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An Anglo-Norman Reader An Anglo-Norman Reader BY JANE BLISS To access digital resources including: blog posts videos online appendices and to purchase copies of this book in: hardback paperback ebook editions Go to: https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/589 Open Book Publishers is a non-profit independent initiative. We rely on sales and donations to continue publishing high-quality academic works. An Anglo-Norman Reader Jane Bliss https://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2018 Jane Bliss The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial ⒋0 International license (CC BY-NC ⒋0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work for non-commercial purposes; to remix, transform and build upon the material providing attribution is made to the author (but not in any way that suggests that she endorses you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Jane Bliss, An Anglo-Norman Reader. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 20⒙ https://doi.org/⒑11647/OBP.0110 In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/589#copyright Further details about CC BY-NC licenses are available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/⒋0/ All external links were active at the time of publication and have been archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at https://archive.org/web Digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/589#resources Every effort has been made to identi and contact copyright holders and any omission or error will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. ISBN Paperback: 978-1-78374-313-1 ISBN Hardback: 978-1-78374-314-8 ISBN Digital (PDF): 978-1-78374-315-5 ISBN Digital ebook (epub): 978-1-78374-316-2 ISBN Digital ebook (mobi): 978-1-78374-317-9 DOI: ⒑11647/OBP.0110 Typeset in Junicode by Quentin Miller using XƎLATEX and LYX. Cover Design by Heidi Coburn. Front cover image by Bill Black (2012): Wace, in Alderney Bayeux Tapestry Finale. Back cover image by Danny Chapman (2017): Ormer Shells. Cover images are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution ⒋0 International license (CC BY ⒋0): https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/⒋0/ All paper used by Open Book Publishers is SFI (Sustainable Forestry Initiative), PEFC (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes) and FSC® (Forest Stewardship Council®) certified. Printed in the United Kingdom, United States, and Australia by Lightning Source for Open Book Publishers (Cambridge, UK). Contents Acknowledgements vii Copyright Acknowledgements viii Abbreviations ix Bible Books x Introduction 1 Selection of Texts 8 Principal Themes and Topics 11 Treatment of Texts 21 Story 25 History 28 Wace’s Roman de Rou 29 Description of England 34 The French Chronicle of London 44 Des Grantz Geanz 60 Romance 77 Roman de Thèbes (Amphiarax) 78 Protheselaus 90 Le Roman de Fergus 98 Le Roman du Reis Yder 108 The Anglo-Norman Folie Tristan 124 Short Stories 134 Tristan Rossignol 135 Two Fabliaux 143 Le Roi d’Angleterre et le Jongleur d’Ely 149 An Anglo-Norman Miscellany 167 Satirical, Social, and Moral 170 Le Roman des Franceis, by André de Coutances 170 L’Apprise de Nurture 181 Grammar and Glosses 190 La Maniere du Langage 190 Letters 205 Maud Mortimer’s letters to the King 205 Christine de Pisan’s letter to Isabelle of Bavaria 210 v vi An Anglo-Norman Reader Doctors, Lawyers, and Writers 222 A Medical Compendium 224 Legal Texts 231 ‘En autre ovre’ (Prologues) 242 Religious Writings 254 Biblical and Apocryphal 255 Proverbes de Salemon (chapter 7) 255 The Creation of Herman de Valenciennes 269 Hagiography 281 La Vie d’Edouard le Confesseur, by a Nun of Barking 282 La Vie Seinte Audree, by Marie 290 The Life of St. Catherine, by Clemence 305 Homiletic 317 Maurice de Sully: Credo and Pater Noster 317 Sermon on Joshua 331 Rossignos 351 Eight Deadly Sins, attributed to Robert Grosseteste 359 Nicole Bozon, om Contes Moralisés, 128: Bad Company 366 Appendix 372 ‘Et pis y avait quat’e: enne histouaire de ma graond’mé’ 372 Bibliography 379 Primary Texts 379 Secondary Texts 387 Indexes 395 Manuscripts 395 Bible References 396 General Index 397 Acknowledgements Thanks are due to the following colleagues and iends: Matthew Albanese, Laura Ashe, Katie Attwood, Ian Bass, Catherine Batt, Bill and Pauline Black, Marina Bowder, Glyn Burgess, Daron Burrows, Emma Cavell, Danny Chapman, Victoria Condie, Graham Edwards, Sarah Foot, Linda Gowans, Douglas Gray†, Huw Grange, Miranda Griffin, Richard Howard, David Howlett, Eliza Hoyer-Millar, Tony Hunt, Paul Hyams, Andy King, Carolyne Larrington, Jude Mackley, Quentin Miller, Ben Parsons, Stephen Pink, Jackie and Ed Pritchard, Gillian Rogers, Royston Raymond, Samantha Rayner, Kate Russell, Lynda Sayce, Ian Short, Ilona Soane-Sands, Eric Stanley, Justin Stover, Richard Trachsler, Judith Weiss. I am very grateful to the many anonymous readers of my book, who have submitted helpful and enthusiastic reports, and to the editors at Open Book. In addition, my thanks are due yet again to Henrietta Leyser, who has always been so generous with ideas and advice for me; and to the librarians who have helped me to track untrackable material. Further, I am proud to honour the memory of another two remarkable women: Dominica Legge, and my old iend and colleague Elieda Dubois. Elieda oen told me how she used to meet Legge in the Bibliothèque Nationale, who would hale her off for cups of coffee and amuse her endlessly with talk about Anglo-Norman ‘because’, said Elieda, ‘nobody else would listen!’ Lastly, I cannot sufficiently express my gratitude to Quentin for help and love and everything. This book is dedicated to them, and to the Oxford Anglo-Norman Reading Group. vii viii Acknowledgements Copyright Acknowledgements I wish to thank the following people and publishers who have granted me permission to use their work. This book contains a large number of different texts, therefore my list must be set out as economically as possible. All the passages reproduced in this book are listed in my Bibliography in addition to being cited in footnotes, so it can easily be seen which passage is taken om which published work. Each publisher (or editor, in the case of previously-unpublished texts) is stated clearly in the principal citation of each text, normally in the introduction to it. I am also very grateful to colleagues, and relevant institutions, for help and advice in my efforts to trace copyright-holders. First, I thank the Anglo-Norman Text Society for their generous permission to use more than a dozen extracts, of varying length; each is identified in its place, as stated above.1 I thank the British Library for permission to transcribe and use three pages, kindly provided by them, om three different manuscripts: the first introduces my second Part (An Anglo-Norman Miscellany), the second passage is appended to A Medical Compendium, and the third is appended to the Credo and Pater Noster. Next, in alphabetical order, I would like to thank the following: Alderney Bayeux Tapestry Finale Emma Cavell, for the first of Maud Mortimer’s Letters Honoré Champion (Paris), for an extract om Le Roman des Franceis Tony Hunt, for two substantial texts: the Credo and Pater Noster, and the Sins attributed to Robert Grosseteste Livre de Poche (Paris), for an extract om Le Roman de Thèbes PMLA, for permission to use the Apprise de Nurture, reprinted by permission of the Modern Language Association of America om Anglo-Norman Books of Courtesy and Nurture, PMLA 44 (1929), pp. 432–7 Royston Raymond, for the story printed in my Appendix Selden Society, for permission to use part of the legal text Placita Corone William Allen, for permission to use an extract om the Roman de Fergus 1 Several of these are available to search (page by page) on the Anglo-Norman Hub. Abbreviations Short titles in notes, that can be found easily and alphabetically in the bibliography, are not listed here. Alexander The Wars of Alexander, ed. Duggan and Turville-Petre AND Anglo-Norman Dictionary (see http://www.anglo-norman.net/) ANTS Anglo-Norman Text Society; PTS = Plain Texts Series; OPS = Occasional Publications Series AV Bible (Authorized Version); LV = Bible (Latin Vulgate) Bede Bede, History, tr. Shirley-Price et al. Cher Alme Texts of Anglo-Norman Piety, ed. Hunt Dean Dean and Boulton, Anglo-Norman Literature DMH Dictionary of Medieval Heroes, Gerritsen & van Melle Edouard La Vie d’Edouard, Bliss EETS Early English Text Society; OS = Original Series; SS = Supplementary Series; ES = Extra Series FRETS French of England Translation Series GL (Supp) Gilte Legende, ed. Hamer and Russell (vol. 1 of 4, Supplementary Lives, 2000) IPN Index of Proper Names (or Index des Noms Propres) JEGP Journal of English and Germanic Philology Larousse Dictionnaire de l’ancien ançais, ed. Greimas Legge Legge, Anglo-Norman Literature and its Background Liber Liber Eliensis, tr. Fairweather OCL The Oxford Concise Companion to Classical Literature, ed. Howatson and Chivers ODS Oxford Dictionary of Saints, ed. Farmer OED Oxford English Dictionary PL Patrologia Latina Receptaria Three Receptaria, ed. Hunt SGGK Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ZrP Zeitschri r romanische Philologie ix x Abbreviations Bible Books Col. Epistle to the Colossians Cor. Epistle to the Corinthians Ecclus. Ecclesiasticus (in AV Apocrypha) Eph. Epistle to the Ephesians Ex. Exodus Ezek. Ezekiel Gal. Epistle to the Galatians Gen. Genesis Heb. Epistle to the Hebrews Jac. Epistle of James Jer. Jeremiah Joh. Epistles of John Jos. Joshua Matt. Gospel of Matthew Num. Numbers Pet. Epistle of Peter Prov. Proverbs Ps. Psalm (numbering differs in LV ) Rev. Revelation (Apocalypse in LV ) Rom.
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