, not glory, stains the tors. It ls a large order, we concede; however, in grounds of Munich. It ls blood that has The conclusions were arrived rut because for the interest of fairness there ls simplistic become a universal nightmare. It ls blood the first time it was my privilege to view the logic. For example, Finland has a population tha.t has cast a grotesque and ominous shad Games as a spectator and evaluator, not a.s a of approximately five million persons, only ow around the world. critic or a participant. Rather, it was the view a handful more than the largest cities in the For the first time in Olympic history, the of one who sees the values of the Olympic world. Should athletes from Finland be re victory stand was draped in black and the movemelllt. These values are not isolated, but quired to compete in every event and be flags of 122 competing countries flew at half encompass all nations, their participants, and expected to compile points comparable to mast mourning the 11 Israeli dead. their citizens. For the world community, the the United States or Russia? We would The immediate responses heard around Olympics must be saved. rather the Finns, and others similar to them the world were not to prepare for another, In the first instance, we view with abhor be honored for their participation and ex a. better day. They cried out against the rence the violence that occurred at the cellence, however small in numbers they complexities of nationalism, fanaticism, in Games. However, it ls the madness of society, might be. We feel strongly that individual trigue, and bureaucratic ineptness. not the madness of this particular Olympics. honor would do much toward eliminating But the cries against the Black September It was the act of a maverick fringe that the political implications of the games. we terrorists overshadow controversies that be would turn the wholesome people of the must recognize that winning ls that pin gan virtually from the moment the first of world against each other. nacle for which we strive as individuals the 10,000 athletes, coaches, trainers, and In just sixteen days, we saw the good and and nations; however, we must educate officials arrived for the Games. Ironically, the bad mirrored before the eyes of the ourselves and others that striving ls as im Germany's object was designed to demon world. But we do not necessarily believe that portant as winning, and participation has strate the changes that had occurred between imperfections should prevent forward prog equal meaning and value. This would re the Nazi Germany of 1936 and the gracious ress. Rather, now ls the time to stand back quire a rebirth of the symbol of oneness of host of 1972. in the meadow and look at the forest rather athletic purpose rather than a fragmentation Munich Lord Mayor Dr. Hans Hacken Vog than the trees. Learning, rather than rhet of people, ideals, an openi~g of old wounds, el expressed the German's labor of love on oric, must come from unwholesome and or creation of new hurts and misunderstand the opening day: despicable experiences. The Olympics still ings. "Our intention ls not only to build mod have so much more to offer humanity than We have seen clearly that officiating suf ern installations in a pleasant, parklike set anything yet devised by man. This is separate fers from a basic ineffectiveness. It is our ting and provide faultless organization ... from religious beliefs, but the two have a considered judgment that the host nation Munich's actual goal ls to hold a festival kinship. We would be guilty of a grave error should assume the entire responsibility of of peace in the spirit of the Olympic idea, if we lost sight of our Maker, who guards us judging events. We believe that it would aid characterized by understanding, reconcilia and gives us strength. The ancient Greeks in avoiding sectional evaluation for national tion, and brotherhood among all peoples.... " paid tribute to their deity as they competed. or political reasons. The responsibility to be But it wasn't to be. We believe that today's Olympic competitor fair and detached would be of greater mag From the beginning there was strife. A cannot participate without paying similar nitude if it were placed squarely on the number of American blacks, opeTating as a homage. shoulders of the host nation. We submit nameless-leaderless group, and eighteen With this interrelationship of the spiritual that this suggestion is open to argument; African nations hinted they would walk out and the physical, combined with common en however, we are reaching for solutions that over the entry of Rhodesia. Political bicker deavor, this should be a. moment in history will place competition on a positive, objec· ing, the imposition of gags on athletes, and when we not only can save the spirit of the tive footing. charges of human rights permeated the Olympics but improve upon them and make The foregoing are individual considerations pleasant Alpine community of Kempten. them of even greater importance and sig that could be expanded to other appropriate It was claimed that the quality of some nificance for the participants and the citizens areas. But what are the answers to those of the officiating denied competitors an hon of the world. who cry that the Games have burgeoned to est cha.nee; political prejudice overcame im What are the steps that would lead to this the point that they no longer a.re able to partiality in judging; the loss by the United rejuvenation of the true Olympian purpose? accomplish their original intent? States basketball tea.m to the Russians came In the first instance, nationalism must be Our studied recommendation ls that the under severe attack; Rick DeMont, 16-year minimized. We concede that certain ath time ls ripe for a change in the basic for old American swimmer, was deprived of his letes always will represent certain countries. mat of the Olympic organization. The pres gold medal in the 400 meters free-style after However, resentment often occurs when a ent size and numbers of participants are failing a drugs test, a medication he said was particular country dominates and its national much too large and cumbersome for feasible, necessary to combat asthma; brilliant Mark anthem is repeated until its notes become an efficient operation. The preparation and Spitz enplaned home to America before the irritant rather than a tribute. We would sug presentation of the Ga.mes as they now are Games concluded because he ls a Jew and gest that an official Olympic fanfare be conducted are exorbitantly expensive and was in fear of his life. played as the appropriate medals are placed either discourage or prevent some countries A feeling emerged that some countries are over the victors' heads. This would repre from sending participants to the Games. If willing to drop out of the nationalistic race sent the ultimate moment of honoring a nothing else, the smaller, less affi.uent na which they claim the Olympic Games have champion who has competed against his tions cannot afford to fund and sponsor the become, with political systems, rather than peers rather than against a representative of Games and enjoy the privilege of hosting athletes competing. a specific nation. It would represent the glory the event. Dr. Roger Bannister, Chairman of the of man against. man instead of glorifying To make it possible that all peoples of the Sports Council of Great Britain, was suc nationalistic interests. If nations wished to world c.a.n snare in the thrills, drama, sport cinct in his analysis of the tending change in honor individual efforts within the context ing excellence, and ideals of the Olympiad, the role of the Olympics: of nationalism, appropriate ceremonies could we propose that the present form be dis "This is inconsistent with human dignity take place within the specific nations' Olym carded and restructured into four major and the concept of freedom and enjoyment pic compounds or when the team members blocks; which first gave rise to sport.... " return to their respective homelands. 1. Track and field, swimming, and aqua Avery Brundage, the 84-yea.r-old retiring This method of honoring man against man tics; president of the International Olympic Com would point up the basic tenet of sports: 2. Boating, sailing, canoeing, rough water mittee, declared after the Israeli massacre: responsib11ity of an athlete to himself, to boating, shell boat racing; "The Games must go on." his team-mates, and to his country. Fa.il 3. Combative and skill events, including A multitude of athletes and coaches agrees i~g to recognize and shoulder responsibllity gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, fencing, 5210 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973 marksmanship, weight lifting, equestrian, aches and suffering which they have en had been produced. His secretary tiOOk this and other related sports; dured since they were subjugated to the information down in shorthand. 4. Team events such as soccer, basketball, Communist rule of Moscow. We salute The following January I received a long field hockey, and volleyball. There may be the proud people of Lithuania and the distance call from New York. I was advised more compatible groupings; this is merely a by the President that he wanted me to go sample. remarkable spiritual and ethnic strength With him on a special train to Alabama to We also recommend that each block be which sustains them to his day. see the property that I had told him about, held in a specific year with four year cycles, Because we cherish so dearly our own and asked me to give him the names of the thus preserving the historic four year in freedom as Americans, let us all pray Congressmen who were interested in that de terval. Therefore, if track and field events for strengthening the hope which the velopment. were held in the first year. they would be people of Lithuania hold for an ultimate I rode with him in his private car to in conducted again in the fifth year of the return to freedom. spect Muscle Shoals. The main result of that cycle. visit was the passage of the Tennessee Valley It would be advantageous in many re Authority Bill which has brought general spects. Each block of activities could be held prosperity throughout the Tennessee Valley. in a different country. Thus, virtually any In 1930, the Irrigation and Reclamation co,mtry in the world would have the oppor TRIBUTE TO FORMER CONGRESS Committee was invited by the Chamber ot tunity and funds to sponsor an Olympic MAN MILES C. ALLGOOD, OF MEN Commerce of the State of Washington and Spectacle. A yearly, block-type Games would TONE, ALA. the Chambers of Commerce of some other permit spectators an opportunity to view Northwestern States to visit their areas. the contests of their choice. It would tele The development of the Columbia River scope the Games into a focal point and all HON. TOM BEVILL had been before Congress for a quarter of a spectators could enjoy each event. As it now OF ALABAMA century. One plan was to build a dam at is conducted, it is physically impossible for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Grand Coulee Falls. The other plan advocated a spectator to view more than a limited by Representative Smith of Idaho, was to dig number of events. Thursday, February 22, 1973 a canal for sixty miles from lakes in Idaho Additionally, this procedure would elimi Mr. BEVILL. Mr. Speaker, occasionally to bring water for desert lands in the State nate massive numbers of administrative of of Washington. ficials, athletes, coaches, press coverage, and we in America are blessed with the serv Our Committee spoke at Grand Coulee to growing lists of dignitaries. This abundance ices of men, who by their vision, hard some twelve to fifteen thousand people. I was of participants has tended to create con work, and love of country, leave a valu the last to speak. None of the Congressmen gestion and ill will that frequently has able legacy for future generations. Such had recommended either of the plans. We place•: a damper on the true spirit of the a man is Miles C. Allgood, of Mentone, were on the bank of the Columbia and I Olympics. Conversely, it would enhance the Ala., who served in the U.S. House of threw my hand out toward the river and true Olympian spirit and the leadership Representatives from 1922 until 1934. said, "Here is the place to build a dam to that is needed by the International Olympic It is my distinct pleasure to report to furnish water to irrigate a million acres and Committee. to produce enormous quantities of hydro Further, it would provide greater auton you that Miles is celebrating his 95th electric power." I recieved awild, shouting omy and leadership for the individual birthday today and sends his regards to ovation. blocks or event units. With few exceptions, everyone here. We returned to Washing.ton and secured the Games have been conducted in large, Often, Mr. Speaker, we tend to for the first appropriation to build the Grand :financially-powerful nations that had the get the work of dedicated public serv Coulee Drun which now irrigates over a mil resources to construct multi-million dollar ants. I think it is good for us to stop from lion acres of land. stadiums and complexes. All too often these time to time and say thank you to these The Hoover Dam on the Colorado River athletic facilities have become white ele had been built for many years but was not phants, seldom used in their entirety once individuals. used until I became chairman of the Ir the Games were concluded. I would like to have placed in the CON rigation and Reclamation Committee and Restructuring the Games in cycles of GRESSIONAL RECORD a statement prepared secured the passage of the Hoover Dam Bill. smaller scale would allow citizens of less by Congressman Allgood depicting a few Lt required a third of a century to complete affi.uency to share with the world family of the highlights of his career. the development of these great rivers. This their culture, their heritage, and point to The statement follows: development has brought the vast improve ment of natural resources amounting to mil their progress and contribution to mankind. RECOLLECTIONS This is our proposal because the Games lions of dollars annually, and brought wealth must be saved. Perhaps it is just an ideal. (By Miles C. Allgood) to millions of people. These projects will con but without ideals and dreams, what do we MENTONE, ALA.-! w111 be ninety-five years tinue to be a benefit and a blessing to man have left? of age on February 22, 1973 and have lived kind as long as these waters flow on to the to be the oldest Representative in Congress sea. from the State of Alabama. I have had an LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE interesting and eventful life. I taught school at the age of eighteen. I MAUREEN CARROLL, JOSEPH CO broke the record at State Normal College SENTINO, PRESIDENTIAL CLASS (now Florence State University) by complet HON. LESLIE C. ARENDS ing a thirty six months course in Advanced ROOM FOR YOUNG AMERICANS OF ILLINOIS Teacher Training in fifteen months. I am the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES oldest graduate of that fine University. HON. DOMINICK V. DANIELS As chairman of the Irrigation and Recla Tuesday, February 20, 1973 mation Committee, I sponsored and helped OF NEW JERSEY Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, on behalf secure legislation to develop the hydro-elec IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tric power on the mighty Tennessee, the tur Thursday, February 22, 1973 of all Americans of Lithuanian origin bulent Colorado, and the great Columbia and descent, I would like to pay special Rivers. These great rivers generate enormous Mr. DOMINICK V. DANIELS. Mr. tribute to the celebration on February 16 amounts of power and electricity. They also Speaker, it is fashionable in some quar of the 55th anniversary of the establish irrigate and make productive more than two ters to criticize young Americans in gen ment of the Republic of Lithuania in m1llion acres of desert land. eral. Perhaps some are worthy of this When President Franklin Roosevelt was criticism, but for every bad apple there 1918. elected, I visited him in Warm Springs, We, as Americans, are a free people. Georgia. During the interview he stated, "I are hundreds of wonderful decent young One of our most cherished beliefs is see you have been a State Farm Agent and sters who are a living example of what is the fundamental right of every people Commissioner of Agriculture of Alabama. right with America. to self-determination. Historically, we The economic condition of the farmers, espe In this latter category, I would like to have translated that belief into a firm cially Southern farmers is bad. I want to do single out Maureen Carroll, 17, a senior commitment to allow small nations to re something to help them. W1th your experi at St. Aloysius ~chool in Jersey City, and ence, you should be able to tell me some Joseph Cosentmo, also 17, a senior at main free from the tyrannies of larger thing to do." and more powerful neighbors. I told him that Muscle Shoals, Alabama Memorial High School, West New York, on the Tennessee River was built as a war N.J., who are in Washington this week In response to this 55th anniversary of learning about government :firsthand as Lithuanian independence, let us assure project in World War I to furnish muni tions in time of war and electricity and fer part of the program Presidential Class the oppressed people of Lithuania-and tilizer in time of peace. I told him that we room for Young Americans. I met Mau their descendants in this country-that had been at peace for fifteen years and not reen and Joe in my office yesterday and we have not forgotten them, or the heart- a kilowatt of electricity or a sack of fertlli~r I must say they impressed me as being February 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5211 bright and able young people with a seri cial assistance for State or local educational bushel and a certificate of 75 cents to be ous attitude toward their schoolwork agencies which permit primary or secondary paid to wheat producers for their share students within their jurisdiction to conduct of the domestic market. and their communities. I would like to experiments with live animals. point them out to all my colleagues in No Federal assistance may be provided Cash wheat prices then settled at or this House as typifying the best of our after the date of the enactment of this Act near the new loan level of $1.25 per young people. Their work in school and to any State or local educational agency bushel; a 75-cent per bushel drop. The their desire to seek higher education to which the Secretary of Health, Education, price to U.S. consumers did not change prepare themselves for life's challenges and Welfare determines permits students as their total cost still remained at $2 reflect favorably upon their parents, Mr. enrolled in primary and secondary schools per bushel. A $1.25 market price and 75 under its jurisdiction to experiment with cent certificate. The program change did and Mrs. James V. Carroll, of Jersey live animals or encourage students to per City, and Mrs. Joseph Cosentino, of West form such experiments. The Secretary of not then directly affect the consumer New York, and their school principals, HEW shall, by regulation, prescribe proce and producer. Indirectly the new two Sister Rita Walsh and Mr. John C. dures for review of his determinations under price system was of great significance. Cendo. I am proud of them and I would the preceding sentence and such other pro You will remember that in the late sixties like to share my pride with all Members cedures as he considers necessary to carry we had huge surpluses of grain with of this House and all who read the out the purposes of this Act. storage payments running about $1 mil SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. RECORD. lion a day directly from the U.S. Treas There are authorized to be appropriated for the fiscal year in which this title is enacted ury. By reducing the cash market price and for the next four fiscal years thereafter this made wheat competitive in nonfood PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO such sums a.s may be necessary to carry out use markets within the United States ANIMALS LEGISLATION this title, but the sums appropriated for any and in all world markets. such year shall not exceed $100,000. The system worked effectively to re SEC. 6. EFFECTIVE DATE. The provisions of duce surplus stocks. It also gave the HON. JEROME R. WALDIE this Act shall become effective one year after U.S. producer an opportunity to earn a OF CALIFORNIA the date of its enactment. higher income in the marketplace so he IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES could live at a financially comparative Thursday, February 22, 1973 level with the nonagricultural popula Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, today I am ABDNOR SPEAKS OUT ON WHEAT tion of the United States and still com reintroducing legislation which would CERTIFICATES AND THE "BREAD pete with producers of other countries prohibit Federal financial assistance to TAX" where the cost of production and the State or local educational agencies which standard of living are much lower. permit primary or secondary students In the 1965 Farm Act and the Agricul within their jurisdiction to conduct ex HON. JAMES ABDNOR · ture Act of 1970 Congress changed the periments with live animals. OF SOUTH DAKOTA total certificate value to a sliding scale known as a "parity formula." The basic I hope that my fellow Members will IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 75-cent certificate was not changed it lend their support to this legislation and Thursday, February 22, 1973 that action will be taken to prevent the still came from the marketplace, but the cruel treatment of animals. Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, the mill total value went up to reflect increased The text of the bill follows: ing and baking industry has launched cost of production supplies and the cost of living. The increased certificate value H.R. 4685 an effort to transfer about $400 million of their costs to the Federal Treasury. over 75 cents came from the Treasury. A bill to discourage experimentation on ani This left U.S. consumer costs the same mals by elementary and secondary school This effort comes on the heels of past and continuing appeals under phase II and and still allowed U.S. wheat producers t~ children compete with producers in countries with Be it enacted by the Senate and House of m to increase the price of bread to con Representatives of the United States of sumers. Their requests to increase bread lower standards of living. America in Congress assembled, prices have reached only limited success It should be pointed out here that the SECTION 1. DECLARATION OF POLICY. (a) It for two reasons, first, the smaller bak two-price system reflects a higher return is hereby declared to be the public policy of eries are exempt from controls; second, per bushel on only about one out of three the United States that the needless suffering larger bakeries must be exempted from bushels produced in the current year and or killing of animals at the hands of or for profit margins before they could put a about one out of four next year as pro use by elementary and secondary school chil price increase into effect and this exemp duction is expanded. dren for surgical, scientific, quasi-scientific, The program has been generally suc medical and quasi-medical experimentations tion has not been granted. on such animals in the name of science, is The milling and baking industry has cessful. We have reduced huge surpluses brutalizing to these children and should be formulated a self-interest group called of wheat while still maintaining a high discouraged. the "Wheat Users Committee." The com ly efficient agriculture. Adequate supplies (b) The Congress finds that there exists mittee's main objective is in trying an of wheat have been maintained at all other sufficient means by which young school end run around phase III controls. times for U.S. domestic consumption children can be stimulated to pursue scien Their objective is to change the while still responding to increased world tific and medical interests. And further, the demand. Congress finds that the above public policy domestic wheat certificate part of farm is in conformity with the established public programs for all costs to come from the I find it personally difficult to criticize policy to prohibit inhumane treatment to U.S. Treasury. This would relieve them the program even in the face of consumer and the needless suffering and death of ani of a 75-cent per bushel fee on each bushel reactions directed in th\s instance by the mals within the jurisdiction of the United of wheat purchased for human consump milling and baking people. I realize fully States. tion. This fee referred to by the Wheat the concern of consumers over rising SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. For the purpose of Users Committee as a "bread tax" is then costs. I realize the immediate concern of this Act, "animal" shall mean any live ver bakers. I also ·realize, most personally, tebrate animal or dead vertebrate animal treated as part of their product cost and which has been kllled and collected for such passed directly to the baker or other the need of growers. experimentation. purchasers of flour, and subsequently on It is for this reason I oppose legisla SEC. 3. ENCOURAGEMENT OF ALTERNATIVE to the consumer. tion to change the domestic wheat certifi METHODS TO LIVE EXPERIMENTATION. (a) Con The method of collection is nothing cate formula in the last year of the Agri sequently, the Secretary of Health, Educa new as a certificate for domestically con tion and Welfare shall encourage the use of culture Act of 1970 especially since hear illustrations, models, manuals, filinS and sumed wheat began developing in 1963. ings have already been scheduled in pos other alternative methods to live experimen Congress in an effort to maintain U.S. sible replacement legislation. tation in the furtherance of stimulating producer income and still be competitive The Senate Committee on Agriculture medical and scientific interest in elementary in world markets developed a two price and Forestry has scheduled hearings to and secondary schools. system for wheat. Wheat at that time begin February 27, continuing on Febru (b) The Secretary shall take such neces carried a price support or Government ary 28, March 1and2, 8 and 9. The House sary steps and expend such funds as neces sary In the furtherance of the policy of this loan value of $2 per bushel. Price support Committee on Agriculture has not sched Act. by Congress was then divided into two uled hearings yet tut an announcement SEC. 4. The prohibition of Federal finan- parts: A price support loan of $1.25 per on hearings is expected any day. CXIX--329-Part 4 5212 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973 Farmers, consumers, millers, and bak munity and Nixon himself, who wants him agreement signed by the United States and ers will have the opportunity to testify. to stay in government. the Soviet Union last spring. But there are In a timely and logical manner the com Also, Laird is a political man and may many dissenters. not be able to resist a re-entry into the old Last week, for example, Herbert Scoville mittee and Congress can decide the total arena. Jr., former deputy director of the CIA and farn.. program issue on its merits of total For 22 years, including 6 in the Wiscon former assistant director of the Arms Control national interest. sin Senate and 16 in the U.S. House, Laird and Disarmament Agency, contended that was one of the most skillful politicians oper "Laird ... has acted to destroy the credibility ating anywhere. of our deterrent." Testifying to Laird's political astuteness ATTACKED BY M'GOVERN was the fact that little more than two LAIRD'S ''OUTSTANDING RECORD" Last Monday, when Nixon sent his fl.seal AS SECRETARY OF DEFENSE months after he took over the Pentagon, his 7th District seat was won by a Democrat, 1974 budget to Congress, he asked $81.1 bil David R. Obey, who has since won by margins lion for defense, an increase of $4.6 billion, exceeding even those of Laird. and projected a similar increase for fl.seal HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER Many Wisconsin Republican leaders believe 1975. OF WISCONSIN he is their strongest potential candidate Both Nixon and Laird poinrt out that na IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES against Gov. Lucey next year, and they a.re tional defense now takes about 30 % of the making strenuous efforts to commit Laird federal budget, compared with 47% for Social Thursday, February 22, 1973 to the race. Security, education, health, veterans and Laird's political instincts told him that welfare programs. Those two figures are just Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. the reverse of figures for 1968. Speaker, of the many fine tributes paid the war was a political disaster and, from 1969 on, he worked to persuade Nixon that Last summer, Laird reinforced his image to Mel Laird, I am sure he was most it must be ended as soon as possible. as the most political defense secretary when gratified by a recent article in the Mil This often put him at odds with the mili he engaged actively in a campaign to dis waukee Journal. John W. Kole, of the tary chiefs under him, and sometimes with credit Sen. George McGovern's plan to reduce Journal's Washington Bureau, echoed Nixon himself, who insisted that an hon American military expenditures by $30 bil the sentiments of many of Mel's former orable peace was the only one that would lion by fiscal 1975. last. Contending that it would mean the "white colleagues in the House when he said: flag of surrender," Laird constantly ripped Laird probably wlll be remembered as the Laird's longstanding friendship with Nixon brought hostility from the White House pal into the program in congressional appear man who presided over the nation's defenses ances, press conferences and speeches when America's longest military involve ace guard. OPPOSED CAMBODIA throughout the country. ment finally was ended, when a widely criti Laird's critics were- stunned by his asser cized draft system was ended after more than He did not always win his case with Nix tion that the arms control agreement with three decades, and when military forces were on. In May, 1970, for example, Nixon or Russia would mean higher, instead of lower, cut by a third-from 3.5 million to 2.3 mil dered the invasion of Cambodia over Laird's defense outlays. advice to the contrary. lion. WEAPONS COSTS UP In fact, of the 10 men who have served as As usual, Laird's political judgment was defense secretary since the position was cre superb. The Cambodian invasion was fol But Laird had an answer for these critics, ated in 1947, Laird may well have the most lowed by some of the sever-est antiwar pro too. He said increased expenditures for weap outstanding record of all. tests of Nixon's first term. ons, construction, research and development "I thought the South Vietnamese could were due to inflation. The text of the article follows: do it without American troops," Laird said Laird worked hard as defense secretary to LAmD WAS A SKILLFUL POLITICIAN AS of the Cambodian invasion in an interview institute new procedures that would bring as SECRETARY OF DEFENSE last week. "But the president took the ad calating costs of weapons contracts under vice of the Joint Chief (of Staff) who said some control. However, there is no clear evi (By John W. Kole) that American involvement was more like dence that they will work. WASHINGTON, D.C.-When Henry Kissinger, ly to insure success." GOLDWATER DISAPPOINTED President Nixon's international negotiator, Although Laird has not said so publicly left for Paris 13 days ago to initial the long and declined to comment on the point dur Sen. Barry Goldwater (R-Ariz.), a close awaited settlement to the Vietnam War, he ing the interview, there have been reports friend of Laird, indicated that he was disap had a parting tribute for Defense Secretary that he opposed the heavy bombing that pointed that the secretary had not overcome Melvin R. Laird. Nixon ordered on North Vietnam last May the problem of increased weapons costs. "If it hadn't been for your work," Kissinger and again in December. Goldwater criticized the development of three told Laird, •'I would not be leaving this Throughout President Lyndon Johnson's different fleets of planes for the close sup morning to initial this agreement." escalation of the conflict, Laird advocated port of ground troops. In an interview that afternoon, Laird de a reduced manpower commitment by the In the view of many defense experts, Laird scribed with great relief his plans to take United States and extensive use of Amer allowed many of his military commanders three months off as his four years in one of ican air and sea power. the weapons that they wanted so he could the world's toughest jobs drew to an end. This was the policy that he recommended push through' his manpower cutbacks. The Vietnam settlement was the capstone to Nixon, along with preparing the South Whatever the criticism, Laird is proud of of Laird's four years. Vietnamese to defend themselves. his record and thinks it will stand up when historians review it in future years. However, OUTSTANDING RECORD SUSPICIOUS OF USSR the job has been excruciatingly tough. Laird probably will be remembered as the Laird long has harbored a deep susp1c1on "You don't go through many nights with man who presided over the nation's defenses of the Soviet Union. Throughout his con out getting up in the middle of the night," when America's longest military involve gressional career he was inclined to warn of he said. "With the Vietnam situation, with ment finally was ended, when a widely criti what he darkly described as the "threat from the time being just reversed from Washing cized draft system was ended after more than world communism." This was akin to Nixon's ton, this has been a 24 hour a day job. three decades and when military forces were anti-Communist philosophy while he was a Over the next several weeks, as Laird and cut by a third-from 3.5 mlllion to 2.3 mil senator and vice president in the early 1950s. his wife, Barbara, relax in Wisconsin and on lion. Laird carried his suspicion of Russia into an island off the coast of Florida, they will In fact, of the 10 men who have served as the Pentagon with him. His first big splash ponder their future. Some believe that Laird defense secretary since the position was cre on national television was in arguing for a could try for the Republican presidential ated in. 1947, Laird may well have the most missile defense system before a hostile Sen nomination in 1976. outstanding record of all. ate foreign relations subcommittee. But Laird rejects this speculation: "The Robert S. McNamara, who served from 1961 "With the large tonnage the Soviets have presidency and the secretary of defense are until he left in frustration and bitterness in they are going for our missiles and they a.re two jobs that I would rule out right now." early 1988, probably was a more brilliant in going for a first strike capability," Laird told novator, with a grand design for exercising the subcommittee. "There is no question civilian control with computers and systems about that." analysts. Laird's judgment of the nuclear balance of THE MOOD OF PEACE But McNamara's record is clouded by the terror was contradicted by experts in the escalation in Vietnam. U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. Laird's MANY JOB OFFERS mother, Mrs. Helen Laird of Marshfield, was a bit shocked. HON. FLOYD SPENCE Now 50, Laird has called the job that he "Melvin, you're scaring people," she told OF SOUTH CAROLINA gave up last week to former Welfare Secretary him. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Elliot Richardson "a political graveyard." Laird and his supporters insist tha.t this Thursday, February 22, 1973 He says he will not make up his mind for hard line approach on the antiballistic mis at least 90 days on the offers made to him sile (ABM) and other weapons systems was Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, many of us by the busine:;s world, the academic com- necessary to achieve the arms limitation have observed that the most vocal critics February 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5213 of our involvement in the war in South Nixon, as if the one were independent of the U.S. soil of the first p1isoners of war from east Asia have been somewhat less than other. Vietnam. We share the joy of these heroes For the St. Louis Post-Dispatch the mo and their families, and hope they will ecstatic over our disengagement from ment of peace was marred by recalling "Mr. that conflict and the return of our pris Nixon's shameful act," his "monstrous deed" experience a speedy return to a normal oners. In fact, as a leading broadcaster of bombing North Vietnam, whether or not way of life. We now look forward to the wrote me a few days ago, watching them it contributed to Hanoi's final agreement. exchange of the balance of those men leads one to conclude "that the arrival That paper found no merit in the chance who are prisoners in Vietnam as pre of peace disappointed them more than South Vietnam may now have of preserving scribed by the peace agreement. In addi the war itself." its independence; "the honorable course tion, we must continue to insist upon a One of our most learneq and respected would have been to let the Vietname~ alone; complete accounting of those who remain saving that, to have withdrawn years ago." journalists, Vermont Royster, editor of Meanwhile, the hosannas from the Ful missing in action. the Wall Street Journal, chose this situa brights and the McGoverns over the arrival It is a privilege to join in welcoming tion as the subject of a recent editorial of peace were-well, let us say restrained. home four of our men who are native which he entitled "The Mood of Peace." They were among those wanting the war Kansans or who now reside in the Sun It appeared in the Journal of January 31, ended long ago, unilaterally, at whatever fiower State. 1973. I commend Mr. Royster•s· timely price. That in the end the settlement was a Capt. John G. Dunn, U.S. Army, a na remarks to my colleagues and to every little better than that, achieving some con tive of Hutchinson which is in my con cessions from Hanoi we never thought we'd gressional district, was in the first group American citizen: get, all that seems to have brought no joy THINKING THINGS OVER: THE Moon OF PEACE to their hearts. of prisoners released. Captain Dunn was (By Vermont Royster) Elsewhere I listened for but heard of no held prisoner by the Vietcong since So it is over. Or let us hope so. The Ameri gathering of the once noisy war-protesters March 18, 1968. He was greeted at Fort can fighting in that long, tragic war in Viet having their joyous, swinging celebrations Knox, Ky., last week by his wife, Linda, nam. that the peace they sought has come at and his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Harry The bombing has stopped. Our soldiers are last. They seem to have slipped quietly away Dunn of Hutchinson. Today is Captain on their way home from the lbattleground. with the mood of those suddenly bereft of Dunn's 30th birthday, and we take this Our prisoners of war are being released. For a cause. opportunity to extend a happy birthday · It's sad to say, but the Lmpression is left a little time, anyway, the guns of war are to him on what must be his most memo silenced. unjustly. I fervently hope--that there are And yet the rejoicing has been mut ed. those who would be happier with a shattered rable birthday celebration. More strangely, in some places among some peace than a peace that lasts. A peace that I also would like to pay tribute to Maj. people, even grudging. lasts would have to be credited to Richard Gharles G. Boyd, a native of Iowa, U.S. We have heard the rejoicing among those Nixon, to the slow, patient, tough policy of Air Fotce, who has made his home in who but for the cease-fire would have seen those past four years. A peace that crumbles Wichita with his wife, Millicent. Major their sons going off to Vietnam, among those would put him once again in the dock for Boyd was a prisoner of North Vietnam who these long years have waited for hus pillorying. from April 22, 1966. bands and fathers to come home from prison A peace that crumbles would also show the •We welcome the r.eturn of Lt. Col. Wil camps; theirs the pent-up tears of relief and perception of those who, rising above such joy. But less rejoicing, curiously, from many simple emotions as relief, warn us now of the liam H. Means, Jr., U.S. Air Force, of who clamored loudest for the war to end on hidden dangers in this provision or that in Topeka, who was a prisoner in North any terms whatever. the agreement, who remind us that all of Vietnam since July 20, 1966, and Lt. After President Nixon spoke to us that eve Indochina is still unstable, that Saigon is Comdr: Joseph C. Plumb, U.S. Navy, of ning telling us that at long last a peace agree weak, that Hanoi is determined, that all is Mission, who was a prisoner in North ment had been reached, I flipped my televi fragile. A failed peace would prove them Vietnam since May 19, 1967. sion dial from network to network. I thought prescient. Under the leave to extend my remarks to find somewhere a commentator who would Anyway, a strange mood indeed, I suppose in the RECORD, I include an excellent edi cry "Hallelujah!" If there was such, I some some of it inevitable. World War I ended how missed him. with the illusion that the world had been torial from the Hutchinson News which On one network the newsmen were so made safe for democracy. Even World War II, expresses the feelings and wishes of those stunned they seemed unable to come up with ending wit h a bang, could spur riotous cele of us from the Kansas Fourth District that instant analysis for which they are so bration, for that time surely with all our over the return of Captain Dunn. I also famous although they had known the whole enemies confounded, it seemed a peace that include a wire service report on a day long the substance of what the President could last. This time the ten, long, weary thoughtful gesture by Major Boyd upon would say. On another, the gloom was so years of war dribble to an end and there are his return from captivity: thick you could cut it with a knife; long no illusions left. drawn faces suggesting they did not know This time, too, there is the difference that [From the Hutchinson (Kans.) News) now what terrible things portended after the the whole nation was not involved in the suf C.~PT. DUNN ARRIVES peace. So it, went; the calling up of the dit;fi fering of war. Those who died in Vietnam Johnny came marching off the big Prisoner culties, the doubts, the prclblems unresolved, seemed chosen by a capricious fate; at home of War plane ;tv.tonday. as if the future looked darker than the 'day most of the nation went its way in undis Ca.pt. John Dunn of Hutchinson. before. turbed prosperity. The horrors of war were His arrival in America was a beautiful mo Then I listened to the questions fired at there but abstra~t, fleeting pictures on a TV ment for his parents here, Mr. a.nd Mp;. Harry Henry Kissinger in that remarkable press tube. For most Americans their lives this Dunn, who never gave up hope during the conference. When he had fin ished his hour's week are no di1Ierent from last week. long and torturous ordeal of having a son detailed accounting of what had been accom Yet for all that, some of the reaction was at the mercy of an enemy. plished and what had not, some questioners strange indeed. Not merely subdued, as befits There were some dark days. seemed almost desperately searching for the occasion. Not merely one of caution Dunn, an Army advisor to the South Viet Catch 22. That is, some place where Mr. Kis against euphoria. From some of what I read mi.mese, was captured March 18, 1968, mean singer or the President had blundered, some and heard I might have supposed-had I not ing he lived nearly five years as a prisoner weak spot in the agreement to bolster prophe known otherwise-that the peace that comes of war. Hopes for release h ave risen and cies that it would all fall apart. was thought as bad as the war that was. fallen with each new diplomatic twist, and Next, to the newspaper editorials and com As for myself, I too know that this is a each new heart beat of a war that defied mentators. Here I did find more variety peace without victory. I know well that it is pattern and substance. among those I was able to read, a more wide a fragile peace. But after four wars in my With the last-minute snag Sunday night, spread mingling of relief and gratitude. lifetime I know that every peace is fragile there was even a doubt that . Capt. Dunn and yet a little peace is better than none. The Washington Post hailed the peace as a would be home in time to celebrate his 30th "time for giving thanks," and though a critic So I, for one, rejoice. And for this little peace say, "Thanks be to God." birthday, which is the 22nd of this month. of President Nixon gave him generous credit But the dream came true. for that day of thanksgiving. In Tulsa, in Birmingham, in Minneapolis, in Los Angeles Hutchinson's message to John Dunn is the peace was welcomed even among news RETURN OF KANSAS POW'S welcome home, happy birthday, and God papers thinking the war itself a tragedy. speed in your return to a normal life. Some, like the Boston Globe, were moved to HON. GARNER E. SHRIVER thank the President for his "perseverance in (From the Wichita (Kans.) Bea.con) getting us out." OF KANSAS But neither thankfulness nor gratitude IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WICHITA POW COURIER FOR LEFT-BEHIND MERRIAM, KANs.-Mrs. Susan Mastin re was the universal welcome to the peace. The Thursday, February 22, 1973 New York Times, a critic of the President, ceived an unexpected Valentine's Day pres was a critic skill; it offered an editiorial of Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, all Amer ent, a dozen red roses from her husband, a praise for Henry Kissinger, none for Mr. icans have rejoiced over the return to prisoner of war at a camp near Hanoi. 