Measuring the Fragmentation of the Internet: the Case of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) During the Ukrainian Crisis
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The Availability Digest
the Availability Digest www.availabilitydigest.com @availabilitydig Crimea Loses Power for Two Weeks December 2015 Most of the citizens of Crimea were without power from November 21 through December 8, 2015. No, it wasn’t a cyberattack. It was sabotage in response to Russia’s 2014 annexation of Crimea, which had been part of Ukraine. Ukrainian activists blew up the four Ukrainian power feeds that provide most of the electrical energy for Crimea, and the saboteurs then continued to prevent repair teams from restoring power. Crimea Isthmus of Perekop Strait of Kerch Crimea is a major land mass on the northern coast of the Black Sea. It lies south of Ukraine and west of Russia and is very close to both countries. Crimea is connected on its north side to Ukraine by the Isthmus of Perekop, a narrow strip of land. Crimea is only thirteen kilometers from its east side to Russia across the Strait of Kerch. Russian Annexation of Crimea After World War II, Ukraine became part of the Soviet Union. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Ukraine became an independent nation in 1991. Crimea, which is barely connected to Ukraine by land, became part of Ukraine following a public referendum. The Ukrainian Peninsula In March 2014, Vladimir Putin, Russia’s president, reclaimed Crimea as part of Russia. He described the annexation as the correction of a historic injustice and brushed aside international condemnation. In a show of democracy, Russia allowed Crimea to vote in a referendum on whether they wanted to be part of Russia or remain with the Ukraine. -
The Northern Black Sea Region in Classical Antiquity 4
The Northern Black Sea Region by Kerstin Susanne Jobst In historical studies, the Black Sea region is viewed as a separate historical region which has been shaped in particular by vast migration and acculturation processes. Another prominent feature of the region's history is the great diversity of religions and cultures which existed there up to the 20th century. The region is understood as a complex interwoven entity. This article focuses on the northern Black Sea region, which in the present day is primarily inhabited by Slavic people. Most of this region currently belongs to Ukraine, which has been an independent state since 1991. It consists primarily of the former imperial Russian administrative province of Novorossiia (not including Bessarabia, which for a time was administered as part of Novorossiia) and the Crimean Peninsula, including the adjoining areas to the north. The article also discusses how the region, which has been inhabited by Scythians, Sarmatians, Greeks, Romans, Goths, Huns, Khazars, Italians, Tatars, East Slavs and others, fitted into broader geographical and political contexts. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Space of Myths and Legends 3. The Northern Black Sea Region in Classical Antiquity 4. From the Khazar Empire to the Crimean Khanate and the Ottomans 5. Russian Rule: The Region as Novorossiia 6. World War, Revolutions and Soviet Rule 7. From the Second World War until the End of the Soviet Union 8. Summary and Future Perspective 9. Appendix 1. Sources 2. Literature 3. Notes Indices Citation Introduction -
NARRATING the NATIONAL FUTURE: the COSSACKS in UKRAINIAN and RUSSIAN ROMANTIC LITERATURE by ANNA KOVALCHUK a DISSERTATION Prese
NARRATING THE NATIONAL FUTURE: THE COSSACKS IN UKRAINIAN AND RUSSIAN ROMANTIC LITERATURE by ANNA KOVALCHUK A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of Comparative Literature and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2017 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Anna Kovalchuk Title: Narrating the National Future: The Cossacks in Ukrainian and Russian Romantic Literature This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of Comparative Literature by: Katya Hokanson Chairperson Michael Allan Core Member Serhii Plokhii Core Member Jenifer Presto Core Member Julie Hessler Institutional Representative and Scott L. Pratt Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2017 ii © 2017 Anna Kovalchuk iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Anna Kovalchuk Doctor of Philosophy Department of Comparative Literature June 2017 Title: Narrating the National Future: The Cossacks in Ukrainian and Russian Romantic Literature This dissertation investigates nineteenth-century narrative representations of the Cossacks—multi-ethnic warrior communities from the historical borderlands of empire, known for military strength, pillage, and revelry—as contested historical figures in modern identity politics. Rather than projecting today’s political borders into the past and proceeding from the claim that the Cossacks are either Russian or Ukrainian, this comparative project analyzes the nineteenth-century narratives that transform pre- national Cossack history into national patrimony. Following the Romantic era debates about national identity in the Russian empire, during which the Cossacks become part of both Ukrainian and Russian national self-definition, this dissertation focuses on the role of historical narrative in these burgeoning political projects. -
