Transport Clusters Development and Implementation Measures of a Six - Region Strategic Joint Action Plan for Knowledge - based Regional Innovation
Deliverable 3.2 Review on Research Agendas in International Context
Grant agreement n°: 287091 THEME [REGIONS - 2011- 1] Economic sustainable development by boosting the competitiveness of transport - related economy
Public Deliverable
0 3 Jul y 201
Review on logistics clusters P a g e | 2
A u t h o r s
Dagmar Grote Westrick (ECM); Emine Bayburt, Ulas Akin (BIMTAS); Evren Bingol (UND); Tom Hanke (UDE); Anna Kalmykova (EUA); Oliver Nack (EUA); Nicolas Orvain (Nov@Log); Emilie Parthoens (Logistics in Wallonia); Michael Plasch (FH Steyer Logistikum); Udo Tarmann (EAK)
Review on logistics c l u s t e r s P a g e | 3 Table of content
Table of content
Version Management ...... 2 Introduction ...... 4 Elaboration of the Review – Methodology ...... 6 Review on 15 logistics clusters in North America and Asia ...... 9 Anchorage, USA ...... 10 Metro Atlanta, USA ...... 22 Metro Boston, USA ...... 37 Metro Busan, South Korea ...... 48 Metro Dallas–Fort Worth, USA ...... 60 Hawaii, USA ...... 70 Hong Kong, People's Republic of China ...... 76 Metro Los Angeles, USA ...... 83 Mumbai, India ...... 98 Metro New York – New Jersey, USA...... 113 Shanghai, People's Republic of China ...... 126 Singapore, Republic of Singapore...... 142 Metro Tampa, USA ...... 155 Vancouver, Canada ...... 173 Yokohama – Kanagawa, Japan ...... 186 Review matrix ...... 194 Conclusion ...... 196 Conclusion ...... 197 References ...... 200
Table of figures
Table 1: Benchmarking Matrix ...... 195
Review on logistics clusters P a g e | 4 Introduction
Introduction
An essential part of the Log4Green project is the integrated benchmarking process aiming at optimising European transport logistics clusters competitiveness for sustainable logistics – in a global context. This Review on Research Agendas in an international context is the basic work for the in-depth benchmarking process following in the second half of the project.
The Review gives an overview on 15 different research-driven logistics clusters & regions in North America and in Asia. The aim of this Review is to compare the Log4Green SIRA (Strategic Integrated Research Agenda) with the innovation systems and research agendas of other world class logistics clusters.
Looking at the logistics world of today, more and more logistics clusters can be recognised. In contrast to industrial clusters, logistics clusters essentially provide a service instead of a physical product. The advantages of logistics clusters go beyond the known ones of industry clusters, like knowledge transfer, availability of labour, explicit business collaboration or resources for new company formation. In the ”Outlook on the Logistics & Supply Chain Industry 2012”, Yossi Sheffi points out, that there are further advantages of logistics clusters, including:
. “Economies of scope – the presence of many shippers provide opportunities for balanced movements in and out of the cluster, avoiding equipment idle time and empty repositioning moves. . Economies of scale – more logistics activities in the cluster create higher freight volumes, allowing carriers to use larger conveyances and enjoy higher utilization, leading to lower costs. . Economies of density – as the number of companies in the cluster grows, pickup and delivery operations are more efficient. . Better service – as the freight volume grows, the frequency of transportation services in and out of a logistics cluster increases. . Price stability – often referred to as “liquidity”, this is the result of many shippers in the same geography and served by many transportation carriers minimizing situations of short-term mismatch between demand and the availability of equipment.” [1]
At the same time, as pointed out in the Log4Green SIRA, logistics will play a key role in facing future challenge of sustainable development [2]: Logistics provides a pool of expertise to sustain different operation systems, most of them for the commercial background of planning, managing and controlling dynamic flows of goods, people, information, energy and financial resources on a basis of infrastructural solutions ((integrated) IT-, transport systems, warehouses, production plants etc.). Today, sustainable logistics in most of the cases is
Review on logistics clusters P a g e | 5 Introduction discussed as the minimisation of ecological impacts (“greening”) or the technological innovation of transport means and infrastructure.
However, the Log4Green project consortium believes that logistics is able to contribute beyond that. As logistics is dedicated to solve the growing complexity of business every day, it has the potential to provide solutions in terms of “sustainable logistics” that address the complexity of challenges like urbanisation, individualisation of customer requirements or renewable energy sources. Logistics clusters are ideal breeding grounds for these solutions. Combining knowledge, interests and chances of all stakeholders, industry, government and research, logistics clusters act as blueprints for future logistics. The aim of this review is to give a first overview on how different logistics clusters perform in this sense and how their agendas for the future look like.
Review on logistics clusters P a g e | 6 Introduction
Elaboration of the Review – Methodology
The elaboration of the Review started with the selection of the benchmarking regions. It followed a multilevel, inductive approach including desktop research and interviews of ten representatives of the three stakeholder groups (cutting-edge researchers, innovative companies, political forerunners) all having distinguished knowledge and a broad overview on global logistics. As a third component, internal workshops within the consortium have been conducted to use the existing knowledge from all partners. In doing so, a number of about 25 logistics regions have been gathered in the process but reduced to a number of 15 to be further analysed in this Review.
For the analyses, the benchmarking parameters which have been defined in an early stage of the project have been applied [3]. Looking on innovation systems and on topics within the Log4Green SIRA, the benchmarking has a strong focus on parameters in the frame of “Institutions, Policies & Strategies”, “Science & Education” and “Cluster performance”. However, to display a holistic view of the region, some “hard parameters” have been defined to assure the consideration of special regional conditions on a minimal scale (like infrastructure, economic and logistics performance). The parameters, clustered in seven pillars, structures the review of the international logistics clusters as follows:
General Information - Geographical / administrative classification - Population
Economic performance - GDP (per capita) - Employment rate, unemployment rate - Existence of funding and financing instruments to support SMEs - Existence of comprehensive support networks for start-ups
Logistics specific economic performance - Number of companies in the logistics sector - Share of employees working in logistics - Share of corresponding key industries acting as suppliers (ICT) or costumers for the logistics sector (trade, manufacturing industries) - Existence of surrounding markets to implement innovative logistics solutions (e.g. urban or metropolitan areas to implement security systems for urban supply)
Infrastructure - Length of roads, railways and waterways in miles - Number of freight handling facilities (hubs) to enable multimodal transport; number of freight airports, ports - Existence of adequate ICT infrastructure (e.g. broadband access)
Review on logistics clusters P a g e | 7 Introduction
Institutions, Policies & Strategies - Existence of national or regional administrative institutions / departments dedicated to deal with logistics - Number of technology transfer centres / incubators - Existence of innovation policies (funding instruments, innovation strategies) - Existence of cluster policies on regional or national level - Existence of sustainability policies (e.g. sustainability and mobility strategies, energy and waste management strategies) - Existence of sustainability policies (e.g. sustainability and mobility strategies, energy and waste management strategies)
Science & Education: - Number of (applied) universities and research institutes dealing with logistical issues - Number of research entities dealing with sustainability aspects within logistics - Existence of a Strategic Research Agenda dedicated to (sustainable) logistics - Existence of interdisciplinary logistics research (e.g. existence of interdisciplinary centres) - Existence of logistics specific vocational training (occupational and extra- occupational)
Cluster performance: - Existence of a logistics cluster representing the triple helix (developing or established) - Existence of a logistics strategy and /or objectives on cluster (or regional) level - Occurrence of sustainability / green aspects as part of the logistics cluster or regional strategy / agenda - Existence of demonstration projects designed to the future of logistics and/or sustainability of transport
Since there is no common understanding yet on how to measure the output side or even the outcomes of regions acting sustainable in logistics, most of the parameters measured are input parameters. Problems occurred for some parameters like the “share of employees working in the logistics sector” since statistics are not always composed in the same way and are not always available for the same period of time. Moreover, not all data was available for the administrative area indicated in the headline. For the U.S. American clusters for example, the Statistical Metropolitan Regions were considered to guarantee comparable statistical data at least for some quantitative parameters. However, other data refers to the city or state level. Since some logistics clusters in the United States even comprise parts of two or more States, information sometimes vastly exceed the Metropolitan area. By exactly naming the source of data, these problems were tried to be minimised. For Asian clusters, finding information was sometimes difficult, because of the language but also because of the availability of information as such.
Review on logistics clusters P a g e | 8 Introduction
Regarding the qualitative parameters, the Log4Green partners did not claim to rate strategies, action plans or research agendas of other logistics clusters since the quality of these cannot be evaluated within this benchmarking study. Thus, the majority of qualitative parameters measure the existence of relevant strategies or instruments only, but do not rate these.
Data and information found in this review were foremost gathered by desktop research, mainly referring to the information on the World Wide Web. Additional information from experts working with or in the respective region or country was added when possible.
In the following, each of the 15 regions will be introduced starting with a short summary before presenting all parameters in detail.
Review on logistics clusters P a g e | 9 Review on 15 logistics clusters
R eview on 15 logistics clusters in North America and Asia
Review on Research Agendas P a g e | 10 Review on 15 logistics clusters – Anchorage, USA
A n c h o r a g e , U S A
About the region
The Municipality of Anchorage is located in Alaska. In 2008, its population was estimated at 279.243 inhabitants and 359.180 inhabitants for the metropolitan area, making it the most populous city in Alaska [1].
The state of Alaska is the largest state of United States with a total area of 1.717.854 km2. It is populated by 710.231 habitants. The state represents 18.7% of the United States. Approximately 65% of the territory is in the property of the federal Government of the United States, which manages forests, parks and national reserves of Alaska. The rest is managed by the State of Alaska (25%) and indigenous organizations created by the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971 (10%) [2].
Stakeholder groups engaged in logistics matters
The awareness of the relationship between the environment and the flow of goods is obvious in this country. Protection of nature is not a constraint but a daily reality, the need for transport under various modes is imposed by the geographical and climate necessities. The three concerns of sustainability are incorporated into all levels of decision-making in Alaska.
The concept of cluster is obvious in Alaska but it is not formalized as we can design it. The Chambers of Commerce centralizes actions with the City of Anchorage and a multitude of structures representing the interests of various parties.
Outstanding characteristics of the region
The Alaskan climate is marked by cold and long winter. Thus, transportation must cope with harsh climatic conditions and variations. The Port of Anchorage is a critical link between the Alaska and the rest of the United States, providing an estimated 90% of the merchandise cargo to 80% of Alaska's populated areas. The Port of Anchorage also provides essential fuel, supplies to the Anchorage and south-central area and serves as the entry point for additional goods and cargos distributed to rural Alaskan communities. It is also a major port for the US Army [3]. It should be noted that Alaska was, until the fall of the Berlin wall, a line of defence for the USA.
Alaska has strategic raw materials for the United States: Oil and gold and to some extent, wood. Fishing in extremely difficult conditions is a major resource. The native population is integrated into the economic fabric and a large part of the population comes from the 'continent' to work. Trade flows are to explain with these characteristics [4].
The interest of Anchorage lies in the complexity of transport towards the hinterland and export. The fix is imposed by the climate, the absence of light, the sea conditions, and road.
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Anchorage is the first world port of halibut (frozen) and one of the major ports in the export of oil coming from the North by heated pipeline. It is called 'last frontier' and is almost totally dedicated to the nature. The protection of the environment is absolutely rigorous.
Alaska by its dimensions and its climate foreshadows the weather conditions that we could know by 2040 (the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change forecast) after the total melting of the Arctic. Distances are European, the mountains as in Europe hinder traffic, and extreme weather conditions bring reflections on the fluidity of flows. The protection of nature is not an economic support to give good conscience and its integration into daily life is a model. An integrated Europe could learn from Alaska, “The Last Frontier”.
References
[1] Population – U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census and Census 2000, Released March 2013, www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/sf1.pdf [2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska [3] Port of Anchorage, Alaska's Port - http://www.portofalaska.com/ [4] Anchorage Economic Development Corporation - http://www.aedcweb.com
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Anchorage, USA
General Information
Anchorage is Alaska's largest city with 41 percent of the state's population.
Alaska : 1,717,854 km2 / 710 000 citizens. Geographical / administrative classification The biggest state of the USA, more than three times the surface of France and nearly five times the surface of Germany. The interest of Anchorage lies in the complexity of transport towards the interland and export. The fix is imposed by the climate, the absence of light, the sea conditions, road. First world port of halibut (frozen), major port in the export of oil coming from the North by pipe line heated that State called ' last frontier ' is almost totally dedicated to the nature; the protection of the environment is absolutely rigorous. The drama of the Exon Valdes remains in memory.
The Port of Anchorage is a critical link between the U.S. state and Alaska, providing an estimated 90% of the merchandise cargo to 80% of Alaska's populated areas. The Port of Anchorage also provides essential fuel, supplies to the Anchorage and southcentral area and serves as the entry point for additional goods and cargos distributed to rural Alaskan communities. It is located just north of Ship Creek near downtown Anchorage on the Knik Arm of the Cook Inlet of the Pacific Ocean. It is also a major port for the US Army.
Anchorage : 380.821 (Metro Anchorage, 2010) Population Alaska : 710.000
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Economic Performance
GDP (per capita) $ 69.082 (Metro Anchorage, 2010)
Employment Rate / 94,6% (Metro Anchorage, March 2013) Unemployment Rate 5,4% (Metro Anchorage, March 2013)
NOAA. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration The Grants Program Office of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA Fisheries), Alaska Region administers a broad range of financial assistance and program partnership activities directed at supporting the core mission of NOAA Fisheries. The Program Office is a component of the Operations and Management Division (OMD) of the Alaska Regional Office in Juneau, and is supported by technical staff from the Regional Office and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. Each year OMD's grant staff initiates 30-40 new grants. The primary source of funding for NMFS Alaska grant programs and initiatives comes from program specific discretionary funding. On an on-going basis, the grants staff administers a Existence of regional funding grant portfolio valued at over $300 million dollars. Each year grant awards are and financing instruments to made to universities, state agencies, and public or private sector nonprofit support SMEs organizations to fund marine related research or activities.
Alaska Funding and Start-Up Resources for Business Women WOMEN$Fund (YWCA, Anchorage) is a women's microlending program committed to providing training, networking, business counseling, and start-up loans to Anchorage entrepreneurial women. Women can receive extensive training in writing a business plan, applying for a loan, setting up accounting system and complying with tax requirements. Participants have access to WOMEN$fund loan fund, weekly group support, business counselor and networking opportunities.
Alaska Funding and Start-Up Resources for Business Women WOMEN$Fund (YWCA, Anchorage) is a women's microlending program committed to providing training, networking, business counseling, and start-up loans to Anchorage entrepreneurial women. Women can receive extensive training in writing a business plan, applying for a loan, setting up accounting system and complying with tax requirements. Participants have access to WOMEN$fund loan fund, weekly group support, business counselor and networking opportunities.
Anchorage Economic Development Corporation Existence of comprehensive AEDC provides industry expertise and economic resources to both large support networks for start- corporations and growing companies interested in locating or expanding their ups business in Anchorage. They produce employment data and economic research that provides a snapshot of the City’s economy. Among its services, AEDC can: Advise companies on the Anchorage market and potential opportunities Assist corporations in finding commercial land, buildings and office space Serve as an advocate to simplify the process of working with the Municipality of Anchorage Connect companies with Anchorage business and community leaders and influencers Create strategic initiatives to support growth in specific industry sectors
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Logistics specific economic performance
Number of companies in the 410 logistics sector
6,9%
Anchorage Economic Development 2011 Annual report
Share of employees working in logistics
With the previous data, average monthly employment by industry : Trade : 14.1% Manufacturing : 20.3% Oil, Gas & Mining : 12.3% Share of corresponding key industries acting as suppliers Colin of Alaska according to the United States fishery represents 1.5 million tons (ICT) or costumers for the per year (12,000 fishermen) logistics sector (trade, manufacturing industries) The Northern oil fields are fundamental and require multiple transports made by very numerous companies. For example Alaska Railroad Company earned a profit of $ 10.4 million for a budget of $ 148.9 million.
Yes Resource extractions projects A study has been realised in 2011 about these kinds of projects and their impact on Alaska. In the next decade, Alaska could have the potential to generate as many as 10,460 jobs that would be created through $33.7 billion of investments in Existence of surrounding 21 resource extraction projects that are proposed for development within their markets to implement state. These oil and gas and mining projects are located in regions across Alaska innovative logistics solutions and could create a renaissance in their state’s economy that would assure their (e.g. urban or metropolitan general prosperity for decades to come. areas to implement security But, from AEDC’s perspective the outlook for these projects is not optimistic. systems for urban supply) Alaska’s competitiveness in the global markets they compete within is not favorable in many ways. Several related issues have created these circumstances for Alaska’s competitiveness. Issues based in taxation, permitting, litigation, social compact, commodity pricing, high costs related to project development and access to needed infrastructure have reached a point of, what is effectively, gridlock for many proposed projects.
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Infrastructure
5.600 miles of paved and gravel highways The highways are different from what exists in the USA or in Europe. Length of roads, railways and The bulk of the transport is done by plane or seaplane. waterways in miles Railroad: 932 miles
The geographic and climatic context Alaska prevents to respond directly to the question. Indeed, any surface of water allows seaplanes to land and any grassy surface allows light planes to land.
But we can note in Anchorage -1 international airport (the Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport) The 5th largest airport in the world for cargo throughput and the 2nd largest in the United States for landed weight. It’s 1 in 10 jobs in Anchorage. -1 port : the Anchorage port. The Port of Anchorage (POA) is a deep-water port with 4 bulk carrier berths and two petroleum berths. The Port of Anchorage is an enterprise department under the Municipality of Anchorage. As an enterprise, the Port is distinguished from other types of Number of freight handling municipal departments, largely because it creates enough revenue to support its facilities (hubs) to enable operations along with paying annual fees to the municipality. multimodal transport; The Port Director is appointed by the Mayor and reports to the Municipal number of freight airports, Manager. ports Anchorage harbor is preparing a draft for multimodal transport (Port of Anchorage Intermodal Expansion Project) Project Goals: - Provide adequate facilities to support transportation needs of the Port of Anchorage (POA) for state and local commerce as well as the national strategic military transport mission for years to come - Provide a modern, safe, and efficient regional port that stimulates economic development and the movement of goods into and out of South‐Central Alaska - Expand and maintain existing property, facilities, and equipment to meet growth in established marine trade - Encourage natural resource exports and create employment opportunities by attracting new industry and new cargo movement
Yes but across Alaska, 70% of businesses subscribe to broadband service, a slight decrease from 2010 when 72% of businesses subscribed.
This means that approximately 6,000 Alaska businesses still do not use or benefit Existence of adequate ICT from broadband. Businesses in the Professional and Financial Service sector have infrastructure (e.g. the highest broadband adoption rate, while only 60% of businesses in the broadband access) Wholesale Trade sector use broadband.
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Institutions, Policies & Strategies
Yes Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities Existence of national or The Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities designs, constructs, regional administrative operates and maintains the state’s transportation infrastructure systems, institutions / buildings, and other facilities used by Alaskans and visitors. The department is departments administratively divided into three regions: The Northern Region, headquartered dedicated to deal with in Fairbanks, is the largest, most geographically diverse, and maintains more logistics centerline miles of highway, including all of the Alaska, Richardson, Taylor, Denali, and Dalton Highways and portions of the Parks and Glenn Highways. There are institutions that support initiatives, sometimes mandated by government. 2 entities can be mentioned in Alaska (technology transfer and incubator):
Technology Research Development Center of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska It provides business strategy and assistance with pre-market product and service development. Founded in 2002, the Technology Research & Development Center (TREND) assists Alaska small business and entrepreneurs in developing new products and services that support government research efforts. TREND also provides pre-market assistance to independent inventors who may not be interested in government contracting. TREND provides workshops and one-on-one counseling aimed at identifying the business assets and resources for taking a technology to market. Number of technology transfer centres / incubators Fairbanks Economic Development Corporation The mission of the Fairbanks Economic Development Corporation is to assist in creating new jobs and new economic opportunities for the residents of the Fairbanks North Star Borough. Fairbanks Economic Development Corporation is committed to ignite economic prosperity in the region through fulfilling its goals: fostering a strong economic environment which supports businesses and nurtures growth, wealth and new investment in the region actively attracting new businesses in order to support and facilitate new employment opportunities for Interior Alaska serving as a liaison between public and private economic development activities, and recommend policies to government that support the achievement of planned economic development goals
Yes Existence of innovation Federal Policy & Program Support for Clean Energy Businesses in Alaska policies Energy efficiency policies are government-initiated incentives that encourage the (funding instruments, development and adoption of energy efficient technologies and practices. These innovation strategies) can be put in place at the national, state, or local level. There is a Cluster Initiative sponsored by the Alaska Partnership for Economic Development After a situational analysis, a strategy was developed and implemented. Existence of cluster policies on regional One of the 11 clusters is on “Logistics and International Trade”. Some others like or national level “Fishing and Seafood Processing! And “Oil & Gas Pipeline” are strongly connected to the logistics industry.
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Yes Federal Policy & Program Support for Clean Energy Businesses in Alaska Energy efficiency policies are government-initiated incentives that encourage the development and adoption of energy efficient technologies and practices. These can be put in place at the national, state, or local level
Renewable Energy Alaska Project (REAP) is a coalition of large and small Alaska utilities, businesses, conservation and consumer groups, Alaska Native organizations, and municipal, state and federal entities with an interest in developing Alaska’s vast renewable energy resources. Renewable Energy Alaska Project is a coalition of energy stakeholders working to facilitate the development of renewable energy in Alaska through collaboration, education, training, and advocacy. REAP’s goal is to increase the production of renewable energy in Alaska and bring Existence of sustainability the benefits of clean, economic and inexhaustible renewable power to the citizens policies of Alaska. (e.g. sustainability and The organization is led by a diverse board of directors selected from its mobility strategies, energy membership. and waste management strategies) Some incentives have been found: State net metering rules provide an incentive for individuals and businesses to invest in their own small renewable energy systems by allowing them Alaska’s net metering regulations, promulgated in 2010, apply to renewable energy systems of 25 kW or less, and require large utilities to purchase up to 1.5% of the utility’s average load from customers who build projects. In addition, some utilities have their own incentive programs that allow individuals to sell power back to the grid. Fairbanks’ Golden Valley Electric Association’s Sustainable Natural Alternative Power (SNAP) program allows customers to support small-scale renewable energy development by contributing to a fund that is held in escrow by the utility company. Individuals in the utility’s service area that sell renewable electricity into the grid are paid from the escrow fund in proportion to the amount of power they produce, plus the utility’s avoided fuel cost.
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Renewable Portfolio Standards Twenty-nine states, Washington DC and two U.S. territories have a policy known as a renewable portfolio standard (RPS). An additional eight states have renewable portfolio goals. In 2010 Alaska set a non-binding goal to generate 50% of the state’s electricity from renewable sources by 2025. An RPS is a state law requiring utility companies to generate a specified percentage of their electricity from renewable resources by a certain date. For example, Nevada law mandates investor-owned utilities in that state produce 25% of their electricity from renewables by 2025. The percentage and end date vary widely from state to state. Utilities are typically given interim milestones, and must pay a fine if they do not reach those milestones
Science & Education
3 universities University of Alaska Number of (applied) Anchorage, universities and research Fairbanks, institutes dealing with Alaska Southeast logistical issues Logistics is taught in Anchorage and environmental training in Fairbanks
1 research institute (see after) 1 research institute: The Alaska Center for Energy and Power (University of Alaska) Its goal: to put the right information in the hands of the right people to make the right decisions to reduce the risk of implementing energy solutions in Alaska.
2 sub centers are part of ACEP: Alaska Hydrokinetic Research Center (AHERC) Number of research entities http://www.uaf.edu/acep/facilities/alaska-hydrokinetic-energ/ dealing with sustainability It focuses on applied research and engineering specifically related to extracting aspects within logistics power from the kinetic energy of moving water in rivers and tidal basins
Alaska Wind-Diesel Applications Center http://www.uaf.edu/acep/alaska-wind-diesel-applic/ The purpose of the Alaska Wind-Diesel Applications Center (WiDAC) is to support the broader deployment of cost-effective wind-diesel technologies to reduce and/or stabilize the cost of energy in Alaska ’s rural communities. Not as defined by Log4Green consortium, but: The presence of many isolated habitants, of important mineral resources, need for transportation, brought Cape (Alaska Center and Energy Power) to build with Existence of a Strategic Alaska Hydrokinetic Research Center (AHERC) a research center at the University Research Agenda dedicated of Fairbanks. to (sustainable) logistics A strategic plan 2010-2013, has been prepared and is being evaluated. The studies concern the potential energy of the rivers and the sea. They are designed to provide the greatest possible autonomy to the State.
Yes Institute of Northern Engineering (University of Alaska – Fairbanks) The Institute of Northern Engineering provides research and engineering solutions Existence of interdisciplinary for the world’s cold regions and beyond. INE conducts research in all areas of logistics research engineering, including, but not limited to: civil and environmental, petroleum, (e.g. existence of mining, geological, electrical, computer, and mechanical engineering. INE fosters interdisciplinary centres) opportunities for faculty, post-doctoral researchers, and students to tackle these engineering challenges. INE focuses on basic and applied research and development, as well as research outreach.
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INE promotes interdisciplinary and collaborative research and development. INE promotes partnerships with the natural and social sciences, education, business, geography, natural resource management, and law. INE seeks to increase student involvement in research and development so that students at the University of Alaska graduate at the cutting edge of engineering and technology.
Arctic Research Support and Logistics. The Arctic Research Support and Logistics (RSL) Program supports the field component of research projects funded through science programs in the Section for Arctic Sciences in the Division of Polar Programs and through other programs at National Science Foundation (NSF). The RSL program also supports proposals that have benefits for the arctic research community. Examples of current awards are for the Arctic Logistics Contractor, CH2MHILL Polar Services; base support of the Arctic Research Consortium of the United States; Toolik Field Station; procurement and maintenance of instrumentation on the USCGC Healy; and the development of a digital elevation model of the Kuparuk Watershed in northern Alaska.
Yes, mainly at the University of Alaska Anchorage – College of Business and Public Policy – Logistics (BBA, MS) BBA in Global Logistics and Supply Chain Management Existence of logistics specific MS in Global Supply Chain Management vocational training AAS in Logistics and Supply Chain Operations (occupational and extra- Undergraduate Certificate in Logistics and Supply Chain Operations occupational) Occupational Endorsement Certificate in Global Logistics and Supply Chain Management
Cluster performance
The concept of cluster is obvious in Alaska but it is not formalized as we can design it. The Chambers of Commerce centralize actions with the City and a multitude of structures representing the interests of various parties.
Existence of a logistics cluster There is the Alaska Partnership for Economic Development with about 20 representing the triple helix members from economic associations to universities (e.g. Anchorage Economic (developing or established) Development Corporation, Fairbanks North Star Borough Economic Development Commission, Prince William Sound Economic Development District, University of Alaska Center for Economic Development)
Existence of a logistics strategy and /or objectives on Not identified cluster (or regional) level A non-profit organization (Green Star), based in Anchorage encourages businesses to practice waste reduction, energy conservation and pollution prevention through education, technical assistance, and an award-winning voluntary "green business" certification program. This organization is established to recognize businesses and organizations that voluntarily meet and exceed its standards of Occurrence of sustainability / environmental responsibility. When these standards have been met and peer- green aspects as part of the reviewed to the satisfaction of the Green Star Standards Committee, the logistics cluster or regional organization receives Green Star Award certification. Recertification occurs every strategy / agenda two years. By meeting the standards, organizations demonstrate to the public that they have gone well beyond compliance with environmental regulations, and have voluntarily implemented a thorough pollution prevention and energy efficiency plan. Aspects of this plan include examining all waste streams (solid waste, utility
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usage etc.) and eliminating waste through smarter purchasing, restructuring employee procedures, maintaining or updating equipment and recycling. Green Star is both pro-business and pro-environment Yes Existence of demonstration Seawater Heat Pump Demonstration Project projects designed to the Objective : Install and monitoring a heat pump system that will “lift” latent heat future of logistics and/or from raw seawater at temperatures ranging from 35ºF to 55ºF, and transfer this sustainability of transport heat energy into building heat at a temperature of 120ºF.
References
General Information Population – U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census and Census 2000, Released March 2013, www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/sf1.pdf
Economic Performance Gross Domestic Product per capita – own calculations; U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census and Census 2000, Released March 2013, www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/sf1.pdf; U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis: Regional Economic Accounts, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), at: www.bea.gov/regional/index.htm Unemployment Rate – U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and metropolitan area NOAA. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - http://www.noaa.gov/ Alaska Funding and Start-Up Resources for Business Women - http://womeninbusiness.about.com/od/alaska/a/ak- funding-resources.htm Anchorage Economic Development Corporation - http://www.aedcweb.com AEDC 10-year resource extraction projects - http://www.aedcweb.com/aedcnew/research/report-categories Port of Anchorage Intermodal Expansion Project Concept Design Study - http://www.portofalaska.com/expansion- project.html
Logistics specific economic performance Number of transportation & warehousing establishments in Metro Anchorage – in U.S. Census Bureau: Statistics of U.S. Businesses (SUSB), 2010 County Business Patterns, Number of Firms, Number of Establishments, Employment, and Annual Payroll by Enterprise Employment Size for Metroplitan Areas , NAICS Sectors: 2010, at: www.census.gov/econ/susb/ Share of employees – U.S. Census Bureau: Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI) data; Longitudinal Employer- Household Dynamics, at: lehd.ces.census.gov/applications/qwi_online/ (own calculation) Anchorage Economic Development 2011 Annual report - http://www.aedcweb.com/aedcjoomla2/annualreport2012/index.html
Infrastructure Port of Anchorage, Alaska's Port - http://www.portofalaska.com/ Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport - http://www.dot.state.ak.us/anc/ Technology Adoption Among Alaska Businesses - http://www.connectak.org/sites/default/files/connected- nation/Alaska/files/ak_biz_2012.pdf
Institutions, Policies & Strategies Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities - http://www.dot.state.ak.us/comm/about.shtml Technology Research Development Center of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska - http://trendalaska.org/what-we-do/ Fairbanks Economic Development Corporation - http://www.investfairbanks.com/about Renewable Energy Alaska Project - http://alaskarenewableenergy.org/policies/#renewableenergy The 2013 Renewable Energy Atlas of Alaska - http://alaskarenewableenergy.org/wp- content/uploads/2009/04/2013-RE-Atlas-of-Alaska-FINAL.pdf
Science & Education
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The Alaska Center for Energy and Power (University of Alaska) - http://www.uaf.edu/acep/ ACEP: Renewable Energy in the Coastal Zone - Viable Technologies and Projects - http://dnr.alaska.gov/coastal/acmp/conference/2011_acmp_conference/presentations/acep.pdf Alaska Hydrokinetic Research Center (AHERC) http://www.uaf.edu/acep/facilities/alaska-hydrokinetic-energ/ Alaska Wind-Diesel Applications Center - http://www.uaf.edu/acep/alaska-wind-diesel-applic/ Institute of Northern Engineering (University of Alaska – Fairbanks) - http://ine.uaf.edu/about/ University of Alaska – specific logistics training - http://www.alaska.edu/files/research/Transportation-Distribution- Logistics.pdf University of Alaska Anchorage – College of Business and Public Policy – Logistics (BBA, MS) - http://www.uaa.alaska.edu/cbpp/academics/logistics/index.cfm
Cluster performance APED Alaska Partnership for Economic Development - http://alaskapartnership.org/ Cluster Initiative Sponsored by the Alaska Partnership for Economic Development - http://www.knowyourregion.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Alaska-Forward.pdf Green Star website - http://www.greenstarinc.org/
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Metro Atlanta, USA
About the region
Metro Atlanta (Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville, Georgia-Alabama), is the ninth-largest metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in the United States. Its’ economic, cultural, and demographic center is Atlanta, Georgia's capital and largest city. Metro Atlanta has an estimated total population of about 5.2 Mio inhabitants. Within Georgia, it’s the largest metro area and the economic heart of the State of Georgia [1].
The City of Atlanta was formerly known as “Terminus,” aptly named due its location at the terminus of the Western and Atlantic Railroad. Today, the region’s logistics hub has evolved from its railroad-centric origins to a global player in logistics. Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport ranks 14th in domestically freight capacity. Metro Atlanta boasts intermodal rail facilities, rail yards, and central interstate corridors that connect metro Atlanta to 80 percent of the national market within a two day trip [2].
The region’s capacity to store and distribute goods has led to its status as national and international logistics hub. With three interstates, outstanding air cargo capacity, industry- leading intermodal facilities, proximity to one of the largest and fastest growing ports in the United States, strong higher education programs in supply chain management, and a central location within the rapidly-expanding Sunbelt, metro Atlanta has the assets to support future competitiveness as a logistics hub.
Stakeholder groups engaged in logistics matters
The Atlanta logistics cluster is foremost company-driven: About 11.000 providers of logistics services, from core transportation and facilities, to third party logistics and software providers settled in the State of Georgia. Georgia ranks as the 5th largest overall logistics employer in the nation. There are over 30.000 companies that rely on the logistics industry. These companies employ about 110.000 Georgians and makes up 18 percent of the State’s Gross State Product [3;4]. Over 20 cooperation and alliances dedicated to transportation, logistics or supply chain management prove the power of the industry sector, too.
In addition, the State Government of Georgia is boosting the logistics sector. With the Georgia Center of Innovation for Logistics, the Department of Economic Development created a statewide resource for fueling logistics industry growth and competitiveness. The center aims at creating a tangible advantage by directly assisting companies to overcome challenges and capitalize on opportunities related to freight movement.
Looking at logistics science & research, Georgia is outstanding, too. The State is home to 51 four-year colleges and universities, and 35 technical colleges offering more than 100 different logistics-related courses, certificates and degree programs. These include 39 programs offering a logistics focused certificate; 19 with a stated major or concentration in logistics; 15 programs that offer logistics classes but not a major and 27 offerings of classes
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with logistics-related topics, but no major [5]. Internationally ranked and recognized advanced degrees in logistics and supply chain management are offered through Georgia Tech’s Supply Chain and Logistics Institute and the Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering. Georgia Southern University offers a PhD in logistics and both Clayton State and Southern Polytechnic State Universities significantly increased their focus and offerings in logistics in the last years.
Outstanding characteristics of the region
Atlanta Metro is one of the main logistics hubs within the United States – not only in terms of industry performance, but in terms of outstanding research and public engagement, too. Within the last decades, logistics issues were consequently fostered and developed further. Inland ports were built to provide large intermodal facilities for logistics activities; the Port of Savannah is one of the fastest-growing ones in the States; the Port of Brunswick is the 6th- largest automobile processing port in the nation; strong alliances of transporters, logistics service providers, public authorities and research have been assembled; logistics research has been pushed forward and is today ranked on the top. In recent year, sustainability efforts get more and more attention, too. The City of Atlanta is taking great efforts to push the idea of sustainability thinking throughout the city – towards the citizens as well as business. To sum up, four characteristics and main benchmarking aspects have to be named:
(1) Outstanding research: Georgia Tech's Supply Chain and Logistics Institute and the top ranked Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering are two of the top institutes dealing with logistics and supply chain management. (2) Complete triple helix structure: The strong logistics industry with several associations is well connected to the public authorities which is also supporting the logistics sectors with specialized institutions like the “Center of Innovation for Logistics”. The Universities, too, have strong cooperation with the private sector and regularly give access to new technologies and insights that can improve business processes. Besides, the universities are well connected to public authorities like Georgia Department of Economic Development. (3) Logistics hub Atlanta: Atlanta is an important inland logistics hub as well as an overseas maritime hub: With several intermodal inland ports as well as two main sea ports, Georgia provides very good study examples as a benchmark for both: inland logistics clusters as well as maritime clusters. (4) Sustainable Atlanta: Atlanta is taking some effort to foster sustainability thinking within the city. Sustainable Atlanta was established to advance the health, prosperity and quality of life for all people in metro Atlanta by nurturing a balance between environmental stewardship, economic development and social equity [6]. Different programs and initiatives were established, like the EcoDistricts Initiative or the Recycling and Materials Management. Besides the City of Atlanta Sustainability Plan, there is the
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“Power to Change Ambassador Program” which unites the sustainability efforts of government, business, academia, nonprofits and individuals.
References
[1] U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census and Census 2000, Released March 2013, www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/sf1.pdf [2] Atlanta Regional Commission: Economic Cluster Review Metro Atlanta, Submitted by Market Street Services Inc., Atlanta, June 2012 [3] Georgia Department of Economic Development: Georgia Logistics Industry Overview [4] Georgia Department of Transportation: Georgia Freight, at: http://www.dot.ga.gov/informationcenter/programs/georgiafreight/Pages/default.aspx [5] Georgia Department of Economic Development: Georgia Logistics Industry Overview [6] www.atlantaga.gov/sustainability
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Metro Atlanta, USA
General Information
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta (Metropolitan Statistical Area)
Metro Atlanta, is the ninth-largest metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in the United States. Its’ economic, cultural, and demographic center is Atlanta, Georgia's capital and largest city. Metro Atlanta spans 29 counties in north Georgia and has an estimated total population of about 5.2 Mio. Within Georgia, it’s the largest metro area and the economic heart of the State of Georgia
Geographical / administrative classification
Population 5.286.728 (Metro Atlanta, 2010)
Economic Performance
GDP (per capita) 51.472 US Dollars (Metro Atlanta, 2010)
Employment Rate / 91,8% (Metro Atlanta, March 2013) Unemployment Rate 8,2% (Metro Atlanta, March 2013)
Yes Existence of regional funding and Atlanta Micro Fund financing The Atlanta Micro Fund is a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization providing funding instruments to support SMEs and business management assistance to entrepreneurs establishing small
businesses in metro Atlanta. Georgia Small Business Development Centre The Georgia Small Business Development Center Network provides training and resources for small business owners and startups both online and through more than two dozen centers located across Georgia and maintained through partnerships with the University of Georgia and seven other universities and Existence of comprehensive colleges in the state. support networks for start-ups
Georgia Statewide Minority Business Enterprise Center The Georgia Statewide Minority Business Enterprise Center provides business and technical assistance that helps emerging and existing minority businesses experience significant growth and sustainability, and have long-term economic impact through the creation of jobs and revenue.
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The Edge Connection The Edge Connection, a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization housed at the campus of Kennesaw State University’s Coles College of Business, provides best practices in microenterprise and small business training, financial literacy, technology training, and essential entrepreneurial support services to aid microentrepreneurs to launch, sustain, or grow a business.
Atlanta Entrepreneurship Center The Entrepreneurship Center (TEC) works with private, public and nonprofit resources to build strong, sustainable and successful minority businesses. The result will be wealth creation, job creation and better economic health in the minority and urban core communities of Atlanta.
Advanced Technology Development Center (ATDC) The Advanced Technology Development Center (ATDC) is a startup accelerator that helps technology entrepreneurs in Georgia launch and build successful companies. ATDC provides business incubation and acceleration services to hundreds of startups through coaching, connecting and community. Membership is open to all technology startup companies in Georgia, from those at the earliest conception stage to revenue generating, venture-fundable companies.
Venture Atlanta Venture Atlanta connects Georgia’s entrepreneurs with venture capitalists, bankers, angel investors and others who can help them raise the capital they need to grow their businesses. Venture Atlanta is an annual technology conference in Georgia that connects Georgia’s entrepreneurs with the capital they need to grow their businesses.
Logistics specific economic performance
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Statistics of U.S. Businesses (SUSB), there are 3.203 establishments doing business in the transportation and warehousing sector within Metro Atlanta.
In the State of Georgia, there are about 11.000 providers of logistics services, from core transportation and facilities, to third-party logistics and software providers, ranks as the fifth-largest overall logistics employer in the nation. Within the core, there are about 5.000 companies. Over all, there are about 30.000 companies in Georgia that rely on the logistics industry to move goods through supply chains. Number of companies in the logistics sector Georgia Transportation Alliance The Georgia Transportation Alliance was founded as an affiliate of the Georgia Chamber of Commerce in 2011. GTA is Georgia’s first organization focused solely on long-term transportation solutions related to economic development, traffic congestion, safety, and our fast-growing logistics industry. GTAs Mission is to build upon Georgia’s strong history of transportation excellence by supporting efforts to improve transportation funding and improve our state’s transportation infrastructure.
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Share of employees working in 5,8% in Transportation and Warehousing logistics (Metro Atlanta, 1st Quarter 2012)
6,6% in Manufacturing (Metro Atlanta, 1st Quarter 2012) Share of corresponding key industries acting as suppliers Looking at Metro Atlanta’s production hub, the following nodes are listed: (ICT) or costumers for the . Bioscience and Medical Technologies logistics sector (trade, . Paper, Plastics, and Chemicals manufacturing industries) . Transportation Equipment . Metal and Metal Products . Computer, Electronic, and Electrical Equipment
Atlanta is one of ten U.S. cities classified as an "alpha-world city" by a 2010 study at Loughborough University and ranks fourth in the number of Fortune 500 companies headquartered within city boundaries, behind New York City, Houston, and Dallas. Several major national and international companies are headquartered in metro Atlanta, including six Fortune 100 companies: The Existence of surrounding markets Coca-Cola Company, Home Depot, United Parcel Service, Delta Air Lines, AT&T to implement innovative logistics Mobility, and Newell Rubbermaid. Other headquarters for some major solutions companies in Atlanta and around the metro area include Arby's, Chick-fil-A, (e.g. urban or metropolitan areas Earthlink, Equifax, First Data, Foundation Financial Group, Gentiva Health to implement security systems Services, Georgia-Pacific, NCR, Oxford Industries, RaceTrac Petroleum, for urban supply) Southern Company, SunTrust Banks, Mirant, and Waffle House. Over 75% of the Fortune 1000 companies have a presence in the Atlanta area, and the region hosts offices of about 1,250 multinational corporations. As of 2006 Atlanta Metropolitan Area ranks as the 10th largest cybercity (high-tech center) in the US, with 126,700 high-tech jobs.
Infrastructure
Georgia: . 1.200 miles of interstate highways Length of roads, railways and . 20.000 miles of federal and state highways waterways in miles . 4.700 miles of rail . 137 miles (Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway)
Georgia: . 6 intermodal hubs (rail – truck) . 16 cargo airports biggest one: Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, 11th-largest air cargo hub in US Number of freight handling The airport hosts 12 cargo-only carriers and has more than 1.5 million facilities (hubs) to enable square feet of cargo handling space. multimodal transport; Through Georgia’s network of 144 public and private airports, number of freight airports, ports companies can easily access locations statewide. atlanta-airport.com . 4 cargo ports: Port of Savannah, Port of Brunswick, Port Bainbridge (inland) and Port Columbus (inland)
Yes. The city of Atlanta is one of the most wired city in the United States. Many Existence of adequate ICT residents access the internet on a high-speed broadband and/or WiFi infrastructure (e.g. broadband connection. It is home to one of the world's largest fiber-optic bundles. access)
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Institutions, Policies & Strategies
Yes
Georgia Department of Economic Development / Center of Innovation (COI) for Logistics The Center of Innovation for Logistics is the leading statewide resource for fueling logistics industry growth and global competitiveness. The Center directly helps companies to overcome challenges and capitalize on opportunities related to the movement of freight. It provides focused expertise, specific industry data, connections to state resources, and an extensive cross-sector industry network. The Center is an industry focused component of the Georgia Department of Economic Development (GDEcD) and has main offices in Savannah and Atlanta, but has activity in all parts of the State.
Metro Atlanta Chamber’s Supply Chain Leadership Council The Metro Atlanta Chamber’s Supply Chain Leadership Council works to position Atlanta as the world’s premiere center for supply chain management, operations, talent and innovation; and further establish the region as the global gateway of choice. The Council mobilizes and connects the business Existence of national or regional community to maximize the region’s competitive supply chain advantages to administrative institutions / create jobs. departments dedicated to deal with logistics Freight Advisory Task Force The Freight Advisory Task Force was established in 2003 as part of the Atlanta Regional Commission (ARC) regional planning process. The general membership of public/private sector freight representatives include railroads, trucking, airport, chambers of commerce, and community improvement districts. The Task Force provides a forum for dialogue between the freight community and the public sector on freight and goods movement issues; input to Mobility 2030 development; identification of freight mobility characteristics and needs of the region; prioritize freight transportation needs of the region; ensure freight and goods movement needs are addressed in planning, investment, and operations of the region's transportation system; and finally, provide on-going input into the planning process, investment, and operation of the region’s transportation system.
IT3 Investing in Tomorrow’s Transportation Today (IT3) is Georgia’s effort to bring a results-oriented, strategic orientation to transportation planning and implementation. IT3 supports the work of the Georgia Department of Transportation and Metropolitan Planning Organizations throughout Georgia. There are 25 business incubators in Georgia, including the Advanced Technology Development Center (ATDC) tech incubator at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The business incubators have helped launch a who’s Number of technology transfer who of business success stories in Georgia by growing ideas and business centres / incubators innovations in world-class laboratory facilities, using state-of-the-art equipment, and leveraging a network of Technology Development Centers (TDCs). Yes Strategic Industries Loan Fund Existence of innovation policies Companies that have operations in one of Georgia’s strategic industries and (funding instruments, innovation demonstrate one or more of the following criteria are eligible to receive loans strategies) to finance fixed assets:
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. high potential for commercialization . the creation of quality jobs that demonstrate full benefits (including health insurance and retirement) and pay above average wages for the subject county . successful experience in a Georgia incubator or Center of Innovation or . existence of a unique partnership with one of the Georgia’s research universities and state colleges. Identified strategic industry sectors in Georgia include but are not limited to: aerospace, agribusiness, energy and environmental, healthcare, eldercare, life sciences, logistics and transportation. Loans will finance fixed assets only – such as lab equipment, build-out of lab space, and leasehold improvements.
Georgia Strategic Freight & Logistics Plan The comprehensive plan will address Georgia’s logistics needs through the year 2050, guiding the strategic execution of logistics activities and projects to improve the flow of goods into, within and out of the state. The plan will be developed over the next 12 months, and calls for guidance in development and resulting implementation by an external advisory committee with participation from a wide range of public and private industry experts. The plan will provide research and analysis of the current and future state of Georgia’s freight and transportation network along with demand forecasts identifying constraints and the economic impacts for Georgia and provide actionable recommendations to include policies, funding, and other mechanisms making them executable. When complete, this plan will be a critical element used in guiding the strategic execution of activities and projects that will improve the flow of commerce.
Economic Cluster Review Metro Atlanta A roadmap to the Metro Atlanta Regional Economic Development Strategy which will be a collaborative process, designed to unify multiple stakeholders in the public, private, and non-profit sectors behind a consensus vision for the region’s economic future. The final product will support the goals and objectives of PLAN 2040, the Atlanta Regional Commission’s comprehensive blueprint to sustain metro Atlanta’s livability and prosperity through mid- century and will meet the Economic Development Administration’s requirements for a Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS). The Economic Cluster Review represents the second phase of the strategic planning process, presenting a brief review of the region’s most competitive sectors within the context of its past, present, and future identity.
Atlanta Regional Freight Mobility Plan Identifying and programming effective improvements to accommodate increasing freight, goods, and services movement in the Atlanta region is vital to the economic vitality and quality of life of our region. To address freight in a comprehensive manner, the Atlanta Regional Commission undertook the development of a data-driven, policy-based Atlanta Regional Freight Mobility Plan for the metropolitan area.
Yes Georgia Department of Economic Development created several “Georgia Existence of cluster policies on Centers of Innovation (GCOI)”. These centres provide the expertise and regional connections to help Georgia companies and strategic industries solve or national level problems, grow quickly and compete globally. They work in three areas to accomplish this goal.
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. Leveraging industry expertise . Making connections - building networks . Providing access to researchers and resources While many services of the Georgia Centers of Innovation are similar across industries, each center offers industry specific contacts and business intelligence. There are six COIs in Georgia: . Aerospace . Agribusiness . Energy . Life Science and Information Technology . Logistics (Center of Innovation (COI) for Logistics) . Manufacturing
Yes City of Atlanta Sustainability Plan Guiding Principles: Use sustainability leadership to increase Atlanta’s “Competitive Advantage” by positioning Atlanta as a magnet for talent and a model for the country Mayors Charge: . To ensure that the City of Atlanta becomes one of the top ten sustainable cities in the US . To motivate and support community efforts that improve the quality of life of the citizens of Atlanta by enhancing the quality of their environment while supporting jobs and long term economic growth . To create and encourage a community dedicated to environmental sustainability through innovative leadership . To commit to continual improvement in sustainability practices . To lead by example through the development and implementation of policies and activities that support environmental sustainability
Our Path To Sustainability - Sustainability Report for Atlanta Mission Statement: Sustainable Atlanta leads Atlanta’s quest toward Existence of sustainability sustainability by developing strategies and policy recommendations with policies partners from Atlanta’s business, non-profit, academic, community and (e.g. sustainability and mobility government leadership. The Report includes visions for a sustainable Atlanta strategies, energy and waste and concrete actions. management strategies) Power to Change Ambassador Program As part of the city’s Power to Change sustainability initiative, the Ambassador Program defines and unites the sustainability efforts of government, business, academia, nonprofits and individuals. More than 70 businesses and organizations have already signed on to become Power to Change Ambassadors, collectively accounting for more than 5,000 acts of change to date. Organizations are encouraged to register for the program via the new Power to Change website, www.p2catl.com, which serves as both a public education resource and portal for information on sustainability measures across ten impact areas. Power to Change Ambassadors will provide information about their organizations’ sustainability efforts, building an inventory of Atlanta’s success stories.