5214 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973 The flowers were relayed to Mrs. Mastin businessman's acumen but it ls as a fellow similar antigens have been identified on the from Air Force Maj. Charles G. Boyd, of craftsman that he will be recalled with honor membranes of human cancer cells. It was Wichita, who was in the first group of pris and affection by his colleagues in the profes these observations that opened the field. of oners released. sion he loved so well and served so long. cancer immunology in man. What makes the "I have talked to Ron (Mastin) the day field one of the most active in medical re before I left," a card from Boyd read. "All search today is the possibility that there is a is fine and he is in good health. He asked specific antigen associated with a specific me to send you a dozen red roses. Don't cry." CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IN MAN type nf cancer cell. One of the great hopes is Air Force Capt. Mastin was shot down over that the existence of such a specificity might North Vietnam in January 1967. bring about much earlier diagnosis of cancer "A lot of women expect flowers on Valen than is now possible. A blood test, for ex tine's Day," Mrs. Mastin said, "but what a HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY ample, that cou\d identify an antigen as surprise." OJi' MISSOURI sociated only with cancer of the colon, or She said the last word she received from IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES an antigen associated only with cancer of the him was a letter at Christmas. lung, would provide evidence of the disease Thursday, February 22, 1973 at a very early stage. Development of such a Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, May 2, 1972, test, Dr. Lacy stresses, is a major goal of the marked the official opening of the Cancer new laboi"atory. DAVID LAWRENCE Directing efforts in the laboratory toward Immunology Laboratories at Washington a clearer understnding of human cancer anti University in St. Louis, Mo. gens are Dr. Thomas Tillack and Dr. Juan A team of leading scientists is now at Rosa.I, who hold faculty appointments in the HON. OGDEN R. REID work in the laboratories with the general University's pathology department and alter OF NEW YORK goal of finding the precise biochemical nate as physicians in the Barnes Hospital surgical pathology service. During the past IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nature of specific immunlogic responses for various forms of cancer. Pinpointing year their research has progressed at an en Thursday, February 22, 1973 the natw·e of these responses could lead couraging rate and they have submitted articles on their findings to scientific jour Mr. REID. Mr. Speaker, last week we to important clinical applications. This nals. Dr. Tillack explained that their work lost one of our Nation's most highly re new frontier in basic research is being so far has dealt mainly with refinement of spected newspaperman, David Lawrence. funded by the largest unrestricted grant their biochemical techniques in isolating David Lawrence was among the most ever made by the tobacco industry to a and identifying human cancer antigens. He decent, warm, and kind men I have university. pointed out tbat these antigens had not been known in the news profession. We worked" The fall issue of the Washington Uni studied until the mid-1960's. versity magazine featured the Cancer In fact, the basic theory behind current re together on the New York Herald Trib search in human cancer immunology wasn't -:.me, from which his column was syn Immunology Laboratories and the impor postulated until 1959, when Dr. Lewis dicated, and where I was privileged to tant research they are conducting. Thomas, presently dean of Yale University's learn and respect his expertise while hon- I commend this enlightening article to Medical School, suggested that in addition ored to gain his friendship. ' my colleagues: to being a defense again.st outside microor His career spanned three generations CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IN° MAN ganisms, the immunological system has an and witnessed the administrations of 11 Cancer Immunology in Man is the inscrip other basic function: "to preserve uniformity U.S. Presidents. An enterprising and tire tion on a plaque near the entrance to a new of cell t.ype." He speculated that the body's laboratory on the fourth floor of the Wash rejection of grafts of foreign tissue rr£ight less young reporter, he grew into a pro turn out to be one facet of an immunological fessional newsman and then business ington University Medical School's West Building. Those four words stand right out to mechanism which is constantly eliminating executive as he founded and edited U.S. most laymen to whom immunology connotes abnormal cells as they arise in the body. News & World Report, while still making being "immunized" against infections such as By this reasoning, cancer that proliferates time to write a regular column. measles or polio. Cancer has been frequently to the point of threatening a particular or Whatever his views and regardless of described as one's own cells multiplying in an gan ls simply the result of a failure of the whet.her or not one agreed with him, he uncontrolled way. Therefore, what does im body's immunological system. In the early was warmly regarded by all as an honest munity have to do with cancer? 1960's, Nobel Laureate Dr. F. M. Burnet of On May 2, Dr. Paul Lacy, head of the Uni the University of Melbourne did research man and a kind and generous friend. His which supported Dr. Thomas' theory and death is a loss to everyone who knew him, versity's pathology department, gave some cie tails in answer to that question. He a.ddress~d evolved the first, clear model to encompass and Mrs. Reid joins me in extending our officers of seven tobacco firms and a tobacco an expanded immune system role, which he condolences to his three children. growers association who attended a dedica termed "immunological surveillance." I insert in the RECORD the editorial tion program for the laboratory (Dr. L3.cy o.nd Dr. Tillack cites two recent clinical studies from the New York Times on Mr. Law- Dr. Lauren Ackerman, Washington University that lend support to the idea of an immuno rence: professor of surgical pathology, who is one of logical surveillance system as a defense in the world's foremost cancer experts, had rejecting tumor cells. It was reported in 1969 DAVID LAWRENCE that. kidney transplant patients, who were Throughout a career that spanned more sought and received a $2,000,000 unrestricted basic research grant from the tobacco indus given drugs to suppress immunological reac than sixty years and ended only with his 1 tions, eventually developed cancer at a signif death, David Lawrence was one of the na try to put the laboratory in operation). Dr. Lacy pointed out to the group that cancer icantly higher rate than in normal individ tion's most highly respected and warmly re uals. A second study, reported at about the garded newspapermen, and it is as such that very often is not detected in a patient until the tumor has spread and the prognosis is same time, also showed a significantly higher :R.e would want to be remembered. incidence of cancer in patients born with de An enterprising and energetic reporter poor. · "Today, we have a new way of looking at fective immunological systems. Dr. Tillack when young, he became a world-famous com added that recent data from basic laboratory mentator and influential magazine editor, the problem-and that is through immunol ogy." He explained that scientists were a.ware experiments by Ingegerd and Karl Hellstrom but his zest for the day's news never dimmed. of the University of Washington have been He hated to take a vacation; at home as some twenty years ago that cancer cells in laboratory animals had substances on their the cornerstone of immunological research in well as at the office he was never far from helping to substantiate the surveillance the friendly clackety-clack of a teletype ma surfaces which were different from the same class of substances on the membranes of model. chine. A basic line of defense in this surveillance As some young liberals do, David Lawrence normal cells. What was intriguing a.bout the substances was that they could act as anti is thought to be the immunological reaction grew deeply aonservative with the passing mediated by cells called lymphocytes. These years. But readers of every viewpoint found gens. The tumor antigens appeared as "non self" entities to the animal's immune system cells bind to an antigen on a foreign cell and that though they might disagree with him, destroy it. The Hellstroms reported in the late they could always respect him for his intel and triggered a. specific immune attack 1960's that lymphocytes destroyed cancer lectual serio:usness, lucid prose, vigorous ad against the cancer cell. In recent years, cells in tissue culture from cancer patients; vocacy and total honesty. the lymphocytes did not attack normal cells. Within his own profession, Mr. Lawrence i Firms which are funding the Cancer Im Why, then, didn't the lymphocytes prevent was warmly regarded for many unpublicized munology Labora'tories are: R. J. Reynolds the cancer from spreading in those patients? acts of kindness and for his deep personal Tobacco Co.; Brown and Williamson Tobacco "No one knows the answer to that question, consideration for his colleagues. It was char Corp.; Philip Morris Inc.; Lorlllard, a division although there are a number of possibilities," acteristic of him that he sold U.S. News & of Loews Theatres Inc.; Liggett and Myers, said Dr. Tillack. One theory is that cancer World Report, his magazine, and Bureau of Inc., Larus and Brother Co., Inc.; United patients have agents on the surface of the National Affairs, his specialized news service, States Tobacco Co., and Tobacco Associates, cancer cells which prevent an immunological to his employes. As a publisher, he had a Inc. reaction from taking place. These substances February ~2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5215 have beec called blocking factors by the Hell a type or various types of cancer? While molecular events are occurring inside an an stroms, who have produced very early and there have been a few encouraging develop imal which rejects an otherwise lethal num tentative data on the blocking phenomenon. ments, Dr. Tillack stressed that the present ber of cancer cells," Dr. Lynch said, "We have At present, the main focus of research is level of understanding of the bod1's immune a pure biological model to work with. We simply to achieve a better understanding of reaction to tumors is still too insufficient to will have to find at what threshold this im the antigens themselves. Many laboratories, justify the use of immunotherapy in pa munity will break down if the animal is chal incluuding the Washington University Can tients. lenged with higher and higher doses of can cer Immunology Laboratory, have produced While it is true that immunological cells cer cells. There are many other questions, evidence that these antigens do indeed exist are now more clearly understood today than such as whether there are ways of chemically on the surface of cancer cells. These observa they were a few years ago, a brief outline of modifying the antigen to enable the immu tions have profound implications for both the ma.in features of the immune system nization to be stronger and the animal able clinical medicine and the field of immunol indicates just how complex it is: One class of to withstand greater challenges of cancer ogy. cells in the system, the lymphocytes, consists cells." Most of us are acutely aware that doctors of at least two types which are called B cells He pointed out that to get answers to these depend largely on how well patients them (derived from bone marrow) and T cells (de questions may possibly take yea.rs of exacting selves recognize symptoms and how promptly rived from the thymus gland). T cells some analyses. "If-and it's a big if-we get to they report them; frequently, cancer is de times attack any foreign agents, and B cells the point where we can reverse the growth of tected too late for effective treatment. The produce protein antibodies that react against tumors already established in mice through prognosis for many cancers would be much specific foreign substances. It isn't clear how a combination of therapy and immunization, better if the presence of cancer cells could these two types of lymphocytes function. we mlght fairly ask the question whether it be detected in the· patient before the cells Elucidation of the action of the other major might be attempted in human patients with had multipled to a mass large enough to types of immunological cells-histocytes and myeloma.. This is over-simplifying the re cause symptoms. If a colon cancer antigen macrophages-is also still incomplete. seairch and is definitely a long-shot. Right test, for example, was positive and X-ray The second class of immunological reac now, our work with mice is still far from be techniques still failed to show any cancerous tions consists of antibodies released into the ing a fair comparison with human myeloma," lesion in the colon, a physician could then blood by lymphocytes and plasma cells. These Dr. Lynch concluded. examine the patient at frequent intervals to antibodies bind with antigens on a foreign Dr. Joseph Davie, who will use samples of detect cancer at the earliest possible point. agent, a process which may lead directly to Dr. Lynch's pure myeolma cultures in one Admittedly, such monitoring would place an destruction of the agent. phase of his research in the Cancer Immu added strain on the medical care delivery sys Faced with this formidable set of variables, nology Laboratory, is interested in the pos tem; but it certainly would be a better alter a number of scientists are nevertheless work sibility of producing mutations in these mye native than for the patient and doctor to face ing on techniques to stimulate an anti-can loma. cells. The availability of mutant cells would provide the opportunity to measure a widespread cancer. cer response in humans. One individual who Before a reliable test can be developed, h;i.s the latter clinical possibility as a long directly the chemical events that take place however, antigen research must be checked range goal is Dr. Richard Lynch C1f the pa when an antigen combines with an antibody. and re-checked at the basic laboratory level. thology department, who also does research At present these events can be measured only These problems can be illustrated by what in the Cancer Immunology Laboratory. Dr. indirectly. This is because the researcher in has happened following an important discov Lynch's work began in the laberatory of Dr. immunology is dealing with thousands of ery in 1965 by Dr. Philip Gold and Dr. S. O. Herman Eisen, chairman of the University's chemically different antibodies--even if anti Freedman of McGill University. They isolated department of microbiology. body molecules are generateSan Diego, Calif., Union on Jan. 29, 1964- daughters, Mrs. James Mullen, Mrs. John my first endeavor in American journalism-I Martin, Mrs. Ralph Buck, and Florence and wrote: PAY TRIBUTE TO MASSACHUSETTS Anna Buck, all of North Easton; Mrs. John "The Soviet regime as it exists today can . CITIZENS Boyle of Cleveland, and Mrs. Richard Parker continue only with the help of the free world of Los Angeles; a sister Ethel Packard of through long term credits. But such credits North Easton; 32 grandchildren, 80 great to a bankrupt system are folly and can only HON. MARGARET M. HECKLER grandchildren and 11 great-great-grand chil undermine th~ West's own economic OF MASSACHUSETTS dren. strength.'' IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES That was nine years ago. Even then, if one FRANK HALEY, WAS MEDFIELD SELECTMAN; 82 ignored Kremlin propaganda and looked at Thursday, February 22, 1973 MEDFIELD.-Services will be held at 2 p.m. the ineptitudes of the Soviet system, it Mrs. HECKLER of Massachusetts. Mr. today in the Roberts Funeral Home, 15 Miller wasn't difficult to predict that only the West St., for Frank G. Haley, 82 of 23 Green St., could keep the Soviet bureaucracy alive. Speaker, it is with sadness that I note the passing recently of three residents of a former postmaster and selectman here. He Figures released by Radio Free Europe, died Monday in Leonard Morse Hospital, based on · western sources, show that be Massachusetts whose many years of life Natick. tween 1964 and 1972 the U.S.S.R. borrowed matched the quantity of their contribu He was born in Westwood and lived most of from the free world some $6.3 billions. The tions to their fell ow human beings. his life here, attending the Medfield schools. terms varied from 2-15 years. By tragic coincidence, they died within Until his retirement nine years ago he Five hundred million was spent for grain was a self-employed broker and accountant. purchased in the U.S.A. in 19'72. a week of each other, and, by happier coincidence, they were all outstanding He served as a selectman from 1927 to 1953. Another credit of over $4 billion from He also was on the town welfare and health some U.S. firms is pending. This would bring citizens of their communities, of Massa boards. the total to more than $10 blllion. Most of chusetts, and of the Nation. Mr. Haley was a charter member of the the credits come from the U.S.A., the rest .I would therefore like to pay tribute Nprfolk County Selectmen's Assn. and a from Britain, West Germany, France and to Frank Haley of Medfield, Mrs. Grace member of the Rocky Woods Reservation Italy. RFE admits its figures are not com- ' A. Buck of North Easton, and Waldo F. and the Medfield Historical Society. plete. McNaught of Bedford. And while ex He was a veteran of World War 1, serving The figures might not be exorbitant in nor in the Yankee Division. He also served with mal commerce, but the Soviet system has tending my deepest sympathies to their families, I would comment that the lives Gen. John J. Pershing on the Mexican border reached an impasse. in 1916-17. "The administrative apparatus is corrupt of these three people could serve as the He leaves a sister, Mrs. William Murison through and through and has lost its effec ultimate inspiration to all of us. of Medfield, and several nephews and nieces. tiveness ... the apparatus can achieve al I include herewith newspaper accounts Burial will be in Vine Lake Cemetery. most nothing," says an underground or of their careers as carried in the Boston "Samizdat" newspaper. "The economic sys Globe: tem urgently needs m0dernization and re vitalization ... but ossified state capitalism W. F. MCNAUGHT, WAS VETERANS DIRECTOR; has no intention of giving science its proper 84 REVENUE SHARING SUBVERTED place in the social system." Waldo F. McNaught, 84, a retired director Soviet industrir..l products do not find a in the New England region of the Veterans ready market in the sophist icated western Administration, died yesterday at his home, HON. JOHN A. BLATNIK countries. 9 Hillside av., Bedford. OF MINNESOTA As the London "Soviet-Analyst " puts it: He was born in Pennsylvania and first IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "The Communist regime has transformed joined the Veterans Administration in 1909 Russia into an industrialized count ry which in New York. Thursday, February 22, 1973 can produce nothing that anybody wants to Mr. McNaught was transferred to the Bos Mr. BLATNIK. Mr. Speaker, those of buy." ton office in 1948 and when he retired in Forecasters say that the Soviet Union will 1959, after 50 years service, he was director us who have been skeptical of the ad have to continue to import food-stuffs from of hospital operations for both the New ministration's general revenue sharing the West for years to come. They will get England and New York areas. program have, until recently, had little them either on credit or will sell some more He also maintained a home at Deerfield, hard evidence to back up our doubts of the t reasured gold, t he reserves of which N.H., where he spent a considerable amount and suspicions. are not lixnitless. of t ime during the past few years. What dims the econoxnic picture even He a n d his wife, the former Edith E. Boyer, Now, less than a half-year into the more is the fact that Soviet oil production celebrated their 60th wedding anniversary program, we had a survey made by a is decreasing while national consumption in Jan. 20. subcommittee af the Senate Intergov creases. It is estimated that by 1980 the Besides his wife, he leaves two sons, Waldo ernmental Relations Committee, recently February 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5217 covered in the press by Columnist Joseph Chicago is not all that different. In his tunity to live in a free country guided by the Kraft-Washington Post, February 15, reply to the Muskie questionnaire, Mayor Constitution of the United States of America. Richard Daley wrote: Our Constitution is the rock or the founda 1973. "The city received approximately 50 per tion of the United States. It is the window The survey points out that revenue cent of its 1972 entitlement in December ... through which the wor-ld appraises us. Just sharing, in contrast to categorical grants, Th.is $31 million was used in the area of think every opinion you voice, every church has been used to benefit the haves, while public safety. Specifically, personnel costs in service you attend, and every vote you cast is the have-nots become have-even-lesses. the police, fire and health departments were the result of this great document. Revenue sharing funds were intended charged directly to the trust fund established Right now, as you sit where you are, you have the right to lean to your neighbor and by Congress to ~upplement local govern to account for this grant." In the East, the cases of Providence and express your opinion on any topic. As With ment funding needs, not supplant Boston are illustrative. The Providence reply any privilege, however, there is a respon moneys for proven, effective categorical to the Muskie questionnaire asserted that sibility. One cannot, in exercising his own grant programs. revenue sharing funds would go to public rights, infringe upon those of another. Oliver But it is now clear that revenue shar safety, environmental protection, public Wendell Holmes put it, "freedom of speech ing has been subverted by the adminis transportation, recreation, financial adminis does not give one the right to shout, 'Fire!' tration, and the intent of Congress tration and capital expenditure, in that in a crowded theater." twisted. The 1974 budget proposal casts order. The Boston reply said revenue funds We must agree that America needs a aside programs which have proved their would be used "to hold the line on property genuine revival of respect for law and orderly taxes." processes, a reawakening of individual worth over the years, and denies com As a final example, there is New Orleans, responsibility, and a determined insistence munities the funds they want and des where information on revenue spending plans that laws be enforced, courts respected and perately need. comes from a recent speech by Mayor Moon aue process followed. We must take the laws There may still be room for revenue Landrieu. Landrieu is one of the most pro into our hearts rather than into our hands sharing in some areas; but I think the gressive mayors in America, and he owes his if we are to survive as a civilized nation. Congress would do well, before succumb election in large measure to black votes. The inspired minds of the people created ing to special revenue sharing, to take a Even so, he does not feel able to use revenue the fascinating piece of work, our constitu sharing funds for projects chiefly connected tion. Blood and sacrifice made this document hard look at the Senate survey and at with helping poor blacks. possible. Brave men shouldered their respon Mr. Kraft's article; and at our own in He has recommended that $19 million of sibilities by fighting and dying to make free tentions in enacting general revenue the $30 million the city receives from reve dom a reality. John F. Kennedy told a sharing. nue sharing this year go to capital improve group of students at the White House, "The Congress, the last hope now of cities ments which will increase the city's tourist American constitution is an extraordinary and small communities as well as of the income. Among the improvements are down document ... certainly the most extraor poor, must not allow our authority to town parks, a cultural center and a parking dinary written constitution in the history garage. of the world. But it has.required men to make create and fund programs to be whittled I have no quarrel with the use of funds by it work, and it still does today." away without due deliberation. cities to lower taxes, improve police services Let us not let indifference or racial prej The article follows: and build parking garages, but I don't think udice snuff out the light of the temple of WHO SHARES IN REVENUE SHARING? we should kid ourselves about what is hap liberty. In the BIBLE it says that God created (By Joseph Kraft) pening. man, not white man, not black man, but The chief source of federal dollars for the Revenue sharing, like so much else in men, with no race distinctions. In accordance President Nixon's program, is a good way to with the BIBLE, the Constitution guarantees cities is now President Nixon's program for help those who are already not so badly off. revenue sharing. But what do the cities do all men the right to life, liberty, and the with the money they receive from Washing It is no way to.help the poor. If the idea is pursuit of happiness, again regardless of race, to help those most in need, then the federal creed, or color. It is our responsibility to see ton through that program? 4 Well, the best evidence shows that they government will have to earmark funds in a ~hose who demand rights--receive their don't spend it on services to the poor. On very specific way. rights if they accept their responsibilities. the contrary, the indications are that the We must act! We must understand and money which the cities receive from revenue work for our government. We must study and sharing is going for services and tax cuts continue to voice our opinions and cease to favorable to middle income groups. MY RESPONSIBILITY TO FREEDOM be apathetic in our views toward government, The best evidence is a survey made by the for it is my responsibility to freedom to let Senate subcommittee on Intergovernmental my.opiniorus be known through my vote and Relations which is headed by the Maine HON. WILLIAM R. ROY if I desire to change the government to try Democrat, Edmund Muskie. The survey asked OF KANSAS to do so, but through the system in which it exists today. I should take the time or several hundred cities how they planned to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES use revenue sharing monies. trouble to build up my country. For most of The findings of the survey are necessarily Thursday, February 22, 1973 all, I would like to be able to say-"My coun try is better because of me." imperfect. Some major cities, including New Mr. ROY. Mr. Speaker, every year York, did not reply at first. Others gave only We must be steadfast in our responsibility skimpy details. Still ethers have not yet de through the efforts of the Veterans of lest we should lose the most precious values cided what they are going to do with revenue Foreign Wars of the United States and known to man. These are, in essence, the sharing funds. its ladies auxiliary, thousands of young right to work out one's own destiny, under Still the evidence in city after city is over Americans throughout the United States God, in a society where the individual is of whelming. In all sections of the country, participate in meaningful, educational primary importance. cities are using revenue sharing funds to The sum total of my responsibility to frer, experience through the Voice of Democ dom is set down in these words: I believe in ease tax burdens or improve such services as racy Contest and national scholarships police and fire ~epartments. the United States of America as a government A good example is the city of Los Angeles. are aw~rded. This year 5,677 Kansas stu of the people, by the people, for the people, According to Mayor Sam Yorty, the city will dents participated in this contest. I am whose powers are derived from the consent receive $35.4 rnlllion in revenue sharing funds happy to report that the winner of the of the governed; a democracy in a republic; this year as against $21.8 million for model Kansas contest was 18-year-old Guy a sovereign nation of many sovereign states; cities, which is the next largest grant. Joseph Hargreaves from Junction City, a perfect union, one and inseparable, estab The final disposition of the funds has not Kans., which is ·in my district. lished upon those principles of freedom, yet been made, but Mayor Yorty's recommen Guy Hargreaves is an outstanding equality, justice and humanity for which dations are indicative. According to the latest American patriots sacrifice their lives and available figures the mayor wants $14.9 mil young American and has won many fortunes. lion to be applied to the city's deficit so as awards and achievements in his school I therefore believe it is my duty to my to head off a tax increase. He wants $10 mil and State and is in Who's Who Among country to love it; to support its constitu lion applied to a reserve fund to be used American High School Students. tion; to obey its laws; to respect its flag; and against any increase in property taxes. The Therefore, I am pleas~d and proud to to defend it against all enernles. rest of the money would go for building a call to the attention of my colleagues Mr. Daniel Webster said, "God grants liberty technical center to service city automotive only to those who love it and are always equipment; a new increase in the fund for Hargreaves' winning speech: ready to guard and defend it." paying workman's compensation; and for MY RESPONSIBILITY TO FREEDOM This is why we must stand tall Americans- supplies and equipment for a couple of down This is our country-Americans and ours for we have the responsibility to maintain town parks. is a rare privilege for we have the oppor- freedom. 5218 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973 IMPOUNDMENT TOTALS CON- and welfare programs-but his remark about however, has never been definitely litigated, FIRMED--$12 BILLION TO DATE the need for a "benevolent dicta.tor" was although cases now in the judicial pipeline more prescient than he probably knew. For are heading toward the Supreme Court. In THIS FISCAL YEAR only a few days after the November election, one, Judge William Becker of the U.S. Dis President Nixon, acting through OMB-the trict Court in Missouri last year held that Office of Management and Budget, that little some highway trust funds were improperly HON. JOE L. EVINS known agency of vast powers- accelerated ooing withheld, because of mandatory stat OF TENNESSEE what he had already been doing. A cut of utory language. His decision, the first to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES $6 billion in "clean water" funds was an invalidate an 1mpoundment, is now pending nounced, running the total of withheld funds decision on appeal before the Eighth Circuit Thursday, February 22, 1973 to about $15 billion. The water pollt:.Gion Uourt of Appeals. Whatever that court de Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, bill llad been passed overwhelmingly over cides, the case will surely wind up before the as you may recall, following the refusal a Presidential veto, but Mr. Nixon gave in Supreme Court. Significantly, twenty-two of the Office of Management and Budget only outwardly. At the first opportunity he Senators, led by Sam Ervin and including ordered William Ruckelshaus, head of the most of the chairmen of the standing com to release details of its extensive im Environmental Protection Agency, to pigeon mittees of the Senate, joined Ralph Nader poundment of funds earlier this year, I hole more than half the Congressional ap in filing a "friend of the court" brief in instructed my staff to compile such a list propriation. the case, urging that Becker' . decision be as a matter of public information, con That is government by decree, by executive affirmed. tacting departments and agencies fiat, an arrogant exercise of power by a Presi But the Missouri case may not be the directly. dent who apparently believes that Congress real constitutional showdown on Presiden The partial listing which we compiled has neither the will nor the staying power tial power. Judge Becker's decision was based nor the institutional capability to counter on statutory, not constitutional, interpre indicated that more than $12' billion was impoundment and other examples of bald tation. A better case is now before a Federal impounded as of January 15, 1973. executive power. court in Florida, in which Florida is contest In the current issue of the Progres In the struggle over the relative strength ing Mr. Nixon's impoundment of funds for sive Magazine, author Arthur S. Miller of the three branches of government, the a barge canal. The preliminary legal papers points out that Judiciary is a non-starter. Despite all the indicate that the question of the President's furor about "judicial legislation," the Fed constitutional power to impound is being In confirmation hearings in January ... eral judiciary is, as Alexander Hamilton said, Casper Weinberger, Secretary-deslg~ate of directly challenged. "the least dangerous branch," simply because Little help in resolving the impoundment Health, Education and Welfare said im it has the least power, actual and potential. poundments approximated $12 billion. question can be gleaned from the spare prose Congress is another matter-the only hope of the Constitution. Article I gives Congress This essentially confirms the accuracy for checking a rampaging Executive branch the power to appropriate and the President, of our compilation which OMB chal that has steadily been aggrandizing its power under Article II, must take care that the laws lenged at the time. since the beginnings of the republic and are faithfully executed. That, to some, settles which, starting with President Franklin D. the matter in favor of Congress-but in fact The article by Mr. Miller also makes Roosevelt, has become the dominant branch. it merely restates the question. For Congress the telling point that simply because The struggle is now reaching classic pro has been anything but precise in its appro some limited impoundments have oc portions. Years of debate have convinced priations language, and it has been lax in al curred over a period of years, this makes the Senate and possibly the House that lowing past impoundments to go unchal them no more constitutional or legal stringent controls must be placed on the lenged. It is not only Senator Long, but other than the defective reapportionment of Presidential power to make war without members of Congress as well, who have in legislative seats that was finally corrected Congressional authorization and on his con formally conceded a power of Presidential duct of war. So, too, with "Executive privi impoundment. in recent years. lege," that doctrine of dubious parentage The Supreme Court could change the pic The heart of the impoundment issue is and less validity, which is invoked by the ture-in what way is unpredictable, given despotism or democracy. President when he wishes to withhold in the hard core of Nixon appointees there Because of the interest of my col formation from Congress or to shield his and Congress has some means of retaliation, leagues and the American people in this Cabinet members or administrative aides such as withholding appropriations for the most important subject of impoundment, from Congressional questioning. President's pet projects. I place the article from the Progre&1>i ve But it is in the area of spending powers OMB relies on three vaguely worded that the battle most directly concerns the statutes of a. general nature as the legal basis in the RECORD herewith. daily lives of most Americans-and where the of impoundments, plus the view that appro The perceptive article follows: constitutional confrontation will be re priations "empower" rather than "mandate" [From the Progressive Magazine, March 1973] solved. Unless and until Congress, aided expenditures: the Anti-Deficiency Acts of THE NEW CONSTITUTIONAL CRISIS perhaps by favorable judicial decision, halts 1905 and 1906, the Omnibus Appropriation what Senator Charles Mathias, Maryland (By Arthur S. Miller) Act of 1950, and the Employment Act of Republican, once called an "informal line 1946. That simply is not enough. The first (NoTE.-Arthur S. Miller, professor of con item veto" by the President, that official's two statutes merely allow establishment of stitutional law at George Washington Uni power will burgeon and Congress will ever reserves to effect savings and to provide for versity, ls a consultant to the Senate Sub more sink, to quote Mr. Nixon out of con contingencies. To find in the turgid legisla committee on Separation of Powers. He is text, into the status of "a poor, pitiful, help tive language authority for impoundment the author of three books on constitutional less giant." Under the Constitution the takes a mental leap that only Executive law; the most recent is "The Supreme Court President has the power to veto a bill only branch lawyers have been able to make, and the Living Constitution.") · in its entirety. Neither the Constit1l1:!on nor lawyers who act not as professionals but as Last October, when Congress was debating Congress gives the President express power apparatchiks. whether the President should be given dis of impoundment of funds voted for specific Even more specious is the reliance on the cretion to hold spending to $250 bllllon in purposes by Congress. This means he is Employment Act. OMB says that the Presi the current fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, doing it "informally." dent can fight inflation by impounding funds Senator Russell Long, the Louisiana Demo Last October, Congress tacked on to the and that the Act can be construed to permit crat who is chairman of the Finance Com debt-ceiling bill (and passed) a requirement it. But neither inflation nor impoundment is mittee, said in an interview that he favored th"'..t it must be notified of all impound mentioned in the Act; it was passed to pro the Chief Executive having limited power to ments, but then found the term difficult mote employment, production, and purchas cut the budget even after its enactment into to pin down. OMB, displaying the dazzling ing at a time when post-World War II defla law. Long asserted that such a.uthcrity footwork of professional bureaucrats, has tion, not inflation, was feared. All postwar "would only make legal what Presidents since seized upon the informing requirement as a Presidents nonetheless have inferred that Thomas Jefferson have done by usurpation." tacit recognition of the legality of impound they can use it to tackle inflationary pres He was referring to the Presidential practice ment, to the consternation of Senator Hu sures, partly through impoundments. It was of "impounding" appropriated funds-the bert Humphrey, author of the requirement, only when President Nixon began to dis process by which the President withholds who said, "There is little basis in law or in mantle social welfare programs that Congres or reduces the amount of an appropriation legislative history of law for the present sional ire began to boil over. approved by Congress and signed into law. impoundment practice." Humphrey main In the absence of express statutory lan Saying that it was practically impossible for tains that President Nixon ls violating "the guage authorizing impoundments, as in Congress itself to cut the budget, Long main will and intent of Congress" by deliberately Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 tained that "maybe the time has come when thwarting priorities set by Congress: (whereby states may be denied educational we need a benevolent dictator, if only tem Usually, appropriations empower the Ex funds if they persist in discriminating ra porarily.'' ecutive to SP,end that amount of money in cially in their schools), the President can The Senator's history of impoundment is support of programs authorized by Congress, rely only on some theory of "inherent" Ex dubious-before the Nixon Presidency, im a fact that has led some political scientists ecutive power-as head of a co-equal branch poundments mostly took place in mllitary to conclude tha~ appropriations are permis of government, and, at times, as Commander matters but now the cuts are deep into social sive rather than mandatory. That question, in Chief of the Armed Forces. That was Pres- February 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5219 ident Truman's theory, for example, when $5 million was taken from the Office of gresslonally-ordered impoundments have he seized the steel mills in 1952, an action Education's budget. been flouted, and Congress has done nothing. speedily invalidated by the Supreme Court. The State Department lost $27,000 in edu Even if appropriations are expressly man Save perhaps in times of dire emergency, cational exchange funds. dated or required, there are numerous ways such as a military invasion or similar catas $300 m1llion in urban mass transport the Executive can avoid or delay them and trophe, the President simply does not have money was blocked (at a time when the need still stay within the technical letter of the inherent powers in domestic matters. For was never greater). law. Only if Congress, as an institution, im eign affairs may be a different matter, but The Atomic Energy Commission was denied proves its ability to receive, assimilate, store, even there the legal picture is cloudy. It ls $370,000 for bio-medical research. and use vast amounts of data---economic relevant to note that the Justice Department The Veterans Administration was minus and scientific and military-will it then be dropped its reliance on inherent Executive more than $8 million slated for grants to in a position to match the Executive in a one power to wiretap in domestic subversion states for extended care facilities. on-one struggle. cases, after the lower courts had rejected it- All of these programs were approved by Possibly the basic trouble is that there is wisely, because the Supreme Court voted Congress as deliberate legislative choices, but only one Sam Ervin. It is no exaggeration eight to zero last year against the Executive these choices, hammered out in the political to say that Ervin is one of the most powerful on the same issue. arena, were scuttled by Presidential decree. and most respected members of the Senate. But, the argument goes, if there is no Of particular interest is the fiscal year 1972 He has excellent relations on both sides of statute or constitutional provision, then the impoundment of $620,000, which, according the Senate aisle. Senate Democratic leader President can rely on the fact that since to outgoing chairman Miles Kirkpatrick, was Mike Mansfield says that "Sam Ervin is the President Jefferson impoundments have oc withheld from the Federal Trade Commis man to watch this year," but he has so many curred. This might be called a theory of sion by OMB. Kirkpatrick told Senator Lee jobs that he will have to work double time customary constitutional law. It, too, is un Metcalf that this forced him to abolish to keep up. In his role as chairman of the tenable: Past "usurpation" (Senator Long's permanently seventy-two new positions de Government Operations Committee Ervin term) of power can hardly justify present signed to strengthen the protection of con stands in the center of the growing confron similar practices. To cite a not-too-exact sumers. tation between Congress and the Executive. analogy, state legislatures were malappor The FTC legally is an "independent" reg Impoundment should be seen as only one tioned for decades, but the Supreme Court ulatory commission, supposedly free from skirmish in the continuing political battle abruptly halted that in 1964; past practice both Congressional and Presidential orders. between the President and Congress. Thus there was not only not a justification for Thus the President cannot dictate a decision far, the· President has been able to fill a current practice, it was the problem-just: by one of the "independent" commissions. vacuum, for in politics, as in nature, a vac as here impoundment is the problem. But what he can do is screen budget requests uum is abhorred. If he is halted, it will be It is true that President Jefferson and on their way to Congress, and now it appears by politics. The law, and the courts, can other Nineteenth Century Executives im he can hamstring a commission by blocking help, but only to shore up political decisions. pounded funds on a relatively small scale. funds appropriated by Congress. If there is still validity to the notion of In our own century, Franklin Roosevelt What, then, can Congress do? Speaking American democracy, then the elected rep stepped up the practice considerably, and generally, it must display: (a) a determina resentatives of the people will in time pre his successors, Harry Truman, Dwight Eisen tion and a will; {b) a desire to stay in the vail. hower, John Kennedy, and Lyndon Johnson fight indefinitely; and (c) a new institutional Merely knowing the amount of money followed suit, in a limited way, and mainly capacity that will at least partially match blocked by OMB is staggering enough, but to reduce wasteful military expenditures. the Executive's expertise. None of these re to study specific programs is to realize that It is President Nixon, however, who has quirements is present now, although there many of the battles for social reform that carried the practice to an all-time high. is great unrest in Congress and a lot of talk. were so dlfilcult to win during the pa.st forty When Senator Sam Ervin's subcommittee Senator Ervin has introduced s. 373, a years must now be fought all over again. The held hearings in 1971, OMB conceded that tough bill that would require all impound American version of the welfare state is being at that time more than $12 billion was be ments to be referred to Congress-which scuttled by President Nixon. Not all of it, to ing blocked. (It had taken Ervin two years would then have to approve, affirmatively, be sure, but enough to reduce.to despair any to pry that data out of OMB.) In confirma each one. Failure to secure an affirmative vote who care for the poor and the disadvantaged. tion hearings in January, however, Caspar would mean a mandatory requirement to Constitutionally, that presents the unsavory Weinberger, Secretary-designate of Health, spend, something that Justice William Rehn picture of appointed ofticials-some little Education and Welfare, said impoundments quist, when he was .an Assistant Attorney known in Washington (and unknown outside approximated $12 b1llion, disputing Ervin's General, conceded would be binding on the it)-<>verriding Congress and its allegedly $15 billion figure. Executive. Ervin's bill is about as strong sovereign will. What OMB does is to sequester all or ma as it could be made; under its terms, even a An even more important reform would be jor parts of Congressional appropriations. failure of Congress to act on impoundments for Congress to streamline its appropriations This gives the agency a second shot, because would mean a mandate that the appropria process. It is senseless to make four trips to all original budget requests by government tions be spent. Whether Ervin's bill will be the legislative well to draw one pall of stat agencies must funnel through OMB on the come law is problematical, even though forty utory water. Each house must first author way to Congress. Often these departmental flve other Senators joined him in sponsoring ize a program or project and then each house and agency requests are sharply reduced or it. No one knows what the House will do. must appropriate funds to support it, follow entirely eliminated at this stage. After Con Congressional anger at the Executive may ing which a conference committee meets to gress acts, then OMB gets its second oppor be running at a high peak, but it may be iron out differences-and then each house tunity to pa.re appropriations or stymie en more hortatory than real. votes on the conference report. If a person tire programs through the illegal 1.mpound The staying power of Congress is even more set out to hamstring Congress, he could ment procedure. questionable. Through a supreme effort, one think of no better way to make it dlfilcult to Thus, to take some representative in or both houses can rise up and stop the act quickly and decisively. stances concerning the current budget year President at ti.mes-as when the nominations Senator Long's plaintive remark about the ending June 30, 1973: of Judges Haynsworth and Carswell to the need for a "benevolent dictator" is not just $105 mlllion was chopped off the Model Supreme Court were blocked. But for years the idle chatter of a garrulous politician. Cities Program (at a time when American no amount of legislative resentment was able Whether he realized it or not, Long was go cities are deteriorating). to do much about Vietnam, nor has it curbed ing to the heart of the major crisis confront The Bureau of Indian Affairs lost more the exercise of "Executive privilege" by the ing the country in the current struggle be than $53 m1llion a (few months before In Administration when it wishes to prevent tween the Legislative and Executive branches dians stormed the Bureau's Washington of the appearance of ofticials before Congres of our Government: despotism or democracy. fice in bitter complaint over lack of adequate sional. committees. treatment). On the other hand, in a little noted but Howard University, the nearly all-black important move, Senat01' Ervin last October college in the District of Columbia, had $3.7 got Congress to deny use of funds by the OEO--SUBSIDIZED EQUALITY m1111on held up (when the need for improved Subversive Activities Control Board to carry education for blacks was obvious). out the terms of an Executive order by which The Federal Prison System had $4.3 mil Nixon tried to transfer to the SACB the Jus HON. JOHN R. RARICK lion chopped off, at a time when even the OF LOUISIANA Chief Justice was speaking owt about prison tice Department's functions of running the problems. blacklist of "subversive" organizations. As a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES • $20 million for a prototype de-salting consequence the BoaTd is again all but mori Thursday, February 22, 1973 plant was impounded, just when the need bund at this time. for new sources of fresh water became acute. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the new The Defense Department was denied about 1964, !unds must be withheld from state army of OEO protestors, intimidating the $1.4 billion in shipbuilding and conversion agencies illegally discrlmtnating; that cutoff very foundation of our Government as funds (the ships are not listed), although provision was used by President Johnson, but well as exhibiting political muscle to one might note the pressing need for tankers under President Nixon it has been treated raise taxes, contains many interesting to haul liquid natural gas from Europe. with "benign neglect." In other words, Con- names. CXIX--330-Part 4 5220 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973 Many of these federally subsidized "has no right to take those (antipoverty) have OEO's legal services to the poor admin OEO protestors were interested in civil funds from you." istered by a government-sponsored corpora rights when they said that all they KING ANNIVERSARY tion. wanted was full equality. Perhaps they Mrs. Coretta King, whose late husband did not understand or had not been told led the Poor People's Campaign here five that full equality included work and pay years ago, told the rally she does not in FREDERIKSTED AMERICAN LEGION ing one's own way. tend to "let my husband's dream become a SUPPORTS PRESIDENTIAL VOTE nightmare." FOR VffiGIN ISLANDS Now it is quite obvious that they do And the Rev. Ralph Abernathy, the succes not want to pull their own wagon; they sor to Martin Luther King Jr. as leader of do not want full equality. They want the Southern Christian Leadership Confer HON. RON DE LUGO subsidized equality. Hiding behind such ence, said his followers plan a demonstration OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS here April 4, the anniversary of King's assas words as "poverty," they do not want IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES freedom from economic shackles of the sination. He said later in an interview, however, that Thursday, February 22, 1973 giveaways that they are begging the this might be coordinated with the protest working, producing American to be planned by --- and others. Mr. DE LUGO. Mr. Speaker, the gen farced to give to them. The Rev. Jesse Jackson, a former aide to tleman from Guam and I have recently The wrong people are demonstrating King who has formed his own organization, introduced House Joint Resolution 291 in our Nation's Capital. It should be the said his followers . plan "massive street to provide for the participation of Guam long-su1Iering taxpayers and working action" in various localities in the weeks and the Virgin Islands in the election class of America who should be demon ahead. He forecast the possib111ty of a "long of President and Vice President. hot summer," but would not amplify this. strating in support of the President's (Jackson he spoke of "marches on 50 or We have submitted this amendment to announced policy of getting the freeload 60 cities" and "filling up jail houses" until the Constitution of the United States to ers off their backs. the President or Congress responds, United correct an inequitable situation that I include a related news clipping: Press International reported. denies the American citizens of our two [From the Washington Star and News, (---, a member of the congressional territories exercise of the Presidential Feb.21,1973] Black Caucus which helped sponsor the rally, franchise possessed by their fellow Amer OEO PROTEST "JUST BEGINNING" complained that OEO was being "immorally, ican citizens. I can conceive of no reason illegally and unconstitutionally dismantled" (By Phlllp Shandler) before Congress could respond, UPI said. "The why loyal, dedicated, and responsible citi Civil rights leaders are planning further on ly way t h e President can understand what zens residing in our jurisdiction of the demonstrations here and across the country we are t !l.lking about is for him to recognize United States cannot participate in the against President Nlxon's effort to dismantle that the safety of America ls at hand," paramount decision of national deter the federal antipoverty program. --- said.) mination. Some are predicting "a long hot summer" MAYORS PROTEST During the recent visit of the Subcom of the kind that tore cities apart several (Among those here t o object yesterday was mittee on Territorial and Insular Affairs years ago, if the dismemberment of OEO is a group of m ayors seeking to prevent a big to the Virgin Islands I had the oppor not averted. reduction in federal grants to the cities, The A lobbying campaign and rally yester tunity to speak with many citizens con Associated Press repeated. Mayor Moon cerning this matter. Among those with day, which drew at least 20,000 people to the Landrieu of New Orleans, representing the capitol, was "just a ?eginning," its leaders U .S. Conference of Mayors, said reductions whom I met in St. Croix was a good emphasized. should be made in federai. spending. "But the friend who is always active in Crucian Poor people and workers in Official Eco battle shouldn't be fought on the sweat, on affairs, Verne I. Richards. nomic Opportunities community-action the backs of the poor who live in the cities," American Legion Bromley Berkley agencies swarmed across Capitol Hill yester he said, accordin g to AP.) Post 133 of Frederiksted has recently day urging members of Con gress to resist The mayors met with Democratic con met and ratified a resolution sponsored Nixon's plan to halt federal funding of the gressional leaders to protest spending cut community agencies and shift OEO's pro by Mr. Richards, the post adjutant, and backs. my good friend Mr. Edgar M. Iles, vice grams to other departments, starting July 1. --- said afterward that House Demo 706 BUSES cratic leaders are giving top priority to commander of the Department of Puerto Whether or not the citizen lobbyists "reversal of the President's strangulation of Rico and the Virgin Islands. The resolu changed any minds, they demonstrated that programs enacted and funded by Congress, tion petitions the Congress to act to en the poor ~·are still a force to be reckoned UPI said. --- told the city officials to de able the Virgin Islands to participate in with," James Couch, a New York antipoverty mand a meeting with Nlxon to air their Presidential elections. official who organized the act ivity, said later. grievances. Post 133 is comprised of Virgin Is District police put yesterday's visiting ONE REPUBLICAN landers who exemplify the loyalty, hon throng at about 20,000, based on their count Organizers of yesterday's so-called Mobili orable service and dedication to the prin of buses coming into town on prearranged zation for Domestic Unity had asserted that ciples and practice of American democ routes. But Couch said the police had not "infiltrators" had been planning to provoke tallied all the buses--he counted 706, carry disturbances, but none was reported. racy that characterize the allegiance of ing about 50 passengers each-or the cars Black a nd Puerto Rican participants ar Virgin Islanders to their country. I am which brought in more demonstrators. gued over the representativeness of the pleased to insert in the CONGRESSIONAL (Two buses from New York-which sent speakers, with the director of a Brooklyn RECORD the resolution passed by Bromley the bulk of the protestors-did not get here. drug center, Julio Santana, charging toward Berkley Post as testimony to the senti one hit the rear of the other in the Baltimore the end of the rally that the organizers were ment of Virgin Islanders on this ques Harbor Tunnel, requiring hospital checkups "running a black show." He was allowed to tion. of the passengers, many of them elderly. speak, however, and drew cheers. RESOLUTION DEALING WITH PRESIDENTIAL VOTE None apparently wa~ hurt badly.) Other speakers included --- and one FOR THE VIRGIN ISLANDS identifiable Republican, ---. MARCH PROTEST PLANNED Whereas, Virgin Islanders have served and The crowd at the rally on the west lawn CONSPICUOUS ABSENCE continue to serve faithfully and honorably of the Capitol swelled through the afternoon, Drawing attention for their absence were in the Armed Forces and other related as people completed their visits to congres ---.a leading advocate for the poor, and branches of the United States; and sional offices-and were paid return visits ---. Couch said they apparently were de- Whereas, in the great World Wars, in Korea by liberal lawmakers who addressed the rally. tained by a meeting of the Bay State dele and most recently in Vietnam, Virgin Is ---drew enthusiastic applause when gation. landers have promptly met the call of duty she said she and others were planning a more Two participants from The Bronx, N.Y., and have distinguished themselves with extended protest, and one that will focus on roamed the Capitol grounds in gorilla cos valor; and the White House. tumes, prompting screams and then laughs Whereas, many sons o! these Virgin Is In an interview later, --- said a coali- from congressmen's secretaries. One wore lands have given their lives, bled 1n loyalty tion of black, Hispanic and women's groups "Impeach Nixon" stickers. and dedication to the defense and honor of were planning a three-day demonstration, --- and other lawmakers are intro their country; and possibly 1n mid-March. Details have not been ducing resolutions that would express as Whereas, that Virgin Islands be given the worked out, however, she said. the will of Congress the desire that Nlxon right to vote for the President of these United Suggestions from several speakers to focus continue federal funding of OEO. States. Now therefore the protests on the President drew warm Meanwhile, a House Labor subcommittee Be it Resolved by the American Legion response. One of them was --- also from resumed hearings today on the proposed anti Bromley Berkley Post--133 of Frederlksted,,. New York, who told the rally that Nixon poverty moves, focusing on proposals to St. Croix, Virgin Islands, U.S.A. February 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5221 That we hereby petition the Congress of and Latvia into the Soviet Union. Our such credits or guarantee extended, or such the United States to act favorable on legis Government maintains diplomatic rela agreement concluded pursuant to any sepa lation to give the Virgin Islands the right tions with the former free government rate Act of Congress is in effect. to vote for President of the United States. of all three Baltic States. The United States has benefited enor Many citizens of the three Baltic na mously from the courage and vitality of tions, in an effort to rebuild their lives Estonian Americans. These gifted citi and maintain their ethnic integrity, have zens are a living reminder to the world of THE ESTONIAN PEOPLE WILL NOT applied for permission to emigrate. So what an atmosphere of freedom can do BE FORGOTTEN viet authorities have mocked these re for the spiritual, economic, and intellec quests by imposing an "education tax" tual lifeblood of a nation. I am honored HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO which can amount to $18,000 per person to have a part in the 55th anniversary OP ILLINOIS depending upon the level of education commemoration of the Declaration of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES attained by an intended emigrant. Independence of the Republic of Estonia, Consequently, on February 7, I joined and I extend my warmest greetings to Thursday, February 22, 1973 over 250 of my colleagues in the House those Americans of Estonian descent in Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, on Satur of Representatives in introducing a bill Chicago and all over the country who are day, February 24, Estonian Americans in urging suspension of trade with the So commemorating this occasion. the 11th District of Illinois, which I viet Union until such time as that coun proudly represent, and all over the Na try does away with its arbitrary and dis tion will commemorate the 55th anniver criminatory methods of limiting the sary of the Declaration of Independence right of emigration. The text of my reso PENSION REFORM: JUSTICE FOR of the Republic of Estonia. lution follows: THE WORKING AMERICAN The intellectual and material renais H.R. 3911 sance in Estonia during independence, A bill to prohibit most-favored-nation treat after centuries of medieval czarist rule, ment and commercial and guarantee agree HON. JOHN A. BLATNIK was astounding. In only 20 years, the ments with respect to any nonmarket OF MINNESOTA Estonian people, due to the winning of economy country which denies to its IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES citizens the right to emigrate or which long-coveted national freedom, gained Thursday, February 22, 1973 the admiration of the world because of imposes more than nominal fees upon its their political, cultural, and economic citizens as .a condition to emigration Mr. BLATNIK. Mr. Speaker, if work progress. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of ing Americans had a written bill of Representatives of the United States of rights, surely high on the list would be The mind of the nation appeared sud America in Congress assembled, That this denly liberated as from some heavy op Act may be cited as the "Act for Freedom of the right to security in old age, earned pression. Systematic research in the Emigration in East-West Trade." through a lifetime of hard work. domain of science received a strong im SEC. 2.·To assure the continued dedication In theory, some 30 million workers petus. The Estonian theater, Estonian of the United States to fundamental hu possess this right, through a pension music and art all attained a high level. man rights, and notwithstanding any other plan of some sort. Workers join a pen Education received heavy emphasis. Na provision of law, after October 15, 1972, prod sion plan with the anticipation of receiv ucts from any nonmarket economy coun ing a fair and steady income on retire tional minorities within Estonia were try shaJ.l not be eligible to receive most granted the right to organize their favored-nation treatment, such country shall ment; it is bargained for in contract schools and education and to develop n ot participate in any program of the Gov negotiations, and promised them when their national culture through their own ernment of the United States which ex they sign the piece of paper. freely and democratically elected orga tends credits or credit guarantees, or in Too often, it never materializes. nizations. Social legislation in Estonia vestment guarantees, directly or indirectly, A Senate Labor Subcommittee inves corresponded to modern Western Euro and the President of the United States shall tigating pension plans discovered that pean principles and because of a flour not conclude any commercial agreement since 1950, only 4 percent of the nearly with any such country during the period 7 ishing economic life, unemployment was beginning with the date on which the Pres million people covered under 51 pension nonexistent. ident determines that such country- plans had received any kind of retire Thirty-three years have passed since (1) denies its citizens the right or op ment benefits. Estonia. was overrun by the Communists portunity to emigrate; Another analysis of 36 plans covering and thousands of innocent people were (2) imposes more than a nominal tax on nearly 3 million workers showed that, inhumanly exiled, deported, and mur emigration or on the visas or other docu since 1950, only 8 percent of the people dered. The sad fate and memory of these ments required for emigration, for any pur under the plans had received any bene victims are very much alive today, and pose or cause whatsoever; or fits. (3) imposes more than a nominal tax, on the observance of the 55th anniver levy, fine, fee, or other charge on any citi The record shows a shocking trail of sary of Estonian independence, we pay zen .as a consequence of the desire of such hopes disrupted and funds evaporated tribute to their blessed memory, while citizen to emigrate to the country of his the difference between retirement years praying for the freedom of the Estonian choice, and ending on the date on which of deserved security and comfort or acute people from Communist totalitarian the President determines that such coun hardship for the vast majority of pen tyranny. try is no longer in violation of paragraph (1), sion plan holders. We in the free world enjoy all the {2),or (3). Clearly, Congress and the executive SEc. 3. After October 16, 1972, pursuant to benefits of political and economic lib any separate Act of Congress, {A) products of branch have a vital role to play in pro erty-yet how can we fully enjoy our a nonmarket economy country may be eligi tecting the working American. liberties while millions of our fellow men ble to receive most-favored-nation treatment, The basic question before us is this: are deprived of the most fundamental {B) such country may participate in any pro How can we square our present myriad human rights? gram of the Government of the United States of pension plans with our rapidly chang Because we ourselves are free, we have which extends credits or credit guarantees or ing times-in which companies merge or a compelling moral obligation to our investment guarantees, or {C) the President change function so radically that one brothers trapped behind the Iron Cur may conclude a commercial agreement with man is no longer needed; in which no such country only after the President has tain. It seems to me that this obligation submitted to the Congress a report indicat worker is content to fill one slot for 50 lies particularly heavily in our own coun ing that such country is not in violation of years or so; in which, indeed, job mo try, for as a leader in the free world, the paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of section 2. Such bility is the ladder to higher income. United States must help to keep the report with respect to such country, shall More importantly, times in which com light of liberty burning brightly in order include information as to the nature and im panies can be liquidated practically to remind those who look to the West plementation of emigration laws and policies overnight. for inspiration that they are not for and restrictions or discrimination applied to or against persons wishing to emigrate. The Even with the best intentions on both gotten. report required by this subsection shall be sides, a shocking nrumber of workers find Mr. Speaker, the United States has submitted initially as provided herein and, themselves without adequate pensions never recognized the seizure and forced with current information, semi-annually at the end of their working lives. "incorporation" of Estonia, Lithuai:ifa, thereafter so long as such treatment received, A new system must be developed or 5222 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973 Federal standards imposed to provide and the commission of crime from mali tion, Mrs. Bethune formed a "National Coun justice for the working American. cious vandalism to serious felonies bear cil of Negro Women," representing all com munities. Its object was to get better work The Employee Benefit Security Act, witness to the growing enforcement bur ing conditions for Blacks. which I am introducing today would dens placed on fish and game depart Among her many services in NACW and move us toward that goal by providing ments. otherwise, Mrs. Bethune was president for Federal standards for vesting, funding, I am today introducing legislation to several years of the Association for the Study and trusteeship applicable to virtually amend the Omnibus Crime Control and of Negro Life and History. all private retirement plans. Safe Streets Act of 1968 to make State First, the bill provides for a graduated fish and game departments eligible to vesting schedule leading to 100-percent receive aid from the Law Enforcement vesting rights after 10 working years. Assistance Administration. Mr. Speaker, LEGISLATION TO CLARIFY THE TAX Vested benefits would have to be distrib these agencies are responsible for safe STATUS OF CERTAIN PRISONERS uted at regular retirement age, but never guarding much of America's natural re OF WAR AND INDIVIDUALS MISS later than age 65. sources and making them available to us ING IN ACTION Second, the bill requires adequate and to future generations. To insure that funding of pension plans, so that an they will be able to continue and improve HON. HERMAN T. SCHNEEBELI employee would receive his benefits even their handling of this responsibility, I be if the company goes out of business. lieve that it is essential that assistance OF PENNSYLVANIA And, third, the trustees of pension be provided to t.hem by the Law Enforce IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES funds would have to manage them solely ment Assistance Administration. Thursday, February 22, 1973 A copy of my bill is as follows: in the interest of the employees, with Mr. SCHNEEBELI. Mr. Speaker, I am Federal safeguards against conftict of H.R.- today introducing for myself, and my interest, corrupt practices, and careless A bill to amend the Omnibus Crime Control colleagues, Mr. COLLIER, Mr. BROYHILL ness on the part of the administrators. and Safe Streets Act of 1968 to include in of Virginia, Mr. CONABLE, Mr. CHAMBER Descriptions of the plan would have the definition of law enforcement the en forcement of laws, ordinances, and regu LAIN, Mr. PETTIS, Mr. DUNCAN, Mr. BROTZ to be comprehensive and clearly written MAN, Mr. CLANCY, and Mr. ARCHER, legis so employees will know exactly what lations in any State relative to environ mental recreation, including parks. lation requested by the administration benefits they are entitled to. which will help solve certain problems Mr. Speaker, I emphasize that this is Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of and inequities in the tax law relating just the beginning; a modest pioneering America in Congress assembled, That section to the status of prisoners of war, those offort in an enormously complex area 601 (a) of the Omnibus Crime Control and still missing in action, and their families. which must be explored by practice as Safe Streets Act of 1968 is a.mended- These individuals have made tremen well as by the theorizing of the best ( I) by striking out the word "and" imme dous sacrifices and this legislation brains available. diately before the word "programs", (2) by striking out the period at the end should be accorded the highest priority. I am proud to sponsor the Employee The bill will enable the Ways and Means Benefit Security Act, because it is a vital of such section, and (3) by inserting in lieu of such period the Committee to act expeditiously on this first step toward assuring justice for the following: ", any activity pertaining to the important matter. many working Americans who, without enforcement of laws, ordinances, and regula I am inserting a section-by-section it, would find their dreams and hopes tions in any State relative to environmental analysis of the bill, prepared by the shattered, at a time in their lives when recreation, including parks." they are least able to rebuild and start Treasury Department, immediately fol lowing my remarks: anew. ANALYSIS OF TAX LEGISLATION PROPOSED FOR MARY McLEOD BETHUNE THE RELIEF OF CERTAIN MEMBERS OF THE FEDERAL LEAA ASSISTANCE FOR ARMED FORCES OF THE UNITED STATES RE STATE FISH AND GAME DEPART TURNING FROM THE VIETNAM COMBAT ZONE HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY SECTION (A)--COMBAT PAY OF MEMBERS OF THE MENTS ARMED FORCES OF MISSOURI IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Section 112(a) and {b) of the Internal HON. LOUIS C. WYMAN Revenue Code of 1954 currently exempts Thursday, February 22, 1973 OF NEW HAMPSHIRE from gross income combat pay received for active service in the Armed Forces of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, as we are all United States for any month in which the Thursday, February 22, 1973 aware the week of February 11-17 was set serviceman served in a combat z0ne or was aside for the study and reflection on hospitalized as a result of wounds, disease, Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, we are Afro-American history. or injury incurred while serving in a combat justly proud of our far-reaching system To commemorate the occurence, the zone. This exclusion may not exceed $500 of State parks and forests which provide St. Louis American newspaper carried per month for commissioned officers. us with needed recreation as well as with a series of articles featuring famous A member of the Armed Forces who is hos temporary relief from the pressures of black Americans. Last week Frederick pitalized as a result of injury incurred in a combat zone in the waning days of the urban life. These areas are becoming in Douglas was featured. This week the Vietnam conflict will not have his military ·creasingly popular and are used by more spotlight is on Mary McLeod Bethune. pay excluded under section 112 for any and more people each year. It will be even The article fallows: month following the month of his injury more necessary 1n future years for us Mary McLeod Bethune, the eighth presi in which there are no combatant activities to have them at hand as population pres dent of NACW "The National Association of in any combat zone. However, a serviceman :sures result in less and less breathing Colored Women" was born in 1875, in a log injured at an earlier date whose period of space for each of us. cabin on a South Carolina farm. Her parents hospitalization was entirely within the The continued availability of these had both been slaves. Mary was one of seven- period of combatant activities would have teen children. • had his military compensation treated as parklands depends on their successful Mrs. Bethune opened a small Educational combat pay and excluded from gross income management by State fish and game de and Industrial Training School at Daytona as provided by section 112. This provision partments. Unfortunately, there are con Beach, Florida. in 1904, with boxes for seats, of the blll would extend the exclusion of tinuing law enforcement problems in our no money, and faith. Due to her initiative section 112 to cover military pay received parks and forests as in our cities. Yet, and industry the school developed from a by servicemen up through the month hos under the present law, the Law Enforce little cabin school for five girls into Bethune pitalization ceases even if all combatant ac ment Assistance Administration is un Cookman College, an accredited coeduca tivities have terminated. to tional college which she served as president. able include State and fish and game Beginning in 1930, until a few years before SECTXON (B) -'INCOME TAXES OF MEMBERS 0:1' departments in its programs. These agen her death in 1955, she served in nationally ARMED FORCES ON DEATH cies face unprecedented challenges as prominent positions. As head of the National Section 692 ( 1) of the Code forgives income the vacationing public visits State parks Youth Administration (NYA) under Presi taxes of servicemen dying while in active 1n greater numbers than ever before. dent Franklin Roosevelt, she helped thou service in a combat zone or as a result o! Campsites are filled to overflowing, un sands of black girls and boys. In addition to wounds, disease or injury incurred while broken lines of hikers crowd the trails, government work and college administra- serving in a combat zone. The forgiveness ap- February 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5223 plies to the yea.r of death and prior yea.rs of a particular grief from our citizens, so On Wednesday, February 21, a panel service in the combat zone. strongly disposed to think first of the discussion, moderated by Mr. James J. When a serviceman is reported in a missing human freedoms which have been lost. O'Neil, of the University of Dayton His status for a number of years, and it is sub And, in a larger perspective, we all suf sequently determined that he died at an tory Department, examined Lithuanian earlier time while in missing status, his in fer the loss of the rich and unique inter identity, the church, culture, cultural come (other than his combat pay excluded national contributions which a free state unity and national divisions, and Lith pursuant to section 112) is subject to taxa of Lithuania can no longer make. uania and the Soviet system. Participants tion for years after the year of his death. Yet the death of a government is not included Dr. V. Bieliauskas, chairman of In general, the policy underlying section the death of its people. We have found the Xavier University Psychology De 692 was to recognize the hardships borne by inspiration in the struggle of the Lithu partment; Mr. Horace Zibas, president of the survivors of servicemen dying as a re anian nation to regain its freedom and the Lithuanian Council of Greater Cin sult of service in a combat zone and to at cinnati, and Dr. Frank RimVYdas Silba tempt to alleviate such hardships by reliev independence, and we are confident that ing their income from taxation for the period patriotic Lithuanians will never acqui joris, acting chairman and professor of of service in a combat zone. In the case of esce to the domination of an outside Slavic languages and literature, Ohio families of servicemen classified as missing power. Our observance of Lithuanian State University. and later determined to have died at an Independence Day is, then, a celebration A Lithuanian cultural evening is earlier date, this status creates unusual dif of hope for a new Lithuania which can scheduled for 8 p.m. Saturday, Febru ficulties, and the affairs of such families are seek its own future according to the will ary 24, in the University of Dayton Ken subject to great uncertainty. of its people. nedy Union Ballroom. It will include a Accordingly, this blll would extend the grand display o:: Lithuanian mementos, benefits of current law and forgive the in Today we will think of the thousands come tax liability of a serviceman who dies of Lithuanians who have jeopardized art, amber, and woven items, demonstra while in missing status for the entire period their own lives and futures so that their tions of intricate Easter egg designing, he was missing. In those instances when a nation might live again. We will pledge, straw Christmas ornaments and Lith widow has filed returns after the death of as well, that the "generation of peace., uanian style weaving. Folk dancing will a deceased serviceman without claiming the we now look to will include a new genera be provided by the Neris dancers from benefits of section 692, this provision would tion of free and independent Lithuani Pittsburgh and folk singing by the Ausra permit her to claim the benefits of this in ans. singers from Windsor, Ontario, Canada. come tax forgiveness within one year from The Lithuanian Independence Com the date of enactment of this bill. memoration will be conducted on Sun SECTION (C)-JOINT RETURNS THE 55TH ANNIVERSARY OF LITH day, February 25, beginning at 2 p.m. Section 6013 of the Internal Revenue Code UANIAN INDEPENDENCE with a mass in the native tongue at the permits the spouse of a deceased taxpayer Holy Cross Lithuanian Roman Catholic to file a joint return for the year in which he died. This bill provides that the spouse Church. At 3: 15 p.m. a program will be of an individual who is a member of the HON. CHARLES W. WHALEN, JR. held at the Lithuanian Social Club. The Armed Forces or who is serving in support OF OHIO week's events will conclude with a Lith of the Armed Forces, and who is listed in a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES uanian-American dinner at 6 p.m. Sun missing status, may file a joint return for day in the Holy Cross Parish Hall. such year even if it is subsequently deter Tuesday, February 20, 1973 mined that he was killed in an earlier year. If Mr. WHALEN. Mr. Speaker, I am the spouse does file a joint return for a year honored to join with my colleagues in after the serviceman or civilian has actually SHERIFF DEMARINO CALLS FOR died, the serviceman or civilian will be con commemorating the 55th anniversary of sidered to be alive for purposes of computing Lithuania's independence. JURY SERVICE REFORMS any income tax liability. The small Baltic nation clearly has SECTION ( D) -DISREGARDING COMPLIANCE maintained the vital spark of freedom PERIODS and patriotism as we know from the HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN OF NEW JERSEY Section 7508 of the Internal Revenue Code periodic news accounts of events which provides that the time an individual serves manage to make their way to the West. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in, or in support of, the Armed Forces in an What we articulate here today about that Thursday, February 22, 1973 area designated by the President as a com nation with its ancient language and cul bat zone, plus any period of continuous hos ture is no idle rhetoric. Mr. PATI'EN. Mr. Speaker, one of the pitalization outside the United States as a The Soviets know this fact well al finest sheriffs in the Nation, Joseph result of injury received while serving in though they continue to maintain the DeMarino, of Middlesex County, N.J., such combat zone, and the next 180 days wrote an article in the News Tribune, of thereafter, are to be disregarded in deter charade that Lithuania is a Soviet Soc mining whether certain enumerated acts ialist Republic. No more is that true than Woodbridge, N.J., on the importance of required under the Federal tax laws, (i.e., alleging that a sinner becomes a saint jury system reforms. filing any returns or paying any truces) are merely by standing inside of a church. I read the article with deep interest, timely. Lithuania is alive and well as one because I also believe that extensive im It is common for these individuals and of several enclaves of nationalism behind provements in jury service are necessary their spouses to file joint returns under sec the lines of Russian troops in what is and should have been made years ago. tion 6013. This bill would, in general, permit one of the remarkable testaments to the Although the area of jury service in the spouse of a serviceman and the repre volves State and county regulations, I am sentatives of his estate to defer filing any depth and strength of that nationality. returns or paying any taxes until after the Soviet efforts to foist the Russian lan inserting Sheriff DeMarino's thoughtful, servicemi..n returns or his Inissing status is guage and customs on the gem by the well-written, and constructive article in terminated. amber shores of the Baltic Sea have been the RECORD with the hope that it will as futile as using vodka as a replacement generate interest throughout the Nation. for milk for babies and no less absurd. Perhaps it will help result in real and LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY Lithuania is alive and well elsewhere effective jury service reforms in all 50 and no less in Dayton, Ohio, which is States: within my congressional district. Begin [From the Woodbridge (N.J.) News Tribune, HON. HOWARD W. ROBISON Jan. 12,19731 OF NEW YORK ning on February 18, the Dayton Lith uanian Community and the University of SHERIFF CALLS FOR JURY SERVICE REFORMS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Dayton Office of Internationa~ Education (By Joseph DeMarino) Tuesday, February 20, 1973 presented a Northern European Week As a professional in the business of law program featuring Lithuania, under the enforcement for 13 years and, most recently, Mr. ROBISON of New York. Mr. as sheriff of Middlesex County, I have had Speaker, our commemoration today of chairmanship of Mr. Frank P. Ambrose. the opportunity to observe and become fa the 55th anniversary of Lithuania's in On Sunday, February 18, Radio Sta- miliar with many aspects of what is com dependence marks as well the sad re tion WVUD-FM aired a 3-hour program monly known t oday as the criminal justice membrance of the 1940 annexation of of traditional folk songs with explana system. that country to the Soviet Union. The tions and contemporary and current rock Undoubtedly, one of the most important death of an independent state evokes music of Lithuania. aspects in the judicial process is maintain- 5224 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973 ing a sufficient number of jurors to meet This was the culmination of years of scent are commemorating two anniver varying court needs while at the same time planning and hoping, of years of agita saries---the 722d anniversary of the minimizing the time wasted by jurors wait., tion and struggle. Lithuania, once a pow founding of the Lithuanian State and ing to be called. the 55th anniverary of the establishment Adding to the dilemma is the initial selec erful state whose confines spread far tion process and the inadequate monetary beyond the Baltic littoral, was trium of the modern Republic of Lithuania on remuneration given to jurors. phantly reborn. The triumph at first was February 16, 1918. An enormous amount of correspondence short, for in the period following World As you know Lithuania was forcibly is received by the sheriff's office daily from War I armies marched and counter annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940 and individuals who have been summoned for marched across Eastern Europe. The Red and today its people are still seeking jury duty as well as from those who served Army briefly took control, but when the the freedom which many in this country as jurors. dust finally had settled an independent take for granted. RELUCTANCE TO SERVE Lithuania took her place among the free I recently received a letter from Mr. I have found during the past year that nations of the world. V. F. Volertas, president of the Lithu many individuals show a great deal of reluc For 21 years the people of Lithuania anian-American Community of the tance to serve on either a petit or grand jury controlled their own destiny. Then U.S.A., Inc., concerning this situation and and much of the reluctance is based on the factors liSted above. Lithuania found herself in the middle of at this time I would like to insert that Perhaps it is best to divide the population a power struggle, a situation so preva letter into the RECORD: into segments and briefly touch on each. lent in European history, between the LITHUANIAN-AMERICAN COMMUNITY There are those individuals who fail to reg Nazis and the Soviet Union. When the OF THE U.S.A. INC., ister to vote simply because they know that outbreak of the Second World War Philadelphia, Pa., February 7, 1973. prospective jurors are drawn from voter reg seemed imminent, Lithuania attempted Hon. STANFORD E. PARRIS, istration lists. to maintain a policy of absolute neutral House Office Building, This type of individual is not only short ity, but was gradually engulfed never Washingtdn, D.a. changing himself but his community as well, DEAR MR. PARRIS: Today, the United States because he has given up his voice in selecting theless. stands on the threshhold of the most mean candidates for public office and is also shirk In 1939 with the Hilter-Stalin pact ingful and potentially rewarding era in the ing his responsibil1ty to make the criminal consummated and the partition of Poland history of mankind. For the first time in the justice system function. agreed upon, Lithuania was confronted last fifty years, global peace ls attainable. Very often it is this type of individual who with the threat of invasion despite re However, global peace is only the first great is most vociferous in hiS criticiSm of the ju peated Soviet pronouncements of nonin objective of our nation, we must also seek dicial process. tervention. On October 10, 1939, Lithu the attainment of freedom and justice for all if PENALTY FOR CONSCIENTIOUSNESS oppressed nations. For even the countries anian representatives signed a mutual of the world cease hostilities toward one an On the other hand, we have the case of an assistance pact with the Soviet Union at other, the unresolved legacies o! the Second individual who is a registered voter and who a time when Soviet troops had massed on World War must be confronted; the status subsequently receives a summons for jury the Lithuanian frontier, which sealed the of the Baltic Nations must be once and for duty. fate of that brave nation as a cog of the all--equitably resolved. Furthermore, let us If this particular individual does not drive, Kremlin wheel of expansion. not be fooled that world peace can be at he is probably solely dependent on public tained by offering the inalienable rights of transportation to get to and from the court Following the brutal fighting waged on Lithuanian soil during World War II, the people of Lithuania and the other Bal house. tic Nations upon the altar of appeasement. Anyone even vaguely familiar with the Soviet reoccupation was firmly estab Even now, Lithuanians raised under the public transportation dilemma in this coun lished in 1944. Since that time Lithuania yoke o! communism are risking and sacri try and state would have to agree that a has not known independence. ficing their lives in defiance of the Soviet great burden is being placed on this particu The United States recognized the inde regime, seeking religious and political free lar juror. pendent Lithuanian Government on July dom for their country. The unsuccessful es Compensation given to a juror is five dol 27, 1922, and it has never recognized that cape attempt of the Lithuanian sailor, Simas lars per day and two cents per mile for travel Kudirka, the self-immolation o! Romas expenses. nation's incorporation into the Soviet Union. It continues to maintain diplo Kalanta, and the subsequent demonstration When one considers the cost of transpor by thousands of young Lithuanians, and the tation, of parking fees, plus the additional matic relations with the representative petition of 17,000 Lithuanian Roman Cath cost of lunch, it is very likely that serving as of the former independent government, olics to Kurt Waldheim of the United Na a juror costs the individual money. which has a legation in Washington. tions, demonstrates their thirst for freedom What bothers me most is how effective will Mr. Speaker, I am proud that our at any price. these individuals be in the performance of Government has, to this day, refused to The 89th U.S. Congress during its second a civic duty when they are required to travel session adopted House Concurring Resolution back and forth to the courthouse worrying recognize the illegal annexation of Lith uania by the Kremlin. I urge that the 416, urging the President to direct the ques about transportation facilities and other tion of the status of the Baltic countries in costs and yet being required to expend their United States continue this policy and own money. the United Nations and other international that we never forget the longing for lib forums. IMPROVEMENTS ADVOCATED erty of the noble citizens of Lithuania, The time is now, to present to the public Again, how effective can a juror be when he and we must continuously feed the :flame at large and the government of the United receives five dollars per day plus two cents of hope that burns within each of them. States the grave concern shared by Lith per mile for travel expense and who happens Let us hope it will once again take its uanian Americans and the people of Ea.st to be employed in a place of business which place as a free nation living in harmony ern and Central Europe over the approaching does not compensate its employes while they with its neighbors. Soviet proposed "European Conference on are serving on jury duty? Today, these courageous and brave Security and Cooperation". It is my belief that in the examples given Sincerely, above the jurors cannot funct ion effectively. people cling to the hope and idea of V. F. VoLERTAS, Improvements in many areas of the adju independence. I am happy to join the President. dicative process are needed to alleviate the loyal Americans of Lithuanian descent in current problems. celebrating this special day in the annals of man's quest for freedom and with THE FBI IN A FREE SOCIETY them hope for the freedom of the Lithu anian people and their homeland. HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE THE 55TH ANNIVERSARY OF OF TEXAS LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE LITHU.