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MINISTRY OF DEFENCE OF

Russia’s occupation of Territorial complaints of against Ukraine 2013-2014 Ukrainian crisis, RF special operation of annexation and occupation of Crimea 2007-2009 Increase of tension around Crimea, • Seizure of power in Crimea (23-27.02.2014) Russian-Georgian conflict • Holding of pseudo-referendum (16.03.2014) • Declaration of Crimean independence (17.03.2014) • Engagement of the Black Sea Fleet of RF • Russian annexation of Crimea (18.03.2014) from the territory of Ukraine in military 1992-1994 aggression against Georgia Creation of pro-Russian forces in Crimea, attempts to annex the Peninsula from Ukraine

• Adoption of “Constitution of of Crimea” (06/05/1992) • Recognition by Supreme Soviet of Russia the illegality of decision made by Presidium of the SS of RSFSR on February 5, 1954 that provides the 2002-2006 transfer of Crimea to USSR (21.05.1992) Activity increase of pro-Russian forces in Crimea, exacerbation of relations between Russia and Ukraine • Election of representatives of pro-Russian organizations “Russian Community of Crimea” and 2010-2012 Russian Block Party to the Verkhovna Rada of Subsequent decrease of tension Crimea around Crimea 1995-2001 • Conclusion of Kharkiv Agreements Decrease of tension after division of the Black between Russia and Ukraine Sea Fleet of USSR (01.04.2010)

• Conclusion of basic agreements about Black Sea Fleet (28.05.1997) • Conclusion of Russian-Ukrainian Friendship Treaty (31.05.1997) 2 Russia’s position to Ukrainian NATO membership

“Ukraine is not even a state. Part of its territories is Eastern Europe, but the greater part is a gift from us…if Ukraine joins NATO, without Crimea and East it will break into separate territories.” V. Putin, April, 2008

Regulation of the State Duma of the Russian Federation “About appeal of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation to the president and Russian government”: “… activate advocacy of Russian fellow-citizens in Ukraine, first of all in relation to , religion, culture and education, and also treat an issue about Russia’s withdrawal from “Treaty on Friendship, Cooperation and Partnership between Ukraine and Russian Federation”. June 4, 2008 3 Russia’s military aggression against Georgia

4 Russia’s attempts to destabilize situation in Ukraine in 2004

RF measures to get the Eastern South of Ukraine under control: November 26, 2004 – Luhansk Regional Council voted for creation of Southern and Eastern Republic (Mayor of Moscow Luzhkov was in charge of this process); November 28, 2004 – holding of convention with deputies of all levels from 17 regions of Ukraine in Severodonetsk, where they: • discussed issues concerning the creation of Southern and Eastern Federal State with Kharkiv as its capital; • sent a report to the RF president V.Putin with a request for help to the Southern and Eastern regions of Ukraine; comprehensive assisstane of pro-Russian parties – Communist Party of Ukraine, People’s Opposition Bloc of Natalia Vitrenko, neo-Nazi party “Russian National Unity”, military and patriotic club “Victory school” .

5 Moscow integrated preparations for the annexation of Crimea in 2013

“Soft power” Concept Hard power expansion of the anti-Ukrainian parties’ network, re-equipping and modernization of Russian forces in the AR of Crimea after signing the “Kharkiv agreements” in 2010 movements and organizations

6 Phases of occupation and annexation of Crimea

І phase Use of special operation forces February 20-28, 2014

Main actions: • taking decision on the use of military force for the annexation of Crimea;

• beginning of secret transfer of the RF military units from Russian territory into Crimea by sea;

• seizure of Verkhovna Rada and government headquarters in Crimea;

• taking under control regional air traffic control center

in Crimea. 7 Phases of occupation and annexation of Crimea

ІІ phase Setting the troops in Crimea in high level of alert March 1-10, 2014

Main actions:

• setting BSF troops to immediate combat employment;

• carrying out multidimensional intelligence operation aimed on state of combat preparedness of Ukrainian AF and NATO alert forces;

• blocking of land border to Crimea, deployment of company strong points in the area of Perekop, and Chongar.

8 Phases of occupation and annexation of Crimea

ІІІ phase Completing the creation of joint forces and disarmament of units of Ukrainian Armed Forces March 10-18, 2014

Main actions:

• deployment of joint command post in the Hvardiiske airbase and forward command post in the area of Dzankoy;

• concentration of additional forces (about 7,000) of Russian airborne troops and special forces in Crimea;

• strengthening BSF capabilities in order to carry out amphibious landing operations.