PLAN 2040 PLAN 2040 is the Atlanta Regional Commission’s (Metro Atlanta) comprehensive blueprint to sustain metro Atlanta’s livability and prosperity through mid-century, as the region is expected to add some three million residents. The foundation of PLAN 2040 is sustainability - of the region’s economy, its environment and its people, ensuring that residents of metro
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Atlanta 2040 are presented more opportunities to live and thrive in a diverse, world class metropolitan area. PLAN 2040’s five objectives focus on: Serving People, Building Community, Enhancing Mobility, Preserving the Environment and Growing the Economy. PLAN 2040 includes multiple elements, including a Regional Agenda for future land use, development and growth, as well as a $61 billion Regional Transportation Plan. While the plan focuses on a framework for the built environment and infrastructure to support a thriving region, its primary focus is on the people who will live here during the planning period and beyond.
Atlanta Regional Economic Competitiveness Strategy The overarching structure of the strategy consists of four goals, each defined by four assets and the desired attributes of those assets. The goals are: educated workforce, prosperous businesses, innovative entrepreneurs, livable communities
Georgia DNR's Sustainability Division The division's Partnership for a Sustainable Georgia encourages environmental leadership and recognizes superior environmental performance. Free and open to any business or organization in Georgia, the Partnership for a Sustainable Georgia is the cornerstone of operations. Technical assistance is a key element of the program, allowing the division to provide direction and support to their partners as they move toward sustainability.
Science & Education
17 Universities with logistics major or concentration: Albany State University Central Georgia Technical American InterContinental University - College Buckhead Clark Atlanta University American InterContinental University - Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ Dunwoody Georgia Institute of Technology Clayton State University Georgia Virtual Technical Coastal Georgia Community College College Georgia College & State University Macon State College Georgia Military College - Robins AFB Mercer University Georgia Southern University Southern Polytechnic State Albany Technical College University Number of (applied) universities and research institutes dealing with logistical issues The 7 most important universities: . Georgia Institute of Technology - Supply Chain & Logistics Institute (SCL) - The Georgia Institute of Technology is one of the nation's top research universities, distinguished by its commitment to improving the human condition through advanced science and technology. In its laboratories and interdisciplinary research centers, Georgia Tech host several institutions dealing with logistics issues. . Clayton State University at Morrow - Supply Chain Management Education at the School of Business. . Georgia Southern University (GSU) at Statesboro - Logistics & Intermodal Transportation Education at College of Business Administration (COBA). . Southern Polytechnic State University (SPSU) at Marietta - Supply Chain Logistics Education at the School Of Engineering Technology and Management.
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. Georgia College & State University at Warner Robins - Logistics Management Education at Robins Airforce Base. . University Of Georgia At Athens - Green Supply Chain Professional & Purchasing and Supply Chain Management Online Training at the Center for Continuing Education. . Georgia State University . Middle Georgia College
Georgia offers more than 100 different “educational offerings” connected to educating future and existing logistics workforce. These include: 39 programs offering a logistics focused certificate; 17 with a stated major or concentration in logistics; 15 programs that offer logistics classes but not a major; 27 offerings of classes with logistics-related topics, but no major.
Yes, at least 4 . Georgia Institute of Technology The Georgia Institute of Technology is one of the nation's top research universities, distinguished by its commitment to improving the human condition through advanced science and technology. In its laboratories and interdisciplinary research centers, Georgia Tech host several institutions Number of research entities dealing with logistics issues. dealing with sustainability . Georgia Southern University (GSU) at Statesboro - Logistics & Intermodal aspects within logistics Transportation Education at College of Business Administration (COBA). . Georgia College & State University at Warner Robins - Logistics Management Education at Robins Airforce Base. . University Of Georgia At Athens - Green Supply Chain Professional & Purchasing and Supply Chain Management Online Training at the Center for Continuing Education.
Not as defined by Log4Green consortium, but there are two Research Plans: Designing the Future - Georgia Tech’s Strategic Vision and Plan Vision: Georgia Tech will define the technological research university of the 21st century. As a result, Georgia Tech will be leader in influencing major technological, social, and policy decisions that address critical global challenges. “What does Georgia Tech think?” will be a common question in research, business, the media, and government. To achieve the vision and design the future Georgia Tech seek in 2035, they aim to attain five strategic goals: . Be Among the Most Highly Respected Technology-Focused Learning Institutions in the World . Sustain and Enhance Excellence in Scholarship and Research Existence of a Strategic Research . Ensure That Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Public Service are Agenda dedicated to Fundamental Characteristics of Our Graduates (sustainable) logistics . Expand Our Global Footprint and Influence to Ensure That We Are
Graduating Good . Global Citizen . Relentlessly Pursue Institutional Effectiveness
Georgia State University Strategic Plan The overarching goal of Georgia State University as it enters its second century is to be recognized as a dynamic academic community where teaching and research combine to produce leaders and create solutions to conquer the challenges of the 21st century. Composed of fife goals, two are interesting in terms of sustainability & logistics:
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1) Become a leading public research university addressing the most challenging issues of the 21st century. 2) Be a leader in understanding the complex challenges of cities and developing effective solutions. Yes Georgia Institute of Technology - Supply Chain & Logistics Institute (SCL) SCL's mission is to enable supply chain professionals, businesses and international governments to transform complex supply chains, improve logistics performance and trade, and increase competitiveness by applying Existence of interdisciplinary education, innovation and solutions (emerging practices). There are fife SCL logistics research related research entities dealing e.g. with food supply chain, humanitarian (e.g. existence of logistics or Asia-Pacific Logistics. interdisciplinary centres) Institute for Energy, Sustainability and Natural Systems Research areas include biomimicry, the impacts of globalization, recycling, the environmental impacts of products and manufacturing systems, and energy efficiency for freight transport.
Yes Logility Education & Training Atlanta The professional services division of Logility provides educational opportunities for customers in industry and product-specific courses. These courses are designed to meet the needs of: current users looking to expand their skill set; existing customers wanting to train new personnel; new project teams Existence of logistics specific initiating their implementations; and, casual users. vocational training (occupational and extra-occupational) Marine Career Training Institute Of North America (MCTINA) at Canton Marine Technician and Marine Electronics Training. The Marine Career Training Institute of North America (MCTINA) is the non-profit training division of the Association of Marine Technicians (AMTECH), and it was formed to provide the marine industry with a source for technical training for all areas of marine service.
Cluster performance
Yes The Center of Innovation for Logistics The Center represents all segments of the logistics industry and provides a unique platform for companies to network, address industry issues and share knowledge. The Center is a catalyst to help logistics-enabled businesses Existence of a logistics cluster connect, compete and grow, representing the triple helix It works with all elements of this network and provides a range of services, (developing or established) tools, and expertise. They divide the industry into two broad groups: Logistics Providers and Logistics Consumers. Collaboration partners are: The Georgia Department of Economic Development (GDEcD), OneGeorgia Authority, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia Research Alliance (GRA).
Yes Atlanta Regional Economic Competitiveness Strategy Existence of a logistics strategy The overarching structure of the strategy consists of four goals, each defined and /or objectives on cluster (or by four assets and the desired attributes of those assets. The goals are: regional) level educated workforce, prosperous businesses, innovative entrepreneurs, liveable communities. Even if not named directly, logistics is part of this strategy.
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Occurrence of sustainability / green aspects as part of the Yes, especially within the goal liveable communities, sustainability & green logistics cluster or regional aspects are included. strategy / agenda Yes American Maglev Technology (AMT) – Levitating Rail American Maglev Technology (AMT) based in Powder Springs Georgia, has designed a zero-emitting, next-generation transportation technology that fulfills the increasing worldwide mega-regional demand for goods movement and passenger service.
AMT develops, manufactures and installs transportation systems that use magnetic forces to lift, guide and propel passenger vehicles on a cushion of magnetic energy or “maglev”. Maglev technology uses no fossil fuels and leaves a zero carbon footprint. It has numerous advantages over conventional “steel-wheels-on-steel” rail technology because the frictionless suspension system allows for lighter weight vehicles and much higher speeds with lower maintenance and energy costs per transit mile. Not only does AMT technology use clean, renewable energy, but its level of energy usage is significantly less than conventional “steel- wheels-on-steel-rail” and “rubber-wheels-on- concrete” technologies. Opposed to an average conventional transportation energy usage rate of 6 kilowatt hours per kilometer (kwh/km), AMT technology uses approximately 1.8 kwh/km, or 70% net less energy. Existence of demonstration projects designed to the future Distinct, full-scale operational maglev systems have been built in Germany, of logistics and/or China and Japan. These systems employ a high-tech guideway, generating sustainability of transport powerful magnetic forces that yield very high speeds and utilizing very sophisticated electronic controls. As such, they are understandably truly technology-focused, but very complex, and extremely expensive (between US $50 and $100 million per mile) to build and operate.
AMT has reversed this design concept and, by putting the magnets and controls in a light weight vehicles and developing a much simpler or “dumb” track, has slashed the system cost of construction and operation to levels sharply below even a conventional “steel-wheels-on-steel” light rail alternative — i.e. a “market- focused” approach. AMT considers itself the only market- driven company in the world that is ready to serve the low budgets of the mega-regional transportation sector.
High-speed trains and Japanese or German Maglev systems have been reported to cost $40-80 million/mile. Public and private studies show that only Maglev technologies costing under $20 million/mile can be fully self-sufficient. The AMT technology, fundamentally different from its Maglev predecessors, allows for the construction of transit systems not to exceed $13-19 million/mile.
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References
General Information Metro Atlanta – en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta_metropolitan_area Population – U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census and Census 2000, Released March 2013, www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/sf1.pdf
Economic Performance Gross Domestic Product per capita – own calculations; U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census and Census 2000, Released March 2013, www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/sf1.pdf; U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis: Regional Economic Accounts, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), at: www.bea.gov/regional/index.htm Unemployment Rate – U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and metropolitan area Atlanta Micro Fund – www.atlantamicrofund.com/ Georgia Small Business Development Centre – www.georgiasbdc.org/ Georgia Statewide Minority Business Enterprise Center – mbdabusinesscenter-atlanta.org/ The Edge Connection – www.theedgeconnection.com/ Atlanta Entrepreneurship Center – www.aultec.org/ Advanced Technology Development Center (ATDC) – atdc.org/ Venture Atlanta – ventureatlanta.org/
Logistics specific economic performance Number of logistics firms in Georgia – Georgia Department of Economic Development: Georgia Logistics Industry Overview, 2013 Number of transportation & warehousing establishments in Metro Atlanta – in U.S. Census Bureau: Statistics of U.S. Businesses (SUSB), 2010 County Business Patterns, Number of Firms, Number of Establishments, Employment, and Annual Payroll by Enterprise Employment Size for Metroplitan Areas , NAICS Sectors: 2010, at: www.census.gov/econ/susb/ Share of employees – U.S. Census Bureau: Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI) data; Longitudinal Employer- Household Dynamics, at: lehd.ces.census.gov/applications/qwi_online/ (own calculation) Metro Atlanta’s production hub – Atlanta Regional Commission: Economic Cluster Review Metro Atlanta, Submitted by Market Street Services Inc., Atlanta, June 2012 Existence of surrounding markets – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Atlanta Georgia Transportation Alliance – www.gachamber.com/transportationalliance/
Infrastructure Georgia Department of Transportation – www.dot.ga.gov Georgia Ports - www.gaports.com Georgia Department of Economic Development: Georgia Logistics Industry Overview
Institutions, Policies & Strategies Georgia Department of Economic Development – www.georgia.org Center of Innovation (COI) for Logistics – www.georgialogistics.com/ Metro Atlanta Chamber’s Supply Chain Leadership Council – www.metroatlantachamber.com Freight Advisory Task Force – www.atlantaregional.com/transportation/freight IT3 – Investing in Tomorrow’s Transportation Today (IT3) – www.it3.ga.gov Strategic Industries Loan Fund – www.onegeorgia.org Georgia Department of Transportation: Georgia Strategic Freight & Logistics Plan, 2011
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Economic Cluster Review Metro Atlanta – Atlanta Regional Commission: Economic Cluster Review Metro Atlanta, Submitted by Market Street Services Inc., Atlanta, June 2012 Atlanta Regional Freight Mobility Plan – Atlanta Regional Commission: Atlanta Regional Freight Mobility Plan, 2008 City of Atlanta: Sustainability Plan Our Path To Sustainability - Sustainability Report for Atlanta, 2010 PLAN 2040 – www.atlantaregional.com/plan2040 Atlanta Regional Commission: Atlanta Regional Economic Competitiveness Strategy, 2012 Sustainable Atlanta – www.sustainableatlanta.org Georgia DNR's Sustainability Division – www.gasustainability.org/
Science & Education Georgia Institute of Technology - Supply Chain & Logistics Institute (SCL) – www.scl.gatech.edu/ Designing the Future - Georgia Tech’s Strategic Vision and Plan – www.gatech.edu/vision/ Georgia State University Strategic Plan – strategic.gsu.edu/
Cluster performance Georgia Department of Economic Development – www.georgia.org Center of Innovation (COI) for Logistics – www.georgialogistics.com/ American Maglev Technology (AMT), Levitating Rail – www.american-maglev.com
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M e t r o Boston, USA
About the region
Boston is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Massachusetts, officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Boston also serves as county seat of the state's Suffolk County. Boston had an estimated population of 626.000 inhabitants in 2011 [1]. The city is the anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area called “Greater Boston”. The area comprises the Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) and is home to over 4.6 million people. It is the tenth-largest metropolitan area among U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas.
Metro Boston is usually reserved to signify the "inner core" surrounding the City of Boston, while "Greater Boston" usually at least overlaps the North and South Shores, as well as MetroWest and the Merrimack Valley.
Boston's economic base includes finance, professional and business services, and government activities [2]. The city is home to a number of technology & high-tech companies and home to major companies headquartered. In 2006 Boston and its metropolitan area ranked as the fourth-largest cybercity in the United States with 191.700 high-tech jobs. Boston is known as a higher education centre. This image derives in large part from the teaching and research activities of more than 100 colleges and universities located in the Greater Boston Area, with more than 250.000 students attending college in Boston and Cambridge alone.
Stakeholder groups engaged in logistics matters
One of the most important stakeholders in Metro Boston is the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). For more than 30 years, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Transportation & Logistics (MIT CTL) has been a world leader in supply chain management and transportation education and research. Along with contributions to the understanding of transportation system planning, operations, and management, its efforts include contributions to logistics modeling and supply chain management for shippers; technology and policy analysis for government; and management, planning, and operations for trucking, railroad, air, and ocean carriers. More than 75 faculty and research staff from a wide range of academic disciplines collaborates with researchers from affiliate organizations around the world to engage in MIT CTL’s three main research programs. MIT CTL has made major knowledge contributions and helped numerous companies gain competitive advantage through its research in supply chain management and logistics [3].
Another important hub in Metro Boston is the Port of Boston. It is the oldest New England’s connection to the world for nearly 400 years and still New England’s maritime hub. The Port of Boston’s activity supports 34.000 jobs, and contributes more than $2 billion to the local, regional, and national economies through direct, indirect, and induced impact. Massport
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facilities are the port’s lifeblood for containerized cargo. The Port of Boston also hosts privately owned petroleum and liquefied natural gas terminals, which supply more than 90% of Massachusetts' heating and fossil fuel needs. Automobile imports and exports are an important niche market for the Port of Boston. In 1998, the Boston Autoport opened on an 80 acre site in Charlestown. The Boston Autoport can accommodate the processing of 70.000 cars per year for import or export [4].
References
[1] "State & County QuickFacts - Boston (city), Massachusetts", United States Census Bureau. 2013-01-10. Retrieved 2013-02-05. [2] "The Boston Economy in 2010", Boston Development Authority. 2011-01. Retrieved 2013-03-05. [3] www.mit.edu [4] www.massport.com
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Metro Boston, USA
General Information
Boston-Cambridge-Newton (Metropolitan Statistical Area) Metro Boston area is the region administered by the Metropolitan Area Planning Council (MAPC). The MAPC is a regional planning organization created by the Massachusetts legislature to oversee transportation infrastructure and economic development concerns in the Boston area. Metro Boston is home to over 4.6 million people and the tenth-largest metropolitan area among U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA).
The area based on commuting patterns as the Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT is having over 7.6 million people and making it the fifth-largest Combined Statistical Area (CSA) in the United States.
Boston is the capital and the largest city of the U.S. state of Massachusetts, officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Boston also serves as county Geographical / administrative seat of the state's Suffolk County. The largest city in New England, the city classification proper, covering 48 square miles (125 square km).
Light Blue represents the area in Massachusetts known as “Greater Boston”, while Dark Blue represents the “Metro-Boston” area that comprise Boston- Cambridge-Quincy Massachusetts metro area and Red represents the “City of Boston”.
Population 4.552.402
Economic Performance
68.906 US Dollars (Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH ; 2010) GDP (per capita)
Employment Rate / 93,6% (Massachusetts, April 2013) Unemployment Rate 6,4 % (Massachusetts, April 2013)
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Yes Enterprise Ireland Adviser Existence of regional funding and It has main funding supports and programmes for established small and financing instruments to support medium sized enterprises in the manufacturing and internationally traded SMEs services sectors. An Established SME client is a company that is not a HPSU
client, has an established trading record, the company (or its group of companies) employs between 10 and 250 employees.
The Massachusetts Small Business Development Center
Network provides on-on-one business assistance to those wishing to start a new business venture or who are operating an existing small business. Additionally, the center provides many business management training courses. The Southeast Regional Office is a advising center of the Massachusetts Small Business Development Center (MSBDC) Network and it is part of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, in collaboration with the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth. Utilizing the resources of the University of Massachusetts system makes the MSBDC an excellent source of reference for the region's business community.
Boston Regional Office & Minority Business Center The Boston Regional Office & Minority Business Center provides business owners with access to a network of resources, which will better enable them to meet the challenges entrepreneur’s face. The center provides a full range of business advising and training activities; services include assistance with Existence of comprehensive developing an effective business plan, financing and loan assistance, support networks for start-ups strategic, marketing, and operational analysis. The Boston Regional Office welcomes the opportunity to leverage resources for minority entrepreneurs.
Massachusetts Office of Small Business & Entrepreneurship (OSBE) To help support growing businesses, , under the leadership of Executive Director André Porter, works with the State's many service providers of technical assistance and financing, as well as directly with small businesses to help provide the resources necessary for success. Whether the business is early stage or is well established, having the right information, assistance and training will allow the company to thrive, grow and succeed in Massachusetts.
ReStore Boston ReStore Boston helps neighborhood business and property owners with storefront improvements. ReStore Boston has provided professional design services to over 300 businesses and completed 80 storefront improvement projects.
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Logistics specific economic performance
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Statistics of U.S. Businesses (SUSB), there are 3.283 establishments doing business in the transportation and Number of companies in the warehousing sector within Massachusetts Metro Area. logistics sector Directory of Massachusetts Logistics Companies, Massachusetts warehousing companies and third party logistics(3PL) providers serving the greater Boston, MA area.
Share of employees working in 3 % in Transportation and Warehousing logistics Share of corresponding key industries acting as suppliers (ICT) 10 % in Manufacturing or costumers for the logistics 17 % in Trade, Transportation and Utilities sector (trade, manufacturing industries) Yes Boston is placed among the top 30 most economically powerful cities in the world. Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world.
Boston's colleges and universities have a significant effect on the regional economy, with students contributing an estimated $4.8 billion annually to Existence of surrounding markets the city's economy. The city is also considered highly innovative for a variety to implement innovative logistics of reasons that include the presence of academia, access to venture capital, solutions and the presence of many high-tech companies. (e.g. urban or metropolitan areas Because of Boston's status as a state capital and the regional home of to implement security systems for federal agencies, law and government are another major component of the urban supply) city's economy. The city is home to a number of technology companies and is a hub for biotechnology, with the Milken Institute rating Boston as the top life sciences cluster in the country. Several major companies headquartered within Boston or nearby. It is the center of the region's high-tech industry. In 2006 Boston and its metropolitan area ranked as the fourth-largest cyber city in the United States with 191,700 high-tech jobs.
Infrastructure
Massachusetts has 31,300 miles of highways including the Massachusetts Turnpike (Interstate 90) which stretches the length of the state connecting Massachusetts with upper New York state and roads that lead to Connecticut. Interstate 95, which circles Boston, runs the width of the state Length of roads, railways and from Rhode Island to New Hampshire. Interstate 93 connects Massachusetts waterways in miles with New Hampshire, and Interstate 91 connects western Massachusetts with Vermont and Connecticut. Massachusetts contains 11 freight railroads with over 1,000 miles of track. Each year, more than 450,000 train cars carry over 18 million tons of goods (2006).
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Logan Airport, located in East Boston and operated by the Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport). Logan Airport is a medium-sized airport in terms of cargo, handling 684,875 tons of freight in 2012, making it 10th busiest airport in the U.S in terms of cargo. It handles many U.S-based cargo airlines, including ABX Air, DHL, FedEx Express, and UPS Airlines. It also has cargo offices for many international cargo carriers, including British Airways World Cargo, Cathay Pacific Cargo, China Airlines Cargo, EVA Air Cargo, and LAN Cargo. It has two cargo complexes: The North Cargo Terminal. Number of freight handling There are five major ports of the Commonwealth: Boston, Fall River, facilities (hubs) to enable Gloucester, New Bedford and Salem. The Port of Boston, is the major multimodal transport; seaport located in Boston Harbor and adjacent to the City of Boston. It is the number of freight airports, ports largest port in Massachusetts as well as being one of the principal ports on the east coast of the United States. In 2006, the port handled over 14 million metric tons of cargo, including 201,000 container TEUs. Other major forms of cargo processed at the port include petroleum, liquefied natural gas (LNG), automobiles, cement, gypsum, and salt. Today the principal cargo handling facilities are located in the Boston neighborhoods of Charlestown, East Boston, and South Boston, and in the neighboring city of Everett.
Existence of adequate ICT infrastructure (e.g. broadband Yes access) Institutions, Policies & Strategies
Yes Boston Region Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) The organization responsible for conducting the federally required metropolitan transportation-planning process (often called the 3C—continuing, cooperative, and comprehensive—process) for the Boston metropolitan area. The MPO uses this process to develop a vision for the region and then decides how to allocate federal and some state transportation funds to programs and projects—roadway, transit, bicycle, and pedestrian—that Existence of national or regional support that vision. The MPO has identified the following eight main areas of administrative institutions / focus for its visions and policies: System preservation, modernization, and departments efficiency; Mobility; Environment Safety and security; Regional equity; Land dedicated to deal with logistics use and economic development; Public participation; Finance.”
MetroFuture: Making a Great Boston Region. “… builds on the region’s unique development patterns, with a balanced mix of urban communities, built-up suburbs, and low-density towns. Population and job growth will be concentrated in developed areas already served by infrastructure, with slower growth in less developed areas where infrastructure is more limited.” An initiative of the Metropolitan Area Planning Council.
At least 4 technology transfer centres / incubators
Number of technology transfer Boston College Office of Technology Transfer and Licensing (OTTL) assists centres / incubators faculty and student in moving innovative ideas from the university into the marketplace for the benefit of society.
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The Massachusetts Technology Transfer Centre facilitates and accelerates technology transfer between research institutions and Massachusetts companies; promotes collaboration between research institutions and the Commonwealth's technology industry; assists in the growth of Massachusetts companies, including startups, by enhancing technological leadership; and supports regional and statewide economic development priorities.
The Office of Technology Development (OTD) provides a service to the Boston University Community – faculty, students and alumni – the translation of their ideas into useful products and services.
Tufts Tech Transfer - The Office for Technology Licensing and Industry Collaboration (OTL&IC) is responsible for facilitating the transfer of Tufts technology for public use and benefit. OTL&IC evaluates, obtains proprietary protection for, and assists in the distribution of technology for research and commercial purposes.
Yes
Greater Boston Economic Development Strategy The Metropolitan Area Planning Commission (MAPC) in Boston hired FutureWorks to complete two projects to secure the region’s economic future. The first was to develop a region-wide comprehensive economic development plan. The completed plan includes detailed economic analysis, but also identifies a series of cross-cutting issues that demonstrate the interrelated nature of the region’s competitive challenges and the need for greater institutional involvement to solve them. Existence of innovation policies MAPC also hired FutureWorks to develop and carry out a strategy to engage (funding instruments, innovation business leadership in Boston Metro's regional planning process. This strategies) planning process, called MetroFuture, is a regional vision and growth strategy created by and for the residents of the 101 communities in Metropolitan Boston. The short-term goal of the contract was to systematically engage business leadership from the Boston region in the five- phase structure of the MetroFuture Initiative. The long-term goal of the contract was to further institutionalize Boston area business engagement on issues of regionalism, smart growth and social equity.
Transportation Improvement Program and Air Quality Conformity Determination 2012-2013
Existence of cluster policies on Yes, e.g. in finances and sciences. regional or national level
Yes Existence of sustainability policies Sustainable Business Leader Program (SBLP) The programs goal is to assist (e.g. sustainability and mobility small to medium size business owners who recognize the importance of strategies, energy and waste making environmentally sustainable improvements but that are often too management strategies) busy and lacking the resources or time to research alternative practices.
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Sustainable Business Network of Greater Boston (SBN-Boston) The network engages business and community leaders in building economies that are green, local, and fair.
Science & Education
Boston is a hub of higher education: as the Boston metro area is home to 80+ colleges and universities. There are a total of 53 institutions of higher education in the defined region, including 7 junior colleges, 14 colleges that primarily grant baccalaureate and master's degrees, 10 research universities, and 24 special-focus institutions. Of these, 51 are non-profit organizations while 3 are for-profit businesses, and 49 are private ventures while 5 are public institutions (4 are run by the state of Massachusetts and 1 is operated by the city of Quincy).
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. MIT has five schools and one college, containing a total of 32 academic departments, with a strong emphasis on scientific, engineering, and technological education and research. MIT's early emphasis on applied technology at the undergraduate and graduate levels led to close cooperation with industry. There is a Master of Science in Supply Chain Management as a postgraduate academic master's degree awarded at MIT.
Northeastern University is the largest supply chain management school in Boston, based on student population. Approximately 4 students graduated in Number of (applied) universities 2010 from Northeastern University with credentials in supply chain and research institutes dealing management. with logistical issues More universities and colleges specialized in llogistics:
. Bridgewater State College - Bridgewater, MA: Operations Management and Supervision, master's Transportation/Transportation Management, bachelor's degree. . Merrimack College - North Andover, MA: Operations Management and Supervision, bachelor's degree program . Wentworth Institute of Technology - Boston, MA Operations Management and Supervision, bachelor's degree program . Northern Essex Community College - Haverhill, MA Logistics and Materials Management . Bentley University - Waltham, MA Operations Management and Supervision, master's degree program . Bunker Hill Community College - Boston, MA Operations Management and Supervision, associate's degree program . Boston College - Chestnut Hill, MA Operations Management and Supervision, bachelor's degree program . Northeastern University - Boston, MA
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Logistics and Materials Management, associate's degree and bachelor's degree . Operations Management and Supervision, associate's degree and bachelor's degree . Transportation/Transportation Management, associate's degree and bachelor's degree. And have got lots of certificates programs. At least 4 research institutes dealing with logistical issues, esp.
Center for Transportation & Logistics: For more than 30 years, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Center for Transportation & Logistics (MIT CTL) has been a world leader in supply chain management and transportation education and research. Number of research entities University of Massachusetts Transportation Center. The current focus of the dealing with sustainability aspects Center’s research, education, and training efforts encompasses the following within logistics major programs: the UMTC/Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) Cooperative Transportation Research Program; the Regional Traveler Information Center (RTIC); the Baystate Roads Program (Local Technical Assistance Program); the Massachusetts Technical Assistance Program (MTAP); the UMassTraffic Research Safety Program (UMassSafe); and, the USDOT University Transportation Center Initiative.” Amherst, MA
Existence of a Strategic Research Agenda dedicated to (sustainable) Not identified logistics
Yes
Center for Transportation & Logistics: For more than 30 years, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Center for Transportation & Logistics (MIT CTL) has been a world leader in supply chain management and transportation education and research. The center's world-renowned research programs directly involve over 75 faculty and research staff from a wide range of academic disciplines, as well as researchers in various affiliate organizations around the world. MIT CTL has three main research programs: Supply Chain Management and Logistics, Transportation, and the impact of Existence of interdisciplinary aging on mobility, health, and wellness. logistics research Outreach: MIT CTL partners with industry to turn the center's innovative (e.g. existence of interdisciplinary research into market-winning applications. MIT CTL currently has more than centres) 45 corporate partners worldwide who participate in events, interact with researchers, and contribute to and help steer research projects.
Interdisciplinary Logistics Research: MIT CTL's top-ranked academic programs include the MIT Supply Chain Management master's program; the PhD program in Logistics and Supply Chain Management; and the MIT- Zaragoza International Logistics program, which offers graduate education in logistics and certificates in various logistics-related disciplines.
Through MIT CTL, MIT is the lead university in Federal Region I of the University Transportation Centers program administered by the US
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Department of Transportation, which provides graduate fellowships in transportation, research and teaching assistantships, and undergraduate research opportunities.
Existence of logistics specific Massachusetts Institute of Technology CTL has got logistics specific vocational training (occupational vocational training and extra-occupational)
Cluster performance
Existence of a logistics cluster There is no designated logistics cluster in Metro Boston. representing the triple helix
(developing or established) Existence of a logistics strategy and /or objectives on cluster (or No regional) level
No, but since 2008, a diverse set of stakeholders in Central Massachusetts, including politicians, universities, businesses, local citizens, and activists, have been working toward facilitating the emergence of an integrated cluster of activity focused on sustainable energy. The green energy cluster initiative was established, with the goal of building on the success of the biotech cluster to continue advancing economic re-vitalization while catalysing a Occurrence of sustainability / sustainable energy transition in the region. An intermediary organization, the green aspects as part of the Institute for Energy and Sustainability (IES), was established, with support logistics cluster or regional from the state government and two local, private universities, to promote strategy / agenda the cluster initiative, and a diverse set of actors and institutions have been working through both integrated and parallel efforts to develop the initiative. While the sustainable energy cluster initiative is still in the early phases of development, the initiative has emerged as a central organizing logic that permeates regional discussions around energy policy, economic development, and the pursuit of sustainability in the region.
Yes Boston Area Sustainability Group (BASG) Existence of demonstration The group is about bringing sustainability practitioners together to share projects designed to the future of ideas, experiences and best practices as to elevate the practice of logistics and/or sustainability of sustainability. transport NEXUSBoston, a Project of the Green Roundtable. “… an independent non- profit organization whose mission is to mainstream green, healthy, efficient, and intentional building and development.”
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References
General Information Population – U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census and Census 2000, Released March 2013, www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/sf1.pdf Economic Performance Gross Domestic Product per capita – own calculations; U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census and Census 2000, Released March 2013, www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/sf1.pdf; U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis: Regional Economic Accounts, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), at: www.bea.gov/regional/index.htm Unemployment Rate – U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and metropolitan area Logistics specific economic performance United States Department of Labor – U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and metropolitan area - http://www.bls.gov/data/ http://themckittricks.net/pdf/publications/BostonMetroComprehensiveEconomicDevelopStrategy.pdf Infrastructure http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cis/ciswel/weltomas.htm http://www.massdot.state.ma.us/portals/0/docs/infoCenter/docs_materials/MassDOT_TransportationFacts.pdf Institutions, Policies & Strategies The Office of Technology Development (OTD) : http://www.bu.edu/otd/ Boston College Office of Technology Transfer and Licensing (OTTL): http://www.bc.edu/content/bc/research/ottl/ The Massachusetts Technology Transfer Centre: http://www.mattcenter.org/about-mttc/about.html Tufts Tech Transfer - The Office for Technology Licensing and Industry Collaboration (OTL&IC): http://techtransfer.tufts.edu/ Science & Education http://www.searchboston.com/boston_directory/Education/Colleges_and_Universities/ http://www.careeroverview.com/usa/massachusetts/boston/business-and-financial-operations/logistics-and- planning/logistics-specialist/ http://trb.metapress.com/content/x606034t246272l7/ http://web.mit.edu/catalog/inter.resea.ctl.html http://engineering.mit.edu/research/labs_centers_programs/ctl.php http://web.mit.edu/sheffi/www/documents/LogisticsClustersV4.pdf http://www.clarku.edu/research/mosakowskiinstitute/portfolio/documents/McCauleyStephens2012.pdf Cluster performance http://www.bu.edu/library/guide/boston/greendesign/
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Metro Busan, S o u t h K o r e a
About the region
Busan is divided into 15 gu (districts) and 1 gun (county). Officially “Busan Metropolitan City” is South Korea's second largest metropolis after Seoul and the largest port city in South Korea and the world's fifth busiest seaports by cargo tonnage. Busan is the fifth busiest seaport in the world, with transportation and shipping among the most high profile aspects of the local economy. Since 1978, Busan has opened three container ports including Jaseungdae, Shinsundae, and Gamman. Busan has one of the world's largest ports and can handle up to 13.2 million TEU shipping containers per year. Busan’s per-capita GRDP (Gross Regional Domestic Product) in 2003 registered KRW 10.68 million, taking the year 2000 as the base year. Except in the particularly difficult years for the Korean economy of 1998 and 1999, per-capita GRDP recorded a precipitous growth over the last two decades. Conversely, the share of Busan’s GRDP in the nation’s GDP has been constantly falling over the same period, reflecting the gradual decline of the region’s contribution to the nation’s economy. [1]
Stakeholder groups engaged in logistics matters
The local government and Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Busan are exploring win- win strategies that can boost mutual interest. The local government is in need of regional HEIs’ participation in social, cultural, environmental development to reinvent the city of Busan. HEIs also recognize the importance of strengthening the regional dimension and ties to stay in the game. This suggests that regional stakeholders in Busan will inevitably reinforce their partnership on the social, cultural and environmental front. HEI’s collaboration with the regional business community is also growing precipitously. HEIs in Busan have already formed partnerships with each other, joint research and seminars, academic information and publication exchanges and sharing research facilities and equipment. However, these partnerships are not producing tangible results as HEIs compete fiercely on student recruitment. It is time to build inter-HEI networks and set up forums to facilitate collaborative participation in the social, cultural and environmental development of the region. [2]
Outstanding characteristics of the region
Busan has great growth potentialities as a port logistics city because trade services proportionate to a hub port in the international route are intensified through the construction of Busan New Harbor and preparation of logistics complex. Furthermore, the private sector is an important engine for development and economic progress. Elements in the business environment such as the regulatory burden, legal and financial infrastructure, transparency, etc all have a powerful effect on the success of enterprises of all sizes, especially micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs). [3]
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To sum up, two characteristics and main benchmarking aspects have to be named:
(1) Major Hub City and Transportation Gateway: Busan is a gateway city connecting the Eurasian continent with the ocean, and is at the same time a logistics hub city of Northeast Asia, located on the world's busiest sea routes. Various transportation systems by air, sea, and land have now been expanded and developed to a top-notch standard. The City has created a high-tech transportation system and an advanced transportation culture. Busan City is trying to become a digitized transportation city, too. [4]
(2) Advanced Regional Innovation System: The producing city sets up with information and high-tech industry structure meeting the information age. The current government put balanced regional development high on the agenda, a series of institutional frameworks were put in place in order to ensure innovation-driven regional development based on the Regional Innovation System. [5]
References
[1] http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=ah2Znx0vQ580 [2] http://www.oecd.org/korea/36040477.pdf, [3] http://www.oecd.org/korea/6102470.pdf [4] http://english.busan.go.kr/04transportation/01_01.jsp [5] http://www.oecd.org/korea/36040477.pdf
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Metro Busan, South Korea
General Information
Busan is divided into 15 gu (districts) and 1 gun (county). Officially “Busan Metropolitan City” is South Korea's second largest metropolis after Seoul and the largest port city in South Korea and the world's fifth busiest seaports by cargo tonnage. Busan is the fifth busiest seaport in the world, with transportation and shipping among the most high profile aspects of the local economy. Since 1978, Busan has opened three container ports including Jaseungdae, Shinsundae, and Gamman. Busan has one of the world's largest ports and can handle up to 13.2 million TEU shipping containers per year.
Busan is ranked the fourth best city after Singapore, Seoul and Tokyo among Asia's top convention cities in a 2011 global ranking by the International Congress and Convention Association (ICCA). Geographical / administrative classification
Population 3.615.000 (2007)
Economic Performance
Busan’s per-capita GRDP (Gross Regional Domestic Product) in 2003 registered KRW 10.68 million, taking the year 2000 as the base year. Except in the particularly difficult years for the Korean economy of 1998 and 1999, per-capita GRDP recorded a precipitous growth over the last two decades. Conversely, the share of Busan’s GRDP in the nation’s GDP has been GDP (per capita) constantly falling over the same period, reflecting the gradual decline of the region’s contribution to the nation’s economy. 2005: GDRP per Capita: 10.236,42 US Dollar (Busan) GDRP per Capita: 13.302,71 US Dollar (South Korea)
Labor market conditions in Busan are weaker than the average standard in Korea. The city’s unemployment rate has improved significantly since the Employment rate economic meltdown in late 1997 to 4.0% in 2004, but is still slightly higher Unemployment rate than the national average of 3.5%. Busan’s jobless rate being higher than the nation’s average has been an ongoing trend for the last ten years. The
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rate of economically active population in Busan was 57.8% in 2004, below the national average of 62.0%. Yes Busan Chamber of Commerce & Industry: Support to Small & Medium Size Companies, Single PPM Campaign for Quality Improvement, Innovating techniques for Small & Medium Sized Enterprises, Distributing Information about Supporting Enterprises Ha Noi Action Plan to implement the Busan Roadmap Towards the Bogor Existence of funding and financing Goals instruments to support SMEs Private Sector Development: The private sector is an important engine for
development and economic progress. Elements in the business environment such as the regulatory burden, legal and financial infrastructure, transparency, etc all have a powerful effect on the success of enterprises of all sizes, especially micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Improving the business environment helps facilitate trade and investment and at the same time is a key strategy for development. Existence of comprehensive Yes support networks for start-ups BEPA – Busan Economic Promotion Agency
Logistics specific economic performance
Number of companies in the Not available / identified logistics sector Share of employees working in Not available / identified logistics Share of corresponding key industries acting as suppliers (ICT) or costumers for the logistics Not available / identified sector (trade, manufacturing industries) Yes Hierarchical Status of Busan & Changes of Spatial Structure from the Viewpoint of Urban Basic Planning The great potentialities in harbor logistics: Busan has great growth potentialities as a port logistics city because trade services proportionate to a hub port in the international route are intensified Existence of surrounding markets through the construction of Busan New Harbor and preparation of to implement innovative logistics logistics complex. solutions The urban character of Busan in the 21st century: Port logistics city: the (e.g. urban or metropolitan areas advanced city equipped with port and logistics facilities equal to World to implement security systems for top 5 ports. urban supply) Information industry city: the producing city set up with information and high-tech industry structure meeting the information age. Cultural and tourist city: the international city full of cultural, artistic and tourist assets. Welfare and environment-friendly city: the welfare city provided with comfortable environment for high living quality.
Infrastructure
Data not found
For Hinterland Transportation (Roads): Length of roads, railways and Busan New Port-Chojeong IC 22.99km waterways in miles Busan New Port-Jillye IC 15.2km Busan New Port-Samrangjin 38.8km Busan New Port-Noth Port 25km
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The split of export and import container transportation along the Gyeongbu Expressway between the Seoul metropolitan area and the Busan metropolitan area is deemed to have greatly contributed to reducing road congestion and boosting export/import competitiveness. 1 International Airports Gimhae International Airport 5 Ports (North Port, South Port, Gamcheon Port, Dadaepo Port, New Port) 1 Freight Terminal (Yangsan Integrated Freight Terminal (IFT)) Dadaepo Port Busan is a hub city where all logistics functions - port, railroad, air traffic and highway - are intergrated. One of world's top five harbors / Well-developed road traffic network /International airport / Starting point & destination of TAR (Trans-Asian Railways) network. Busan is a genuine logistics hub in alliance with port and railroads. Stepping forward to Northeast Asian hub port by 2015 by developing Busan New Port. New concept of shipping and logistics service is to be provided, driven by Busan New Port railroad construction. By attracting international corporations into Busan-Jinhae Free Economic Zone, Busan is shaping up to become the global business and logistics hub The construction of Yangsan Integrated Freight Terminal (IFT) for the Busan region commenced in December 1994 on a site of 317,000m2 and it started operation from June 1999. Located in the vicinity of Busan Port and Gimhae Airport, Yangsan IFT acts as a transport hub for export/import cargo. The Port of Busan is located at the mouth of the Naktong River in South Korea. It is the fifth busiest container port in the world and the largest transhipment port in north-east Asia. The port was the tenth busiest port in Number of freight handling terms of total tonnage and the sixth busiest in terms of 20-foot TEUs of facilities (hubs) to enable containerised cargo in 2007, as reported by American Association of Port multimodal transport; Authorities. The Port of Busan is developed, managed and operated by the number of freight airports, ports Busan Port Authority (BPA) which was established in January 2004. The BPA has made it its aim to transform the Port of Busan into a world-class port. In 1997, the Ministry of Marine and Fisheries (MOMAF) decided to construct a new port 20km west of Busan to alleviate cargo congestion. It was decided to develop a new port, namely Busan New Port, in two phases. Phase one was carried out by a consortium of 11 Korean contractors led by Samsung. Busan port throughput The Port of Busan handles nearly 40% of the country's total marine cargo, 80% of its container cargo, and 42% of national fisheries production. The port handles nearly 130 vessels every day. Total containerised cargo handled by the port in 2007 was 13.3 million TEUs. In addition, the port also handled refrigerated goods of and hazardous goods of nearly 365,000 TEUs. Other containerised cargoes handled during the same year were fertilisers, meat, scrap metal, petroleum and other gases, crude petroleum, coal, leather, fats and oils, iron ore, rough wood, natural sand, milling industry products, and sugar. The port handled 13.426 million TEUs of container cargo in 2008, which was then the fifth highest annual cargo haul in the world. In July 2010, the port reported a 21.7% year-on-year rise in container cargo throughput. The port handled a total of 1.23 million TEUs of containerised cargo in July 2010. Yes Existence of adequate ICT Busan Metropolitan City is one example of a city poised for Smart City infrastructure (e.g. broadband development. Busan is South Korea’s second-largest metropolis and home access) to the fifth-largest port in the world. It also boasts an established 10GB broadband infrastructure, Busan Information Highway. As the city
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continues to grow, it faces the same environmental, economic, and social issues as other metropolitan areas. Because of this, the Busan government is investing in expanding the existing broadband infrastructure to improve urban services and service quality.
Institutions, Policies & Strategies
Yes
Korea Logistics Association Korea Logistics Association is a non-profit organization established in 1984 as a subsidiary association of Ministry of Construction & Transportation (MOCT). With an exclusive goal of contributing to develop the awareness and increase understanding of logistics among the policymakers, the media, the general domestically, KLA was launched. KLA has stood in the center of innovation efforts of logistics in Korea by building a firm basis of domestic logistics and supporting relevant logistics Existence of national or regional and police to government, performing other activities in response to the administrative institutions / challenges of a changing world. Also to link between government authority departments dedicated to deal and logistics professionals, private sector or any other person in close with logistics cooperation. KLA has acted as a logistics portal in Korea and has facilitated the exchange of knowledge and experience to make the logistics system innovative and efficiency. Lying in helping to build the systematic advancement of logistics, boosting science and technology of logistics to be more productive, working to support the advanced infrastructure for the logistics development our primary purpose will be served for the private sector to meet business environment and opportunity more efficiently, and for the government sector to access to private sector with supportive policy more easily, It is our strong promise that KLA will continue not only to endeavour and act upon the purpose but move ahead to secure Korea's competitive edge through logistics innovation.
At least 1 Technology Transfer Centre
Busan Techno Park In order to promote international economic cooperation, BusanCCI has established cooperative ties with the economic communities of many Number of technology transfer countries. Based on the strategic location of Busan in the center of centres / incubators Northeast Asia as a hub port and a gateway to the Eurasian continent, BusanCCI vigorously promotes the expansion of trade, promotion of investment, transfer of technology, and other forms of economic exchange. BusanCCI has also exchanged protocols of cooperation with 24 chambers from 13 countries around the world. Yes The current government put balanced regional development high on the agenda, and since the Balanced National Development Act took office in 2003, a series of institutional frameworks were put in place. It was followed by The First Five-Year Plan on Balanced National Development in June 2004. These measures demonstrate the government’s commitment Existence of innovation policies to take the national development to the next level by shifting the drivers of (funding instruments, innovation growth from input to innovation, redressing the regional imbalances and strategies) seek balanced regional development of innovation capacity. Their aim is to “ensure innovation-driven regional development based on Regional Innovation System.” The RIS is about networking among innovators, sharing learning, creating and disseminating innovation and improving performance. The government’s policy to ensure balanced development outlines 20 tasks in five areas. The five areas are: Seeking Balance, Building New Capital, Promoting
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Innovation, Installing System and Managing Innovation. Of these areas, promoting HEI-regional involvement relates to Promoting Innovation and Managing Innovation. Major tasks in the area of Promoting Innovation are as follows: strengthen local governance by linking HEI- industry-research-local government and establishing a Regional Innovation Committee; develop local talents at HEIs; build universities focused on collaboration with the industry or R&D in the region; set up regional innovation clusters that link production with research functions. Major tasks in the area of Managing Innovation are: select leading groups tailored to regional priorities from each of the six components in RIS (local government, HEIs, SMEs, think-tanks, public organizations and industrial parks); disseminate the leading groups’ success story in regional development and innovation; create learning regions; develop and train leaders and experts who can lead regional innovation and decentralization; host Regional Innovation Exhibitions, in which all six leading groups (roughly 1,000 organizations in total) can take part. Yes Regional Action Programme for Transport Development in Asia and the Pacific, 2007-2011 Policy direction at the ministerial level is paramount to the successful development of mutually beneficial regional transport policies and infrastructure in the Asian and Pacific region, to meet common economic and social interests. Given the rapid pace of change in the region and the need for timely policy direction to achieve progress in transport. It may be time for ministers to establish a formal regional mechanism to facilitate close collaboration and more frequent interactions to address these issues. Establishing a regular meeting or forum of Asian ministers of transport, as exists in Europe, where the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and some member States act as the secretariat of the European Committee of Ministers of Transport, could further assist ESCAP Existence of cluster policies on members and associate members in their efforts to cooperate in improving regional or national level transport in and across the region. The European Committee of Ministers of Transport could prove a useful template in this regard. A similar body, adapted to suit the Asian and Pacific region, could hold meetings every two or three years, possibly with ESCAP acting as its secretariat.
Busan Global Industrial Logistics Complex The Integrated Logistics Complex, with fully integrated sea, air, land and river transport links as well as a second-to-none cutting-edge logistics terminal and infrastructure, will support high value-added logistics activities. The Metropolitan Industrial Complex will be developed as a global parts and materials supply base for the automobile, airline and machinery industries, etc. The Knowledge-based Industrial Complex has a high concentration of environmentally-friendly R&D centers and will be served by a newly-constructed world-class residential district nearby. Yes Busan Metropolitan Government Framework Ordinance on Low Carbon, Green Growth The purpose of this Ordinance is to comprehensively implement Busan Existence of sustainability policies Metropolitan Government's policies on low carbon, green growth and, (e.g. sustainability and mobility thus, contribute to the sustainable development and the improvement of strategies, energy and waste the quality of life of residents by providing for matters delegated by the management strategies) Framework Act on Low Carbon, Green Growth and the Enforcement Decree of said Act and matters necessary for the enforcement thereof.
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Busan Green u-City – Smart City Builds on Cloud Services Delivered by Public-Private-Partnership Busan started its u-City (ubiquitous city) programme in 2005, retrofitting nextgeneration technology into the city’s major infrastructure, encompassing the port, transportation, tourism and convention sectors. To support its continued growth, in 2012, Busan started the second four-year phase of a development programme with four strategic goals: (1) building a City with a Smart Economy, (2) a City with a Smart Life, (3) a City with a Smart Culture, and (3) a Smart Green City. Busan also planned to develop and implement 31 ubiquitous urban services. The Green u-City project is designed to help Busan achieve these objectives. Busan Green u-City is a public-private-partnership between the Busan Metropolitan Government, the Busan IT Industry Promotion Agency, Cisco and KT. Central and city governments, and private partners are investing approximately USD 452 million in the Green u-City project.