(\NIAN ANNIVERSARIES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. LAWRENCE J. HOGAN Thursday, February 22, 1973 OF MARYLAND HON. ST AN FORD E. PARRIS Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF VIRGINIA it was my privilege to have arranged for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and subsequently accompany Mr. L. Pa Tuesday, February 20, 1973 trick Gray III, Director of the FBI, to Tuesday, February 20, 1973 Mr. HOGAN. Mr. Speaker, on February College ·station, Tex., where he made an 16, 1918, Lithuanian patriots declared the Mr. PARRIS. Mr. Speaker, this month address before students from all over the independence of the Lithuanian state. Americans of Lithuanian origin and de- country who were attending the 18th February 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5225 Annual Student Conference on National Edgar Hoover had built, and for the men and Here ls where it all starts and where it all Affairs at Texas A. & M. University. women who had shared with him in that comes together. And as you would expect, I would like to bring to the attention creation. here is the fertile area for those who study of this body and particularly Members I approached this assignment with an open the operations of the FBI. In some cases mind. I wanted to see what made this great there is room for difference of opinion as to of the Senate, Mr. Gray's remarks. His organization tick ... what were the sinews, whether or not FBI jurisdiction is present. address entitled "The FBI in a Free So muscles, and nerves that held it together. Whenever in doubt, guidance is requested ciety" certainly embodies his personal Every American ls a shareholder in the FBI. from the Department of Justice. This is views as to the roll of his Agency within I wanted to see how good our investment standard operating procedure ... because our country's law enforcement efforts. As actually was. the FBI will not investigate unless we have a long time personal friend of mine, I Since that time, now approaching ten the required jurisdictional authority. was particularly pleased that the Presi months, I have been privileged ... as no In discussing the FBI, it helps to know other outsider had ever before been so priv exactly what we are and what we are not. dent has seen fit to name him as the Di ileged . . . to observe the performace of this We are the principal investigative arm of rector and I trust that this appointment American original at first hand ... to direct the Department of Justice. We are not policy is confirmed. its performance ... to question its perform makers. Even though we investigate ... we The address follows: ance . . . and to evaluate its performance. do not prosecute the alleged violators. We do THE FBI IN A FREE SOCIETY My approach was that of the inquiring submit reports of our findings during the (By Hon. L. Patrick Gray ill) mind. I posed questions ... questions of all conduct of an investigation to attorneys of types to the senior executives of the FBI ... May I congratulate SCONA 18 for the ex the Department of Justice ... but we do questions touching every aspect of the work not submit any recommendations as to dis cellence ... and contemporary relevance ... of the Bureau. Why this priority? Why this of your 1973 theme, "The Controlled Society." position of the particular case involved in procedure? Why these files? Why this utiliza the investigation. This ls a subject of great interest to our tion of resources? And once all the stock Nation today as it was in the earliest days Be careful of the language gap. Too often answers had been served up, they were asked I read that the FBI prosecutes or that the of our history. We the American people have to dig deeper and come up with still more continually sought ways and means to pre FBI convicts. We do not recommend ... we answers ... to provide rationale and justifi do not prosecute ... we do not convict ... serve that delicate balance between the secu cation for every brick and stone that went rity of the community and the freedom of but we do investigate and we do report our into the edifice of this 64-year-old human results to attorneys of the Department of the individual. institution. In late 1786 Shays' Rebellion erupted in Justice. It is a rare tribute to Mr. Hoover ... and The myths and legends being circulated Western Massachusetts. General Henry Knox, to the men and women who built the FBI worried about the possibility of anarchy, about the FBI ... that it ls a national police with him . . . for me to be able to stand force ... that it has an eye in every bed- wrote his good friend, George Washington: before you today and tell you that this mag "What ls to afford us security against the room ... that it ls an enemy of civil rights .: nificient organization responded with a zest, violence of lawless men?" . . . need to be laid to rest. an enthusiasm, and with an all-consuming In fact, the FBI, because of the training The answer came a few months later in the fidelity to perfection that ls unparalleled in Miracle of Philadelphia ... our Constitu- of its personnel, its guidelines for conduct my experience. ing investigations, its scrupulous respect for tion ... a document creating a government This process is continuing, but my own of law ... a document creating a government the rights of every citizen, is a vital force to provide both security and freedom ... not personal evaluation ls clear. The Nation can working against the type of controlled society be proud of the high-quality performance we all so .deeply detest. the one or the other, but both together ... of the FBI and its effectiveness in protect I and to all the people, not to some of the Let me illustrate. people. ing our security, yet at the same time respect The FBI's Handbook for Special Agents ... i Today, almost 200 years later, General ing the rights of the individual. The FBI which lays down the guidelines of our inves Knox's question remains germane to the ls responsive to the public interest in accord t igat ive policies . . . on the very first page changing, challenging world in which we ance with the law. stresses the absolute necessity of protecting live: I have found that the men and women of the constitutional rights of our citizenry. Can we control crime in a free society? the FBI are complete professionals. Their "Fundamental to all investigations by the Can we have security against "lawless prime . . . and overriding . . . characteristic FBI," it says, "ls the need to protect the con men" . .. the rapist, the thief, the sniper, is a sustained pursuit of excellence, an all stitutional rights of any individual while the hijacker, the terrorist, yet not forfeit the consumlng dedication to perfection. I have still thoroughly and expeditiously discharg precious freedoms which give dignity and also found that they possess an innate sense ing those responsibilities with which it ls decency to ou:- way of life? of decency, dignity, and courtesy. charged by statutes and Directives of the Can we protect our citizens, our homes, I set forth this background because I President and the Attorney General." our campuses, our streets and yet not become know there have been fears and allegations The FBI's training program is aimed at a "controlled society"? on the college campus . . . and elsewhere teaching Special Agents their obligations as My answer to each of these questions ls Yes ... that the FBI is a "Big Brother,'' hover officers of the law. The new Agent, for exam. provided that our people maintain a lively ing about, in Orwellian style, looking over pie, during the course of his training, re interest in our free society, in the great is the shoulders of citizens, checking on their ceives 60 hours of instruction in legal mat sues facing us, and make determined efforts every move, maintaining secret dossiers and ters with special emphasis on Constitutional to become well informed and aware of the undermining academic freedom. law and the Bill of Rights. He studies Federal facts involved in each issue. These allegations simply are not true. criminal procedure and ls carefully instructed There is no principle that ls more impor My experience as Acting Director of the on. the law of searches and seizures, inter tant than that government should remain FBI has convinced me of a number of things. views and confessions and the need at all close to the people and that the dispersion The performance of the men and women times to fully honor and protect the rights of power in our Federal System ls one of the of the FBI ls based on genuine respect for of the individual. The rules of evidence are great safeguards of the liberties of a free civil liberties. thoroughly explained and the statutes over people. But the people must be informed of The FBI observes strict conformity with which the FBI has jurisdiction analyzed. the facts . . . not the fiction . . . in order to constitutional requirements. Just recently Judge Jack B. Weinstein of exercise that power wisely in the national The performance of the FBI rests on stand the Federal bench in New York made these interest. ards of public service and dedication to duty revealing comments: As Acting Director of the FBI ... an insti which are impervious to corruption. "Local representatives of the FBI and other tution vitally concerned with the ultimate On occasion it seems to me that there are Federal law enforcement forces are, with rare answer to these questions ... I welcome this those in our land who would like to abolish exception, meticulous in their enforcement opportunity to tell you something about the the FBI . . . or at least abolish the files of of civil rights, including those involving service performed by the dedicated men and the FBI. search and seizure." women of the FBI to preserve both our se Obviously, the FBI has files. There a.re the In this connection, and in August of last curity and our liberties. so-called general files and the investigative year, we established a new FBI policy to in I want to share with you my impressions files. sure complete fairness regarding civil rights after being appointed to my present posi When we start an investigation we open investigations. In cases involving complaints tion . . . how I went about evaluating this up an investigative file. There can be any against police officers we do not assign Agents distinguished agency ... and what verdict I number of reasons for the opening of an in to make these investigations if they have have reached . . . especially relating to the vestigation. But there will be a reason within worked with these officers in the normal FBI's role in fight ing crime and thereby mak our jurisdiction. I have found no evidence course of business. This policy is in the in ing more secure our persona.I freedoms. a.t all that the FBI has gone out and investi terests of all ... our Agents, the police, and As you know, I was appointed Acting Di gated beyond its jurisdictional perimeters the public we serve . rector of the FBI in May of 1972. I ap . . . or taken the law into its own hands to The best protection of civil liberties is a proached this assignment with a. feeling of move in a dictatorial manner a.cross our land well-trained, intelligent, and honest law en respect and admiration ... bordering almost scape. forcement profession. That's why . . . time on awe ... for the organization that Joh n Actually, jurisdiction is our ground zero. after time ... the FBI's thorough and un- 5226 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973 biased investigations not only secure evidence tection of individual liberties while, at the and can ill afford to absorb these exorbi used by Federal prosecutors to persuade the same time, enhancing society's ability to pro tant increases. Many families in this jury to convict the guilty but also we often tect itself against the ravages of organized area now find recent raises in social se unearth the facts to exonerate the falsely ac crime. cused. This is a facet of our work so fre Again, let me emphasize that the funda curity benefits and Government wages quently overlooked. mental right of any free society 1s to pre completely eaten up by rent increases Part of the myth that the FBI is a Big serve itself and to maintain its government alone. Brother or a national police force comes from as a functioning and effective entity. This What is most distressing about a good misunderstandings about the National Crime concept ls basic to our Oonstitution and many of the increases is that they in no Information Center (NCIC) and our use of laws. sense can be justified wholly by com electronic surveillances. Listen to the words of Charles Evans parable increases in costs. The dramatic Proponents of this myth say that these Hughes, Chief Justice of the United States increases in rent, in part attributable to crime-fighting techniques invade personal Supreme Court and a noted civil llbertarlan, privacy and contribute to the growth of a speaking for the Court in a decision handed higher costs, are all too often caused by ''controlled society." down over 30 yea.rs ago: a desperate housing shortage in the I think their assumptions are wrong . . . "Civil liberties, as guaranteed by the Con Washington metropolitan area. We have and I want to tell you why. stitution, imply the existence of an organized one of the lowest vacancy rates in the As you know, FBI Agents ... and their society maintaining public order without country, and as a result building own brother and sister law enforcement of which liberty itself would be lost in the ers, absent rent controls, are able to raise ficers . . . must grapple on a dally basis with excesses of unrestrained abuses . . ." rents to unreasonable levels without fear the tough, sweaty realitJes of a demanding Why do I share these thoughts . . . these yet ambiguous world. They are called upon comments ... with you? of competition. Tenants often have no to make fast judgments, to weigh and bal Not, believe me, because I want you to choice but to accept the increases, as al ance competing values, without the luxury conclude that this is an exercise in self ternative housing is simply not available. of quiet reflection. justification. It is simply an attempt to set Given th~s acute shortage of housing, They need effective, up-to-date tools to forth some of the facts about the opera and the resulting lack of competition, fight the "lawless men" mentioned by Gen tions of the FBI in our free society. there are no market forces that can con eral Knox . . . men who would and do take Nor do I tell you this story to blunt your trol the upward spiral of rents. Accord away your privacy, your rights, your prop probing . . . your analyzing the FBI or the erty . . . and even your lives. entire law enforcement profession. We know ingly, I am introducing a bill that would The National Crime Information Cen that our actions will sometimes engender establish a rent control program in the ter . . . started in 1967 . . . represents one criticism. We do not pretend to be infallible. District of Columbia. of the law enforcement profession's most We continually evaluate and re-evaluate our This week. several area Congressmen progressive . . . most effective . . . tools performance to insure that it is relevant to met with Dr. John Dunlop, director of against the criminal. It is the computer in the needs of a constantly changing society. the Cost of Living Council. Dr. Dunlop action against "lawless men." This is not the We particularly count on the support of indicated that reimposition of Federal computer in action against noble citizens or thoughtful and responsible young people- rent controls is a possibility, though he just average citizens ... but it is the com such as you h ere today at SCONA 18. puter in action against those of our fellow We want you to judge us harshly ... but gave us no reason to believe that such citizens who choose to do violence to our fairly . . . and on the Facts, not on the a step was probable. He did indicate, criminal laws. Fiction. however, that in view of the fact that The NCIC's computer, located in Washing We want you to judge us on our merits ... widespread increases seem to be confined ton, with terminals across the Nation, stores not on misinformed viewpoints. We want you to a relatively small number of areas in information-subject to instantaneous re to weigh the rhetoric against the Facts. the country, some form of local controls trieval for the use of criminal justice agen We want you to judge us because we a.re might be appropriate. cies-about wanted criminals; criminal the servants of many masters . . . the whole histories; and stolen properties, including body of citizens in this free land, the Judi The bill I am introducing is patterned automobiles, guns, securities and other ciary, the Congress, the Department of Jus in large measure after the reasonably identifiable items of criminal loot. tice, and the President of the United States. successful phase II rent control program. By no stretch of the imagination is the We in the FBI a.re proud of our record of I am convinced that it is a balanced ap NCIC a Big Brother data bank . . . nor is achievement ... both in the fight against proach that takes into account the rea the NCIC a stratagem designed to invade crime and in the fight on behalf of indi victual sonable interests of both property owners your personal privacy. liberties. and tenants. The bill would freeze rents As you well know, our Constitution is not Our image will take on the nuance of new and roll back rent increases to pre a suicide pact. Free men and free women liv times and new mores. The style will change, ing in a free society and governing them a.s of course it must. But, my friends, the January 11 levels--January 11 is the selves have, as one of their first duties, the substance will not change, and the continuity date on which the President removed protection and preservation of the Constitu of mission will remain unbroken. phase II controls. A property owner tional democracy under which they Uve and That ls my pledge to you today. would be permitted to institute limited thrive. increases to cover certain increased costs. NCIC helps us to protect and preserve the These would include an annual 2.5 per interests of our free society by bringing tech cent cost-of-living increase, costs due to nology to bear on the side of law and Iaw RENT INCREASES IN THE DISTRICT higher taxes and other charges imposed abiding Americans. OF COLUMBIA REQUIRE LEGIS NCIC ls directed exclusively against the by the Government, and costs attrib criminal and is a cooperative venture llnk LATIVE ACTION utable to certain capital improvements. ing local, state and Federal law enforcement The blll establishes a District of Colum agencies into an effective crime-fighting bia Housing Rent Commission composed team. HON. WALTER E. FAUNTROY of nine members appointed by the Mayor Court-approved wiretaps represent stlll OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA and approved by the City Council. The another highly important tool in the fight IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES membership of the Commission is to in against the hard-core forces of crime. clude both landlord and tenant inter On last Sunday the lead paragraph of an Thursday, February 22, 1973 Associated Press story from Boston, Mas ests. The Commission will be responsible sachusetts, told it Uke it really is: Mr. FAUNTROY. Mr. Speaker, the for administering and enforcing the act. "Armed with search warrants, computers, past several weeks have seen a wide The Commission will have the author electronic surveillance and a coordinated ap spread increase in rent levels here in the ity to grant exceptions to the rent con proach, lawmen are hitting organized crime District of Columbia and in surround trol guidelines on a case-by-case basis, 1n New England where it hurts-jailing its ing areas. These rent hikes have fol but such exceptions may only be given leaders and harassing its bookies." lowed closely upon the heels of the Pres pursuant to published standards set by I want to emphasize that in its tightly limited and controlled use of electronic ident's removal of phase II controls on the Commission after public hearings. In equipment, the FBI oonforms strictly with a rental housing. In all too many cases, addition, specific exceptions may be law given to us by the Congress to facllitate tenants have been hit with excessive 30- granted to a property owner only after an all-out effort against organized. crime. to 40-percent increases in rent. the tenants in a building have been noti This technique is employed not only with the The impact of such rapid increases in fied and have had the opportunity to approval of the Attorney General but with rent can be particularly disastrous on present their case in a public hearing. the specific authorization, in each instance, families with fixed incomes who often The Commission will have a 2-year of a Federal judge. pay 40 percent of their income or more life, after which the city council is given This law was drafted by the Congress using for housing. The average family pays 20 the authority to renew the Commission language designed to afford the fullest pro- to 25 percent of its income for shelter, on a yearly basis. February 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5227 The bill makes it unlawful for a land cording to a recent study by two German a tranqullizer with a. highly prized nontoxic lord to take retaliatory action against a scientists, financed by C. H. Boehringer quality that was widely sold throughout Eu tenant who exercises his rights under the Sohn, a privately owned pharmaceutical rope. Tragically, as everyone learned too late, concern which ranks on a par with Hoechst, thalidomide taken by expectant mothers also act. the U.S. in 1961 invented more remedies than produced horrid deformity, leading to the The bill would provide for enforcement the next three most productive companies birth of thousands of children with stunted of the rent control program by assessing combined. A decade later, in striking con limbs or none. Ever since, those involved in a $5,000 fine for violations of the act. In trast, it had fallen far behind. American the manufacture or sale of the drug while addition, either tenants or the Commis physicians and their patients today enjoy disclaiming legal llabillty, have been wrest sion itself may file a lawsuit in the su access to no more than one quarter of the ling with the question of how to compensate perior court for injunctive relief to force new remedies developed by U.S. pharmaceuti the victims. compliance with the act. In order to cal laboratories at home and a.broad. During In England, after a. series of articles in the the pa.st eight yea.rs, only one new drug in Sunday Times on the "thalidomide babies," make such a lawsuit readily available 17 discovered worldwide has been sold here. the issue has grown especially hot. Distillers to tenants, the bill provides that the Co., which repeatedly has increased its offers party winning the lawsuit may recover The German study cited by Mr. Blei of financial assistance to the stricken fami the reasonable costs of the litigation. berg concluded that the gap can be lies, has been roundly denounced in Parlia This bill represents, I believe, a bal traced to "the strict and ever more ex ment, threatened with global boycott (led anced and fair approach to the severe tensive registration requirements of the over here by the ubiquitous Ralph Nader) rent squeeze faced by all too many peo U.S. Food and Drug Administration." and heavily liquidated on the London Stock ple here in Washington. Tenants will It declared that, Exchange. Alarmed at the widespread furore and the potential damage to their own good find their rents set at firm levels, sub Excessively rigid bureaucratic measures, names, iniluential shareholders such as those ject only to limited increases directly political influences ... are handicapping cited above have added their ponderable tied to higher costs faced by the land therapeutic progress. weight to the pressure on management to lord. Property owners, on the other hand, Similar studies in the United States settle. can recover fair rents. This approach is have reached the same conclusion. Pro "People, not profits," one can almost hear necessary and workable, and I am going our concerned correspondent from Palo Alto, fessor Sam Peltzman of U.C.L.A. con Calif. (Barron's Mailbag, January 8, 1973) to press for enactment. Next week, I will cludes that a 2-year delay-now at a be asking my colleagues on the District murmur righteously as he empties (down the minimum, standard operating proce drain, of course) a bottle or two of Johnnie Committee to cosponsor this legislation dure-on existing anti-tubercular drugs Walker Red. Yet as even the London Econ with me. It is my hope that earlier hear would have cost the country $2 billion omist--no ardent champion of private en ings can be held, and rapid action taken and 13,000 lives. Mr. Bleiberg concludes terprise--observed the other day in a. by the Committee. thought-provoking leader, the controversy is that, not a matter of black-and-white. No charges Similar delays in implementing future have been brought against Dist1llers, which, cures for heart disease or cancer, inevitable before marketing the drug, obtained a license as things now stand, would cause incalcul from the duly constituted authorities. As to THE FDA: IS IT HANDICAPPING able and tragically needless grief. THERAPEUTIC PROGRESS? the company's offers of settlement, which It is essential that we place the work of have been repeatedly spurned, even the least the Food and Drug Administration in a generous looks lavish compared to what Her HON. PHILIP M. CRANE Majesty's Government, in a disaster involving proper perspective, and understand how both clear-cut ofilcial negligence and heavy OF ILLINOIS its drug regulations, originally meant to loss of life, saw fit to bestow. There is a. final IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES protect us, may be doing us serious harm. and perhaps most ironic point. Thanks to Thursday, February 22, 1973 I wish to share with my colleagues the the late Sena.tor Estes Kefauver and the Food article, "Thalidomide Children, They're & Drug Amendments of 1962, the thalidomide Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, there has Not the Only Victims of the Tragedy," by tragedy, so an overwhelming mass of evi been much discussion in recent years· Robert N. Bleiberg, from Barron's of dence now suggests, has succeeded in delay about the necessity for carefully testing ing--or denying-needed remedies to untold January 15, 1973, and insert it into the numbers of sufferers in this country. There foods and drugs before they are per RECORD, at this time. mitted on the market. by it threatens to infiict the most widespread THALIDOMIDE CHILDREN-THEY'RE NOT THE and lasting harm not upon Germany or Following the controversy over the 0NLY VICTIMS OF THE TRAGEDY Great Britain but upon a land which was drug thalidomide, a tranquilizer with a (By Robert M. Bleiberg) providentially spared. highly prized nontoxic quality that was The Europeans weren't so fortunate. Thal widely sold throughout Europe, and when For nearly one hundred years, The Dis idomide stayed on the market for nearly four tlllers Co. Ltd. of London has gained fame yea.rs, from 1958 through 1961, until the taken by expectant mothers tragically and fortune by spreading throughout the produced horrible deformity in thou dread side effects were traced to the source. world its unique brands of cheer: Black & As a result, several thousand babies, in Den sands of children, regulations in our own White, Dewar's, Haig, King George IV, Vat 69, mark, Germany, Great Britain, Norway and country were made increasingly strin Johnnie Walker and White Horse Scotch Sweden, were born deformed. Though legal gent. whiskies; Booth's, Gordon's and Ta.nqueray liability has never been fixed, those responsi The purpose of our regulations, which gin; and a good many other more-or-less ble for selling the drug have sought every make it necessary for any new drug to spirituous beverages, ranging from Crofile's where to make amends. In 1969, parents of undergo lengthy examinations by the Green Ginger wine to Pimm's Cup. As might 100 children in Scandinavia settled out of be expected, revenues and profits have court for $7.3 million, payable as a tax-free Food and Drug Administration, is to pro trended generally upward for as long as even tect the consumer. In fact, the regula annuity. In Germany, for 2,600 victims, the the soberest can remember: in the latest fl.s Bonn government set up a foundation with tions which have been in force since the eal year, the 12 months ended March 31, 1972, $31 m1llion contributed by the manufacturer, thalidomide case, may be more damag Distlllers Co. reported turnover exceeding to which it added half as much again. The ing to the American people than the less $1.1 billion and net income of a.bout $100 children received a lump sum of $8,000 and stringent regulations which preceded million, equivalent to 28 cents on each of 363 a monthly pension based on disability. In them. ordinary (common) shares outstanding. And 1968, Dist1llers settled with the parents of The fact is that new drugs are kept ofi'. in Great Britain, where a man's tipple is held 62 children for roughly $40,000 a.piece and, the market until they successfully pass in something akin to reverence, institutional ever since, has been engaged in negotiations investors, including the Britannic Assurance with the remaining 342 families. Under the through the maze of bureaucratic obsta Co., Legal & General Life Assurance and pressures cited above, it has raised its offer cles set up for them by the Food and Prudential Assurance {which boasts the big several times, week before last to $50 m1llion, Drug Administration. Thus, Americans gest block of stock of all) have lined up, so payable in $5 mlliion installments over the are not able to take advantage of the as to speak, three-deep at the bar. next ten years. In addition, the company latest scientific advances until several These days, however, they're apt to balk at offered parents a lump sum of $12,000. All years after the advance has been made. drinking to your health. For owing to an 111- told, even discounted to present values, the fated foray into pharmaceuticals a decade or package adds up to well over $100,000 each. Discussing this serious situation, more ago, The Distillers Co. Ltd. (no connec Robert M. Bleiberg, writing in Barron's, Distillers' offer, as is evident, compares fa tion with Canada's Distlllers Corp.-Sea vorably with other settlements. It is princely notes that, gram's) lately has found itself caught up in in the light of the treatment meted out by It has grown painfully apparent that in an ugly mess. Back in the 'Fifties, the com the United Kingdom's National Coal Board terms of the discovery and use of new drugs, pany became the licensee in the United to the families of the victims of the dis the U.S. has become a. have-not nation. Ac- Kingdom for the German drug thalidomide, aster at Aberfan (Wales), where, in CXIX-331-Pa.rt 4 5228 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973 October of 1966, two million tons of rain $2 blllion and 13,000 lives. Similar delays in ing ... Urban renewal was coming ... Only soaked coal waste plunged down a mountain implementing future cures for heart disease four buildings stood then as they do now ... side, engulfing a score of cottages and a or cancer, inevitable as things now stand, the YMCA, St. Agatha's Conservatory, my schoolhouse and ca.using the deaths of 28 would cause incalculable, and tragically church, founded in 1852, and St. Louis adults and 116 children. After finding the needless, grief. Who will compensate these Church on the corner. Coal Board gullty of "ignorance, ineptitude victims and their families? "I have had three visions since then," said and failure of communications," an official Pastor Sweitzer. "And I don't usually hear inquiry concluded that the Board's legal voices and see things ... but there are times lia.b111ty to pay compensation was incontest when something happens and you better able and uncontested." So it did-50 pounds FAREWELL TO A MAYOR listen ... I listened." to each family and ultimately 500 pounds Dr. Sweitzer didn't believe the downtown (some $1,400) for ea.ch child lost. Private church was in its death rattle. contributions, pouring into Aberfan from all HON. JOSEPH E. KARTH "Here I was in one of the oldest churches over the world, ultimately came to several OF MINNESOTA in Minnesota and I was determined to breathe million dollars. new life into it. I started out in the pulpit Dollars-and-cents aside, Distlllers, as The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by bringing the Gospel down to the street Economist unexpectedly and eloquently put Thursday, February 22, 1973 level. And on the outside, I sandblasted the it, scarcely deserves to be pllloried. "No seri grime and soot crust off the building to bring ous evidence suggest(s) that the Distlllers Mr. KARTH. Mr. Speaker, since man's out its beauty and lustre." board was negligent, according to the stand accomplishments speak far louder than His first vision was to persuade a private ards of the times, when thalidomide was words, it is with a great sense of pride developer to build a parking ramp on manUfactured and sold in this country. The that I bring our colleagues' attention to church-owned land south of the church. Germ.an tests had not been controverted, the a man whose accomplishments positive That ramp recently was topped off by three British standards were adhered to, and the floors of offices known as the Hanover providential hesitation a.bout the drug in the ly "shout." That man is Dr. Henry Sweit Building. United States was concerned with some quite zer who is leaving the Central Presby "My second vision was to acquire St. different, and far less damaging, side-effects. terian Church of St. Paul for the First Agatha's from the St. Joseph's nuns and There is no apparent moral responsib111ty on Presbyterian Church of Salt Lake City, convert it into a residence for single girls the shoulders of Distillers' directors. The Utah. What he leaves behind in St. Paul and women. What a gem of architecture. moral responsib111ty on the company is the will be an everlasting memory to a man's What a beautiful building. And we've not one that its shareholders are prepared to dedication, vision and accomplishment. only preserved, but made it a viable part of accept. . . . But this answer to the issue is Dr. Henry Sweitzer came to Central the community." only a local one. If it comes about, it wlll Harry Sweitzer says his third vision was speak well for the generosity a.nd charitable Presbyterian at a point when people be to erect Central Towers, next to Central conscience of Distillers' shareholders. It wlll gan to doubt whether the downtown por Manor-an 11-story apartment house for not help to resolve the bigger questions of tions of our cities could, or even should middle-income senior citizens-a pioneer the responsibiUty of the national health serv survive. Dr. Sweitzer proved that they then and still one of the few such privately ice and, even more important, the rsponsi could not only survive, but thrive. His run apartment complexes in a central city. bllity of the individual for the drugs he ecumenicism is legend in St. Paul and I That was 1964 when "we broke ground." decides to take.'' am sure the good Mormons of Utah will Meanwhile, the rest of the Loop was stir If The Economist furnishes no answers, it ring with rehabilitation and building. at least has begun to ask the right questions. find this Presbyterian pastor to be as By the day of Central Towers' dedication, On this side of the ocean, too, there are willing a partner in the performance of Dr. Sweitzer had a new title-"Mayor of questions-notably regarding the risk reward good works as the St. Paul Catholic Tenth and Cedar.'' ratio of federal drug regulation-that cry out priests. "We had a population a.gain,'' he said. to be answered. For it has grown painfully We, in St. Paul, will miss Dr. Sweitzer, "Four hundred people living on this cor apparent that in terms of the discovery and but a man of his kind is too good not to ner. And what helped my church helped the use of new drugs, the U.S. has become a share with others. For those of our col Catholics next door because about half the have-not nation. According to a recent study leagues who may be interested in the de residents at Central Towers and the Manor by two German scientists, financed by C. H. a.re Catholic." Boehringer Sohn, a privately-owned pharma tails of Dr. Swietzer's work I am insert This revival of people power at Tenth and ceutical concern which ranks on a par with ing into the RECORD a recent column on Cedar founded a spirit of cooperation be Hoechst, the U.S. in 1961 invented more his accomplishments entitled "Farewell tween Presbyterians and Catholics that has remedies than the next three most productive to a Mayor." been a delightful episode. companies combined. A decade later, in strik FAREWELL TO A MAYOR "Those wonderful Marist priests next ing contrast, it had fallen far behind. Amer A lady who lives in Central Towers at door ... Fathers Kerwick, Gleason and now ican physicians and their patients today Cedar and College passed on the rumor at McGuinness ... all of them ... we've been so enjoy access to no more than one quarter of lunch. close during my time. I've preached over the new remedies developed by U.S. pharma "Have you heard?" she said. "Dr. Henry there. They've presided at services over ceutical laboratories at home and abroad. Sweitzer, pastor of Central Presbyterian here . . . I guess we really made it when During the past eight years, only one new church who founded this place, had a vision. Father Morino retired and moved into Cen drug in 17 discovered worldwide has been He's going to leave the Presbyterian Church tral Towers." sold here. Tracing the gap to "the strict and go to Salt Lake City and become a mis Meanwhile, the new Museum of Arts and and ever more extensive registration re sionary to the Mormons." Sciences was added to the community, the quirements of the U.S. Food and Drug Ad The lady didn't have it quite right, but freeways came, Capitol Approach was com ministration," the study grimly concludes: there is a germ of truth. pleted and a blend of the old city and new "Excessively rigid bureaucratic measures, Pastor Sweitzer, the "Mayor of Tenth and thrived. political infiuences . . . a.re handicapping Cedar Streets," who brought us Central Tow Along the way, Dr. Sweitzer became deeply therapeutic progress." ers, Central Ma.nor, Hanover Parking Ramp involved in civic action-on the board of Others-notably Professor Sam Peltzman and office building ... who revitalized his St. Paul-Ramsey Hospital, the Bush Foun of UCLA-have reached the same conclusion. downtown church ... whose ecumenicism dation, other social programs. In a brilliant piece of analysis, Professor spilled next door and caught the enthusiasm As much as they wlll miss him and his vi Peltzman has succeeded in quantifying, at of the priests at St. Louis French Catholic tality, the pedestrians and dwellers will re least roughly, the benefits and costs of FDA church ... the "Rocket of that Gibraltar gret the passing of Dr. Sweitzer's sermon regulation. Thus, according to his calcula of Faith" at 500 Cedar St. is leaving for topics posted each week on the big, lighted tions, a tragedy like the one that struck Salt Lake City, but to take post as pastor bulletin board outside Central Presbyterian. users of chloromycetin in the 'Fifties might of First Presbyterian Church out there. They became classics-like last week's "Love have cost 753 lives and $22 million (the "And the Mormons wlll just have to take Reduces Friction to a Fraction." Others that capitalized value of the deceased's lost earn their chances," he said the other morning as were memorable: "This is the World's Great ings). As we have seen, thalidomide, at a. we sat in his office, going back over 15 dy est Redemption Center" ... "Take Off Your cost of perhaps $110 million, has blighted namic years of his pastorate. Shoes; You're on Holy Ground." ... "When several thousand lives. However-and here "I didn't even know they wanted me out You Get to the End of Your Rope, Tie a is the other side of the coin, all-too-often there . . . but they do and I'm going . . . Knot and Hang on." ... "Don't Take Your overlooked-excessive regulation, merely by I don't want to be the man who stayed self Too Seriously; Your Ha.lo Could Be delaying the application of new drugs (to say around five years too long ..." come a Noose." nothing of keeping them off the market Harry Sweitzer's "Little Town" was a Unfortunately, the members of Pastor permanently), exacts a far more terrible loose, decaying, impersonal stretch of the Sweitzer's church never will hear his fare price. According to Professor Peltzman, a Upper Loop when he arrived from Grand well sermon. In the confusion of pa.eking, two-year delay-now at a minimum, stand Forks, N.D., in 1958. he shipped it off to Salt Lake City. ard opera.ting procedure-on existing a.nti "They said the downtown church was dy "I'Ve written a substitute for Feb. 18, my tubercular drugs would have cost the country ing ... the slums around here were empty- last Sunday," he said. "Maybe I'll give my February 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5229 original 'farewell' as a 'hello' in Salt Lake School, and the many dedicated nuns at St. Charge of an honor guard at the funeral of City. Dominic's, St. Agnes, and Brescia College President John F. Kennedy and at the Inau It will be interesting, at that, to see what who inspired him to complete his education guration of President Lyndon B. Johnson. happens to the Mormons. and to become a better citizen. In May 1966, under the Marine Corps' out In entering the service at an early age, stand.!ing leadership p~m. Mr. Merna, Mr. Merna followed somewhat in the foot then a career Marine with 19 years of en steps of his older brother George who left listed service, was commissioned a Second RETIRED MARINE REALIZES LIFE St. Agnes and Tappan Zee High School in Lieutenant in the regular Marine Corps. He LONG AMBITION 1943, at the age of 18, to enlist in the Navy was ordered to Vietnam where he served with during World War II. George was killed in the Third Marine Division from August 1966 action on February 11, 1945 when his ship, to September 1967. He was promoted to First HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN the USS LST 577, was sunk by the Japanese Lieutenant while in Vietnam, and was OF NEW YORK during an enemy engagement in the Philip awarded his second Navy Commendation IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pines. This personal loss was the beginning Medal with Combat "V" and received the of the younger brother's strong patriotic Viena.mese Cross of Gallantry from the Viet Thursday, February 22, 1973 feelings, and his overt love of country and na.m.ese government. He accumulated 18 other Corps. decorations and awards during his mllitary Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, I am Mr. Merna's 22 year career in the Marine career. pleased to call to the attention of the Corps, in which he served in every enlisted Mr. Merna retired from the Marine Corps Congress today a former constituent who, grade from Private to Master Gunnery Ser in 1968 after completing a tour as Adjutant despite many obstacles and adversities, geant and later as a Commissioned Officer, with the Marine Afr Reserve Training De persevered and realized his lifelong am included service in practically "every clime tachment at Andrews Air Force Base in bition of receiving his bachelor's degree. and place." His duty assignments varied from Washington. He accepted a position with the The life of Gerald F. Merna, a Korean Infantry Platoon Sergeant to Recruiting Of U.S. Postal Service in Washington, D.C. and war veteran and a former resident of ficer, Adjutant, Personnel Officer, Awards participated as one of the principal Postal Program Ad.ministra. tor, Legal Officer, and Service representatives on a major joint Rockland County, part of the 26th Con Casualty Noti:flcation Officer. industrial contractor-Postal Service project gressional District of New York, is in The fa.med Marine Corps Recruit Depot at to develop and implement a Job Evaluation spirational and I would like to share with Parris Island, South Carolina, 1n 1947, was System responsive to the changing needs of you a story of some of the events which the first stepping stone in the transforma the Postal Service. He is presently Manager, took place in his life leading to his suc tion of this Rockland County youngster into Compensation Records Branch in the Postal cessful accomplishment of a goal, the a proud, disciplined, professionally trained Service's Office of Job Evaluation. receipt of his bachelor degree from Marine. Following his boot-camp graduation, On hand at Constitution Hall when Mr. George Washington University on Feb Mr. Merna reported for duty with the 22nd Merna receives his long-a.waited sheepskin Marines at Quantico, Virginia, and subse on February 19 wlll be his wife Dorothy, rua,ry 19, 1973. quent training at San Diego, California. daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas F. Sed STORY OF MR. MERNA With the outbreak of the Korean War, lack, Sr., of Ferdon Avenue, Piermont, New Gerald F. Merna, a former Rockland Mr. Merna, then serving at Ca.mp Lejeune, York, and their two children, Linda, a fresh County, New York student at St. Dominic's North Carolina, was reassigned to recruiting man at George Mason University, and son in Blauvelt, St. Agnes in Sparkill, County duty in New York. He recruited out of the Gerald T. Merna, a high school junior. The Marine Corps Recruiter in the early 1950's Nyack, New York, Paterson and Hackensack, Mernas presently reside in historic Alexan who married a Piermont girl, is looking for New Jersey and New York City sub-stations dria, Virginia.. Also in attendance will be ward to celebrating George Washington's until March 1952 when he volunteered for two of Mr. Merna's brothers, James and Rich Birthday this year, not just because it's a duty in Korea. ard, both former Marines themselves. legal holiday, but because it wlll be the ful From April 1952 to May 1953, Mr. Merna Since he had only received his high school fillment of a lifelong ambition. served in Korea as an Anti-Tank Assa.ult In diploma in the mail while in the service, After attending fourteen years of night fantry Unit Leader with the 1st Batta.lion, this wlll be his first graduation ceremony. school at three dift'erent colleges, and com 5th Marines, 1st Marine Division, where he "I'm going to wear that cap and gown on pleting a 22 year career of enlisted and com was awarded his first Navy Commendation the 19th, you can bet on that," he said with missioned service in the United States Ma Medal with Combat "V", and as a Platoon a grin. rine Corps, including full tours of duty in Sergeant with "E" Company, 2nd Battalion, A fitting ending to a small but rugged the Korean and Vietnam combat war zones, 5th Marines, with whom he participated individual who would rather wear out than Mr. Merna, 42, will receive his bachelor's in the bitter :fighting on Outpost Vegas. Mr. rust out. degree in Business Administration from The Merna's Regimental Commander during this George Washington University during its time was then Colonel, now retired four-star Winter Convocation at prestigious Constitu General Lewis W. Walt, former Assistant tion Hall in Washington, D.C., Monday, Feb Commandant of the Marine Corps. General ruary 19. Walt was popularly known as the "Marina's CONTINUING THE REDEVELOP "My aim in life," Mr. Merna said, "has Marine." MENT OF HOBOKEN, N.J. been not to get ahead of other people, but Returning stateside and graduating with to get ahead of myself." honors from the Naval Justice School at He decided some time ago that he could Newport, Rhode Island, Mr. Merna was as do anything he wanted to do if he just stuck signed to duty as Legal Chief at Marine HON. DOMINICK V. DANIELS to it long enough. And Mr. Merna measures Corps Schools, Quantico, Virginia. OF NEW JERSEY success not so much by the position that a In December 1955, he was put in charge of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES person attains in life as by the obstacles the Marine Corps Recruiting Cffic'.) in Owens which one overcomes while trying to succeed. boro, Kentucky where he won many Out Thursday, February 22, 1973 Mr. Merna speaks from first-hand experi standing Recruiter Awards, was appointed ence regarding the overcoming of obstacles. Mr. DOMINICK V. DANIELS. Mr. a Kentucky Colonel by the then Governor Speaker, on February 7, 1973, the council He encountered a few early in his life. Born and former Commissioner of Baseball A. B. in New York City in 1930, one year after "Happy" Chandler, and served as the senior of the city of Hoboken passed a resolu the start of the Depression, his parents sep enlisted man in Charge of the Marine Honor tion dealing with the recent decision of arated when he was nine. Along with five GuSird. at the funeral of former Vice Pres the Secretary of Housing and Urban De brothers and one sister, he became a ward of dent of the United States, Alben W. Barkley, velopment to place a temporary hold Catholic Charities and was placed in St. at Paducah, Kentucky. on application for subsidized housing Dominic's Home in Blauvelt, New York. After During his off-duty hours in Owensboro, assistance that have not reached the graduating from the eighth grade, he was Mr. Merna started his first college courses feasibility approval stage by January 5, sent to St. Agnes Home in Sparkill and at at Brescia College where he completed 18 tended Tappan Zee High School in Pier semester credits before being transferred 1973. mont---where one of his classmates was later to Camp Lejeune, North Carolina.. While at Mr. Speaker, Hoboken, N.J., is one of to become his future bride. Lejeune from 1960 to 1962, he completed an the oldest cities in this Nation. Much of In 1947, on his 17th Birthday, Mr. Merna other 26 semester hours at Ea.st Carolina its housing has deteriorated. Despite this, enlisted in the Marine Corps, prior to grad College. great strides have been made and are uating from high school. While 1n service In the ensuing ten year period, Mr. Merna being made to bring its housing up to he completed the requirements for his high enrolled as a degree candidate at The George standard. I would hate to t.hink that HUD school diploma from Tappan Zee. He credits Washington University in Washington, D.C. is reneging on its commitment to the this accomplishment to the lt!ettme encour where he sandwiched in additional course agement he received from Mr. James Faulk, work as duty assignments permitted. He "Mile Square City" at this stage of the the former Coach at St. Agnes and a retired completed a tour as Legal Chie~ at Head ga.me. Marine Reserve Colonel, Mr. Anthony G. quarters Marine Corps in Washington during I submit this resolution for the study Barone, former principal of Tappan Zee High which time he participated as the NCO in of all Members of this House and I ask 5230 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973 that it appear following my remarks in between them. Estonia was forced to Estonia, forcing every citizen out of the the RECORD. sign a treaty with the Soviet Union per towns on the Baltic shore so that new The resolution follows: mitting establishment of military bases settlers from the Soviet Union could RESOLUTION and stationing of Russian troops on its move in. Tens of thousands of Estonians Whereas, the Secretary of Housing and soil when the Soviet Union threatened to were shipped off to other parts of the Urban Development has announced a "tem invade. Annexation soon followed and on Soviet Union. porary hold" on applications for subsidized August 6, 1940, the tiny Republic was The history of terror has not damp housing assistance that have not reached the absorbed by the Soviet Empire. ened the hopes of the Estonian people !easibllity approval stage by January 5, 1973; It is pertinent to point out that the that their country may enjoy the free and dom which we in this country so often Whereas, the Secretary of Housing and United States refuses to recognize the Urban Development has indicated that only Soviet occupation of Estonia, Latvia, and take for granted. Every year Estonians those projects that are necessary to meet Lithuania, and I am confident that this living in the free world celebrate the statutory and other program commitments will continue to be the policy of our anniversary of their declaration of inde will be approved in coming months; and country. Estonians throughout the free pendence. Those still living in Estonia Whereas, the City of Hoboken has received world will continue their activities to cannot celebrate. I hope that someday it a specific program commitment of 1,200 keep alive their traditions. Even though will be a real celebration of independence units when designated as a Project Rehab they are a small group, they are a very rather than just a celebration of the City and written assurances of additional declaration. amounts depending upon performance; and vital force in the various countries Whereas, the City of Hoboken has estab throughout which they have been scat lished a special administrative mechanism tered by the fortunes of war. to coordinate and monitor Project Rehab de Mr. Speaker, justice certainly will be velopment; has allocated funds to the estab served on the day of the emancipation VOICE OF DEMOCRACY CONTEST lishment of a relocation office and to the of the Estonian people from their present WINNER payment of relocation assistance funds bondage. In the meantime, let us pay according to the Uniform Relocation Act; and homage to the brave people of that tiny Whereas, the City of Hoboken has elicited HON. WILLIAM S. COHEN country on the anniversary of their OF MAINE the interest of various developers who have independence. opened offices in the City on the basis of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES assurances of a reservation of Section 236 subsidies; and Thursday, February 22, 1973 Whereas, approved Project Rehab de Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, at a time velopers have received feasibllity on 642 units THE 55TH ANNIVERSARY OF DECLA in our history when more Americans ~re ·with 410 units pendJng feasiblllty, now, RATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF experiencing more freedom than ever be therefore, be 1t- ESTONIA Resolved, that the City of Hoboken shall fore, yet taking less time to think about request that the Department of Housing and what our freedoms really mean, the Urban Development continue its commit HON. CLARENCE D. LONG Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United ment to the City of Hoboken without regard OF MARYLAND States and its ladies auxiliary has con to the "temporary hold" to permit the con IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ducted its annual Voice of Democracy tinuing redevelopment of the Hoboken com Contest. munity; and, be it further- Thursday, February 22, 1973 Resolved, that said request shall be com Ruth Ellen Comber of J~ckman, Me., municated to the Secretary of the Depart Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, has written a winning speech for the ment of Housing and Urban Development by February 24 marks the 55th anniversary VFW contest. Her speech, "My Responsi letter signed by the Mayor and City Council of the declaration of the Republic of Es bility to Freedom," is an excellent ex of the City of Hoboken; further- tonia. One year ago, in a speech com ample of thoughtful appreciation of our Resolved, that copies of this resolution and memorating the 54th anniversary I ex freedom. I would like to have her speech letter be sent to members of Congress repre pressed the hope that Estonia could cele inserted in the RECORD: senting the State of New Jersey. brate its 55th anniversary as an inde MY RESPONSIBILITY TO FREEDOM pendent nation. Unfortunately, Estonia (By Ruth Ellen Comber) rem_ins a captive nation. Freedom ls a great privilege and we must ESTONIAN INDEPENDENCE On February 24, 1918, 1 day after Ger work unitedly to be responsible for it. Ben man troops entered Estonia and drove jamin Franklin, John Adams, and Thomas out the Communists, Estonia declared its Jefferson were the key men 1n the signing HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI independence. Many Estonians fled their of the "Declaration of Independence," on July 4th, 1776. On that day, these men and OF ILLINOIS German-occupied country to publicize to many like them, were being responsible for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Allied countries the plight of their freedom by insuring its existence in our fellow citizens. France, Great Britain, Thursday, February 22, 1973 newly formed country. But this document and Italy accorded de facto recognition and the ideals it stands for were not con Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Spealrer, Sat to Estonia in the spring of 1918. In No ceived by one man. It was created by an as urday, February 24, will be the 55th an vember of 1918, the Germans withdrew, sembly of men working together as a unit. niversary since the Republic of Estonia but the Soviets then attacked. The Es When you think of how hard these men successfuly achieved its independence tonians rallied to the cause of freedom worked to bring freedom to our nation, you would think that we could work just as from the Soviet Union. This freedom and held off their attackers with the help hard to keep it here. One of the most im was a new experience for Estonia which of the Finns and the British. portant lines of the "Declaration of Inde had been under the rule of various The Estonians drafted a constitution, pendence" is the one which states that all powers for 700 years, the largest seg relying heavily on the principles in our men are created equal. This means that a ment of time being under Czarist Rus Constitution, to insure human rights and man should hold no prejudice against his sian bond ~ge. dignity for all. fellow men. There is no set class system in When Estonia declared its independ In the League of Nations, Estonia was America where a man, because of his herit age, is 1n any better position to rule or be often a spokesman for the smal~. demo ence on February 24, 1918, World War I ruled, than anyone else. was still going on and it was not until cratic nations. Many Estonians went to Because we all are equal, we should all November 11, when the armistice took Geneva to serve on the staff df the Lea share equally in the benefits obtained from effect, that the Germans began to with gue of Nations. freedom and the responsibilities that accom draw from its territory. Eleven days later At the outbreak of World War II, the pany it. One person alone could not begin to the Bolsheviks began to invade Estonia. Soviet Union built military bases in Es spread the knowledge and results of liberty However, the brave resistance of its peo tonia. In June of 1940, the Soviets occu throughout the entire country. One person pied the country. The people of Estonia could not even hope to reach every man, ple enabled Estonia to rid its land of woman, and child living in this country. It these latest invaders by the end of Jan were subjected to arrest and exile. About takes a joint effort by every one of us, each uary 1919. 