Determination of Isomalt, Lactitol, Maltitol, Mannitol, Sorbitol and Xylitol in Food- Stuffs
This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire standard via https://www.sis.se/std-44928 SVENSK STANDARD SS-EN 15086:2006
Fastställd 2006-03-29 Utgåva 1
Foodstuffs – Determination of isomalt, lactitol, maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol and xylitol in food- stuffs
ICS 67.050 Språk: engelska Publicerad: maj 2006 © Copyright SIS. Reproduction in any form without permission is prohibited. This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire standard via https://www.sis.se/std-44928
Europastandarden EN 15086:2006 gäller som svensk standard. Detta dokument innehåller den officiella engelska versionen av EN 15086:2006.
The European Standard EN 15086:2006 has the status of a Swedish Standard. This document contains the official English version of EN 15086:2006.
Upplysningar om sakinnehållet i standarden lämnas av SIS, Swedish Standards Institute, telefon 08 - 555 520 00.
Standarder kan beställas hos SIS Förlag AB som även lämnar allmänna upplysningar om svensk och utländsk standard. Postadress: SIS Förlag AB, 118 80 STOCKHOLM Telefon: 08 - 555 523 10. Telefax: 08 - 555 523 11 E-post: [email protected]. Internet: www.sis.se This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire standard via https://www.sis.se/std-44928
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 15086 NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM March 2006
ICS 67.050
English Version Foodstuffs - Determination of isomalt, lactitol, maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol and xylitol in foodstuffs
Produits alimentaires - Dosage de l'isomalt, du lactitol, du Lebensmittel - Bestimmung von Isomalt, Lactit, Maltit, maltitol, du mannitol, du sorbitol et du xylitol dans les Mannit, Sorbit und Xylit in Lebensmitteln produits alimentaires
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 February 2006.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 15086:2006: E worldwide for CEN national Members. This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire standard via https://www.sis.se/std-44928 EN 15086:2006 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword ...... 3 1 Scope ...... 4 2 Normative references ...... 4 3 Principle...... 4 4 Reagents...... 4 5 Apparatus ...... 5 6 Procedure ...... 6 7 Calculation...... 7 8 Precision...... 8 9 Test report ...... 10 Annex A (informative) Precision data ...... 11 Annex B (informative) Alternative HPLC-Systems...... 15 Annex C (informative) Examples for chromatograms...... 16 Bibliography...... 20
2 This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire standard via https://www.sis.se/std-44928 EN 15086:2006 (E)
Foreword
This European Standard (EN 15086:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 275 “Food analysis - Horizontal methods”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2006.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
3 This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire standard via https://www.sis.se/std-44928 EN 15086:2006 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies an HPLC-method for the determination of isomalt and other polyols such as lactitol, maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol and xylitol in foodstuffs. Chemically isomalt is described as a mixture of 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol (1,6-GPS) and 1-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol (1,1-GPM).
The method has been validated in a collaborative study for isomalt (sum of GPS and GPM) on cookies, chewing gum, chocolate and on hard candies. Validation data for GPS and GPM are given in Clause 8, Annex A, Tables A.1 and A.2
The determination of the other sugar alcohols has been validated in a further collaborative study using the same method. The samples were pudding (lactitol, mannitol, xylitol), cookies (lactitol, maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol and xylitol), hard candies (lactitol, mannitol, xylitol, sorbitol) and chewing gum (maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol). Validation data are given in Clause 8 and Annex A, Tables A.3 to A.7.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1987)
3 Principle
The sample is diluted, dissolved or extracted with water and possibly filtered. If necessary the sample is clarified using modified Carrez solutions. The polyols are separated by HPLC on cation exchanger with Ca++ or Pb++ counter ion using high purity water at 60 °C to 80 °C, detected using a refractive index detector (differential refractometer, RI-detector), and determined by the external standard method [1].
4 Reagents
4.1 General
During the analysis, unless otherwise stated, use only reagents of recognized analytical grade and water of at least grade 1 according to EN ISO 3696 or use distilled water.
4.2 Standard substances
4.2.1 General
When using standard substances containing constitutional water, this content has to be taken into account.
Example: molar mass of GPS = 344,32 g/mol, GPM dihydrate = 380,32 g/mol. The exact water contents of the standard substances are determined by Karl-Fischer titration.
Alternative to the calibration with pure substances, an isomalt reference sample with exactly known mass concentrations of GPM and GPS can be used.
4 This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire standard via https://www.sis.se/std-44928 EN 15086:2006 (E)
4.2.2 6-O-Į-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol (1,6 GPS), without constitutional water.
4.2.3 1-O-Į-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol (1,1-GPM)1), crystallizes with 2 mole of water (water content approximately 10 %).
