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Download Publication INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN VOLUNTARY ISOLATION AND INITIAL CONTACT INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN VOLUNTARY ISOLATION AND INITIAL CONTACT IWGIA – IPES – 2013 INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN VOLUNTARY ISOLATION AND INITIAL CONTACT Authors: Dinah Shelton, Antenor Vaz, Beatriz Huertas Castillo, Carlos Camacho Nassar, Luis Jesús Bello, Paola Colleoni, José Proaño, Dany Mahecha R. (ed.), Carlos Eduardo Franky C. (ed.) and the Unión de Nativos Ayoreo de Paraguay and Iniciativa Amotodie Copyright: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs, IWGIA and Instituto de Promoción Estudios Sociales, IPES – 2013 Editorial Production: Alejandro Parellada Cover and typesetting: Fernando Gauna Cover Photo: Isolated peoples from Humanitá, Brazil Photo: Gleyson Miranda, 2008 – Archivo FUNAI Hurridocs catalogue Title: Indigenous Peoples in Voluntary isolation and initial contact ISBN: 978-87-92786-32-6 Language: English No of pages: 264 Index: 1. Indigenous Peoples – 2. Amazon Region – 3. Gran Chaco – 4. Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela and Paraguay – 5. Indigenous Peoples in Voluntary isolation and initial contact Geografical area: América Latina; Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela and Paraguay Publication date: June 2013 This publication has been produced in cooperation with the Indigenous Committee for Protection of the Peoples in Isolation and Initial Contact INSTITUTO DE PROMOCION ESTUDIOS SOCIALES Tejería 28 bajo 31001, Pamplona Iruñea, Spain Tel: (34) 948 225991 - E-mail: [email protected] INTERNATIONAL WORK GROUP FOR INDIGENOUS AFFAIRS Classensgade 11 E, DK 2100 - Copenhagen, Denmark Tel: (+45) 35 27 05 00 - Fax: (+45) 35 27 05 07 E-mail: [email protected] - Web: www.iwgia.org CONTENT Introduction By Dinah Shelton ................................................................................................................................................... 8 BRAZIL STATE POLICY: FROM CUSTODY TO THE POLICY OF RIGHTS – A SOLVED ISSUE? By Antenor Vaz ............................................................................................................................................. .......12 The indigenous peoples of Brazil ......................................................................................................................... 12 Concepts and nomenclature ............................................................................................................................... 17 Isolated indigenous peoples and their respective locations ................................................................................ 23 Methodology for the protection and promotion of isolated and recently-contacted Indians ................................ 29 Borders: isolated and recently-contacted peoples ............................................................................................... 44 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................................... 45 Appendix ...................................................................................................................................................... 54 PERU plundered LAND, CONFLICT AND EXTINCTION By Beatriz Huertas Castillo .................................................................................................................................. 56 I. Indigenous peoples in isolation, ‘sporadic contact’ and ‘initial contact’ .......................................................... 56 II. Key issues ..................................................................................................................................................... 70 III. The threats against them and the violation of their rights ............................................................................. 72 IV. The role of the state ....................................................................................................................................... 84 BOLIVIA VIOLENCE AND ETHNOCIDE IN THE BOLIVIAN LOWLANDS By Carlos Camacho Nassar ............................................................................................................................... 94 The vulnerability of the indigenous peoples of Bolivia’s lowlands ...................................................................... 100 By what criteria can the risk of ethnocide be assessed? ................................................................................... 103 Location of peoples at risk in Bolivia .................................................................................................................. 104 The peoples and segments of peoples in isolation ............................................................................................ 104 Annex ................................................................................................................................................................ 124 VENEZUELA INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN RELATIVE ISOLATION By Luis Jesús Bello ........................................................................................................................................... 130 Location of isolated indigenous people ............................................................................................................. 131 History of contact with isolated indigenous people ........................................................................................... 135 The current situation facing Proposals to protect indigenous people in ‘relative isolation’ ................................ 144 Policies to protect the lives of indigenous people in ‘relative isolation’ .............................................................. 153 ECUADOR ISOLATED PEOPLES OF THE ECUATORIAN AMAZON By Paola Colleoni - José Proaño ....................................................................................................................... 158 Isolated Peoples of Yasuní ............................................................................................................................... 158 The threat of the extractive frontier .................................................................................................................... 167 The generation of interethnic conflicts .............................................................................................................. 171 State Policy .................................................................................................................................................... 175 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................................. 185 COLOMBIA THE NÜKAK: THE LAST NOMADIC PEOPLE OFFICIALLY CONTACTED IN COLOMBIA By Dany Mahecha R. and Carlos Eduardo Franky C. (ed.) ................................................................................. 190 1. Contact, forced displacement and changes among the Nükak ........................................................................ 192 2. Guidelines for a ‘Plan de Atención Integral Diferencial’ (PAID)........................................................................ 203 3. What the Nükak think and want ..................................................................................................................... 210 4. Methodology for consultning the Nükak .......................................................................................................... 217 PARAGUAY THE AYOREO CASE By Unión de Nativos Ayoreo de Paraguay & Iniciativa Amotodie ...................................................................... 226 The Ayoreo people and their territory ................................................................................................................ 227 History of the Ayoreo people in the last 50 years .............................................................................................. 228 Ayoreo groups in voluntary isolation (“forest dwellers”) ..................................................................................... 232 Situation of the areas of presence of isolated Ayoreo groups .......................................................................... 234 Recovery of the territory and of the Ayoreo people’s future ............................................................................... 243 The Ayoreo people address the Paraguayan government and non-indigenous society .................................... 249 GHIDELINES GHIDELINES FOR THE PROTECTION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES .................................................................... 246 Approximate location of the indigenous peoples INTRODUCTION Dinah Shelton Indigenous Peoples in Isolation ven in the second decade of the 21st century, groups sightings and encounters between peoples in isolation Eof people still live detached from all contact with the and members of the general population have often taken so-called “modernity” of the contemporary world. These place with loggers (both legal and illegal) or hydrocarbon groups of people live in voluntary isolation, maintaining company workers, who, deliberately or not, damage the essentially the same lifestyle that they have had since ecosystem on which these groups depend. Acts which before Europeans crossed the Atlantic. to the general population may seem unimportant—such Estimates indicate that there are approximately as cutting down some trees or altering the course of 200
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