9 Role of Russian Black Sea Fleet in annexation of Crimea

Blocking of land border

Dzhankoy Blocking of Ukrainian military units

Movement of troops in Crimea Novorossiysk Feodosiya

NB Hvardiyske Yevpatoriya

Simferopol

Kacha BSF

810th Sep Mar Bde

NB Transfer of troops

Sevastopol During February 22 - March 6, 2014 about 6300 personnel

Blocking of Ukrainian Navy on BSF ships were moved from Russia to Crimea ships 10 Russian government violated a range of norms of international legal documents during its annexation of Crimea and Sevastopol

• Charter of the United Nations (October 24, 1945) “All UN Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat of use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state…”

• Helsinki Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (1975) “…include obligation to respect sovereignty, refrain from the use of force and assaulting the frontiers of participating States and all States in Europe…” • Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances (December 5, 1994)

• Constitutions of Ukraine (June 28, 1996) and Republic of Crimea (October 21, 1998) “…the issue of territorial changes can be solved exceptionally through the holding of the all-Ukrainian referendum…” • Treaty on Friendship, Cooperation, and Partnership between Ukraine and the Russian Federation (1997) • Bilateral agreements that regulate the presence of the Black Sea Fleet of RF on the Ukrainian territory (1997 and 2010) • Resolutions of the European Council №1990 and №2034 (2014) RUSSIAN MILITARY POWER IN CRIMEA

At the moment of Before the Russian Russian plans for After the annexation separation of the USSR annexation of Crimea 2020-2025 (March 2017) Black Sea fleet (January 2014) (May 1997)

70000 12500 30000 43000

258 – 30 100

742 92 583 1150

229 24 162 400

170 22 111 150

115 37 56 95

6 – 16 50

105 26 24 33

4 2 5 7 RUSSIAN MILITARY POWER IN CRIMEA

Kyiv

Ukraine Donetsk Long-range bomber Тu-22М3

1500 км Moldova Russia Kishinev BSF Odesa дивізіон БРК “Бал”

15 Ind CDM Bde General volley of the “Kalibr” complexes is 48 missiles 120 км Hvardiiske дивізіон БРК “Бастион” дивізіон БРК “Утёс” Romania Sevastopol diesel electric submarine of Georgia Constanta the Project 636.3 with “Kalibr- PL” complex

frigate of the Project 636.3 with “Kalibr-NK” complex Varna 280 км Bulgaria 320 км

Map symbols 420 км damaging range of ground targets from the CMC “Bastion” damaging range of surface targets from the CMC “Bastion” damaging range of targets from the CMC “Utes” damaging range of targets from the CMC “Bal” Ankara Turkey PROVOCATIVE RUSSIAN ACTIVITIES IN THE BLACK SEA

Russia demonstrates capabilities to engage targets on the territory of Ukraine and to block the Black Sea straits

UKRAINE RUSSIA

MOLDOVA

ROMANIA

BSF

Demonstration of blocking Demonstration of engaging NATO naval formation at the NB naval & aerial targets Naval Bases and Bosporus SU-27, SU34, SU-25, Sevastopol TU-95MS, TU-22, TU-160 SU-24, TU-22

Constanta NB

BULGARIA Burgas NB

Bosporus TURKEY STRATEGIC COMMAND-STAFF EXERCISE OF THE ARMED FORCES OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION “KAVKAZ -2016”

“Ashuluk” training area UKRAINE Countering massive missile-aviation strike Taganrog SMD “Prudboi” training area using air defence assets Brigade exercise with 4th А AFs & AD Rostov-on-Don offensive and water CTF obstacle crossing

BSF Kuschevskaya Astrakhan

Primorsko-Akhtarsk Stavropol Kirovske Armavir CF Anapa RUSSIA Sevastopol 49th А

“Opuk” training area

Naval landing and airborne th th 7 M Base 58 А Cruise missile landing with shift to “Molkino” training area launches from offensive Blocking and annihilating Gudauta Vladikavkaz surface ships at illegal armed formations surface targets

th Tskhinvali 4 M Base Cruise missile launches from submarines at 102nd M Base surface targets Giumri

TURKEY

 Russian aggressive actions disrupt the balance of forces in the Black Sea Region creating a threat to military security of the Black Sea countries Socio-economic situation in temporarily occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea

FOREIGN TRADE

(monthly averages) 160 87,1 163,3 120 76,2 80 8,4 Reduction of foreign trade turnover 40 6,6 15 4,5 5,4 9,9 MillionUSD 0 2013 2015 2016

Export Import Trade turnover

Fig. 1 Foreign trade volume INVESTMENT

(monthly averages) 6 5,1 Exhausted possibilities for attraction of 4 2,6 2,5 capital 2 1,8

Billion roubles 0 2013 2014 2015 2016

Fig. 2 Volume of investment in basic capital Violation of fundamental human rights by Russia, institution of total control over the informational area and social processes

The occupation authority created strict living conditions, which lead to:

 Arrests of pro-Ukrainian persons and representatives of Crimean Tatar. Today the Putin’s regime holds as a hostage more than 30 people

In April, 2016 Russia baned the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar people activity  Renewal of the control over the informational area

 Cancellation of educational programs that were lectured in Ukrainian and exclusion of Ukrainian and teachers from schools. In Crimea none of 586 schools teach in Ukrainian

The law-enforcement agencies considerably exceed their authorities while carrying out special activity in Crimea