Science & Education
8 (applied) universities and research institutes dealing with logistical issues The Korea Institute of Marine Plant Technology, to be completed in 2017 Number of (applied) universities Pusan National University and research institutes dealing Kyungsung University with logistical issues Tongmyong University Donga University Pukyong University Korea Maritime University Youngsan University 5 research entities dealing with sustainability aspects within logistics Busan confronts Nakdong estuary and the ocean. This geographical location makes Busan susceptible to changes in water quality of Nakdong River and the marine ecosystem. In particular, HEIs located close to Nakdong River and those specializing in maritime and fisheries fields are making efforts on various fronts to resolve environmental issues in the region. Silla University’s Nakdong River Research Institute Dongseo University’s Volunteers for Nakdong River Environment Kyungsung University’s Wildlife Hospital Pukyong National University’s Busan Environmental Technology Development Center Korea Maritime University’s Green Technology (alternative energy) Number of research entities Research Center dealing with sustainability aspects within logistics Korea Maritime Institute KMI is a think tank for developing national policies on marine affairs and fisheries and carries out: studies, research and consulting related to marline affairs, fisheries, shipping and port related policies; the collection, analysis and distribution of information on marine affairs, fisheries, shipping and port Industries in Korea and other countries; cooperation and information exchange with fisheries-related industry, academia, research institute and government agencies overseas; research activities conforming to KMI’s mission and joint research with related institutes at home and abroad. On an international level, KMI is aiming for global standards in research activities. KMI aims to develop into a world-class research institute by engaging in exchange Programs and joint research activities with prominent overseas universities, research institutes and
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international organizations, thereby promoting Korea’s status in the international community.
Examples of environmental sustainability activities Silla University’s Nakdong River Research Institute established in 1997 has built an integrated database on rivers in Korea based on inter-disciplinary research on major rivers nationwide focusing on Nakdong River. It has also conducted research on rivers taking environmental, economic, socio- cultural and tourism approaches, and studied the effect of streams on the community and residents. It also continues to educate the general public on the value of rivers and the environment. Dongseo University’s Volunteers for Nakdong River Environment was set up in 1665 to improve and preserve the water quality of Nakdong River Based the volunteer spirit of university students, it conducts various campaigns to raise awareness to revitalize and preserve Nakdong River and the waterfront. Kyungsung University’s Bird Museum established Wildlife Hospital in 1999 (accredited by MOE, Cultural Heritage Administration and Busan Metropolitan Government), which is leading the campaign to preserve wildlife by providing sick or injured wild animals and releasing them back to wildlife once they are cured (250 cases per year). It also has close links with Wildlife Preservation Association, Korea Wildlife Monitor and other wildlife related groups. Examples of environmental technology development Pukyong National University has set up Busan Environmental Technology Development Center to tackle a wide range of environmental issues in Busan. The Center forms research hubs dedicated to resolving environmental by bringing together research capabilities in the region, works with businesses to build voluntary pollution prevention systems and contributes to the development of specialized environmental industries by building environmental technology innovation network. Korea Maritime University founded Green Technology Research Center in March 2004 to help develop environment-friendly alternative technologies that can create pleasant living environment. It also attracted Ministry of Science and Technology’s Nuclear Energy Basic Research Center in July 2005, and is currently working on the development of a reactor required to generate hydrogen, which can be used as alternative energy. Not as defined by Log4Green consortium, but there is an overall strategy that is interesting in this sense: Busan HEI’s contribution to the region’s social, cultural and environmental development is dwarfed by the long-standing relationship between HEIs and the community in historic cities in the West. However, the local government and HEIs in Busan are exploring win-win strategies that can boost mutual interest, as local autonomous government was put in place in the 1980s and student-age population shrinks dramatically since the late 1990s. The local government is in desperate need of regional HEIs’ Existence of a Strategic Research participation in social, cultural, environmental development to reinvent the Agenda dedicated to (sustainable) city of Busan. HEIs also recognize the importance of strengthening the logistics regional dimension and ties to stay in the game. This suggests that regional stakeholders in Busan will inevitably reinforce their partnership on the social, cultural and environmental front. HEI’s collaboration with the regional business community is also growing precipitously. HEIs in Busan have already formed partnerships with each other since the mid 1990s on professor and student exchanges, cross-registration of credits, joint research and seminars, academic information and publication exchanges and sharing research facilities and equipment. Recent years have witnessed increasing number of partnerships between universities
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and junior colleges. In reality, however, these partnerships are not producing tangible results as HEIs compete fiercely on student recruitment. It is time to build inter-HEI networks and set up forums to facilitate collaborative participation in the social, cultural and environmental development of the region. Existence of interdisciplinary Yes logistics research Establishing the Korea Marine Science Technology Institute (in July 2012): (e.g. existence of interdisciplinary conducting R&D on marine science and technology, cultivating centres) professionals Yes Existence of logistics specific Interdisciplinary Program Transportation and Logistics Systems Engineering vocational training (occupational (Masters) and extra-occupational) Pukyong National University
Cluster performance
Yes Establishing a marine and R&D cluster Building Dongsam Innovation Zone (610,000 m2) at Dongsam-dong, Yeongdo-gu by 2012 Relocating marine-related agencies and facilities including the Busan Coast Guard, International Cruise Terminal and Marine Environmental Existence of a logistics cluster Technology Center to the cluster representing the triple helix Relocating the Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute, Korea (developing or established) Maritime Institute, Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration, National Fisheries Products Quality Inspection Service to the cluster Opening the National Marine Museum (in May 2012): the first comprehensive marine museum in the world Establishing the Korea Marine Science Technology Institute (in July 2012): conducting R&D on marine science and technology, cultivating professionals Yes Existence of a logistics strategy and Visions and strategies of Busan: Development of the City into an Ocean /or objectives on cluster (or Capital in the 21st Century or the Era of the Northeast Sea (from the regional) level Director General for Planning, Busan Metropolitan City Council) Yes Occurrence of sustainability / Modal Shift Programme aims to ease road congestion by promoting a green aspects as part of the switch to greener transport mode, coastal shipping for freight traffic. This logistics cluster or regional means fewer trucks on the road and thus less congestion, less pollution, strategy / agenda and more reliable and efficient transport of goods. Yes Busan, as a marine capital city in Asia, is moving forward as a cutting-edge logistics center for Northeast Asia. Existence of demonstration projects designed to the future of Fostering Busan New Port as Northeast Asia's major port logistics and/or Fostering international industrial logistics complex for Busan News sustainability of transport Port Redeveloping of the North Port (Central Bay) Establishing marine and R&D cluster
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References
General Information http://blogs.cisco.com/government/cloud-based-services-infrastructure-transforms-busan-metropolitan-city/ http://eng.bepa.kr/sub03/04.asp http://eng.btp.or.kr/?mnco=btpen0103 http://english.busan.go.kr/data/02government/ordinance2011_05.pdf http://www.epcci.or.kr http://www.gsma.com/connectedliving/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/cl_busan_08_121.pdf http://www.haewoon.or.kr/ksaEng/main/contents.do?menuNo=1300021 http://www.investkorea.org http://www.iwa2012busan.org/2012/09/cities-of-the-future-drivers-of-a-green-economy/ http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2012/11/123_125437.html http://www.koti.re.kr/mail/news/KSP02_chapter04.pdf http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/apec/2006/action.pdf http://www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/6101010.pdf http://www.oecd.org/korea/36040477.pdf, http://www.oecd.org/korea/6102470.pdf http://www.ship-technology.com/projects/portofbusan/ http://www.uia.be/ http://www.unescap.org/EDC/English/Committee/CMG/CMG4-I/Resoloution63_9.pdf http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=ah2Znx0vQ580 http://www.uia.be/ http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2012/11/123_125437.html https://www.busanpa.com/images_eng/02_portconst/img_port_05.gif
Economic Performance http://www.oecd.org/korea/36040477.pdf http://www.epcci.or.kr/business/business02.php http://www.epcci.or.kr/aboutus/aboutus07.php http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/apec/2006/action.pdf http://eng.bepa.kr/sub03/04.asp http://www.oecd.org/korea/6102470.pdf
Infrastructure https://www.busanpa.com/Service.do?id=engbpa_pc_ps_01_7 http://www.koti.re.kr/mail/news/KSP02_chapter04.pdf http://salesgermany.messefrankfurt.com/content/salesgermany/frankfurt/de/exhibitors/messen/veranstaltunge n/korea_railways_logisticsfairbusan/_jcr_content/mainParsys/downloadbox/downloadboxParsys/download_0/fil e.res/KRLF+2013_Brochure.pdf http://www.koti.re.kr/mail/news/KSP02_chapter04.pdf http://www.ship-technology.com/projects/portofbusan/ http://blogs.cisco.com/government/cloud-based-services-infrastructure-transforms-busan-metropolitan-city/
Institutions, Policies & Strategies http://www.kola.or.kr http://www.epcci.or.kr/aboutus/aboutus03.php http://www.oecd.org/korea/36040477.pdf http://www.unescap.org/EDC/English/Committee/CMG/CMG4-I/Resoloution63_9.pdf http://www.unescap.org/EDC/English/Committee/CMG/CMG4-I/Resoloution63_9.pdf http://www.investkorea.org/ikwork/reg/eng/co/index.jsp?l_unit=90202&m_unit=90301&code=1060401&no=60 8300006&bno=210290024&seq=5 http://english.busan.go.kr/data/02government/ordinance2011_05.pdf http://www.gsma.com/connectedliving/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/cl_busan_08_121.pdf
Science & Education http://english.busan.go.kr/05business/06_01.jsp
Review on Research Agendas P a g e | 59 Review on logistics clusters – Metro Busan, South Korea http://english.pusan.ac.kr/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyungsung_University http://english.tu.ac.kr/ http://english.donga.ac.kr/ http://www.pknu.ac.kr/usrEngIndex.do http://english.hhu.ac.kr/english/main/ http://www.ysu.ac.kr/eng/ http://www.oecd.org/korea/36040477.pdf http://www.oecd.org/korea/36040477.pdf http://www.investkorea.org/ikwork/reg/eng/co/index.jsp?l_unit=90202&m_unit=90301&code=1060301
Cluster performance http://www.investkorea.org/ikwork/reg/eng/co/index.jsp?l_unit=90202&m_unit=90301&code=1060301 http://www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/6101010.pdf http://www.haewoon.or.kr/ksaEng/main/contents.do?menuNo=1300021 http://www.investkorea.org/ikwork/reg/eng/co/index.jsp?l_unit=90202&m_unit=90301&code=1060301
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M e t r o D a l l a s – F o r t W o r t h , U S A
About the region
The region North Texas or North Central Texas is the northern part of the central area of Texas, centered upon the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex which is the largest metropolitan area in Texas. Both areas are considered as the economic and cultural hub of Texas and largest land-locked metropolitan area in the US. With nearly 6.5 million inhabitants it is the largest metropolitan area in the South of the United States [1].
Cluster analysis reveal that high-tech industries are strongly concentrated in the Texas North and Dallas – Fort Worth Metro area and play a major role the region’s economy. Six of the top nine clusters operate within the IT/high-tech industries. Major clusters include “Transportation & Logistics and Business & Legal Services”, “Software & Data Processing” and “Aerospace” amongst others [2]. In terms of innovation and industry clusters, the Dallas – Fort Worth Metroplex is recognized globally in four leading industry sectors: Advanced Services, Innovation/Technology, Logistics & Trade and Healthcare. Especially in terms of Innovation/Technology, the greater Dallas region is experiencing steady expansion.
Apart from that, “Logistics & Trade” is highly important for the regions’ economy. Today, the region serves as an essential hub in continental and global transportation of goods and people [3]. Alliance*Texas incorporates one of the world's premier inland ports (“Alliance Global Logistics Hub”) which offers strategic multi-modal transportation access, including: BNSF Railway’s Alliance Intermodal Facility, Class I rail lines (BNSF and UP), Fort Worth Alliance Airport – a 100% industrial airport, Interstate Highway 35W from Mexico to Canada, Texas Highways 114 and 170, and the FedEx Southwest Regional Sort Hub [4].
Stakeholder groups engaged in logistics matters
There are several institutions in the Texas North and Dallas – Fort Worth Metro area dealing with logistics and working hand in hand to improve the regions competitiveness. Alliance*Texas is one of the most important ones, founded in 2010. It realized the concept featured the build-up of the Alliance Global Logistics Hub offering inland transportation options via BNSF’s Alliance Intermodal facility, in addition to the airport, two Class-I rail lines and connecting Interstate highways. The development attracted over 220 companies, creating sub-clusters of industries such as Automotive, Electronics, Healthcare and a consumer goods sub-cluster [5]. In addition, the North Texas Supply Chain Council (NTSCC) is a leading force in the development of a Logistics, Supply Chain & Advanced Manufacturing Center of Excellence for the North Central Texas region [6]. The North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG) is a voluntary association of local governments within the North Central Texas region. As a metropolitan planning organization for transportation it boosts mobility, transport and multimodal-traffic solutions [7].
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As one of the strongest research and education institutions, the Center for Logistics & Transportation Policy (CLTP) has to be mentioned. It was established in 2007 as an affiliate research and continuing education institution and is dedicated to providing the most relevant and cutting-edge logistics & distribution skills for supply chain and logistics and business professionals [8].
Outstanding characteristics of the region
Logistics & Trade are important backbones of the region’s economy, making the region North Texas/Dallas Fort Worth Metro to an essential logistics hub. The regions vision is to become a dynamic and diversified community – achieved by a combination of important developments and concepts.
In terms of acting as a benchmark, the region North Texas is often described as a “target- region”. Statements of testimonials of the “Alliance*Texas” and politicians of the region North Texas underline this fact: Ongoing developments in the region provide several advantages for businesses, research and education institutions. To mention some of them:
(1) Access to all modes of transportation (resulting in lower operating costs and tax benefits) (2) Community of high-tech industries, (3) Voluntary associations of local governments, (4) Technology transfer centers and (5) Science, research and education institutions (dealing with logistics) [9].
These aspects are prerequisites for providing the almost best possible basis for regional and cluster development. The region North Texas has been identified as an ideal benchmark reference in terms of planning initiatives, master plan development and for acceleration of economic and business growth in specific areas and cluster regions.
References
[1] U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census and Census 2000, Released March 2013, www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/sf1.pdf [2] Metroplex Higher Education Benchmarking Study and Enhancement Strategy by SRI International, www.csrl.unt.edu/~kavi/NetCentric/DCC-Report.pdf, Selected Top 9 Cluster Industries in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex Area; Original Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Covered Employment & Wages data [3] Dallas Regional Chamber, Innovation and Industry Clusters www.dallaschamber.org/index.aspx?id=InnovationandIndustryClusters [4] Alliance*Texas, Alliance Global Logistics Hub, www.alliancetexas.com/ [5] Alliance*Texas, www.alliancetexas.com/ [6] DFW Regional Workforce Leadership Council, www.dfw-rwlc.com/industry/logistics.asp [7] North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG), http://www.nctcog.org/ [8]The Center for Logistics & Transportation Policy, http://cltp.tech.uh.edu/ [9] Alliance*Texas, http://www.alliancetexas.com/WhyAllianceTexas/Testimonials.aspx
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Metro Dallas-Fort Worth, USA
General Information
Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area (DFW Metroplex), North Texas or North Central Texas – economic and cultural hub of the region and largest land-locked metropolitan area in the US. The Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area, a title designated by the U.S. Census as of 2003, Geographical / administrative encompasses 12 counties within the U.S. state of Texas. The metropolitan classification area is further divided into two metropolitan divisions: Dallas-Plano-Irving and Fort Worth-Arlington. The North Central Texas Council of Governments or NCTCOG is a voluntary association of governments and serves the region of North (Central) Texas, that is centered around the two urban centers of Dallas and Fort Worth.
Population 6.426.214
Economic Performance
$ 57,692.00 GDP (per capita) (GDP Metroplex 370.741 $)
Employment rate 93.7% (March 2013) Unemployment rate 6.3 % (March 2013)
Halo Capital Funding – Accounts Receiveable Financing Existence of funding and financing Halo Capital Funding provides working capital for small to mid-size instruments to support SMEs businesses through the use of invoice factoring (commonly referred to as Accounts Receivable Financing). Yes, as entrepreneurship is seen as a very critical factor to the country’s long term success, several support networks do exist to foster start-up initiatives and entrepreneurial activities:
Central Texas Angel Network (CTAN) A not-for-profit corporation dedicated to providing quality early-stage investment opportunities for accredited Central Texas angel investors, and to assisting, educating and connecting early-stage growth companies in Central Texas with information and advisors for the purpose of raising money and assisting in their growth.
Existence of comprehensive support North Texas Angels Network (NTAN): networks for start-ups NTAN is a Texas non-profit corporation that seeks quality deals for angel investors to consider. It is a part of a statewide network of angel groups that cooperates on deals across Texas. Its members identify and screen these applicant companies and educate as well as coach early stage companies in North Texas for the purpose of raising money, assisting in their growth and improving the local economy. Entrepreneurs from any industry are encouraged to apply.
Start-Up-Texas A regional arm of the Start-up America Partnership, a group of local entrepreneurs who try to strengthen start-up communities and encourage young companies to grow. Start-up-Texas is a grassroots, entrepreneur-led
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initiative and serves as a rallying point to bring all the elements together – entrepreneurs and start-ups, local talent and universities, activities and mentorship, large companies and local government – all to help start-ups grow.
Logistics specific economic performance
International Logistics Center: The Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex is the primary trucking and freight distribution center, rail and air cargo hub in the Southwestern United States. Number of companies in the More than 600 motor carriers and 100 freight forwarders operate out of logistics sector D/FW. In total, there are 3,538 establishments within the sector “transportation and warehousing” which corresponds closest to “logistics” as a sector. 5.0 % employment rate in “transportation and warehousing” (in quarter 1- 2012) Share of employees working in logistics 143,874 employees in the “transportation and warehousing” sector (in quarter 1-2012)
Cluster analysis reveal that high-tech industries are highly concentrated in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex and are highly important to the region’s Share of corresponding key economy. Six of the top nine clusters are in the IT/high-tech industries. industries acting as suppliers (ICT) or Major clusters include two service industries—Transportation & Logistics costumers for the logistics sector and Business & Legal Services—as well as Construction & Building (trade, manufacturing industries) Materials. 15% of employees work in trade, 8% in manufacturing. Yes. According to the Texas state governor report on the concentration of Key Texas Industries, the share of business concentration was publicised within the sectors of Biotech & Life Sciences Information & Electronics Professional & Financial Services Aerospace & Aviation Industrial Manufacturing Petroleum & Chemical Products Logistics & Transportation and Food & Beverage Processing. Existence of surrounding markets to implement innovative logistics Referring to this, the most considerable sectors/markets (with primarily solutions regard to the Dallas Fort-Worth Metroplex Area – and to the given (e.g. urban or metropolitan areas to concentration) to benefit from innovative logistics innovation are: implement security systems for Pharmaceutical & Medicine Manufacturing urban supply) Semiconductors and Electronic Components Communications Equipment Manufacturing Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing & Transportation Motor Vehicle (and Parts) Manufacturing Agricultural, Mining, and Construction Machinery Industrial Machinery Manufacturing Architectural and Structural Metals Manufacturing Chemical Manufacturing Plastics & Paint, Coating and Adhesive Manufacturing Freight (Road/Rail) Transportation & Support Arrangement Process, Distribution and Logistics Consulting Food & Beverage Manufacturing
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Infrastructure
The applicable logistics infrastructure includes a large interstate highway system with direct NAFTA access and class I rail services, a intracoastal waterway and port network:
79,530 total centerline miles in Texas (include: Interstate Highways, US. Highways, State Highways and Farm to Market Roads as well as Urban Roads Centerline miles are used to measure the length of roads and highways throughout the US.
10,384 rail route miles in Texas Most relevant for the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex Area are the . UP-Union Pacific Railroad, . BNSF Railway and the Length of roads, railways and . Kansas City Southern (KCS). waterways in miles 423 intracoastal waterway miles and 28 ports in Texas On the intracoastal waterway 90 million tons of freight annually.
Unrivaled Logistics Infrastructure Both the public and private sectors have invested heavily to create one of the US’s top transportation networks. The region is home to many logistics service providers, including warehousing and distribution companies, freight forwarders and customs house brokers. By outsourcing, shippers can serve this important market without significant capital investment. • More than 600 motor carriers operate out of DFW Metro and most major U.S. common carriers • Major rail lines and intermodal hubs make the region one of US’s top intermodal transportation centers.
The logistics infrastructure in Texas further includes three intermodal hubs and a network of commercial airports: Intermodal Hubs . Alliance Global Logistics Hub (Fort Worth) . Dallas Intermodal Terminal (Dallas) . Mesquite Intermodal (Mesquite) Regional airport network . DFW Airport (3rd busiest U.S. airport in terms of operations) . Alliance Airport (first master-planned industrial airport) Number of freight handling facilities . Love Field (a central hub for regional and business travel) (hubs) to enable multimodal The Dallas-Fort Worth region is home to the headquarters of two major transport; international air carriers, American Airlines and Southwest Airlines. number of freight airports, ports Important Ports in Texas Deep Water Sea Ports . Port of Houston (the No. 2 busiest port in the U.S. by total cargo volume and 12th busiest in the world 2010). . Port of Beaumont and Port Corpus Christi (in the top 10 among all U.S. ports for total cargo volume). The Ports of Beaumont, Brownsville, Calhoun, Corpus Christi, Freeport, Galveston, Houston, Orange, Port Arthur, and Texas City, are designated as foreign-trade zones (FTZs).
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As High-Tech Industry Companies are highly concentrated in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex Area the existence and availability of advanced Existence of adequate ICT information processing technologies and multi-media telecommunications infrastructure (e.g. broadband systems served by high-density fiber-optic rings and satellite access) uplinks/downlinks.
Institutions, Policies & Strategies
Yes North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG) [voluntary association of local governments within the North Central Texas region – as a Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) for transportation Existence of national or regional in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area]. administrative institutions / departments dedicated to deal with Several regional mobility initiatives issues concerned: logistics Advanced Transportation Management, Air Quality, Traffic Congestion, Multimodal Solutions in the North Central Corridor, Toll Roads, High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lanes, Travel Demand Forecasting Procedures, Commuter Traffic, Pedestrian Transportation, Metropolitan Planning Organization, Rail Station Access, Traffic Congestion and Regional Rail.
The Center for Logistics & Transportation Policy (CLTP), established 2007, is an affiliate research and continuing education institution at the University Number of technology transfer of Houston-College of Technology that is dedicated to providing the most centres / incubators relevant and cutting-edge logistics & distribution skills for supply chain and logistics and business professionals.
Yes The North Texas Regional Center for Innovation & Commercialization (North Texas RCIC) serves the entrepreneurial community through creating opportunities to raise capital for technology based start-up ventures. The RCIC connects companies and entrepreneurs with valuable resources to build scalable businesses that will be the competitive companies of tomorrow. Stakeholders of the RCIC are supporting organisations and partner universities within the region of North Texas.
Existence of innovation policies One of the supporting organizations is the Metroplex Technology Business (funding instruments, innovation Council (MTBC) as the premier technology association in Texas and the strategies) largest pure technology trade association in the Southwestern United
States: Hub of a world-class community which supports investment, commercialization, professional advancement and quality of life. Exists to inspire innovation. Ensures the development of a quality, high tech work force; Influences legislation that benefits the tech industry. Educates technology professionals and Connects the technology community.
Yes In terms of innovation and industry clusters, the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex Area (regional level) is recognized globally in four leading Existence of cluster policies on industry sectors: regional or national level Advanced Services,
Technology, Logistics & Trade and Healthcare.
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Advanced Services DFW is one of the top 10 US metros recognized as a global service center. Advanced services include activities ranging from insurance providers to engineers and lawyers. These operations provide the management and control functions of our economy. Innovation and Technology Texas has long been recognized as a state of technological growth and innovation, and our region proudly contributes to this reputation. As the fourth largest metropolitan area in the country, the greater Dallas region is experiencing steady expansion due to our wealth of resources, reasonable cost of living, and stable economy. The area also commands nearly half of all technology activity in Texas. Logistics & Trade The DNA of the Dallas/Fort Worth economy from the earliest times, this region has leveraged its central geography with transportation assets. Today this region serves as an essential hub in the continental and global transportation of goods and people. Health Care Initiatives The Dallas Regional Chamber is committed to promoting prosperity through focused economic development while supporting the health care industries, marketing the region and attracting new and expanding corporations.
Yes System Policy on Sustainable Practices of the University of Texas The Board of Regents (“Board”) of The University of Texas System (“System”) is committed to stewardship of the environment and promoting the principals of energy efficiency and sustainability. System’s commitment to energy savings goals, reductions in carbon emissions and sustainable design is evident in existing practices. System will continue to implement well-thought-out initiatives that increase efficiencies, reduce Existence of sustainability policies emissions, and promote sustainability practices that contribute (e.g. sustainability and mobility meaningfully to the environment, while still achieving excellence in higher strategies, energy and waste education. management strategies)
Sustainability Office at the University of North Texas The university is commited to following and promoting green standards, maximising efficiency, and becoming a powerful agent of change in local community and abroad. Collaborate – generate cohesion – provide information and support – encourage behaviour change – address environmental, economic and social challenges.
Science & Education
There are total 18 colleges/universities that offer Transportation and Logistics programs within Texas: The most important are: . University of North Texas, Denton, TX The Department of Marketing & Logistics at the University of North Number of (applied) universities and Texas, Center for Logistics Education and Research research institutes dealing with logistical issues . University of Texas, Austin TX
Center for Transportation Research
. University of Texas, Arlington TX College of Engineering - Industrial Engineering Logistics
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. University of Dallas TX Logistics and Materials Management College of Business - Supply Chain Management
. A&M University, College Station TX Industrial Distribution Program --- Global Supply Chain Laboratory Number of research entities dealing . Sustainability Office at the University of North Texas with sustainability aspects within . Texas sustainable Energy Research Institute logistics
Not as defined by Log4Green consortium, but there is a general strategic plan for research of the University of Texas Strategic Plan for Research (University of Texas, El Paso TX) -important aspects at a glance: Existence of a Strategic Research . increase research funding an productivity Agenda dedicated to (sustainable) . improve undergraduate education logistics . doctoral programs . faculty and student development . resources – supports – partnerships . national visibility
Existence of interdisciplinary Yes logistics research University of North Texas – one of six interdisciplinary centers is the Center (e.g. existence of interdisciplinary for Logistics Education & Research centres) Existence of logistics specific vocational training (occupational Not identified and extra-occupational)
Cluster performance
Yes Alliance * Texas In 2010, the development featured the Alliance Global Logistics Hub offering inland transportation option via BNSF’s Alliance Intermodal facility, in addition to the airport, two Class I rail lines and connecting Interstate highways. Naturally, the logistics park is in the middle of the Dallas-Fort Worth metro area, with its 6.6 million inhabitants, as well as many millions more within 250 miles radius - including communities from Oklahoma City to Houston and San Antonio. Existence of a logistics cluster The development attracted over 220 companies, creating sub-clusters of representing the triple helix industries such as Automotive, Electronics, Healthcare and a consumer (developing or established) goods sub-cluster. Some of the companies are running their own logistics operations at Alliance others are supported by the services of 3PLs. International Inland Port of Dallas (IIPOD) The IIPOD is a public-private partnership, serving as a third phase of regional intermodal development (building off of DFW Airport and Alliance*Texas). It is a key driver in making Dallas the nation’s premier logistics and distribution center. IIPOD is a catalyst for Southern Sector investment, job growth and development of sustainable communities, with a goal of increasing the city-wide tax base.
Yes The North Texas Supply Chain Council (NTSCC) is a leading force in the Existence of a logistics strategy and development of a Logistics, Supply Chain & Advanced Manufacturing /or objectives on cluster (or Center of Excellence for the North Central Texas region, which is focused regional) level on strengthening economic development, education opportunities, job creation, and advanced ready-to-work employee base.
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Strategic Plan for the Logistic Cluster in North Texas focus on the following: 1. Secure funding that will advance the Logistics, Supply Chain and Advanced Manufacturing capabilities of the North Texas region, as well as promote the education and training of the workforce. 2. Build partners and relationships between academic, government and industry for the identification of best practices, shared resources and training curriculum. 3. Utilizing the NTSCC, the cluster will continue to focus on needed resources, best practices, economic development strategies and sustainability of certification programs beyond the development of the CLT certification program. 4. Cultivate relationships with industry members involved with the hiring and training of advanced manufacturing and logistics workers. Through active relationships we will be able to insure industry is aware of the scope of information contained in CLA/CLT curriculum and how it relates to the quality of their future employees. 5. Work with area school districts to introduce the MSSC (Manufacturing Skill Standards Council) certification programs into their career and technical curriculums.
Occurrence of sustainability / green Within the Strategic Plan for the Logistic Cluster in North Texas, one focus aspects as part of the logistics area is dedicated to resources, best practices and economic development cluster or regional strategy / agenda strategies and sustainability (see above). Existence of demonstration projects designed to the future of logistics Not identified and/or sustainability of transport
References
General Information Dallas Chamber (www.dallaschamber.org/research/DFWFacts.pdf) US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis (www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_metro/gdp_metro_newsrelease.htm) NCTCOG North Central Texas Council of Governments (www.nctcog.org/) U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and metropolitan area
Economic Performance U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis: Regional Economic Accounts, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), at: http://www.bea.gov/regional/index.htm GDP Metroplex: Own calculations; U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census and Census 2000, Released March 2013, www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/sf1.pdf; U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis: Regional Economic Accounts, Gross Domestic; (GDP by metropolitan area is an inflation-adjusted measure of each metropolitan area's gross product that is based on national prices for the goods and services produced within the area.) U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (Employment growth rate of 2.3 percent in the local area Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex from 2,943,000 (Oct 2011) to 3,009,000 (Oct 2012)). U.S. Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2012 (http://www.bls.gov/ro6/fax/dfw_ces.pdf) (Uemployment declines on a 20.9 percent rate in the local area Dallas- Fort Worth Metroplex from 8.1 (Oct 2011) to 6.4 (Oct 2012)). Halo_Capital Funding - (http://www.halocapitalfunding.com/) Central Texas Angel Network - (http://centraltexasangelnetwork.com/) North Texas Angel Network - (http://northtexasangelnetwork.org/)
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Start-Up-Texas - (http://startuptexas.co/2012/10/all-for-one-and-one-for-all-texas-startups-unite/)
Logistics specific economic performance U.S. Census Bureau: Statistics of U.S. Businesses (SUSB), 2010 County Business Patterns, Number of Firms, Number of Establishments, Employment, and Annual Payroll by Enterprise Employment Size for Metropolitan Areas , NAICS Sectors: 2010, at: http://www.census.gov/econ/susb/ U.S. Census Bureau: Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI) data; Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics, at: http://lehd.ces.census.gov/applications/qwi_online/ (own calculation) Bureau of Labor Statistics, Covered Employment & Wages data) (http://www.csrl.unt.edu/~kavi/NetCentric/DCC-Report.pdf) Report: Texas Industry Concentrations – Where the State’s Key Sectors Cluster (http://www.governor.state.tx.us/files/ecodev/concentrations.pdf)
Infrastructure Texas Department of Transportation Web-Coverage of Roads and Highways (http://www.aaroads.com/texas/) Texas Department of Transportation; Web-Article: Texas in Focus: A Statewide View of Opportunities (http://www.window.state.tx.us/specialrpt/tif/transportation.html) Web-Article: 5 Reasons To Choose the D/FW Metroplex As A Distribution Hub (http://www.darylfloodlogistics.com/sites/default/files/attachments/Distribution-From-Dallas-5-11-update.pdf) Report: Texas - Logistics Hub of the Americas (http://www.governor.state.tx.us/files/ecodev/Logistics_Report.pdf)
Institutions, Policies & Strategies North Central Texas Council of Governments – http://www.nctcog.org/ Center for Logistics & Transportation Policy (CLTP) - http://cltp.tech.uh.edu/ North Texas Regional Center for Innovation & Commercialization (North Texas RCIC) – http://ntxrcic.org/ Metroplex Technology Business Council (MTBC) – http://www.metroplextbc.org/ Dallas Chamber (http://www.dallaschamber.org/index.aspx?id=InnovationandIndustryClusters) University of Texas - http://www.utmb.edu/policies_and_procedures/IHOP/Supporting_Documents/UT%20SYSTEM%20POLICY%20ON %20SUSTAINABILITY%20PRACTICES-Assignments.pdf University of North Texas – Sustainability – http://sustainable.unt.edu/
Science & Education Center for Logistics Education and Research – http://www.cob.unt.edu/logisticscenter/ http://www.cob.unt.edu/mktg/ University of Texas Austin – http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/research/index.html University of Texas Arlington – http://www.uta.edu/ie/ University of Dallas – http://www.udallas.edu/cob/programs/supplychain.html Industrial Distribution Program – http://id.tamu.edu/research-solutions University of North Texas – Sustainability – http://sustainable.unt.edu/ Texas Sustainable Energy Research Institute – http://texasenergy.utsa.edu/ University of Texas El Paso – Strategic Plan – http://www.utep.edu/aboutUTEP/strategic_plan.pdf Center for Logistics Education and Research – http://www.cob.unt.edu/logisticscenter/
Cluster performance Alliance*Texas – http://www.alliancetexas.com/ DFW Regional Workforce Leadership Council – http://www.dfw-rwlc.com/industry/logistics.asp
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Hawaii, USA
Introduction of the region
Hawaii is the most recent of the 50 U.S. states (joined the Union on August 21, 1959), and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean. The state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian Island chain, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over 1.491 miles. At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight "main islands" are (from the northwest to southeast) Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui and the island of Hawaii. It has a total population of 1.392.313 and is still growing [1,2].
Engagement of stakeholder groups and logistics performance
The clusters are driven by the local government. A group of experts (from science, administration and companies) has been established to work out a concept. The group is directed by the State of Hawaii – Department of Transport. Additionally the government of Hawaii is consulted by international experts (for example Prof. Michael E. Porter of the Harvard Business School) [3,4].
First the renewable energy cluster was established [5]. The same concept and experiences were used to start the Hawaii Statewide Transportation Plan (HSTP) - (the concept to build the transport cluster) [6]. That is why sustainability plays an important role in the plan. Every year the concept is updated. That is why new elements like cruise could be inserted in it. Being an island Hawaii’s logistics performance is limited especially compared with other important regions in the world. According to it special status it makes a good job and can be used as an interesting benchmark for regions with similar preconditions.
Outstanding characteristics of the region
Hawaii has two important main characteristics for the ports and the logistics sector: being an island it has to be supplied strongly by sea which results in a strong transportation sector with lots of goods coming to and being transferred from the ports. On the other hand there is an even bigger sector of tourism which has to be taken into account. The space is limited and both sectors need a different infrastructure and have different preconditions. In the last years a subsector of tourism has developed – the cruise sector. The cruise sector is growing fast and represents new demands to the infrastructure.
As an islands Hawaii has limited resources and possibilities to react on this developments and find solutions. It has an interesting combination of the transport sector, the tourism sector and the growing cruise tourism. It can represent a good benchmark for European regions with similar preconditions (e.g. Istanbul and Odessa) and for islands (for example Malta and Cyprus).
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References
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii – Hawaii in Wikipedia [2] http://www.to-hawaii.com/ – Hawaii Travel Guide [3] http://www.isc.hbs.edu/nga/NGA_Hawaii.pdf – Hawaii Competitiveness: State and Cluster Economic Performance, Professor Michael E. Porter, National Governors Association Winter Meeting [4] http://www.isc.hbs.edu/pdf/State_Competitiveness---Hawaii_v312.pdf – Hawaii Competitiveness: Creating a State Economic Strategy, Professor Michael E. Porter, Harvard Business School [5] http://www.hhh.umn.edu/centers/slp/economic_development/documents/ FinalReport_HawaiiCluster.pdf – Report: Hawaii Renewable Energy Industry Cluster [6] http://hidot.hawaii.gov/administration/files/2013/02/hstp2011-volume2-issue-papers.pdf – Hawaii Statewide Transportation Plan
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Hawaii, USA
General Information
Metro Honolulu (Statistical Metropolitan Area) Hawaii is the most recent of the 50 U.S. states (joined the Union on August 21, 1959), and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean. Hawaii is the 8th-least extensive, the 11th-least populous, but the 13th-most densely populated of the 50 U.S. states. Hawaii's ocean coastline is approximately 750 miles long, which is fourth in the United States. Geographical / administrative classification
Population 953.207 (Metro Honolulu 2010)
Economic Performance
GDP (per capita) 50.774 (Metro Honolulu 2010)
Employment rate, 95.4% (Metro Honolulu March 2013) unemployment rate 4.6% (Metro Honolulu March 2013)
Existence of funding and financing After a successful startup, there is no significant support for working SMEs. instruments to support SMEs
Existence of comprehensive support BoxJelly, Blue Startups Hawaii, Startup Hawaii, Hawaii Student networks for start-ups Entrepreneurs, Aloha Startups, Aiga Honolulu
Logistics specific economic performance
Number of companies in the logistics 487 establishments (Metro Honolulu 2010) sector
Share of employees working in 5.5% logistics
Share of corresponding key industries acting as suppliers (ICT) or About 12% costumers for the logistics sector
(trade, manufacturing industries)
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Existence of surrounding markets to implement innovative logistics Not identified solutions (e.g. urban or metropolitan areas to implement security systems for urban supply)
Infrastructure
Length of roads, railways and Roads: 1.102 miles waterways in miles Railways and waterways are not significant for transport
Number of freight handling facilities
(hubs) to enable multimodal Freight Airports: 5, Ports: 11 transport; number of freight airports, ports Existence of adequate ICT infrastructure (e.g. broadband There is a good ICT infrastructure connecting all important islands and areas. access)
Institutions, Policies & Strategies
Existence of national or regional administrative institutions / State of Hawaii – Department of Transport departments dedicated to deal with logistics
Number of technology transfer 2/4 centres / incubators
Existence of innovation policies Hawaii Statewide Transportation Plan (HSTP) (funding instruments, innovation strategies)
Existence of cluster policies on Hawaii’s Renewable Energy Cluster regional Hawaii Statewide Transportation Plan (HSTP) or national level
Existence of sustainability policies (e.g. sustainability and mobility Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative Transportation Sector strategies, energy and waste Honolulu Clean Cities management strategies)
Science & Education
Number of (applied) universities and research institutes dealing with University of Hawaii logistical issues Number of research entities dealing with sustainability aspects within The Economic Research Organization At The University Of Hawai’i logistics Existence of a Strategic Research Agenda dedicated to (sustainable) Not identified logistics
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Existence of interdisciplinary logistics research Not identified (e.g. existence of interdisciplinary centres) Existence of logistics specific vocational training (occupational Not identified and extra-occupational)
Cluster performance
The Hawaii Logistics cluster is the second strongest cluster on Hawaii with a Existence of a logistics cluster total employment of 16.784. Till 2008 it was the fastest growing cluster on representing the triple helix the islands but from 2009 the development stagnates. (developing or established)
Existence of a logistics strategy and There are tendencies to deeper implement the logistics cluster development /or objectives on cluster (or into the Hawaii Statewide Transportation Plan (HSTP) but the results have regional) level not been published yet. Occurrence of sustainability / green Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative aspects as part of the logistics cluster or regional strategy / agenda Existence of demonstration projects designed to the future of logistics None so far and/or sustainability of transport
References
General Information http://www.bls.gov – Bureau of Labor Statistics http://www.to-hawaii.com/ – Hawaii Travel Guide http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii – Hawaii in Wikipedia http://www.bls.gov/eag/eag.hi.htm – U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Economic Performance http://www.deptofnumbers.com/employment/hawaii/ – Statistics http://www.isc.hbs.edu/nga/NGA_Hawaii.pdf – Hawaii Competitiveness: State and Cluster Economic Performance, Professor Michael E. Porter, National Governors Association Winter Meeting http://www.isc.hbs.edu/pdf/State_Competitiveness---Hawaii_v312.pdf – Hawaii Competitiveness: Creating a State Economic Strategy, Professor Michael E. Porter, Harvard Business School
Infrastructure http://hawaii.gov/hnl – Hawaii Airport List http://www.aci-na.org/static/entransit/2009%20Final%20Rankings%20-%20Public.xls – Airport Cargo Statisitcs http://www.hawaii.edu/ – University of Hawaii http://hawaii.gov/ito – Hilo International Airport http://hawaii.gov/hnl/hnl – Honolulu International Airport http://hawaii.gov/ogg – Kahului Airport http://hawaii.gov/koa – Kona International Airport http://hawaii.gov/lih – Lihue Airport
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Institutions, Policies & Strategies http://hidot.hawaii.gov/ – State of Hawaii-Department of Transportation http://hawaii.gov/ – Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism, Hawaii http://www.state.hi.us/dot/about.htm – State of Hawaii – Department of Transport http://www.edinenergy.org/ – Energy Development in Island Nations http://honolulucleancities.org/ – Honolulu Clean Cities http://hidot.hawaii.gov/administration/files/2013/02/hstp2011-volume2-issue-papers.pdf – Hawaii Statewide Transportation Plan http://www.hhh.umn.edu/centers/slp/economic_development/documents/FinalReport_HawaiiCluster.pdf – Energizing Natural Competitiveness: Hawaii’s Renewable Energy Cluster http://www.hhh.umn.edu/centers/slp/economic_development/documents/FinalReport_HawaiiCluster.pdf – Report: Hawaii Renewable Energy Industry Cluster http://www.uhero.hawaii.edu/assets/WP_2013-4.pdf – Sustainable Development And The Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative http://www.hawaiicleanenergyinitiative.org/ http://www.htdc.org/ – High Technology Development Corporation (HTDC)
Science & Education http://uhero.hawaii.edu – The Economic Research Organization At The University Of Hawai’i http://www.theboxjelly.com/ – The BoxJelly – Coworking Hawaii http://www.bluestartups.com/details.html – blue startups Hawaii http://startuphawaii.org/ – Startup Hawaii http://www.hsentrepreneurs.com/ – Hawaii Student Entrepreneurs http://www.alohastartups.com/ – Aloha Startups http://honolulu.aiga.org/ – Aiga Honolulu http://www.otted.hawaii.edu – Office of Technology Transfer & Economic Development (OTTED) http://sugarmillinc.com/ – Sugarmill Woods Homes http://aip.hawaii.edu/default.aspx – Agribusiness Incubator Program - University of Hawaii http://spinoff.nasa.gov/spinoff1996/75.html – Far-West Technology Transfer
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About the region
Hong Kong is one of the two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China, the other being Macau. It is situated on China's south coast and, enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea.
With a land mass of 1,104 km² (426 sq mi) and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. It is on eof the world's leading international financial centres, and has a major capitalist service economy characterised by low taxation and free trade.
The lack of space caused demand for denser constructions, which not only developed the city to become a centre for modern architecture and the world's most vertical city, but also led to a highly developed transportation network with public transport travelling rate exceeding 90 percent - the highest in the world.
As the territory has little arable land and few natural resources, it imports most of its food and raw materials. Hong Kong is the world's eleventh largest trading entity, with the total value of imports and exports exceeding its gross domestic product. It is the world's largest re-export centre. Much of Hong Kong's exports consist of re-exports, which are products made outside of the territory, especially in mainland China, and distributed via Hong Kong.
Its physical location has allowed the city to establish a transportation and logistics infrastructure that includes the world's second busiest container port and the world's busiest airport for international cargo. Even before the transfer of sovereignty, Hong Kong had established extensive trade and investment ties with the mainland, which now enable it to serve as a point of entry for investment flowing into the mainland. Its largest export markets are mainland China, the United States, and Japan [1].
The Port of Hong Kong is a deepwater port, specializing in container shipping. Hong Kong International Airport is a leading air passenger gateway and logistics hub in Asia and one of the world's busiest airports in terms of international passenger and cargo movement, serving more than 47 million passengers and handling 3.74 million tonnes (4.12 million tons) of cargo in 2007.
Stakeholder groups engaged in logistics matters
Formed in December 2001, the Hong Kong Logistics Development Council (LOGSCOUNCIL) provides a forum for the stakeholders to discuss and co-ordinate matters concerning "Logistics Hong Kong" [2]. Members from the public and private sectors are appointed by the Chief Secretary for Administration.
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Outstanding characteristics of the region
The logistics industry is a traditional pillar industry of Hong Kong. It has, over the years, made significant contributions towards promoting the economic development and employment in Hong Kong. The logistics industry covers a broad spectrum of service areas, including sea, land and air terminals, carriage of goods, freight forwarding, and storage and supply chain management.
Logistics in Hong Kong is inseparable from warehousing. According to the statistics of the Rating and Valuation Department, private warehouses with a total area of about 3.47 million square metres as at end 2011 are widely distributed in industrial sites across various districts to provide storage facilities for the logistics industry. Furthermore, in Kwai Tsing alone, some 100 hectares of land are being used for port back-up purposes, including goods vehicle / container vehicle parking and container storage [3].
Many overseas brands have set up regional distribution business in Hong Kong to make use of the established strengths. These companies engage third party logistics service providers in Hong Kong for carrying out inventory management and other value-added services such as labelling and packaging before the goods are distributed to other countries or regions.
The Government is committed to identifying and providing dedicated land for this type of logistics operation in order to support the industry in the provision of high value-added services. In Hong Kong where land is a valuable resource, modern logistic centres are built as multi-storey buildings with driveways facilitating the direct access of heavy goods vehicles to various floors for loading and unloading.
References
[1] General Information - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong [2] Hong Kong Logistics Development Council (LOGSCOUNCIL) - http://www.logisticshk.gov.hk/about/log01.html [3] http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201211/28/P201211280267.htm
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Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
General Information
Geographical / administrative Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong classification Population 7.153.519 inhabitants
Economic Performance
GDP (per capita) 28.616 US Dollar
Employment rate 60.8% Unemployment rate 3.3%
Yes SME Export Marketing Fund: aims at helping SMEs expand their businesses through participation in export promotion activities.
SME Loan Guarantee Scheme: aims to help SMEs secure loans from participating lending institutions (PLIs) for acquiring business installations and equipment; and meeting working capital needs of general business uses. The overall objective is to assist SMEs to enhance productivity and competitiveness. Existence of funding and financing instruments to support SMEs SME Development Fund: aims at providing financial support to projects carried out by non-profit-distributing organisations operating as support organisations, trade and industrial organisations, professional bodies or research institutes to enhance the competitiveness of Hong Kong's SMEs in general or SMEs in specific sectors.
Special Loan Guarantee Scheme: aims to help enterprises secure loans from participating lending institutions (PLIs) for meeting general business needs to tide over the liquidity problem during the global financial crisis with the Government acting as the guarantor.
Yes Youth Business Hong Kong (YBHK): helps young people between the ages of 18 and 35 to start their own business. The scheme offers 4 core services: seed money; business mentorship and professional consultancy; business support; and information and networks.
Youth Employment Start (Y.E.S.): was set up to provide one-stop employment and self-employment support services to young people aged Existence of comprehensive between 15 and 29. Business members aged between 18 and 29 are support networks for start-ups entitled to enjoy the free services and facilities specially designed for them
such as professional consultation service to assist their operation of business.
Support and Consultation Centre for SMEs (SUCCESS): provides on its website a comprehensive range of information about starting business in Hong Kong, including methodology in drafting business plans, market information, costing and expenditure analysis, etc.
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The Entrepreneur’s network: aims to provide entrepreneurs with support for their activities, a platform to share experiences and seek innovative solutions from the diverse membership as well as opportunities created through global strategic relationships.
Hong Kong Science & Technology Park: provides incubation service to assist technology start-ups in their vulnerable inception stages.
Logistics specific economic performance
Number of companies in the 14.154 companies logistics sector
Share of employees working in 124.753 employees logistics
Financial services, trading and logistics, tourism, and professional and producer services are the traditional Four Key Industries in Hong Kong. Share of corresponding key They have been the driving force of Hong Kong's economic growth, industries acting as suppliers (ICT) providing impetus to growth of other sectors and creating employment. or costumers for the logistics Apart from the four pillar industries, the six industries are crucial to the sector (trade, manufacturing development of Hong Kongs economy. At present, the private sector part industries) of these six industries directly contributes about 7% to 8% of GDP, and employs around 350 000 workers, or about 10% of the total workforce.
Existence of surrounding markets to implement innovative logistics solutions Not identified (e.g. urban or metropolitan areas to implement security systems for urban supply)
Infrastructure
Roads: 1300 miles Length of roads, railways and Railways: 110 miles waterways in miles Waterways: 80 miles
Number of freight handling facilities (hubs) to enable Fright airports: 1 multimodal transport; Freight ports: 1 number of freight airports, ports
Existence of adequate ICT Broadband Internet subscribers: 317 (per 1000 population); infrastructure (e.g. broadband Mobile broadband subscriptions: 1304 (per 1000 population); access) Public mobile subscribers: 2296 (per 1000 population)
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Institutions, Policies & Strategies
Existence of national or regional Yes administrative institutions / Government Logistics Department (GLD) departments dedicated to deal The Hong Kong Logistics Development Council (LOGSCOUNCIL) with logistics Number of incubators: 4 The Hong Kong Science & Technology Park incubator: provides subsidized office space, consultancy services, investment matching and a small financial aid package to support R&D.
