Deliverable 3.2 Review on Research Agendas in International Context
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Transport Clusters Development and Implementation Measures of a Six - Region Strategic Joint Action Plan for Knowledge - based Regional Innovation Deliverable 3.2 Review on Research Agendas in International Context Grant agreement n°: 287091 THEME [REGIONS - 2011- 1] Economic sustainable development by boosting the competitiveness of transport - related economy Public Deliverable 0 3 Jul y 201 Review on logistics clusters P a g e | 2 A u t h o r s Dagmar Grote Westrick (ECM); Emine Bayburt, Ulas Akin (BIMTAS); Evren Bingol (UND); Tom Hanke (UDE); Anna Kalmykova (EUA); Oliver Nack (EUA); Nicolas Orvain (Nov@Log); Emilie Parthoens (Logistics in Wallonia); Michael Plasch (FH Steyer Logistikum); Udo Tarmann (EAK) Review on logistics c l u s t e r s P a g e | 3 Table of content Table of content Version Management .......................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 4 Elaboration of the Review – Methodology ......................................................................................... 6 Review on 15 logistics clusters in North America and Asia .............................................................. 9 Anchorage, USA ................................................................................................................................. 10 Metro Atlanta, USA ........................................................................................................................... 22 Metro Boston, USA ............................................................................................................................ 37 Metro Busan, South Korea ................................................................................................................ 48 Metro Dallas–Fort Worth, USA ......................................................................................................... 60 Hawaii, USA ....................................................................................................................................... 70 Hong Kong, People's Republic of China ............................................................................................. 76 Metro Los Angeles, USA .................................................................................................................... 83 Mumbai, India ................................................................................................................................... 98 Metro New York – New Jersey, USA................................................................................................ 113 Shanghai, People's Republic of China .............................................................................................. 126 Singapore, Republic of Singapore.................................................................................................... 142 Metro Tampa, USA .......................................................................................................................... 155 Vancouver, Canada .......................................................................................................................... 173 Yokohama – Kanagawa, Japan ........................................................................................................ 186 Review matrix ............................................................................................................................. 194 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 196 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 197 References ....................................................................................................................................... 200 Table of figures Table 1: Benchmarking Matrix ..................................................................................................... 195 Review on logistics clusters P a g e | 4 Introduction Introduction An essential part of the Log4Green project is the integrated benchmarking process aiming at optimising European transport logistics clusters competitiveness for sustainable logistics – in a global context. This Review on Research Agendas in an international context is the basic work for the in-depth benchmarking process following in the second half of the project. The Review gives an overview on 15 different research-driven logistics clusters & regions in North America and in Asia. The aim of this Review is to compare the Log4Green SIRA (Strategic Integrated Research Agenda) with the innovation systems and research agendas of other world class logistics clusters. Looking at the logistics world of today, more and more logistics clusters can be recognised. In contrast to industrial clusters, logistics clusters essentially provide a service instead of a physical product. The advantages of logistics clusters go beyond the known ones of industry clusters, like knowledge transfer, availability of labour, explicit business collaboration or resources for new company formation. In the ”Outlook on the Logistics & Supply Chain Industry 2012”, Yossi Sheffi points out, that there are further advantages of logistics clusters, including: . “Economies of scope – the presence of many shippers provide opportunities for balanced movements in and out of the cluster, avoiding equipment idle time and empty repositioning moves. Economies of scale – more logistics activities in the cluster create higher freight volumes, allowing carriers to use larger conveyances and enjoy higher utilization, leading to lower costs. Economies of density – as the number of companies in the cluster grows, pickup and delivery operations are more efficient. Better service – as the freight volume grows, the frequency of transportation services in and out of a logistics cluster increases. Price stability – often referred to as “liquidity”, this is the result of many shippers in the same geography and served by many transportation carriers minimizing situations of short-term mismatch between demand and the availability of equipment.” [1] At the same time, as pointed out in the Log4Green SIRA, logistics will play a key role in facing future challenge of sustainable development [2]: Logistics provides a pool of expertise to sustain different operation systems, most of them for the commercial background of planning, managing and controlling dynamic flows of goods, people, information, energy and financial resources on a basis of infrastructural solutions ((integrated) IT-, transport systems, warehouses, production plants etc.). Today, sustainable logistics in most of the cases is Review on logistics clusters P a g e | 5 Introduction discussed as the minimisation of ecological impacts (“greening”) or the technological innovation of transport means and infrastructure. However, the Log4Green project consortium believes that logistics is able to contribute beyond that. As logistics is dedicated to solve the growing complexity of business every day, it has the potential to provide solutions in terms of “sustainable logistics” that address the complexity of challenges like urbanisation, individualisation of customer requirements or renewable energy sources. Logistics clusters are ideal breeding grounds for these solutions. Combining knowledge, interests and chances of all stakeholders, industry, government and research, logistics clusters act as blueprints for future logistics. The aim of this review is to give a first overview on how different logistics clusters perform in this sense and how their agendas for the future look like. Review on logistics clusters P a g e | 6 Introduction Elaboration of the Review – Methodology The elaboration of the Review started with the selection of the benchmarking regions. It followed a multilevel, inductive approach including desktop research and interviews of ten representatives of the three stakeholder groups (cutting-edge researchers, innovative companies, political forerunners) all having distinguished knowledge and a broad overview on global logistics. As a third component, internal workshops within the consortium have been conducted to use the existing knowledge from all partners. In doing so, a number of about 25 logistics regions have been gathered in the process but reduced to a number of 15 to be further analysed in this Review. For the analyses, the benchmarking parameters which have been defined in an early stage of the project have been applied [3]. Looking on innovation systems and on topics within the Log4Green SIRA, the benchmarking has a strong focus on parameters in the frame of “Institutions, Policies & Strategies”, “Science & Education” and “Cluster performance”. However, to display a holistic view of the region, some “hard parameters” have been defined to assure the consideration of special regional conditions on a minimal scale (like infrastructure, economic and logistics performance). The parameters, clustered in seven pillars, structures the review of the international logistics clusters as follows: General Information - Geographical / administrative classification - Population Economic performance - GDP (per capita) - Employment rate, unemployment rate - Existence of funding and financing instruments to support