4.2.4 Lactitol, crystallizes with 1 mole of water (water content approximately 5 %).
4.2.5 Maltitol
4.2.6 Mannitol
4.2.7 Sorbitol
4.2.8 Xylitol
4.3 Standard solutions
Dissolve appropriate amounts of polyol standard substances (4.2.2 to 4.2.8) in water and dilute this solution again with water to obtain standard solutions with a total mass concentration of approximately 2 g/100 ml for the sum of all components.
This solution may be stored for 6 weeks in a refrigerator set at +4 °C. Alternatively it is possible to store the standard solution deep frozen (-18 °C) for up to 1 year.
4.4 Carrez solution I, modified
Dissolve 53,45 g of potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) (K4[Fe(CN)6] · 3 H2O) in water, mix well and dilute to 500 ml with water. Store in a brown bottle and replace it regularly.
4.5 Carrez solution II, modified
Dissolve 148,75 g of zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2 · 6 H2O) in water, mix well and dilute to 500 ml with water. Store in a brown bottle and replace it regularly.
5 Apparatus
5.1 General
Usual laboratory apparatus and, in particular, the following:
5.2 Membrane filter, for filtering the sample test solution, with pore size of e.g. 0,45 µm.
NOTE Filtering of the mobile phase as well as of the sample solution through a membrane filter prior to use or injection is supposed to increase longevity of the columns.
1) For the availability of the standard substance, contact your National Standardization Institute.
5 This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire standard via https://www.sis.se/std-44928 EN 15086:2006 (E)
5.3 Magnetic stirrer
5.4 HPLC system, consisting of a pump, a sample injecting device, a refractive index (RI) detector with variable temperature setting, a column oven and an evaluating system.
5.5 Analytical separation column, e.g. 300 mm x 7,8 mm, filled with ion exchange resin with Ca++ or Pb++ counter ion. To protect the analytical column, it is recommended to use a pre-column of similar characteristics. Shorter columns (e.g. 100 mm x 7,8 mm) may cause insufficient separations.
6 Procedure
6.1 Preparation of the test sample
Homogenize the test sample. This can be achieved by grinding solid samples as hard candies or chocolate with an appropriate mill at low temperatures, and homogenizing subsequently by mixing the ground sample. Deep freeze chewing gum before grinding. Homogenize semi solid samples e.g. ice cream by melting and stirring.
Treat turbid solutions which can occur when preparing e.g. cakes and pastries with modified Carrez solutions.
NOTE Although it has not been tested in the inter-laboratory study, it is recommended to de-ionize sample test solutions, if treated with Carrez solutions in order to protect the separation column. Ions introduced by these reagents may be eliminated by means of appropriate ion exchange resins (e.g. de-ashing systems, cartridges) prior to the injection on the analytical column.
6.2 Preparation of the sample test solution
6.2.1 Soluble samples (e.g. hard candies, compressed products)
Weigh in 2 g of the homogenized sample in a 100 ml volumetric flask and dissolve with water, mix and dilute to the mark. Filter turbid solutions through a membrane filter (5.2) or clarify with modified Carrez solutions (4.4) (4.5).
6.2.2 Incompletely soluble samples (e.g. pastries, chewing gum, chocolate)
Weigh in 5 g to 10 g of the homogenized sample in a 100 ml volumetric flask and mix with 50 ml of water, stir for 30 min at 40 °C to 60 °C with a magnetic stirrer and clarify with modified Carrez solutions. Let the flask stand to reach room temperature and dilute to the mark with water. When the precipitate has settled, filter the supernatant aqueous phase through a membrane filter (5.2). Fat containing sample solutions may sometimes need to be filtered a second time through a membrane filter of smaller pore size.
6 This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire standard via https://www.sis.se/std-44928 EN 15086:2006 (E)
6.3 HPLC determination
6.3.1 HPLC conditions
The separation and the quantification have proven to be satisfactory if following experimental conditions are followed:
Mobile phase: Water Flow rate: 0,5 ml /min Injection volume: 20 µl Column temperature 60 °C to 80 °C
6.3.2 Identification
Inject the same appropriate volumes, e.g. 20 µl of the standard test solution (4.3) as well as of the sample test solution (6.2) into the HPLC-system.
Identify the sugar alcohols by comparison of the retention time of the peak in the chromatograms obtained with the sample test solution and with the standard solution. Peak identification can also be performed by adding small amounts of the appropriate standard solutions to the sample test solution.
6.3.3 Determination
To carry out the determination by external calibration, integrate the peak areas of the sample and compare the results with the corresponding values for the standard substance or use a calibration graph. Check the linearity of the calibration graph.