The DesignSmart Initiative: provides up to HK$100,000 funding for SMEs to Number of technology transfer invest in design projects. centres / incubators
The Design Incubation Programme (DIP): provides office space for design tenants and other professional support.
The Hong Kong’s Cyberport: helps creative digital media SMEs and start- ups realize their ideas and build their business. Existence of innovation policies (funding instruments, innovation Not identified strategies) Existence of cluster policies on regional Not identified or national level
Existence of sustainability policies First Sustainable Development Strategy for Hong Kong - Implementation (e.g. sustainability and mobility Progress Report (March 2008): strategies, energy and waste (Waste management, renewable energy, urban living space). management strategies)
Science & Education
1. City University of Hong Kong 2. The Chinese University of Hong Kong Number of (applied) universities 3. Hong Kong University of Science & Technology and research institutes dealing 4. Hong Kong Baptist University with logistical issues 5. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 6. Hong Kong College of Technology
Number of research entities 1. The University of Hong Kong: dealing with sustainability aspects 2. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology: within logistics 3. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University: Existence of a Strategic Research Not identified Agenda dedicated to (sustainable) logistics Existence of interdisciplinary logistics research Not identified (e.g. existence of interdisciplinary centres) 1. Vocational Training Council Existence of logistics specific 2. AHK Greater China is the official Delegation of German Industry and vocational training (occupational Commerce: and extra-occupational) 3. The Hong Kong Council for Accreditation of Academic and Vocational Qualifications (HKCAAVQ):
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4. The Hong Kong Centre for Transport and Logistics (HKCTL): 5. The Hong Kong Sea Transport and Logistics Association (HKSTLA):
Cluster performance
Existence of a logistics cluster representing the triple helix Not identified (developing or established) Competitive Strategy and Master Plan for Hong Kong as the preferred International and Regional Transportation and Existence of a logistics strategy and Logistics Hub: The Hong Kong Port and Maritime Board commissioned “The /or objectives on cluster (or McClier Team” to define a Competitive Strategy and Master Plan to regional) level strengthen Hong Kong’s role as the preferred International and Regional Transportation and Logistics Hub. Occurrence of sustainability / green aspects as part of the Not identified logistics cluster or regional strategy / agenda Existence of demonstration projects designed to the future of Not identified logistics and/or sustainability of transport
References
General Information Geographical / administrative classification: http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-classifications/country- and-lending-groups
Economic Performance Employment rate: http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/sub/so30.jsp Unemployment rate: Brochure - Hong Kong in Figures 2013 Edition (Government of the HK SAR) GDP per capita: Brochure - Hong Kong in Figures 2013 Edition (Government of the HK SAR) Existence of funding and financing instruments to support SMEs: http://www.smefund.tid.gov.hk/ Existence of comprehensive support networks for start-ups: http://www.ten.org.hk/, http://www.gov.hk/en/business/supportenterprises/businesstopics/financialplanning.htm, http://www.hkstp.org/HKSTPC/news.jsp?lan=en&id=NW_0000811 Existence of funding and financing instruments to support SMEs: http://www.smefund.tid.gov.hk/english/emf/emf_objective.html http://www.smefund.tid.gov.hk/english/sgs/sgs_objective.html http://www.smefund.tid.gov.hk/english/sdf/sdf_intro.html http://www.smefund.tid.gov.hk/english/spgs/spgs_purpose.html http://yen.hkfyg.org.hk/ybhk/new/background_e.htm Existence of comprehensive support networks for start-ups: http://www.e-start.hk/v3/en/v3_services_basic.htm http://www.success.tid.gov.hk/english/inf_ser/bus_sta_up_inf_ser/bus_sta_up_inf_ser.html http://www.ten.org.hk/index.php http://www.hkstp.org/incu/incu/ Share of corresponding key industries acting as suppliers (ICT) or costumers for the logistics sector: http://www.policyaddress.gov.hk/09-10/eng/p21.html
Logistics specific economic performance Share of employees working in logistics: http://www.statistics.gov.hk/pub/B10800102011AN11B0100.pdf (Table A1) Number of companies in the logistics sector: http://www.statistics.gov.hk/pub/B10800102011AN11B0100.pdf (Table A1)
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Number of technology transfer centres / incubators: http://www.investhk.gov.hk/why-hong-kong/government- support-for-companies.html
Infrastructure Length of roads, railways: Brochure - Hong Kong in Figures 2013 Edition (Government of the HK SAR); http://www.td.gov.hk/en/transport_in_hong_kong/public_transport/railways/index.html Length of waterways: Hydrographic Office, Marine Department Hong Kong; Contact person: Michael CM CHAU Number of freight handling facilities (hubs) to enable multimodal transport; number of freight airports, ports: http://www.investhk.gov.hk/zh-hk/files/2012/04/2011.04-logistics-en1.pdf Existence of adequate ICT infrastructure (e.g. broadband access): Brochure - Hong Kong in Figures 2013 Edition (Government of the HK SAR) Existence of national or regional administrative institutions / departments dedicated to deal with logistics: http://www.gld.gov.hk/eng/welcome.htm , http://www.logisticshk.gov.hk/about/index.html Number of freight handling facilities (hubs) to enable multimodal transport; number of freight airports, ports: http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/index/HKG.php
Institutions, Policies & Strategies Existence of innovation policies: http://www.statistics.gov.hk/pub/B11100102011AN11B0100.pdf Existence of sustainability policies (e.g. sustainability and mobility strategies, energy and waste management strategies): http://www.susdev.gov.hk/html/en/council/InfoPaper06-08Annexe.pdf
Science & Education Number of (applied) universities and research institutes dealing with logistical issues: http://www.cityu.edu.hk/seem-mbe/prg-beeltm.htm, http://www.logitsco.cuhk.edu.hk/ , http://www1.ielm.ust.hk , http://www.sce.hkbu.edu.hk/future-students/part-time/cert-dip/CP0167 , http://www.lgt.polyu.edu.hk/en , http://www.ipass.gov.hk/edb/index.php/en Number of research entities dealing with sustainability aspects within logistics: http://www6.cityu.edu.hk/cttfs/stet_lab.htm , http://home.netvigator.com/~hksts/conf10a.pdf Existence of logistics specific vocational training: http://china.ahk.de/services/recruitment-training-vocational- training/vocational-training-hong-kong , http://www.hkcaavq.edu.hk/en/services/assesment/cef-reimbursable- course , http://www.ipass.gov.hk/edb/index.php/en/home?option=com_courses&task=prog_info&progId=AC7E88CF- F65C-412B-97CB-52BF02FED388 , http://info.hktdc.com/shippers/vol25_4/vol25_4_events02.htm , http://www.hkstla.org/calendar/hkstla-shipping-logistics-and-practice-course-intake-17-4 ,
Cluster performance Existence of a logistics strategy and /or objectives on cluster (or regional) level: http://www.logisticshk.gov.hk/board/report1.pdf
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Introduction of the region
The so called Greater Los Angeles Area is California's vast conurbation which includes Los Angeles and nearby cities. It spans five southern counties of the state: Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, Riverside and Ventura.
The economy of Greater Los Angeles is one of the most powerful of California. Its economic power is based on high-tech industries and services. Los Angeles is known for the production and processing of hydrocarbons, heavy industry and the importance of the military-industrial complex. Formerly, aerospace and oil were the dominant economic areas of the city, but have been replaced today by the finance, telecommunications, law, health and transport.
As California’s economy has transformed from mass production to lean production and now mass customization, logistics and supply chain management has become the key to creating a “real time economy” where products are designed and delivered directly to customers. Thousands of jobs are being created to manage efficiently the movement of goods [1]. This is particularly true in Southern California where the region has the largest number of jobs in Logistics, approximately 240,000 in 2003, about 59% of all Logistics jobs in California.
Engagement of stakeholder groups and logistics performance
Los Angeles has a network of quality universities and high schools that have a specific training for careers in supply chain. The university attracts students from around the world and working with businesses in the region. There is a clear opportunity for the research institutions to prepare students to enter the growing logistics sector, as well as to upgrade employees’ skills to allow them to move up the career ladder to supervisory and management positions.
Following Yossi Sheffi [2], Los Angeles has one of the largest logistic clusters in the world. A major example is PortTech Los Angeles, a business incubator dedicated to developing and promoting businesses with clean technologies that help companies and industries resolve their environmental and regulatory challenges. Primarily, PortTechLA transitions entrepreneurs from running a start-up to overseeing a thriving business by providing several crucial services including management consulting, pitch development, discounted office space and access to funding [3].
Los Angeles County and its 88 cities have underperformed in job creation in recent decades, due in part to the lack of a strategic plan for economic development to guide decision making. In 2009, they opted for a clear, comprehensive, collaborative strategy that guides job and business retention, expansion and attraction under the form of a Strategic Plan for the Economic Development [4], including “the continuous stream of goods flowing into and out of the region’s ports sustains other key segments including warehousing and logistics, materials and machinery, and business and financial services”.
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Outstanding characteristics /assets of the region
Los Angeles is located on the Pacific coast. Its port and its economy are closely related with the developed East Asia (Japan, South Korea ...) or developing countries. The town is also close to the Mexican border and is positioned as a major crossroads of NAFTA. It is well integrated with the rest of the United States by the road and rail network. The Los Angeles International Airport is one of the largest in the world.
The Port of Los Angeles had a traffic of 65 million tons in 1994. The dynamic port is that of California Long Beach, with traffic of 87 million tons (1996). $ 230 billion of goods pass through the ports of Los Angeles-Long Beach, with a growth rate of 15% per year (2004 data).
Employment in Logistics grew by 22%, from about 198,000 in 1990 to 240,700 in 2003. The trend is expected to continue as a result of the changes in manufacturing, the growth of international trade and of the volume of goods handled through the ports of Los Angeles / Long Beach, and the increase in population.
To sum up, three main benchmarking aspects should be highlighted:
(1) The number of incubators attests of specific dynamic in the increasing of industrial capacities in the benchmarked region. The presence of PortTechLA is undoubtedly the major asset of the logistics sector in the region, notably in the sustainable development dimension. As a business incubator dedicated to helping clean technology entrepreneurs transform start-ups into thriving businesses. (2) The so called “Strategic Plan for Economic Development” shows the willingness of stakeholders for more coherence and clarity in the field, as well as the integration of all dimensions of the economic development (education, training, policies, infrastructure development…). (3) Existence of a high number of demonstration projects designed to the future of logistics and/or sustainability of transport, such as the Port of Los Angeles’ Technology Advancement Program, the environmental challenges lead by the Harbor Association of Industry and Commerce or the City of Los Angeles’ CleanTechLA initiative.
References
[1] http://www.coeccc.net/Environmental_Scans/Logistics_ExSum_LA_06.pdf [2] http://www.porttechla.org/index.php/logistics [3] http://www.porttechla.org/about [4]http://lacountystrategicplan.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/LACountyStrategicPlanforED.pdf
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Metro Los Angeles, USA
General Information
The Los Angeles metropolitan area, also known as Metropolitan Los Angeles or the Southland, is the 13th largest metropolitan area in the world and the second-largest metropolitan area in the United States. It is entirely located in the southern portion of the U.S. State of California. Its land area is 4,850 sq. mi (12,562 km²).
The metropolitan area is defined by the Office of Management and Budget as the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), consisting of Los Angeles and Orange counties, a metropolitan statistical area used for statistical purposes by the United States Census Bureau and other agencies.
Geographical / administrative classification
Population 12.828.837 (Metro Los Angeles 2010)
Economic Performance
GDP (per capita) 56.183 US Dollars (Metro Los Angeles, 2010)
Employment Rate 95,4% (Metro Los Angeles, March 2013) Unemployment Rate 9,3% (Metro Los Angeles, March 2013)
Yes Los Angeles Business Source Centers LABSCs provide start-up ventures and current small business owners with various cost effective tools to make their business a success. The objective is to make small businesses grow and remain competitive within the City of LA. LABSCs are funded by the City of Los Angeles Community Existence of regional funding and Development Department (CDD) and operated by seven community financing partners in strategic locations. Main services are: one-on-one consulting, instruments to support SMEs small business financing, employee hiring / workforce development,
business plan development, tax incentives and credits (including big support program for greening businesses) business courses.
Small Business Loan Guarantee Program The Small Business Loan Guarantee Program allows a business to not only acquire a loan it could not otherwise obtain, but to establish a favorable
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credit history with a lender so that the business may obtain future financing on its own. Eligible applicants are any small business that employs one hundred people or less. Moreover proceeds must be used primarily in California and for any standard business purpose beneficial to the applicant’s business, such as expansion into new facilities or purchase of new equipment.
Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce In addition to ongoing business and professional development programs, the Chamber offers special programs tailored to meet the needs of small and growing businesses such as roundtables which facilitate meaningful peer-to-peer discussion that drives results for Chamber small business owners.
Yes Office of Economic and Business Policy The OEBP works to retain, grow and attract quality businesses and jobs to the City of LA. It has developed a Business Start-up tool for people starting a business in LA. It helps to find and keep track of everything needed to start a business, from creating a business plan to hiring employees. It is also possible to find out what permits, licenses, and registrations the business requires from City, County, State, and Federal Agencies, and help keep track of status, contacts, and next steps to make business a reality. Moreover the Office developed “the Business Startup Organizer”, a tool which provides tailored resource information for new Existence of comprehensive support businesses. networks for start-ups SocalTECH LLC SocalTECH has been dedicated to promoting the technology industry in Southern California since 1998, and provides the most in-depth, up-to- date, and focused view of high tech in the Southern California area. SocalTECH provides breaking news coverage of Southern California tech companies, including venture funding, business news, and interviews with local technology entrepreneurs and industry luminaries. Moreover the socalTECH.com web site also offers an extensive database of local high tech companies, venture capital and private equity firms, incubators, and service providers, which can be used to find capital, employment, customers, partners, etc.
Logistics specific economic performance
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Statistics of U.S. Businesses (SUSB), Number of companies in the logistics there are 7.692 establishments doing business in the transportation and sector warehousing sector within Metro Los Angeles. 3,4% in Transportation and Warehousing (Metro Los Angeles, 1st Quarter 2012).
The region has the largest number of jobs in Logistics, approximately 240,000 in 2003, about 59% of all Logistics jobs in California. Employment Share of employees working in in Logistics grew by 22%, from about 198,000 in 1990 to 240,700 in 2003. logistics The trend is expected to continue as a result of the changes in manufacturing, the growth of international trade and of the volume of goods handled through the ports of Los Angeles / Long Beach, and the increase in population.
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9,5% in Manufacturing (Metro Los Angeles, 1st Quarter 2012)
Employment statistics in the Metro Los Angeles present the following top Share of corresponding key 5 industry sectors : industries acting as suppliers (ICT) or . Manufacturing costumers for the logistics sector . Professional, scientific and technical services (trade, manufacturing industries) . Health care and social assistance . Retail trade . Accommodation and food services
Existence of surrounding markets to At least 1 interesting implement innovative logistics solutions The “City of Industry” is an industrial suburb of Los Angeles in the San (e.g. urban or metropolitan areas to Gabriel Valley region of Los Angeles County. Home to over 2,500 implement security systems for businesses and 80,000 jobs, but only 219 residents at the 2010 census— urban supply) down from 777 residents in 2000—the city is almost entirely industrial.
Infrastructure
Los Angeles is the central node of a major motorway network, which is estimated to measure more than 1.000 miles at the agglomeration. His total of highways commuting some 160 million miles. Network quality is recognized, but the increasing congestion for several years pushed the authorities to develop alternative means of transport.
Southern California is famous for its freeway system, which functions as the backbone for the extensive local distribution network that serves the regional economy. As of 1997, Southern California was home to 8,906 miles of freeways; 14,998 miles of principal arterials; 17,605 miles of Length of roads, railways and minor arterials; and 8,262 miles of major collectors. This system includes waterways in miles critical access routes to the ports, airports, and rail intermodal facilities.
First some important figures:
. The L.A. Customs District is the second largest in the U.S., based on containerized cargo volume and total cargo value - approximately $350 billion annually. Number of freight handling facilities . Port of Los Angeles connects directly with rail lines to destinations (hubs) to enable multimodal east of the Rocky Mountains via the Alameda Corridor, which is the transport; nation's busiest rail cargo expressway. number of freight airports, ports . The Angeles International Airport (LAX) has more than 1,000 cargo flights each day and is the world's sixth busiest airport by passenger flights, linking Los Angeles to every corner of the globe.
Regarding the infrastructure itself: The Port of Los Angeles The Los Angeles Harbor (or Worldport LA) is located in San Pedro Bay,
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about thirty miles south of Downtown, occupies 30 square kilometers of land area of 69 km of coastline. It forms the fifth port complex in the world and the third for container traffic with the Port of Long Beach. More than 11% of international traffic of the country through the Los Angeles. It is the busiest port in the United States by container volume and the 8th busiest container port in the world.
The Port of Long Beach It is the 2nd busiest container port in the United States. It adjoins the separate Port of Los Angeles. Acting as a major gateway for U.S.-Asian trade, the port occupies 3,200 acres (13 km2) of land with 25 miles (40 km) of waterfront in the city of Long Beach, California. The seaport boasts approximately $100 billion dollars in trade and provides more than 316,000 jobs in Southern California. The Port of Long Beach import and export more than $100 billion worth of goods every year. The seaport provides the country with jobs, generate tax revenue, and supporting retail and manufacturing businesses
The Los Angeles International Airport It is owned by the city of Los Angeles. The airport is located to the west of the city and is, by far, the busiest airport serving the city. It is the sixth busiest commercial airport in the world and the third busiest in the United States; in 2006, LAX handled over 61 million passengers and 2 million tons of cargo.
Other airports John Wayne Airport; Bob Hope Airport; Long Beach Municipal Airport.
Remark Southern California has made substantial investments in infrastructure to service international trade through its airports and maritime ports. The region is a major air cargo center, home to two international and six commercial airports. Most of the region’s air cargo moves through Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), making it the third busiest air cargo facility in the world. Air cargo is critical for many manufacturing operations both in the U.S. and abroad, and the high-value cargo typically shipped by air explains why LAX handles more exports by dollar value ($36.5 billion in 1997) than the nearby Port of Long Beach and Los Angeles ($35.2 billion).
Yes Wireless technology is increasingly being used by cities across the nation in innovative and creative ways for such things as improving citizen access
to government services, helping cities operate more efficiently, creating a Existence of adequate ICT stronger sense of community, and providing more options for wireless infrastructure (e.g. broadband access to the Internet. access) In recognizing the potential benefits of advanced wireless networks for
Los Angeles, Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa and City Councilman Tony Cardenas introduced the “LA WiFi Initiative”, with the goal of connecting Los Angeles residents, businesses and visitors to the global community.
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Institutions, Policies & Strategies
Transportation planning and programming in Southern California are conducted in one of the most institutionally complex settings of any region in the country.
Four different district offices of the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) are responsible for planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of the region’s state highways:
- The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) is the nation's largest metropolitan planning organization (representing six counties, 191 cities and more than 18 million residents). SCAG undertakes a variety of planning and policy initiatives to encourage a more sustainable Southern California now and in the future. This MPO develops the Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) and provides funding for numerous regional transportation studies.
- There are six County Transportation Commissions / Authorities (CTCs) that are responsible for programming and funding the Existence of national or regional transportation projects in Southern California. administrative institutions / departments - There are 14 subregions, represented by councils of government and dedicated to deal with logistics subregional planning agencies that work with SCAG and the CTCs to conduct transportation planning throughout the region.
- At the basis of this pyramid of regional transportation agencies are 184 cities that have critical roles in permitting roadway construction projects and operating and maintaining much of the regional roadway network.
Moreover, jurisdiction related to regional freight movement is shared by: - 3 Joint Powers Rail Corridors Authorities (ACTA, ACE, OnTrac) - 3 Sea Ports (LA, LB, Hueneme) - 4 State/Regional agencies (Caltrans, SCAG, CARB, SCAWMD) - 6 Counties - 6 County Transportation planning Agencies - 8 Airports - 13 Subregional Councils of Government - 184 Cities 30 incubators
Nationally, 87% of start-ups that worked with business incubators are still Number of technology transfer in business three years later, compared to only half of non-incubator centres / incubators start-ups. And 65% of incubator start-ups receive crucial third party funding compared to 10% of non-incubator companies.
Yes
Los Angeles Mayor Council on Innovation and Industry (LAMCII) Existence of innovation policies Formed in March 2012, LAMCII brings together 25 leaders from Los (funding instruments, innovation Angeles’ thriving growth company sector to identify the top issues facing strategies) growth companies in the Los Angeles region and propose actions to spur additional entrepreneurial activity and innovation.
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LAMCII’s activities are the following: 1) leveraging City parcels to create a “technology corridor” along the new light rail Expo line, dubbed the “(t)expo Line,” 2) hosting LA’s Leading Edge Awards, an annual competition to attract innovators to Los Angeles, 3) the Edge.LA Fellowship Program, which is designed to match the 1.1 million college students in the Los Angeles region to successful local businesses.
Thanks to the (t)expo Line, the City of Los Angeles wants to encourage and support development of high-growth communities. The existing and planned extension of the Expo Line cuts across a large portion of Los Angeles, connecting the hot-bed of growth companies in Venice and Santa Monica to other areas of growth in Downtown Los Angeles and Culver City, and offering much needed access to underdeveloped areas in between. The City of Los Angeles can bolster this development with tax- incentives and the contribution of city-owned parcels. City-owned parcels can be leveraged in a public-private partnership to create innovation hubs along the corridor.
LAMCII is working with the region’s major universities, USC and UCLA, to be cornerstone tenants and co-locate their incubation efforts at one of these locations. Yes
Interested by the cluster theory of Michael Porter, Los Angeles authorities decided to identify clusters thanks to the Cluster Mapping Project’s definitions primarily because it allow them to more clearly differentiate between traded industry clusters, in which competitive pressures spur innovation and expansion, and local-serving industry clusters, where the possibilities of expanding by selling outside of the region are limited.
In 2004, 14 traded industry clusters were identified among which “Global connections” which includes international trade / logistics. Characteristics: - Employment (4/’01): 67,715 Existence of cluster policies on - Number of Establishments (4/’01): 3,589 regional - Shipments/Receipts (1997): $7.6 Billion or national level
Los Angeles County has long been a major hub of international trade; key components are the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. Together they comprise the San Pedro Bay Ports, the largest port complex in the U.S. and the third busiest in the world, supporting 25 percent of the nation's international water-borne commerce. In 2003, the container traffic at the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach reached more than 7.8 million loaded TEUs. The Alameda Corridor connects the Ports to the transcontinental railheads just east of downtown Los Angeles, expediting the flow of containerized cargo. Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) is an equally critical piece of the global connections infrastructure. It is the fourth busiest airport in the world, with more than 56.2 million passengers and more than 2 million tons of air cargo shipments in 2003. Yes Existence of sustainability policies (e.g. sustainability and mobility Cap-and-trade program strategies, energy and waste Launched on January 1, 2012, cap-and-trade program is a primary management strategies) mechanism to drive down emissions in California. Under the program, the state establishes a permissible level of pollution and allocates or auctions
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pollution permits to firms that pollute. This created a marketplace for firms with excess permits to sell to others that exceed their allocation. Over time, the state will bring down the total emissions level thereby reducing the number and increasing the cost of available permits and incentivizing the switch to energy efficiency measures, including sustainable energy sources.
Long Beach, the Green Port With a Green Port Policy guiding efforts to minimize or eliminate negative environmental impacts, the Port is a catalyst for innovative environmental programs. Serving as a model for ports around the world, the Port of Long Beach pioneered such programs as the Green Flag vessel speed reduction air quality program, Green Leases with environmental covenants and the San Pedro Bay Ports Clean Air Action Plan. The Port also is moving aggressively to outfit its container terminals with shore power. Shore power allows docked ships to plug into land based electric utility instead of burning diesel fuel to run their auxiliary engines, a source of pollution. By 2014, at least one berth at every container terminal will have shore power. By 2020, all container berths will have shore power.
Green Building Program The City has mandated green building standards for all new public and large private construction projects, creating a market for innovating building materials and designs to reduce energy and water consumption. L.A. is also implementing incentives for private green developments in a committed effort to spur job growth and innovation in the green retrofitting and materials market.
Green LA Through the "GreenLA" plan, Los Angeles has set measurable goals designed to enhance business while reducing the City's carbon footprint. Some of GreenLA's major goals include: Recycling 70 percent of solid waste by 2015, a figure that exceeds California's ambitious recycling goals. Currently, Los Angeles has a solid waste diversion rate of 65 percent which represents the highest diversion rate amongst the nation's five biggest cities. Investing in alternative fuel vehicles, including nearly half of the City's refuse trucks and street sweepers, 188 buses, and nearly 1,000 hybrid passenger cars, to save more than 10 million gallons of fuel annually. Ensuring that the Port of L.A. reduces 80 percent of truck related pollution at the harbor. The City already has phased out 5,000 of the dirtiest diesel trucks hauling port cargo. This plan includes a multimillion dollar investment fund to develop clean transportation technologies in Los Angeles to further clean up the port. Eliminating coal-fired power plants that run on 40 percent renewable energy by 2020.
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Science & Education
4 main universities in California offering courses dealing with logistics issues: - University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Example of courses in the (sustainable) logistics field: Information Systems (incl. SCM, operating systems…); Leadership and Management (incl. SCM, environment and waste management…)…etc.
- California State University (Berkeley) Example of courses in the (sustainable) logistics field: Industrial engineering and operation research (incl. Logistics Network Design and Supply Chain Management; Supply Chain Innovation, Strategy, and Analytics; Facilities Design and Logistics; Supply chain operations and management…etc.).
- University of Southern California (USC) Example of courses in the (sustainable) logistics field: Number of (applied) universities and Industrial and systems engineering (incl. Advanced Production research institutes dealing with Planning and Scheduling; Industrial ecology; Facilities and Logistics; logistical issues Optimisation and Supply Chain Management…etc.).
- California Institute of Technology Example of courses in the (sustainable) logistics field: The Division of Engineering and Applied Science leads to a detailed Global Supply Chain Certificate (incl. Supply Chain Design Overview; Master Planning / Sales and Operations Planning; Production Planning, Scheduling and Control; LEAN Supply Chain Design…etc.).
1 interesting institution for logistics studies: - San Antonio Community College In 2005/2006, the Center of Excellence hosted at Mt. San Antonio Community College, serving Los Angeles County, conducted an Industry Scan to identify Strategic Opportunities for Community Colleges to meet high-growth, high demand training needs of employers in the surrounding community and region. The Logistics industry was the one that presented the most opportunities for training and education. At least these 4: - The Center for Global Logistics and Supply Chain is a research center of the Marshall School of Business at the University of Southern California. The Center is an important focus of the Department of Information and Operations Management. Long recognized as a creative leader in logistics and supply chain management thinking, the department has a dozen faculties actively Number of research entities dealing engaged in the various programs and activities of the Center. with sustainability aspects within logistics - The Rand Supply Chain Policy Center The RAND Corp. has created a research center to address the challenges confronting worldwide freight transportation. The Rand Supply Chain Policy Center examines critical issues facing the transportation and global logistics industries, focusing on the movement of goods by land, sea and air.
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- The Center for International Trade and Transportation (CITT) It was established in 1977 in the College of Business Administration as the Center for Transportation Studies. In 1998 it was renamed and assigned to the College of Continuing and Professional Education (CCPE) as a self-governing multi-function special unit at California State University, Long Beach (CSULB). CITT is a University-approved, multidisciplinary center for multimodal transportation studies and integrated logistics research, education, training, and policy analysis, as well as community outreach.
- The Metrans Transportation Center The CITT is also a partner with the University of Southern California in the Metrans Transportation Center, which was established in 1998 through the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21).
Existence of a Strategic Research Agenda dedicated to (sustainable) Not identified logistics Existence of interdisciplinary At least 1 logistics research The Center for International Trade and Transportation (CITT) (e.g. existence of interdisciplinary See above centres) Yes Around Los Angeles, there are 5 colleges and universities that offer logistics training programs. - Los Angeles City College - Los Angeles Southwest College - Loyola Marymount University - Pacific States University - University of Southern California Of all logistics programs in California, 7% are programs in Los Angeles, while 0.57% of all programs in the field nationwide are Los Angeles programs.
Existence of logistics specific Programs in logistics are offered at both the undergraduate and graduate vocational training (occupational levels in Los Angeles. Colleges and universities in Los Angeles offer 6 and extra-occupational) degree programs, at the following levels:
The chart above shows that logistics programs in Los Angeles at the masters level are most frequently offered by schools in the city. Specifically, around 33% of programs in logistics are at the masters level. And, 1 of the 6 programs are offered at the bachelors level. At the graduate level, logistics programs in Los Angeles offer some coursework, but they generally focus more on research.
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Cluster performance
Yes
There are in Los Angeles a development potential based on the presence of ground infrastructure, major industrial development and, therefore, an obvious potential for collaborative innovation, which can be called “cluster” or “cluster initiative”.
Furthermore the numbers of existing incubators attest of that development potential and of the existing synergies in the area (see above).
PortTech Los Angeles PortTech LA is a business incubator dedicated to helping clean technology entrepreneurs transform start-ups into thriving businesses. Nationally, 87% of start-ups that worked with business incubators are still in business three years later, compared to only half of non-incubator start-ups. And 65% of incubator start-ups receive crucial third party funding compared to 10% of non-incubator companies. As a part of the City of Los Angeles CleanTechLA initiative (see below), PortTechLA has access to experts at some of the world’s great research universities including USC, UCLA and Existence of a logistics cluster CalTech. representing the triple helix
(developing or established) The PortTechForum A monthly meeting hosted by PortTechLA at Los Angeles Harbor College, brings together entrepreneurs, technology company suppliers/consultants, potential funders and business partners for education, discussion and networking opportunities.
The San Pedro Chamber of Commerce and the Wilmington Chamber of Commerce They are stakeholders in PortTechLA and provide referrals to local resources needed by new companies in the harbor area.
Chassis Operations Group Another very specific identified “cluster” is the Chassis Operations Group, made up of stakeholders in the San Pedro Bay port complex working together to find a more efficient chassis supply model for container transportation at the Port of Long Beach and Port of Los Angeles. The Chassis Operations Group is studying the issue to identify a better, more efficient model. Ocean carriers, terminal operators, beneficial cargo owners, trucking companies, railroads and the International Longshore and Warehouse Union are represented in the group. Yes
In 2009, the Los Angeles County Economic Development Corporation (LAEDC) engaged and solicited input from more than 1,080 stakeholders Existence of a logistics strategy and in more than two dozen public forums that brought together leaders from /or objectives on cluster (or the public, private, business, government, labor, education, regional) level environmental, and community-based organizations to develop the first- ever comprehensive, collaborative, consensus Strategic Plan for Economic Development in Los Angeles County.
See also above: Cluster policies
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Yes
In the opinion of Yossi Sheffi, “some of the best logistics clusters, like Los Angeles, Singapore, and Rotterdam, have become hubs of environmental sustainability and innovation. They use hybrid and electric trucks and all kinds of other means to reduce the impact of logistics activity on the environment around them”.
As mentioned above, PortTech LA is one of the most relevant “association” that could attest of the occurrence of sustainability Occurrence of sustainability / green preoccupation in LA. On one hand, it offers several other unique benefits aspects as part of the logistics for clean technology entrepreneurs; on the other hand, PortTechLA works cluster or regional strategy / agenda very closely with the Port of Los Angeles’ Technology Advancement Program (TAP), which is tasked with the responsibility of evaluating and helping fund technologies that support the Port’s Clean Air and Clean Truck Action Plans.
Through event co-sponsorships with organizations such as the Harbor Association of Industry and Commerce (HAIC), PortTechLA has established relationships with many port tenants who need clean technologies to resolve their environmental and regulatory challenges.
See also above: Sustainability policies Clean Tech Los Angeles One new groundbreaking collaborative initiative in which universities are partnering with public agencies and business associations in Los Angeles is called Clean Tech Los Angeles. UCLA, the University of Southern California (USC), the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), the Office of the Mayor of the City of Los Angeles, the Community Redevelopment Agency of the City of Los Angeles, the Los Angeles Business Council, and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power are working together to establish L.A. as the global leader in research, commercialization, and deployment of clean technologies. Existence of demonstration projects designed to the future of logistics The Cleantech corridor and/or Los Angeles is creating a Cleantech Corridor where public investments will sustainability of transport catalyze the growth of a cleantech cluster and green manufacturing jobs in Downtown L.A. The heart of the Cleantech Corridor is the Los Angeles Cleantech Incubator (see above), which will accelerate development of cleantech start-ups by offering flexible office space, CEO coaching and mentoring, and access to a growing network of experts and capital.
Moreover, Los Angeles has developed an extensive R&D network by partnering with Caltech, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, UCLA, USC and L.A.'s premier business groups to make Los Angeles a global leader in the clean technology sector.
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References
General Information http://geography.about.com/od/lists/a/csa2005.htm
Economic Performance http://www.losangelesworks.org/resources/all-business-incentives.cfm http://www.losangelesworks.org/resources/greening-your-business.cfm http://www.sba.gov/ http://www.lachamber.com/webpage-directory/initiatives/initiatives-smallbusiness/ http://represent.la/
Logistics specific economic performance http://www.coeccc.net/Environmental_Scans/Logistics_ExSum_LA_06.pdf http://www.calmis.ca.gov/file/lfmonth/la$pds.pdf
Infrastructure http://www.courrierinternational.com/article/2006/08/03/l-epine-dorsale-des-ameriques http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/freight_analysis/reg_ind_studies/so_cal_study.htm http://www.losangelesworks.org/whyLaWorks/logistics-and-trade.cfm http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/freight_analysis/reg_ind_studies/so_cal_study.htm http://www.lawa.org/lax/ http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/freight_analysis/reg_ind_studies/so_cal_study.htm http://ita.lacity.org/Residents/LAWiFi/index.htm
Institutions, Policies & Strategies http://represent.la/ http://www.porttechla.org/about/the-porttechla-advantage http://edge.la/news-plus-resources/ http://www.polb.com/about/default.asp http://www.losangelesworks.org/frameset.cfm?linkto=http://www.environmentla.com/greenbuilding/newgreen building.html http://www.losangelesworks.org/frameset.cfm?linkto=http://mayor.lacity.org/Issues/Environment/index.htm
Science & Education https://www.uclaextension.edu/pages/BrowseCourses.aspx http://www.ieor.berkeley.edu/ http://www.usc.edu/dept/ise/ http://www.ctme.caltech.edu/operations/global-supply-chain-certificate.html http://www.coeccc.net/Environmental_Scans/Logistics_ExSum_LA_06.pdf http://classic.marshall.usc.edu/assets/004/5388.pdf http://www.its.dot.gov/strat_plan/index.htm
Cluster performance http://www.porttechla.org/about/the-porttechla-advantage
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About the region
Mumbai is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million. Along with the neighbouring urban areas, including the cities of Navi Mumbai and Thane, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world. Mumbai is also the wealthiest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West or Central Asia. Mumbai is the commercial and entertainment capital of India, it is also one of the world's top 10 centres of commerce in terms of global financial flow, generating 5% of India's GDP, and accounting for 25% of industrial output, 70% of maritime trade in India (Mumbai Port Trust & JNPT), and 70% of capital transactions to India's economy. [1]
Stakeholder groups engaged in logistics matters
Logistics networks and clusters are found in the field of transportation and logistics. A few government agencies on national and state level are active in and work on logistics and transportation issues. 7 national associations were found in India for specific logistics and transportation topics. These associations are common platforms for researchers and the industry to exchange their knowledge in this field. They hold annual conferences, seminars and workshops with the main focus on logistics and transportation where they discuss the current issues and problems in this field. Most of the members in these societies are mostly from the industry. Some of the researchers are also active in these forums though. They provide conferences and seminars for common knowledge exchange in this field. However, these clusters are very small and there is no national network and no dedicated logistics institution at a country level. [2].
Outstanding characteristics of the region
Mumbai is India's largest city (by population) and is the financial and commercial capital of the country. Many of India's numerous conglomerates and five of the Fortune Global 500 companies are based in Mumbai. Many foreign banks and financial institutions also have branches in this area, with the World Trade Centre being the most prominent one. As of 2008, the Globalization and World Cities Study Group (GaWC) has ranked Mumbai as an "Alpha world city", third in its categories of Global cities. [3]
To sum up, four characteristics and main benchmarking aspects have to be named:
(1) Logistics Hub and Integrated Logistics Industry: Mumbai possesses a massive railway and road network. Mumbai Port has one of the best natural harbours in the world, and has extensive wet and dry dock accommodation facilities. The port and shipping industry is well established, the logistics infrastructure (such as, integrated logistics parks, container handling facilities, warehousing) is developing. [4]
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(2) Urban Logistics: Mumbai is a big urban agglomeration and therefore faces a number of relevant sustainability issues on urban logistics that is also considered in Mumbai’s Environmental City Development Plan. [5]
(3) Business Startups and Business Incubation: Mumbai was ranked among the fastest cities in India for business startup in 2009 and could be a good benchmarking partner for innovative business models and start-up ideas. IIT Bombay, known as one of the best sources of technology innovation and research excellence in India, was an early adopter of the concept of business incubation in India. [6]
(4) Cooperative Logistics and Sustainability Research: Researchers are very active in very similar fields of logistics research: environment and resource protection, urban planning, reverse logistics including environmental aspects. Also closed loop supply chains from a waste perspective and the construction and optimization of transportation infrastructure to reduce the carbon foot print. [7]
References
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Mumbai [2] http://ganga.iiml.ac.in/~samir/Analysis%20of%20the%20Logistics%20Research%20in%20India.pdf [3] http://www.dqweek.com/dq-week/news/417/alpha-city-mumbai [4] http://www.visionmumbai.org/images/projects/economicgrowthofmmr.pdf [5] http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/go/km/docs/documents/MCGM%20Department%20List/ City%20Engineer/Deputy%20City%20Engineer%20(Planning%20and%20Design)/City%20Development%20Plan /Strategy%20for%20environmental%20improvement.pdf [6] http://www.doingbusiness.org/reports/subnational-reports/india [7] http://ganga.iiml.ac.in/~samir/Analysis%20of%20the%20Logistics%20Research%20in%20India.pdf
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MUMBAI, INDIA
General Information
State capital (Maharashtra) Maharashtra is the wealthiest state in India, contributing 15% of the country's industrial output and 13.3% of its GDP (2006–2007 figures)
Geographical / administrative classification
Population 18.410.000 (2011)
Economic Performance
Mumbai is the world's 29th largest city by GDP.
Mumbai - Business Information: GDP per Capita: US$10,595
GDP (per capita) As of 2009-10, Mumbai enjoys a Per Capita Income of $ 2,845. This is 16.6% higher than 2008-09 levels of $ 2,440. In PPP dollars, Mumbai had a Per Capita Income of $ 7,050 as of 2009-10 fiscal. In the recent years Mumbai is experiencing rapid growth. By 2020-21 fiscal, Mumbai's GDP Per capita at PPP is expected to reach US$ 23,000, making it South Asia's richest city. For the region/state Maharashtra: The proportion of working population was 40.4 percent for the state, being higher at 45.0 percent for rural and 34.5 percent for the urban areas during 2005 – 06 .The same was 37.8 Employment rate, unemployment percent, 41.6 percent and 32.1 percent respectively during 1999-2000. The rate proportion of unemployed persons in population is 0.6 percent in rural, 1.4 percent in urban and 0.9 percent in the state. About 51 per cent of rural population depends on self employment while 57per cent of urban population is dependent on wages/salaries. Yes
Small & Medium Business Development Chamber of India The SME Chamber of India puts efforts for the development and growth of SMEs by organising various activities to accomplish its objectives. The Existence of funding and financing Chamber provides information and guidance to new and existing instruments to support SMEs entrepreneurs in effectively managing and growing their business. The Chamber has developed key strategies to promote and support the SME sector. The Chamber also gives importance to and encourage SMEs to adopt innovative ideas and concepts for the promotion of their business. The Chamber organises many Seminars, Conferences, Workshops and
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Training Programs and other trade promotional activities to educate & create awareness amongst the SMEs. Despite its commendable contribution to the Nation's economy, SME Sector does not get the required support from the concerned Government Departments, Banks, Financial Institutions and Corporate, which is a handicap in becoming more competitive in the National and International Markets.
Initiatives of the SME Chamber: SME Export Promotion Council SME Business Management Institute Europe - India SME Business Council (EISBC) SME Finance and Investment Promotion Council Federation of Indian Young Entrepreneurs Indian SME Knowledge Forum SME Technology Development Council SME Connect - Magazine & Portal Industrial and SME Research Centre of India (ISRCI) SME Business Club Yes Mumbai was ranked among the fastest cities in India for business startup in 2009.
HeadStart The HeadStart Network is a not-for-profit organization (registered under Sec 25) run by volunteers and full time professionals to create and promote Existence of comprehensive the innovation ecosystem in India. We define the innovation ecosystem as support networks for start-ups consisting of entrepreneurs and startups, researchers in academia and industry, adopters of new technology and products and investors. Headquartered in Bangalore but carrying out activities in Mumbai, Hyderabad, Pune, Delhi, Gurgaon, Ahmedabad, Chennai & Kolkata, the HeadStart Network is led by a team of several volunteers who are a mix of entrepreneurs, academics and industry professionals.
Logistics specific economic performance
Number of companies in the Not identified / data not available logistics sector Labor in Greater Mumbai in the field of Logistics: 151,638 employees Share of employees working in (employment share of 5,77%) logistics (April 2006) Share of corresponding key Labor in Greater Mumbai in the field of corresponding key industries industries acting as suppliers (ICT) IT/ITES: 16,372 employees (Share of 0,24%) or costumers for the logistics Manufacturing: 440,529 employees (Share of 16,78%) sector (trade, manufacturing Retail: 598,169 employees (Share of 22,78%) industries) (April 2006) Existence of surrounding markets to implement innovative logistics Yes solutions Facilitate development of storage/logistics infrastructure (such as, (e.g. urban or metropolitan areas integrated logistics parks, container handling facilities, warehousing), in the to implement security systems for region to help retail industry players in better supply chain management. urban supply)
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Infrastructure
Total Length of Roads: 1200 miles
Length of roads, railways and Total Lengths of Highways in miles waterways in miles (Statewise Length of National Highways in India) Maharashtra: 2645 miles (18 Highways)
Number of freight handling facilities (hubs) to enable Not identified / data not available multimodal transport; number of freight airports, ports Existence of adequate ICT infrastructure (e.g. broadband Not identified / data not available access)
Institutions, Policies & Strategies
Yes
Ministry of Urban Development The Ministry of Urban Development has the responsibility of broad policy formulation and monitoring of programmes in the areas of urban development and urban water supply and sanitation. These are primarily State subjects but the Government of India plays a co-ordinating and monitoring role and also supports these programmes through Central and Centrally Sponsored Schemes. The Ministry addresses various issues of urban sector through policy guidelines, legislative guidance and sectoral programmes. The Ministry of Urban Development is the nodal ministry for Existence of national or regional planning and coordination of Urban Transport matters at the central level. administrative institutions / The Ministry had prescribed a National Urban Transport Policy in 2006 with departments dedicated to deal objectives to ensure easily accessible, safe, affordable, quick, comfortable, with logistics reliable and sustainable mobility for all.
Ministry of Road, Transport and Highways MORTH is an apex organisation under the Central Government, is entrusted with the task of formulating and administering, in consultation with other Central Ministries/Departments, State Governments/UT Administrations, organisations and individuals, policies for Road Transport, National Highways and Transport Research with a view to increasing the mobility and efficiency of the road transport system in the country. The Ministry has two wings: Roads wing and Transport wing.
At least 2 IT Business Incubator An IT business incubator was set up at Kanwal Rekhi School of Information and Technology, IIT Bombay in 1999 by the Society for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (SINE), see also below).
Number of technology transfer Technology Business Incubator (TBI) centres / incubators TBI has been established by Society for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (SINE), IIT Bombay, to promote entrepreneurship at IIT Bombay. Running the KReSIT business incubator has created an awareness in the campus, about start-up companies and their associated culture. The next step is to create a facility where companies from all disciplines of science and engineering can be incubated. The institute has submitted a proposal to the Department of Science and Technology (DST) for setting up TBI. Technology
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Business Incubator (TBI) set up at IIT Bombay was inaugurated by Dr. V. S. Ramamurthy, Secretary, Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India on April 28, 2005. Yes
SINE, Society for Innovation and Entrepreneurship SINE, Society for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, hosted by Indian Existence of innovation policies Institute of Technology Bombay- IIT Bombay is an umbrella for promotion (funding instruments, innovation of entrepreneurship at IIT Bombay. SINE administers a business incubator strategies) which provides support for technology based entrepreneurship. Thus, SINE extends the role of IIT Bombay by facilitating the conversion of research activity into entrepreneurial ventures. IIT Bombay, known as one of the best sources of technology innovation and research excellence in India, was an early adopter of the concept of business incubation in India. Yes
Networks and clusters are found in various fields, also in the field of transportation and logistics and Supply Chain Management. Driven by a few government agencies on national and state level are active in and work Existence of cluster policies on on logistics and transportation issues. 7 national associations were found in regional India for specific logistics and transportation topics. These associations are or national level common platforms for researchers and the industry to exchange their knowledge in this field. They hold annual conferences, seminars and workshops with the main focus on logistics and transportation where they discuss the current issues and problems in this field (see also Cluster Performance below). Yes
Sustainable Transportation Strategy for Mumbai (Bombay) Region Using an Integrated Mass Transit Systems Approach Sustainability has significant implications for transportation planning, because present transport activities tend to be highly resource-intensive, have numerous external costs, and frequently distribute impacts inequitably. Sustainability requires rethinking how to measure transportation. It focuses on access, which can often be improved with strategies that reduce the need to travel altogether, such as land use and improved communications. Sustainable transportation necessitates greater reliance on non-motorized transport for local travel, increased use of mass transportation in urban areas, and a reduction of personal automobile use. Mass transportation means are the most energy-efficient and most Existence of sustainability policies environmentally sound ways to move people. Among the benefits of mass (e.g. sustainability and mobility transit are conserving energy and other resources; reducing pollution and strategies, energy and waste its impact on the environment; and alleviating traffic congestion. management strategies) Subsidized public mass transportation could improve inner city residents access to all metropolitan neighborhoods and help reduce reliance on automobiles. In the Indian scenario applied to the Mumbai city, there are permanent problems of congestion, increased travel time, commuter discomfort and environmental pollution. In a conscious effort to tackle these problems efficiently and also taking into account the issue of sustainability.
Mumbai City Development Plan (2005-2025), Strategy for Transportation Transportation is an important component of the economy impacting on development and the welfare of populations. When transport systems are efficient, they provide economic and social opportunities and benefits that impact throughout the economy. Furthermore Transport is the major spine
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for regional economic growth and development. The strategy for transportation features around the need to provide better linkages within Mumbai and with the hinterland, which would minimize travel time and costs as well as lead to decongestion. The facilities for transportation include widening of the arterial roads for transport, development of other connectivity linkages which are crucial for economic development and decongestion, strengthening of public transport and regulation of private transport.
New Practices of Waste Management The Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai has involved other stakeholders such as the CBOs, Citizen’s Groups and NGOs in addressing the problem of solid waste management. It already had created a partnership with the private sector in transporting the waste and disposal of the waste. These experiments have to be seen as efforts for building good governance for the city of Mumbai. After nearly five years of the implementation of these programmes, the benefits to various stakeholders are evident.
Urban Environmental Evolution Mumbai is regarded as having one of the best off public sector services among Indian cities. In spite of that fact, poverty levels are still high and over crowding is causing lapses in the system. However, the significance of poverty related environmental issue is not very high. Most of the indicators under this category revealed steep declining trends. Policy Implications: The next stage could be "Eco-city stage". Municipal authorities can make policies for cleaner production and energy conservation accordingly to achieve environmentally sustainable development in Mumbai. Policies for improved waste management is the need of the hour and so the measures to reduce the energy consumption. Measures to improve public transport would reduce the contribution of GHG to the atmosphere from the mobile sources.
Science & Education
Leading Indian academics and publications in logistics/SCM The cities of New Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Coimbatore, Bangalore and Mumbai each host more than eight institutions. Especially for Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai this leads to an increase in importance in comparison to e.g. Kharagpur that only hosts one institution.