10 percent of the population was either in his own way. Two decades later, freedom for Es killed or forced to flee the country. From We need pC'litlcians to serve the people as tonia came to an end after the Com 1941to1944 Estonia was occupied by the representatives to Congress and the Senate. munists and the Nazis divided Poland Nazis. In 1944, the Soviets reoccupied We need them to work for and with us in February 22,, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5231 making the laws and preserving freedom for murders-300,000 to 400,000-experts say It is my feeling that our Government all. will take place in the United States each now has a special obligation to help Im We need lawyers to fight for justice and year if abortions are permitted to become perial Beach recover its beach, since the truth in the Courtrooms of our land. We need these professionals to insure freedom of the readily available throughout the country. United States was party to the agreement individual and to interpret the laws. The Supreme Courtts recent ruling on which permitted construction of the dam We need policemen to enforce the laws that this question indicated that the so-called responsible for the damage. were made to protect us. right of privacy of a pregnant woman is Accordingly, I am preparing a bill But, most important of all, we need those license to kill her unborn child. Appar which would allow the Army Corps of people whom the laws were made for. We ently, the Justices feel that this unwrit Engineers to transport fill from a harbor need these concerned citizens to keep our ten, psuedo-right of privacy, they so con dredging project on the Imperial Beach country at its high level; never letting it shore. Since this sand is going be avail falter for a moment. veniently found in the never ratified 14th to My individual responsibility is to be proud amendment, supersedes the right to life able anyway, it should be put to the best of my heritage and of my country. I should and liberty. possible use. Present plans call for the not take any one of these duties for granted. Morality, not murder, is the answer to fill to be deposited about 5 miles north of When I become of age, I should be an in any population control bugaboo. Imperial Beach, on Navy property where formed voter and a concerned voter. The I include a related news clipping: it is not really needed and where result political offices should be my concern, and [From the Evening Star and Daily News, ing benefits would be minimal. they should be upheld to the highest degree. Feb. 21, 1972] To explain further by responsibility to The relatively modest additional cost freedom, I would like to refer to the song, ABORTIONS IN NEW YORK REPORTEDLY CUT of moving the sand to Imperial Beach "You've got a Friend." The first stanza of this BmTHs BY 19,000 can and should be assumed by the Fed song is: "When you're down and troubled NEW YoRK.-Abortions performed on New eral Government; only in this fashion and you need some love and care, and noth York City women during the first two years can the Government restore to the public ing ... nothing is going right; Close your of a liberalized abortion law reduced births the recreational area that it has per eyes and think of me and soon I will be there, by about 19,000, a statistical analyais has mitted, however unintentionally, to be to brighten up ever your darkest night." This indicated. applies to freedom and its need for my assist That would mean that legal abortions ac lost. My bill would authorize the addi ance. I try to project myself into the song counted for about half of a 25 percent decline tional funding necessary to carry out the and think of freedom calling to me for help in births in the city between 1970 and 1972. restoration project. in finding stability in our society. The remaining drop would be attributable to Professor Inman's statement follows: The beginning lines of the chorus are: improved contraceptive practices, changing THE SILVER STRAND LITTORAL CELL ANn "You just call out my name, and you know family preferences, a decline in employment EROSION AT IMPERIAL BEACH wherever I am, I'll come running to see you and other factors. (By Douglas L. Inman) again." Of course freedom is not capable of The analyais was written by Dr. Christopher calling out my name. But through some po Tietze of the Population Council, a blostatis The problem of beach erosion at Imperial litical, social or religious strife within this tician and international specialist on the Beach can best be understood in terms of democracy, I should be aware that freedom is effects of abortion and contraception. Tietze the budget of sediment as applied to a lit calling silently, for my help in solving the predicted in an interview yesterday that if toral cell that includes the source, transport problems that could hinder its safety. The abortions become readily available through paths, and sinks of the beach sand involved. last few words of the chorus are: "Winter, out the country under the Supreme Court's Imperial Beach is part of a littoral cell that Spring, Summer, or Fall, all you have to do is recent ruling, they could lead to a decline of had the Tijuana River as a natural sand call, and I'll be there. You've got a friend." 300,000 to 400,000 births a year in the nation. source, Silver Strand as a transport path, the These lines reveal that no matter what the Dr. Charles Westoff, a Princeton sociologist entrance to San Diego Bay with its strong season is, I should always be ready to aid and specialist on national fertility trends, ebb currents as a temporary deposition area. freedom in any way possible. Whether it is to said in an interview that Tietze's estimate Before construction of Zuniga Jetty (east examine closely a new amendment to make "would mean a 10 percent drop in births over jetty of San Diego Harbor) the sand deposit sure it benefits all the people and not just a and above the infiuence of all other factors. ed at the harbor entrance was washed ashore minor few. Or if it is to learn about America's There hasn't been such a large drop in births from time to time and thus temporarily be foreign policy to certify that it is fostering in the last 15 years." came available to Silver Strand Beach. Con brotherhood with other nations. I should be Such a decline, he said "would drive the struction of Zuniga Jetty in 1893 temporarily willing to work for freedom at all times. national fert111ty rate substantially below re trapped the sand building the extensive The last lyrics of the song are: "Now isn't placement level." Zuniga Shoal. The jetty also increased the it good to know that you've got a friend when velocity of the tidal ebb current flowing out people can be so cold? They'll hurt you, yes, of San Diego Bay, causing it to deposit the and desert you, and ta1'e your soul if you let sand carried through the porous jetty into them. Oh, but don't you let them." deeper water where it is no longer available This means, to me, that there is a struggle IMPERIAL BEACH DISTRESS CRIES to participate in the littoral drift. involved in protecting and preserving some FOR U.S. AID Beach erosion in the Silver Strand cell is. thing as necessary to the happiness of a.n in directly related to the loss of the historic dividual, as freedom. It isn't easy. But, then, sand source by darning of the Tijuana River,. nothing worthwhile ever ls. HON. LIONEL VAN DEERLIN and to the construction of the Zuniga Jetty_ OF CALIFORNIA The littoral transport in this cell ls predomi IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nantly northward along its entire length due· to its exposure to waves from the south and_ Thursday, February 22, 1973 FREEDOM TO MURDER COULD DE the sheltering effect of Point Loma on waves. STROY 300,000 TO 400,000 UNBORN Mr. VAN DEERLIN. Mr. Speaker, the from the north. The northward littoral trans city of Imperial Beach, in my district, port of sand along Silver Strand, in the ab-· AMERICANS A YEAR sence of a continuing sand supply has re- has suffered mightily through the ero suited in an erosion cycle that begins at Im sion of its most precious natural asset, perial Beach in the southern part of the cell~ HON. JOHN R. RARICK the approximately 2 miles of oceanfront and progresses northward. OF LOUISIANA that once constituted one of the finest The Silver Strand littoral cell has had no IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES natural beaches on the west coast. natural source of sand since the Rodriquez; Prof. Douglas L. Inman of the Scripps Dam was completed in 1937, and by 1941 was. Thursday, February 22, 1973 Institution of Oceanography has ex undergoing extensive erosion. Silver Strand-_ Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the full im plored the causes of this damage in a Beach has been maintained by artlficially placlng 28,300,000 cubic yards of sand on the pact of legalized murder under the paper which I will attach at the end of beach between 1940 and 1967. Comparisons euphemistic name of abortion, is difficult these remarks. of beach surveys of 1946 and 1954 indicate for the average American to compre Dr. Inman lays at least a part of the that the northerly littoral transport of sand hend. But if the en.tire population of Fort blame on the Rodriguez Dam, con along Silver Strand was about 1,400,000 cubic Worth, Tex.; Toledo, Ohio; or Newark, structed a few miles away across the yards per year. Comparison of offshore charts N.J., were brutally murdered, perhaps the border by the Mexican Government, with of 1923 and 1934 indicate an accretion of' ramification of liberalized abortion would the formal compliance of the United sand south of the jetty, 1n water depths of" 60 to 120 feet of about 2,100,000 cubic yards be better understood. States. Besides conserving a once ephem per year. Thus, the transport rate in this cell' The populations of these major metro eral water supply, the dam also has appears to be between 1.4 and 2.1 milllon. politan areas, in fact, the populations of choked off a :flow of sand which formerly cubic yards per year. 117 of the top 150 U.S. cities are less could be depended on to replenish the Proper placement of sand dredged from than the predicted number of abortion- coastline in and around Imperial Beach. San Diego Bay on the beaches could help 5232 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973 alleviate erosion by creating an artificial or corruption in the court system, that lt be children. On a more long-range basis. sand source. However, to have a significant rooted out and, if there is inefficiency, that beneficial effect on beach erosion this sand it be ended. they hope to interest the young men and supply must be introduced into the cell near Indeed, it is vital that the judiciary be re women of the White Mountain Tribe in its southern end. Placement of the sand at sponsive to, and by that token accountable following careers in dentistry. Imperial Beach will immediately supply the for, iresponsible public criticism. On the other In 1972 the project involved 84 dental presently depleted beach and allow the sand hand, it is equally important that the public, students, 18 professional and student lab to gradually move along the natural trans if it ls to make an intelligent and valid assess technicians, and over 30 professional and port path. If the sand ls placed on the beach ment of the operation of its court system, be student dental hygienists. They served near the northern end of the cell it will only given the facts upon which to base a reasoned widen the beach at Coronado and have no judgment. In short, the public must be ap over 400 patients last summer. Over 1,000 effect on beach erosion at Imperial Beach and prised of the real problems and needs con teeth were removed and another 1,000 Silver Strand State Park. Only good clean fronting the courts and not be subjected to restored; 150 sets of complete dentures sand o! proper size will serve the function rhetoric which only tends to dismay and were prepared. o! an artificial sand source. Mud placed on confuse. The efforts of these young profession the beach will stay in suspension and cause NEED FOR UNDERSTANDING als in the field of dentistry have made the nearshore zone to become saturated with The need for public understanding, for an impressive and most noteworthy con muddy water. Once the nearshore waters are public involvement and, hopefully, for pub tribution to the improved health of their saturated the mud will not disperse quickly lic support of the court system becomes more fellow man. I congratulate and com and will have an adverse effect on fishing compelling with the recent release, on Jan. 2, and other recreational uses of the beach. of the Report of the Temporary Commission mend the students and faculty of the The effect o! placing mud on Silver Strand on the New York State Court System. Its pro UCLA School of Dentistry for a job well Beach was carefully studied in 1967. posals-particularly those relating to court done. I sincerely hope that the White structure and administration, financing of river dental project will receive wide the court system and the selection and dis recognition and continued support from cipline of judges-demand careful study and public and private sources. JUDGE FULD ASSIGNS STATE BAR analysis by all ouo: citizens. And, if added to KEY ROLE IN AIDING COURTS these recommendations of the commission a.re further legislative and constitutional pro posals relating to such subjects as no-fault MORE ON NEW YORK CITY HON. HUGH L. CAREY automobile insurance and narcotics, the ne MEDICAID ABUSES cessity for an informed public opinion as a OF NEW YORK predicate for legislative action or constitu IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tional amendment becomes increasingly sel! HON. EDWARD I.KOCH Thursday, February 22, 1973 evident. OF NEW YORK STATE BAR ROLE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. CAREY of New York. Mr. Speaker, No group is better fitted, either by training the New York Law Journal, dated Janu or tradition, than is the State Bar Associa Thursday, February 22, 1973 ary 24, 1973, contained a statement by tion to muminate these subjects and to in Stanley H. Fuld, chief judge of the New form the citizenry concerning the judicial Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker. the follow York State court of appeals, delivered at branch of government, the individual's stake ing is the second in a series of excellent the annual meeting of the New York in it and proposals which may affect it. The articles from the New York Daily News long history of accomplishment of this as describing in very disturbing terms the State Bar Association. I feel that for sociation, in the public interest, is a truly abuses of New York City's medicaid all of us who are concerned about better happy warrant far soliciting its commitment system. Quality health care must be es judicial administration, this message to this endeavor and for seeking whatever tablished as one of our Nation's priori will provide insight attributable to a long help it can provide. ties, and I recommend these articles and distinguished judicial career. Again, I voice my thanks to the association to I would like to insert at this point the for the support and assistance it has given my colleagues as an indication of the statement referred to: over the years. Much has been accomplished severity of our present problems: but much more needs to be done. As I had OUR "PATIENT" GETS MORE TEsTS ON SECOND MESSAGE FOR ANNUAL MEETING-Fu'LD ASSIGNS occasion to say last year, "The joint efforts VISIT STATE BAR KEY RoLE IN AIDING COURTS-- o! Bar and Bench in the months and years (By W1lliam Sherman) (By Stanley H. Fuld) ahead will certainly go far towa.rd assuring A man complaining that a table had fallen As the New York State Bar Association that the true adminlstratlon of justice will on his foot was number one on line. An old convenes its 1973 annual meeting, I am de continue to be the firmest plllar of good gov ernment." woman, her calves bulging with phlebitis, lighted to join in conveying greetings and stood behind him, and next to her a boy who in voicing the hope that the session will said he is a junkie was holding a packed be a most successful and productive one. duffel bag and an old guitar. He mumbled I would also express my deep appreciation THE UCLA WHITERIVER DENTAL something about stomach pains. to the members and oftlcers of the associa PROJECT They were welfare clients with medicald tion for their ever continuing support of cards, waiting to see the receptionist at the the administrative board's efforts to Park Community Medical Building, 131-12 strengthen and improve New York's judicial Rockaway Blvd., Ozone Park, Queens. After system. HON. RICHARD T. HANNA they registered their complaints they joined As is the case with any human endeavor, OF CALIFORNIA about 25 others sitting silently in the crowd the judicial system-be it in our state, in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ed waiting room. Every five minutes or so, other states or in the federal structure--ls another patient was called into an examin not perfect. Nor can we expect it to be if Thursday, February 22, 1973 ing room. we add to human falllb111ty the compound Number four on line was a News reporter ing frustrating elements of increasing case Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, it is with pride as a member of the California disguised as a patient with a medicald card loads, lack of adequate resources, of person as part o! a broad investigation o! abuses of nel and the enormity of other problems and delegation that I bring to the attention the city's medical assistance program. City responsibilities which confront those who of the House the UCLA Whiteriver den welfare and health officials cooperated closely work on behalf of the court system. Signif tal project. For the past 2 years the stu in the probe. icant progress, however, is within our reach. dents and faculty of the UCLA School of The reporter returned to the center las1; It is my hope, therefore, that, in the Dentistry have given their time and Wednesday, as directed by internist Dr. course of this annual meeting anc! In the skill on a ,voluntary basis to help the Henry Wilkins, two days after his initial months to come, the association wm again treatment there for a feigned cold. marshal its collective wisdom and energies White Mountain Apache Tribe in White river, Ariz. The purpose of the project is The first day, he was sent to see a podi 1n our common effort to improve the ad atrist, an internist, and a psychiatrist for his ministration of justice in this state. to provide dental services that are not complaint. The three doctors had prescribed A particular area of concern involves the normally available to the Indians six d11Ierent medicines. public's lack of understanding of the prob through the Public Health Service. It is not yet known how much the Park lems and the needs of our judicial system. The students and their teachers spend Community center will decide to charge for There can be no doubt that the judiciary from 3 to 10 weeks each summer on the the first day's services, but the total poten and, of course, society as a whole-profits reservation. They are both treating the tial bill, based on the city's medicald fee greatly from legitimate and responsible crit schedule, was $63.80. icism of the courts. Needless to say, my col problems they find at hand and also The patient had refused tests ordered by leagues and I on the adminlstrative board practicing preventive dentistry by teach the internist, except for a urine speclman. have ever been intent, if there is wrongdoing ing oral health to the school-age Indian The tests included a cardiogram, chest February 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5233 X-rays, and three blood tests. The internist $2,000 A YEAR AVERAGE at $20 each, while in the case of The News had told the "patient" to return to have his Right now, it is costing the city an aver reporter, at least, the visit lasted about 15 "cold" checked out. age of about $2,000 a year for each of the minutes. This time, he told the receptionist he was city's welfare clients. The patient was seen by a podiatrist with "all better," and asked to see Dr. Wilkins. Two days after the patient's last visit to out having complained of any foot trouble. As he sat waiting, watching the continuous the Park Community Medical Building, the A SIXTH OF THE PIE procession of people through the center, a _ Health Department's senior medical auditor, Medica.idl paymenlt to group practitioners woman holding an infant walked up to him Dr. Howard P. Katz, visited the center to like the Park Community center and other and complained, "Why are they telling me audit practices there and evaluate treat noninstitutional providers cost nearly $162 to take this child upstairs to see the dentist? ment given the News reporter. :tnillion in the city in 1971. This ls about He doesn't even have any teeth." The facllities, it was learned, are owned one-sixth of the city medicaid pie. Then the receptionist called out the "pa by the podiatrist, Dr. S. David Geller, and The rest, nearly $959 mlllion in 1971, went tient's" name and said, "If you're ready, another doctor. Geller, who treated the News for medical care at hospitals, nursing homes we'll give you those tests now. Then you can reporter despite his protests that he came to and other institutions. see the doctor." the center only with a cold, earned $10,879 The patient was escorted to the laboratory from his medicaid practice in podiatry in technician's room where he was told to give 1971. a second urine specimen. Then his sleeve was However, Dr. Katz's audit, and an exami ALEXANDER PETOFI MEMORIAL rolled up and blood was taken. The recep nation of city records and documents sub YEAR tionist returned and whisked him into the mitted to the Health Department by Geller, X-ray room where another technician had reveals that his podiatry income ls far from him remove his shirt and stand in front of a the total he receives from the medicaid pro HON. LAWRENCE J. HOGAN plate for front and side-views of ,his chest. gram. OF MARYLAND With the last buzz of the X-ray machine He receives rent from Rakal Pharmacy on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES timer, he was directed to the waiting room the seco::id floor of the center, and from again, because, he was told, "There are elec several dentists who also have offices on Thursday, February 22, 1973 trocardiograms ahead of you." that floor. Mr. Mr. Ten minutes later, the receptionist again In addition, he also receives a flat rent, he HOGAN. Speaker, on Janu called out his name, and the patient was told Katz, and/or 30 to 50 of the medicaid ary 13, 1973, the American Hungarian escorted into a third room and told "remove b11ling of 13 other medical professionals who Federation and several national and lo your shirt, roll down your socks and lie down practice at the center, including a radiolo cal organizations of American Hungar in the couch." gist, a dermatologist, a pediatrician and a ians in the Washington area opened a Another girl placed some dabs of ointment psychiatrist. 2-day program comm~morat-ing the on his chest and attached the wires, with LAB PAYS RENT Alexander Petofi Memorial Year in honor suction-cup tips, to various portions of his He told Katz his income from the center of the famous poet who was born 150 body. includes $500 a month rent from Biometrics MACHINE BREAKS DOWN years ago on January 1. Laboratory for a four-by-five foot room. This Two excellent speeches were given at At one point, the machine broke down•. outfit does all of the center patients' lab the girl said, but it was repaired and the tests. Medicaid billing emanating from the the event by Prof. Andras H. Pogany, of testing continued. Then the patient was center for 1972 will, it ls conservatively esti Seaton Hall University, who also serves ushered out again to the waiting room and mated, be more than $200,000. as the president of the Hungarian Free told, "Dr. Wilkins wm b~ with you shortly." This operation ls by no means one of the domfighters Association of America, and One hour later, Wilkins called the patient largest group practices b11ling the city. The Prof. Eniko Molnar Basa, of American into his office. Health Department has counted 173 such University, who recently received her "How are you?" asked the doctor. centers most in slum areas, and some of Ph. D. in comparative literature from "My cold ls all better." which have grossed several million dollars the University of North Carolina. Wilkins read the cardiogram, said it was each since the program began in 1966. "fine," and told the patient his initial urine However, Katz was concerned not solely Petofi remains both an inspiration to specimen had come back from the lab and with Park Community's income, but also all freedom-loving men of the world and that it was okay too. Still, the patient had with the quality of care being dispensed. also a poet of simple but eloquent beauty given a second urine specimen. ''PING-PONGING'' and it is indeed a pleasant duty to re AND ANOTHER VISrr And during the audit of the center, Geller member him at this anniversary. This consultation was over in five min told Katz that receptionists routinely direct Following are the texts of the two utes. When the patient told Dr. Wilkins that patients to physicians other than those speeches: he had been directed by the psychiatrist to handling specific complaints. The practice THOUGHTS ON THE OPENING OF THE PETOFI return on Monday, Wilkins told him, "I want was called "Ping-Ponging" by Katz; but MEMORIAL YEAR you to come back and see me too." That Geller told Katz he thought it was "good (By Dr. Andras Pogany) would have meant a third visit. preventive medicine." The blll for the second day of treatment, Then Katz examined Dr. Wilkins' records Ladies and Gentlemen: I have the honor to according to the city's medicaid fee sched and found that four patients in a sample speak the opening words for the Petofi Mem ule, could go as high as $48.40, including $4 were given B-12 injections "for no apparent orial Year. for a cumulative blood count, $2 for the sec reason." Dr. Katz said anot::ier was given As I am not a literary critic, I cannot speak ond urine analysis, $4 for a blood sugar test, peniclllin with no indication, and that in on Sandor Petofi 's literary significance. $2.40 for a syphilis test, about $12 for the Neither am I an aesthete and Petofi's aesthe that case, the city was billed $15 "for an tic value can be much better treated by internist, $12 for the electrocardiogram, and apparent short visit." $12 for the two X-rays. others. Nor is it worthwhile for me to examine The potential charge for the two days of TREATMENT CHECKED Petofi's historical significance, or to detail treatment of the reporter's "cold" was A lab report on a flftl.. patient revealed an the circumstances of his tragic death. The $112.20. infection, but Dr. Wilkins' charts showed historical and cultural effect of "this little, At this point, no one knows how much no indication that it had been treated. An wizened, dark man"-as the Austrian Lt. the center will charge for these services. other pa:tient's cardiogram showed "pathol Colonel who found his body on the battle Whatever bllls the center forwards for this ogy," but although a cardiologist is on field at Segesvar described him in the recent case to the Health ~partment will be scru premises, there was no indics.tion that the ly discovered report in the Inllitary archives tinized to determine which charges are al patient received consultation. at Vienna, is even in our life so obvious that lowable. Any cost determined to be legitimate With regard to The News reporter's records, it hardly needs lengthy explanation. wlll be reimbursed to the health department Katz said: Let us rather speak on several almost mar by The News. The electrocardiogram was given with velous qualities in connection with him Health Department officials cite "overutili out indication, contrary to city medicaid which can give us all food for thought. zation" of the program as a major factor regulations that patients under 40 should Petofi's short span of twenty-six years is behind the city's skyrocketing medicaid costs. not be given e.k.g.'s without a specific rea remarkable for being a wonderfully accurate The growth of these medical costs has been son. and effective record of the inner life and nothing short of phenomenal. The penicillin was prescribed without any emotional storehouse of the Hungarian race. A few statistics: In 1966, the cost of publlc medical indication, as were the blood tests A person, who at one time was called Petro assistance for city welfare recipients was and the X-rays. vics, and who was brought into the world about $382 million for food, housing, shelter The patient "was seen by a psychiatrist by Maria HrU.z, can be called the prototype of and all other expenses except medical care; without notation on the chart as to neces the Hungarian soul. Pet<:>fl's mere existence medical care totaled $156 million. While pub sity, and the records are not available." refutes the empty theories that seek to prove lic assistance has more than tripled to $1.3 No indication as "to what medicine was nationality in terms of blood, of :flesh, or billion in 1972, the cost of medicaid last year prescribeC: although there ts knowledge of genes. To be Hungarian 1s first of all a com was eight times what it was in 1966-and in six prescriptions given to the patient. mitment of soul and fate, not the result 1978 it is expected to exceed the cost of pub Psychiatrist Dr. Samuel Kramer's previous of artificial biological "laws". Sandor Petofi lic assistance. invoices all ind~.cated one-hour visits billed is the best proof of this. 5234 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973 The way in which Petofi's enthusiasm, wm is ever ready to alter our great historical pact abroad was not purely literary, but the power, and determination directed the events figures appropriately. Thus, King Matthias impetus, we must remember, came from his which for us are history, ls no less marvelous. became a "social revolutionary"; Gyorgy poetry. His decisive role on March 15th ls undeniable. D6zsa a red-bannered national hero; and Sandor Petofi (1823-1848) was the culmi He was the leading spirit of the "March Lajos Kossuth, a communist sympathizer. nation of the Hungarian Romantic Move youth"-those young men who frightened But first and foremost, Petofi was painted ment, although he transcended its bounds. both Vienna and the Diet at Pozsony red, for he had once sung of red banners Abroad, he was best known as the embodi (Bratislava) and forced the ratification of under which he hoped to die for human ment of Romanticism in his life as well as in the "April Laws" which ended feudal rule freedom. Therefore, he was named the his poetry. His descriptive poems were hailed 1n Hungary. ideological ancestor of the system, the spirit as pictures of Hungary and Hungarian life; Petofi, through his pen and his personal ual kin of Matyas Rakosi. The Hungarian his political poems were regarded as the credo ity, left a mark on the subsequent difficult Communist Party was not loath to dig up at of the Revolution; his love poetry found its months also. His letters, first from Debrecen, its own expense a good portion of the battle way into the works of several German com later from Transylvania and the poems writ field at Segesvar to seek the bones of the posers. Yet, although a Romantic in his ideas ten at this time, show clearly that this little poet. I saw with my own eyes the fantastic and in much of his poetry, Petofi remained a man knew neither fear nor submissiveness. efforts made to find the mass grave of the realistic observer of life. He neither idealized Ready to offer his life for what he believed poet because :favorable propaganda was ur nor rejected it; the melancholy and world his sincerity and generosity free of any self gently needed and the government could weariness of the Romantics was as foreign seeking, captivated his contemporaries as offer no better one to the Hungarian people to him as was the picture of the peasant as well as all those who have become fam111ar in their dark days than Sandor Petofi. the noble savage. His political ideas, his love with his writings, his poetry. All this did not prevent the coming of of freedoms and support of the common peo Most wonderful, however, is the effect he October 23, 1956, and with it the rebirth ple, however, drew him to the Romantic had on the following generation of Hun of Hungarian independence. The Revolution group. garians, beginning even with his death. of 1956 espoused PetOfi's ideals from the To trace the response to Petofi in the His character, his ideas, his personality did first. It was at the base of his statute in English-speaking world, or rather in England not disappear in the mass grave at Segesvar, Budapest, with the recitation of his "Na and America, we must first consider the in but became part of the heritage of Hungar tional Ode", amid the memories of March 15 termediaries--German translators, poets and ian cultural life and has enriched it for that the purest, noblest and most Hungarian critics. Adolf Dux published three of Petofi's over 120 years. Today, when the worth and movement of the 20th century began and poems in translation in Vienna as early as role of the individual is stifled; today, when ended, and in the days of the Revolution the 1845. This was followed by a volume of poetry we move under the sign of the "masses;" true Petofi took his deserved place in Hun from Hungarian literature which included today, when even the personal connection garian hearts. fifty-five poems from Petofi-more than half between the Almighty God and the immortal November fourth came and with it new the book being devoted to him. Dux intro individual soul He created, is threatened repression and new terror. The new regime duced Petofi to the Austrian public, but it in the name of a vague "religious feelings," followed the path shown by Rakosi: they was Karl Maria Kertbeny who devoted his we can contemplate Petofi's example and attempted to use the name of PetOfi to life to making Petofi-whom he had met in remember that all of these are nothing more camouflage the contradictions and the politi the Pilvax Coffee House-well known in Eu- than modern heresies. For history, after all, cal and economic problems of their rule. . rope. Through personal connections and nu 1s not written by the masses, but, after Prov Thus, in Budapest, too, a Memorial Year has merous editions of Petofl's poems in transla idence, by individuals. been planned. A memorial hymn is intoned, tion, he drew the attention of men such as Sandor Petofi's lasting and ever-increasing the same piercing, off-key tone is sounded Heine, and the British diplomat, Sir John impact on the emotional and intellectual which has been blared since 1945 when, hid Bowrin, whose interest in Eastern Europe had life of subsequent generations has always ing behind a foreign army, the Party gained drawn him into translation, and who was to been recognized by the governments of Hun power in Hungary. Of course, they can do it: become Petofi's first English admirer, and gary. The Bach-regime fought PeWfl's spirit, the dead cannot protest or defend them Talllandier, the French translator of PetOfi. which appeared here and there to console selves. Lajos Kossuth, the apostle of Hun Kertbeny's first efforts, Gedichte von Alex the Hungarians in their tragic fate, with de garian liberty cannot protest, neither can ander Petoft (Poems from Alexander Petoft) termination. Particularly idolized among the Lorant Eotvos or Endre Bajcsy-Zsllinszky. was published in Frankfurt in 1849; this was simple people, Petofi, within months of his Even Sandor Petofi must remain silent. followed in 1850 by Der Held Janos (Childe death had become the subject of folk tales It is for this, and this alone, that there is John). In the next decade he issued at least and anecdotes. The Bach-regime proved significance in our festivities: it is sgnificant ten more works until his career was closed powerless in the face of this Petofi cult. that we, Hungarians living in a free land, in 1866 with a collection of 160 lyrics fr.:>m Later, in the early 1860's, the government, commemorate the true PetOfi. We com Petofi, in which he revised (for the better) not wishing to give fuel to the resistance memorate Sandor PetOfi, the patriot and the many of his earlier translations, and a vol by open hostmty, reluctantly tolerated high-minded, idealistic Hungarian national ume of sixteen narrative poems. There were, Petofi. ist; Sandor Petofi, the indomitable champion however, others who decided to make Petofi After the "Compromise," a long and vigor of human freedom; Sandor Petofi, the available in German, so that some of his ous period of revival followed, at least in scourge of the resigned, the yielding, the poems appeared in as many as forty versions rthe non-official circles of Hungary. The abjurer; Sandor Petofi who did not believe in in Germany alone. The lyrics, moreover, were "dialogues," or that anyone has the sanction ~arch 16 ceremonies gradually became Pe adapted to music chiefly on the basis of the ton-festi vals. Hundreds of statues were to relinquish the :fundamental rights of the collection given by C. F. Daumer in his erected, frequently in villages and small nation; Sandor Petofi, the prosecutor of the compromisers, of the ones who draw secretly Deutscher Musenalmanach of 1852 and towns. The common people simply refused Polydora of 1855. In 1888 a German biography rto believe that the merely 26-year old Petofl to the other side, of the spineless ones and of the poet appeared at Leipzig, further proof rcould be moldering in a mass grave. Common the political outlaws; Sandor Petofi, the poet of the popularity of the poet. rtalk even sent him to Siberia, just to escape of Hungary's historical destiny, who knew that the Hungarians stood alone in the Sir John Bowring, with whom translation the torturing idea of his death. The rep was a hobby rather than a profession, was resentatives of official Hungary recognized storm. He stands and faces it and does not seek to hide from the raging storm. not only the first to render Petofi. in Eng the poet's literary greatness and numerous lish, but so far as I know, the first to trans editions of his works were published in We have to celebrate the true Petofi-this late anything of Hungarian poetry into that Hungarian, but also in other languages; al alone justifies our commemorat}ons. We leave the distortion to Budapest. In 1973 we language. Since he did not know Hungar though paying some regard to the political will tell the world, and remind ourselves ian-a serious defect in many of the trans situation, they minimized Petofl~ s memory lators, though this does indicate the force also--and this latter is no less important somewhat. than the former-who Petofi was and what of the original and the interest that the Very telling for Petofi's importance and he means to us. figure of the poet alone aroused-he based impact are efforts of a diametrically opposed In this spirit, in the sign of unshakable his works on Kertbeny's German versions, system: B~la Nful's first Communist attempt loyalty, unmovable steadfastness and the and in fact, the two had met and corre sought to transform Petofi, even during its unquenchable Hungarian love of freedom, sponded for years. In 1847, when Petofi.'s fame brief rule, into its own image. After the fall that is in the spirit of Petofl, we open the in Hungary was just reaching its peak, two of the Kun-regime, between the two wars, Petofl Memorial Year and hopefully the long of his poems appeared in How i t t's Journal, Petofi was suddenly raised to a high position belles lettres. series of commemorative programs in Amer a London magazine devoted to in the cultural life of a truncated nation as ica. These were followed by Translations from the ardent apostle of the refusal to compro Alexander Petofi the Maovar Poet. In the mise preface Bowring Ii.kens h is subject to Robert and of the Hungarian spirit. Yet, those THE 126 YEARS OF PETOFI TRANSLATIONS of his views which failed to flt into the in Burns, a comparison that is true to a great tellectual life or phraseology of this neo (By Eniko Molnar Basa) extent, though Pet ofi's poetic range is far baroque society, were successfully and last The political background from which greater. He then cites evaluations of Petofi ingly forgotten. Petofl emerged and the events in which he among the Germans: Bettina von Arnim All earlier distortions, however, are sur played such an important part have been called him "the most original of lyric poets passed by the shameless way in which he has covered in the previous speeches. But Petofi, in the whole world's literature." Alexander been exploited by the communist regimes was, after all, primarily a poet, and so he von Humboldt wrote, "after many wander of Soviet-occupied Hungary. Red propaganda must be evaluated as a poet. True, his im- ings he had discovered in his own neighbor- February 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5235 hood a flower so rich in beauty, so enduring, of the difficulties of translation, and we must the Soviet bloc that are engaged in this task: so certain to be valued." Varnhagen von Ense give Bowring credit for attempting a task in 1960 an Arabian translation of Petofi ap commented, "He is the noblest exemplifica that is hard even today with the example peared. In Italy and France, Finland and the tion of Goethe's fine thought, 'Youth is of earlier translations, the aid of literary Scandinavian countries, he has been known drunkenness without wine'," and Hermann studies and good dictionaries all available. since the 1860's and both translations and Grimm, professor of literature at Berlin, de He, however, had only the earliest of Kert critical evaluations continue to be published. clared that "Petofi will rank among very beny's work and a very limited knowledge of To list all the languages in which Petofi greatest poets of all times and tongues." Hungarian. His style, too, is old-fashioned has appeared would be lengthy and, I am Clearly, then, Petofi entered English liter for us, but was popular in his own day. afraid, dull. But before concluding, I wish to ature via the introduction and recommenda The lack of archaic and poetic language mention one instance where the poet's words tion of the Germans. in the poems that appeared in the National received an unexpected yet ironically fitting In the United States 1851 marks the first Era, the strong and simple rhythms and the interpretation. Petofi's poem on The Puszta translations: the Washington newspaper, Na usual nature imagery reflect Petofi, whose in Winter concludes with a description of the tional Era, published five poems by Grace originality lay in his ability to render poetic sun in terms of an exiled king taking a last Greenwod, who worked from prose versions the commonest events of every-day exist glance at his possessions, the last two lines given her by one of Kossuth's aides, Colonel ence, accurately. He could appreciate the of which are: "And when his eyes reach the Berzenczey. More significant, however, is the advantages of railroads and was alive to the far horizon, His bloody crown tumbles from publication in New York of William N. Loew's beauties of nature. But he did not idealize his head." These lines had been inscribed Gems from Petoft and Other Hungarian the landscape or the life of the simple people into Napoleon Ill's diary by the Countess Poets, in 1881, which was followed by other which he captured in his poetry. There is Metternich, who was Hungarian by birth, at volumes devoted to Peto:fi and to Hungarian nothing impressionistic or abstract in his Napoleon's request. But later, when defeated poetry. These translations are superior to view of nature, and it is this picture that at Sedan, he felt these lines applied to him anything done earlier, as can be expected the translators presented to the English all too well, and even two years later, on his from someone who went to the original and public. In the epic Janos Vitez, too, it was deathbed, the last words he said recalled did not work through intermediaries. these qualities that appealed to his foreign these lines: "Jour dernier-la couronne The poet's life and work are closely inter audience: the mixture of fantasy and real tombe." twined and this connection must be kept in ism, magic and earthiness. They could take Peto:fi, the poet of freedom, would have mind as we study his impact abroad. By it (stripped of the fabulous elements) as a been gratified to know how prophetic his birth and upbringing he was close to the presentation of Hungarian life by a poet words were to be--even if written in com common people, though he was well edu who loved the unique features of his coun plete innocence of such intents. But that, cated (contrary to the popular legend spread try and felt their poetic charm, yet did not after all, is the mark of a true poet: his by Karl Maria. Kertbeny). His sentiments wish to flee to the past in contemplating words ring true at all times, in all lands, and were thoroughly Hungarian and even his them. in diverse situations. ' earliest works owe their popularity abroad to Eugenie Bayard Pierce and Emil Delmar the poet's ab111ty to capture the life and published Sixty Poems by Alexander Petoft imagination of the Hungarian peasant in his in 1948, on the lOOth anniversary of the genre pictures and folk songs. His Janos Revolution. This modern translation of his A REPORT FROM THE WORLD Vitez, among the most popular of his longer poetry, the first English volume to appear poems abroad, does this. The German trans since the efforts of Loew around the turn PEACE COUNCIL lation of Kertbeny and the English one of of the century, is designed to be almost a Francis and Theresa Pulszky, published in line-for-line reproduction of the original. 