3 COMPLIANCE Ukraine
Remarks by the Ukrainian delegation on compliance with the provisions of the Ottawa Treaty Mr. Chairman, The delegation of Ukraine is strongly concerned about the use of anti- personnel mines by the Russian Armed Forces in several parts of the Ukrainian territory, occupied by the Russian Federation, which could result in suffering and casualties caused to the civil population. As it was previously reported by the delegation of Ukraine during the CCW expert meeting last week, Russian Armed Forces had carried out mining operations on the territory of Autonomous Republic of Crimea, which, we reiterate, remains an integral part of Ukraine, and the neighboring region of Kherson (near the settlement of Chongar and at the Arabat Spit). Respective Russian activities were witnessed between 7-9 March 2014 by the OSCE inspection team which visited Ukraine in accordance with the Article 18 of the Vienna Document and observed preparations for fencing, survey sticks of post holes and mine warning signs. The latest information provided by the Main Directorate for Intelligence of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine confirms the existence of the mine fields set up by the Russian Armed Forces at the entry points between the continental part of Ukraine and Crimean peninsula, namely at the Isthmus of Perekop/Crimea and the settlement of Chongar. The composition of these mine-explosive obstacles: anti-tank mines (TM-62 type) and anti-personnel mines (the identification of their exact type is still hindered by the Russian snipers guarding that territory). The mine- fields are fenced with barbed wire and marked with warning signs – “Mines”. -
The Ukrainian Weekly 2014, No.16
www.ukrweekly.com THEPublished U by theKRAINIAN Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal W non-profit associationEEKLY Vol. LXXXII No. 16 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, APRIL 20, 2014 $1/$2 in Ukraine Shevchenko bicentennial marked at U.N. Putin reveals plans for conquest, against backdrop of Russian aggression as his saboteurs invade Ukraine by Zenon Zawada Ukrainian Foreign Affairs Minister Andrii Deshchytsia, U.S. Secretary of State John KYIV – Russian Federation President Kerry and EU High Representative for Vladimir Putin all but declared war on Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Ukraine this week as the Ukrainian govern- Catherine Ashton. ment and media offered ample evidence As The Weekly was going to press, the that he dispatched armed saboteurs to the complete results of the negotiations had yet Ukrainian mainland starting on April 12. to be revealed. [Preliminary information They worked with pro-Russian Ukrainian released in Geneva indicated that some sort separatists in invading state buildings and of agreement to defuse tensions had been military bases in eastern Ukraine. As of reached and that it involved granting amnes- April 17, 20 government buildings in the ty to members of armed groups who agreed Donetsk, Luhansk and Kharkiv oblasts were to leave the public buildings they had seized, under their control. Mr. Putin denied the as well as disarming “all illegal armed presence of his forces in Ukraine, just as he groups.”] The main Russian demand is fed- had with Crimea a month earlier. eralization of Ukraine, which is unequivo- Yet that didn’t stop him from revealing cally opposed by the interim Ukrainian gov- his plans for Ukraine during an April 17 live ernment that is backed by the West. -
Crimea______9 3.1
CONTENTS Page Page 1. Introduction _____________________________________ 4 6. Transport complex ______________________________ 35 1.1. Brief description of the region ______________________ 4 1.2. Geographical location ____________________________ 5 7. Communications ________________________________ 38 1.3. Historical background ____________________________ 6 1.4. Natural resource potential _________________________ 7 8. Industry _______________________________________ 41 2. Strategic priorities of development __________________ 8 9. Energy sector ___________________________________ 44 3. Economic review 10. Construction sector _____________________________ 46 of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea ________________ 9 3.1. The main indicators of socio-economic development ____ 9 11. Education and science ___________________________ 48 3.2. Budget _______________________________________ 18 3.3. International cooperation _________________________ 20 12. Culture and cultural heritage protection ___________ 50 3.4. Investment activity _____________________________ 21 3.5. Monetary market _______________________________ 22 13. Public health care ______________________________ 52 3.6. Innovation development __________________________ 23 14. Regions of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea _____ 54 4. Health-resort and tourism complex_________________ 24 5. Agro-industrial complex __________________________ 29 5.1. Agriculture ____________________________________ 29 5.2. Food industry __________________________________ 31 5.3. Land resources _________________________________ -
Ethnic Violence in the Former Soviet Union Richard H
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2011 Ethnic Violence in the Former Soviet Union Richard H. Hawley Jr. (Richard Howard) Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES ETHNIC VIOLENCE IN THE FORMER SOVIET UNION By RICHARD H. HAWLEY, JR. A Dissertation submitted to the Political Science Department in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2011 Richard H. Hawley, Jr. defended this dissertation on August 26, 2011. The members of the supervisory committee were: Heemin Kim Professor Directing Dissertation Jonathan Grant University Representative Dale Smith Committee Member Charles Barrilleaux Committee Member Lee Metcalf Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii To my father, Richard H. Hawley, Sr. and To my mother, Catherine S. Hawley (in loving memory) iii AKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many people who made this dissertation possible, and I extend my heartfelt gratitude to all of them. Above all, I thank my committee chair, Dr. Heemin Kim, for his understanding, patience, guidance, and comments. Next, I extend my appreciation to Dr. Dale Smith, a committee member and department chair, for his encouragement to me throughout all of my years as a doctoral student at the Florida State University. I am grateful for the support and feedback of my other committee members, namely Dr. -
High Treason: Essays on the History of the Red Army 1918-1938, Volume II
FINAL REPORT T O NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARCH TITLE : HIG H TREASON: ESSAYS ON THE HISTORY OF TH E RED ARMY 1918-193 8 VOLUME I I AUTHOR . VITALY RAPOPOR T YURI ALEXEE V CONTRACTOR : CENTER FOR PLANNING AND RESEARCH, .INC . R . K . LAURINO, PROJECT DIRECTO R PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR : VLADIMIR TREML, CHIEF EDITO R BRUCE ADAMS, TRANSLATOR - EDITO R COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 626- 3 The work leading to this report was supported in whole or i n part from funds provided by the National Council for Sovie t and East European Research . HIGH TREASO N Essays in the History of the Red Army 1918-1938 Volume I I Authors : Vitaly N . Rapopor t an d Yuri Alexeev (pseudonym ) Chief Editor : Vladimir Trem l Translator and Co-Editor : Bruce Adam s June 11, 198 4 Integrative Analysis Project o f The Center for Planning and Research, Inc . Work on this Project supported by : Tte Defense Intelligence Agency (Contract DNA001-80-C-0333 ) an d The National Council for Soviet and East European Studies (Contract 626-3) PART FOU R CONSPIRACY AGAINST THE RKK A Up to now we have spoken of Caligula as a princeps . It remains to discuss him as a monster . Suetoniu s There is a commandment to forgive our enemies , but there is no commandment to forgive our friends . L . Medic i Some comrades think that repression is the main thing in th e advance of socialism, and if repression does not Increase , there is no advance . Is that so? Of course it is not so . -
HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES in RUSSIAN-OCCUPIED CRIMEA by Andrii Klymenko © 2015 the Atlantic Council of the United States and Freedom House
HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES IN RUSSIAN-OCCUPIED CRIMEA by Andrii Klymenko © 2015 The Atlantic Council of the United States and Freedom House. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the Atlantic Council or Freedom House, except in the case of brief quotations in news articles, critical articles, or reviews. Please direct inquiries to: Atlantic Council Freedom House 1030 15th Street, NW, 12th Floor OR 1850 M Street, NW Washington, DC 20005 Washington, DC 20036 ISBN: 978-1-61977-980-8 Publication design: April Brady. Cover is a treatment of a photo of pro-Russia forces in Perevalne, Crimea. Photo credit: Anton Holoborodko This report is written and published in accordance with the Atlantic Council Policy on Intellectual Independence. The author is solely responsible for its analysis and recommendations. The Atlantic Council, Freedom House, and their funders do not determine, nor do they necessarily endorse or advocate for, any of this report’s conclusions. March 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Human Rights Abuses in Russian-Occupied Crimea ...............................................................................4 Changing the Guard, -