8 (applied) universities and research institutes dealing with logistical issues
IIT Indian Institute of Technology Bombay – Mumbai Number of (applied) universities University of Mumbai and research institutes dealing Narsee Monjee Institute of Management and Higher Studies – Mumbai with logistical issues Indian Institute of Business Management and Studies – Mumbai Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies – Pune, Maharashtra Shailesh J. Mehta School of Management – Mumbai INS Hamla - Mumbai Akruti Citygold Institute – Mumbai
Overview of the most active institutions and their main specializations in logistics research. There are experts in supply chain management, transport logistics and internal logistics as well as operations research. But most of the interviewed researchers are focused on supply chain management. In the field of transport logistics, researchers put their main
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focus on transportation systems and planning. Researchers at technical based institutions are rather specialized in operations research and optimizations. Current trends in logistics research Regarding the topic of globalization, 6 out of 15 institutions work on 8 specific projects in this field. Their specific focus is on outsourcing, global supply chain management, risk management and global issues for logistics and transport modes. Further, researchers are very active in the field of environment and resource protection. In total 21 projects of 11 institutions are related to this topic. They are working on green logistics and technologies, intermodal transportation systems, urban planning and reducing the carbon impact in the field of transportation and logistics as well as reverse logistics including environmental aspects. Also closed loop supply chains from a waste perspective and the construction and optimization of transportation infrastructure to reduce the carbon foot print are important topics. When it comes to the topic of innovations in technology there are only 5 institutions active in this field. They develop RFID systems, ICTs and green channeling systems to improve performance in the transportation sector Number of research entities and the supply chains in cities. dealing with sustainability aspects Furthermore, 5 institutions currently research in the area of security and within logistics risk on 7 projects. They mainly look at risks in supply chains, especially in the food supply chains. Also, 4 departments concentrate on politics, regulations and compliance with regard to logistic issues. They currently work in the field of public private partnerships in the transportation sector and the standardization of regulations at national level (e.g. toll structure). The research topic infrastructure development and improvement of material and transport flows is worked on by 4 institutions. They focus on port and railway optimization, improving the hinterland infrastructure, intermodal transport, railway and port connectivity and urban logistics planning regarding last mile distribution as well as logistics nodes. Aside from intermodal transport, they also try to promote water-based transport. However, most of the research in this sector is carried out by private consultancy firms specific to industry requirements, which makes it inaccessible to the public. At the end, policy level strategies are available, but industry specific research is mostly only possible through consultancy firms. No, but there are at least two strong cooperation existing between academic and industry in logistics research
Cooperations between research institutes Many institutions have active research collaborations with the US, Europe and the UK – also contacts to German institutions. Within India they collaborate with other IITs and IIMs. They are also well connected with Chinese universities. There are some other connections with France, the Existence of a Strategic Research Netherlands, Canada, Thailand, Taiwan and Saudi Arabia. The activities are Agenda dedicated to (sustainable) mainly focused on exchange programs for students and faculty members logistics with foreign universities (e.g. DAAD). These relationships are very formal. However, outside India, Indian researchers are mainly active in the US and UK. They are working on joint projects in logistics and transportation issues. Often they work together on benchmarking studies. If they have common interest in a specific field, they research together in common projects and work on joint publications. Within India, everyone has his own network of collaborative research in his or her own work domain. All faculties carry out joint research in rather informal groups of researchers that meet at conferences and seminars. IITs
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for example, have an integrated IIT system where they carry out joint projects with other IITs in certain funded initiatives. They train their students and exchange the capacities to other IITs. The formal way would be to offer exchange programs for researchers and students though. In general, they are connected through some joint programs and some course delivery (e.g. guest lecture) as well some common research agendas, but always depending on personal relationships rather than officially set-up collaborations. Overall, there is not much of a culture for interdisciplinary research within the IIT and IIM system. Only within a few universities, the logistics-oriented researchers work together on several projects with computer scientists (e.g. IIT Bombay, IIT Delhi). Finally, there are some collaborative research projects in logistics in and with India; the process still is in an early stage though.
Cooperations between research institutes and industry partners In general, most of the institutions have industry connections within India. They are linked with industrial partners of different sectors for which they to optimize processes as well as material and transport flows. To improve the infrastructure for the different transport modes they are well connected with government agencies and work together with them on common projects and initiatives. This way, they are able to provide consultancy services for the private and public sector. In terms of existing logistics business cooperations, joint projects exist with the manufacturing industry, Indian railways, the aviation sector and the government. There are also joint projects with the automotive and food industry. Most of the collaborations are within India though. Fewer activities are with international companies from the US, Europe or other countries.. Yes Institutions and researchers are most active in the field of supply chain management. The second part of the study revealed that most of the researchers are in groups related to public systems and transportation. They are primarily located in the civil engineering departments and management departments. The most active institutions with a focus on logistics are IIT Delhi, IIT Kharagpur, IIT Madras, IIT Roorkee and IIT Bombay. The research in the area of logistics and SCM can mainly be found at the more technically-oriented institutions. Further research capacities in SCM and transport logistics are located in departments of management studies and civil engineering.
At almost every IIT, particularly IIT Bombay, there was evidence of active Existence of interdisciplinary interest in SCM. Similarly, almost every IIM, particularly Ahmedabad, logistics research Calcutta and Kochi, had logistics-focused research specialists. There are (e.g. existence of interdisciplinary several further institutions, which focus on logistics issues in research centres) ITM University of Gurgaon Centre of Excellence in Urban Transport at the Center for Environmental Planning and Technology (CEPT University) MDI Gurgaon Institute of Defense Strategy and Analysis (mainly military logistics) Indian Railway Institute of Logistics and Materials Management Indian Institute of Logistics in Chennai and Kochi Indian Institute of Materials Management in New Delhi Indian School of Business Hyderabad Indian Institute of Science Bangalore Indian Institute of Foreign Trade National Institute for Training in Industrial Engineering (NITIE)
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National Institutes of Technologies (NIT)
In the hot-spots of logistics research in India (e.g. Chennai, Mumbai, Ahmedabad, New Delhi, Roorkee, Kolkata and Kharagpur) interviews were carried out with the identified experts. The major areas of research interest at the business and technical-oriented departments were found to be: Operations research Supply chain management, related to contracts, reverse logistics, automotive logistics, post logistics, health-care operations and pharmaceutical supply chain, aerospace logistics Closed loop supply chains Heuristics for decision making Optimization and planning of inventory and the food supply chain Warehousing Resource planning Communication networks Facility layout and location problems (facility planning) Risk management in humanitarian supply chains Scheduling in the supply chain Pricing and revenue management Planning and control in manufacturing Quality management and service quality Operations research applications Rural technology Supply chain modeling, risks and issues for logistics management and green supply chains Computer simulation of the distribution chain
The transport-oriented institutions are specialized in: Infrastructure and transportation systems Transport policies and logistics sector policies: optimizing the regulation structure, liberalizations as well as barrier analysis Designing transportation networks for freight transport modes (rail, water, road, air) Optimizing the supply chain and logistics management practices related to infrastructure Policy recommendation and consultancy Transportation operations and planning Railway operations Food supply chain management Operations research applications in the aviation sector Modeling of traffic flow and driver behavior Origin-destination models regarding freight Solid waste management Yes
Lack of specialized training and education Even though the logistics sector is growing, whether it is roads, aviation, railways, containers or the use of various modes of transport, the amount Existence of logistics specific of students and the technical knowledge in the sector is quite low. But in vocational training (occupational the manufacturing part of the curriculum, people have an understanding of and extra-occupational) different technologies so that they can find a natural way to enter those sectors. In the areas of logistics there is a great need for education, but there are not enough institutions that offer training in logistics. Compared to engineering and manufacturing, where students intensively learn the topic and finally can get their qualification certified, in the area of logistics
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and transport, this is only very rare, since there is a lack of specialized educational training institutes in this sector. However, the skill development efforts in the transportation, warehousing and packaging sector are an important trend. Not only skills, but also attitude and behavior are important in managing supply chains and need to be dramatically improved. The academic institutions do not cooperate well with other institutions so that knowledge is not being shared and developed efficiently.
Cluster performance
Yes Logistics networks and clusters There are several logistics hubs in Mumbai, Calcutta, New Delhi and Chennai. Most of common activities in research and industries are in these metropolitan areas. Every institution has its own network; most of the cooperations are based on personal contacts. Logistics networks and clusters are found in the field of transportation and logistics.
Academic clusters for logistics and supply chain management consist mainly of the IITs and IIMs as well as NITs (e.g. Bangalore, New Delhi, Calcutta, Lucknow, Ahmedabad, Kharagpur, Madras, Mumbai and Chennai). Concerning transport infrastructure and transportation research, the main clusters are in Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Chennai and Mumbai. IIT Delhi has some very good programs on transport safety and sustainable transport. IIT Madras has specializations in urban transport and the best qualitative research is carried out by the IIMs in Bangalore and Ahmedabad.
A few government agencies on national and state level are active in and work on logistics and transportation issues. 7 national associations were found in India for specific logistics and transportation topics. These associations are common platforms for researchers and the industry to Existence of a logistics cluster exchange their knowledge in this field. They hold annual conferences, representing the triple helix seminars and workshops with the main focus on logistics and (developing or established) transportation where they discuss the current issues and problems in this field.
National government organizations Ministry of Service Road Transportation and Highways National Highways Authority
State government organizations State roads departments
Associations Confederation of Indian Industries (CII) Loyola, Institute of Business Administration in Chennai (LIBA) Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) Production and Operations Management Association Society of Transport Management Society of Operations Management Supply Chain Operational Research
International programs Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC for international cooperation by the Ministry of External Affairs in disaster relief SC)
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IBSA forum: members from India, Brazil and South Africa
CII Institute of Logistics has been established by the Confederation of Indian Industry as a Center of Excellence in Logistics and Supply Chain and to improve the competitiveness of Indian Industry in this domain. CII's Institute of Logistics (CIL) creates a platform to gain more insight into the emerging trends, industry specific problems of national importance and global best practices in logistics & supply chain management. It enables the industry to cut down the transaction cost, increase efficiency, and enhance profitability and enable to sensitize and bring solutions to macro level issues. With a relentless aspiration to enhance logistics competitiveness in the industry, CIL provides a complete range of services such as education, training, consultancy, research, events and information services & publication. Yes Strategy for Transportation (in: Mumbai City Development Plan 2005-2006) The transportation in Mumbai is focused around travel between places of stay and work. The historical development of Greater Mumbai and scarcity of land had resulted in an upsurge in growth of satellite towns and beyond along the rail and road transport corridors. The strategy for transportation features around the need to provide better linkages within Mumbai and with the hinterland, which would minimize travel time and costs as well as lead to decongestion. The facilities for transporation include widening of the arterial roads for transport, development of other connectivity linkages which ar crucial for economic development and decongestion, strengthening of public transport and regulation of private transport.
Regional Development Strategy The analysis of growth trends and review of experience of last 20 years indicates reconsideration of the above framework on several grounds. Some of these are: (1) Industrial growth in MMR has been sluggish both in terms of value added and employment, (2) employment in large establishments including public sector establishments has not grown, (3) resources for infrastructure investment required for supporting and Existence of a logistics strategy and promoting poly-centric pattern of development have not been coming /or objectives on cluster (or about easily, (4) the resident population of Island City has begun to decline. regional) level But growth of Navi Mumbai after twenty years of efforts has been modest and the population is only a fraction of what was targeted in the 1973, (5) strategy of bulk land acquisition has succeeded in Navi Mumbai but similar efforts in Kalyan had to be given up. The jurisdiction of the municipal authorities is to be controlled according to the statutory development plans required to be prepared for the municipal areas. Thus the legally enforceable provisions of the regional plan are confined to the non municipal areas of MMR. With the creation of new municipal authorities in the last two decades such residual area has progressively reduced, but still accounts for about 70% of the area of the MMR. The MR&TP Act envisages that development control in non municipal areas be exercised by the District Collector under section 18 of the Act in conjunction with the provisions of the Land Revenue Code. But the experience shows that this institutional arrangement has some serious weaknesses.
Urban Land Policy Some of the crucial problems that the MMR faces today like extremely inadequate shelter opportunities, inadequate land for provision of social facilities and lack of resources for local infrastructure are ingrained in the present land policy (or the lack of it). Although provision of infrastructure helps increase the land values, the private land market tends not to provide
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adequately for infrastructure like roads, parks, schools, hospitals etc. This leads to "inefficient" land use patterns. Further the legal private land market for variety of reasons tends not to cater to the low income sections resulting in "inequitable" distribution of land and shelter opportunities. Thus on account of both efficiency and equity goals of urban development it is imperative to intervene in the private land market.
Transportation: A Strategic Perspective Transport infrastructure is of key importance in determining the land use patterns. Efficient transport provides mobility to citizens that is essential for development of skilled urban labour market. Historically the sea port and the railways have been the most important inputs to the phenomenal growth of Mumbai. As this sector is very sensitive to technological developments and behavioural changes a long term end state plan cannot be meaningfully prepared. What is necessary is to identify a broad strategy within which detailed short term investment programmes could be developed. Yes Mumbai Sustainability and Corporate Citizenship Protocol With its ever increasing population, deteriorating environmental conditions, income disparities, scarcity of land resources, Sustainability of City becomes a major agenda for Mumbai. Indian Merchants’ Chamber (IMC) and Asian Centre for Corporate Governance & Sustainability (ACCGs) are pleased to submit their Mumbai Sustainability & Corporate Citizenship Protocol. The Umbrella Protocol provides practices, policies and procedures Occurrence of sustainability / for development of sustainable companies & approach for sustainable green aspects as part of the Mumbai city, thereby providing quality life to its citizens. logistics cluster or regional strategy / agenda Mumbai Master Plan The Mumbai Master Plan embodies sustainable design principles by incorporating climatically responsive passive design strategies in conjunction with active clean infrastructure systems to realize a hyper- efficient urban design solution. The new master plan for the region of Mumbai known as Dharavi is dependent on symbiotic relationships. Relationships between the commercial sector and the residential sector - sharing infrastructure, architectural design solutions, social/economic relationships. Mumbai & the sustainable city agenda This pioneering redevelopment project will reshape the southern edge of Existence of demonstration the city, which is home to the Dawoodi Bohras Ismaili Muslim community. projects designed to the future of Dilapidated buildings will be demolished and replaced with mixed-use logistics and/or towers, large public spaces and parking lots. Existing religious structures sustainability of transport will be preserved and made more accessible. Twenty-five thousand people and 1,200 commercial organisations will be re-housed at no cost to the individuals and companies affected.
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References
General Information http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai_statistics http://mahades.maharashtra.gov.in http://www.mumbainet.com/images/cityinfo/citymap.gif
Economic Performance http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Mumbai http://www.biztradeshows.com/india/mumbai/business.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Mumbai http://mahades.maharashtra.gov.in/files/report/nss_62_10.pdf http://www.smechamberofindia.com http://www.startup-india.org/ http://headstart.in/ http://mumbai.startupweekend.org/ http://www.siliconindia.com/events-overview/startup-city-Mumbai-Startup_mumbai_2012.html http://www.doingbusiness.org/reports/subnational-reports/india http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Mumbai
Logistics specific economic performance http://www.visionmumbai.org/images/projects/economicgrowthofmmr.pdf http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous?NavigationTarget=navurl://d267a564fbcc7c7a033ca48f340282e e http://morth.nic.in/showfile.asp?lid=366 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai_statistics http://startcc.iwlearn.org/doc/Doc_eng_16.pdf http://www.visionmumbai.org/images/projects/economicgrowthofmmr.pdf
Institutions, Policies & Strategies http://www.globallogisticsassociates.com/our~offices/?action=office&id=69 http://www.bchaa.com/ http://www.mansaship.com/ http://www.maharashtra.ngosindia.com/ http://www.cpwd.gov.in/ http://moud.gov.in http://morth.nic.in/ http://www.maharashtra.ngosindia.com/technology-transfer-association-mumbai.html http://www.sineiitb.org/ http://www.idisc.net/en/Incubator.169.html http://www.ircc.iitb.ac.in/~webadm/update/archives/August_2003/enterpre2.html http://www.iitb.ac.in/archive/sine/sine.htm http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/go/km/docs/documents/MCGM%20Department%20List/City%20Engineer/Deputy% 20City%20Engineer%20(Planning%20and%20Design)/City%20Development%20Plan/Strategy%20for%20environ mental%20improvement.pdf http://spcept.ac.in/pdf/New%20Practices%20of%20Waste%20Management%20-%20Case%20of%20Mumbai.pdf http://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=758612 http://www.seas.columbia.edu/earth/wtert/sofos/Urban_Environmental_Evolution_The_Case_of_Mumbai.pdf http://www.umcasia.org/content.php?id=36
Science & Education http://ganga.iiml.ac.in/~samir/Analysis%20of%20the%20Logistics%20Research%20in%20India.pdf
Cluster Performance http://ganga.iiml.ac.in/~samir/Analysis%20of%20the%20Logistics%20Research%20in%20India.pdf http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/go/km/docs/documents/MCGM%20Department%20List/City%20Engineer/Deputy%
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20City%20Engineer%20(Planning%20and%20Design)/City%20Development%20Plan/Strategy%20for%20transpor tation.pdf http://www.regionalplan-mmrda.org http://www.asiancentre.org/Mumbai_Sustainability_and_Corporate_Citizenship_Protocol_N1.pdf http://www.article13.com/A13_ContentList.asp?strAction=GetPublication&PNID=1564 http://smithgill.com/media/pdfs/mumbai_master_plan_for_web_2.pdf http://www.ciilogistics.com/newsroom.htm
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Introduction of the region
The New York metropolitan area, also known as the "Tri-state area," includes New York City, Long Island and the lower Hudson Valley as well as larger cities around New York City in New Jersey (Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, Trenton, and Edison) as well as Pike County, Pennsylvania. With almost 20 Million inhabitants (greater metropolitan area 22 Million), the New York City metropolitan area is the most populous in the United States. It is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world [1].
Metro New York is foremost a center of finance, international trade, media and entertainment, tourism, biotechnology, and manufacturing. With over 30 intermodal facilities (including the Port of New York and New Jersey and the John F. Kennedy International Airport) and a consumer market of more than 20 million people, Metro New York is one of the major logistics hubs in North America. Each day, over 434 million tons of freight move into, through and out of the region. By 2030, this volume is expected to increase by 85 percent. The largest portion by weight of the freight that moves includes commodities such as food and building products [2].
Engagement of stakeholder groups and logistics performance
Since we are looking at a metropolitan region with three States (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania), there are several institutions of all three stakeholder groups that are engaged in logistics matters. However, neither in one of the single States nor in the Metro area itself an “institutionalized” logistics cluster could have been identified; no institution is exclusively engaged in fostering logistics development and in bringing together different logistics stakeholders. However, several institutions, policies and strategies have been identified which are dedicated to logistics & transportation matters and/or to sustainability.
However, just looking at the figures, talking about a logistics cluster is admissible: There are about 14.000 establishments doing business in the transportation and warehousing sector, employing about 340.000 people within Metro New York [3, 4].
Looking to the governmental side, the New York Metropolitan Transportation Council (NYMTC) is one of the most important stakeholders to be named. NYMTC is a regional council of governments that provides a collaborative planning forum to address transportation-related issues and that develops regional plans and makes decisions on the use of federal transportation funds [5]. The Council recently developed the “Plan 2040”, which will be the new Regional Transportation Plan for the years 2014-2040. The plan provides a blueprint for long-range strategic transportation studies and investments. The draft Plan, entitled “A Shared Vision for a Sustainable Region”, also includes a new program of projects and policies to advance regional freight planning goals. Looking at New York City specifically, there are many actions taken in the past years and plans for the future to make New York a sustainable city. “PlaNYC” is an effort undertaken by Mayor Bloomberg to
Review on Research Agendas P a g e | 114 Review on logistics clusters – Metro New York – New Jersey, USA prepare the city for one million more residents, strengthen the economy, combat climate change, and enhance the quality of life for all New Yorkers. Two plans have been set in this sense: “A greener, greater New York” in 2007 and “A Stronger, More Resilient New York - A roadmap for producing a truly sustainable 21st century New York” in 2013. With both plans, the Majors office shows great foreside and is leading the way.
In relation to its broad and outstanding research facilities, logistics specific science & research in Metro New York is relatively small. However, there are some universities and research institutions doing dedicated research in logistics, supply chain management, operations research or engineering. Moreover, some of these universities like the Columbia University who pays special attention to sustainability issues – like in the Smart Cities Center of the Center for Life Cycle Analysis [6].
Outstanding characteristics /assets of the region
Metro New York is one of the main logistics hubs within the United States – foremost in terms of industry performance. Moreover, New York City has to be recognized as a highly engaged city in terms of sustainability efforts. Not only on strategic level and by setting up plans, but also on an operational level by defining concrete actions and implementing them – New York is on cutting edge.
References
[1] U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census and Census 2000, Released March 2013, www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/sf1.pdf [2] New York Metropolitan Transportation Council - http://www.nymtc.org/, Freight Transportation [3] U.S. Census Bureau: Statistics of U.S. Businesses (SUSB), 2010 County Business Patterns, Number of Firms, Number of Establishments, Employment, and Annual Payroll by Enterprise Employment Size for Metropolitan Areas, NAICS Sectors: 2010, at: http://www.census.gov/econ/susb/ [4] U.S. Census Bureau: Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI) data; Longitudinal Employer- Household Dynamics, at: http://lehd.ces.census.gov/applications/qwi_online/ [5] New Jersey Department of Labor & Workforce Development, Office of Research and Information, Bureau of Labor Market Information New Jersey’s Transportation: Logistics & Distribution Industry Cluster, March 2013. [5] New York Metropolitan Transportation Council (NYMTC) - http://www.nymtc.org/ [6] Columbia University – h p://www.columbia.edu/
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Metro New York, USA
General Information
The New York metropolitan area, commonly referred to as the "Tri-state area," includes New York City, counties comprising Long Island and the lower Hudson Valley in New York State; the six largest cities in New Jersey (Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, Trenton, and Edison) and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut (Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury), as well as their vicinities; and Pike County, Pennsylvania. As per the 2010 Census, the New York City metropolitan area remains the most populous in the United States. It is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world.
Geographical / administrative classification
The map shows the Combined Statistical Area, comprising 22.2 million inhabitants in 2011. Without the pink counties, the map shows the New York metropolitan area focused in this review. General note: As the metropolitan area comprises three states - each only parts of it – information is not always available for this administrative classification: If data or information refers to a different level of reference, this will be indicated. Population 19.567.410 (Metro New York 2010)
Economic Performance
GDP (per capita) $63.835 (Metro New York 2010)
Employment rate, 91,6 % (Metro New York, March 2013) Unemployment rate 8,4 % (Metro New York, March 2013)
Yes, there are several funding instruments in each of the three States. In the following, only three are mentioned: Existence of funding and financing instruments to support New York City Entrepreneurial Fund (NYCEF) SMEs The City created the $22 million fund – the first of its kind outside Silicon Valley – to provide promising New York City-based technology startup companies with early-stage capital. Entrepreneurial companies can receive up to $750,000
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for the first round of investment.
New Jersey Business Growth Fund New Jersey Business Growth Fund is a fund for small or mid-sized companies that are creating or retaining jobs in New Jersey. The funding is to be used for real estate or equipment.
Small Business First (SBF) The Small Business First (SBF) loan program is designed to stimulate the expansion and assist in the retention of small businesses for the purpose of creating new jobs and retaining existing jobs in Pennsylvania.
Yes, there are several support networks for start-ups in each of the three States. In the following, only two are mentioned:
New York Venture Community The New York Venture Community is the group for entrepreneurs, startup teams, venture capitalists and venture service providers in the New York Metro region.
New York TechMeetUp (NYTM) Existence of comprehensive NYTM is a not-for-profit, community-led organization. NYTM centers around its support networks for start-ups monthly events, where members gather to watch emerging companies demo new ideas, hear leading-edge thinking on technology topics, and build their networks to develop their businesses.
New Jersey Business Incubation Network (NJBIN) NJBIN is a collaborative statewide community of business experts and resource facilities dedicated to enhancing the commercial success of early stage and expansion stage entrepreneurial companies, growing higher paying jobs, and supporting the economic growth strategy for the state.
Logistics specific economic performance
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Statistics of U.S. Businesses (SUSB), there Number of companies in the are 13.454 establishments doing business in the transportation and logistics sector warehousing sector within Metro New York.
Share of employees working in 4,1% in Transportation and Warehousing logistics (Metro New York, 1st Quarter 2012)
4,4% in Manufacturing (Metro New York, 1st Quarter 2012) Share of corresponding key industries acting as suppliers Metro New York is foremost a center of finance, international trade, media (ICT) or costumers for the and entertainment, tourism, biotechnology, and manufacturing. With a logistics sector (trade, consumer market of more than 20 million people, there are all kinds of manufacturing industries) industries acting as suppliers or costumers for logistics.
Existence of surrounding markets Metro New York is considered a global city. With around 20 million inhabitants, to implement innovative logistics the area is one of the most important regional economies in the world. A solutions dense urban area can be found as well as suburban areas in Upstate New York (e.g. urban or metropolitan areas and New Jersey. to implement security systems for urban supply) Each day, over 434 million tons of freight move into, through and out of the
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region. By 2030, this volume is expected to increase by 85 percent. The largest portion by weight of the freight that moves includes commodities such as food and building products. Thus, there are manifold opportunities to test and implement various innovative logistics systems.
Infrastructure
Within the NYMTC (New York Metropolitan Transportation Council) planning area (including only parts of Metro New York: New York City, Long Island and the Lower Hudson Valley; area covers 2,440 square miles and a population of 12.4 million).
- 655 miles of highways
Data regarding the length of rail lines are not available for Metro New York. The map below shows the existing freight rail lines and the major rail yards in the Metro New York Area. According to NYMTC, less than 1% of freight was carried by rail in 2004.
Length of roads, railways and waterways in miles
Source: New York Metropolitan Transportation Council: PLAN 2040 (Draft Version), Appendix 8: Freight Plan
Considering the existing coastline, inland waterways are of minor interest for freight transport in Metro New York. There are at least 31 intermodal facilities in the Metro New York area including including foremost rail/highway container or trailer transfer facilities and rail/highway bulk transload facilities, but also 4 truck/port & rain facilities and 4 air cargo facilities.
Number of freight handling The two main intermodal facilities are: facilities (hubs) to enable The Port of New York and New Jersey (PONYNJ) multimodal transport; The Port of New York and New Jersey is the third-largest seaport in North number of freight airports, ports America and the largest maritime cargo center on the East Coast with over 5,5 million TEUs handled in 2012. Within the Port, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) manages six marine terminals that receive containerized, bulk (oil, cement, etc.), and break bulk (steel pipe, concrete blocks, etc.) cargoes, and send U.S. exports to markets around the world. In
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addition, domestic break bulk and bulk cargoes are shipped inbound and outbound through nearly 200 public and private marine terminal facilities located throughout the NYMTC Region. The facilities that handle bulk and break bulk cargoes are located within New York City, along the North Shore of Long Island, and along the Hudson River in Westchester and Rockland counties, as well as in New Jersey. John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) is one of US leading international air cargo centres. The region's biggest air cargo airport accommodates long- haul direct and nonstop international/transcontinental traffic. The entire air cargo area is designated as a Foreign-Trade Zone and is featured with automated and computer-controlled cargo terminals. Over 1.000 cargo companies are based at the airport. Existence of adequate ICT infrastructure (e.g. broadband Yes access)
Institutions, Policies & Strategies
Yes Each of the three States (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania) has several institutions, policies and strategies dedicated to logistics & sustainability. Since it would go beyond the scope of this review, the following information is a short extraction and will primarily focus on institutions, policies and strategies on Metro New York level. As a result it can be stated, that there are some institutions and regional policies on regional level. However, most of the policies & strategies still remain on state level. Corporate logistics policies or strategies on Metro level can therefore not be located.
New York Metropolitan Transportation Council (NYMTC) The New York Metropolitan Transportation Council (NYMTC) is a regional council of governments that is the metropolitan planning organization for New York City, Long Island and the lower Hudson Valley. NYMTC provides a collaborative planning forum to address transportation-related issues, develops regional plans and makes decisions on the use of federal transportation funds.
Existence of national or regional Regional Plan Association (RPA) administrative institutions / Regional Plan Association (RPA) is an independent urban research and departments dedicated to deal advocacy organization. RPA works to improve the prosperity, infrastructure, with logistics sustainability and quality of life of the New York-New Jersey-Connecticut metropolitan region.
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey The Port Authority is an entity controlled jointly by the States of New Jersey and New York. It is responsible for the city’s airports, the bridges and tunnels connecting New York City to New Jersey, regional bus terminals, the Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) rail system, and major parts of the region’s ports infrastructure.
NY-CT Sustainable Communities Consortium An unprecedented bi-state collaboration of cities, counties and regional planning organizations, including NYMTC, has come together to launch New York-Connecticut Sustainable Communities. This initiative, funded by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Sustainable Communities Regional Planning Grant integrates housing, economic development, transportation and environmental planning.
PortNYC
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NYCEDC's (New York City Economic Development Corporation) PortNYC supports developing the City's passenger and freight transportation terminals to sustain the region's economic growth. Its facilities include marine cargo terminals, rail facilities, cruise terminals, ferry landings, and heliports within the five boroughs of the City of New York. PortNYC strive to be the preeminent provider of strategic planning for aviation, rail freight and maritime-policy initiatives that foster economic development. There are at least 15 public technology transfer centres and incubators in the Metro New York area. In the following, only two are mentioned:
Clean Technology Entrepreneur Center In June 2013, New York City Economic Development Corporation (NYCEDC) announced plans to launch a Clean Technology Entrepreneur Center to assist cleantech and energy entrepreneurs with the unique challenges they face in starting and growing early-stage companies in New York City. The Center, a partnership with Polytechnic Institute of New York University (NYU-Poly), will Number of technology transfer concentrate activities and services in order to further develop collaboration, centres / incubators innovation, commercialization and entrepreneurship. NYCEDC and NYU-Poly expect to launch the Center in the fall of 2013.
Business Development Incubator New Jersey City University The Business Development Incubator (BDI) at New Jersey City University (NJCU) is located in a designated New Jersey Urban Enterprise Zone with excellent connection to the greater New York metropolitan area, midway between Newark International Airport and Manhattan. BDI facilitates the formation and development of technology-based entrepreneurial ventures, helping them survive and grow during their critical start-up period. Yes
Within the last ten years, since Mayor Bloomberg took office a steady stream of innovative policies has been introduced: from a competition to recruit a new applied sciences campus to a far-reaching sustainability plan (see below). Some reforms have been more successful than others, and some more widely embraced by New Yorkers, but these policy innovations have undeniably reshaped city government, improving service delivery and sparking economic growth. In the following, only a few can be mentioned:
Plan 2040 Plan 2040 will be the new Regional Transportation Plan (RTP, the Plan) for the New York Metropolitan Transportation Council (NYMTC) planning area for the years 2014-2040. The plan provides a blueprint for long-range strategic Existence of innovation policies transportation studies and investments. The draft Plan is currently available for (funding instruments, innovation public review (May 2013). strategies) The draft Plan, entitled A Shared Vision for a Sustainable Region, includes the NYMTC members’ vision and lays out the long-range framework for maintaining and improving the region’s transportation system, including freight and mass transit facilities. It identifies the transportation improvement concepts, projects and policy recommendations that will address the region’s long-term growth challenges and needs.
Regional Freight Plan Update Interim Plan As part of the Plan 2040, the Regional Freight Plan Update 2015-2040 Interim Plan offers the first step towards developing a new program of projects and policies to advance regional freight planning goals.
The Third Regional Plan The Regional Plan Association (RPA) published in 1996 already their third
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regional plan with the title “A Region at Risk”. Starting point was the recognition that the region’s continued prosperity and global standing were no longer guaranteed. Success could no longer be defined in simple terms of economic growth without accounting for social and environmental costs and benefits. In the third plan, RPA reconnected the region to its basic foundations, arguing that economy, environment and equity – what the plan called the “three E’s” – formed the basis of the region’s quality of life, prosperity and vitality, and that these had to be rebuilt, together. At the same time, sustainable economic growth driven by productivity gains and access to larger markets could fail without new investments in infrastructure, communities, environments and the work force. The RPA announced in April 2013 to launch of new Regional Plan. The plan shall develop a blueprint for growth and sustainability in the New York metropolitan region for the generation to come. The plan shall examine the most pressing challenges, including climate change, fiscal uncertainty and declining economic opportunity.
The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey has extensive environmental programs, ranging from proposed strategies to reduce air emissions from shipping to an Environmental Management System (EMS) to reduce impact from facilities' operations. Managing four major airports and the majority of the ports in the region, this engagement is an important signal for all entities dealing with logistics. In the following, only two programs are mentioned: Clean Air Strategy for the Port of New York and New Jersey The Port Authority has worked with its partners to develop a Clean Air Strategy for the Port of NY and NJ. The strategy lays out practical actions that the Port and industry stakeholders can take to reduce diesel and greenhouse (GHG) emissions in advance of potential regulations.
Clean Vessel Incentive Program The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey Clean Vessel Incentive (CVI) Program is a program that provides financial incentives to encourage operators of ocean-going vessels calling at certain Port Authority marine terminals to make voluntary engine, fuel and technology enhancements that reduce emissions beyond the regulatory environmental standards. The Program operates through December 31, 2015.
NYSERDA Transportation program The New York State Energy Research & Development Authority’s transportation program supports both research and development (R&D) of advanced technologies and the deployment of newly emerged products, and improvement of the performance of the State's transportation sector. The Program is designed to promote business development, protect the environment, increase energy reliability, and enhance a competitive- transportation energy market. The program funds projects that enhance mobility, improve efficiency, reduce congestion, and diversify transportation methods and fuels.
Advanced Transportation Technologies The New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) has issued a Program to support development, demonstration, and commercialization of innovative transportation products, systems and services. The program titled “Advanced Transportation Technologies” offers a total of $2.5 million of NYSERDA funding. Projects can span a range from initial feasibility studies to full-scale product development efforts.
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No Neither at States or City level, nor on metro New York level dedicated cluster policies can be found. However, the states are promoting special industries within their economic development efforts.
New York City's major business sectors The Center for Economic Transformation (CET) at NYCEDC develops the City's major business sectors by creating jobs and promoting entrepreneurship. Over the past year, CET launched many innovative initiatives to create opportunities for businesses and individuals. The major business sectors are: - Biosciences Existence of cluster policies on - Clean Technology & Energy regional or national level - Fashion - Financial Services - Food Manufacturing & Retail’ - Industrial - Media & Emerging Tech
New Jersey Industry Cluster - Focus The New Jersey Department of Labour and Workforce elaborate analysis of the States key industry clusters as these clusters are “the engines that drive job expansion and attract new businesses in New Jersey”. However, there is no real cluster policy behind these annual reports.
Yes PlaNYC – A Stronger, More Resilient New York “A Stronger, More Resilient New York - a roadmap for producing a truly sustainable 21st century New York” is a plan to provide additional protection for New York’s infrastructure, buildings, and communities from the impacts of climate change. Launched in June 2013 the plan contains actionable recommendations both for rebuilding the communities impacted by Sandy and increasing the resilience of infrastructure and buildings citywide.
PlaNYC – A greener, greater New York Released in 2007, PlaNYC was an effort undertaken by Mayor Bloomberg to prepare the city for one million more residents, strengthen the economy, Existence of sustainability combat climate change, and enhance the quality of life for all New Yorkers. The policies Plan brought together over 25 City agencies to work toward the vision of a (e.g. sustainability and mobility greener, greater New York. This vision included reducing the city’s greenhouse strategies, energy and waste gas emissions by more than 30 percent by 2030 and 126 other initiatives. management strategies) Logistics and freight transportation plays a minor role in the plan. However, “improvement of freight movement” and other logistics-related actions are part of the plan.
Green NYC 2025 In 2011, New York City Economic Development Corporation (NYCEDC) began work on Green NYC 2025, an ongoing initiative to identify opportunities in the rapidly emerging green sector, as well as the challenges the City faces for future growth. By taking advantage of New York City's depth of assets, coupled with the City's public policy leadership in sustainability and the growing entrepreneurship in the tech sector, NYCEDC is developing a strategy to facilitate the growth of green and cleantech companies.
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Science & Education
The New York metropolitan area is home to many institutions of higher education. Three of the top universities in the world reside in New York City (Columbia University in Manhattan, New York University and The Rockefeller University). Two of these universities have dedicated research facilities for logistics, supply chain management, operations research or engineering. However, all together only 5 universities have been investigated in the Metro New York area being engaged in this topic:
Number of (applied) universities - Columbia University – The Fu Foundation School of Engeneering and Applied and research institutes dealing Science with logistical issues - New York University - The Rudin Center for Transportation Policy and Management at NYU's Wagner School - New York University - Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Supply Chain Management and Global Sourcing - Rutgers Business School-Newark and New Brunswick - Center for Supply Chain Management & Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation - Hofstra University - Department of Global Studies and Geography (incl. Logistics) There are only two Centers that could have been identified dealing with sustainability aspects within logistics:
Smart Cities Center at Columbia University Research conducted by the Smart Cities Center develop and monitor sustainable urban infrastructure and buildings, improve the power supply through smart grid technology, detect and counteract problems with aging urban infrastructure, calculate and communicate optimal transportation routes Number of research entities under congested traffic conditions, and deploy ubiquitous sensing devices to dealing with sustainability facilitate everyday activities in a crowded urban environment. aspects within logistics Center for Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of Columbia University The Center was formed with the objective of conducting comprehensive LCAs of energy systems. LCA provides a framework for quantifying the potential environmental impacts of material and energy inputs and outputs of a process or product from "cradle to grave". The mission of the Center is to guide technology and energy policy decisions with data-based, well balanced and transparent descriptions of the environmental profiles of energy systems.
There is no explicit strategic research agenda on logistics or supply chain management existing in the city or at one of the named universities. However, there are two outstanding projects planned in New York City in the next few years that need to be mentioned here and which will create new impulses also for logistics and sustainability research in Metro New York:
Applied Sciences NYC A two-million-square-foot applied science and engineering campus will be Existence of a Strategic Research build on Roosevelt Island in New York City. Cornell University and the Agenda dedicated to Technion-Israel Institute of Technology – two of the world’s top institutions in (sustainable) logistics the fields of science, engineering, technology and research – will implement the new facility. The vision is to build a world-class applied sciences and engineering campuses in New York City. Hundreds of new companies shall be created, generating upwards of $6 billion in economic activity and tens of thousands of new jobs.
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Center for Urban Science and Progress (CUSP) The Center for Urban Science and Progress (CUSP) is a unique public-private research center that uses New York City as its laboratory and classroom to help cities around the world become more productive, livable, equitable, and resilient. CUSP observes, analyzes, and models cities to optimize outcomes, prototype new solutions, formalize new tools and processes, and develop new expertise/experts. These activities will make CUSP the world’s leading authority in the emerging field of “Urban Informatics.”
Yes NYC Urban Technology Innovation Center Existence of interdisciplinary The Center is a partnership between New York City and local universities which logistics research (e.g. existence will connect pioneers in the field of green building to individuals and of interdisciplinary centres) businesses that are most likely to utilize green building technologies, encouraging innovation and effective use of clean-technology in City buildings.
Existence of logistics specific Not identified vocational training (occupational and extra-occupational)
Cluster performance
Existence of a logistics cluster Not identified representing the triple helix
(developing or established) Existence of a logistics strategy Not identified and /or objectives on cluster (or regional) level Occurrence of sustainability / green aspects as part of the Not identified logistics cluster or regional strategy / agenda Yes There are diverse projects especially on city level that can serve as demonstration projects designed to the future of sustainable urban logistics or transport. Here are some examples:
NYC deliverEASE NYC deliverEASE is a program funded by USDOT (US Department of Transportation) and initiated by NYCDOT (NYC Department of Tranportation) and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), is an off-hour delivery program focused on reducing congestion during the day. By shifting deliveries to the off- hours, between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m., this program increases the Existence of demonstration competitiveness of the businesses located at the core of the city while also projects designed to the future easing traffic congestion during the most congested hours of the day. of logistics and/or sustainability of transport Tri-State Transportation Campaign
Tri-State Transportation Campaign is a non-profit organization dedicated to reducing car dependency in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. Leading environmental and planning organizations formed the Campaign as a response to the mounting economic and environmental costs of automobile and truck dependence and promising reforms in federal transportation policy. Amongst others, Green Freight is one topic the Campaign is focussing at. They promote cleaner alternatives to trucks and increased public commitment to rail freight investment.
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New York-Connecticut Sustainable Communities - Sustainability Plan Enhancement The region has several comprehensive plans, from regional transportation-land use plans to county master plans to award-winning municipal sustainability plans. The activity will identify ways to better align the plans with each other and with federal and state regulations, and link them with an execution plan to overcome geographic and functional silos that impede putting them into action.
References
General Information https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census and Census 2000, Released March 2013, www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/sf1.pdf http://www.mongabay.com/cities_urban_01.htm
Economic Performance U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis: Regional Economic Accounts, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), at: http://www.bea.gov/regional/index.htm U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and metropolitan area Center for Economic Transformation at NYCEDC: Promoting Entrepreneurship in New York City. New York City Entrepreneurial Fund – http://www.nycedc.com/program/nyc-entrepreneurial-fund New Jersey Business Growth Fund - http://www.njeda.com Small Business First (SBF) - http://www.newpa.com New York Venture Community - https://kohort.com/groups/nyvc/view New York TechMeetUp (NYTM) - http://nytm.org/ New Jersey Business Incubation Network (NJBIN) - http://www.njbin.org/
Logistics specific economic performance U.S. Census Bureau: Statistics of U.S. Businesses (SUSB), 2010 County Business Patterns, Number of Firms, Number of Establishments, Employment, and Annual Payroll by Enterprise Employment Size for Metroplitan Areas , NAICS Sectors: 2010, at: http://www.census.gov/econ/susb/ U.S. Census Bureau: Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI) data; Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics, at: http://lehd.ces.census.gov/applications/qwi_online/ (own calculation) New York Metropolitan Transportation Council - http://www.nymtc.org/, Freight Transportation
Infrastructure Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ): 2011 Trade Statistics. The Port of new York and New Jersey, New York, 2012. http://www.panynj.gov/port/pdf/port-trade-statistics-bar-C2c-2011.pdf Modal Split in the New York Metropolitan Planning Region – http://www.nymtc.org/ New York Metropolitan Transportation Council: PLAN 2040 (Draft Version), Appendix 8: Freight Plan The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) - http://www.panynj.gov/
Institutions, Policies & Strategies New York Metropolitan Transportation Council (NYMTC) - http://www.nymtc.org/ Regional Plan Association - http://www.rpa.org/ Port Authority of New York and New Jersey - http://www.panynj.gov/ NY-CT Sustainable Communities Consortium - http://www.sustainablenyct.org/about/ PortNYC / New York City Economic Development Corporation (NYCEDC) – http://www.nycedc.com New York City Incubators - http://www.nycedc.com/service/incubators-workspaces New Jersey Business Incubation Network (NJBIN) - http://www.njbin.org/ Plan 2040 – New York Metropolitan Transportation Council: PLAN 2040 (Draft Version) Regional Freight Plan Update Interim Plan - New York Metropolitan Transportation Council: PLAN 2040 (Draft Version), Appendix 8: Freight Plan The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) - http://www.panynj.gov/
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NYSERDA Transportation program – - http://www.nyserda.ny.gov/ Advanced Transportation Technologies Program - http://www.nyserda.ny.gov/ New York City Economic Development Corporation (NYCEDC) – http://www.nycedc.com/industry
New Jersey Industry Cluster -Focus – dhttp://lwd.dol.state.nj.us/labor/lpa/pub/ empecon/empeconomy_index.html Mayor’s Office of Long-Term Planning & Sustainability: plaNYC - www.nyc.gov/planyc New York City Economic Development Corporation (NYCEDC): Clean Technology Entrepreneur Center / Green NYC 2025 – http://www.nycedc.com/industry/clean-technology-energy
Education Columbia University – The Fu Foundation School of Engeneering and Applied Science – www.engineering.columbia.edu/ New York University - The Rudin Center for Transportation Policy and Management at NYU's Wagner School – http://wagner.nyu.edu/centers/rudin New York University - Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Supply Chain Management and Global Sourcing - http://www.stern.nyu.edu/index.htm Rutgers Business School-Newark and New Brunswick - Center for Supply Chain Management & Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation - http://www.rutgers.edu/research/centers-institutes Hofstra University - Department of Global Studies and Geography – http://www.hofstra.edu/ Smart Cities Center at Columbia University - http://idse.columbia.edu/smart-cities Center for Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of Columbia University - http://www.clca.columbia.edu/mission.html Applied Sciences NYC - http://www.nycedc.com/project/applied-sciences-nyc Center for Urban Science and Progress (CUSP) - http://cusp.nyu.edu/ NYC Urban Technology Innovation Center - http://www.nycedc.com/program/nyc-urban-technology-innovation- center
Cluster performance NYC deliverEASE - http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/motorist/offhoursdelivery.shtml Tri-State Transportation Campaign - http://www.tstc.org/ New York-Connecticut Sustainable Communities - Sustainability Plan Enhancement - http://www.sustainablenyct.org/projects/
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About the region
Shanghai is a multi-cultural metropolis with both modern and traditional Chinese features. The city has a status equivalent to a province, and reports directly to the central government. Serving as the largest base of Chinese industrial technology, one of the most important seaports and China's largest commercial and financial center, Shanghai draws the attention of the whole world.
Regarding the development of logistics activities, a point is worth to underline: important logistics activities are in development in the new city of Lingang in the district of Pudong on medians 60 km southeast of the entrance to the Shanghai Donghai Bridge that leads to the Yangshan Port. Lingang is designed to accommodate the logistics and maritime activities in connection with the activities Yangshan Port. Not surprisingly, the area has attracted businesses and entrepreneurs, also swayed by its green credentials, burgeoning infrastructure and government assistance.
A winning combination of geography logistics and facilities make Lingang the perfect location for globally competitive modern manufacturing. The area boasts a strong logistics network including airport, seaport, railway, highway and inland river access. Moreover the Pudong International Airport is to the north of Lingang and Yangshan Deep-water Port to the south and Pudong’s rail network links Lingang to the national railway system while the main highways form part of the Yangtze river delta highway network. The area is proving attractive to a growing number of large manufacturers including, for example, Volvo Logistics Groups plus numerous entrepreneurs. This new logistics area adds a major asset to an already attractive region in terms of logistics activities.
Stakeholder groups engaged in logistics matters
The positive economic situation and the very performing infrastructure of the region place Shanghai at the high level of competitiveness with regard to a broad range of activities in link with logistics, including research and development.
The International Cooperation Programme of the Shanghai S&T Innovation Action Plan aims to enhance international Science and Technology (S&T) cooperation and open innovation, and accelerate S&T development and independent innovation capability of Shanghai. The Programme managed by the S&T commission of the Shanghai Municipal government is divided into three sections: Programme between enterprises, between governments and between academic institutions.
Many multinational companies have chosen to locate their R&D centres in Shanghai area to access talent and a growing market, but also to develop as early as possible, the most suitable products for demand in Asia and the rest of the world. With a research and
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The region is heavily involved in innovation and technology transfer. The municipality of Shanghai alone has 42 incubators, with more than 2,000 companies. Moreover several technology parks are being created to bring together the skills and equipment in strategic areas like the sea, aerospace and telecommunications.
More than 20,000 researchers and many PhD students in over a thousand laboratories are active in the district, with a total of nearly 300 institutions of higher education. 24 of the best universities in China percent are present in Shanghai and 5 occupy the top 10 places in the ranking. Among these, at least 4 universities can be marked out for their logis-tics issues: the Shanghai Maritime University, the Shanghai Jiao Tong University, the Georgia Institute of Technology in Shanghai, and the Sino-US Global Logistics Institute. The first one in particular counts a few number of research centres focusing on logistics matters.
Outstanding characteristics of the region
Shanghai hosts cluster in the sense of communities of firms with logistics-intensive operations. This can include mainly two types of companies:
- logistics services companies (transportation carriers, warehousemen, forwarders, third party logistics providers (3PLs), customs brokers, and specialized consulting and IT providers); - companies with logistics-intensive operations (distributors, light manufacturing and kitting companies, as well as other companies who compete based on their logistics prowess).
Companies located in these communities benefit from both general cluster advantages and advantages specific to logistics-intensive companies. And naturally, many logistics clusters develop around transportation hubs, such as ports and airports. Thanks to its infrastructure Shanghai is the ideal place for the development of such communities.
To sum up, following main benchmarking aspects should be highlighted:
(1) Very intensive economic development, quality of infrastructure and logistics parks implementation make Shanghai the ideal place for the development of logistics companies communities; (2) Shanghai is a pole for R&D and the presence of a lot of research institutions dealing with logistics issues makes it inevitable for companies looking for more competitiveness and innovation. (3) The past years have seen the rise of Shanghai start-up ecosystem, in particular, with the quick emerging of incubators, co-working space cafes for start-ups. (4) Conversely not a lot of information is available regarding R&D projects in terms of logistics innovation.
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References
[1] http://www.shanghaidaily.com
[2] http://www.kooperation-international.de/clusterportal/cluster-shanghai.html
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Shanghai, People's Republic of China
General Information
Shanghai is administratively equal to a province and is divided into 17 county- level divisions: 16 districts and one county. Even though every district has its own urban core, the real city centre is between Bund to the east, Nanjing Rd to the north, Old City Temple and Huaihai Road to the south.