1850 and 1851 respectively, were only the first This is a fortuitous choice; my own experi HON. RONALD V. DELLUMS ones in a long line of translations. ence has been that the best translations are OF CALIFORNIA A personal experience is also at the root those that preserve most of the original, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of what is perhaps his most widely trans I have found it easier to do th~s when keep lated poem, "Reszket a bokor" (The Bush !Iig to the metrical units of the poet. Thursday, February 22, 1973 Trembles): it was this poem which, accord The most recent of Petofi's work available Mr. DELLUMS. Mr. Speaker, several ing to tradition, finally won the consent of in English is The Apostle, a Narrative Poem. Julia Szendrey to be his wife, and it has It is a reflection of the change in literary members of the World Peace Council re been translated into over forty languages. tastes that instead of a folk epic or a volume cently returned from the Democratic Re On the 15th of March 1848 Petofi's life and of genre pictures-the themes that fascinated public of Vietnam. One of the delegates poetry became forever connected with the the 19th century-an allegory of the poet's was a prominent San Francisco Bay Revolution. His "Nemzeti Dal" (National personal and political life represents Petofl area citizen, Mr. Carlton B. Goodlett, Ode) was the ra.Uying cry for the whole na in the latter half of the 20th century. "The tion. He actively participated in the Revolu the editor-publisher of an important bay complete hopelessness, human ignorance and weekly, the Sun-Reporter. tion, not swept up by the general enthusiasm, evil, forever in command in this work," makes but because his political convictions had this poem quite modern, as L. John Parker The delegates' findings are shocking. always been with a popular, democratic gov pointed out in his review of the poem in Their report poignantly describes the de ernment and a free Hungary. He died in the Books Abroad. The Apostle is a political poem, struction and havoe wreaked upan the battle of Segesvar on July 31, 1849, and so it grew out of Petofi's political philosophy, peoples of Vietnam by the insane U.S. the association with the Revolutionary move though it transcended the actual events. ment was fixed. He quickly became a legend, policy of mass bombing. Mr. Speaker, I not only in Hungary, but abroad also. The Still, Petofi's influence abroad is hard to include their observations in the RECORD: separate from the impact of the Revolution, BRIEF STATEMENT ON VISIT TO VIETNAM first translations were motivated as much by as the foreword of the English translation the picture of the romantic freedom-fighter shows: each of the persons named first be (By Carlton B. Goodlett, Ph. D., M.D.) as by an appreciation of his literary ta.lent- I. INVITATION sometimes more so, although beginning with came acquainted with Petofi as "the poet of Loewe in America interest has been directed the Revolution.": Goethe's friend, Bettina On January 3, 1973, the Vietnam Com more and more to Petofi's position in litera von Arnim, called him 'Sun God,' Francois mittee for the Defense of World Peace (D.R. ture, though naturally, the historical back Coppee •an eternal champion of liberty;' ... Vietnam) invited a delegation of the World ground can not be ignored. Carlyle held him to be of equal stature with Peace Council to visit the Democratic Re In order to illustrate the deepening knowl Goethe, and Heine ... wrote that no one in public of Vietnam for the purpose of in edge of Petofi among his English-speaking Germany could be put on a par with him." vestiga.ting the effects of the mass bombing public, I will comment on the work of sev At the present time Petofi is enjoying a of the Hanoi-Haiphong area by the U.S. Stra eral translators. An example of what hap popularity that promises to surpass the first tegic Air Comma.nd from Dec. 18-29, 1972. pens when the translator is unfamlllar with burst of interest of the 1850's and 1860's. The delegation of the World Peace Council the language and background of his original Particularly noteworthy is the truly world consisted of the following individuals: can be seen in Bowring's version of a brief wide reputation he has attained. The coun 1. Ramesh Chandra, Secretary General, lyric, first published in Howitt's Journal. tries of the Eastern bloc engage in lively cul World Pea.ce Council (India); The original poem, written in the style of tural interchange and Petofl. has appeared in 2. Andre Souquiere, Secretary General, the folk song, establishes a parallel between Russian; for example, a Collected Poems was Mouvement de la Pa.be, Paris, France; a flower native to the Hungarian plain and published in 1954. So also, in Slovak, Polish, 3. Alex La Guma, National Oongress of the speaker's sweetheart. Bowring, translating Bulgarian, Ukranian-to name only a few South Africa, author and writer living pres the name of the flower quite literally, loses poems of Petofi have appeared. In many of ently in London, England; this parallelism. The !allure to recognize the these countries Petofi is being noted for the 4. Roman T. Akhramovich, Doctor of His down-to-earth quality of Petofi's poetry leads second time, but it 1s safe to assume that the torical Sciences, Deputy Director, Institute the translator into serious distortions. Janos several Chinese translations which began of Oriental Studies, USSR Academy of Sci Vitez is a folk epic in which the life of the to appear in 1955 and the Vietnamese ecll ences, Chairman of the Russian contingency; village !s given in realistic detail, but Bow tion, also prepared in 1955, introduce the Eric T. Neurassov, Secretary, Soviet Peace ring's translation makes even the peasant poet for the first time to that part of the Committee; Igor Bgantsev, TV cameraman ma.11 Iluska a romantic lady. world. But it is not only those countries and :fllm maker, USSR; Petofi's popularity grew, however, in spite which have political or economic ties wtth 5. Prof. Ricardo Nolina Marti, Medical Doc- 5236 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973 tor, Secretary General, Council of Peace of than 800 students, was completely destroyed The people of North Vietnam suffered great Venezuela; by B-52 bombing at 0345 hours Dec. 22. physical and property damage. 6. Carlton B. Goodlett, Ph.D., M.D., Mem Strings of bombs pock-marked the grounds If the primary purpose of the bombing ber Presidium, World Peace Council; Chair beginning approximately 100 yards from the was for psychological effects of terror and a man, Committee for International Peace Ac main entrance, with complete demolishing of destruction of the resolve and will of the tion, San Francisco, California; Chairman, the dei:matology, and internal disease sec Vietnamese people to continue the war, this California Black Leadership Conference; and tion, the laboratory, many wards including military exercise by the US armed forces Vice President, National Newspaper Publish the oto-rhino-laryngotology institute, the was a total failure. ers Association. Children's Health Protection institute, the The people of Hanoi and Haiphong demon II. DISCUSSIONS WERE HELD WITH THE FOLLOW administrative section, the laundry, destroy strated the same courage and resolve which ING IMPORTANT INDIVIDUALS ing the obstetrical department; many bomb we have applauded when shown by the craters were in the hosptial grounds. 29 British during the Blitz. While 80,000 tons Hanoi: 1. Mr. Huong Tung, Editor in Chief people were kllled, which included several of bombs were dropped upon England dur of Nhan Dan, the principal newspaper of the doctors, a pharmacist, 15 hospital attendants ing the entire period of World War II, 40,000 DRV, Vice President, Vietnam Peace Com and medical staffers, as well as 6 students; 22 tons of bombs were estimated as having been mittee; medical personnel were wounded. dropped upon the Hanoi-Haiphong area be 2. Mr. Pham Hong, Secretary General of The work of the Bach-Mai Hospital is tween Dec. 18-29, 1972. the Vietnam Peace Committee; now being carried on at other medical cen The work of the rescue and medical tea.Ins 3. Mr. Pham Van Bach, lawyer; Chairman ters. We visited the St. Paul Hospital, a was heroic. When patients w~re dispersed of the Committee for the Investigation of hospital under the sponsorship of France to medical casualty centers, physicians ac U.S. War Crimes in Vietnam; and materially assisted recently by the companying the rescue teams decided which 4. Dr. Do Doan Dai, Director of Bach-Mai French government; here we observed and individuals would benefit from dispatch to Hospital, Hanoi; discussed the medical problems of the few the medical centers. The Director of Health 5. Premier Pham Van Dong, Democratic remaining casualties, essentially persons re Services of Hanoi reports that they had only Republic of Vietnam; covering from traumatic wounds requiring 2 % of deaths in those received at the medi 6. Mr. Nguyen Van Tien, Head of the Spe surgery. cal centers; 44 % of the persons received re cial Representation of the PRG of South Gia Lam International Airport: quired surgery; in the case of fractures every Vietnam in Hanoi, Vice Head of PRG Dele effort was made to utilize the closed treat gation at the Paris Peace Conference of Viet The Gia Lam International civllian air port in Hanoi had the waiting room for ment techniques. After six to eight hours nam; the hospital reception centers were ready 7. Mr. Mguyen Phu Suai, Acting Head, p~engers totally destroyed and the major runways were bombed, making their use im for the reception of new casualties. Special Representation of the PRG of South A great many patients suffered from trau Vietnam in Hanoi; possible until the bombing was stopped on Dec. 29. Since that time, repairs have been matic shock. Blood and plasma received from 8. Tran Duy Hung, Mayor of Hanoi; donors throughout the world were beneficial. 9. Mr. Nguyen Trung Hieu, Head of the made. 2. Haiphong: However, sugar cane has been processed into International Section of the Vietnam Peace a plasma substitute for use in traumatic Committee, DRV; Because of bombing of the highway, all bridges have been destroyed and pontoon therapy. 10. Dr. Trihn Van Khiem, Director of the The surgical services and medical treat Health Service of Hanoi; and a number of bridges have been erected; even secondary roads have been made impassable. The jour ment were of the highest caliber. When the other medical personalities. war is .over, the young surgeons of North Haiphong: 1. Mayor Le Due Thinh, Mayor ney to Haiphong was arduous. A major concrete plant of North Vietnam Vietnam will have important new technical of Haiphong; knowledge dealing with traumatic and blast 2. Dr. Dang Hoi Xuan, Assistant Director near Haiphong was in ruins. Many districts in Haiphong had received demolition blast surgical and medical therapy to add to the of the Czechoslovakian-Vietnamese Friend world reservoir of scientific technology. ship Hospital. bombs and rockets from U.S. ships. In many areas the trees and vegetation had been de Some of the casualties in Hanoi and Hai m. DESCRIPTION OF THE BOM!IING stroyed. The docks of Haiphong were bombed phong were interviewed. 1. Hanoi: From 2000 hours, Dec. 18 to 29, and the Soviet cargo ship, Mitsurin, was The B-52 Wreckages: the U.S. Strategic Bombing Command fielded damaged. Visits were made to three sites in HanOi as many as 140 B-52 Stratoforts and 30 On the raid of the 18th involving the har where wreckage from B-52 bombers had been sweep-wing F-lll's, and 500 to 700 fighter bor and other populated areas, 45 people assembled. The wreckage consisted of man bombers over many cities of North Vietnam were kllled and 130 others wounded. On gled jet motors, airplane frames, wing sec and released over 100,000 tons of bombs. Dec. 19 and 20 bombing raids were again tions, portions of the fuselage et al. However, Hanoi, the capital, and Haiphong, made, and the Polish merchant ship "Joseph Visits to the Missile Launching Sites and the major port city, bore the brunt of the Conrad" was set afire by bombs, and the Anti-Aircraft Batteries: attack; it is estimated that during this pe second captain was killed. In Haiphong we visited one of the impor riod of time 40,000 tons of bombs were Numerous districts received carpet bomb tant anti-aircraft batteries that has been dumped upon these two cities. ing. One particular workers' district con awarded citations for its performance in de The U.S. air strikes caused thousands of sisting of thatched huts and workers' apart fending the city and in shooting down US casualties and destroyed tens of thousands ments received intensive carpet B-52 bomb military aircraft. A visit was made to one of of civllian dwellings. B-52's followed a pat ing which extended more than 1 kilometer the missile battalions of the Hanoi area; this tern of "carpet bombing" and in some in in length and 1 kilometer in width; prac particular missile unit had downed several stances their track extended over 1 kilo• tically every building in these boundaries B-52's. Some of its personnel are veterans meter long and from 600 meters to 1 kilo was leveled to the ground or made unin from the war of independence against the meter wide. According to the Vietnamese habitable. French prior to Dien Bien Phu. figures, the following number of U.S. aircraft Vietnam-Czechoslovakian Friendship Hos Request to see the US air pilots who were were downed: a total of 81 aircraft; 34 B-52's, pital: prisoners: 5 F-lll's; and 42 other jet airplanes. 23 B- On Dec. 23 from the hours 0445 to 0600 This request was made upon our arrival, 52's were downed over Hanoi. hours, the Vietnam-Czechoslovakian Friend and repeated several times. Since we were The Kham Thien Street: ship Hospital, with a capacity of 540 beds, told that the matter was being pursued, the One of the most populated areas in the received 2-ton bombs which destroyed more request was not made in our conversation city, with nearly 30,000 inhabitants, workers' than two-thirds of this institution, includ with Premier Pahn Van Dong for that quarters with many shops and stores, was ing the infectious disease department, the privilege. It was intimated that the prisoners bombed Dec. 26 from 2003 hours to 2400 radiology department, the electro-cardio had been dispersed from Hanoi and that hours with 30 sorties of B-52's which sat graphic department and other important their location was rather inaccessible from urated the district with thousand of bombs facilities. the Hanoi area. The prisoners were under the including 2000-pounders. The Kham Thien direct control of the army and visitation re Market was reduced to rubble. 213 people IV. OBSERVATIONS ON THE BOMBING quests required a number of approaches to were kllled and 257 others wounded, not in As a psychologist and a physician, I had the mllitary high command. Since the rescue cluding those who could not be found or special interest in investigating the psycho attempt by the US armed forces, there was a were crushed and still remained under the logical effects of the bombing and the medi reluctance on the part of the military to ruins. The bombing run for this district was cal care of the injured. make the prisoners who had been committed more than 1 kilometer long and 600 meters The bombing was devastating, and its to camps available for civlllans. Those pilots task of the physical destruction of terrain, who were interviewed by Joan Baez, Taylor in width. structures and many casualties was achieved. et al were presented prior to their being dis Other districts in Hanoi were investigated However, the casualties were very low, be patched to prison reception centers. and showed similar devastation. cause of the fact that in the December raids On December 16th the announcement was The Bach-Mai Hospital: over 250,000-300,000 people of the 750,000 made that President Nixon had ordered the The Ba.ch-Mai Hospital, a center of medi population had been dispersed from Hanoi, cessation of bombing of the whole of North cal research, the largest teaching institution and only essential persons required in the Vietnam as well as the mining of harbors and for medical and paramedical sciences in operation of the city remained. Otherwise, inland waterways. Everyone felt we were North Vietnam, with 940 beds and with more the casualties would have been increased. moving in the direction toward some climax February 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5237 in the negotiations. Many persons were hope· TELEPHONE RATE INCREASES company wants to charge for local calls on ful that a revision of the October 27th agree FOUGHT BY CO-OP CITY RESI a timed basis, ment would be signed. However, all spokes DENTS The most unexpected testimony came from men, despite their optimism, were cautious, John T. Renck, president of Local 1106 of the recognizing that on many occasions circum Communications Workers of America, whose stances occurred in which the bombing of HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM 3,300 members are telephone-company plant North Vietnam was halted, peace seemed to workers in Queens. be in the offing, negotiations faltered and OF NEW YORK In a sworn statement, Mr. Renck said he bombing would resume. While optimism was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES was breaking a long-standing union position voiced by some officials in cautious .terms, Thursday, February 22, 1973 of impartiality in rate cases to oppose the the population as well as members of the gov $306-million request. The money would not ernment and the armed forces remained vigi Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, the New go to improve wages or phone service, he lant and were prepared, if necessary, to re York Times this morning reports the ef charged, but "toward the financing of man sume active combat should the next round forts made on February 20 by 250 resi agement's anti-employee practices-toward of US-Hanoi negotiations fail. dents of Co-op City in the Bronx to op the maintenance of thier standing army of Entrance of US Mass Communications strike-breakers, toward the expansion of Media into DRV (Hanoi and Haiphong): pose the New York Telephone Co.'s re quest for another rate increase. There is their company police and spy system." Prior to departure, we discussed with our SURVEil..LANCE CHARGED hosts the question of allowing the US mass no doubt that the burden of telephone communications media, radio and television, rate increases falls heaviest on the el Mr. Renck said that New York Telephone personnel to come to North Vietnam and derly and other persons with fixed in "is making voice recordings of some of its document the results of the December bomb employes without their knowledge." These comes. The problem of rising telephone recordings, he said are translated into a visual ings. We were given to believe that in the charges is a matter of concern for the en event the Le Doc Tho-Kissinger negotiations pattern electronically and linked to a lie lead to a signed agreement, such an invita tire Nation because of the effect which detector device to decide whether the em tion to representatives of US mass media. it has on the finances of all consumers. ployes were telling the truth. would be in the offi.ing. I am attaching the Times article to "I suggest that the management which call attention to the situation which now would subject its employes to this kind of confronts New Yorkers. Following that surveillance would not hesitate to extend it to its subscribers," Mr. Renck said, adding article, I am including the statement of that the company, which he referred to as LITHUANIAN ANNIVERSARIES Meyer Berstein, a leader of yesterday's "Big Brother," might use such a technique rate protest, which was delivered prior to to decide if a customer was lying about a the Public Service Commission hearing: disputed phone bill. HON. JAMES J. DELANEY [From the New York Times, Feb. 21, 1973] OF NEW YORK STATEMENT OF MEYER BERNSTEIN Two HUNDRED AND FIFTY PROTESTERS DISRUPT IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES PHONE-RisE HEARING Mr. Chairman, honored guests, fellow co (By Grace Lichtenstein) operators, this ls my last opportunity to Tuesday, February 20, 1973 speak to you before the demonstration on A rauoous Public Service Commission hear Tuesday, February 20, when the Public Serv Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, I am glad ing on the New York Telephone Company's to join my colleagues and Americans of ice Commission opens its hearings on the la.test request for a rate increase was inter pending telephone rate increase in New York. Lithuanian origin and descent in com rupted yesterday when 250 angry residents of Ever since I was a youngster and became memorating two anniversaries-the 722d Co-op City swarmed into the hearing room in involved in public matters, and situations anniversary of the founding of the Lith the World Trade Center. evolved that caused concern and anguish to uanian State and the 55th anniversary The Bronx residents, many of whom were the public, I've heard the cry "Why doesn't of the establishment of the modem Re elderly and frail, came in chartered buses someone do something about it?" I always public of Lithuania. to oppose a proposed $306-million increase, wondered "Who ls this Someone?" For more than seven centuries the which they argued would hurt old and poor Is he the Messiah? Do the people expect people the hardest. Heavenly intervention or Divine guidance? brave people of Lithuania have known Many were forced to stand temporarily be Until this day I still don't know who they and suffered under the terror of tyrants, cause there were not enough chairs, when mean when they say "Someone." including the czars, Hitler, and Stalin. Stewart c. Boschwitz, the hearing examiner I did learn that when the populace does For over 100 years these gallant, free called a lunch recess at 12:10 P.M., less than become concerned about a condition or a dom-loving people fought czarist oppres an hour after the hearing had begun, mem precept or a law; and if it acts firmly and sion until, following World War I, they bers of the group shouted protests, explaining resolutely, it could change the undesirable succeeded in becoming an independent that their buses were scheduled to take them conditions; it could even cause the U.S. back to the Bronx at 1 P.M. Constitution to be amended. state on February 16, 1918. Urged on by members of the Congress for But the resolve to act must be present. After 21 short years of freedom, Lith United Labor Action, a militant workers' The determination to protest must be made uania became a battleground of World group that has appeared at several phone visible, and even inconveniences and sacri War II, occupied first by the Nazis and hearings, the Co-op City residents and others fices are made into tools of protest. then by the Red army. All freedoms were took over the microphone for most of the There 1s no "someone" with a panacea for abolished under the ruthless oppression lunch hour. the ills that befall us. There w1ll not be of their Communist masters. Yet, despite "I say we should stop using the phones- Divine intercession nor will there be any wanton murder of their leaders, depor then where would they be?" shouted one miracles. The only one who can help you is woman amid the din of competing voices. A you. tations to Soviet slave camps, and daily woman from Forest Hills, Queens, Mrs. Peggy Only you can stack piles of letters on the harassment, these indomitable people Berry, charged that the commission "doesn't Governor's desk telling him how immoral never lost hope that their freedom will represent the public; you represent big busi it was for the Telephone Co. to increase ultimately be returned. ness." One elderly woman carried a sign that its dividends to its affiuent stockholders as Their intense devotion to liberty has read, "Ma Bell ls an expensive mother." they did last year after raising your rates been exemplified by the Lithuanian sail POLICE CALLED IN 50 % . Not only was it immoral, but it was or, Simas Kudirka, who dramatically but After the lunch break, the hearing ex an unconscionable act by a monolithic mo unsuccessfully tried to escape from a aminer called Port Authority policemen into nopoly. Soviet ship. Last year, some 17,000 Lith the hearing room when Gavrielle Gemman, Only you can fill the buses on Tuesday, a phone-company operator who was one of February 20, to be transported to the World uanian Catholics appealed to the United the militant labor speakers, refused to leave Trade Center, where you will voice your Nations for protection of their human the witness stand. Three policemen arrived great concern and your indignation against rights. and stood over Miss Gemman, who then re another unreasonable and unscrupulous plot It is fitting that we in Congress, by linquished the microphone. by the telephone company to extort still this commemoration, call attention to During quieter moments, New York City more dollars from your pockets to pay even the flame of liberty that glows brightly officials, consumer activists and private phone higher dividends to its stockholders and in Lithuania and other Baltic and captive users urged the commission to reject the higher salaries to its fat cat executives, while rate-income request. Among other things, the the Wage Board holds down your salaries. nations. phone company wants to charge 20 cents No! There ls no somebody who is going to I join free men everywhere in the for a pay phone call and eliminate the single do your job. If you should fall to act deci devout hope that soon these great and m.essage-unit ca.11. Under the current unit sively and with determ.in.a.tion-"The win~ noble people will again know the joys of call system, a conversation between people in ot your discontent will not be warmed by peace and freedom, and be able to govern the same local area costs 7.1 cents whether the summer glow"--of the Yellow Pages. their own destiny. it lasts three minutes or three hours. The Tuesday's demonstration must be success- 5238 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22,. 1973 ful lest our total effort die aborning. There DOKTORO ESPERANTO OR "HE WHO HOPES" ranto over to its Language Committee whose is much more "Blood, Sweat and Tears" to From his schoolmaster father, he had in job it was to survey the evolution of the be shed. This is only the beginning. I must herited a gift for languages. He spoke three language and to give official approval to new repeat that this is not a panacea. for our ills. fluently: Russian, Polish and German, and words introduced into it. But in order to win the war we must be could read three others freely: Latin, Hebrew At the Congress of Races in London, in successful in this CTUcial battle. a.nd French (to say nothing of Yiddish). He 1911, he presented a report stressing that had a more cursory and theoretical knowl physical differences were less important than edge of English, Italian and several other those of language and customs. "Discord tongues. among men," he said, "will never cease until LAZARUS ZAMENHOF, CREATOR His knowledge of English a.nd French con they grow accustomed to giving more im OF ESPERANTO vinced him that a language could get along portance to the word 'man' than to the words without the complicated declensions and 'people' and 'race'." In his mind, the peoples con jugat ions of the Slavonic tongues. A care of the world were separated mainly by lan HON. MARIO BIAGGI ful study of Russian and German convinced guage and religious customs. To bring them him t hat a wise choice of suffixes and pre together, he suggested a. neutral language OF NEW YORK fixes could reduce t he size of the vocabulary and a. neutral ethical basis which would pro IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES considerably, while French and German vide a common ground for agreement be · Thursday, February 22, 1973 proved the usefulness of the definite article tween all men of goodwlll. which the Slavonic languages do not have. A "LINGVO INTERNACIA" WITH 80,000 WORDS Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, on Decem His work led to the publication in 1887 He meant to discuss this idea. at the tenth ber 15, shortly before this Congress con of a textbook on the "Lingvo Internacia" Universal Esperanto Congress in Paris when vened, we celebrated the birthday of the international language-for which he war broke out in 1914. To Zamenhof, this was Lazarus Zamenhof, the creator of the used the pen-name, Doktoro Esperanto ("he a. terrible blow, but he continued to fight for international language known as Esper who h opes" ). Til.e book, whose publication his ideals. Ba.ck in Warsaw in 1915 he drafted was financed by his future father-in-law as a "Letter to Diplomats" in which he empha anto. Zamenhof was born of Polish par a wedding present, explained the main char ents on December 15, 1859, and died at sized that the main duty of any future peace acteristics of the "lingvo": a vocabulary wit h treaty would be to guarantee to all races and the age of 58, after having left the wo:ld its roots drawn mainly from the Romance minorities equality and freedom in the coun a legacy which may someday lead tom and Germanic languages; detachable pre tries in which they lived. This was his last temational harmony and understanding. fixes and suffixes added to these roots and public act; he died on April 14, 1917. Mr. Speaker, I wish to include in the serving for all grammatical distinctions; and Zamenhof had foreseen that Esperanto RECORD an article which briefly describes a. very simple grammar consisting of 16 short would evolve and grow like any other living rules. The language, moreover, was fully in language. From a vocabulary of 904 roots the life of Lazarus Zamenhof. Hopefully, dependent and had its own individuality. which could be used to form about 10,000 the international language which he cre In the following yea.rs, other textbooks ated with a view toward lessening na were published as well as a dictionary and words (1887), it has grown to more than 80,- 000 words based upon some 7,800 root words. tionalistic isolation and rivalry will con translations into Esperanto. At the same Zamenhof himself contributed greatly to en tinue to increase in popularity the world time, the first supporters came on the scene: first in Poland, then in Germany, Bulgaria, riching the language, not only by his poems, over. The goal of worldwide peace will speeches and articles, but also through his only be reached through worldwide com Russia, etc. Soon, groups were forming every where. In 1894, an important event oc translations into Esperanto of works by munication. curred-the support of Leon Tolstoy who Gogol, Shakespeare, Dickens, Molliere, Hans The article follows: wrote in "Posrednik": "After only two hours Andersen, Goethe, Schiller, Heine and Sholem Aleichem. His version of the Old Testament ZAMENHOF: FATHER OF ESPERANTO of study I was able, 1f not to write Esperan which he translated in full was published (By Francoise Niederha.usen) to, at any rate to read it freely." He urged everyone to learn this language "because the after his death in 1926. In the streets of the unhappy town of my sacrifice is so small and the eventual benefits Two world wars destroyed many Esperanto birth, savage men with axes and iron bars so great that no one should refuse to try it." libraries and organizations in Europe, but fell like wild beasts upon peaceful citizens, they were unable to stamp out the language whose only crime was that they spoke an A COMMON GROUND FOR AGREEMENT AMONG and the ideal which inspired Zamenhof. To other language and held another creed than MEN day, there are several mlllion Esperanto those savages." The movement was growing steadily. In speakers in the world and its literature, both The man who wrote these lines was named Scandinavia, England, France and elsewhere original or translated, amounts to more than Lazarus Ludovic Zamenhof. You may not scholars were becoming interested in the 50,000 volumes. Til.ere are chairs or courses know his name, but you certainly know his experiment. In 1905, the first Esperanto Con in Esperanto in some thirty universities. Til.e life's work, for Zamenhof was the creator gress was held at Boulogne-sur-Mer in language ls taught in schools in twenty-two of Esperanto, an international language of France. To attend it, Zamenhof and his wife countries, to say nothing of countless eve communication between peoples. travelled all the way from Warsaw in a third ning classes. Twenty radio stations broadcast He was born a hundred years ago on De class railway carriage. Zamenhof was awed programmes regularly in the language. cember 15, 1859, in Bialystok, a frontier city a.nd somewhat overwhelmed by his stay in "Esperanto," Zamenhof once said, "knows near the borders of Lithuania, Poland and Paris: he was given an official reception at neither weak nor strong nations, privileged Byelorussia, where communities speaking the City Hall and decorated with the Legion nor inferior peoples. . . . All of us equal on different languages and practising different of Honour, and he dined on the Eiffel Tower neutral ground, should consider ourselves religions lived together, although not very with a group of world famous scholars. members of the same human family." To pay happily. But even greater satisfactions were await tribute to this great vision, Esperantists from Young Zamenhof was deeply affected by ing him at Boulogne. Eight hundred men and all over the world met in Warsaw last August the prejudices and the antagonisms stirring women from thirty countries had assembled for their Universal Congress. this minor tower of Babel. Local officials were there and all of them, whether in their of the Orthodox faith and spoke Russian; official statements or their private conversa the nobllity were generally Roman Catholics tions were speaking Esperanto. The "lingvo and spoke Polish; the peasants talked to each iD!ternacia" had become a reality-and no LET US HELP KEEP LITHUANIA'S other in Lithuanian or Byelorussia.n, while one was more surprised than Zamenhof DREAM ALIVE the Jewish shopkeepers spoke Yiddish a.nd himself. lived in a section apart. Hostile prejudices, The Boulogne congress gave him the op diverse languages, customs and religions all portunity of stressing the moral and social HON. ROBERT N. GIAIMO pitted the inhabitants of Bialystok against importance of his work: Esperanto was not OF CONNECTICUT each other. an end in itself, but a means of contributing To a sensitive boy belonging to a group to a better understanding between peoples. It IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which could express itself only in a dead lan was a step towards the unity of mankind. Tuesday, February 20, 1973 guage or in an adopted one, these conflicts The following year, he developed this idea seemed very tragic. At a. very early age, young at the Esperanto congress in Geneva, stat Mr. GIAIMO. Mr. Speaker, on Febru Ludovic developed the idea that a. common ing his conviction that the international ary 16, 1918, the people of Lithuania de tongue would help to break down at least language was a means of bringing men to clared their nation to be free and inde part of the barriers separating people from gether by breaking down the barriers be pendent. At this time each year, many one another. tween them. He exalted the brotherhood of Members of Congress and many individ This idea. haunted him throughout his man which seemed to him the only creed uals of Lithuanian heritage pay homage childhood and adolescence: first in Warsaw acceptable to all peoples and to a.11 faiths. to these brave individuals who have ded where his parents moved in 1873 a.nd where Year after year, a.t Esperanto congresses, he Ludovic attended high school, then in Mos explained his ideas on tolerance and human icated their lives for a free and inde cow where he studied medicine, in Vienna. rights. pendent nation, only to have this cher where he took a. course in ophthalmology and This role of guide seemed so important to ished goal crushed by German and Sov in Warsaw again where he set up a practice him that, in 1912, he renounced all honours iet authoritarian forces. as an oculist. and turned the linguistic problems of Espe- The people of Lithuania started on the February 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5239
bright road to freedom some 55 years GAP IN LEGAL SERVICES--MODERATE-lNCOME of some of the factors perceived to inhibit ago with their successful revolt against CLASS use of lawyers' service-lawyer referral serv (By David N. Edelstein) ices and legal insurance. Communist control, bringing their ft.ow Lawyer referral services have been estab ering country into the league of demo Major strides have been made during the lished by the organized Bar in many com cratic nations. While the Lithuanian na last decade in expanding availability of legal munities to facilitate initial contact with a tion began to prosper and remained services to low income persons. Substantial financial resources and legal talent have been, lawyer. Although the nature and scope of peaceful during the hectic 1920's and and are being, committed to programs provid these services vary among communities, they 1930's Soviet forces devastated this hon ing free legal services to the poor. In addition, all share certain common characteristics. orable country into submission to their financial support of research has provided Upon request of any individual, regardless totalitarian goals. Although the Lithu new insights into the nature and magnitude of his income, the service will furnish the of the legal needs of the poor. name of a lawyer or names of several lawyers anian people continued to strive for with whom the inquirer may discuss his freedom and democracy, even under NOTED DEVELOPMENTS problem. these harsh conditions, once again their Funding of experimental programs has per In most communities, the list from which dreams were shattered by the reconquer mitted evaluation of new methods of deliver the service makes the referral consists of ing German armies and again by the ty ing legal services to the poor. Al though no those lawyers who have indicated a desire to rannical Soviet forces in the early 1940's. one factor can be said to account for this participate in the program. In some com The steadfastness of these brave peo renewed effort, two developments undoubt munities, the referral service is limited to ple in striving for freedom and democ edly would be included at the head of any providing the inquirer with the names of list of significant factors: (1) the substantial attorneys. In others, participating attorneys racy can be best exemplified by the tragic funds allocated by the Office of Economic also agree to provide initial consultation c.f death of more than 30,000 valiant free Opport unity to programs providing legal one ha1f hour at an established minimal fee dom :fighters from 1940 to 1952, who lost services for the poor in civil matters and (2) (e.g., $5-$10). Thereafter, of course, the at their lives in the pursuit of liberation the U.S. Supreme Court decisions requiring torney's fee ls whatever he and the client from autocratic rule in their dedica states to provide counsel to indigent persons agree upon. tion to develop a free and democratic accused of crimes [serious crime&-Gideon v. POTENTIAL FOR SERVICE Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963); any crime nation. the possible penalty for which is a jail term A strong and effective lawyer referral serv Although organized and armed resist of any duration-Argersinger v. Hamlin, 407 ice can do much to encourage use of law ance has ceased to exist since 1952, the U.S. 25 (1972) ). Although adequate and ef yers where the principal inhibiting element silent struggle for liberty and sover fective delivery of legal services to the poor is fear and concern on the part of the public eignty in the hearts and minds of these is hardly ideal, the problem has been recog arising out of the unknown , especially where the plan affords a preliminary consultation heroic people can never be suppressed~ nized and is being addressed. Ironically, these recent efforts directed at at a modest fee. However, lawyer referral ls It is imperative for those of us who are not aimed at moderating cost of service be living under freedom and independence, meeting the legal needs of the poor have also pointed up how little is known and under yond the initial contact. and who often take it for granted, to stood about the legal needs of persons of Legal insurance is seen by many as hav amplify the ideals of these people and to moderate income ($5,000-$15,000/ $20,000). ing significant potential not only as an ef relate to the desires of freedom that the Thrait the problem of unfulfilled legal needs fective measure to reduce the cost to the Lithuanian people possess but cannot ls not confined to persons who meet the fi individual availing himse1f of a lawyer's express for fear of oppression. We must nancial eligibility requirements for free legal servica but also as a device to moderate continue to declare our concern for and service is exemplified by the plight of persons generalized fears about cost. An experiment our interest in these courageous people, whose income only marginally exceeds ceil in legal insurance has been operating in ings imposed by the free programs. Shreveport, La., since January, 1971, under for to cease this expression would be to Members of this income group, al though the auspices of the local Bar, with coopera shatter their hopes for liberty and inde technically above the poverty level, may well tion of a local union and employers, and pendence. We must keep their dreams forgo use of lawyers' services when needed with financial support from both the Amer alive. simply because they cannot afford the full ican Bar Association and the Ford Founda cost of legal services in the market place. tion. However, the problem of underuse of legal Membership in the plan is available to LEGAL SERVICES FOR counsel may well extend to middle-income members of a union who elect to participate NONINDIGENT persons well above the poverty line. by authorizing a payroll deduction of 2 cents In some cases, actual cost of a lawyer's an hour toward the cost of the insurance. services may be an inhibiting factor; in other Coverage under the plan includes reimburse cases, it may be untutored fear about the ment for legal fees incurred by the insured HON. FRANK THOMPSON, JR. high cost of lawyers' services. However, other or his dependents. The plan operates in a OF NEW JERSEY factors beyond cost, or assumptions about fashion similar to medical insurance in that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cost, may be equally powerful in depressing it provides for reimbursement of fees, up to use of lawyers' services by moderate income specified maximums, and no restrictions on Thursday, February 22, 1973 persons. the insured's free choice of a lawyer. Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey. Mr. Some of the other reasons suggested in Programs of legal insurance in other com clude failure to recognize the need for a munities and covering other groups are in Speaker, as you know, I have again in lawyer's help on some matters, misconcep various stages of planning and development. troduced legislation to permit employer tions that alternative resources are adequate Both legal insurance plans and lawyers re contributions to trust funds established or equally effective, uncertainty when first ferral services are or may be directed at the for the purpose of defraying the costs confronted with the task of choosing a law• public generally and do not limit the individ of legal services. That bill is H.R. 77. yer, diffidence about asking for help with a ual's free choice of an attorney. Other pro With laWYer referral services and fed matter that may be seen by others as trivial. grams, such as prepaid group plans estab erally funded programs providing· legal The implications are serious, indeed, if lished by some unions, have been established there does exist an unmet need for legal for specific groups and may utilize the con aid for the poor, and the wealthy being services among middle-in come persons, re cept of a preselected panel of lawyers. able to afford legal services-the great gardless of the reasons. Legal rights and in All of the above plans assume that the moderate income, middle class of our terests import ant to the individual may public ls not fully utilizing lawyers' services. country is being denied essential legal not be adequately protected or effectively Each of these plans attempts to moderate one protection. These average, taxpaying asserted without a lawyer's counsel or more of the problems that are seen as Americans cannot afford, or do not think whether that entails representation in court inhibiting use. They are valid and valuable they can afford, a laWYer. The bill I am or rendering advice on what those rights are. experiments because they help some people sponsoring will go a long way in provid Moreover, the viability of the legal system obtain legal service who might otherwise re and legal institutions ls generally weakened frain from seeking legal help when needed. ing essential legal services to millions of if a substantial segment of the population Moreover, the experience under these plans middle Americans. belie'lles that the courts, lawyers, and the can be useful in evaluating effective means I have come across a stimulating arti legal syst em are not interested in and can for assuring optimum use of lawyers' serv cle dealing with the problem, by the not be responsive to the everyday legal prob ices. Honorable David N. Edelstein, Chief lems of the ordinary man. The benefit to be achieved from these plans Judge, U.S. District Court, Southern Dis GROWING CONCERN is limited, however. First of all, they only trict of New York. The article appeared reach a small proportion of the public- There is a deepening concern, particularly either because of limits in eligib111ty or be in the January 24, 1973, edition of the within the legal profession, that moderate- cause, as the case of lawyers referral, the New York Law Journal. I ask that the 1ncome persons are not seeking legal help service does not exist in many communities article be printed at this point in the when needed. Two programs, in particular, or ls limited in its visiblllty. Secondly, these RECORD. which have received the support of the orga plans represent a response to a felt need that The article follows: nized Bar are designed to moderate the effect is neither verified or quantlfl.ed. 5240 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973