The Enemy at the Gate Habsburgs, Ottomans and the Battle for Europe
046501374-text.qxd:Layout 1 2/17/09 11:06 AM Page iii The Enemy at the Gate Habsburgs, Ottomans and the Battle for Europe ANDREW WHEATCROFT A MEMBER OF THE PERSEUS BOOKS GROUP NEW YORK 046501374-text.qxd:Layout 1 2/17/09 11:06 AM Page iv Copyright © 2008 by Andrew Wheatcroft Published in the United State 2009 by Basic Books, A Member of the Perseus Books Group Published in Great Britain 2008 by The Bodley Head, Random House Extracts for T.S. Eliot’s “Little Giddling” and “The Dry Salvages” reproduced by kind permission of the Estate of T.S. Eliot and Faber and Faber Ltd. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information, address Basic Books, 387 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016-8810. Books published by Basic Books are available at special discounts for bulk purchases in the United States by corporations, institutions, and other organizations. For more information, please contact the Special Markets Department at the Perseus Books Group, 2300 Chestnut Street, Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA 19103, or call (800) 810-4145, ext. 5000, or e-mail [email protected]. A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. LCCN: 2008938931 ISBN-13: 978-0-465-01374-6 British ISBN: 9780224073646 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 046501374-text.qxd:Layout 1 2/17/09 11:06 AM Page v For Denise Gurney Wheatcroft 1914–2007 Mutter, du machtest ihn klein, du warsts, die ihn anfing; dir war er neu, du beugtest über die neuen Augen die freundliche Welt und wehrtest der fremden. -
Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives
EDITED COLLECTION E-IR.INFO Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives i Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives EDITED BY AGNIESZKA PIKULICKA-WILCZEWSKA & RICHARD SAKwa Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives ii E-International Relations www.E-IR.info Bristol, UK 2015 The material herein is published under a Creative Commons License CC BY-NC-SA 3.0. You are free to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt this work under the following conditions: You must attribute the work to both 1) the author, who retains copyright and 2) to the publisher, E-International Relations - but not in any way that suggests that either party endorses you or your use of the work. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you must make this clear when doing so and you must distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. The best way to do this is with a link to this web page: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission. Please contact [email protected] for any such enquiries. Series Editors: Stephen McGlinchey, Marianna Karakoulaki, and Robert Oprisko Copy Editing: Michael Pang Production: Ran Xiao Cover Image: Paganelj E-International Relations is the world’s leading open access website for students and scholars of international politics. -
THEMATIC REPORT Freedom of Movement Across The
SEC.FR/511/15 22 June 2015 ENGLISH only THEMATIC REPORT Freedom of movement across the administrative boundary line with Crimea 19 June 2015 Contents 1. Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Background ..................................................................................................................................... 3 3. The administrative boundary line with Crimea ............................................................................... 4 4. Legal context ................................................................................................................................... 5 5. Challenges in crossing the administrative boundary line ................................................................ 6 5.1. Citizenship and passports issues ............................................................................................. 6 5.2. Practical implications of documentary requirements .............................................................. 7 5.3. Suspension of public transport to Crimea ............................................................................... 8 5.4. Cases of the Crimean Tatars and people with pro-Ukrainian views restricted in crossing the ABL…………………………………………………………………………………………..9 Annex No. 1 Map of the ABL between the Kherson region and Crimea ............................................. 10 2 1. Summary The establishment of de facto control over the Autonomous