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Review Paper a Review on the Studies of Zooplankton in the Lotic Water of India Vaishno Devi Karra, Jyoti Sharma*, Anamika Malav

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Review Paper a Review on the Studies of Zooplankton in the Lotic Water of India Vaishno Devi Karra, Jyoti Sharma*, Anamika Malav International Journal of Global Science Research ISSN: 2348-8344 (Online) Vol. 5, Issue. 1, April 2018, pp. 628-634 DOI: 10.26540/ijgsr.v5.i1.2018.87 Available Online at www.ijgsr.com © Copyright 2014 | ijgsr.com | All Rights Reserved Review Paper A Review on the studies of Zooplankton in the lotic water of India Vaishno Devi Karra, Jyoti Sharma*, Anamika Malav, and Prahlad Dube** Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, CPU University, Kota, Rajasthan, India * Department of Zoology, Government College, Kota, Rajasthan, India ** Corresponding author Email: [email protected] Received: 28/07/2017 Revised: 06/08/2017 Accepted: 20/08/2017 Abstract: Zooplanktons are microscopic Planktons are diverse group of organism that free floating animals which play a vital role live in the water column of large bodies of in aquatic ecosystem zooplanktons are water that cannot swim against a current. highly sensitive to environment variation, as The plankton study is very useful tool for a result change in abudance species diversity the assessment of biotic potential and or community composition can provide contributes to overall estimation of biotic important indication of environmental nature and general economic potential of health.in the present paper an extensive water bodies. review of the literature available on Zooplankton: Zooplankton plays an zooplanktons in lotic water of India have important role in aquatic ecosystem. They been made which is a long felt necessity in link the primary producers, phytoplankton this field. with higher larger trophic level organisms. Keywords: Zooplankton, lotic water, Zooplankton communities respond to a wide environment . variety of disturbances including nutrient loading and also play a key role in the INTRODUCTION aquatic food chain. The zooplankton plays Lotic refers to flowing water that includes an integral role and serves as bioindicator river, spring, streams etc. In lotic water flow and it is a well suited tool for understanding is unidirectional and there is a state of water pollution status. So this paper deals continuous physical change and the biota is with the studies of zooplankton in lotic specialized to live with flow condition. water of India. Rivers are important system of biodiversity Odum (1971) discussed zooplankton is also and are among the most productive sensitive to their environment and a change ecosystems on the earth because of the in zooplanktons concentration can indicate a favourable conditions that supports number suitable environmental change. The of flora and fauna. diversity of species, amount of biomass and Under auspices of Environment & Social Welfare Society, India Page 628 International Journal of Global Science Research ISSN: 2348-8344 (Online) Vol. 5, Issue. 1, April 2018, pp. 628-634 DOI: 10.26540/ijgsr.v5.i1.2018.87 Available Online at www.ijgsr.com © Copyright 2014 | ijgsr.com | All Rights Reserved abundance of zooplanktons communities can Kobayash et. al., (1998) reported the be used to determine the health of an zooplankton density was negatively ecosystem. correlated with turbidity, conductivity, Saldeek (1983) reported that among temperature and amount of phosphorus zooplanktons Crustaceans, Cladocerans and present. Copepods can be used as indicators of In recent studies, biodiversity of aquatic environment. zooplankton of nine different water bodies Allan and Dall (1991) reported zooplankton of South Rajasthan is studied by Sharma et to be rich in essential amino acid and fatty al., (2002) total 144 zooplanktonic forms acids docosahexacnoic acid and were reported belonging to 3 phyla, 27 elcosaptaenoic acid. Guy (1992) studied families, 64 genera and 105 species. ecology of the fish pond ecosystem with Protozoa, Rotifera, Copepoda, Cladocera special reference to Africa. He discussed and ostracoda were represented by 13, 39, zooplanktons provides fish with nutrients 22 and 6 forms respectively. Biodiversity in since fish require proteins, fats, the zooplankton has been calculated in the carobohydrates, mineral salts and water in Menhinick’s index and values have been the right proportion. Zooplanktons study is discussed in relation to physico-chemical of necessity in fisheries, aquaculture and characteristics and primary productivity. paleolimnological research. Bisht (1993) Dutta et al.,(2004) investigated fresh water Reported maximum zooplanktons diversity diversity of Jammu and collected 51 species in the month of September and minimum in of zooplanktons belonging to 35 species of the month of January. Dobriyan et al., Protozoa, 8 species and 2 larvae of (1993) observed