LITl'LE KNOWN To place today's problems in perspec CHINESE-AMERICAN HISTORY The fact of the matter is that very little tive, I feel that we should first briefiy Lured to America by the gold rush of 1s known about the unfulfilled legal needs of review the history of Asian Americans. moderate-income persons. Elementary ques 1848, within 3 years there were 25,000 tions remain yet to be answered. For example, HISTORIC VIEW Chinese in California. To ease their fears what is the nature, range, a.nd frequency of When Asians entered this country, of the strange ways here, they banded problems confronted by middle income per their initial reception was mixed-at closely together-retaining their Chinese sons; how do they deal with these problems; best-ranging from an open hostility oo language, food, clothes, and customs. to what extent a.nd under what circumstances a oolerance that has later flared into During almost the first 20 years of Chi do they ava.11 themselves of legal counsel; violence. nese immigration to the United States, when a.nd why do they fa.11 to do so. The answers to these questions w111 tell us JAPANESE AMERICAN HISTORY the Chinese led lives of hard work and whether there is, in fa.ct, under-use of legal The history of Americans of Japanese respect. But during the depression of service among moderate income persons or ancestry in this Nation has been marked 1876, after the transcontinental railroad specific sub-groups within this income group by reoccurring prejudice and repression. was completed, a scapegoat was needed. and can suggest how this problem may be They suffered the wrath and injustice The Chinese became that scapegoat. tackled. In the absence of this information, which led to the racist phrase "yellow The Chinese--not Chinese Americans it ls impossible to assess either the value of because they were denied citizenshiP eft'ectlveness of existing programs aimed at peril," and which permitted the enact facilitating use of lawyers' services. ment by 1941 of some 500 Federal, State, wer.e stoned, robbed, beaten and mas Recognizing the need for fuller knowledge and local laws and ordinances directed. sacred. Special taxes were levied to be about the legal needs of the public, generally, against Japanese aliens and, in many paid almost entirely by the Chinese. In and moderate income persons, specifically cases, their American-born citizen 1882, Congress passed the first of the in the American Bar Association has appointed children. famous Chinese exclusion acts which a Special Committee to Survey the Legal Yet, the crowning blow of the preju suspended Chinese immigration for 10 Needs of the Public. The committee's task is years. When Chinese immigration was twofold: (1) to design a.nd execute a survey dice and hatred toward Japanese Ameri of the public a.nd (2) to report the findings cans was not until the spring of 1942, reinstituted, only a little more than 100 of the study a.nd make appropriate recom when 110,000 Japanese Americans were Chinese were allowed to immigrate oo mendations. The committee ha.s developed a arbitrarily denied their constitutional this country per year. It is around this survey design which will meet the highest rights, subjected oo mass evacuation, and time in Chinese-American hisoory that standards for rigor a.nd objectivity. It will herded inoo relocation camps to live for the phrase "not a Chinaman's chance" retain the services of a nationally known and the duration of World War II. came into common usage. recognized university affiliated survey re . When the obvious prejudice against search organization to provide expert con Meanwhile, Americans of Japanese an sultation on the research design, sampling, cestry, who were permitted to join the Chinese Americans let down after World and questionnaire and to conduct the inter U.S. Army, formed the famed 442d Regi War II, almost one out of five Chinese views and initially process the data. mental Combat Team which won ac Americans began work as an engineer, It is hoped that this study will make a claim as the most decorated military unit doctor, scientist or teacher. Yet exclusion substantial contribution to knowledge and, in American history for its size and laws were not even repealed until 1943, to the extent indicated by the study find In after China and the United States be- ings, will lead to reforms that will assure that length of service. addition, the unit won fame as the "Purple Heart Regi came allies. · no person is deprived of the help of a lawyer But even with the many contributions when needed. ment," for its troops suffered more than 300 percent casualties in terms of its of Chinese Americans-ranging from art initial complement of troops. to acupuncture--discrimination toward We have done much to repudiate the Chinese Americans remains. In one of H.R. 261-THE ASIAN AMERICAN unjust laws and ordinances directed the Chinese Americans' largest com AFFAIRS CABINET COMMITTEE againt Japanese Americans. munities, San Francisco's Chinatown I was pleased to coauthor the measure one-third of the families earn less th~ which repealed the order permitting the the Federal poverty level, due primarily HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON tragic incarceration of loyal Japanese to Chinese Americans being excluded OF CALIFORNIA Americans during World War II. The from many jobs because of their race. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES work of Congressmen HOLIFIELD and FILIPINO AMERICAN HISTORY Thursday, February 22, 1973 MATSUNAGA in bringing this matter to the History has not only been unjust to the attention of American people deserves Japanese and Chinese American, it has Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. high praise and I was pleased to join also unjustly treated other Asian Amer Speaker, contrary to public opinion, them in this effort. ican groups. prejudice and bigotry aimed at Asian We have done much to change the Filipinos were brought to America in Americans are not relics of the past. In philosophy which brought about and al order to meet an acute need for cheap stead, evidence continues oo mount that lowed the imprisonment in those camps. farm labor and, like his Asian brothers- Americans of Asian extraction are not But, what do we know about the prej the Japanese and Chinese-he was sub free from prejudice and bigotry here in jected to exploitation. the country they helped creat.e. udice that occurred after the war? What Yet, a myth persists in our country do we know about the effect of the im In the late 1920's, as the Depression regarding the welfare and well-being of prisonment of Japanese Americans on approached and the competition for jobs Asian Americans. This myth perpetuat.es their culture? increased, an anti-Filipino feeling devel the idea that they have fully realized Despite their heroic efforts in defense oped which resulted in riots against the the "American dream," and that there of our country, they returned to their Filipino in Watsonville, Exeter, and is no bigotry and prejudice directed to homes and farms to find that they had Tulare, Calif., and Yakima, Wash. Ac ward Asian Americans. been confiscated. cording to the Filipino American Posi While it is true that Asian Americans They returned, not to a well-deserved tion Paper; in Los Angeles, around the have surmounted legal, economic, po hero's welcome, but rather, oo find that turn of the century, the chamber of litical, educational, and social barriers, Japanese-American names had been commerce described Filipinos as the the facts indicate that, in all too many stricken from community-sponsored "most worthless, unscrupulous, shiftless instances, the remnants of prejudice and plaques and monuments that had been diseased semi-barbarians that ever cam~ bigotry still pervade our society and con placed to honor the American dead. to our shores." Again, according to the tinue to confront the Asian American. They returned to find that life in the same paper; in San Francisco, a judge Today, due partly to the historic con internment camps had broken down the during the same period called Filipinos ditions, and partly to the recent influx heretofore greatest strength of the Japa "savages who were taking the jobs and of Asians to America, the Asian Amer nese American group-family unity. women from decent white boys." ican communities are plagued by prob They found that family discipline, the KOREAN AMERICAN HISTORY lems approaching crisis proportions. The keystone of Japanese-American social The ability and ingenuity of many problems reach into every facet of life, control, was lessened by the communal Korean immigrants was never fully resulting in job discrimination, and gov living imposed by incarceration. realized due to educational, cultural, and ernmental neglect of the special needs The culminating effect of incarcera language barriers. The resources brought of both the youthful and the elderly tion was the devastation of Japanese to this country by Korean Americans Asian American. American family life and social control. since they began immigrating to t~ I February 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5241 country during the 1920's, have never ployment, the Asian American is virtu Federal effort to locate elderly persons been tapped to their full potential. ally excluded. eligible for food stamps or commodity When the national origin quota was Out of 5,755 GS-16, GS-17, and GS-18 assistance--limited attempts were made enacted in 1924, the immigration of positions, only 16--or less than three to locate aged Asian Americans. In both Koreans to America was limited to less tenths of 1 percent-are filled by Asian the Los Angeles and San Francisco areas than 750 annually until 1956. After 1962, Americans, according to recent Govern information in languages of Philippine, a significant number of Korean im ment statistics. Tagalog, Chinese and Japanese was dis migrants began to arrive in America. In the Postal Field Service, no Asian tributed to Asian American communities SAMOAN AMERICAN HISTORY American is as high as a level 16. by the American Red Cross. But Red The attitudes which have resulted in Mr. Speaker, this lack of advancement Cross officials in Los Angeles say few the prejudice and bigotry toward other in the public sector no doubt carries over Asian Americans returned the necessary Asian Americans have certainly not es into, and has considerable influence cards to receive food stamp or commodity caped the Samoans who have adopted upon, the private sector of the economy. assistance. They attribute the lack of this country as their own. However, in addition, one of the most response to cultural differences and new Despite their loyalty to this country, difficult obstacles I found was the notice arrivals to the country who did not re their penchant for work, their profici able lack of available information on job ceive the information because they were ency in learning and adapting, their hiring procedures in the private sector not yet on social security mailing lists. strong family-oriented society; the regarding the Asian American. But the food stamp program is not ac Samoan Americans have found them THE AGED ceptable to many Asian Americans be selves victims of the same neglect lev Elderly Asian Americans perhaps face cause, again according to the White eled toward other Asian immigrants to the most severe problems in the com House Conference on Aging, it presently America. munity. excludes the elderly Asian American While their history in the United According to the most recent White from purchasing imported ethnic foods-- States has not been as long as others, House Conference on Aging, "elderly the only type of food many aged Asian they, too, have met social, political, and Asian Americans are suffering from un Americans include in their normal diets. economic discrimination. precedented problems that are devastat Special dietary and cultural preferences And these attitudes have, unfortu ing the lives of these aged people." of older Asian Americans should be in nately, carried over to today. cluded in the Federal food stamp and Because of the language barrier and commodity assistance programs. EMPLOYMENT the lack of bilingual staff in social serv Mr. Speaker, the facts are, that elderly Contrary to public opinion, the Asian ice agencies, the elder Asian American is Asian Americans have unique problems, Americans, like other minority groups, not acquainted with the available bene problems unlike those encountered by do experience prejudice in the job mar fits such as social security, old-age as sistance, health care, housing and recrea other groups, and, they are problems that ket. must be solved by Federal action. Just last month, a five-member task tion. In addition to cultural differences, force appointed by the Los Angeles some Asian Americans face other cir YOUTH County Board of Supervisors accused cumstances peculiar to their races. For As in all countries, the hope of the county officials of racial and ethnic bias instance, sickle cell anemia affects future rests with the younger generation. toward Asian Americans. During a 2- Samoans and its detection is combined Yet, in the Asian-American community, year study in the area, the Los Angeles with cultural problems for the Samoans. the young are not receiving the special County task force found that Asian When we realize that the suicide rate attention that should be accorded the Americans were not being actively re among Asian-American elderly in cer leaders of the future. cruited and advanced as merited by their tain areas is three times the national As in other communities, the Asian skills and ability: Solutions recommend average--when we realize that studies American community has been wracked ed by the task force include; the em show that 34 percent of Asian American by drugs. In 1971, over 3 deaths of Asian ployment of an Asian-American recruit elderly have never had a medical or American youth were attributed to an ment analyst; the recruiting of minori dental examination; it should be obvious overdose of drugs in the Los Angeles ties in all apprenticeship programs; and that the problems facing Asian-American area. The drugs causing the deaths were increasing the number of apprentices in aged are, according to the White House not the usual heroin overdoses, but were all departments. Conference, "overwhelming to the point primarily amphetamine overdoses. Ex I give my full support for increasing that it is impassible for the Asian Amer perts in the drug abuse field say the the number of qualified Asian Americans ican aged to look only to their families Asian-American youth are not using employed by the county government in for help." community drug programs, possibly be necessary positions. The problems of the aged are par cause of cultural differences. But involvement on the county level ticularly acute with the Filipino Ameri EDUCATION alone is not going to solve the problems can, who is, generally, older than the In order to meet the needs of rising of the Asian Americans. Due to the mag national median. While the median age expectations, Asian-American children nitude of the problems, the Federal Gov of the white American is 26.6 years the mru;t receive a quality education-an ed ernment most certainly has an obliga median age of the Filipino Americ~n is ucation designed to bring the Asian tion to provide more employment for 40.9 years. As a result, we can readily American economic and social success. Asian Americans than it is now provid see that Americans of Filipino ancestry This has not been the case in the past. ing. are in greater need of programs designed According to the most recent available For example, a 1965 study by the Cali to meet the special problems which con figures from a 1965 study by the Cali fornia Department of Industrial Rela front the aged. fornia Department of Industrial Rela tions found that the Filipino at $2,925 But, what is the Federal Government tions, median school years completed by had the lowest annual income of any doing in the Asian American community Filipino Americans was 8.7 years. ethnic group in the State. to relieve these problems? · Perhaps the reason for this alarming For those Asian Americans who are Between 1969 and 1971, grants to com dropout rate is the language barrier. eminently well qualified-for those who munities to aid the aged totaled $32 Obviously, it is difficult, if not impossible, have overcome the barriers to quality ed million. According to the White Home to compete if the language is not under ucation--even for them, advancement is Conference, "of this $32 million, not one stood. stifled by the Federal Government. dollar was given to Asian-American com The New York City Chinatown Plan The most recent U.S. Census Bureau munities for their aged problems." The ning Council estimates that 90 percent figures show that Asian Americans rep reason for this lack of assistance goes of new arrivals to the United States do resent 1 percent of the U.S. population. back to the myth that Asian Americans not understand spoken English. And, in The almost 21,000 Asian Americans work do not need Federal help. Again, accord San Francisco's Chinatown, over 70 per ing for the Federal Government repre ing to the Conference, the reasons for cent of the new population lack a knowl sent less than 1 percent of the Federal the lack of Federal help "according to edge of English. work force; but it is in the higher grades Government officials was that, Asian In Pasadena, Calif., 15 percent of the that the real discrimination takes place. Americans do not have problems." Japanese Americans in the school system In the upper echelons of Federal em- During last year's Project FIND-a identify Japanese as their first langauge. I! I' 5242 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973
Gang warfare in both Los Ang~les, THE FILM INDUSTRY IN SOUTHERN agencies use 16 mm. film, some use Super and San Francisco's Asian A~er1can CALIFORNIA 8 and others use 35 mm., but there is concentration areas has resulted m sev- llttle attempt to standardize their various eral deaths in recent yea~s. . HON. JEROME R. WALDIE productions so that they could all be But the myth that Asian Americans compatible with the equipment of other "do n'ot have problems" persists. Very OF CALIFORNIA agencies. In addition, there is immense often we find that programs ar~ not IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES duplication of both facilities and subject aimed at helping Asian Americans. Thursday, February 22, 1973 matter. For instance, six of the seven Equally often, we find research has not Mr. w ALDIE. Mr. Speaker, foreign agencies within the Department of been conducted to determine the depth competition, the development of ad Health, Education, and Welfare possess of these problems. vanced film making techniques, and cer their own facilities and equipment. Each In fact from 1969 to 1971, the Depart tain changes in the fundamental phi branch of the armed services also has ment of Health, Education, and Welfare losophy of motion picture producti!>n their own overlapping facilities. I ask, authorized $30.7 million in research and have imposed tremendous hardships Mr. Speaker, would it not be more prac demonstration grants to minority ~?m upon the film industry in southern Cal tical for these various agencies to use munities for child welfare, rehabillta ifornia. The plight of the industry 1n the facilities now sitting dormant and tion, and special health projects; b~t general is perhaps best demonstrated by unused in the professional studios of none of these grants were made avail the fact that since 1966, employment in southern California? able to Asian-American communities. the southern California industry has de Indeed not only would it be more prac No doubt, the Asian American has creased in many instances by 50 to 80 tical, but' it would, most likely, ~esult in been discouraged and frustrated by the percent, leaving thousands jobless. Need productions of better quality, smce the lack of Government empathy. The~ see less to say, Mr. Speaker, hundreds of production process would involve knowl Federal programs helping other mmor highly talented, experienced film pro edgeable union personnel who have been ities but they feel that they are neglect duction personnel are currently unable trained specifically in this field, not the ed. They see that special college p~o to find a market for their skills. untrained members of the individual grams designed for minorities from dis The idea that so many individuals agencies. The competence of the pro advantaged areas, are not available to possessing such a variety of technical fessionals of the film industry, I am sure, Asian Americans. skills and creative abilities cannot find far surpasses the technical inexperience Two years ago, only five Filipino appropriate employment is tragic of the audiovisual experts in the Gov Americans from the Seattle area--an enough, Mr. Speaker. However, the real ernment. area with over 7,000 Filipino-American ization that the U.S. Government is in a For these reasons, Mr. Speaker, I urge residents--graduated from the three position to employ the talents of this ail the Federal agencies involved in film local universities which graduated ap ing industry, and has not done so, serves production to make a greater effort to proximately 9,000 students that year. to compound the frustration of those utilize the existing filmmaking facilities Yet the Government continues to turn who are unemployed, as well as that of and professional talent in the private its ba~k on the needs of the Asian Ameri those who are genuinely concerned about sector of geographic areas like southern the well-being of this vital aspect of California. The Ofiice of Management can student largely due to the myth 1;hat and Budget Circular A-76 states that, "all Asian-American students do well in California's economy. In short, Mr. Speaker I submit that the U.S. Govern whenever possible, the Federal Govern school and, thus, do not need Govern ment should contract for its work to be ment help." ment h~s not made a serious attempt to utilize the vast skills and resources of performed by private industry. Gen It is particularly disturbing when we erally, this has not been applied to film realize the Emergency Desegregation the southern California film industry. Instead of using the private sector, the making matters, but I think it is high Act, as recommended by the administra Government has developed its own mas time that we begin. tion in 1970, by definition, excluded sive radio-television-motion picture pro I would also like to add, Mr. Speaker, Asian-American communities from the ducing capability. For example, the U.S. that this problem has become so complex benefits of this act-despite the fact that Air Force produces 97 percent of its au that there can be no easy answers. At schools in Asian American communities dio-visual materials itself; the Depart the present time, the Telecommunica are in desperate need of Federal assist ment of Justice produces 76 percent of its tions Ofiice, in conjunction with the ance. material "in-house." Thus, Mr .Speaker, Ofiice of Management and Budget, is Fortunately, the Congress corrected while these Government agencies are undertaking an exhaustive study of this this oversight, and allowed Federal funds manufacturing film-related materials entire matter. I am looking hopefully to to aid the schools in the Asian-American within their own department, with their the completion of this research project, own nonunion, nonprofessional person so that, with a deeper understanding of community. the problems involved in governmental Asian American youth are attempting nel, the southern California film i~dus try remains floundering in depression. audiovisual production, we may work to help other youths by developing self toward even more enlightened answers. help centers, but they certainly cannot I feel, Mr. Speaker, that the Federal solve problems of this magnitude without Government must now begin to make a concerted effort to utilize the private assistance. segment of the film industry, for a variety CHARLm HALLECK HONORED BY CONCLUSION of reasons. Not only will it help the ail INDIANA NATIONAL GUARD Only Federal action can begin to in ing industry, but it will also have benefi vestigate, isolate, and rectify the many cial results for the Government. Pres HON. MELVIN PRICE inequities and problems relating to the ently, even though we are spending OF ILLINOIS Asian American population. millions of dollars on film-related enter IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In order to direct Federal action to the prises, there is a tremendous ~mount of special needs and problems in the Asian waste duplicity of effort, and httle orga Thursday, February 22, 1973 American community, Congressman nizati~n . The Federal Government is the Mr. PRICE of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, MATSUNAGA and I have reintroduced H.R. largest single producer of film in the one of the best known and highly re 261 a bill which would create a mean country. If only, the private sector was spected former Members, Charlie Hal ingful and effective Cabinet Committee used more extensively by the Govern leck of Indiana, was recently honored by for Asian American Affairs. ment the film production process would the Indiana National Guard in cere undoubtedly be made more efficient. For This proposal would establish a high monies marking the opening of a new example, currently, there is no attempt armory in his home town of Rensselaer. level committee with the specific task to standardize equipment within the var Highlight of the ceremony was the of identifying the problems of Asian ious Government agencies. dedication of the drill hall to our former Americans, developing solutions to those Many of the agencies use video tape colleague. problems and correcting the injustices that is not compatible with major net A bronze plaque was unveiled, bearing that pres~ntly confront the Americans of work machines, or even with other ma a bas-relief likeness of Charlie and the Asian ancestry. chines in their own department. Some following inscription: February 221 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5243 This hall ls gratefully dedicated to Charles who gave me a heritage surpassed by none. Previous to the dedication ceremonies, a Abraham Halleck in honor and tribute to a Raised in Rensselaer and educated in its pub luncheon honoring Congressman Halleck was great hoosier statesman, scholar and loyal lic schools by able and dedicated teachers. given by the State of Indiana Mllitary De citizen-soldier, in recognition of his out Given rewarding and honorable work by Al! partment at Curtis Creek Country Club. standing service and leadership to the state Donnelly o! the Globe Onion Farm where the The new armory was completed on Novem of IndiQ.D.a. and the nation as a member of pay was small but where juvenile delinquency ber 10 by the general contractor, Larson Dan the United States Congress, where he served did not exist-by Leslie Clark and Gen. ielson Construction company of LaPorte. Ar longer than any hoosier in history-and for George Healey of the Rensselaer Republican, chitect and engineer was Fleck, Burkhart, his consistent support of an always ready delivering the paper in the northwest part of Shropshire, Boots and Reid Associates, In national guard. town, teaching me the absolute necessity of dianapolis. Representatives of both firms Be it recorded for posterity: This eminent responsibllity and enabling me to pay Charlie were at the dedicatton. son of Indiana has given a lifetime of singu Steward for my first bicycle by dutifully tak The new building, located east of Rensse lar service to the cause of America's free ing to him on every Saturday my 60¢ until laer on State Highway 114 south of the Rens dom, never wavering in his devotion to duty. my bike was paid for, a.gain teaching me re selaer Central High School is the most mod sponsib111ty and the joy of reward from hon ern building of its type, containing three air Mr. Speaker, let me say that as one est work-by Wils Harris in the creamery, by conditioned classroolllS and offices, an air who worked with Charles Halleck to surveyor Bostwick, by August Bennema and conditioned library, kitchen, supply and stor establish the Committee on Standards Blll Babcock on his dredge, where I learned, age roolllS, arlllS vault and locker room. of Official Conduct, I concur completely working nights in Barkley Township that you Out of town guests at the dedication in with the tribute paid to him by the could survive on fat salt pork with gravy on cluded Dan Danielson of Larson-Danielson Indiana National Guard. bread-and by others, too, all of which made Construction, Max Boots, Len Wolfson, repre it possible for me to earn and save much of senting the architect and engineer, Theodore May I also add that he is enjoying his the money which paid for my higher educa L. Sendak, attorney general of Indiana and retirement, trying to outwit fish in lakes tion at our great Indiana University. retired colonel USA reserve, Colonel Jack P. and streams here and there, and hoping "Add to all this the teaching by my church Money, member state armory board, Col. Jud to avoid baited fields when he hunts for of the eternal verity of Christian principles, son H. West, member state armory board, doves. the rugged and bulldog tenacity taught me Robert G. Allett, former asssitant to Con Under leave to extend my remarks, by football and the upright character of my gressman Halleck, Fred Heckman, WIBC I off er a press report of the dedication coach, Floyd Meyers, clients who sometimes Radio, Dr. Harold J. Halleck and Mrs. Halleck ceremony honoring our former colleague, could and did pay when I came back to of Winamac, Brig. Gen. Robert M. Leich, Col. Rensselaer to practice law, and then by the Morris Foist, John Marsh and Walter Ro which contains his remarks-so typically unflagging and loyal support of voters who orda, DeMotte. down-to-earth-that we who know him supported me in politics, first for Prosecuting would expect: Attorney, and then, in a wider field, for Rep DEDICATE ARMORY SATURDAY; DRn..L RoOM resentative in Congress. Often I have said "HALLECK HALL" that no man can do much in Congress with RARICK REPORTS TO HIS PEOPLE The new Army National Guard Armory at out the support of his people back home. "Now, more particularly for this ')Ccas !.on ON CUTS IN THE RURAL ENvmON Rensselaer was dedicated Saturday~ digni MENTAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM taries representing local, state and national I must recall the great nature for me of learn military departments honored former con ing the discipline of the manual of arms and gressman Charles A. Halleck by naming the close-order drill with old Company M undP-r HON. JOHN R. RARICK drill hall in the facility in his name, and un the captaincy of Herman Tuteur and the velling a bronze plaque commemorating the drilling by that old master, Martin Sauser, OJ' LOUISIANA event. all while I was too young to really belong to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The dedication climaxed many years of the Company. That early training stood me Thursday, February 22, 1973 planning for the replacement of the old Na in good stead during my short stint in the tional Guard Armory building located at the U.S. Army during WWI and later in the Re Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, on one of corner of Cullen and Harrison streets in serve Officer Training Corps at Indiana Uni my recent television reports to my con downtown Rensselaer, and which was com versity when I acquired a Reserve commis stituents, I was pleased to have as my pleted about 1930. Previous to this location, sion in 1922 which I maintained for many guest, J. Phil Campbell, Under Secretary the local National Guard had held their meet years. ings on the second floor of the old Wrights "Through the years some honors have come of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Furniture store, (which was destroyed by my way but none more deeply and sincerely The farmers in other parts of the coun fire) at the corner of Washington and Front appreciated than this one today, here in my try should find Mr. Campbell's remarks streets. hometown. You know, Rensselaer was our of interest. I insert the following tran Dr. Theodore C. Marrs, deputy assistant home, has always been our home and will script of the program: secretary of Defense (Reserve Affairs), gave always be our home, Blanche and I love Rens selaer, Jasper county and Indiana. We are and TRANSCRIPT OF PROGRAM the dedication address. He prefaced his re My correspondence has been running very marks by reading congratulatory letters on always have been proud to say, "We are Hoos iers." heavy on the subject of budgetary cuts by the naming of Halleck Hall from distin the Office of Management and Budget of the guished people unable to attend the cere "And so to the Indiana National Guard, to you members of the Armory Board and to Executive Branch at least on several agricul mony, and including one from President and tural progralllS which were passed by Con Mrs. Nixon. all who ha\'e made this day possible, I say, thank you.'' gress and signed into law by the President. Dr. Marrs briefly traced the history of the To date most of this correspondence deal8 National Guard, and noted that its path was Master of ceremonies for the dedication ceremony was Brigadier General Kenneth E. with the REA cut back and the REA pro not always smooth. The Guard, he said, is gram-Rural E;:nvironmental Assistance Pro a vital part of the total force approach and Keene (retired), a member of the State Armory Board. Captain Robert 0. Jackson, gram, REAP which was discontinued. Other is the initial and primary force along with affected farm progralllS which were appar the reserves which is called upon and 1B vice president of the State Armory Board pre sented the keys to the building to the State ently lacking public outcry to date were the ready in the event of emergency. newly passed Rural Development Program Dr. Marrs said that the National Guard is Adjutant General, Brigadier General Alfred F. Ahner who made the charge to the unit and the Disaster Loan Program which has adding to its equipment, which is now show been of great assistance to farmers of our ing overall a net increase of about $500 mil and in turn presented the keys to Brigadier General Robert G. Moorhead, commander of area following hurricanes. lion a year. He said that the Rensselaer As your Congressman and as a member of armory is a part of the community, and it is the 38th Int. Division. Lt. Charles L. Van Hyfte, commander Det. l, Co. B, accepted the the Agriculture Committee, I have written at the service of all the people when not to the President urging that, not withstand being used for training purposes. (A Jaycee keys on behalf of the local unit. Other participants in the dedication cere ing the recommendations of OMB, he re sponsored dance was held in conjunction instate funding of these programs at least at with the National Guard on Saturday eve mony were Mayo11 Emmett Eger of Rensselaer ning.) (who presented Mrs. Halleck with a bouquet budgeted level. I have also answered your Following Dr. Marrs address, the main of roses for the occasion), the Rev. James Hil letters and wires giving whatever informa lights in the drill hall were turned out and ton of Rensselaer Christian church, who gave tion is available as to the chance of regain a bronze plaque proclaiming Halleck Hall was the invocation and the Rev. Fr. Richard Rei ing these federal fundings and what the unveiled and spotlighted. del, pastor, St. Augustine Catholic church, !uture looks like for agriculture in our area. In his response, former congressman who gave the benediction. The Rensselaer The federal role in agriculture is vitally im Charles Halleck reminisced a bit about his Central High School band under the direc- portant to assure the American people a boyhood and had this to say: tion of Michael J. Marquess, entertained be readily available food supply at reasonable "A long time a.go someone said, "A prophet fore the program and played the National prices, and I feel that this can only be done ls not without honor save in his own land." Anthem. Wives of guard unit members served by conserving our :rood producing lands and Surely that cannot be said of me. refreshments following the ceremonies. A aiding our farmers and rural citizens. So "Born in DeMotte of wonderful parents cCi>lor guard from Co. B. posted the colors. that our farmers and those of you who have 5244 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973 expressed concern over the cuts in federal tlon of a repeat during this next 1973 season. have as much red ink on our books and we spending in the agricultural sector might So the amount of money that has been cut reduce the in:fl.atlonary pressures. And no one have a better opportunity to hear first-hand is rather small when you look at the in ls hurt by in:fl.ation more than the farmer. explanations of what is going on in Washing come--the total amounts to $140 million out RARICK. And the present program ls on a ton and what is developing as a power of $65 billion gross income. And for the State guaranteed . . . struggle between the President and the Con of Louisiana it actually amounts to $2.9 CAMPBELL. The guaranteed loan basis rather gress, I have invited the Honorable J. Phil million when spread back out into your coun than the direct loan allowance. And as I say Campbell, who is Under Secretary of the U.S. ties and then back to the farm. It really this relates in the same way to the Farm Department of Agriculture, to appear as my reduces down to an average payment for Credit Administration who also go to the guest today. Secretary Campbell has graci farmer participating to $239 with only 20% money markets in New York for the produc ously accepted and agreed to questioning of the farmers participating in any one given tion credit money and Federal Land Bank relating to the cuts in funding for the vari year and that 20 % tending to be the same money. And the REA cooperatives own a fi ous agricultural programs. 20 % the next year. So we have a program nancing set up of their own wherein they're Mr. Campbell ls from Georgia, where he that is on a low priority list when it comes beginning to generate their own capital. was formerly State Commissioner of Agri to the welfare and the well being of the Also, the bank of co-operatives of the Farm culture and ls now entering his fifth year of farmers. We feel as though they will carry Credit Administration has begun to make service with the U. S. Department of Agri out these conserving practices to build up loans so the REAs have more sources of culture. He is therefore most knowledgeable their soil without this small payment. Very money than they've had before, in addition of the inner workings of his department in frankly, I must say that when I was a dairy to private sources they might use such as presenting the executive's views of what is man in the Georgia State Legislature I ceased insurance companies and local banks. taking place in government. participating in this program although I RARICK. Has the Administration or the Mr. Secretary, I certainly want to welcome needed the money as much as anyone but Department changed its thinking on the REA you into the homes of Louisianians. I am in I frankly was too busy to go to the court Elect ric Bank concept which was defeated in deed happy that you have scheduled the ttm:e house as many times as necessary to partici Congress several years back. to appear in person to talk to our farmers and pate in the program. And it's a good program CAMPBELL. Yes, instead of the bank which rural citizens about problems which concern but it's on a low priority when you look a:& was promoted by the REA's they came along them--especially the various cutoffs of federal the total complexion of what's good for the with this co-operative lending service that funds in agriculture. welfare of the farmers. This is a cut, I must they put together themselves, "in house" so And so, bypassing any constitutional ques admit it. to speak and it now is lending, I actually tions posed, let me read a letter typical of RARICK. Mr. Secretary, another one of the have the figures here--$94 million this year. what I am receiving from constituents ex cutbacks generating considerable mail from They've been in operation for ~ years and plaining concern over the agriculture cutoffs. my constituency ls regarding the REA action. this is in leiu of the bank which did not This letter came from a gentleman with The main concern seems to be stopping the pass Congress. But as a result of not passing a Soll and Water Conservation Committee 2% money and granting them loans in the bank which they desired they did form in my district. He indicates dissatisfaction stead-guaranteed loans, under the Rural this co-operative CFC, in addition to the at the REAP cutoff by saying that the land Development Program. Would you comment money that we guarantee to them through users in Louisiana lean heavily on REAP; on this change? guaranteed loans. that is the Rural Environmental Assistance CAMPBELL. Yes, I'd be happy to comment RARICK. It is safe then for our listeners to Program funds for conservation work. Soil on the REA situation. As I mentioned a assume that the REA funding has not been and Conservation districts fully support moment ago, I began farming when I had cut off, or cut back. In fact, as you say, they REAP and feel that the program should be no electricity and I farmed back in Georgia. have more funding available under the pres continued. Mr. Secretary, what ls the reason My homeplace ls on REA and no one appre ent program than previously? ing behind the Administration's position on ciates electricity more than I. And I must CAMPBELL. $714 million this :fl.seal year as REAP? say that if the people out in the country compared to an average of $350 million for CAMPBELL. Congressman Rarick, let me first fully realized what we've done I feel as the past 15 years. thank you for inviting me to appear briefly though they will accept what we've done. I RARICK. Mr. Secretary, another inquiry I to discuss these so called cuts with your like to relate REA to the Farm Credit Ad have received relates to the stopping of dis constituency in the State of Louisiana. I ministration. These both began about the aster loans. would like to add one further word to what same time. The Farm Credit Administration CAMPBELL. We have been in a very difficult you said about me personally in introducing has been able, through the years, to become situation here. We had operated a disaster me. I would like to say that before being totally independent of the government. I'm loan program to the farmers in the magni Commissioner of Agriculture in Georgia, I talking about the Federal Land Bank Pro tude of $75 to $125 million each year with was a small dairy-cotton farmer in the north duction Credit Association. They no longer 25% to 40% of the counties of the United Georgia hills where it's much harder to make even have their offices in the United States States being declared disaster by the Secre a living than down in south Georgia which ls Department of Agriculture. They've left us tary of the Agriculture. However, with the farmer's paradise and the most cows I milked and they've gotten into one of the new build Agnes legislation and the expansion of a for was 29 and the most cotton I ever planted ings overlooking the Potomac down here giveness feature to forgive ... $5,000 of each was 28 acres. So, with that background, within sight of the Capitol, completely inde loan, this ran us out the window on dollar starting in the days before we had an REA pendent of the government. The quicker the volume. This was going to approach $1 bil when I used to have to haul milk to town, REAs, and I'm speaking as a farmer on the lion forgiveness money this year and it was went to college by lamplight and when we line now, also become independent of the going to stretch the credibility of farmers didn't have a Production Credit Association government, the better off the REA wll1 be. with the American public and frankly with which would help us with credit, I wish the And they will cease to have the criticism that the Congress too. The Secretary took the ac farmers to know that I truly do feel as ls thrown at them from so many difi'erent tion of closing out the forgiveness. We still though I understand the problems right on quarters and from so many difi'erent circles. make FHA loans to farmers who need the the land because I came from the fa.rm-end But actually we have not cut the amount of money and we have all the money available of the Commissioner's Office and then on money available to the REA's. In the last necessary to make a regular FHA loan. All into Washington. four years, we in this Administration have we've done !s pull out the forgiveness fea But in so far as REAP is concerned, let doubled the amount of money. For almost ture. me first state that President Nixon ls mak ten years the REA's have averaged about RARICK. In other words, our farm people ing every effort to prevent a tax rise at the $350 million per year for loans to local co have the same disaster program except it's federal level and to keep federal spending operatives. We have increased this total a loan without any forgiveness on money within the bounds of reason and not have amount of money available in this adminis loaned? budget this :fl.seal year that will go beyond tration including this latest action to over CAMPBELL. That's correct, yes. Because we $260 billion of spending. As a result, he is $700 million with a $200 m1llion increase with found people that never farmed really who carrying out cuts across the entire federal this most recent action by the Office of Man were out in the country classi:fl.ed as farmers, government not just in Agriculture. In agement and Budget. But in the process we many who were millionarles getting this Health, Education and Welfare, in HUD, in have restructured the places where the $5,000 who owned race horses. Defense Department, in OEO, many of which money comes from and also the amount of RARICK. Mr. Secretary, our time is rapidly the farmers would very much approve, Mr. interest that the local co-ops have to pay expiring but I have had inquiries from the Congressman, there are many of these pro raising 1t from the 2% to the 5%. Well, I dairy people in our district with regards to grams that I know the rural people look with persona.Uy . . . the residing cost of feed grain and the cor disfavor on. On the other hand, since we're RARICK. Where, Mr. Secretary, would they responding increase in the cost of operation going to have cuts throughout the federal get the money? and the price of milk. The dairy farmers government, Agriculture must take its part CAMPBELL. The money will be . . . comes want to know what will be done to balance somewhere. Very frankly, the REAP program from the money markets in New York the out either the price of the feed grain that has been an extremely excellent program in same as the Farm Credit Administration in they must feed the cattle or to increase the the 30's and 40's, in its early days. It ls still stead of directly out of the Federal Treasury price of milk. Would you ... a good program but on the lower end of which adds to the in:fl.ation by increasing the CAMPBELL. Well, unfortunately, there ts priorities with regard to federal expenditures national debt and the national red ink. When very little at the present moment that can when looking after the welfare of the farm we go to guaranteed loans instead of direct be done about the price of feed grains be ers which this last year was $19 billion dol Treasury this is not charged back against the cause we had bad harvesting weather for lars setting an all time high with antlclpa- Treasury and as a consequence we do not soybeans and corn in that belt and it slowed ', February 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5245 down and a 10% shortage escalates the price stores in Green Bay and Marinette, Wiscon USDA in support of the Michigan Depart upward although we already had a somewhat sin; five in Findlay, eight in Lima., Ohio. ment of Agriculture position are educated short supply. The only answer that I know "The Michigan samples came from four consumers. They have the facts, and I think is for the farmers to see if they can sub Benton Harbor area. stores, two in Taylor, they understand the issue. I don't believe stitute other types of feed for the high priced three in Ka.la.ma.zoo, one in Menominee, and they can be misled by such tactics." concentrate and go more into roughage and one in Ea.st Lansing," Ball reported. pasture in order to get through this situa "Price distortions designed to alarm and tion. It should correct itself next harvest mislead consumers cannot be allowed to go time. unchallenged. USDA has released information FOOD PRICE EMERGENCY RARICK. Thank you very much Mr. Phil which indicates consumers are writing to ask Campbell, Under Secretary of Agriculture for that these unsavory by-products, illegal in being our guest today for explanations to our Michigan, be permitted. These consumers HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL Louisiana. viewers on problems affecting U.S. mistakenly believe this will insure lower' OF NEW YORK Agriculture. prices. "Not true-and don't you believe a word of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it," Ball declared. "Our survey shows you can Thursday, February 22, 1973 MICfilGAN HOT DOG PRICES have comminua.ted meats made with pure skeletal meat only, without increasing prices. Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, food "Our opponents are spoon-feeding false in prices are continuing their undeterred HON. LUCIEN N. NEDZI formation to the public in a futile attempt to rise to astronomical levels while the OF MICHIGAN win through distortion and innuendo what President once again assures us they will IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES they can't win in the courts and the Con be leveling out by the end of the year. gress. I :find that contemptible," he said. Thursday, February 22, 1973 "Here's what's really happening to prices. We are now in the fifth year of such Our inspectors bought Serve 'n Save hot dogs, promises from the administration and Mr. NEDZI. Mr. Speaker, the State of packed by Inter-American Foods, Inc., of there is still no relief in sight, but Mr. Michigan is proud to maintain higher Cincinnati, Ohio, at a Kroger store in Taylor, Nixon still refuses to put any controls standards than the Federal regulations Michigan. The hot dogs were made to Mich on food prices. on hot dogs and sausages. igan's strict standards, and the price was Such inaction in the face of the Na An up-to-date survey conducted by the 69 cents a pound. tion's food price emergency may be the Michigan Department of Agriculture re "Serve 'n Save hot dogs, made by the same company, were also being sold in the Kroger most incredible dereliction of duty by veals that prices for hot dogs made to an administration in recent history. the State's strict standards averaged 2 store at South Bend, Indiana.. But these hot dogs contained beef lips, pork stomachs, If the administration will not act, the cents a pound cheaper than hot dogs beef tripe, pork spleens, and cereal (all mega.I Congress must. Therefore, Mr. Speaker, containing animal byproducts such as in Michigan) and the price was 89 cents a I plan'to introduce legislation to make it tripe, beef lips, salivary glands, and oth pound. illegal for retailers and wholesalers to er offal. "Exactly the same product, ma.de by the set food prices which do not bear a direct The point is that the use of animal same company, was available in a Kroger and reasonable relation to food prices. byproducts results in poorer quality store in Harvey, Illinois. It contained all the Data from the Bureau of Labor Sta while achieving no price saving. Michi by-products, and a.gain the price was 89 cents .a pound." tistics and Department of Agriculture gan's quality manufacturers better serve Ball cited another example: show that retail food prices-particu consumers in both regards, product and Serve 'n Save bologna, manufactured by larly for meat-frequently rise at a much price. Inter-American Foods, Inc., of Cincinnati, quicker pace than farm prices and fall at My constituents probably produce and Ohio: a much slower rate when producer prices consume more and better sausages than Made to Michigan standards and purchased decline. An analysis of data on beef any area in the country. The so-called at Kroger's in Ea.st Lansing, price 89 cents a prices reveals that from November 1971 hot dog war is, justifiably, a serious mat pound. Made to federal standards and containing to November 1972 the price spread be ter with them. beef lips, pork stomachs, beef tripe, pork tween producers and retailers had in Under leave to extend my remarks in spleens, and cereal (all illegal in Michigan), creased almost 35 percent, from 33.9 the RECORD, a press release in this mat purchased at Kroger's in Lima, Ohio for 89 cents a pound to 45.7 cents. ter, issued by the Michigan Department cents a pound, and purchased at Kroger's During 1972 beef prices could be di of Agriculture, follows: in Harvey, Illinois, for 89 cents a pound. vided into four cyclic periods when prices CONSUMER PROTECTIO?T NEWS "Consumers aren't stupid. Any housewife, were either increasing or decreasing at B. Dale Ball, director of the Michigan De given the facts of this case, can figure it out for herself. Comminuted meats containing retail: partment of Agriculture, today branded as During the 13-week period from No "false and misleading" the claims by oppo all that offal are selling for just as high nents in the hot dog war that comminuted prices, or higher, than comminuted meats vember 20, 1971, through February 12, meat products made to Michigan standards ma.de to Michigan's stricter standards," the 1972, producer prices increased 5.9 cents cost more than those which contain animal director continued. while retail prices rose 10.1 cents; by-products. "Some of the big national packers have During the 8-week period from Febru Ball based his charge on information ob made noises about how they don't really use ary 12 to April 8, 1972, producer prices tained last weekend in a. two-day survey of all those undesirable animal by-products. fell 7.3 cents while retail prices fell only comminuated meat products and prices in And that's a. lot of baloney. "In Harvey, Illinois, you can buy hot dogs 2.3 cents; 58 stores in Michigan and neighborhood During the 13-week period from April states: that contain beef lips, beef tripe, pork "Our inspectors found that prices for hot salivary glands, lymph nodes and fat, and 8 to July 8, 1972-a period when the dogs made to Michigan's strict standards soy protein concentrate. That's what it says Secretary of the Treasury encouraged re were actually averaging two cents a pound right on the label and the price is 89.5 cents tailers to reduce margins and the Price cheaper than for those containing animal per pound. That's a pretty high price for Commission held hearings into high meat by-products, such as tripe, beef lips, pork offal. I know you can buy it--our inspector prices-producer prices increased 10.1 stomachs and other offal. Average price for did, just last Friday, and we have the sample. cents while retail prices declined only hot do~s made to Michigan standards and "I am shocked that USDA chose to release containing only pure skeletal meat was 87.1 information on its proposed administrative 3.5 cents. cents per pound. Average price in neighbor rule change before the February 21 deadline This data shows that some food re ing states for hot dogs containing animal for filing responses. I can't recall another tailers maintain artificially high food by-products was 89.2 cents per pound. time when such information was released be prices by exploiting price fluctuations "Our survey was designed to avoid any fore all the comments had been received. at the farm level and not passing along stores which had special sales, and it covered "It looks to me as though USDA was send price decreases to consumers. But no comparable stores in cities of comparable ing up a trial balloon, suspiciously like a hot one link in the food marketing system is size," Ball said, "so our comparisons are dog made to federal standards-stuffed with wholly responsible for our inflated food valid." unsavory ingredients, listed in fine print,'' A total of 47 stores in Indiana., Illinois, Ball said. bills. Wisconsin and Ohio were visited, along with "USDA has been reported as stating that I am not charging food retailers and 11 in Michigan: about half the letters received support the wholesalers with profiteering, but I do "Inspectors brought back samples from five use of such by-products. If it's true, consum wish to point out that with the manipu stores 1n Gary, four in South Bend, Indiana; ers who take that position are not fully and lation inherent in today's food merchan eight suburban Chicago stores-in Harvey, accurately informed a.bout the subject. dising, there is an ever decreasing rela Riverdale and Calumet Park, Illinois; 17 "Michigan consumers who are writing to tionship between the price a farmer re- 5246 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973 ceives for his products and the price a was a part of a much more expensive mulate policies and standards therefor; consumer pays at the supermarket. Su spending package. help formulate national telecommunica permarket pricing practices--including With the basic authorizing legislation tions policies, and assure that the execu the juggling of profit margins and the having expired at the end of 1972, it is tive branch views are effectively pre use of "specials" and "loss leaders" imperative that Congress act quickly to sented to the Congress and the Federal have effectively repealed the laws of sup adopt reauthorizing legislation which Communications Commission on tele ply and demand and dictate the eating improves and expands programs serving communications policy. habits of millions of Americans. senior citizens. I do not believe, Mr. Now that we have seen a sample of its The January consumer price index for Speaker, that older Americans would be work, the question which immediately food is only a preview of things to come. well served by further delay resulting comes to mind is why the American tax The December 1972 and January 1973 from the growing feud between Con payer should continue to support an or wholesale price index for food-5.2 gress and the President over congres ganization whose apparent true purpose and 3.3 percent, respectively, will sional responsibility and the limits of ex is to destroy the freedom of our national not be felt at the supermarket for a ecutive power. Rather, it would be better broadcast media. month or two. Between February 1972 for all concerned if Congress were to At the present time, Mr. Whitehead's and February 1973, wholesale prices in act immediately on those provisions of office staff totals 65. We are paying 60 New York City for flour have increased the older Americans legislation on which percent of these people salaries in ex 26.3 percent; coffee prices 36.4 percent; a broad consensus of agreement already cess of $20,000 a year. At least five are eggs 52.7 percent; chicken 40.4 percent; exists. receiving $36,000. Apparently, attacking pork 37 percent, and beef 15.2 percent. To this end, Congress should enact with the media requires a large and very well Increases in the cost of chicken and no further delay those sections of the paid staff. eggs can be traced in large part to the legislation on which the agreement of Even more interesting in this present United States-Soviet grain deal which both Congress and the President is likely. era of impoundment and budget auster helped increase the wholesale price of I am therefore proposing today legisla ity is the Office of Telecommunications soy bean meal 163 percent between tion in the same form agreed to by the Policy's budget. This Office is to enjoy February 1972 and February 1973. House on July 17, 1972. This proposed a 10-percent increase in its budget au Wheat, corn, and barley prices during legislation does not contain those sec thority for next year while many do this same period increased approxi tions added by the Senate, some of which mestic programs must face severe cut mately 35 percent, which accounts for the President objected to in his veto mes backs. the higher retail prices of hogs and sage last October 30. The sections to Perhaps the $3.27 million for this Of steers. • which the President specifically objected fice could better be used to help prevent The dollar devaluation on February would have established a community a hike in medicare costs for the elderly 15 greatly increased the foreign demand service corps for older Americans and or ease the cutback in education for the and, hence, the domestic price for many manpower training programs for both handicapped or help save the commu U.S. food commodities. Since February middle-aged and elderly workers. nity mental health program. 15, wheat prices are up 9.3 percent; corn, While I endorse the intent of those two This year Congress must take the lead is up 7.2 percent; soy beans 5 percent; programs, their inclusion in the final in reshaping our national priorities. As pork bellies 7 .9 percent; grade A version of the older Americans legisla we go about this task, let us take a good chicken 3.8 percent; hogs 2.3 percent; tion is likely to bring a veto, delaying look at the costs and the benefits of the beef 3.1 percent; Maine potatoes 8.2 even further extension and improvement President's Office of Telecommunica percent; and eggs 5.5 percent. of these vital programs. Congress would tions Policy. Consumers are no longer interested in be much wiser and our elderly constitu the Nixon administration's rhetoric of ents would be much better served if the "promise but not performance" in the sections which are the focus of disagree food price area. The USDA's stewardship ment were considered separately by the VETERANS' PENSIONS of the Nation's food supply and the ad Congress in the broader context of man ministration's handling of the economy power planning and the President's spe HON. BOB WILSON have been catastrophic. Congress must cial manpower revenue sharing proposal. face up to this challenge even if the ad Therefore, Mr. Speaker, I offer this leg OF CALIFORNIA ministration is unwilling to. Two things islation as a reasonable and necessary IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES must be done immediately: partial solution to the problem. If this Thursday, February 22, 1973 First. The Meat Import Quota Act proposal is quickly adopted by Congress. Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, I am which limits the importation of foreign elderly Americans' programs will not be today introducing two veterans' pension beef-must be repealed, not simply sus held hostage in the growing split between bills. I am certain that all of us have pended; and Congress and the Executive. received mail from veterans and their Second. Reasonable price restraints widows regarding the reduction in their must be placed on products at the farm pension checks as a result of the 20 per level. GOVERNMENT WASTE AND THE OF cent increase in social security benefits Along with 32 of my colleagues, I have last fall. To the elderly pensioner this already introduced legislation to abolish FICE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY reduction is often of critical importance the meat quota law (H.R. 1664) and to and many cannot understand how it is refreeze meat prices at November 1972 possible for the Government to give with levels (H.R. 1662). HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN one hand, while taking away with the OF FLORIDA other. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Late in the 92d Congress, the Senate LEGISLATION TO ASSIST OLDER approved legislation to increase the earn AMERICANS Thursday, February 22, 1973 ings limitation for old and new law Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, we are pensioners and parents receiving De HON. H. JOHN HEINZ III all aware of the recent remarks by Mr. pendency and Indemnity Compensation, Clay Whitehead, Director of the Presi but the House did not consider this pro OF PENNSYLVANIA dent's Office of Telecommunications posal prior to adjournment. I am today IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Policy. Senator ERVIN has characterized introducing legislation identical to the Thursday, February 22, 1973 Mr. Whitehead's proposal as a thinly Senate bill. Congress should give this Mr. HEINZ. Mr. Speaker, as a Mem veiled attempt to create governmental legislation priority attention and I re ber of Congress who worked on behalf censorship over broadcast journalism. spectfully call upon the chairmen of the of and voted for last year's comprehen Before Mr. Whitehead's speech, no one House and Senate Veterans' Affairs Com sive older American services amend had ever heard of the Office of Telecom mittees to schedule hearings as soon as ments, I was most disappointed last Oc munications Policy. It was created in possible. tober 30, when President Nixon was 1970 to serve as the President's princi In addition, I have reintroduced my forced to veto this legislation because it pal adviser on telecommunications, for- bill from the 92d Congress dealing with February 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5247 the special needs of World War I veter That response did not satisfy Reps. Henry [From the Louisville (Ky.) Courier-Journal ans. This bill would provide $135 per Reuss, D-Wis., and Gay Vander Jagt, R-Mich., and Times, Feb. 15, 1973] chairman and ranking Republican, respec- STRIP MINE BILL To BE OFFERED BY NIXON month for unmarried veterans and $150 tively, of the House Conservation and Natural Is Too WEAK, ENVIRONMENTAL CHIEF SAYS per month for married veterans, com Resources Subcommittee. (By Ward Sinclair) pared to the present $78.78 for old la~ They instructed GAO, the congressional WASHINGTON.-The White House is about pensioners. Widows covered by the bill fiscal watchdog agency, to keep watching In- to send strip mine control legislation to Con would receive $100 per month, nearly terior and to find out if the department's re- gress but the federal environmental czar, double the present $50.40. The income sponsesGAO did held just water. that and yesterday Reuss and Wllliam D. Ruckelshaus, says it is not nearly limitation for old law pensioners would f d thi gs strong enough. be increased to $3,000 for single veterans Vander Jagt reported that GA0 oun n In a Jan. 31 letter to the Oflice of Manage- just as bad the second time around as it had ) R k 1 h "d and $4 200 for married veterans, an in the first--and contrary to Interior's clalm, its ment and Budget (OMB , uc es a.us sa.1 crease ~f $800 and $700 respectively. ll the Nixon admintstration's strip-mlne-con Those who served in World War II and regulations "are a long way from being fu y trol bill last year did not get serious con- implemented." sideration in Congress because of its short- subsequent conflicts have been provided RUCKELSHAUS ALSO CRITICAL comings. additional Government aid in terms of What is involved is an estimated 1.6 million The new bill, he predicted, faces the same education, home-loans, and so forth acres of public land on which coal explora- fate "if we fall to take a stronger stance which were not available to the veterans tion or mining leases have been granted to than that which was taken in the earlier of World War I. These GI bill benefits private firms and some 700,000 acres of Indian proposal. A strong administration position have made a major contribution toward land under exploration or mining permits. will demonstrate our commitment to solving helping these former servicemen make In this second round of debate over the this problem which is so highly visible." their way in the civilian world. The re government's handling of public lands, Reuss (The New York Times Service reported turnees of 1918 had no such programs; a.nd Vander Jagt brought in a new ally who yesterday that the administration bill-which joined in the criticism-William D. Ruckels- "does not appear to be as strong as the one however, and I feel it is only fitting to ha.us, administrator of the Environmental ignored by Congress in 1972"-is expected to provide some additional measure of fi Protection Agency (EPA). be introduced in Congress today with Presi- nancial security in their last years. Many In a letter to the subcommittee, Ruckels- dent Nixon's special message on natural of these elderly veterans exist on the ha.us said he thinks Interior's "major prob- resources and the environment.) fringe of poverty and privation. The extra lems" stem from "a la.ck in its mineral Ruckelshaus, administrator of the Environ funds and earnings limitation increase programs of personnel trained to perform mental Protection Agency (EPA), said he provided by my bill could make the dif environmental analysis, and absence of a de- was "concerned" with the direction the ad tailed inventory of public lands and re- ministration is moving "as a result of recent ference between financial self-sufficiency sources, and lack of enforcement of environ- OMB-lnteragency staff meetings on these and the necessity to resort to welfare. mental stipulations and restoration require- issues." I urge the House to schedule prompt ments ..." His letter noted that EPA had proposed consideration of both these bills. Reuss and Vander Jagt said that deficien- "extensive revisions" on the pending admln cies cited by IPA, GAO and the Council for istration bill, based in part on what he called Environmental Quality "have not been cor- "several excellent provisions" brought up rected ... Untll adequate steps are taken to during strip-mine hearings in the last session THE NIXON ADMINISTRATION'S correct them, the program will continue to of Congress. be mismanaged and ineffective." Among those recommendations by EPA PROPOSED WEAK SURFACE MIN They added, "Rather than the depart- was one that would have sharply limited ING BILL DESPITE PLEAS OF ment's shrugging off these deficiencies and mountainside stripping of the type that pre ENVffiONMENTAL PROTECTION refuting the GAO's findings, we believe that dominates in the Eastern Kentucky coal AGENCY TO SUBMIT STRONGER the public interest would be better served by fields. EPA proposed limitations on mining BILL its taking immediate and accelerated steps on slopes steeper than 20 degrees. to correct these shortcoming and admlnister The apparent failure of EPA and Ruckel- the program efficiently." shaus to make their voices heard in the inner HON. JOHN D. DINGELL Reuss and Vander Jagt, in a letter to In- circle of the White House came to light yes terior Secretary Rogers C. B. Morton they terday when Rep. John Dingell, D-Mlch., OF MICHIGAN made public yesterday, called for an explana- made public a letter he sent to Russell E. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion of actions taken or contemplated to Train, chairman of the White House Council Thursday, February 22. 1973 tighen up strip-mine administration and to on Environmental Quality. beef up federal funding for enforcement pro- Dingell, an environmental activist in Con- Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, in the grams. gress who is chairman of the House subcom- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of February 21, Interior, in its response to the original mittees on fisheries and wildlife conserva 1973, I inserted remarks noting my con GAO charges, claimed that there had been no tion service, also made public large segments cern with the administration's weak sur specific federal funding for these enforce- of the Ruckelshaus letter to OMB. Dingell ment programs. The two congressmen urged told Train that the administration bill "is face mining bill as being proposed to the Morton to seek full funding in the next fiscal a weak blll that wlll appeal to the mining Congress. year. interests, but not to the public." Today I wish to include, for the benefit They noted that the department, at least He urged Train to pressure the admlnis- of my collegues, newspaper reports on during fiscal years 1970 and 1971, had not tration to abandon the "weak and ineffective this subject from the Louisville, Ky., asked Congress for money to implement the version" drafted largely in the Department Courier-Journal & Times and one such 1969 regulations, even though Congress had of the Interior and support legislation that report from the New York Times. appropriated all money asked for by the Bu- will "effectively prevent further environmen- reau of Land Management. tal damage caused by surface coal mining." The articles follow: The congressmen also were strongly criti- Last year, strip-mining produced more [From the Louisvme (Ky.) Courier-Journal cal of Interior's policy of not permitting than half of the country's coal, with much of & Times, Feb. 14, 1973] public comment on pending permit and lease it mined in states where reclamation and INTERIOR STILL NEGLIGENT ON STRIP MINING, applications and on exploration plans. mining regulations are weak or poorly en- GAO SAYS "The department's position ls unsound," forced. The House passed a strong Federal (By Ward Sinclair) they said. "Public participation should be coal stripping control blll, but the issue died WASHINGTON.-Last August the Genera.I encouraged, not stlfied. There is no justifica- when the Senate failed to act. Accounting Oflice (GAO) made public a tion for the department refusing to estab- Dingell charged in his letter to Train that sea.thing report cha.ging that coal was being lish a procedure which ... affords an oppor- "OMB is listening to the mining interest strip-mined on thousands of acres of public tunity for public comment . · · on each and agencies of Interior and Commerce, but not Ia.nd in violation of Interior Department en every coal permit and lease application." to the environmentally concerned agencies, vironmental and reclamation requirements. Most of the GAO's new criticism was dl- such as EPA ... That is what happened in The culprit, in the eyes of the GAO, was rected toward the Bureau of Land Manage- the last Congress, and as Mr. Ruckelshaus ment, which, it said, had failed to provide noted, the administration's proposal was not the Interior Department itself for fa111ng to adequate environmental safeguards in its given much weight." adequately and in some cases, even mini mally, enforce its own regulation on public enforcement procedures; !ailed to provide an Dingell, sponsor of a strip mine control and Indian lands. environmental impact statement on the over- blll this year, conceded that the adminis For its part, Interior responded that the an coal leasing program; failed to fully ex- tra.tion draft has "some good features," but GAO report was inaccurate; that any short amine mining applications; failed to conduct he said they are outweighed by other fea comings were "clerical" more than "derelic on-site examinations of proposed operations, tures that are weak or of questionable value. tion," and that the regulations a.re "now fully and failed to fully clarify its own regulations He listed a dozen spec11lc criticisms of his implemented." and provide adequate technical guidance. own and then cited seven EPA recommenda- 5248 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973 tions that apparent ly were discarded by the D. Dingell, Democrat of Michigan and chair ing a mined area affected by a mining oper Administraticn. man of a House subcommittee on fish and ation to its original or other similar appro These were some of his points of criticism wildlife conservat ion . priate condition, considering past and pos about the new bill. Mr. Dingell's letter, to Russell E. Train, sible future uses of the area and the sur It scatters government enforcement efforts chairman of the President's Council on En rounding topography, and taking into ac by applying to all minerals, rather than con vironmental Quality, said that Mr. Ruck count environmental, economic and social centrating on coal as did the House-passed elshaus's comments had been largely ignored conditions." bill; it allows two years for states to set up by the bill's drafters. He said that the Ad Critics of this original language said that environmental controls on stripping, with no ministration had produced an "incredible" it was vague and contained a closing "escape interim regulatory procedures. and a "weak" bill "that will appeal to the clause" that made it doubtful, for example, state regulations would not apply to fed mining interests, but not to the public." that strip mine regulators could ever require eral and Indian lands, but there is no ade Without explaining how he had obtained reclamation that might cost $1,000 an acre quate federal enforcement activity or power Mr. Ruckelshaus's memo, which was dated on arid Western land that was valued at only to control mining activity on those lands. Jan. 31, Mr. Dingell quoted him as saying: $30 an acre for grazing. No provisions are included for action if the "I am concerned with the direction in But the final Administration bill inserted federal government falls to approve or reject which the Administration appears to be go another requirement that reclamation also a state plan within the proposed 180-day ing as a result of recent O.M.B. interagency be at "reasonable cost," otherwise undefined. time span, nor are there provisions for public staff meetings on these (strip mine environ The Administration's b111 proposes that participation in review and approval of state mental) issues. It ls clear that Congress wlll Congress give the states two years from the regulations. "Incredible," Dingell called it. again set aside the Administrat ion's bill 1f date of the bill's enactment to adopt t heir Although a federal regulatory program ls we fall to take a stronger stance than that own strip mine regulations if they choose to authorized 1f a state fails, there is no specific which was t a.ken in the earlier [1972] do so. provision for federal action to take over regu proposal. In states that do not act, the Secretary of lation within that state. "A strong Administration position will Commerce would "promptly"-the term is Environmental, economic and social con demonstrate our commitment to solving this undefined-impose direct Federal regulation. ditions are to be taken "into account" in problem, which is so highly visible. This process might consume at least a third rest oring a mined area. Dingell said the pub "This can be accomplished with minimal year. lic interest--not the operator's economics- Federal costs. I urge that the Administra The Administration's bill contains no pro should be the overriding consideration and tion move aggressively to provide the posal for the reclamation of "orphan lands" that economics should be considered before strongest program to deal with this serious the tens of thousands of acres of abandoned, and not after mining starts. environmental problem [the rapid spread of unreclaimed strip mine pits left by earlier, There is no provision for restorin~ aban strip mining] and that full consideration be unregulated mining. Nor does it contain doned mined areas; the citizen is not given given to the points which I have outlined .•• "slope controls"-a prohibition against fu the right to sue violators of federal or state which are detailed in the E.P.A. proposal." ture strip mining on hillsides of greater than, regulations; there is no provision for federal An examination today of the Administra say, 14 or 20 degrees. inspectors to enforce the law, nor is there a tion's proposed bill showed that few, 1f any, Also, there is no prohibition against the provision for damage suits against coal oper of the points pressed by Mr. Ruckelsha.us and abandonment of "high walls,'' the vertical ators who won't comply with the law. by some officials of the Interior Department scar of a strip mine's final cut. Some of the Ruckelshaus-EPA recom and the Appalachian Regional Commission mendations apparently vetoed at the White had survived the budget office's legislative House would have set up regulations "in the pruning. The bill reflected views put for shortest possible time" because a two-year ward vigorously by the Commerce Depart EMERALD CREEK WATERSHED delay is "needlessly long"; set up a series of ment, which were also those of the coal minimum performance criteria for mining mining industry. operations; set up an interim federal control Coal industry spokesmen, who have cited program that would remain in force until a the "energy crisis" and the dollar drain HON. JEROME R. WALDIE state plan was finally approved. entailed in large, emergency purchases of Oi' CALIFORNIA Ruckelshaus also wanted to allow restora foreign oil generating electric power, have tion of abandoned mined areas and he now added to their arguments against strip IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES wanted to require that restoration on new mine reclamation the contention that tough Thursday, February 22, 1973 mining put the land in a condition "at least Federal strip mine controls could drive coal equivalent to its original uses." from the energy market. Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, today I am Carl E. Bagge, president of the National introducing legislation that will provide [From the New York Times, Feb. 15, 1973] Coal Association, recently asserted that over for the protection of the Emerald Creek zealous strip mine regulation could make coal watershed area adjacent to the Redwood NIXON AmEs SAm To DRAFT, WEAKER STRIP mine operators "an endangered species." And National Park in northern California. MINING BILL the Administrations' strip mine b111 appeared Today we are faced with the potential WASHINGTON.-Advocates within the Nixon to reflect this position. Administration of stiff regulation of strip loss of a national heritage, the magni A special energy message to Congress, ex will mining have suffered nearly total defeat pected later from Mr. Nixon, is believed likely tude of which initiate increasingly in their efforts to draft a strong control blll. to advocate a rapid expansion of strip mining, severe repercussions if action is not un Although President Nixon said in a na particularly in such Western states as Mon dertaken on the part of the Congress. tional radio address today that he would re tana., Wyoming and North Dakota. The Ad Emerald Creek is one of the last virgin introduce in Congress this year a proposal ministration's strip mine b111 would not stand redwood watershed areas in our Nation. for the "enlightened regulation of surface in the way of this. It is my hope that the passage of legis and underground mining," the Administra One conservationist charged today that the lation that I am introducing will preserve tion's new strip mine measure does not ap Administration's b111 would hasten Western this area for posterity. pear to be as strong as the one ignored by coal stripping. Louise Dunlap, a spokesman Congress in 1972. The House passed a differ for the Environmental Policy Center, an en Figures on the amount of redwood ent bill, one that was much more restrictive, vironmental lobby, said, "This blll would acreage are misleading, Mr. Speaker. by a vote of 267 to 75 last fall, but the accelerate strip mining in the most sensitive There are approximately 150,000 acres Senate did not act on it. ecological areas." that have been placed under the protec copies of a final draft of the Administra "The coal companies will dJg while the tion of State and Federal control. About tion blll were circulating in Washington to digging is good," she said. "They will move half of this total amount is prime red day, and it is expected to be introduced with first on the land that is most ecologically wood acreage. Because of this, many out significam; change in Congress tomorrow fragile and least capable of reclamation, be contend that we do not need to increase with the President's special message on na cause that's what this b111 would let them do. tural resources and the environment. They know that later, 1f there is a good law, the amount of land that has already one official familiar with the drafting of they could not do it." been incorporated into park areas. Ac the bill, which was controlled by the Office Documents submitted by the represent cording to these people, there is no need of Management and Budget, called the final atives of Government agencies assembled for further concern. Mr. Speaker, I beg Administration proposal "ridiculous." And here in recent weeks at closed meetings of to disagree with them. There is the need it was learned that William D. Ruckelshaus, an O.M.B. panel on the strip mine bill showed for further concern, both in the context administrator of the Environmental Protec that the Commerce Department, through its of the present and the future. In times tion Agency, had warned the budget office general counsel, William N. Letson, had pre two weeks ago that its bill would simply be vailed in making the final draft weaker than such as these where a great amount of "set aside" by Congress. an earlier working version. emphasis is placed upon progress, it is Mr. Ruckelshaus' warning, in a memoran For example, in the O.M.B.'s proposed lan most beneficial to our Nation that its dum to the budget office, was disclosed in a guage in earlier draft versions, "reclamation" people become ecologically aware of the letter released today by Representative John of strip mined areas was defined as "restor- danger of extinction that is increasingly February 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5249 present to the wildlife and natural re nize the intrinsic value to be gained in WHAT'S THE MATTER WITH NOVEMBER 11? sources that abound within our Nation. the preservation of Emerald Creek. Even This year, as last year, "Veterans Day" is Mr. Speaker, if many of our citizens if we, as Members of Congress, Mr. federally recognized as falling on "the fourth Speaker, could not avail ourselves to par Monday in October," which was the 23rd of had become aware of the dangers that October in 1972. Out of respect for the fed occurred because of the lifestyle that was ticipate in the continued preservation of eral recognition, the National Commander prevalent in our Nation, during years Emerald Creek, we should not deny those The American Legion agreed to participate past, we would not have to concern our citizens who have been able to view it in in Oct. 23 observations in Birmingham, Ala., selves with the question that is presented its entirety, including those yet unborn. to which he was kindly invited by Raymond to us today. The contention of many that The preservation of Emerald Creek Weeks, director of Birmingham's Veterans we no longer have need for concern, such and its inclusion into the Redwood Na Day observances. as Emerald Creek over the future areas tional Park would enable the park to ac Let us hope this is the last time that the fourth Monday in October, a perfectly mean would be true if prior selection of areas quire its first natural prairies. If not for ingless date, will be recognized as Veterans to be preserved had been guided by eco any other reason, the inclusion of the Day anywhere. Let us hope that every state, logical considerations. What we have area would provide a wealth of historical and the federal government, will speedily come to see is that little consideration information to many of our citizens. act to restore November 11 as Veterans Day. was given to the natural divisions of Within the area, Mr. Speaker, many for It was on November 11, 1918, that the First watersheds, parks, and wilderness areas. esters have noted the tremendous variety World War ended. These areas, Mr. Speaker, the Congress of vegetation that exists within the Em At 11 a.m. of tb;a.t day (the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month) must correct. erald Creek area. Preliminary measure all fl.ring ceased, following the signing of stone and Associates, a vegetation ments indicate the existence of many the Armistice. Never was the number eleven management consultant firm, was hired near-record redwoods, Douglas-fir, west so firmly stamped on an important moment. by the National Park Service to study ern hemlock, madrone, and tanoak spe Until 1953, this country celebrated Novem the problem of lack of watershed areas. cies. ber 11th as Armistice Day. By then another Their conclusion was that, to achieve It is of the utmost importance that a world war had ended and the Korean cease true preservation of redwoods, total ac moratorium on logging within the area fire had occurred, without the nation mark quisition under ownership of entire be imposed by the Congress. The mora ing in any special way the dates that ended watershed areas was necessary, thereby the hostilities of these savage wars. torium would enable the National Park Business pressures opposed adding two allowing park personnel to carry out the Service to survey the area so as to enact more holidays, so, in 1953, the name of necessary management and the mini lines of demarcation for the new area Armistice Day was changed to Veterans Day, mization of danger to. the park from out scheduled for inclusion into the Red with the declared intent of making the WWl side forces. wood National Park. The Congress has war-end date stand symbolically for the Furthermore, Mr. Speaker, a classic authorized the National Park Service to celebration marking the end of the next two example of the inadequacy of partial purchase up to 4,000 additional acres of wars also. watersheds preserves is the Rockefeller the surrounding areas of the park. This We all know the subsequent sorry history. Forest in the Bull Creek watershed area There was no dollar sign in front of all those has never been done. elevens. Thirty years of pressure by the travel of Humboldt State Redwood Park. In I feel, Mr. Speaker, that it is impera and resort business to create long weekends this park resided some of the finest old tive that we include the Emerald Creek so that it could make more money ended in growth redwoods that have been discov watershed area within the confines of Congress capitulating, to create Monday ered in California. Between the years of the Redwood National Park. The unique holidays out of Washington's Birthday, 1946 and 1955, the privately owned up and irretrievable qualities demand its Memorial Day, Columbus Day and Veterans per slopes of the Bull Creek were cut preservation within the national park Day. And in the juggling, Veterans Day was over in full accordance with the State system. There is little time for action, even moved into October, for no reason regulations concerning the deforestation Mr. Speaker, even less time for speech. th.at had anything to do with what it cele of redwood areas. A consequent forest brates. Thus do the almighty buck and the This is why I have i:itroduced legisla passion for a few long weekends trample on fire consumed another large part of the tion to protect Erner:- ld Creek. I ask that tradition and ignore meaning. watershed area. When unusually heavy my fell ow colleagues, irrespective of Certainly if we are going to ignore VE rainfall occurred during the winter of party, consider the measure at hand. If Day and VJ Day and the Korean cease-fire 1955, excessive runoff and stream sedi we do not, there may never be another and the hoped for Vietnam war-end, one is mentation resulted with an unpreced area of the magnitude of Emerald Creek entitled to ask what is wrong with Novem ented fiood from the devastated water in our great Nation. ber 11th as the single day upon which to shed area. Thus, Mr. Speaker, more than lump together their symbolic meaning. A 500 magnificent redwood trees were de war did end on that day, but no war we were ever in ended on the fourth Monday in stroyed. October. The implication that the destruction In at least six states, nobody sees anything of the upper watershed area prompted VETERANS DAY wrong with November 11. Oklahoma and the destruction of the redwood areas was Mississippi refused to go .along with the most obvious. Now, Mr. Speaker, we find Monday holiday, and never moved Veterans that the visual blight and bareness of HON. HAMILTON FISH, JR. Day off of Nov. 11. This year, at least four clear-cutting once again exists directly more states thought better of going along OF NEW YORK with the federal dollar reverence. They aban above the Redwood National Park IN THE HOUSE OF' REPRESENTATIVES boundary. Its existence serves as a sinis doned the fourth Monday in October to Thursday, February 22, 1973 restore Nov. 11 as Veterans Day. They are ter warning of the possibility of the re Georgia, Illinois, Indiana and West Virginia. currence of the disaster that occurred in Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, as you are At the Legion's National Convention this the Rockefeller Forest in 1955. It serves aware, I, and many of my colleagues, year, no less than 26 of our state organiza as bleak evidence to our inadequate pro have introduced legislation to return the tions presented resolutions calling for the tection of the redwood species of trees. celebration of Veterans Day to its tradi restoration of Veterans Day to Nov. 11, and Mr. Speaker, a consensus of experts, tional date of November 11. Many of my of Memorial Day to May 30. Combined into including those commissioned by the Na one resolution, they passed the convention colleagues have eloquently argued for by a vote of 3,081 to nothing. The Legion tional Park Service, has recognized that such a needed change, but I think the will seek federal restoration of both dates, the only solution to the problem of lack most eloquent exposition of the need for and one would hope that if Congress will not ing Virgin watershed areas is the preser its r.eturn to the traditional date of No go along it will at least make clear what it vation of the areas that remain in their vember 11 is expressed by an article is .a.bout Nov. 11 that it finds wrong. And entirety. Emerald Creek is the last re which appeared in the November 1972 May 30, too, for that matter. maining area. issue of the American Legion magazine Mr. Speaker, I would also like to insert Mr. Speaker, how does one translate In case it was not seen, I would like at a resolution which was unanimously the integrated, sensual, and the spiritual this time to insert it into the CONGRES passed by the 54th National Convention experience of the redwood wilderness? SIONAL RECORD, as I believe it carries a of the American Legion, strongly back The esthetic experience of the woods is message which will have deep meaning ing this change of date. Both the above not easily conveyed. In viewing the area, for us all. article and the resolution speak more there is little doubt that one can recog- The article follows: eloquently than I could say. 5250 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 22, 1973
FIFTY-FOURTH NATIONAL CONVENTION, THE nual observance of traditional patriotic holi Whereas, Such an arbitrary change dim AMERICAN LEGION, HELD AT CHICAGO, !LL., days from their true established dates to a inishes the importance long attached to AUGUST 22-24, 1972 Monday; and these historical events; now, therefore, be it RESOLUTION NO. 31 Whereas, The sole basis for changing such Resolved, by The American Legion in Na observance dates was to make a three-day tional Convention assembled in Chicago, Illi Committee: Americanism. weekend holiday, with no connection with nois, August 22, 23, 24, 1972, that The Ameri Title: Restore Traditional Holidays To the true anniversary and, in fact, in some in can Legion urge the President and the Con Their Rightful Dates. stances made a distortion of American his gress to restore the traditional patriotic holi Whereas, The Congress changed the a.n- tory; and day dates long observed in the United States.