Transportation Situation and Traffic Air Pollution Status in Shanghai
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AEI-SAES-Re. G-0309-07094/00138.07 NO: 2005-003 Transportation Situation and Traffic Air Pollution Status in Shanghai Vehicle Emissions Control and Health Benefits; Technical and Policy Barriers to Sustainable Transport (Part One Report, Draft) Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences Shanghai, P.R. China January 27, 2005 Transportation Situation and Traffic Air Pollution Status in Shanghai Vehicle Emissions Control and Health Benefits; Technical and Policy Barriers to Sustainable Transport (Part One Report, Draft) Funded By: U.S. Energy Foundation, EMARQ Report Period: February 1, 2004 to January 21, 2005 Grant Number: G-0309-07094 Team Leaders: Changhong CHEN Professor/Deputy Chief Engineer Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences (SAES) Bingheng CHEN Professor School of Public Health (SOPH) Fudan University Qingyan FU Senior Engineer Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center (SEMC) Team Members: Qiguo JING, Assistant Engineer, SAES Haidong KAN Ph.D., SOPH, Fudan University Lily Assistant Engineer, SAES Hansheng PAN Assistant Engineer, SAES Guohai CHEN Senior Engineer, SEMC Haiying HUANG Assistant Engineer, SAES Bingyan WANG Assistant Engineer, SAES Minghhua CHEN Senior Engineer, SAES Jibing QIU Engineer, SAES Cheng HUANG Masters Student, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUS&T) Yi DAI Masters Student, ECUS&T Haikun WANG Masters Student, ECUS&T Jing ZHAO Masters Student, ECUS&T Transportation Situation and Traffic Air Pollution Status in Shanghai Vehicle Emissions Control and Health Benefits; Technical and Policy Barriers to Sustainable Transport (Part One Report, Draft) Authors Changhong CHEN, Jiguo JING, Lyli, Cheng HUANG, Hansheng PAN, Haikun WANG, Yi DAI, Haiying HUANG, Jing ZHAO Co-Authors Guohai CHEN, Bingyan WANG, Hua QIAN, Haixia DAI, Hongyi LIN, Shaojun WANG Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences Shanghai, P.R. China January 27, 2005 Contacts This report was prepared by the Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences. Questions and comments about this report, including inquires regarding specific information, may be directed as follows: Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences Add: 508 Qiznhou Road Shanghai 200233, P. R. China Tel: +86-21-6408 5119 Fax: +86-21-6484 7827 To Changhong CHEN Tel: +86-21-6408 5119, Ext. 2506 Fax: +86-21-6484 7827 Email: [email protected] CONTENTS Executive Summary................................................................................................. 0-1 1. Background ....................................................................................................................... 0-1 2. Purpose.............................................................................................................................. 0-1 3. Process .............................................................................................................................. 0-2 4. Main Results ..................................................................................................................... 0-3 5. Composition of the Report................................................................................................ 0-6 6. Work Plan for Next Phase ................................................................................................. 0-6 Chapter 1. Social Economics and Transportation Environment in Shanghai ... 1-1 1. Shanghai Administrative Region....................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Central business district .......................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Central commercial region...................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Region inside the inner ring road ............................................................................ 1-2 1.4 Region between the inner and outer ring roads....................................................... 1-2 1.5 Region outside the outer ring road .......................................................................... 1-2 2. Population density and distribution................................................................................... 1-2 3. Development of Shanghai’s economy............................................................................... 1-4 4. Labor force and employment positions............................................................................. 1-5 5. Income of urban residents ................................................................................................. 1-6 6. Consumptive expenditures of urban residents .................................................................. 1-6 Chapter 2. Urban Traffic Environmental Status .................................................. 2-1 1. Economic development and transportation................................................................... 2-1 1.1 Economic development and passenger volume....................................................... 2-2 1.2 Economic development and freight volume............................................................ 2-2 2. Urban roadway transport conditions ............................................................................. 2-3 2.1 Road construction.................................................................................................... 2-3 2.2 Roadway network.................................................................................................... 2-4 2.3 Roadway indicies .................................................................................................... 2-4 2.4 Road length of urban public transit......................................................................... 2-6 3. Vehicle population and composition ................................................................................. 2-6 4. Passenger traffic modal split and transportation capacity ................................................. 2-8 4.1 Public transportation ............................................................................................... 2-9 4.2 Taxis...................................................................................................................... 2-10 4.3 Railway transportation .......................................................................................... 2-10 I 4.4 Private transportation .............................................................................................2-11 4.5 Official vehicles .....................................................................................................2-11 4.6 Bicycles..................................................................................................................2-11 5. Traffic saturation situation ...............................................................................................2-11 6. Traffic safety ................................................................................................................... 2-14 7. Parking lots ..................................................................................................................... 2-15 8. Conclusions..................................................................................................................... 2-17 Chapter 3. Vehicle Driving Cycles and Technology Survey................................. 3-1 1. Introduction....................................................................................................................... 3-1 2. Roads selected for investigation........................................................................................ 3-2 3. Investigation methods ....................................................................................................... 3-2 3.1 Investigation of driving cycles................................................................................ 3-2 3.2 Vehicle technology survey ...................................................................................... 3-4 3.3 Traffic flow video.................................................................................................... 3-4 3.4 Vehicle start-up survey............................................................................................ 3-5 4. Equipment used for the survey and testing ....................................................................... 3-5 5. Results............................................................................................................................... 3-6 5.1 Speed-acceleration distributions for each vehicle type. .......................................... 3-6 5.2 Time-speed and driving pattern distributions on various roads............................. 3-10 5.3 Vehicle ages in Shanghai....................................................................................... 3-19 5.4 Vehicle technology characteristics in Shanghai .................................................... 3-21 5.5 VSP Bins distributions of vehicles........................................................................ 3-24 5.5 Vehicle stagnation time ......................................................................................... 3-29 6. Summary ......................................................................................................................... 3-29 Chapter 4．Vehicle Emission Factors Measurement ........................................... 4-1 1. Introduction........................................................................................................................4-1 2. Testing