Note that e.g. peaks of GPM and fructose (Pb++-column), GPS and maltitol (Ca++-column), maltitol and lactitol or xylitol and sorbitol (Ca++-column) may overlap under certain circumstances (see chromatograms in Annex C). In these cases the chromatographic conditions should be optimized. Chromatographic resolution is mainly influenced by the type of counter-ion Pb++ to Ca ++ and the temperature of the column.
7 Calculation
Calculate the mass concentration, ȡ, of each polyol as water free substance in g/100 g or the mass fraction w, in g/100 ml of the sample using equation (1):
A1 ⋅V1 ⋅ m1 w or ρ = ⋅100 (1) A2 ⋅V2 ⋅m0 where
A1 is the peak area for the polyol concerned obtained with the sample test solution (6.2), in units of area;
A2 is the peak area for the polyol concerned obtained with the standard test solution (4.3), in units of area;
V1 is the total volume of sample test solution (6.2), in millilitres;
V2 is the total volume of standard test solution (4.3), in millilitres;
m1 is the mass of polyol (calculated as dry substance) contained in V2, in grams;
m0 is the sample mass, in millilitres or grams.
Report the result with 1 decimal place.
7 This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire standard via https://www.sis.se/std-44928 EN 15086:2006 (E)
8 Precision
8.1 General
The precision data for the determination of GPM and GPS were established in 2000 by a collaborative study on cookies, chewing gum, chocolate and on hard candies. Additional validation data for the determination of lactitol, maltitol, mannitol, xylitol and sorbitol were established in 2001 by a further collaborative study on cookies, pudding, hard candies and chewing gum. The data derived from this collaborative study may not be applicable to analyte concentration ranges and sample matrices other than those given in Annex A.
8.2 Repeatability
The absolute difference between two single test results found on identical test material by one operator using the same apparatus within the shortest feasible time interval will exceed the repeatability limit r in not more than 5% of the cases. The repeatability is dependent on the concentration level of the analyte in the sample.
The values for GPM are: cookies x = 12,674 g/100 g r = 0,237 chewing gum x = 13,409 g/100 g r = 1,228 chocolate x = 17,911 g/100 g r = 0,636 hard candies x = 47,058 g/100 g r = 1,623
The values for GPS are cookies x = 13,471 g/100 g r = 0,199 chewing gum x = 15,153 g/100 g r = 1,230 chocolate x = 18,448 g/100 g r = 0,987 hard candies x = 49,174 g/100 g r = 1,456
The values for lactitol are cookies x = 6,107 g/100 g r = 0,314 pudding x = 0,664 g/100 g r = 0,047 hard candies x = 80,529 g/100 g r = 1,857
The values for maltitol are cookies x = 1,830 g/100 g r = 0,128 chewing gum x = 32,288 g/100 g r = 3,888
The values for mannitol are cookies x = 4,343 g/100 g r = 0,154 chewing gum x = 1,669 g/100 g r = 0,079 pudding x = 1,716 g/100 g r = 0,094 hard candies x = 3,897 g/100 g r = 0,382
8 This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire standard via https://www.sis.se/std-44928 EN 15086:2006 (E)
The values for sorbitol are cookies x = 3,760 g/100 g r = 0,161 chewing gum x = 27,238 g/100 g r = 1,930 hard candies x = 4,720 g/100 g r = 0,423
The values for xylitol are cookies x = 3,028 g/100 g r = 0,139 pudding x = 4,658 g/100 g r = 0,181 hard candies x = 6,460 g/100 g r = 0,319
8.3 Reproducibility
The absolute difference between two single test results obtained on identical material reported by two laboratories will exceed the reproducibility limit R in not more than 5% of the cases.
The values for GPM are: cookies x = 12,674 g/100 g R = 1,601 chewing gum x = 13,409 g/100 g R = 2,804 chocolate x = 17,911 g/100 g R = 3,073 hard candies x = 47,058 g/100 g R = 6,159
The values for GPS are cookies x = 13,471 g/100 g R = 1,299 chewing gum x = 15,153 g/100 g R = 4,813 chocolate x = 18,448 g/100 g R = 2,111 hard candies x = 49,174 g/100 g R = 5,077
The values for lactitol are cookies x = 6,107 g/100 g R = 1,356 pudding x = 0,664 g/100 g R = 0,276 hard candies x = 80,529 g/100 g R = 2,630
The values for maltitol are cookies x = 1,830 g/100 g R = 0,663 chewing gum x = 32,288 g/100 g R = 7,889
The values for mannitol are cookies x = 4,343 g/100 g R = 0,437 chewing gum x = 1,669 g/100 g R = 0,486 pudding x = 1,716 g/100 g R = 0,153 hard candies x = 3,897 g/100 g R = 0,477
9