Given the migrant population, particularly numerous in Shanghai, the number reached 23 million people, making it the second Chinese city (behind Chongqing exceeding 30 million). It ranks ninth among China's provinces by the size of its GDP, but at the forefront of the GDP per capita (€ 9,199 in 2010).
Geographical / administrative classification
Population 23.02 million (2010)
Economic Performance
267 billion U.S. dollars (Shanghai, 2010) total GDP (per capita) 13.650 per capita (Shanghai, 2012)
Employment Rate 4.5% (January 2012) Unemployment Rate Yes Small and medium-sized Chinese enterprises are essential to China's economic growth. They contribute about 60% of GDP and provide more than 80% of employment. But the financial support they receive about 20% of bank loans, is a stark contrast to their economic role. Existence of regional funding and financing Shanghai SME Development Service Office instruments to support SMEs This is an organization dedicated to managing the public comprehensive services of small-and-middle-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Shanghai, is established upon the approval of the People's Government of Shanghai Municipality.
The Office is geared to SMEs in all forms of ownership and industries, assists
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government agencies in implementing various policies and measures, proactively reports the appeals and requests from SMEs, functions as a major pipeline for SMEs, and guides various social service agencies to serve SMEs. Four platform enterprises under it, such as Shanghai SME Development Service Center, Shanghai Pudong Software Technologies and Value-added Service Platform, and Yangpu Technology Innovation Center, were awarded the honorary title of "National Model Platform for SMEs Public Service".
In the future, Shanghai SME Development Coordination Office will establish "the Cooperative System for Shanghai SME Public Service Platform" and form a public service platform network featuring unimpeded information, complete function and convenient supply-demand connection, thus providing SMEs with available, accessible and guaranteed services.
Law for promotion of SMEs (29/06/2002) Chinese policies do not seem to encourage the development of entrepreneurship. The proactive state intervention can eventually become cons-productive in promoting innovation for SMEs.
The development program “Science-Technology” Promulgated in 2006 at medium and long term it gave a new importance to SMEs in achieving the ambition to transform China into an innovative nation based on endogenous innovation. SMEs are first recognized as a source of innovation, as are the large companies and public research.
New measures are put in place to help SMEs to develop the skills of innovation. These policies are not really so different from those for large companies and they are marked by interventionist methods. Innovation is driven by market needs and develops through the individual efforts of entrepreneurs to introduce new products on the market.
Nevertheless, every region in China, including Shanghai, has government run investment promotion authorities that promote trade and foreign investment in the Shanghai region.
Yes
The past years have seen the rise of Shanghai startup ecosystem, in particular, with the quick emerging of incubators, co-working space cafes for startups, including: - 9 incubators/investment institutions: iStart Ventures, iCamp, SuHeHui, FeiMaLv, Innovation Works Shanghai, Shanghai Technology Entrepreneurship Foundation for Graduates (EFG), Innospace, Shanghai Cloud Valley and Startup Commune. - 3 co-working offices: Existence of comprehensive People Squared, KeXiang, and 517Office. support networks for start-ups - 6 startup-themed cafés:
AitaCafe, WeeCoffee, ICCafe, IPO Club, JiuCengGeCafe, iCoffe in Startup Commune. - 3 Salons: iTalk, TopGeek and Techyizu.
Innovation houses Moreover, end of 2011 Shanghai Government Technology committee issued a call for a proposal to build 100 community hackerspaces ("Innovation House") with government funding for equipment. The community in each resident area will manage the space and pay for the material. Each space will be at least 100
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square meters, open 200 days a year, equipped with wood lathes, metal lathes, saws and drill grinding combined machine, milling machine and other tools.
It shows how some governments have realized the importance of non- academic sectors to provide places and tools for improving people's skills in engineering and manufacturing. On March 14, 2013 the first four innovation houses are opened in Putuo, Xuhui, BaoShan and Yangxing district in Shanghai, equipped with various equipment and tools, and guided by instructors and volunteers.
Logistics specific economic performance
730.000
Notice: The new measures are put in place to help SMEs to develop the skills of innovation. These policies are not really so different from those for large companies and they are marked by interventionist methods. Innovation is driven by market needs and develops through the individual efforts of entrepreneurs to introduce new products on the market. Number of companies in the logistics sector According to the statistics of China International Freight Forwarder Association (CIFFA), over 80% of China’s freight forwarding companies and logistics companies are small and medium companies.
From 2001 to 2005, the logistics industry added value grew from RMB 62.86 billion ($8.04 billion) to RMB 117.55 billion with an annual growth rate of 16.9%, accounting for around 13% of the total gross domestic products (GDP) of Shanghai. Share of employees working in Data cannot be found. logistics 9,3% in Manufacturing
Shanghai aims to become a metropolis of services (like BAILIAN, first group of Chinese distribution). Today, however, its industrial power strikes again minds. In some areas, Shanghai (and area) largely dominates domestic production.
Here is an overview of Shanghai’s main industries: - There are national conglomerates as Baosteel, steel giant which came in 2012 in the Fortune 500. - For cars, more than a third of Chinese production of passenger vehicles is provided in the Shanghai Grand by SAIC, Nanjing Automobile (Group) Share of corresponding key Corporation, GEELY, CHERY, etc. ... industries acting as suppliers - For microelectronics, more than 25% of Chinese production is provided by (ICT) or costumers for the groups such as SMIC, GSMC and HUAHONG. logistics sector (trade, - For shipbuilding, 50% of Chinese production is provided by the sites manufacturing industries) JIANGNAN, Hudong-ZHONGHUA, WAIGAOQIAO. - There are also great as HUAYI municipal groups, a Chinese leader in chemistry or OEM SHANGHAI ELECTRIC, which some compare willingly ALSTOM, or SVA has become a world-scale group in the area of optoelectronics. - The YOUNGOR groups WORLDBEST, SHANGHAI TEXTILE in textiles and huashi-SHANGHAI PHARMACEUTICAL area in the pharmaceutical industry are also references to the national level.
Many French companies have established their China headquarters in Shanghai. This is the case particularly in the industrial sector including: AIR LIQUIDE, ALCATEL LUCENT, DANONE, Eramet, Essilor, Lafarge, L'Oreal,
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Michelin, Rhodia, SCHNEIDER, Saint-Gobain, SEMICONDUCTOR...
Companies operating in the distribution sector and services are also well represented with Auchan, Carrefour, Decathlon, Sodexho,...
Pudong, Lingang: - 533km² - 1,770,000 residents - Over 4,000 industrial firms - Shanghai Port: 14,550,000 TEU (2004) - 15% annual GDP increase rate - Logistics transit hub between broad and domestic logistics networks
Located at two hours from downtown Shanghai, southeast of Pudong, Lingang is pioneering a new city dedicated to logistics and technology.
Launched in 2001 and connected to the new Yangshan deep water port by a bridge 32 km, Lingang is organized around an artificial lake of 5.6 km². The municipality Lingang currently has 200,000 inhabitants and is expected to accommodate a population of 400,000 within three years and 800,000 in 2020, according to estimates of the Planning Bureau of Shanghai. To allow a better Existence of surrounding integration of Lingang the city center of Shanghai two metro stations should markets to implement serve the city in 2012. innovative logistics solutions
(e.g. urban or metropolitan Remark: areas to implement security Many multinational companies have chosen to locate their R & D centers in systems for urban supply) Shanghai area to access talent and a growing market, but also to develop as early as possible, the most suitable products for demand in Asia and the rest of the world (reverse innovation). With a research and development budget of 45 billion euros, 7.7 times higher than in 2000, the private sector is not left out of this national momentum.
Others: Prominent central business areas include Lujiazui on the east bank of the Huangpu River, and The Bund and Hongqiao areas in the west bank of the Huangpu River. The city hall and major administration units are located in Huangpu District, which also serve as a commercial area, including the famous Nanjing Road. Other major commercial areas include Xintiandi and the classy Huaihai Road in Huangpu District and Xujiahui in Xuhui District. Many universities in Shanghai are located in residential areas of Yangpu District and Putuo District.
Infrastructure
- Total length of highways: 7508 miles Length of roads, railways and - Length of railway in operation: 287 miles waterways in miles - Length of navigable inland waterways: 1383 miles
Currently, Shanghai has built a system framework in integrated transport Number of freight handling infrastructure which focuses on Ports, Highways and Networks. facilities (hubs) to enable multimodal transport; FREIGHT number of freight airports, ports Seaport Shanghai International Shipping Center Construction has achieved a major
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breakthrough with the completion of the north port area of Yangshan Deep- Water Port (China’s first port built around an island), able to handle 15million TEU annually) and Phase I to Phase VI projects of Waigaoqiao Port area, which has a designed container terminal annual throughput capacity of over 18 million TEU. In 2010, it was the busiest port in the world, with a throughput of 29 million TEU. The port’s cargo throughput is 650 million tonnes, which ranked as the top in the world for six successive years.
Remark: The Donghai Bridge is the first cross-sea long span in China which links up the Yangshan Deep-Water Port with Luchao Port, and is a support project to the deep-water port of an nternational shipping centre.
Airport The construction of the Asia Pacific aviation hub has made significant progress. Hongqiao Airport’s second runway and second terminal began operations in 2010. Nowadays, Shanghai has two airports, four airport terminals and five runways.
Shanghai Airport’s passenger throughput has achieved the 72.19 million passenger mark, while cargo and mail throughput reached 3.72 million tonnes in 2010. Pudong International Airport, which ranked third in the world for cargo throughput, has been established as an international air cargo hub.
Railway Since the opening of the Shanghai-Nanjing Intercity Railway on 1 July 2010, the Shanghai railway operating mileage has reached 387 km. It has been strengthened further as the domestic rail hub. It forms the “three main 3 auxiliary” pattern with a total of six railway terminals. Since the opening of the Shanghai-Nanjing and Shanghai-Hangzhou intercity railway, the fastest travel time from Shanghai to Hangzhou and to Nanjing was shortened to 38 minutes and 73 minutes, from the previous 90 minutes and 180 minutes, respectively.
MOBILITY At present, Shanghai has formed an urban public transport system with the rail transport as the backbone, the ground public transport as the basic service, the taxi as the complement, the information system as the tool and the transport hub as the link.
Urban Expressway Network Total road length in Shanghai is 4,400 km, with 3,317 km of road in the urban centre and 193 km of expressway. The road network density of the city centre is 5 km/km². It has established 23 Huangpu River-crossing facilities and formed a river-crossing road system of 4 bridges and 12 tunnels. The “3-circle 10- radial” backbone expressway network has been formed in the centre of the city.
Urban Rail Network The length of Shanghai rail transit lines in operation is at the forefront, alongside major cities in the world. It is also the first city in China whose rail network has reached over 400 km. Although the rail transit system was developed in less than 20 years, it has parallelled the 100 years of rail development in the Western cities. By the end of 2010, 13 metro lines have been put in place (including Maglev), with total operation length of over 450 km and average passenger trips of 5.16 million per day. Based on 600 m station service radius calculation, one quarter of land in the city centre areas is
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covered by rail stations, directly serving 42% of the population of the city centre.
Surface Transit After several rounds of reform, especially the deep reform, which strengthened the state-led and optimised operation framework in 2009, the mechanism of combined public welfare and market-oriented operation has been improved further.
The improvement of motorised traffic has greatly reduced the spatial and temporal distance of passenger and goods flow, and also capital and information flow. It has also helped to expand the urban space of Shanghai and optimised industrialisation in municipal areas.
Existence of adequate ICT Shanghai has the fastest Internet speed on the Chinese mainland and the infrastructure (e.g. broadband fastest improvement in broadband speed globally in recent years. access)
Institutions, Policies & Strategies
At least 6 :
Shanghai Municipal Transport and Port Authority Existence of national or regional Shanghai Municipal Urban and Rural Construction and Transportation administrative institutions / Commission departments China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing dedicated to deal with logistics Shanghai Logistics Industry Association#
Urban Planning Bureau Urban Construction and Transportation Committee There are 42 incubators in Shanghai categorised as follow : - National Level High and New Technology Innovation Center ; - National Level University S&T Park ; - Professional Incubators.
The region is heavily involved in innovation and technology transfer. The municipality of Shanghai alone has 42 incubators, with more than 2,000 companies that have created nearly 34,000 jobs and generate a turnover of about 1 billion euros per year.
Several technology parks are being created to bring together the skills and equipment in strategic areas like the sea, aerospace and telecommunications. Number of technology transfer centres / incubators The development of Shanghai Technology Business Incubator has witnessed four stages: 1. Create innovation service centre in the Hi-tech Park. 2. Build up the incubator near renowned universities. 3. Establish the incubator in line with the development strategy of the regional economy (“One District with One Special Industry”). 4. Set up various specialized incubators in different technology fields according to the development trend of Shanghai future industry.
With the fast growth of business incubators in China and in the world, the network system has conformed to the requirement of further development of business incubators with the following objectives: 1.Improving the service quality and ability
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2.The normalization of business incubators 3.The internationalization of business incubators
Incubators are organising according to the following network structure: 1. City-based collaboration network Shanghai Hi-tech Business Incubator Network 2. Regional Network East China Incubator Network 3. National Network China Business Incubator Association 4. International Network Asia Association of Business Incubation (AABI) Context: Since the 1980s, strategies for enhancing research and innovation capabilities have come to occupy a more important position in China’s development. A series of ambitious initiatives have been launched to enhance the country’s technological capabilities and reform the national innovation system. Perhaps one of the most significant measures is the dismissal of the Soviet model of functionally specialized organizations with minimal horizontal linkages between research and production.
As reforms proceed, the positions of key actors in the national innovation system—public research institutes, universities, and enterprises undergo drastic change. The traditionally weak enterprise sector is expected to play a more significant role in technological innovation and to develop closer relationships with research institutes and universities. Within this national framework, regional entities (including the largest cities) have developed different strategies to augment innovation capacity and to take advantage of local resource endowment.
At least 2 interesting programs can be underlined:
Existence of innovation policies Shanghai 2013 S&T Innovation Action Plan International Cooperation (funding instruments, innovation Programme strategies) The International Cooperation Programme of the Shanghai S&T Innovation Action Plan aims to enhance international S&T cooperation and open innovation, and accelerate S&T development and independent innovation capability of Shanghai. The programme managed by the S&T commission of the Shanghai Municipal government is divided into three sections: programme between enterprises, between governments and between academic institutions.
The focus areas for enterprises include: - biomedicine - 3D printing - civil aviation electromechanical systems - new technology services and digital TV technology - high-performance fibres - energy conservation - green technology
The Innovation Fund for Small Technology-based Firms This fund is a special government one established on June 25th of 1999 with the approval of the State Council and having a definite purpose to support and encourage the technological innovation activities of the small technology-
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based firms and to facilitate the transformation of R&D results. Priorities are given to projects with innovative technology or independent intellectual property or with high value-added, those that are founded by the research personnel or returned overseas students to transfer their scientific achievements, those that are innovation projects jointly initiated by the industrial side, universities and research institutions and those that make use of new and high technology to revive the stock assets of the traditional industries and drive job creations.
Yes The six pillar industries accounted for approximately 65% of the total industrial production of Shanghai in 2007 are the electronics manufacturing and computer, automotive, petrochemical and processing of fine chemicals, steel, mechanical and biomedical.
The “Creative Industry Clusters” (CIC) In 2005 the Shanghai municipal government adopted the notion of ‘creative Existence of cluster policies on industries’ as part of their economic development strategy. At the same time, regional or national level they officially recognized a number of ‘Creative Industry Clusters’ (CIC) in the city; over the next five years these official clusters grew to over ninety in number.
The active promotion of CIC by the local state can thus been seen as central to its adoption of the creative industries agenda, in turn part of its aspiration to become a modern, global metropolis.
However, no clustering strategy specific to logistics could be identified. Yes
The overall goals of Shanghai’s future transport development is to build a modern integrated transportation system to support city science, coordinated with Shanghai’s urban functions and spatial layout, adapted to rural and urban development and ecological environment, matched with the status of a modern international metropolis, and also with corresponding facilities, Existence of sustainability functions, scientific management methods, efficient operations, environment policies protection policies, etc. (e.g. sustainability and mobility strategies, energy and waste Shanghai Integrated Transport Development Mission in 2015 management strategies) In the next five years, the Shanghai integrated transport system will be further improved with more focus on transport hubs, functionality and networks. The strategy includes the objective of “developing a safe and green transport System” described as follow: “By 2015, the fatality rate in traffic accidents will be reduced further. The energy consumption in the transport industry will be lower than the increased level of GDP, within the background of the rapid development of integrated transport”.
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Science & Education
More than 20,000 researchers and many PhD students in over a thousand laboratories are active in our district, with a total of nearly 300 institutions of higher education. Logistics is a key issue in most academia considering the importance of the logistics sector in the Region.
24 of the best universities in China percent are present in Shanghai.
Five occupy the top 10 places in the ranking: - Fudan and Shanghai Jiaotong; - University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei; - Zhejiang University in Hangzhou; - Nanjing University (Nanda).
Among these, at least 4 universities can be marked out for their logistics issues:
1. The Shanghai Maritime University Shanghai Maritime University (SMU) is a multi-disciplinary university that encompasses such areas as engineering, management, economics, law, liberal arts, and science, with a special emphasis on shipping technology, economics and management. Chinese maritime education originated at Shanghai and grew out of the Shipping Section of Shanghai Industrial College founded in 1909 (towards the end of the Qing Dynasty). SMU was established by the Ministry of Communications in 1959. Since 2000, SMU has been mainly administered by Shanghai Municipality and has been co- constructed by Shanghai Municipality and the Ministry of Transport. Number of (applied) universities and research institutes dealing 2. The Shanghai Jiao Tong University with logistical issues Directly subordinate to Ministry of Education, it is a key university in
China, jointly run by the Ministry and Shanghai Municipality, which owns leading technology in the logistics field and takes the lead in the world. The university not only owns an excellent teacher strength, but also has a strong advantage in logistics and supply chain management, industrial engineering, management science and engineering, international shipping, logistics information system, logistics equipment, and other subjects related to the field of modern logistics disciplines.
3. Georgia Institute of Technology - Shanghai It is one of the most famous American polytechnic engineering universities. Its Industrial Engineering discipline ranked first in US continuously for 17 years, and Supply chain & Logistics Institute (SCL) is the agency owning the world’s highest level in modern logistics research, and logistics advisory service. There are 10 professors in SCL, including two members of the National Academy of Engineering and a number of principal professors titled of Coca-Cola and some other multinational enterprises. SCL has widespread relationship with industry area, including UPS、 Schneider National、GM、 Bax Global、Cat Logistics and other famous multinational companies.
4. Sino-US Global Logistics Institute (SUGLI) It was founded in Shanghai on October 10,2005 under the background of fast growing logistics industry. It is based on the logistics research and teaching resources from both Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Georgia Institute of Technology, with great support from China National Department of Transport, Shanghai Municipal Government, American
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Department of Commerce, American Georgia State Government, China Communication Association, China Federation of Logistics & Purchasing. Through the win-win cooperation by Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Georgia Institute of Technology, sharing the advanced teaching and technology resource, Sino-US Global Logistics Institute carries out modern logistics scientific research and technology, and educates advanced logistics specialists. It will also push the development of Chinese modern logistics and Sino-American cooperation, especially the logistics technology cooperation between Shanghai City and Georgia State. At Shanghai Maritime University Shanghai Maritime University has 8 ministerial and provincial laboratories and research centres as follows: 1. Key Laboratory of Marine Technology and Control Engineering, Ministry of Communications 2. Container Supply Chain Technology Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education 3. Engineering research center of Shipping Simulation, Ministry of Education 4. Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Shipping Logistics information 5. The Institute of Maritime Law 6. Shanghai International Shipping Institute Number of research entities 7. Shanghai Social Science Innovation Research Base and Shanghai dealing with sustainability Development Strategy Research Institute Working Room(Major in aspects within logistics Shanghai Shipping Center Development) 8. The Novelty-Searching Workstation of Shanghai Maritime University, Ministry of Education
Shanghai Technology Innovation Center The Shanghai Technology Innovation Center (STIC) is a non-profit public Institution under the direct leadership of S&T Commission of Shanghai Municipality.
Others Shanghai is the Chinese pole of excellence in the field of biology, biotechnology and the life sciences generally, the district is also home to many laboratories in the field of micro-and nano-technologies, environment or space.
Existence of a Strategic Research Agenda dedicated to Not identified (sustainable) logistics Yes
The following one was identified: Existence of interdisciplinary logistics research Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (e.g. existence of The establishment of research, teaching and incubation of the Academy of interdisciplinary centres) Sciences, AIRS (Shanghai Advanced Research Institute), will open its doors on Dec. 26 to offer a unique multidisciplinary platform in areas ranging from biomedical to space through the energy, environment, new materials ... Yes
Existence of logistics specific The following one was identified: vocational training (occupational and extra-occupational) European Institute of Purchasing Management EIPM was created in December 1990 by top leading companies - Alcatel, Aérospatiale, Amae, Bull, Cerestar (Ferruzzi), Herberts (Hoescht), Nokia,
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Pechiney, Philips, Renault - and sponsored by the European Commission, the Rhône Alpes Region and the Haute Savoie department to create an European Executive Education and Training Center in Purchasing Education. The EIPM Vision is to be the Leading Institute in Learning (Education, Research and Training) in Strategic Sourcing and Supply Management
Cluster performance
Yes
Shanghai hosts cluster in the sense of communities of firms with logistics- intensive operations. This can include mainly two types of companies: - logistics services companies (transportation carriers, warehousemen, forwarders, third party logistics providers (3PLs), customs brokers, and specialized consulting and IT providers); - companies with logistics-intensive operations (distributors, light manufacturing and kitting companies, as well as other companies who compete based on their logistics prowess).
Companies located in these communities benefit from both general cluster advantages and advantages specific to logistics-intensive companies. And naturally, many logistics clusters develop around transportation hubs, such as ports and airports. Thanks to its infrastructure Shanghai is the ideal place for the development of such communities.
Existence of a logistics cluster For example, Shanghai Pudong, with its large cargo airports has developed into representing the triple helix logistics clusters specializing in timesensitive international trade. (developing or established) Here are four examples of these clusters or communities:
Shanghai Waigaoqiao LP Shanghai Waigaoqiao LP is a “Port Logistics Park” whose main function is International and domestic distribution.
Shanghai Pudong Shanghai Pudong is an "Air Logistics Park” whose main function is air express logistics.
Shanghai North-west ILP Shanghai North-west ILP is an “Integrated Logistics Park” focusing Regional or Urban integrated logistics services.
The Yangtze River Delta The urban build-up in this area has given rise what may be the largest concentration of adjacent metropolitan areas in the world. Yes, at least this one:
The Yangtze River Delta strategy Adjust and optimize industrial structure and geographic layout to establish value chains to lead the Yangtze River Delta and serve the whole China on the Existence of a logistics strategy basis of Shanghai. Efforts are dedicated to control costs, innovate and /or objectives on cluster (or technologies, and attract talents so as to create a network parallel to the regional) level economic capacity of an international metropolis.
Identified development zones should be key destinations for commercialization of technologies and creative industries should be promoted to incubate new industries for the city.
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Infrastructure upgrade China’s State Council has given first priority to more than 20 cities in nine regions for an infrastructure upgrade in the next two years with improvements ranging from express-ways and airports to seaports and express transhipment centres. According to the deputy director of the Shanghai Commission of Economy and Informatization, Shanghai has a clear target for the high-tech new energy industry and is achieving steady progress in the sector. There also is a full plan for new-energy development, which takes consideration of all Occurrence of sustainability / aspects of the industry, including how those related segment grow with green aspects as part of the each other. logistics cluster or regional strategy / agenda Moreover, China’s Government has already included compulsory emissions targets in medium- and long-term planning for the national economy and social development, including the development of a low carbon transportation system Existence of demonstration projects designed to the future No data found. of logistics and/or sustainability of transport
References
General Information http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai#Administrative_divisions
Economic Performance http://www.china.org.cn/business/2012-01/11/content_24380440.htm http://www.echinacities.com/news/Shanghai-Annual-GDP-Per-Capita-Tops-85000-RMB http://fr.cntv.cn/program/journaldeleconomie/20130408/102088.shtml http://touch.shio.gov.cn/en/sites_details.asp?id=69# http://www.mesrst.gouv.qc.ca/actualites/repere-rsti/article/4761/ http://technode.com/2012/12/14/shanghai-startups-handout-places-worth-visiting/ http://www.3ders.org/articles/20130323-450-fab-labs-in-us-and-100-innovation-houses-in-shanghai.html
Logistics specific economic performance http://faculty.washington.edu/karyiu/confer/busan07/papers/chin-bae-kim.pdf http://english.caixin.com/2012-12-19/100474495.html http://faculty.washington.edu/karyiu/confer/busan07/papers/chin-bae-kim.pdf http://www.ambafrance-cn.org/IMG/pdf/situeco-1204.pdf
Infrastructure http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2012/indexeh.htm http://ltaacademy.gov.sg/doc/J12%20May- p21XIAO%20Hui_Development%20of%20Shanghai%20Integrated(2010-2015).pdf
Institutions, Policies & Strategies http://www.shanghaiport.gov.cn/English http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/node27118/node27386/node27400/node27854/userobject22ai38907.html http://www.ifpsm.org/directory/cflp http://www.i3p.it/files/1[1].%20Shanghai%20Technology%20Business%20Incubation%20Association%20- %20CHINA.pdf
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Science & Education http://www.kooperation-international.de/clusterportal/cluster-shanghai.html http://eprints.qut.edu.au/48113/ http://www.sugli.sjtu.edu.cn/sugli/english/aboutus/aboutus.html http://www.incubator.sh.cn/en/about.asp
Cluster performance http://designative.info/2010/05/31/china-technology-innovation-and-the-environment-shanghai-aims-to-grow- green-energy-by-20/
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About the region
Singapore (officially the Republic of Singapore) is an island and city-state. It is strategically located at a central point on the most important inter-Asian trade lanes; between Japan, China and Korea to the East, Australia to the South and India, as well as the Middle East and all of Europe (through the Suez Canal) to the West.
The function of a maritime crossroad between important economic blocs is vital to the cluster building of Singapore. The port and maritime R&D and technology are one of the key driving forces for Singapore's growth and a core of the cluster.
As a city-state with limited raw resources but highly urbanized, Singapore has created and maintained strong linkages to support its economic viability and its service sector. Other success features are educated and motivated workforce, and well-established legal and financial business frameworks.
There are five free trade zones in Singapore – four cater to seaborne freight and are adjacent to the port and one caters to airborne cargo and is located at Changi Airport. All five are focused on facilitating entrepôt trade and certain repacking, sorting and reconditioning of goods. There are a Port logistics Park and an Air Logistics Park of Singapore.
The vision is to develop Singapore into a leading global integrated logistics hub, with robust maritime, aviation, and land transport capabilities supporting the global economy [1, 2]
Stakeholder groups engaged in logistics matters
As a global warehousing and distribution center Singapore was rated no. 2 in the World Bank’s (2009) International Logistics Performance Index. The port is handling one fifth of the world’s container transhipment throughput.
The region is part of the global supply chains in aerospace MRO, shipbuilding and electronics. That is why the logistics cluster development is one of the strategic priorities for the government organizations, institutions like the Singaporean Port Authority, logistics- intensive industry and science.
Logistics facilitates the configuration of innovative solutions for the global supply chain of the manufacturing and service industries. Vice versa the industry growth stipulates an innovative transport and logistics system. Singapore shows the most rapid growth in terms of generating of local innovations.
The Government has placed the set of grants to encourage the enterprises to invest in local R&D; a $97,95 million Maritime Innovation and Technology (MINT) Fund was established [3]; the Productivity And Innovation Credit (PIC) provides significant tax deductions or payouts
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Outstanding characteristics of the region
The Port of Singapore is a world-leading container and transhipment port and a core of the cluster. The region has made the best of its strategic position and assured a stable economic growth for Singapore. It has been developed to the leading innovation region under the state governance. The Strategic Research Programs are established in areas where Singapore has a competitive edge and existing strengths. Various governmental programs and schemes were established for the enhancement of maritime capabilities as a regional specialization of Singapore to concentrate on its core competence. An innovation policy is driven by an epistemic community.
The cluster development has been driven by the development of third party logistics service providers. There is a horizontal cooperation between them in the Air Logistics Park of Singapore [5]. The vision is to develop Singapore into a leading global integrated logistics hub, with robust maritime, aviation, and land transport capabilities supporting the global economy. The multimodality, sustainability (e.g. Maritime Singapore Green Initiative) and knowledge orientation are the main features for an innovative & future-oriented logistics cluster.
References
[1] Singapore in Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore [2] Masterplan 2008, URA, Government of Singapore, http://www.ura.gov.sg/MP2008/intro.htm [3] Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA), http://www.mpa.gov.sg/ [4] Ministry of Transport of Singapore, http://app.mot.gov.sg [5] http://www.mti.gov.sg/ResearchRoom/Documents/app.mti.gov.sg /data/pages/507/doc/ERC_SVS_LOG_MainReport.pdf
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Singapore, Republic of Singapore
General Information
Singapore (officially the Republic of Singapore) is an island and city-state. It is strategically located at a central point on the most important inter-Asian trade lanes; between Japan, China and Korea to the East, Australia to the South and India, as well as the Middle East and all of Europe (through the Suez Canal) to the West. The country is highly urbanized. The function of a maritime crossroad between important economic blocs is central to the wealth of Singapore.
Geographical / administrative classification
The population of Singapore is 5,184 million (2011). Success features: educated and motivated workforce, and well-established legal and financial business frameworks. Port and maritime R&D and Population technology is one of the key driving forces for Singapore's growth. As a city-state with limited raw resources, Singapore has created and maintained strong linkages to support its economic viability and its service sector.
Economic Performance
Singapore has the third highest per capita income in the world: 60. 688 Intl. $ GDP (per capita) (World Bank, 2011), for 2012 estimated $61.046 (IMF) (GDP per capita PPP.). It is a no. 1 in the World Economic Forum’s The Global Enabling Trade Index. Employment rate: 66,6% Employment rate, Unemployment rate in 2011: 2.1%, Unemployment rate in 2012: 1.95% (Trading Economics). Yes The SME Management Action for Results (SMART) Initiative provides Singapore-based SMEs with consultancy advice and funding support to develop management systems and processes. Existence of funding and financing instruments to support SMEs The Government offers loans, grants, tax incentives, equity financing and non- financial assistance to help start up the business. These programs can be used to develop new products, improve business processes, protect intellectual property, venture abroad, etc. (e.g. ACE Startups Grant, ideas.inc. Business Challenge.) Yes Singapore’s Technology Transfer Network (TTN) comprises at least seven leading institutions co-operating on bolstering the commercialisation of Existence of comprehensive intellectual property (IP) assets). The founding members of the TTN are Exploit support networks for start-ups Technologies Pte Ltd of the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Nanyang Polytechnic, Nanyang Technopreneurship Center, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Republic Polytechnic, Singapore Polytechnic and Temasek
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Polytechnic.
SPRING Singapore SPRING Singapore is an agency under the Ministry of Trade and Industry responsible for helping Singapore enterprises grow and building trust in Singapore products and services. Within SPRING, there are several Centres of Innovation (COIs) to help SMEs enhance their technology innovation capabilities. These COIs are set up by SPRING in partnership with selected polytechnics and research institutes. The areas of focus of the “Centre of Innovation for Supply Chain Management” at the Republic Polytechnic are: - Value-stream/chain mapping and analytics for business process improvements - Process and automation simulation for logistics and supply chain scenarios - Performance improvement through integration of mechanization, automation and human factors engineering - Innovative developments from various engineering & technology disciplines for supply chain applications
Logistics specific economic performance
As a global warehousing and distribution center Singapore was rated no. 2 in the World Bank’s (2009) International Logistics Performance Index. There are 9.102 establishments in the transport and storage industry that generate operating receipts of some $57.09 billion for the economy. In total, they hire 158.537 of Singapore’s workforce (2009). The Water Transport sub- sector has the largest number of workers (57.540) and contributes the most to the sector’s operating receipts ($34.46 billion). The port is serviced by 200 shipping lines, sailing to and from 600 ports worldwide. The Water Transport Services sub-sector is the highest contributor to the industry’s operating receipts and has the highest value added per worker and highest number of Number of companies in the workers. logistics sector
The port is handling one fifth of the world’s container transshipment throughput as well as half of the world's annual supply of crude oil. About 85% of the container transport is transit. There are currently over 5.000 maritime companies in Singapore, including more than 120 international shipping companies. Today, the Singapore maritime sector employs over 170.000 people in a wide range of maritime careers. The customers are the global corporations, or their subsidiaries, importing raw materials and transforming them into world exports. Singapore developed oil port facilities to cater to the needs of oil companies in South East Asia. Share of employees working in From 1.985.700 labor forces in total there are 216.077 employees working in logistics transport, storage and water transport, i.e. 10.88%. Singapore has been built on several key industries and has invested heavily in developing industries to keep pace and scale for growth. Just to name some of them relevant for logistics: aerospace engineering, chemicals, electronics, Share of corresponding key engineering, healthcare, infocomm services & products and precision industries acting as suppliers (ICT) engineering. Recently, the automotive is emerging, too. or costumers for the logistics Global leaders in key growth sectors have established Singapore as their key sector (trade, manufacturing global and regional manufacturing base in Asia. industries) Given this proximity to leading global manufacturers, top 3PLs in Singapore can work closely with their customers to design customised solutions for their supply chains. However, no statistical data was available.
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Singapore possesses a re-export-oriented manufacturing economy and logistics-intensive industries. The scope of activities of the cluster is directed ahead to the growth in areas such as aviation services, oil and gas exploration and production, distributed power, and automotive electronics. Existence of surrounding markets Singapore is a leading player in the global shipbuilding and repair markets (e.g. to implement innovative logistics aerospace MRO) and home to key oil & gas infrastructure and equipment solutions companies. In the land transport sector, Singapore hosts several regional (e.g. urban or metropolitan areas headquarters for automotive companies, as well as development and to implement security systems for manufacturing operations for high-value components. Efforts in R&D and test urban supply) bedding include emerging transport technologies such as intelligent transport systems and alternative energy. Logistics facilitates the configuration of solutions for the global supply chain of the manufacturing and service industries.
Infrastructure
Length of roads, railways and Total road length: 2027 miles (3.262 km) of which 100 miles are expressways waterways in miles Total rail network length is 982 miles (1.579 km)
There are at least 12 freight handling facilities (hubs) in Singapore as shown on the map:
Number of freight handling facilities (hubs) to enable multimodal transport; number of freight airports, ports
The Port of Singapore is a world-leading container and transhipment port.
Jurong Port (Jorung Island) is Singapore’s only gateway for all types of general cargo processing 18 million tons of general cargo annually. In terms of both passenger and freight air transport, Changi Airport has established itself as a major aviation hub in the Asia-Pacific. It is served by 80 airlines with over 4.000 flights connecting to more than 180 cities in 59 countries and has an annual handling capacity of more than 70 million passengers processing 1.9 million tons of cargo annually. Although noted for its extensive sea and air links, Singapore also has road and rail connections to the rest of Southeast Asia. Singapore is connected to the Malaysian railway system, whose most southerly station is actually located within Singapore. Most technology and business parks have comprehensive and ready-to-use Existence of adequate ICT facilities like broadband, technology collaboration and networking infrastructure (e.g. broadband opportunities. access) The modern ICT-solutions: TradeNet, PortNet, e-Logistics platform for the chemical industry, etc.
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Institutions, Policies & Strategies
Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) The Ministry promotes economic growth and create jobs, so as to achieve higher standards of living for all by: - Facilitating the development of industry sectors with strong growth potential and fundamentals. - Protecting Singapore's international trade interests, in particular, with a view to enhance access to global markets for our goods, services and investments. - Providing a good understanding of the current state of and outlook for the Singapore economy for policy formulation and refinement.
Singapore Economic Development Board (EDB) The Singapore Economic Development Board (EDB) is the lead government Existence of national or regional agency for planning and executing strategies to enhance Singapore’s position administrative institutions / as a global business centre and grow the Singapore economy. departments dedicated to deal with logistics Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) was established with the mission to develop Singapore as a premier global hub port and international maritime centre (IMC), and to advance and safeguard Singapore's strategic maritime interests. MPA is the driving force behind Singapore's port and maritime development, taking on the roles of Port Authority, Port Regulator, Port Planner, IMC Champion, and National Maritime Representative. MPA partners the industry and other agencies to enhance safety, security and environmental protection in the port waters, facilitate port operations and growth, expand the cluster of maritime ancillary services, and promote maritime R&D and manpower development.
There are at least 7 in the Singapore’s Technology Transfer Network (TTN). Moreover, there are 8 incubators included in the Technology Incubation Number of technology transfer Scheme (TIS) of the National Research Foundation (NRF). The eight incubators centres / incubators are: Get2Volume, Golden Gate Venture Investments, Incuvest, Jungle Ventures, Red Dot Ventures, The Biofactory, The Network Fund (TNF), and WaveMaker Labs. Singapore’s high performance is not only due to the innovation policy, but to the existing of epistemic community. Singapore shows the most rapidly growth in terms of generating of local innovations. The Government has placed the set of grants to encourage the enterprises to invest in local R&D (e.g. the Productivity And Innovation Credit (PIC) provides significant tax deductions or payouts for investments in research & development, innovation, automation and training).
The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) has established a $97,95 million Maritime Innovation and Technology (MINT) Fund over the next 10 Existence of innovation policies years. Of the $97,95 million, $39,98 million will be used to fund the programs (funding instruments, innovation and schemes for the enhancement of maritime capabilities in Singapore. The strategies) other $39,98 million will be used to strengthen the technology cluster in the industry. This has led to many local maritime R&D initiatives such as the Offshore Research Technology program by the Centre for Offshore Research & Engineering at NUS, the Infocomm@SeaPort Program with IDA, and the MPA- IHPC Maritime Research Program. There is an initiation to make Singapore to a global maritime knowledge hub by 2025.
RIE 2015 - research, innovation and enterprise
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Research and Development (R&D) is an important part of Singapore’s economic strategy. It is a source of innovation and value creation. To further boost research, innovation and enterprise (RIE), the Singapore government will invest $16.1 billion over 2011-2015. The RIE2015 Plan sets out Singapore’s key R&D strategies, to support our long term vision to be a research-intensive, innovative and entrepreneurial economy.
The National Framework for Innovation and Enterprise aims to encourage entrepreneurship in Singapore and includes funding and enterprise support schemes.
Singapore’s Economic Development Board strategy ‘Host to Home’ articulates how EDB is sharpening its economic development strategies to position Singapore for the future. It is about extending Singapore’s value proposition to businesses not just in helping them improve their bottom line, but also in helping them grow their top line. EDB plans to build on existing strengths and add new layers of capabilities to enable Singapore to become a ‘Home for Business’, a ‘Home for Innovation’ and a ‘Home for Talent’.
The Maritime Cluster Fund (MCF) is a funding for the development of manpower, training initiatives and capabilities within the industry. There are five free trade zones in Singapore – four cater to seaborne freight and are adjacent to the port and one caters to airborne cargo and is located at Changi Airport. All five are focused on facilitating entrepôt trade and certain repacking, sorting and reconditioning of goods. Yes The Singapore Economic Development Board (EDB) puts strong focus on an Existence of cluster policies on industry-related strategy - key industries. 19 industry sectors are being regional or national level fostered by the EDB, additional 6 emerging business are boosted.
Yes Sustainable Blueprint In 2008, an Inter-Ministerial Committee on Sustainable Development (IMCSD) was set up to formulate a national strategy for Singapore’s sustainable development in the context of emerging domestic and global challenges. The Committee developed the Sustainable Blueprint in close cooperation with members of the public, leaders of non-governmental organisations and businesses, members from academia, media editors, and Mayors. The Sustainable Blueprint contains the strategies and initiatives that are needed for Singapore to achieve both economic growth and a good living environment over the next two decades. The vision is to make Singapore a Existence of sustainability policies liveable and lively city state, one that Singaporeans love and are proud to call (e.g. sustainability and mobility their home. To reach this vision, a four-pronged strategy was set up, consisting strategies, energy and waste of the following: boosting the resource efficiency, enhancing urban management strategies) environment, building capabilities, and fostering community action.
Maritime Singapore Green Initiative The Maritime Singapore Green Initiative seeks to reduce the environmental impact of shipping and related activities and to promote clean and green shipping in Singapore. It is a comprehensive initiative comprising three programmes - Green Ship Programme, Green Port Programme and Green Technology Programme.
Masterplan 2008 – Where my future is The Master Plan, published by the Urban Redevelopment Authority, is the statutory land use plan which guides Singapore's development in the medium
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term over the next 10 to 15 years. It is reviewed every five years and translates the broad long-term strategies of the Concept Plan into detailed plans to guide development. The Master Plan shows the permissible land use and density for developments in Singapore.
Moreover, Singapore has set targets in the areas of built environment, clean energy, IT, public safety and urban mobility to develop Urban Solutions for a Singapore which is smart, safe and sustainable. To achieve this, public agencies and partners from the private sector co-developed innovative Urban Solutions. Within this initiative, 6 Living Labs across focus areas have been developed. One focus area is the “Electric Vehicles and Intelligent Transport Systems”. A multi-agency Electric Vehicles (EV) Taskforce led by Energy Market Authority (EMA), Land Transport Authority (LTA) and Economic Development Board (EDB) invested S$20 million to study the robustness, cost-effectiveness and environmental impact of electric-powered vehicles in a tropical environment from 2010.
Science & Education
The various logistics-related higher learning partnerships in Singapore include the Logistics Institute Asia-Pacific, involving Nanyang Technical University and Georgia Institute of Technology, and the MIT-Singapore transportation initiative, which is part of the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology. In addition, the Institut des Sciences Economiques awards logistics degrees in its Singapore campus as do several local universities including the Number of (applied) universities School of Business Logistics in Chennai and the Singapore Institute of and research institutes dealing Purchasing and Material Management. with logistical issues Nanyang Technological University (NTU), National University of Singapore (NUS), Ngee Ann Polytechnic (NP), and the Singapore Maritime Academy (SMA) are dealing with logistics issues. Temasek Polytechnic (TP) offers a course “Logistics and Operation Management”. Ngee Ann polytech: international supply chain management (iscm) (a 3-year course). With more than $636,62 millions of research funding in the area of sustainability, Nanyang Technological University (NTU) is a global leader in this area.
SAP Research Singapore is among the largest research centers globally. SAP Research Singapore address the increasingly complex challenges facing urban cities today, across areas such as transportation, logistics, urban management and sustainability. The research center employ around 60 research staff and up to 40 undergraduate and PhD student interns, with a focus on tapping the local talent pool. A collaboration between SAP, Singapore Economic Development Number of research entities Board (EDB) and the National Research Foundation (NRF), SAP Research dealing with sustainability aspects Singapore is also the first corporate lab to be established at the NRF’s Campus within logistics for Research Excellence and Technological Expertise (CREATE).
Sustainable Supply Chain Centre of Asia Pacific (SSCCAP) In 2010, DHL announced its collaboration with The Logistics Institute – Asia Pacific (TLI-Asia Pacific) to establish the Sustainable Supply Chain Centre of Asia Pacific (SSCCAP) in Singapore. Building on DHL’s sustainable supply chain expertise and global GoGreen customer solutions, SSCCAP will develop practical business tools for the industry to establish benchmarks, in addition to focusing on research and education to drive sustainable supply chain development in the region.
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There is no Research Agenda especially dedicated to logistics, however, there is a strategy with strong links to logistics: The National Research, Innovation and Enterprise Council (RIEC), chaired by the Prime Minister, were set up in 2006. Its mission is: - To advise the Singapore Cabinet on national research and innovation policies and strategies to drive the transformation of Singapore into a knowledge- based economy, with strong capabilities in research and development (R&D); and - To lead the national drive to promote research, innovation and enterprise, by encouraging new initiatives in knowledge creation in science and technology, and to catalyse new areas of economic growth.
The Council has identified Strategic areas of research to build up core R&D capabilities. These are areas that Singapore has a unique competitive edge to Existence of a Strategic Research gain a leadership position. There are currently three Strategic Research Agenda dedicated to (sustainable) Programmes: Biomedical Sciences, Environmental and Water Technologies logistics including Clean Energy and Interactive and Digital Media. Especially the Environmental and Water Technologies Programme has several links to logistics. The RIEC and National Research Foundation (NRF) as its secretary will continue to explore other emerging areas beyond these three programmes and opportunities for synergy and cross-disciplinary research at the interfaces between the three research areas.
A high-level Steering Committee and an Executive Committee comprising representatives from public sector agencies, industry and academia, have been formed in each of these Strategic Research Programmes to oversee and coordinate the programme from a multidisciplinary and holistic sector-wide perspective.
Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre. SMART is a major research enterprise established by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in partnership with the National Research Foundation of Singapore (NRF). SMART serves as an intellectual hub for Existence of interdisciplinary international research collaborations, not only between MIT and Singapore, logistics research but also involving researchers from the region and beyond. At SMART, they (e.g. existence of interdisciplinary identify and carry out research on critical problems of societal importance. centres) SMART is a magnet attracting and anchoring global research talents, while simultaneously instilling and promoting a culture of translational research and entrepreneurship in Singapore. Five interdisciplinary research groups (IRGs) have been established to date, among them is the Future Urban Mobility (FM).
Temasek Polytechnic (TP): among the Professional Development Executive Courses: is a course of Logistics Productivity Measurement and Improvement.
The Logistics Academy Existence of logistics specific The Logistics Academy was founded by Singapore Logistics Association in 2010 vocational training (occupational in order to provide quality training and lifelong learning for the logistics and extra-occupational) workforce. Today, there are Special Training Programmes, Training Courses and Workforce Skills Qualifications as well as Continuous Learning Programmes.
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Cluster performance
The cluster development has substantially been driven by the development of third party logistics service providers. However, today there are all three stakeholder groups very active in logistics matters. Even if there is no dedicated cluster organisation, there are main drivers to foster the logistics clusters development.
Singapore Logistics Association Existence of a logistics cluster The SLA, established in 1973, represents Singapore logistics industry. Today, representing the triple helix about 500 business entities are member of the SLA, offering a diverse scope of (developing or established) logistics and ancillary support services. As a trade association, SLA seeks to fulfill its objects in close collaboration and engagement with logistics companies & professionals, institutions & academia, industry organisations and partners, government agencies as well as international organisations & businesses. Many of the key governmental stakeholders like the Economic Development Board or the Maritime & Port Authority are Partners of the Association.
In 2002, the Economic Review Committee of the Ministry of Trade and Industry established a Working Group on Logistics to further explore the potentials of Singapore as global logistics hub. International Enterprise Singapore elaborated a paper called “Developing Singapore Into A Global Integrated Logistics Hub”. This paper draws a vision to develop Singapore into a leading global integrated logistics hub, with robust maritime, aviation, and land transport capabilities supporting the global economy as the following graphic shows:
Existence of a logistics strategy and /or objectives on cluster (or regional) level
The vision is to develop Singapore into a leading global integrated logistics hub, with robust maritime, aviation, and land transport capabilities supporting the global economy. Global integrated logistics hub: Nerve / brain center controlling and managing activities and assets of global supply chains across an expanded hinterland. SCM capabilities and technologies are the integrators linking the 3 pillars of maritime, aviation, and land transport. Maritime: An international maritime center attracting shipping companies by providing all-round services and facilities for ship
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management and operations. Aviation: A regional aviation hub with high connectivity and capacity, and state-of-the-art logistics and support facilities. Land Transport: Superior warehousing and distribution capabilities that are tightly integrated with customers, aviation and maritime facilities. The vision rides on 3 key enablers: Political, economic and regulatory stability/predictability; Excellent physical, IT, and financial infrastructure; and Critical mass of logistics professionals with strong customer orientation
To which extend this vision has been implemented could not be identified.
Yes Occurrence of sustainability / Sustainability is an essential part of all strategies, Singapore’s government sets green aspects as part of the up. The Sustainable Blueprint and the Maritime Singapore Green Initiative logistics cluster or regional (see above) are two examples for that. strategy / agenda
Living Lab: Clean Tech Park Singapore’s first eco-business park to push the boundaries of sustainability. Clean Tech Park is a large scale integrated “Living Lab” for testing and demonstration of systems-level clean technologies.
Expressway Monitoring and Advisory System (EMAS) EMAS is a smart incident management tool for monitoring and managing traffic along expressways. It uses a detection camera system to automatically detect incidents and congestion in real-time which are verified by using a surveillance camera system. Real-time detection and verification allows for prompt activation of recovery vehicles and other authorities (e.g., Traffic police) to ensure quick restoration to normal traffic flow, thus minimizes congestion and reduces fuel consumption and emission production. The continuous monitoring feature of the EMAS also helps traffic authorities to identify causes of congestion and to enforce traffic offences, such as detection of offending party in an incident. The EMAS service is currently available for the expressways, and will be extended to 10 major arterials by 2013. Existence of demonstration projects designed to the future of Production Vendor Managed Inventory (PVMI) logistics and/or Leveraging Singapore’s manufacturing excellence in electronics, DB Schenker sustainability of transport set up a global Competence Centre in 2012 to focus on developing Production Vendor Managed Inventory (PVMI) installations for the Electronics and Industrial Manufacturing sectors. This centre is DB Schenker’s first global Solution Competence Centre outside of Europe. With a traditional strength and market reputation within the Electronics PVMI area already established in Asia- Pacific, the Competence Center in Singapore will be the base camp for numerous supply chain experts to support development of the solution and accelerate the roll-out of customized manufacturing logistics solutions for Asia and global markets.