that the highest planktonic Crustaceae, 5 species of Rotifera, 1 species diversity was in the winter months when the of Porifera, 1 species of Platyhelminthes and water temperature is low, water current is 1 species of Annelida. Zafar and Sultana., low and the water is clear without turbidity. (2005) studied the river Ganga at Kanpur Rosenberg and Resh (1993) discussed bio reported the zooplanktons and monitoring is the systematic use of living macroinvertebrate diversity and observed organisms or their responses to determine that the quality of the water was responsible the quality of the environment. Brett et al for quantitative and qualitative variations in (1994) investigated fresh water diversity of zooplanktons. Mathivanan et al., (2007) California and observed the species studied plankton of River Cauvery water dependent effect of zoopanktons on the (Tamil Nadu) The qualitative and phytoplanktonic ecosystem and concluded quantitative evaluation of the variation in that the presence of predaceous cladocerans river water showed high quantity of and copepods have a direct effect on the zooplankton population throughout the study presence of a several algae species, period and rotifers formed dominated group dissolved nutrients and the ciliate over other groups organism. This study microzooplanktons. Bonner et al (1997) revealed that the water of River Cauvery is stated that most of the zooplanktons prefer highly polluted by direct contamination of either the steady or the low water current sewage and other industrial effluents.. Uttah habitat. During monsoon season very less et. al,. (2008) studied Biosurvey of zooplanktons were observed because of high planktons as indicators of water quality in turbidity and fast water current. River Calabar, Nigeria. They reported zooplanktons belonging to Copepods, Under auspices of Environment & Social Welfare Society, India Page 629 International Journal of Global Science Research ISSN: 2348-8344 (Online) Vol. 5, Issue. 1, April 2018, pp. 628-634 DOI: 10.26540/ijgsr.v5.i1.2018.87 Available Online at www.ijgsr.com © Copyright 2014 | ijgsr.com | All Rights Reserved Protozoa, Polychaetalarvae, Cyclopodia, this study the most pollution tolerant species Cladocera, Arthrotoda, Ostracoda, Rotifera, of Oscillatoria, Euglena and Navicula were Malacostraca and Foraminiferada. The recorded. Rotifers of genus Brachionus and Copepods were the most abundant group. keratella are abundant in water of the Vanjare, et al., (2010) studied zooplankton reservoir. Their occurrence in eutrophic from a river Mula, Pune, Maharashtra. water is well documental. Tidame and Rotifera and Cladocera are free living Shinde (2012) studied the zooplankton zooplankton elements known to dominate diversity of Nasik District. Different freshwater habitats. 18 Rotifers and 10 Zooplanktons were noticed during the study Cladocerans were recorded during this period, amongst them rotifers are more study. This study showed an attempt to dominant. Total 17 genera were recorded monitor a polluted habitat for zooplankton. from rotifers and genus Brachionus in Khanna et al., (2012) studied the analysis of abundant and more common to both the water samples for plankton diversity of river ponds. In Amrutkund 21 species of rotifers Ganga, In this study of river Ganga, among were recorded belonging to 15 genera while the zooplankton, Protozoa, Rotifera, in pond Ramkund 23 species to 14 genera. Cladocera, Copepoda, Ostracods constitute The maximum diversity of rotifers was the main component. Jos et al., (2012) observed in the monsoon season in both studied seasonal fluctuations in diversity of Amritkund and Ramkund Pond. Dubey et. Zooplanktons of Achencovil River, Kerala. al., (2012) Limnological studies on khop This study showed zooplankton community niwari tank with special reference to comprised of 28 species belonging to phytoplanktons. Cladocera 11species, Copepoda 9 species Kohle et al., (2013) studied qualitative and and Rotifera 8 species.This study also quantitative evaluation of the variation in revealed that different groups of Godavari River Nasik district. Rotifers zooplankton have their own peak periods of formed dominated group over other group of density, which is affected by local organism. This study revealed that the water environmental conditions Sharma et al., of river Godavari is contaminated of sewage (2012) studied fresh water Cladocera of and other industrial effluents. Komala et al., South Rajasthan, India. This study shows (2013) studied plankton diversity and cladocera are an important component of the abundance of Arkavathi River before and crustacean zooplankton. Zooplankton after pollution. Plankton diversity and samples from 77 different water bodies of abundance varied during different seasons, South Rajasthan were analyzed to both at non-polluted and polluted sites. A investigate the cladocera inhabiting these total of 27 species of Zooplanktons
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