Coolport@Changi Coolport@Changi is Asia’s first and largest dedicated on-airport facility for temperature-controlled and time-critical cargo. The 8,000-square-metre facility is located within the Free Trade Zone with direct airside access. With multi-tiered zones and individual cold rooms, Coolport is able to handle a wide range of perishables such as live seafood, meats, fresh produce, flowers and pharmaceuticals. A host of value-added services include warehousing and
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distribution, inventory management and control and an express lane for urgent bio-medical products. Designed in accordance with internationally recognised Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) guidelines for food safety and in compliance with the highest standards of cold chain integrity, Coolport is also the first Halal-certified air cargo hub for perishables in the Asia Pacific region.
TLI-AP THINK Forum TLI-AP’s THINK Forum in Singapore is a platform for thought leadership, knowledge dissemination and executive learning. The Forum brings together industry leaders, supply chain practitioners and academia to address issues that shape the industry landscape. Programmes include events for top executives that are focused on IT (THINK IT), Strategy (THINK Executive) and Innovation (THINK Innovation); regular Solutions platforms on optimisation, intelligence and technology; as well as the annual THINK Logistics Conference. These forums provide top executives with opportunities to network, share and discover new opportunities.
References
General Information Singapore in Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore Singapore Workforce, 2009, Manpower Research and Statistics Department, http://www.mom.gov.sg/Publications/mrsd_singapore_workforce_2009.pdf
Economic Performance "Singapore". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 21 April 2012, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx Singapore Workforce 2012 - http://www.mom.gov.sg/Publications/mrsd_singapore_workforce_2012.pdf "Singapore". MF Country Report No. 12/42, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2012/cr1242.pdf "Singapore". Trading Economics http://www.tradingeconomics.com/singapore/unemployment-rate Economic Surveys Series 2009: Transport & Storage Services, Singapore Department of Statistics (DOS) The Technology Transfer Network (TTN) - http://www.ipi-singapore.org/ipi/slot/u2605/ttn/index.html SPRING Singapore - http://www.spring.gov.sg
Logistics specific economic performance Logistics•Intensive Clusters: Global Competitiveness and Regional Growth, Yossi Sheffi, http://web.mit.edu/sheffi/www/documents/LogisticsClustersV4.pdf
Infrastructure Transport of Singapore in Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Singapore Government of Singapore, http://www.enterpriseone.gov.sg Ministry of Transport of Singapore, http://app.mot.gov.sg Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA), http://www.mpa.gov.sg/ Map with Logistics hubs: Singapore Economic Development Board: Singapore: Asia’s Nerve Centre for Global Supply Chains. Logistics Brochure
Institutions, Policies & Strategies Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) - http://www.mti.gov.sg Singapore Economic Development Board (EDB) - www.sedb.com Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) - http://www.mpa.gov.sg MINT Fund: http://www.mpa.gov.sg/sites/research_and_development/introduction_to_maritime_r_d/
Review on Research Agendas P a g e | 154 Review on logistics clusters – Singapore, Republic of Singapore maritime_innovation_and_technology_fund.page RIE 2015 - research, innovation and enterprise - http://www.mti.gov.sg/ResearchRoom/Documents/ app.mti.gov.sg/data/pages/885/doc/RIE2015.pdf National Framework for Innovation and Enterprise - http://www.nrf.gov.sg/nrf/otherprogrammes.aspx?id=1206 Maritime Cluster Fund (MCF) - http://www.mpa.gov.sg/mcf Singapore’s Economic Development Board strategy ‘Host to Home’ - http://www.edb.gov.sg/content/edb/en/why- singapore/about-singapore/strategy/home-for-business.html Singapore’s key industries, Singapore Economic Development Board (EDB) - http://www.edb.gov.sg/content/edb /en/industries.html Sustainable Blueprint - http://app.mewr.gov.sg/web/Contents/ContentsSSS.aspx?ContId=1034 Maritime Singapore Green Initiative - http://www.mpa.gov.sg/sites/maritime_singapore/msgi/maritime-singapore- green-initiative.page Masterplan 2008, Urban Redevelopment Authority, Government of Singapore - http://www.ura.gov.sg/MP2008/intro.htm Innovative Urban Solutions: Singapore’s Economic Development Board – Urban Solutions - http://www.edb.gov.sg/content/dam/edb/en/resources/pdfs/brochures/Alternative%20Energy%20Brochure.pdf “Epistemic communities and informed policy making for promoting innovations: the case of Singapore”, Sunil Mani in Science and Technology Policy for Development: Dialogues at the Interface, Louk De La Rive Box,Rutger Engelhard, Anthem Press, 2006
Science & Education National Research Foundation of Singapore, http://www.nrf.gov.sg/ SAP Research Singapore - http://www.sap.com/asia/news-reader/index.epx?pressid=18245 Sustainable Supply Chain Centre of Asia Pacific (SSCCAP) - http://cleanairinitiative.org/portal/sites/default/files/ 3_Green_Freight_Asia_Network_-_Kevin_Bennett_-_SSCCAP_-_Sep2012_0.pdf National Research, Innovation and Enterprise Council (RIEC) - http://www.nrf.gov.sg/nrf/councilboard.aspx?id=160 Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, http://web.mit.edu/smart/ Temasek Polytechnic (TP) - http://www.tp.edu.sg The Logistics Academy - http://www.sla.org.sg/training
Cluster performance Singapore Logistics Association - http://www.sla.org.sg Report Of The Working Group On Logistics, International Enterprise Singapore, Lead Secretariat, ERC Working Group on Logistics, 2002, http://www.mti.gov.sg/ResearchRoom/Documents/app.mti.gov.sg/data/pages/507/ doc/ERC_SVS_LOG_MainReport.pdf Living Lab: Clean Tech Park - Singapore’s Economic Development Board – Urban Solutions - http://www.edb.gov.sg/content/dam/edb/en/resources/pdfs/brochures/Alternative%20Energy%20Brochure.pdf Expressway Monitoring and Advisory System (EMAS) - http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_507_2005-01-05.html Production Vendor Managed Inventory (PVMI)- http://www.edb.gov.sg/content/edb/en/industries/industries/logistics-and-supply-chain-management.html Coolport@Changi - http://www.coolport.com.sg/ TLI-AP THINK Forum - http://www.tliap.nus.edu.sg/think/
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About the region
Metro Tampa is located in Florida, USA. The state of Florida is an $800 billion consumer market and a major gateway for global trade. Florida is located in the fastest growing U.S. business and consumer market, the arc of southern states from Texas to Virginia. It is also located at the crossroads of growing north-south and east-west trade lanes, with access to more than 1.1 billion consumers in the Western Hemisphere by 2035. The widening of the Panama Canal, together with the growth in Latin American and Caribbean markets, will realign global trade lanes and increase flows through this region in the coming decades. Florida calls itself “The Innovation Hub of the Americas”.
Metro Tampa branched out to become the industrial, commercial, and financial hub of Florida's west coast; a third of the state's entire population, in fact, lives within a two-hour drive of the city. Its population (Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater) comprised 2.783.243 inhabitants in 2011. Looking toward the future, city developers are seeking to expand into aerospace, medical technology and international trade as well as to attract additional electronics and financial firms [1].
Stakeholder groups engaged in logistics matters
Trade, logistics, and distribution industries employed 531.000 Floridians in 2009, with an average wage nearly 30 percent higher than the average for all industries in the state. Including spinoff jobs in related industries, trade and logistics support about 1.7 million jobs in Florida, nearly 22 percent of employment in the state [2].
Sitting along several key land, maritime, and air transportation corridors, Florida offers many locations for value added logistics providers. Firms are particularly attracted to Florida's multimodal transportation system, foreign trade zones, enterprise zones and other assets that provide competitive advantages for industry. At least 20 associations, institutes or councils represent the interests of these companies. All major universities in the Metro Tampa area have university technology centres and incubators.
Enterprise Florida is the public-private partnership being in charge of economic development activities in the state. It provides services to business that want to expand or relocate in the region and gives businesses access to university technology transfer offices and export advice to firms within the state. Incubators are gathered into the “Florida Business Incubation Association” (FBIA). It includes over 15 incubators [3].
Specialized logistics IT companies play a crucial enabling role for the logistics & distribution industry. Florida's large and growing IT cluster is already home to a number of firms specializing in logistics IT systems and related areas such as transportation management, inventory control, and homeland security applications. As the 5th largest state in computer systems design & related services employment, Florida also has the talent to develop new
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Outstanding characteristics of the region
Tampa has attained the status of a foreign trade zone, an area where goods can be unloaded for repacking, storage, or transhipment without being subject to import duties. Its greatest asset, however, is its port. It is the eleventh largest (by tonnage) in the country. It handles more than 50 million tons of cargo annually. As the closest U.S. maritime centre to the Panama Canal, the Port of Tampa serves as the gateway to Latin America.
Given its large home market and importance in world trade, Florida already has a significant concentration of value-added logistics firms, including 3PLs, freight forwarders / consolidators, customs brokers, importers and distributors, and back-office services providers. Moreover, the space industry is developing a large area of subcontractors and inducted research and innovation. The presence of nearly two dozen large military installations in Florida offers significant opportunities for providing advanced logistics services to the defence community. To sum up, three characteristics and main benchmarking aspects are of interest:
(1) Impact of the Panama Canal expansion: The Port of Tampa prepares for expansion. Investments sum up to $8.9M & purchases 110 acres. The acquisition will allow the port to develop the land for cargo terminals and distribution, as well as cargo generating industrial manufacturing activities. The port already handles petroleum, phosphates, cargo containers and cruise ship passengers and takes in 40 percent of Florida's sea cargo. But in the past five years its total tonnage has dropped by 14 million tons, to 34 million tons. The new land will allow the port to connect a rail line from the CSX mainline track to Port Redwing to speed the unloading of cargo. That's why the Port Authority is already working on a new rail line and roadway that will connect Interstate 4 and the Lee Roy Selmon Expressway [5]. (2) Florida's Strategic Intermodal System (SIS): The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) has established an Enterprise Strategic Intermodal System (eSIS) application to serve as the primary storehouse of all Strategic Intermodal System (SIS) and SIS-related information. The eSIS provides information from multiple internal and external sources to support SIS planning and reporting. The Florida Legislature and Governor established Florida’s Strategic Intermodal System (SIS) to efficiently serve the mobility needs of Florida's citizens, businesses, and visitors; and to help Florida become a worldwide economic leader, enhance economic prosperity and competitiveness, enrich quality of life, and reflect responsible environmental stewardship [6] (3) Proximity with Guadeloupe and Martinique: potential partnerships to French overseas territories.
References
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[1] http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/12000.html; http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/12/1271000.htm, [2] www.tampagov.net; Enterprise Florida Inc. (EFI) - http://www.eflorida.com/ContentSubpage.aspx?id=206 [3]Enterprise Florida Inc. (EFI) - http://www.eflorida.com, Florida Business Incubation Association (FBIA) - http://www.fbiaonline.org/Incubators/incubators.htm [4] http://www.eflorida.com/Logistics.aspx?id=9158 [5] Impact on the Panama Canal Expansion on Florida – Press article - http://www.areadevelopment.com/stateResources/florida/Florida-Inland-Port-multi-modal-6625290.shtml [6] Florida's Strategic Intermodal System (SIS) - http://www.dot.state.fl.us/planning/sis/
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Metro Tampa, USA
General Information
Metro Tampa is the region of west central Florida, comprising the Tampa– St. Petersburg–Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area defined by the United States Census Bureau.
Geographical / administrative classification
346.037 (Tampa 2010) Population 2.783.243 (Metro Tampa 2010)
Economic Performance
GDP (per capita) $ 40.397 (Metro Tampa 2010)
Employment Rate 92,6% (Metro Tampa March 2013) Unemployment Rate 7,4% (Metro Tampa March 2013)
Yes Most of the money to support a (startup) business in Florida comes from investors, banks and other lenders and entrepreneurs.
A long list of dozens of financial partners is available on the Tampa Bay journal website. Several regional instruments have been found. Florida's High Tech Corridor The Florida High Tech Corridor Council (floridahightech.com) awards matching grants to startup business and other businesses in a 23-county Existence of regional funding and area of Florida identified as the state's high-tech corridor. A consortium of financing instruments to support entrepreneurs support the council. The matching grants require industry- SMEs university partnerships, and they are limited to research projects. Startup businesses can participate, but they must work with one of three universities. Only the University of Florida, the University of Central Florida and the University of South Florida qualify as partners for these matching grants.
Palm Beach County Job Growth Incentive Grant In Palm Beach County, Fla., the city has established the Job Growth Incentive (JGI) program (pbcgov.com/edo/programs) to help bring in new businesses promising to add jobs in the community. The county's Economic Development Office awards grants based on proposals from startup
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businesses and established businesses that are looking to expand. Grants are limited to businesses locating or relocating in Palm Beach County. Applicants are required to identify the number of jobs to be created and the average annual salary for each type of job created. Grants are limited to $500 to $2,000 per job created, and the maximum grant amount is $500,000. The minimum award is $25,000.
Enterprise Florida Grants The economic development organization for the State of Florida, Enterprise Florida (eflorida.com), awards grants for various purposes, and some grants are awarded to startup businesses. In 2008, Enterprise Florida awarded $540,000 in grants to regional, statewide and county-wide economic development organizations. The recipient organizations used the money to award grants to specific businesses meeting the standards set by Enterprise Florida.
SBIR and SBTT Grants Federal research grants take two forms. The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (SBTT) programs (sba.gov/content/research-grants-small-businesses) each awards federal grants to projects that meet two criteria. The research projects must meet federal research and development objectives and must have a high potential for commercial use. Several federal agencies award these research and development grants. They include the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the U.S. Department of Commerce, the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. Department of Education, the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation.
SBIR/STTR Phase 0 Pilot Unique to Florida, the Phase 0 Pilot Program is a partnership between Enterprise Florida and technology incubators, university technology transfer offices, economic development organizations and business development centers in the state. The program is designed to help Florida companies -- and particularly startup businesses that lack investment capital -- improve their chances of submitting a successful proposal for an SBIR or STTR grant. The program provides a grant of up to $3,000 for companies. The funds are to be used for the application process. Allowable expenses include consulting fees and professional fees, travel expenses and out-of-pocket expenses related to preparing the proposal. Applicants must pay a $250 non-refundable fee. Yes Florida Small Business Development Center Network The Florida Small Business Development Center Network (FSBDCN) delivers, through certified professionals, consulting, training and information to help businesses succeed and create positive impact for the Florida economy, while providing value for our stakeholders.
Existence of comprehensive Tampa Bay Innovation Center support networks for start-ups Their Vision: to serve as the focal point of innovation for the State of Florida and the Tampa Bay region Their Mission: to accelerate Entrepreneurial Success The Tampa Bay Innovation Center aims to create successful entrepreneurs, to foster the creation of high-tech jobs, and to develop new sources of technology and manufacturing capabilities by nurturing early stage ventures as they grow and launch their products into the marketplace. Their programs are tailored to the innovator/entrepreneur and address business intelligence, planning and business formation, strategy execution,
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and technology transition.
Enterprise Florida Inc. (EFI) Public-private partnership serving as Florida's primary organization devoted to statewide economic development. EFI's mission is: “To facilitate job growth for Florida's businesses and citizens leading toa vibrant statewide economy.” EFI accomplishes this mission by focusing on a wide range of industry sectors, including clean energy, life sciences, information technology, aviation/aerospace, homeland security/defense, financial/professional services, manufacturing and beyond. In collaboration with a statewide network of regional and local economic development organizations, EFI helps to improve Florida's business climate, ensuring the state's global competitiveness. Enterprise Florida is committed to assisting companies confidentially with their expansion and location plans. They provide site selection services, demographic information, incentive information, trade leads and much more. They also coordinate introductions to their network of economic development partners located throughout the state.
Logistics specific economic performance
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Statistics of U.S. Businesses (SUSB), there are 1.408 establishments doing business in the transportation and warehousing sector within Metro Tampa.
According to the Florida Logistics and Distribution Industry Profile , the logistics industry sector had 54.753 establishments in 2008.
Number of companies in the logistics sector
Share of employees working in Around 2.2% logistics The top five industry super sectors in Tampa Bay are: Share of corresponding key • Trade, Transportation, and Utilities industries acting as suppliers (ICT) • Professional and Business Services or costumers for the logistics • Education and Health Services sector (trade, manufacturing • Leisure and Hospitality industries) • Financial Activities These sectors represent over two-thirds (69.50%) of the total regional
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employment. Florida has long been an important consumer market and a gateway for trade between the United States and Latin American and Caribbean nations. Over the next decade, several trends will position Florida for a larger, more commanding role as a trade hub: •Florida is located in the fastest growing U.S. business and consumer market, the arc of southern states from Texas to Virginia. •Florida also is located at the crossroads of growing north-south and east- west trade lanes, with access to more than 1.1 billion consumers in the Western Hemisphere by 2035. • The widening of the Panama Canal, together with the growth in Latin American and Caribbean markets, will realign global trade lanes and increase flows through this region in the coming decades. Trade, logistics, and distribution industries employed 531,000 Floridians in 2009, with an average wage nearly 30 percent higher than the average for all industries in the state. Including spinoff jobs in related industries, trade and logistics support about 1.7 million jobs in Florida, nearly 22 percent of employment in the state.
Metro Tampa Though still known for its cigars (now made with tobacco from sources other than Cuba), Tampa branched out to become the industrial, commercial, and financial hub of Florida's west coast; a third of the state's entire population, in fact, lives within a two-hour drive of the city. In the late 1970s, a movement began to make Tampa appealing to a wide variety of businesses, especially those that were more service-related and office-oriented. Since then, the city has been touted as an ideal location for companies in search of regional headquarters, for banking and other financial firms, and for various high-technology industries. Looking toward the future, city developers are aggressively seeking to expand into aerospace and medical technology and international trade and to attract additional electronics and financial firms. Today, Tampa is a center not only for cigars and tourism, but also for agriculture, food processing, electronics and other high-technology fields, health care and related industries, and finance. The city is a thriving agribusiness center. As a result, many agriculture- related industries have been attracted to the area, including food processing firms; feed, fertilizer, and insecticide companies; and paper and metal container manufacturers. Two breweries, Anheuser-Busch and Pabst, also have facilities in Tampa. Tampa has attained the status of a foreign trade zone, an area where goods can be unloaded for repacking, storage, or transshipment without being subject to import duties. Items and goods produced: cigars, electronic equipment, medical equipment, beer, paint, cigars, fabricated steel, fertilizers, citrus products, livestock, processed shrimp, decorative plants, and flowers
Yes
Existence of surrounding markets The space industry, very active in Florida, is developing a large area of to implement innovative logistics subcontractors and inducted research and innovation. „Space operations solutions also present logistics opportunities with both NASA and civilian space (e.g. urban or metropolitan areas operators at Kennedy Space Center requiring sophisticated supply chain to implement security systems for management services, including the management of materials, inventory, urban supply) and other equipment, as well as their transportation, warehousing, storage, and disposal“
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Panama Canal Expansion The $5.25 billion Panama Canal expansion project is under way, and on target to open in August 2014. The expansion will allow the Canal to accept ships nearly twice the size of current capacity allowance. This is likely to forever change the U.S. port system. The development of Florida Inland Port, formerly known as Treasure Coast Intermodal Campus, is a major step and a first for the state. The Florida Inland Port is a proposed 2,300+ acre, rail-oriented integrated logistics center in southwest St. Lucie County set to break ground next year. It will incorporate multi-modal access (rail and highway) to the state's seaports and a campus comprising warehouses, distribution centers, and assembly plants. Moreover, it will connect to every major Florida port along the Atlantic Coast, including Jacksonville. The project, which is estimated to create approximately 10,000 direct and indirect jobs throughout the region, will allow shippers to offload their cargo at one of Florida's major seaports and then utilize the new Florida- based distribution centers, warehouses, and assembly plants to complete the import-export cycle. This is an entirely new industrial model for Florida, ultimately providing a connection to direct on-dock rail service at the state's key seaports, along with easy access to all major highways.
With the state's already large consumer base, its geographic position, and the rapid growth of the South American economies, Florida is soon to become a major import-export state and a national center for freight distribution. The Florida Inland Port is another step to improving its infrastructure and efficiency to move goods to market as well as to compete on the world stage
Infrastructure
Florida’s transportation infrastructure includes a 12,066-mile State Highway System, 14 deepwater seaports, 2,796 miles of main route rail lines, 19 commercial airports, and two of only eight commercially licensed spaceports in the United States.
Waterways: Information for activity levels on Florida’s waterway corridors is reported by the USACE. These data indicate that there are 49 inland Length of roads, railways and or intracoastal waterways in Florida. Of the 49 waterways identified, only waterways in miles 17 reported freight activity for 2006. These 17 waterways total approximately 1,488 miles.
Florida calls itself “The Innovation Hub of the Americas” All ports are in expansion, purchasing acres to expend their hinterlands. The general tendency is to increase multimodality in each main place where flows (freight or passengers) are meeting.
10 Main Hubs 19 Commercial airports, two of only eight commercially licensed spaceports in the United States 10 defense bases Number of freight handling facilities (hubs) to enable FLORIDA’s Strategic Intermodal System multimodal transport; Made up of statewide and regionally significant facilities and services number of freight airports, ports (strategic). Contains all forms of transportation for moving both people and goods (intermodal). Integrates individual facilities services modes of transportation and linkages into a single integrated transportation network (system). Florida's Strategic Intermodal System (SIS) is a transportation system that
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- Is made up of facilities and services of statewide and interregional significance (strategic) - Contains all forms of transportation for moving both people and goods, including linkages that provide for smooth and efficient transfers between modes and major facilities (intermodal) - Integrates individual facilities, services, forms of transportation (modes) and linkages into a single, integrated transportation network (system)
The SIS was established to - Efficiently serve the mobility needs of Florida's citizens, businesses, and visitors; and - Help Florida become a worldwide economic leader, enhance economic prosperity Yes Wimaw, WiFi networks available specific networks are implemented or projected for logistics.
Existence of adequate ICT Broadband planning infrastructure (e.g. broadband This project will develop and provide Florida communities with broadband access) a planning process, tool kits and training to local communities and regions who wish to develop broadband plans as part of their economic development efforts. The project is funding two pilot broadband plans that will include; Polk, Charlotte, Lee and Collier Counties
Institutions, Policies & Strategies
Yes Florida Department of Transportation The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT or Department) is an executive agency, which means it reports directly to the Governor. FDOT’s primary statutory responsibility is to coordinate the planning and Existence of national or regional development of a safe, viable, and balanced state transportation system administrative institutions / serving all regions of the state, and to assure the compatibility of all departments dedicated to deal components, including multimodal facilities. with logistics Florida Ports Council The Florida Seaports Council, Inc., d/b/a Florida Ports Council (FPC), is a Florida nonprofit corporation that serves as the professional association for Florida’s fifteen deepwater seaports and their management. The FPC is governed by a Board of Directors comprised of the fifteen port directors
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with staff support located in Tallahassee. The FPC provides leadership, advocacy and information on seaport-related issues before the Legislative and Executive Branches of State and Federal Government.
Incubators are gathered into the “Florida Business Incubation Association” (FBIA). It includes over 15 incubators
All major Universities have university Technology centres and incubators
Industry/University Cooperative Research of Logistics , comprises 8 to 10 Universities headed by the University of Arkansas under the umbrella of the "National Science Foundation". Number of technology transfer centres / incubators Florida has Enterprise Florida, a public-private partnership in charge of economic development activities in the state that is similar to the Michigan Economic Development Corporation. Enterprise Florida provides services to business that want to expand or relocate in the region and gives businesses access to university technology transfer offices and export advice to firms within the state.
Yes High commitment for innovation from different aspects
Florida Agency for Workforce Innovation The Florida Agency for Workforce Innovation provides employment resources for Florida residents, as well as business and labor information and services.
Enterprise Florida Florida provides an ecosystem of entrepreneurial resources, streamlined regulations and R&D infrastructure. Innovative companies in Florida can take advantage of a number of initiatives that support innovation including tax exemptions on R&D equipment, the Innovation Incentives Fund or the Existence of innovation policies GrowFL program. (funding instruments, innovation strategies) Six pillars (Florida Chamber of Commerce) The Six Pillars identifies the critical factors determining Florida’s future: Talent Supply & Education Innovation & Economic Development Infrastructure & Growth Leadership Business Climate & Competitiveness Civic & Governance Systems Quality of Life & Quality Places The Six Pillars incorporates the work of a diverse range of stakeholders and their strategic thinking, including Century Commission for a Sustainable Future, Florida Council of 100, Enterprise Florida, Florida State University System, Workforce Florida, and 1000 Friends of Florida, among others.
No specific axis for innovation policy in logistics (except transportation) underlined by the government. Yes
Existence of cluster policies on Florida's leading industry clusters play a key role in the state's continued regional or national level economic success and competitiveness. Innovative organizations in key Florida industries, such as life sciences and aerospace, find the nurturing environment here for developing state-of-the-art technologies, while
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sophisticated financial and professional services firms prosper thanks to Florida's skillful workforce and the state's business-friendly environment. Such conditions have been critical to Florida's success in building science, technology and professional industry clusters and to preserving the state's status as a key player in the Innovation Economy. Florida's strengths lie in the following key sectors: CLEANTECH / LIFE SCIENCES / INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY / AVIATION / AEROSPACE / LOGISTICS AND DISTRIBUTION / DEFENSE AND HOMELAND SECURITY / FINANCIAL / PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
Yes Sustainability policy is part of the Strategic Intermodal System policy. One of its main goals is to “enrich quality of life, and reflect responsible environmental stewardship”. One should keep in mind the sociology of the population and the state, and the existence of the Everglades region (and the everglades park). All examples of Tampa's policy exist, distributed in all Florida, but more Existence of sustainability policies developed in the area with a high demography. (e.g. sustainability and mobility Example of strategies belonging to this category : strategies, energy and waste Recycling organics through composting and the development of other management strategies) technologies that may produce energy, transportation fuels or specialty chemicals enables us to generate more value from this specific material stream Measuring and awarding performance standards in the integration of environmental, social and economic factors for the long-term sustainability of Florida. Develop the waste-to-energy capacity (report „solid waste management in Florida“)
Science & Education
Around 15 entities dealing with logistics (universities or research institutes) have been identified Florida Institute of Technology (Melbourne, Florida) Florida State College at Jacksonville (Jacksonville, Florida) Saint Leo University (Saint Leo, Florida) Supply Chain and Logistics Engineering Center (Supply Chain and Logistics Engineering Center Industrial and Systems Engineering - University of Florida) Florida Chamber of Commerce The Florida Chamber Foundation is the business-led, solutions development and research organization, working in partnership Number of (applied) universities with state business leaders to secure Florida’s future. The and research institutes dealing Foundation’s Six Pillars serve as a visioning platform for developing with logistical issues the first-ever long-term strategic plan for the state. The Foundation takes pride in producing and partnering on a number of important studies that have provided an intellectual framework for state policy, including: Florida Department of Transportation University of North Florida : Transportation and logistics Flagship Program and Center for Logistics & Supply Chain Management Executive Education Florida Atlantic University Florida International University Florida State University University of Central Florida
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University of West Florida (Certificate Programs - Supply Chain Logistics) University of Florida (Supply Chain and Logistics Engineering Center) University of Miami University of South Florida Florida Research Consortium : the Florida Research Consortium (FRC) is a strategic partnership of education, business and government formed specifically to advocate for knowledge-based economic development in Florida.
Industry/University Cooperative Research of Logistics , comprises 10 Universities headed by the University of Arkansas
Moreover, The Employ Florida Banner Center for Global Logistics is a consortium of the Florida Community Colleges and Universities that have joined together to serve as a resource for logistics & distribution education, training, and professional development in the state of Florida 10 universities are officially integrating sustainability in logistics. But if we observe in detail, nearly all institutions are declaring that they integrate sustainability in research dealing with logistics. Examples : Number of research entities Patel School of Global Sustainability : TAMPA, Fla. (May 4, 2011) - USF’s dealing with sustainability aspects efforts to provide cutting edge research and education in global within logistics sustainability will now all be housed under one entity with a new name: The Patel School of Global Sustainability. Florida International University (green supply chain forum) University of West Florida with Certificate Programs - Supply Chain Logistics
Yes CIBER (Florida International University - FIU): Center for International Business Education & Research: It aims to deliver unique curricular, research, and outreach programs in a cost-effective way to advance FIU's agenda of international teaching, research and outreach. It supports thematic research emphasizing the following topics: - Global competitiveness. Existence of a Strategic Research - Global Logistics and Research Support for One Community One Goal--a Agenda dedicated to (sustainable) project designed to foster targeted international industry growth in logistics South Florida
The CIBER also targets international logistics research, since it is directly related to U.S. competitiveness in that most U.S. companies and other MNEs are seeking to find ways to deliver the right products in the right quantity to the right place at the right time. Research is still in its infancy on international logistics and physical distribution management, and they see this research as contributing to FIU CIBER's mission of increasing U.S. competitiveness.
Yes Existence of interdisciplinary logistics research Interdisciplinary research centers are existing in the 10 main universities of (e.g. existence of interdisciplinary Florida already cited centres) Specifically : CELDIE INDUSTRY (consortium of 10 universities) Leaded by University of ARKANSAS.
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Center for Engineering Logistics and Distribution (CELDi) is a multi- university, multi-disciplinary National Science Foundation sponsored Industry/University Cooperative Research Center (I/UCRC). The academic partners include: Lehigh University Oklahoma State University Texas Tech University University of Arkansas University of Florida University of Louisville University of Nebraska - Lincoln University of Oklahoma
Yes Workforce Florida - Private-public collaboration: Nearly $1 million in Quick Response Training (QRT) grants to train approximately 1,000 new and existing workers at port businesses as well as manufacturing, logistics and related companies aimed at retaining jobs and expanding international trade and exports in Florida. Headquartered in Jacksonville, Reynolds, Smith and Hills, one of the nation's leading facilities and infrastructure consulting engineering firms, is partnering with the University of North Florida's Division of Continuing Education to coordinate the training. Existence of logistics specific $600,000 in Quick Response Training grants to train up to 600 people vocational training (occupational who work for air cargo related businesses, again with an eye toward and extra-occupational) boosting productivity and competitiveness for Florida companies to increase the state's export volume. The Air Cargo QRT Statewide Consortium project will be coordinated through Broward College with Reynolds, Smith and Hills. $600,000 to help create new career academies to develop pipeline talent for international trade jobs and forge stronger partnerships between local workforce boards and Florida's deepwater seaports. The project, led by the Jacksonville Chapter of the American Society of Transportation and Logistics, will create up to 15 Career Academies in high schools throughout the state focused on international trade and logistics and advanced manufacturing for international trade opportunities.
Cluster performance
Logistics and Distribution Cluster The broader wholesale trade, transportation and logistics industry employs more than half a million Floridians. Of those some 85,500 work at companies specifically providing logistics & distribution services. Nearly every major global logistics integrator already has a presence in the state, including the headquarters for Ryder System, Inc., Landstar System Inc., CEVA Logistics U.S., Inc. and other top logistics Existence of a logistics cluster companies. As the Western Hemisphere's commercial gateway, Florida's representing the triple helix logistics & distribution industry is poised to grow further with the Panama (developing or established) Canal expansion in 2014 and the numerous infrastructure developments and upgrades underway around the state. Value Added Logistics Services (VALS) Sitting along several key land, maritime, and air transportation corridors, Florida offers many desirable locations for VALS providers. o multimodal transportation systems o foreign trade zones o enterprise zones and other assets
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o 3PLs, freight forwarders/consolidators, customs brokers, importers and distributors, and back-office services providers.
Defence Logistics Two dozen large military installations in Florida offering significant opportunities for providing advanced logistics services to the defence community. In addition to virtually all major defence contractors, Florida is host to many smaller firms that supply components to the majors, as well as spare parts and materiel to the military bases themselves. In addition, civilian firms provide highly specialized services such as reconditioning, training and technical support services to help maintain the military's large on- demand logistics operations. Space operations also present logistics opportunities with both NASA and civilian space operators at Kennedy Space Center requiring sophisticated supply chain management services, including the management of materials, inventory, and other equipment, as well as their transportation, warehousing, storage, and disposal.
Specialized logistics IT Florida's large and growing IT cluster is already home to a number of firms specializing in logistics IT systems and related areas such as transportation management, inventory control, and homeland security applications. As the 5th largest state in computer systems design & related services employment, Florida also has the talent to develop new and innovative products in this fast-growing sector supporting the logistics & distribution industry.
WholeSale Trade & Transportation Florida's advanced transportation and trade infrastructure includes 14 deepwater seaports, 21 commercial service airports, 2 spaceports and nearly 3,000 miles of railway track and 18,000 miles of highways. Combined with its highly favorable geographic location along key international transportation corridors and its large and growing internal market and number of tourists, Florida has attracted a range of wholesale trade and transportation firms from around the world.
Florida offers easy access to global markets, as well as the trade and transportation network to facilitate the needs of any wholesale trade and transportation provider. Indeed, the state is host to more than 56,500 such companies, which are responsible for nearly 550,000 jobs in the state.
Florida Trade and Logistics Study (Florida Chamber Foundation) The Florida Chamber Foundation is a research organization and problem solver, working in partnership with state business leaders to advance and fund activities in public policy research that promote the future of Florida. The Florida Chamber Foundation is working closely with the clusters, including the logistics cluster. Existence of a logistics strategy Principles: A statewide system of trade gateways, logistics and distribution and /or objectives on cluster (or centers, and transportation corridors must link all regions of Florida and regional) level connect Florida to markets nationwide and worldwide. Florida’s Strategic Intermodal System (SIS) provides a statewide system for identifying and enhancing the most critical transportation facilities. Florida must provide sufficient capacity at key gateways and along key corridors to accommodate the anticipated increase in trade flows; seamless connectivity among transportation modes and facilities so they function as a system to move goods to market reliably and efficiently; and compatibility
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of transportation investments and surrounding land uses to enable the entire system to function effectively. These “3 Cs” are key to achieving Florida’s opportunities as a global hub, and must be infused into all state infrastructure and growth leadership initiatives. StudyGuide planning efforts to reach objectives according to « sustainable Transportation » : Transportation Planning for Sustainability Guidebook prepared for US DOT Federal Highway Administration It defines sustainable transportation and rises elements for a debate. In a second part, it shows how sustainability issues in transportation planning are addressed. . Strategic planning . Fiscally-constrained planning . Performance measurement and performance planning . Climate change adaptation and mitigation . Freight planning . Social sustainability assessment In a last part, the study describes domestic and international practices in sustainable transportation planning. Occurrence of sustainability / green aspects as part of the The Florida Chamber Foundation has defined “Six Pillars” or critical logistics cluster or regional elements of Florida’s future economy, to serve as a visioning platform for strategy / agenda moving Florida forward. The strategies recommended in this study are organized by the Six Pillars to facilitate integration with the state’s broader economic blueprint. Note that the sixth pillar is “quality of life and quality places”.
Florida Sustainable Communities Demonstration Project The Florida Sustainable Communities Demonstration Project was created by the Florida Legislature in 1996 to promote community involvement in achieving higher levels of energy efficiency and environmental protection throughout Florida. Overseen by the Florida Department of Community Affairs, the Demonstration Project traces its history to the Governor's Commission for a Sustainable South Florida, which was exploring ways to balance economic development and environmental restoration in South Existence of demonstration Florida. The Demonstration Project was developed as a way to evaluate projects designed to the future of which initiatives are most effective for producing sustainable communities. logistics and/or Twenty-eight communities applied for the designation as a "Sustainable sustainability of transport Community" under the project, from which five communities were selected. Each community is introducing a variety of initiatives designed to meet six goals: Restore key ecosystems Create quality communities and jobs Achieve a cleaner, healthier environment Limit urban sprawl Protect wildlife and natural areas Advance the efficient use of land and other resources
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Each of the five demonstration communities established its own Sustainable Communities Team, in partnership with the Department, to negotiate a Local Designation Agreement for approval by the Local Government Commission and the Secretary of the Department. The Local Designation Agreement spells out the goals of each community in light of the respective challenges each community faces. Each of the sustainable communities has established an urban growth boundary, and any amendments to the growth management plan within this boundary are exempt from state review. This way, the demonstration projects not only offer insight into effective sustainable development initiatives, but they help the state determine whether local communities are able to mitigate the regional impacts of development with minimum state oversight. If so, the project will demonstrate that not only can Florida achieve environmental sustainability, but that doing so can save money by reducing the role of the government.
Northeast Florida Regional Airport at St. Augustine Sustainability Management Plan Airport Sustainability represents a holistic approach to managing an airport to ensure the Economic viability, Operational efficiency, Natural resource conservation, and Social responsibility (EONS), as defined by Airports Council International of North America (ACI-NA) and adopted locally by the Florida Airports Council (FAC) As indicated by aviation industry research and sources, Airports are already implementing environmental- and energy-based initiatives that weigh environmental, economic, and social considerations in response to financial challenges, public expectations, and regulatory mandates on the aviation/airport industry
Sustainable Urban Transport Project (SUTP) The Sustainable Urban Transport Project (GIZ-SUTP) aims to help developing world cities achieve their sustainable transport goals, through the dissemination of information about international experience, policy advice, training and capacity building.
Sustainable transportation working group- University of Florida o In collaboration with the City of Gainesville, increasing the Regional Transit System (RTS) system to accommodate more locations and service times to move faculty and staff to and from the UF campus. o Increasing the number and quality of bikeways around the campus and improve the bicycling infrastructure to include bicycle parking and other facilities for bicyclists. o In cooperation with the City of Gainesville, creating safe and comfortable areas to bicycle and walk on and near campus. Did you know that Gainesville is number 37 on the list of 50 most bike-friendly cities in the U.S.? Or that it is #6 on this list of top cities in the US to bike commute? o Through the Office of Sustainability’s annual One Less Car program, encouraging students, staff and faculty to explore alternative modes of transportation, and incentivising their efforts.
Green Tampa City of Tampa employees are dedicated to a sustainable energy efficient future and improving the lives of our residents and making Tampa one of the best cities for people to visit. They are committed to investing in real tangible solutions to protect our natural environment for future generation“
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Reference
General Information Geographical / administrative classification : . http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/12000.html . http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/12/1271000.html . www.tampagov.net . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampa,_Florida Population – U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census and Census 2000, Released March 2013, www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/sf1.pdf
Economic Performance Gross Domestic Product per capita – own calculations; U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census and Census 2000, Released March 2013, www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/sf1.pdf; U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis: Regional Economic Accounts, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), at: www.bea.gov/regional/index.htm Unemployment Rate – U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and metropolitan area Florida Grants for startup Businesses - http://smallbusiness.chron.com/florida-grants-startup-businesses- 19046.html Tampa Bay journal website - http://businessdirectory.bizjournals.com/tampabay/financial_services/page/1 Florida Small Business Development Center Network - http://floridasbdc.org/mission.php Sourcing methods - http://www.floridaventuresourcing.com/ Tampa Bay Innovation Center - http://www.tbinnovates.com/about-us.cfm Enterprise Florida Inc. (EFI) - http://www.eflorida.com/ContentSubpage.aspx?id=206
Logistics specific economic performance Florida Logistics and distribution Industry Profile - http://www.eflorida.com/IntelligenceCenter Share of employees working in logistic sector : calculation based on the market offer - http://www.bls.gov/eag/eag.fl.htm Florida logistics and distribution industry - http://www.eflorida.com/IntelligenceCenter/download/LG/FF_Industry_Profile.pdf Top 5 industry sectors - http://partnership.tampabay.org/documents/2012%20REGIONAL%20PROFILE.pdf Industry of cinema - http://www.innovativelog.com/special-projects.html Space industry and logistics - http://www.eflorida.com/Logistics.aspx?id=9170 World Economic Forum : Outlook on the Logistics & Supply Chain Industry 2012 - The Panama Canal Expansion and its Impact on Global Trade - http://www3.weforum.org/docs/ WEF_SCT_GAC_OutlookLogisticsSupplyChainIndustry_IndustryAgenda_2012.pdf Impact on the Panama Canal Expansion on Florida – Press article - http://www.areadevelopment.com/stateResources/florida/Florida-Inland-Port-multi-modal-6625290.shtml
Infrastructure Florida's Strategic Intermodal System (SIS) - http://www.dot.state.fl.us/planning/sis/ Broadband planning - http://www.dms.myflorida.com/suncom/broadband_florida_initiative/local_regional_broadband_planning
Institutions, Policies & Strategies Florida Department of Transportation - http://www.dot.state.fl.us/agencyresources/aboutFDOT.shtm Florida Business Incubation Association (FBIA) - http://www.fbiaonline.org/Incubators/incubators.htm Florida Ports Council - http://www.flaports.org/ Agency for workforce innovation - http://jobsearch.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=jobsearch&cdn=careers&tm=45&f=00&su=p554.23.34 2.ip_&tt=11&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//www.floridajobs.org/ Six pillars (Florida Chamber of Commerce) - http://www.flchamber.com/six-pillars/overview/ and
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Science & Education University of Florida (Supply Chain and Logistics Engineering Center) - http://www.ise.ufl.edu/scale/ Patel School of Global Sustainability - http://psgs.usf.edu/about_patel_school_of_global_sustainability/staff- faculty/staff-affilated-faculty/ University of West Florida – Certificate programs in Supply Chain Logistics - http://uwf.edu/market/supplychain_certificate.cfm Center for International Business Education & Research (CIBER) - http://www.beaconcouncil.com/webdocs/Foundation/targetindustrystrategiesreport.pdf and http://ciber.fiu.edu/about.php Center for Engineering Logistics and Distribution (CELDi) - http://louisville.edu/speed/research/centers-and- labs/center-for-engineering-logistics-and-distribution-celdi.html
Cluster performance Central Florida Cluster Study - http://www.cfdc.org/demographics-research/central-florida-cluster-study/ Florida Trade and Logistics Study (Florida Chamber Foundation) The six pillars - http://www.porteverglades.net/includes/media/docs/FloridaTradeandLogisticsStudy-December2010-for- web.pdf Transportation Planning for Sustainability Guidebook prepared for US DOT Federal Highway Administration - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/climate_change/sustainability/resources_and_publications/guidebook/ sustain.pdf Florida Sustainable Communities Demonstration Project - http://www.smartcommunities.ncat.org/success/florida_sust_project.shtml Sustainability Management Plan - Northeast Florida Regional Airport at St. Augustine Sustainability Management Plan - http://www.flynfra.com/files/702242d2-9a95-4415-b06e-71da8c67b26d.pdf Sustainable Urban Transport Project (SUTP) - http://www.sutp.org/ Sustainable transportation working group- University of Florida - http://sustainable.ufl.edu/transportation Green Tampa - http://www.tampagov.net/dept_green_tampa/
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About the region
Vancouver is a city located in the southwest of Canada, in the British Columbia province. It is the third urban concentration in the country with 2.3 million people (the entire Metro Vancouver area). The city is a gateway to the rest of the country and Asia. It has an economy that is constantly increasing.
The Port of Vancouver is gateway for products distributed in North American corridor. It is a pool of 129.500 jobs. The trade is done with Asia mainly (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Indonesia and Taiwan) and the United States. Some traffic with South America exists. In 2011 the port activity was: 122.5 million tons including 84 million tons of bulk; coal predominates with 32 million tons; cereals account for 15 million tonnes; 2.5 million TEU in total.
Stakeholder groups engaged in logistics matters
Around 20 institutions that dealing with logistics have been identified, including all stakeholders of the triple helix: universities, research and industry association, logistics cluster and Canadian or provincial government. They aim to promote commerce and investment, the international trade, the Vancouver’s position as a trade and tourism gateway, to provide information, to deal with the regional road and transit network, and to focus on economics, management and policy issues within the transportation and logistics sector.
There is a cluster policy on national level [1]. It says that Canadians are globally recognized for clusters in clean technology, information and communication technologies and wireless, digital and screen-based media, and health and life sciences. Through “Canada Starts Here: The BC Jobs Plan”, it aims to help the province’s technology industry to become even stronger. The government says it will continue to leverage the more than $1.8 billion it has already invested in research and innovation to develop the commercial opportunities of tomorrow.
The technology sector includes four sub-sectors. One of them, Clean technology includes power generation, energy efficiency, transportation and industrial processes. The Province is introducing a new program that will accelerate commercialization of British Columbia innovations by linking industry to graduate researchers at their world-class post-secondary institutions.
In addition, public policies are helping to drive in the transition to a green economy in British Columbia by several action plans and funds like the Climate Action Plan, the British Columbia Energy Plan or the Innovative Clean Energy Fund.
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Outstanding characteristics of the region
Looking ahead to 2030, the Gateway Council envisions cargo and passenger volumes doubling. This would provide tremendous economic opportunities for the Region. Under this scenario total gateway employment could reach 250.000.
To handle this growth and realize the region’s gateway potential, it requires an efficient, multi-modal transportation system involving major investments in roads, rail and water- routes.
Three benchmarking aspects have to be mentioned:
(1) Transportation 2040: It is a long-term strategic vision for the city that will help guide transportation and land use decisions and public investments for the years ahead. The vision : “a city with a smart and efficient transportation system that supports a thriving economy while increasing affordability; healthy citizens who are mobile in a safe, accessible, and vibrant city; and a city that enhances its natural environment to ensure a healthy future for its citizens and the planet.” [2] (2) Greenest City 2020 Action Plan: Objective: becoming the greenest city in the world by 2020. The Greenest City 2020 Action Plan is a strategy for staying on the leading edge of city sustainability. The vision is to create opportunities today while building a strong local economy, vibrant and inclusive neighbourhoods, and an internationally recognized city that meets the needs of generations to come. The Greenest City 2020 Action Plan is divided into 10 smaller plans, each with a long-term (year 2050) goal and medium-term (year 2020) targets. Together, these 10 plans address three overarching areas of focus: carbon, waste, and ecosystems. [3] (3) A Commercial Transportation System for 2030: The Gateway Council envisages a Major Commercial Transportation System (MCTS) to accommodate future growth in goods, services and international passenger movements. It would comprise a designated road network, increased road and rail system capacity, short sea shipping and transit system expansion.[4]
References
[1] Canada Starts Here: The BC Jobs Plan, http://www.bcjobsplan.ca/wp-content/uploads/ TechnologyStrategy2012.pdf [2] Transportation 2040, http://vancouver.ca/files/cov/Transportation_2040_Plan_as_adopted_by_Council.pdf [3] Greenest City 2020 Action Plan, http://vancouver.ca/files/cov/Greenest-city-action-plan.pdf [4] Major Commercial Transportation System (MCTS), http://www.gvgc.ca/PDF/GVGC%20Vision%202030.pdf
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Vancouver, Canada
General Information
Vancouver is the largest city in the province of British Columbia, located on Canada’s west coast and the third largest Canadian city with 2.3 million people (the entire Metro Vancouver area). The city is a gateway to the rest of the country and Asia. It has an economy that is constantly increasing. "Over the last 5 years the economy of the province has regularly exceeded the Canadian economy."
Geographical / administrative classification
Population 603.502 (2011)
Economic Performance
GDP (per capita) $34.718 /capita
Employment Rate 93,6% (City of Vancouver, February 2013) Unemployment Rate 6.4% (City of Vancouver, February 2013)
Existence of regional funding and financing instruments to support No regional funding identified SMEs Yes Lean Startup Vancouver Lean Startup Vancouver is for startups and agile businesses that wants to transform how their products are built and launched by learning from the experience of others who are influenced by the Lean Startup, Lean, and Agile methodology
Areastartups Existence of comprehensive The objective is to provide listings and information about startup support networks for start-ups companies in the local area, to track the progress of startup companies, to see who is growing and how quickly and finally to deliver relevant news and job listings for startups near the company. GrowLab GrowLab is a Vancouver-based startup accelerator that helps entrepreneurs build companies through seed funding, mentorship, collaborative workspace and 3 months of programming.
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Logistics specific economic performance
Transport Services : 107 Logistics services : 138 Freight services : 99 Freight Forwarding : 36 Number of companies in the Cargo Freight services : 27 logistics sector Logistics : 51 Supply chain services : 33 Shipping services : 207 Trucking : 69
Share of employees working in 5.7% of the population of Vancouver logistics
The Port of Vancouver is a pool of 129,500 jobs: - direct jobs: 53,100 - indirect jobs : 54,900 - induced jobs : 21,500
Port activity in 2011: - 122.5 million tons including 84 million tons of bulk. Coal Share of corresponding key predominates with 32 million tons. Cereals account for 15 million industries acting as suppliers (ICT) tonnes. or costumers for the logistics - 2.5 million TEU sector (trade, manufacturing industries) The trade is done with Asia mainly (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Indonesia and Taiwan) and the United States. Some traffics with South America exist.
The Port of Vancouver is gateway for products distributed in North American corridor.
Existence of surrounding markets Planning for the replacement of George Massey Tunnel (TGM) : This will to implement innovative logistics allow to sustain the Vancouver Port site and strengthen its hinterland on solutions the Fraser River. This work would facilitate the navigation of vessels of large (e.g. urban or metropolitan areas capacity along the river and revive employment in these wet areas and to implement security systems for finally, modernize the port along the river. urban supply)
Infrastructure
Roads The TransCanada Highway, passes to the eastern edge of the city, is a system of federal-provincial roads connecting the ten provinces of Canada (4,860 miles) Railway Length of roads, railways and With 48,000 miles of railways, Canada has one of the largest railway waterways in miles networks in the world. Greater Vancouver’s rail system comprises over 310 miles of rail corridors, terminals, interchanges and yards. These facilities are located throughout the region. Waterways - Data unavailable
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Number of freight handling facilities (hubs) to enable 1 port : Port Metro Vancouver multimodal transport; 1 airport : Vancouver International Airport number of freight airports, ports Existence of adequate ICT infrastructure (e.g. broadband Yes access)
Institutions, Policies & Strategies
Yes B.C. Ministry of Economic Development Provincial government department that promotes commerce and investment in B.C. and administers B.C.’s venture capital programs.
Canada Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canadian government department responsible for promoting international trade. Amongst others, one priority for 2013–2014 is the contribution to economic prosperity through implementation of an updated Global Commerce Strategy, with an emphasis on expanding and diversifying commercial relationships with emerging and high-growth markets.
Existence of national or regional City of Vancouver administrative institutions / The City’s Engineering Services department provides information on departments dedicated to deal current transportation system performance and plans for the future. with logistics
Government of British Columbia Pacific Gateway Initiative British Columbia’s contribution to a unique partnership of industries and governments working to improve goods flow through the region.
Translink – South Coast B.C. Transportation Authority Government organization responsible for the regional road and transit network.
Vancouver Fraser Port Authority Three Vancouver area port authorities were amalgamated into this authority in 2008, significantly increasing efficiency and competitiveness.
There are at least 6 transfer centres / incubators that have been identified:
Grow Lab GrowLab is a Vancouver-based startup accelerator that helps entrepreneurs build companies through seed funding, mentorship, collaborative workspace and 3 months of intensive programming
Center 4 Growth Number of technology transfer They help entrepreneurs validate their opportunity, tell their story, make centres / incubators connections, AND grow their companies. The CEO-in-Residence program matches entrepreneurs to seasoned tech executives who have earned the scars of success and can help with any business issue.
Entrepreneurship @ University of British Columbia „e@UBC” is a campus wide initiative led by the Faculty of Applied Science, the Sauder School of Business, the Faculty of Science and the University Industry Liaison Office. It is supported by the Faculty of Arts and all the
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student entrepreneurship clubs on campus. The goal of the initiative is to nurture and foster the nascent student entrepreneurship culture at UBC, and to assist in the growth of start-up companies emerging from UBC. UBC affiliated startups now have access to subsidised co-working office space at the Vancouver Point Grey campus. The open plan office facility provides a working environment for startup entrepreneurs to share ideas and connect to the startup community activities. The incubator space is also the base for the entrepreneurship@UBC team.
Time Ventures innovation incubator The SFU TIME Ventures Hub is a partnership between SFU and BC's technology ventures industry. Their focus is on helping startup ventures and entrepreneurs who are developing solutions to improve productivity in the Digital Economy or to enhance sustainability in the Green Economy.
Discovery Parks Generators Program Discovery Parks Mission is to empower its clients (Tenant companies that create and use technology to accelerate their growth and enterprises that provide support services and infrastructure to our tenants). Their vision is to become British Columbia’s most desirable facilities provider to technology companies and their support services
RFEOI for Vancouver Technology Centre (VTC) The City of Vancouver in collaboration with the Vancouver Economic Commission, have issued an RFEOI for a technology incubation and acceleration centre to be called the “Vancouver Technology Centre” (VTC). The City is seeking to engage a party on a long-term basis to deliver incubation and acceleration business development services for early-stage technology and social innovation companies. Yes Vancouver is almost unique as a local innovation system (LIS) in North America: it is not self-contained; it is dependent upon its transportation and communication links. The city and its LIS are a “pivot point” between North America and Asia, unlike many of the other high-tech cluster areas in Canada and the US. Its major continental competition is in California, which has similar geographical attributes.
Canada Foundation for Innovation CFI funding is awarded through a thorough merit-based review process that involves researchers, research administrators and private sector Existence of innovation policies administrators. These volunteers review proposals, typically in committees, (funding instruments, innovation and make funding recommendations to the CFI. The recommendations of strategies) these committees are then reviewed by the CFI Board of Directors for final funding decisions.
Transportation 2040 It is a long-term strategic vision for the city that will help guide transportation and land use decisions and public investments for the years ahead. The vision : “a city with a smart and efficient transportation system that supports a thriving economy while increasing affordability; healthy citizens who are mobile in a safe, accessible, and vibrant city; and a city that enhances its natural environment to ensure a healthy future for its citizens and the planet.”
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Yes Canada Starts Here: The BC Jobs Plan It says that British Columbia is recognized as an innovative, talent-rich jurisdiction, that it is globally recognized for clusters in clean technology, information and communication technologies and wireless, digital and screen-based media, and health and life sciences (...).Through Canada Starts Here: The BC Jobs Plan, the objective is to help their province’s technology industry become even stronger. They will continue to leverage the more than $1.8 billion they have already invested in research and innovation to develop the commercial opportunities of tomorrow. Government is committed to working with the technology sector to identify the best ways to implement the actions identified in this strategy, and to Existence of cluster policies on discuss other ideas that can assist this sector. B.C. is also committed to regional accelerating technology commercialization and adoption, building on or national level regional strengths to create new opportunities, developing talent for our knowledge-based economy, and expanding the markets for B.C.’s world- class technology. The technology sector includes four sub-sectors: Clean technology includes power generation, energy efficiency, transportation and industrial processes. British Columbia’s commitment to continued leadership on climate and energy policies helps to foster innovation and growth in this sub-sector (...). The Province is introducing a new program that will accelerate commercialization of B.C. innovations by linking industry to graduate researchers at their world-class post-secondary institutions.
Yes Greenest City 2020 Action Plan Objective: becoming the greenest city in the world by 2020. The Greenest City 2020 Action Plan is a strategy for staying on the leading edge of city sustainability. The vision is to create opportunities today while building a strong local economy, vibrant and inclusive neighbourhoods, and an internationally recognized city that meets the needs of generations to come. The Greenest City 2020 Action Plan is divided into 10 smaller plans, each with a long-term (year 2050) goal and medium-term (year 2020) targets. Together, these 10 plans address three overarching areas of focus: carbon, waste, and ecosystems.
Moreover, there are policies in British Columbia that aim at helping to drive the transition to a green economy: Existence of sustainability policies BC Climate Action Plan (e.g. sustainability and mobility The Plan outlines strategies and initiatives to take BC approximately 73 strategies, energy and waste percent towards meeting the goal of reducing GHG emissions by 33 percent management strategies) by 2020. BC Energy Plan The Energy Plan is designed to make the province energy self-sufficient by 2016 with at least 90 percent of the province’s energy coming from renewable sources. The strategic energy plan sets ambitious targets around the development of clean energy, conservation, and efficiency, and outlines plans to invest in advanced energy innovation BC Bioenergy Strategy The BC Bioenergy Strategy includes $25 million for the BC Bioenergy Network—an industry-led initiative that acts as a catalyst for deploying near-term technologies in eight opportunity areas and leverages funding to support BC-focused technology and applications. Since the beginning of 2009, the network has invested $5 million into research and development for new technologies
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Greenhouse Gas Reduction Targets Act The GHG Reduction Targets Act includes requirements to create a carbon neutral public sector by 2010 and to reduce the carbon intensity of transportation fuels by 10 percent by 2020 BC Carbon Tax North America’s first carbon tax based on GHG emissions from fossil fuel combustion encourages low-carbon economic development while reinvesting revenue into targeted tax cuts for individuals and businesses, making the carbon tax revenue-neutral BC Brownfield Renewal Strategy The Strategy helps reduce risk and uncertainty in brownfield redevelopment and creates more streamlined approvals for brownfield projects by contributing funding to land owners or developers in relation to brownfield sites. The Strategy is backed by a $10 million Brownfield Renewal Fund Innovative Clean Energy Fund The $25 million a year Innovative Clean Energy (ICE) Fund encourages the development of clean energy and energy efficient technologies in the electricity, alternative energy, transportation, and oil and gas sectors in communities throughout the province. The Fund show-cases “pre-commercial” energy technologies that have international market potential and demonstrates the commercial viability of these new energy technologies.
Vancouver Economic Commission (VEC) VEC is in the process of developing an economic development strategy for the city of Vancouver, with a target completion date in the second quarter of 2010. The strategy is based on Guiding Principles for Economic Development established by the City of Vancouver in 2006. The first stage in developing the economic development strategy was the development of the Business Climate Report - an assessment of the business climate in the City of Vancouver. This assessment, with recommendations, was completed and presented to the City in November 2007.
Science & Education
At least 6 universities and research institutes
University of British Columbia (UBC) UBC is affiliated with several research institutes, centres, organizations, and hospitals, many of which are located on the university's main Point Grey campus. Some of them : Sauder School of Business - Centre for Transportation Studies Number of (applied) universities Sauder School of Business's specialized research centres work with leading and research institutes dealing international companies to apply creative management thinking to impact with logistical issues practice and provide relevant education. The Centre for Transportation Studies fosters research and publication on transportation, logistics and closely allied fields. The primary emphasis is on economics, management and policy issues, but many academic disciplines may be involved including economics, operations research, statistical analysis, management and organizational structure, as well as teaming up with expertise from civil engineering, geography, environmental studies, planning or other academic programs.
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Sauder School of Business - The Transportation and Logistics (TLOG) Faculty Research and publications by faculty rank among the best in the world. Faculty pursue rigorous and empirically-based research with close contact with both industry and public policy decision makers. Research and its dissemination is contributed to academic and management conferences. Faculty are on the editorial boards of leading transportation and logistics journals. Faculty are active participants in public policy development processes in Canada as well as in other countries and are often interviewed by the news media.
British Columbia Institute of Technology The BCIT School of Transportation is a North American leader in transportation training, producing the high-quality, job-ready graduates in demand by the aerospace, marine, motive and rail sectors.
Canadian Institute of Traffic and Transportation CITT is Canada’s foremost professional development association in the supply chain and logistics sector. Their programs and services promote excellence and career path development for transportation logisticians by offering: • Professional certification • Professional development • Cooperative networking opportunities
Simon Fraser University (SFU) Jack Austin Centre for Asia Pacific Business Studies The Jack Austin Centre for Asia Pacific Business Studies at SFU is a partnership with the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada. The goal of the Centre is to carry out research, outreach and training activities on business issues that are relevant to Canada’s interests in the Asia Pacific region. The initial focus of the Centre will be on: Canada Asia Mutual Investments Innovation and Entrepreneurship Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance
Simon Fraser University (SFU) CMA Innovation Centre The Centre’s research mandate is to generate and disseminate new knowledge on the study of innovation and to make available learning opportunities to organizational leaders and managers in partnership with the CMA. Initially the research will be based on and evolve from the significant research expertise already in the Beedie School of Business. The Centre’s longer-term research mandate includes the development of relevant applied and basic research agendas that will be developed in consultation and collaboration with CMA Canada. Topics of interest include: New product development Open and user innovation Innovation and entrepreneurship Genesis and evolution of new industries, new organizations and new technologies Adoption and diffusion of technologies Management of R&D and science Management of knowledge and intellectual property Processes of organizational learning and change
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Networks and industrial clusters Innovation and sustainability Innovation policy At least 2 research entities
Simon Fraser University (SFU) Jack Austin Centre for Asia Pacific Business Studies Number of research entities One of the current research project : Social Risk and Transparency in Global dealing with sustainability aspects Supply Chains (in partnership with Infosys Limited, Bangalore, India) within logistics
Simon Fraser University (SFU) CMA Innovation Centre Topics of interest include Innovation and sustainability Existence of a Strategic Research Agenda dedicated to (sustainable) Not identified logistics Yes
Centre for Transport Studies, Sauder business school The Centre for Transportation Studies fosters research and publication on transportation, logistics and closely allied fields. The primary emphasis is on economics, management and policy issues, but many academic disciplines may be involved including economics, operations research, statistical analysis, management and organizational structure, as well as teaming up with expertise from civil engineering, geography, environmental studies, planning or other academic programs.
Existence of interdisciplinary Centre for Policy Research on Science and Technology logistics research The Centre for Policy Research on Science and Technology (CPROST) was (e.g. existence of interdisciplinary established in 1988 as an independent, self-supporting institute. It is linked centres) to the School of Communication, within the Faculty of Communication, Art and Technology at Simon Fraser University. CPROST is an academic centre devoted to policy studies on science, technology, and innovation (STI). CPROST brings together practitioners and scholars to study the interaction of advances in STI, their implementation in the marketplace, and their impacts on community and individual interests. Faculty and students at CPROST work within a multi-disciplinary framework on technology-based problems that have ongoing implications. The Centre has developed work on policy for federal and provincial governments on science, technology, research and development, and innovation in the Canadian context and throughout the world.
Yes
Existence of logistics specific BCIT School of transportation vocational training (occupational International Trade and Transportation Logistics and extra-occupational) This program is designed for those engaged in both the buying and selling of goods and their movement.
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Cluster performance
No logistics cluster identified in Vancouver or in British Columbia but:
Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions (PICS) Its mission To partner with governments, the private sector, other researchers and civil society, in order to undertake research on, monitor, Existence of a logistics cluster and assess the potential impacts of climate change and to assess, develop representing the triple helix and promote viable mitigation and adaptation options to better inform (developing or established) climate change policies and actions.
Western Transportation Advisory Council (WESTAC) Not a logistic cluster but a non-profit association dedicated to advancing Western Canada’s economy through excellence in transportation. Member organizations include service providers, labour unions, shippers, policy- makers and regulators No real cluster strategy, but other strategies:
Greater Vancouver Gateway to Asia - The System in 2030 Looking ahead to 2030, the Gateway Council envisions cargo and passenger volumes doubling. This would provide tremendous economic opportunities for the Region. Under this scenario total Gateway employment could reach 250,000. A vibrant regional economy will attract new businesses to locate here and expand local demand for Gateway services: imports, exports, travel and tourism. As Gateway business expands and the Region’s population grows, pressure will increase on the Gateway road and rail systems. It is estimated that by 2030 (compared to 2005) there will be: Existence of a logistics strategy and 0.8 to 1.3 million more container truck trips /or objectives on cluster (or 19.5 million more people accessing the airport regional) level 39,000 more rail cars on the rail system 0.9 - 1.0 million more vehicles on the roads To handle this growth and realize the Region’s gateway potential, requires an efficient, multi-modal transportation system involving major investments in roads, rail and water-routes.
A Commercial Transportation System for 2030 The Gateway Council envisages a Major Commercial Transportation System (MCTS) to accommodate future growth in goods, services and international passenger movements. It would comprise a designated road network, increased road and rail system capacity, short sea shipping and transit system expansion. Occurrence of sustainability / Strengthening of sea-land and sea-air intermodality by 2030. Objective: to green aspects as part of the make Vancouver the gateway to North America, particularly to the east logistics cluster or regional coast. This requires development of ports, airports, rail and logistics related strategy / agenda organizations. A major infrastructure project will strengthen the sustainable mobility of goods namely the investment in the George Massey Tunnel TGM Existence of demonstration facilitating the rise of vessels along the Fraser River. projects designed to the future of logistics and/or Interactive Map of projects led by the Ministry of Transportation and sustainability of transport Infrastructure
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References
General Information Vancouver Economic Mission - Economic Profile - http://www.vancouvereconomic.com/page/economic-profile Vancouver Market Profile - http://omaccanada.ca/en/market/vancouver/default.omac
Economic Performance Lean Startup Vancouver - http://www.meetup.com/Lean-Startup-Vancouver/ Areastartups - http://vancouver.areastartups.com/ GrowLab - www.growlab.ca
Logistics specific economic performance Number of companies in the logistics sector - Hotfrog (the numbers are not to be added) Vancouver Economic Mission - Economic Profile - http://www.vancouvereconomic.com/page/economic-profile Planning for the replacement of George Massey Tunnel (TGM) - http://engage.gov.bc.ca/masseytunnel/
Infrastructure Presentation on Major Commercial Transportation System (2005) - http://www.gvgc.ca/pdf/GVGC_MCTSApril2005_2.pdf Length of roads, railways and waterways in km – - http://www.tc.gc.ca/media/documents/policy/Stats-Addend-2011-fra.pdf (page 127) - http://www.gvgc.ca/pdf/mctsrailrprtfeb03.pdf A study in 2003 explaining the factors causing underutilization of water routes - http://www.gvgc.ca/pdf/mctswaterrprtjan03.pdf Interesting Map link (Current & Planned Infrastructure – Waterborne) - http://www.gvgc.ca/pdf/MCTSwatermap.pdf ICT Infrastructure : detailed profile of the Vancouver sector - http://www.vancouvereconomic.com/page/information-communications-technology
Institutions, Policies & Strategies Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada - www.asiapacific.ca B.C. Ministry of Economic Development - www.investbc.ca - www.equitycapital.gov.bc.ca Canada Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade - www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca - http://www.international.gc.ca/about-a_propos/plans/index.aspx?view=d City of Vancouver - www.vancouver.ca/engsvcs/transport Government of British Columbia Pacific Gateway Initiative - www.th.gov.bc.ca/PacificGateway Greater Vancouver Gateway Council - www.gvgc.ca University of British Columbia Centre for Transportation Studies - www.sauder.ubc.ca/cts Western Transportation Advisory Council - www.westac.com Grow Lab - http://www.growlab.ca/ Institute B - http://www.instituteb.com/ Center 4 Growth - http://www.bctia.org/Centre4Growth Entrepreneurship @ University of British Columbia - http://entrepreneurship.ubc.ca/ Wavefront - http://www.wavefrontac.com/ Time Ventures innovation incubator - http://www.sfu.ca/io/timecentre.html Discovery Parks Generators Program - http://www.discoveryparks.com/generator-to-open-by-february-1-2011/ RFEOI for Vancouver Technology Centre (VTC) - http://www.vancouvereconomic.com/vedcnews/rfeoi-for- vancouver-technology-centre-vtc Canada Foundation for Innovation - http://www.innovation.ca/en/OurInvestments/ProjectsFunded/Downloaddatabase Canada Starts Here: The BC Jobs Plan - http://www.bcjobsplan.ca/wp- content/uploads/TechnologyStrategy2012.pdf
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Public policies helping to drive the transition to a green economy in BC - BC Climate Action Plan - http://www.livesmartbc.ca/attachments/climateaction_plan_web.pdf - BC Energy Plan -http://www.energyplan.gov.bc.ca/ - BC Bioenergy Strategy - http://www.energyplan.gov.bc.ca/bioenergy/ - Greenhouse Gas Reduction Targets Act - http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/cas/legislation/ - BC Carbon Tax - http://www.bclaws.ca/EPLibraries/bclaws_new/document/ID/freeside/00_08040_01 - BC Brownfield Renewal Strategy - http://www.al.gov.bc.ca/clad/ccs/brownfields/renewal_strategy.html - Innovative Clean Energy Fund - http://www.energyplan.gov.bc.ca/bcep/default.aspx?hash=6 Vancouver Economic Commission (VEC) - http://www.vancouvereconomic.com/page/economic-development- strategy
Science & Education Sauder School of Business - Centre for Transportation Studies - http://www.sauder.ubc.ca/Faculty/Research_Centres/Centre_for_Transportation_Studies - The Transportation and Logistics (TLOG) Faculty - http://www.sauder.ubc.ca/Faculty/Research_Centres/Centre_for_Transportation_Studies/Faculty British Columbia Institute of Technology - http://www.bcit.ca/transportation/ Canadian Institute of Traffic and Transportation - http://www.citt.ca/ University of British Columbia (UBC) - Simon Fraser University (SFU) - Jack Austin Centre for Asia Pacific Business Studies - http://beedie.sfu.ca/jack-austin-centre/about-us/ - CMA Innovation Centre - http://beedie.sfu.ca/cma-centre/ VANCOUVER 2020 - http://vancouver.ca/green-vancouver/greenest-city-2020-action-plan.aspx TRANSPORTATION 2040 - http://vancouver.ca/streets-transportation/transportation-2040.aspx Major Commercial Transportation System (MCTS) - http://www.gvgc.ca/AboutCouncil.aspx - http://www.gvgc.ca/Vision2030.aspx - http://www.gvgc.ca/RealizingVision.aspx Centre for Policy Research on Science and Technology - http://www.sfu.ca/cprost/ British Columbia Institute of Technology - International Trade and Transportation Logistics - http://www.bcit.ca/study/programs/7460mcert
Cluster performance Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions (PICS) - http://pics.uvic.ca/ - Strategic Research Plan (2012) - http://pics.uvic.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/strategic_research_plan_2012.pdf Western Transportation Advisory Council (WESTAC) - http://www.westac.com/index.html and http://www.westac.com/pdfs/About/brochmems.pdf Interactive Map of projects led by the Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure - http://www.th.gov.bc.ca/tranprojectsbc/#view=map&z=7&ll=50.1699,-123.5193
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About the region
Yokohama is the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture and belongs to the greater Tokyo Metropolitan Region. The population is 3.7 million and its GDP accounts for US$ 127.7 billion.
Within the Kanagawa Prefecture, 40 universities (37 science and technology universities) and 30 graduate schools with more than 300 research institutions are concentrated. These include the Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, RIKEN Yokohama Institute Yokohama Research Promotion Division, Yokohama National University, Keio University and Kanagawa University (Yokohama Science Frontier). The number of workers in academic research institutes is approximately 50.000, the highest in Japan.
In the economy and industry field, above all, the prefecture focuses on improving the infrastructures to ease access to the Kinki economic bloc, which is one of the largest in Japan, and to the Chubu and Tokyo economic blocs to contribute to the development of industries in the prefecture. [1]
Stakeholder groups engaged in logistics matters
Kanagawa is one of Japan’s leading prefectures in terms of the concentration of automotive industry. The prefecture has a concentration of many globally well-known companies such as Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation, Isuzu Motors Limited, and Bosch [2]. Especially, Nissan Motor was first established in Kanagawa Prefecture and conducts R&D and manufacturing in the prefecture with their Global Headquarters, research centres, and main plants established in the prefecture. Moreover, Kanagawa is focused on the spread of electronic vehicles (EV) and promoting the implementation of various EV such as EV buses and EV motorcycles. Automotive industry is the core industry of Kanagawa Prefecture that leads the present and future of the prefecture.
The «Climate Change Policy Headquarters» plans under the « Future City Initiative » a system for promoting the concept of Future City. For this purpose, a «Yokohama City Consortium on Environmentally Friendly Futuristic City» is planned to include stakeholders such as government authorities, academia, business enterprises, and NPOs. [3]
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Outstanding characteristics of the region
Yokohama Port Cargo Centre was opened in August 1996 and has been a symbol of the Port of Yokohama. As a central facility of the Yokohama FAZ, it is one of the largest synthetic logistics centre in Japan with total floor space of 320,000 square metres and extending 634 metres in length. It is able to handle the cargo of 4.25 million tons annually. It has the latest facilities to meet an increasing variety of logistics activities such as cargo sorting, storage, processing, disposal, distribution, and shipping. [4]
City logistics is a top priority. National pilot programmes for clean urban transport have been encouraged in the form of urban consolidation centers but few examples were accepted for funding. The most famous of these was Motomachi Urban Consolidation Centre in Yokohama.There are also other similar initiatives to reduce harmful emmissions and transform the city to a sustainable & green city such as « Yokohama Green Valley Initiative », « Yokohama Future City Initiative » etc.
Kanagawa is one of Japan’s leading prefectures for science and technology. Also, with the progress of the globalization of research institutions, the prefecture’s various research institutions interact with advanced research institutions worldwide, allowing technological transfer to proceed among the global manufacturing network.
The City of Yokohama has been designated by the Japanese government in July 2008 as an “Eco-Model City” as its commitment to tackling climate change issues was regarded as highly successful, specifically in such methods as formulation of Yokohama’s action plans to mitigate climate change including a policy for renewable energy promotion. The Yokohama Smart City Project (YSCP) is an effort to develop a model for smart cities by means of cooperation between citizens, private companies, and the municipality, and to export the successful model to Japan and the rest of the world. [5]
References
[1] Investing in Yokohama (Economic Affairs Bureau) [2] JETRO (Japan External Trade Organisation) [3] The University of Tokyo News (Future City Initiative) [4] UNESCAP Publication: “Cases of the Leading Ports in Developing Logistics Centers” [5] Climate Change Policy Headquarters of the City of Yokohama
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Yokohama – Kanagawa, Japan
General Information
Geographical / administrative Capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture (in Tokyo Metropolitan Region) classification Population 3,7 million inhabitants
Economic Performance
GDP (per capita) around USD 35.000 Employment rate Unemployment Employment rate = N/A rate Unemployment rate = 5 % Yes, for example: Subsidy Program The program promotes investment in advanced equipment as measures to deal with Yen appreciation and energy constraints. It supports projects meeting the criteria of “latest production equipment that can dramatically improve resource productivity” or “specialized equipment for the production of high-value added core parts/materials” A portion of the cost of installing latest equipment, etc. is subsidized, up to 1/2 for SMEs or up to 1/3 for non- SMEs.
Safety-net guarantee program Supports SMEs whose business stability is threatened by external factors (e.g., major customers’ restricted operations or application for rehabilitation Existence of funding and financing procedures, the impact of a disaster, failure of the main bank) by making instruments to support SMEs additional credit guarantees available. Safety-net loans Makes loans to SMEs temporarily facing cash-flow problems due to a radical change in the business environment, the bankruptcy of a major customer, or the streamlining of the main bank.
Framework for Supporting SMEs in Overseas Business Comprehensive assistance for SMEs advancing into overseas Markets.
There are also other similar initiatives to reduce harmful emmissions and transform the city to a sustainable & green city such as « Yokohama Green Valley Initiative », « Yokohama Future City Initiative » etc. Yes, for example: - Subsidy Program for new Business Establishment in the areas recovering from Tsunami and nuclear disaster towards employment creation; up to 2/3 for SMEsand up to 1/2 for non-SMEs - Subsidy Program for Projects Promoting Asian Site Location in Japan; Existence of comprehensive Establishment of R&D facilities OR Regional Headquarters in Japan by support networks for start-ups Global Companies; support ratio up to 1/2 for SMEs; up to 1/3 for non- SMEs and :up to 2/3 for disaster afflicted areas - Comprehensive Special Zones; Special regulatorymeasures, tax reduction, etc. are available for companieswith business plans in designated 7zones: *Hokkaido, Ibaraki, Tokyo, Kanagawa, Aichi/Gifu,Kyoto/Osaka/Hyogo, Fukuoka has been selected
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Logistics specific economic performance
Number of companies in the 420 (member of JIFFA) logistics sector (Japan International Freight Forwarders Association Inc.)
Share of employees working in Not identified / Data not found logistics
Share of employees working in corresponding key industries for Not identified / Data not found the logistics sector (ICT, trade, manufacturing industries) Existence of surrounding markets Kanagawa automotive industry cluster. In the economy and industry field, to implement innovative logistics above all, the prefecture focuses on improving the infrastructures to ease solutions access to the Kinki economic bloc, which is one of the largest in Japan, and to (e.g. urban or metropolitan areas the Chubu and Tokyo economic blocs to contribute to the development of to implement security systems for industries in the prefecture. urban supply)
Infrastructure
For the whole JAPAN: Length of roads, railways and Total real length of expressways: 5615 miles waterways in miles Total real length of general national highways: 34.000 miles Railway network length: 12,458 miles 3 (Kawasaki, Tokyo, Yokohama ports)
Yokohama developed rapidly as Japan's prominent port city following the end of Japan's relative isolation in the mid-19th century, and is today one of Number of freight handling its major ports along with Kobe, Osaka, Nagoya, Hakata, Tokyo, and Chiba. In facilities (hubs) to enable order to boost the competitiveness of ports in Japan, six ports (Tokyo, multimodal transport; Yokohama, Nagoya, Yokkaichi, Osaka and Kobe) were designated as “super- number of freight airports, ports hub ports” in 2004. Efforts are being made to improve services and cut costs, while equipping the ports with container terminals and innovative logistics systems.
Nationwide, there are 997 ports and 96 airports. Existence of adequate ICT Yes infrastructure (e.g. broadband TEDI Club access) (Trade Electronic Data Interchange)
Institutions, Policies & Strategies
Existence of national or regional The Kanagawa Prefectural Government Investment Promotion Division administrative institutions / Industry - Department Commerce, Industry and Labor Bureau (JETRO departments dedicated to deal Yokohama) with logistics They promote the region and attract foreign investors. 8 technology transfer centres / incubators Yokohama is currently developing a life science city called "Yokohama Science Frontier" in the Keihin Waterfront Area (Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku), a Number of technology transfer large concentrated zone of industry and technology. Centered on the RIKEN centres / incubators (Institute of Physical and Chemical Research) Yokohama Institute, it links the eight science and engineering universities and private research institutes in the city and encourages them to collaborate with precision machinery manufacturers and IT-related companies in the Keihin Waterfront Area.
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Yes
To create a big biotechnology-cluster in Yokohama, the city set up the Yokohama Science Frontier in the Keihin Waterfront Area. In order to further nurture IT and biotechnology business and research in Yokohama, the city also released a special incentive programme, the Targeted Industries Program, for companies who plan to relocate their business from outside of Yokohama to Yokohama Science Frontier itself or in the surrounding Keihin Waterfront Area.
Law on Extraordinary Measures for the Promotion of Imports and Facilitation of Inward Investment At the request of foreign governments to improve the business climate for foreign affiliated companies in Japan, the Japanese Government made a significant push to expand foreign investment and to increase import levels. Existence of innovation policies As part of its trade-promotion efforts, the Japanese Government enacted a (funding instruments, innovation special law in July 1992 called the Law on Extraordinary Measures for the strategies) Promotion of Imports and Facilitation of Inward Investment. The stated purpose of the law was to enhance access to the Japanese market for foreign products and to encourage more foreign companies to export to and/or invest in Japan. The law permitted the establishment of a nationwide network of foreign access zones (FAZs), which numbered 22locations as of September 2000. Of the 22 FAZs, 16 are located in port areas, 1 is in a port/airport area, and 5 are in airport. Since FAZs are located near seaports and/or airports close to regional markets, they offer Low-cost distribution areas. FAZs serve a dual function: promoting the development of import-related infrastructure, and strategically concentrating import-related companies into certain locations. FAZs all across Japan generate their own plans to maximize respective local advantages for the expansion of business opportunities between Japan and other countries.
Yokohama is working to foster and bring together companies in leading-edge industries such as IT and biotechnology. In the area of IT, many world-famous electronics manufacturers and R&D laboratories can be found in Yokohama and environs, and the small and medium-sized technology companies supporting them have set up local operations in a multilayered fashion. In biotechnology, the Yokohama Science Frontier is being established in the Keihin Waterfront District and, centered on RIKEN, it is drawing in biotechnology and life science research facilities.
Existence of cluster policies on Industrial-academic-governmental collaboration has led to an agglomeration regional of R&D companies in the Keihin Waterfront District and elsewhere in or national level Yokohama, which also boasts numerous science/engineering universities and research organizations that have produced outstanding research results. They possess a wealth of development seeds and research seeds for creating next-generation industrial technology, and offer great potential for industrial-academic collaboration. To actively employ these resources in developing existing industries and creating new ones, Yokohama supports the development of new technology and new products through industrial- academic collaboration with small and medium-sized enterprises and venture companies in the city
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Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action for a Safer World Guidelines for Natural Disaster Prevention, Preparedness and Mitigation This document is the output of the World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction, held in Yokohama, Japan, from 23 May to 27 May 1994. It provides guidelines for natural disaster prevention, preparedness and mitigation. Part I describes the principles on which a disaster reduction strategy should be based. Part II is a plan of action agreed upon by all member states of the United Nations. Part III gives some guidelines concerning the follow-up of action.
“Eco-Model City” Yokohama - “Yokohama Green Valley Initiative” The City of Yokohama has been designated by the Japanese government in July 2008 as an “Eco-Model City” as its commitment to tackling climate change issues was regarded as highly successful. The City of Yokohama has recently formulated action plans in an attempt to materialize “Yokohama Green Valley Initiative”- one of the core projects of Existence of sustainability policies the “Eco-Model City.” Yokohama aims to promote “low carbon urban (e.g. sustainability and mobility planning” through fostering environment and clean energy industries that strategies, energy and waste contribute to stimulation of economy and through forming an education management strategies) basement for environmental issues. In this regard, Yokohama will hold talks with enterprises and concerned parties in the community that have keen interests in the above mentioned projects
Yokohama Smart City Project (YSCP) The Yokohama Smart City Project (YSCP) is an effort to develop a model for smart cities by means of cooperation between citizens, private companies, and the municipality, and to export the successful model to Japan and the rest of the world. Large-scale operational experiments are being held with Yokohama, a large, advanced city with a diverse topographical range of districts, as the stage. The hierarchical bundling of Energy Management Systems (EMS) enables energy management at the level of individual EMS and demand-side management at the level of the overall system. Each of the EMS considers its respective environment in managing energy and making energy use visible.
Science & Education
Number of (applied) universities and research institutes dealing 37 science and technology universities with logistical issues 30 graduate schools
Number of research entities dealing with sustainability aspects 2 within logistics Existence of a Strategic Research Agenda dedicated to (sustainable) Not identified logistics
Concentration of R&D institutions, educational institutions, and workforce: Existence of interdisciplinary In Kanagawa Prefecture, 37 science and technology universities and more logistics research than 300 research institutions are concentrated. The number of workers in (e.g. existence of interdisciplinary academic research institutes is approximately 50,000, the highest in Japan. centres) Kanagawa is one of Japan’s leading prefectures for science and technology. Also, with the progress of the globalization of research institutions, the prefecture’s various research institutions interact with advanced research
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institutions worldwide, allowing technological transfer to proceed among the global manufacturing network.
Keio University Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Administration Engineering Graduate of Science for Open and Environmental Existence of logistics specific Systems: Production and Logistics Management Laboratory was established vocational training (occupational in 2006. and extra-occupational) Yokohama National University : College of Engineering; Division of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Marine Technology
Cluster performance
Not a logistics cluster but there is an industrial cluster (concentration) of automotive industry: Kanagawa is one of Japan’s leading prefectures in terms of the concentration of automotive industry. The prefecture has a concentration of many globally well-known companies such as Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation, Isuzu Motors Limited, and Bosch. Especially, Nissan Motor was first established in Kanagawa Prefecture and conducts R&D and manufacturing in the prefecture with their Global Headquarters, research centers, and main plants established in the prefecture.
Moreover, Kanagawa is focused on the spread of electronic vehicles (EV) and Existence of a logistics cluster promoting the implementation of various EV such as EV buses and EV representing the triple helix motorcycles. Automotive industry is the core industry of Kanagawa (developing or established) Prefecture that leads the present and future of the prefecture. The transfer of Nissan’s Global Headquarters to Yokohama and the location of the R&D base of Mercedes-Benz here are part of a growing concentration. Kanagawa Prefecture also promotes for the spread of electronic vehicles (EV) and is a nation’s leading region for the spread of EV. Major companies in the cluster are Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Bosch Corporation, Isuzu Motors Limited Major education/research institutes of the industry (Stiftung) Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, RIKEN Yokohama Institute Yokohama Research Promotion Division, Yokohama National University, Keio University, Kanagawa University. Existence of a logistics strategy and /or objectives on cluster (or Not identified regional) level Occurrence of sustainability / green aspects as part of the Not identified logistics cluster or regional strategy / agenda Yokohama port cargo centre Yokohama Port Cargo Centre was opened in August 1996 and has been a symbol of the Port of Yokohama. As a central facility of the Yokohama FAZ, it is one of the largest synthetic logistics centre in Japan with total floor space of 320,000 square metres and Existence of demonstration extending 634 metres in length. It is able to handle the cargo of 4.25 million projects designed to the future of tons annually. It has the latest facilities to meet an increasing variety of logistics and/or logistics activities such as cargo sorting, storage, processing, disposal, sustainability of transport distribution, and shipping. In particular, a system that combines a ramp with driveways leading to each floor allows container trailers up to 45 feet long to reach each floor. The entire facility is designated as a comprehensive bonded area and includes an office building where the information management for logistics is performed. The centre is expected to further strengthen international logistics function as well as to active economy of Yokohama.
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City logistics is a top priority: National pilot programmes for clean urban transport have been encouraged in the form of urban consolidation centers but few examples were accepted for funding. The most famous of these was Motomachi Urban Consolidation Centre in Yokohama. It was designed in 2004 as a structure of cooperative freight transport in the city’s main shopping street. Objectives are reducing CO2 emissions and congestion as well as keeping good atmosphere of streets but no subsidies are given by public authorities just providing parking space on street (a business model has been developed). Around 85% of goods are covered by cooperative freight transport systems.
References
General Information Japan Statistics Bureau; http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/index.htm
Economic Performance Japan Statistics Bureau; http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/index.htm JETRO (Japan External Trade Organisation);http://www.jetro.go.jp/en/invest/incentive_programs/ Climate Change Policy Headquarters of the City of Yokohama http://www.city.yokohama.lg.jp/ex/mayor/interview/pressroom/newsrelease/h21/newsrelease100114-e.pdf
Logistics specific economic performance Climate Change Policy Headquarters of the City of Yokohama http://www.city.yokohama.lg.jp/ex/mayor/interview/pressroom/newsrelease/h21/newsrelease100114-e.pdf Japan International Freight Forwarders Association Inc. ;http://www.jiffa.or.jp/en/
Infrastructure “3 Windows on Japan”, http://www.jetro.go.jp/en/invest/whyjapan/pdf/3_windows20120911_en.pdf
Institutions, Policies & Strategies Preventionweb, http://preventionweb.net/go/8241
Science & Education Investing in Yokohama (Economic Affairs Bureau); http://www.city.yokohama.lg.jp/keizai/yuchi/sinsyutu- e/industries.html JETRO (Japan External Trade Organisation); http://www.jetro.go.jp/en/invest/whyjapan/
Cluster performance Investing in Yokohama (Economic Affairs Bureau); http://www.city.yokohama.lg.jp/keizai/yuchi/sinsyutu- e/industries.html MILT, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Japan; http://www.mlit.go.jp/english/white- paper/mlit03/p2c6.pdf UNESCAP Publication: “Cases of the Leading Ports in Developing Logistics Centers”http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/Publications/TFS_pubs/pub_2194/pub_2194_ch4.pdf
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R e v i e w m a t r i x
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Anchorage Atlanta Boston Busan Dallas Haw aii Hongkong Los Angeles Mumbai New York Shanghai Singapore Tampa Vancouver Yokohama Pillar Parameter (USA) (USA) (USA) (KR) (USA) (USA) (CN) (USA) (IND) (USA) (CN) (SG) (USA) (CAN) (J)
General Information Population 380.821 5.286.728 4.552.402 3.615.000 6.426.214 953.207 7.153.519 12.828.837 18.410.000 19.567.410 23.020.000 5.184.000 2.783.243 603.502 3.700.000 Economic performance GDP (per capita) in US Dollar 69.082 51.472 68.906 10.236 57.692 50.774 28.616 56.183 10.595 63.835 13.650 61.046 40.397 34.718 35.000
Employment rate, unemployment rate 94,6 / 5,4% 91,8% / 8,2% 93,6%/6,4 % 57,8% / 3,5% 93,7% / 6,3% 95,4% / 4,6% 60.8% / 3.3% 95,4% / 9,3% 34.5% / 1.4% 91,6% / 8,4% N/A / 4,5% 66.6% / 2.1% 92,6% / 7,4% 93,6% / 6.4% N/A / 5%
Existence of funding and financing instruments to support a a a a a r a a a a a a a N/A a SM Es
Existence of comprehensive support networks for start-ups a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Logistics specific 410 3.203 3.282 N/A 3.538 487 14.154 7.692 N/A 13.454 730.000 9.102 1.408 767 420 economic performance Number of companies in the logistics sector
Share of employees working in logistics 6,9% 5,8% 3,0% N/A 5,0% 5,5% 5,7% 3,4% 5,8% 4,1% N/A 10,9% 2,2% 5,7% N/A
Alaska: IT: 0,24 % Trade : 14.1% Trade: 15% M anuf: 16,78% M anuf. : 20.3% M anuf.: 6,6% M anuf.: 10% N/A About 12% Trade: 22% M anuf.: 9,5% M anuf.: 4,4% M anuf.: 9,3% N/A N/A N/A N/A M anuf.: 8% Retail: 22,78% Share of employees working in corresponding key industries Oil, Gas, M ining : (trade, manufacturing industries, ICT) 12.3%
Existence of surrounding markets to implement innovative logistics solutions (e.g. urban or metropolitan areas to (a) a a a a N/A N/A a a a a a a a a implement security systems for urban supply) Infrastructre Southern New York Japan: Alaska: Georgia: Massachusets: Texas: Hong Kong: Shanghai: Singapore: Florida: British Columbia: 1.102 California: Planning Area: 39.615 5.600 21.200 31.300 79.530 1.300 1.200 7508 2.027 12.066 44.810 Length of roads, N/A - 8.906 655 12.458 railways and 932 4.700 1.000 10.384 110 - 287 982 2.796 310 (Gr. Vanc.) - - - - waterways in miles - 137 - 423 80 - 1383 N/A 1.488 N/A - -
Number of freight handling facilities (hubs) to enable 2 26 6 7 8 16 2 6 N/A 31 5 12 10 2 3 multimodal transport; number of freight airports, ports
Existence of adequate ICT infrastructure (e.g. broadband (a) a a a a a (a) a N/A a a a a a a access)
Institutions, Policies & Existence of national or regional administrative institutions / a a a a a a a a a a a a a a (a) Strategies departments dedicated to deal with logistics
Number of technology transfer centres / incubators 2 25 4 1 1 6 4 30 2 15 42 15 15 6 8 Existence of innovation policies (funding instruments, a a a a a a a a a a a a a a innovation strategies) N/A
Existence of cluster policies on regional or national level a a a a a a N/A a a r a a a a a Existence of sustainability policies (e.g. sustainability and mobility strategies, energy and waste management a a a a (a) a a a a a a a a a a strategies) Science & Number of (applied) universities and research institutes Educatio n 3 17 10 8 18 1 6 5 8 5 4 6 15 6 37 dealing with logistical issues
Number of research entities dealing with sustainability 1 4 4 5 2 1 3 4 15 2 8 2 10 2 2 aspects within logistics Existence of a Strategic Research Agenda dedicated to r r r r r r r r r r (sustainable) logistics N/A N/A N/A (a) (a) Existence of interdisciplinary logistics research (e.g. existence of interdisciplinary centres) a a a a a N/A N/A a a a a a a a a
Existence of logistics specific vocational training a a a a N/A N/A a a a N/A a a a a a (occupational and extra-occupational)
Cluster performance Existence of a logistics cluster representing the triple helix (a) a N/A a a (a) N/A (a) (a) r a a a r (a) (developing or established) Existence of a logistics strategy and /or objectives on cluster r (or regional) level N/A (a) N/A a a (a) a (a) (a) (a) a (a) (a) N/A Occurrence of sustainability / green aspects as part of the r a a a (a) (a) (a) r (a) (a) (a) (a) logistics cluster or regional strategy / agenda N/A N/A N/A
Existence of demonstration projects designed to the future a a a a N/A r N/A a a a N/A a a (a) a of logistics and/or sustainability of transport Table 1: Benchmarking Matrix
The Benchmarking Matrix gives an overview on all parameters analysed in the Review. Please note that there may be differences in reference years or reference regions within one parameter.
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C o n c l u s i o n
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C o n c l u s i o n
As shown in the analysis, all of the described regions in this Review are major logistics hubs playing important roles in our globalised world. The reason for that varies: the majority of the regions have natural location factors like the seaside that makes them attractive for handling cargo. Others are located at major (historic) junctions of railways or highways. Nevertheless, a beneficial location is not the only reason for becoming a logistics hub. A lot of logistics clusters form around manufacturing sides to assemble and customize products for retail. Vice versa, logistics clusters attract manufacturing operations. Another reason is the proximity to urbanised areas. Most of the described logistics clusters are located closed to major consumer markets. These locations are often most suitable for handling even more cargo in order to profit from operational flexibility and distribution efficiencies [4].
Logistics clusters do have great benefits for the economy of the region: With higher freight volumes, larger conveyances, higher frequencies and more direct operations can be offered. This creates not only even more business, but because it attracts additional services around the core business of transportation (e.g. packaging, repair, IT-Services) it creates a positive feedback loop. Thus, logistics is a dynamic job creator, not only for middle-class managers and blue-collar workers, but for white-collar ones, too [5].
However, the approach the Log4Green consortium follows is, that logistics clusters need to be more than just logistics hubs to lead the way for future, sustainable logistics. There need to be an intense cooperation between all three stakeholder groups – industry, government and science and research. The government is needed not only to invest in infrastructure, but also to facilitate good conditions for trade and growth potentials (especially greenfield development). Moreover, governments are increasingly becoming key players for directing the way towards sustainability – they are the ones to set regulatory frameworks. In addition, they have (to some extend) the possibility to assist in creating a cooperative and innovative business environment.
Science and research plays the crucial role in our project since we are convinced that through distinguished (interdisciplinary) logistics research, logistics and supply chain processes can be managed in a much more effective and sustainable way than they are
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today. Thus, an ideal logistics cluster would consist of a strong stakeholder group from all three sides in order to tap the full potential.
As shown in this review, the assumption that there is an “ideal logistics cluster”, representing engaged stakeholders from all three parties and leading the way for sustainable logistics at the same time, is not true yet. However, the review does show that there are a couple of regions that are taking efforts to get there. There are a lot of strategies, plans, measures and projects that are on the right track.
More and more stakeholders in logistics clusters are aware of their role within the global supply chain. They are aiming at being well prepared for the future mostly by extending their logistics hubs. At the same time, more and more regions think about sustainability. Their vision is to create good economic conditions in order to provide jobs and concurrently to create livable conditions to be a region people like to live in. The link between these two developments and efforts is recognized only partly. Most of the sustainability plans strongly focus on mobility and public transport. Logistics is, if at all, a side aspect. Research could help connecting these two developments since they are often partners in designing such plans and strategies. Research areas like “urban systems” already exercise this connection.
In the second half of the Log4Green project, two of the described logistics clusters will be analysed in more detail. In order to do so, there will be study tours to each of these clusters, too. The aim is, to get deeper insight in the strategies defined and the actions taken so far, as well as to initiate an interconnection of research-driven cluster activities.
It was not easy to preference two regions since most of them have their individual advantages and challenging aspects. Especially the Asian regions are highly interesting because of significant growth rates and high-flying plans and actions. More than one U.S. American cluster caught our interest since the regions take ambitious sustainability efforts.
Metro Los Angeles will be the U.S. American logistics cluster which will be analysed in more detail. The reason for this choice is that Los Angeles is not only one of the largest logistics clusters in the world and has is surrounded by a big (and innovation friendly) consumer market, but it is known for its innovative business climate and high quality research institutes dedicated to logistics and supply chain management. Moreover, the State of
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California is taking high efforts towards sustainable living and economy. Last but not least, there are a couple of very interesting demonstration projects designed to the future of logistics.
In Asia, the consortium decided to deeper analyse Singapore. Even if there are other very interesting examples in emerging countries, the Singapore example meets the requirements of a “cutting edge research-driven cluster” best. Singapore is one of Asia’s most important logistics hubs, aiming at improving their performance steadily. Since many years, these efforts also direct into the way of sustainability. Singapore actively manages to turn the challenges of urban development into rewarding economic opportunities. But not only excellent demonstration projects like the “Living Laboratories”, also cutting-edge research and a very active governmental stakeholder group makes Singapore the most challenging benchmark for the Log4Green consortium in Asia.
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R e f e r e n c e s
[1] World Economic Forum: Outlook on the Logistics & Supply Chain Industry 2012. Global Agenda Council on Logistics & Supply Chains 2011-2012, Geneva, June 2012, S.13 [2] Log4Green Project: Strategic Interdisciplinary Research Agenda, Klagenfurt, May 2013
[3] Log4Green Project: Benchmarking Parameters, Klagenfurt, October 2012
[4] Yossi Sheffi: Logistics Clusters: Delivering Value and Driving Growth. Cambridge. 2012
[5] ibid.