Praxis Philosophische Zeitschrift

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Praxis Philosophische Zeitschrift PRAXIS PHILOSOPHISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT Redaktionskomitee Branko Bošnjak, Danko Grlić, Milan Kangrga, Danilo Pejović, Gajo Petrović, Rudi Supek, Predrag Vranicki Chefredakteure Danilo Pejović und Gajo Petrović Redaktionssekretar Boris Kalin Technische Leitung Zlatko Posavac Die Zeitschrift »PRAXIS« wird von der Kroatischen philosophischen Gesellschaft (Hrvatsko filozofsko društvo) in Zagreb herausgegeben, und zvvar in der jugosla- wischen Ausgabe (in serbokroatischer Sprache) und in der internationalen Ausgabe (in englisher, franzosischer und deutscher Sprache). Die jugoslawische Ausgabe erscheint zweimonatlich (jeweils zu Beginn der ungeraden Monate) seit September 1964. Die intemationale Ausgabe erscheint vierteljahrlich (jeweils im Januar, April, Juli und Oktober) seit Januar 1965. Redaktion: PRAXIS, Odsjek za filo­ zofiju Filozofskog fakulteta, Zagreb, Đure Salaja b. b. DIE JUGOSLAWISCHE AUSGABE kostet im Einzelhandcl US Dollar 0,80 oder das Aquivalcnt in ciner konvertibilcn Wahrung; das Abonnement fur das Jahr 1965 (6 Hcftc) betragt US Dollar 4 odcr das Aquivalcnt in eincr konvertibilcn Wahrung. DIE INTERNATIONALE AUSGABE kostct im Einzelhandcl US Dollar 1,50 oder das Aquivalcnt in cincr konvertibilcn Wahrung; das Abonnement fur 1 Jahr US Dollar 5; 2 jahre US Dollar 9.50; 3 Jahre US Dollar 13.50 odcr das Aquivalcnt in eincr konvcrtibilen Wahrung. ABONNEMENTS nimmt die Redaktion der Zeitschrift »Praxis« entgegen; die Postanweisungcn sind auf das Girokonto: »Praxis« Nr. 400-17-608-86 crbeten; die Einzahlungen aus dem Ausland auf dassclbe Konto mit der Anmerkung: >PRAXIS«, Zagreb. Narodna banka Jugoslavije SDK pri Filijali 417. Auf der Postanwcisung bittc den Namen und die Adresse des Abonnenten lcserlich schreiben und auf der Ruckscite das Jahr, fur das das Abonnement gelten soil, bezcichnen, FOR AUSKUNFT UND REKLAMATIONEN im Zusammenhang mit dem Abonnement und der Licfcrung der Zeitschrift bitte sich an folgcnde Adresse zu wenden: Administracija časopisa PRAXIS. Odsjek za filozofiju Filozofskog fakulteta, Zagreb, Đure Salaja b. b. Druck der Internationalen Ausgabe: Druckerci der Jugoslawischen Akademie der Wiasenschaften und Kunste (Tiskara Jugoslavenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti), Zagreb, Gundulićeva ul. 24. REVUE PHILOSOPHIQUE PRAXIS EDITION INTERNATIONALE ZAGREB, 2® et 3® TRIMESTRE 1965 l4r® ANNEE, N® 2-3 SOMM AIRE SENS ET PERSPECTIVES DU SOCIALISME Avant-propos.............................................................................. 151 Henri Lefebvre / Sur quelques criteres du developpement so­ cial et du socialism e................................. 156 Danko Grlić / Sozialismus! und Kommunismus..................... 168 Mihailo Marković / Socialism and Self-Menagement .... 178 Svetozar Stojanović / Freedom and Democracy in Socialism. 196 Howard L. Parsons / Socialism and D em ocracy................ 207 Gajo Petrović I Philosophy and Politics in Socialism . 221 Danilo Pejović / Le socialisme et les intellectuels.... 233 Andrija Krešić / Le socialisme comme question d’histoire . 248 Herbert Marcuse / Perspektiven des Sozialismus in der ent- wickelten Industriegesellschaft............ 260 Serge Mallet / La nouvelle classe o u v riere......................... 271 Rudi Supek / Le sort de la communaute productive............ 285 Veljko Korać / Socialism in Underdeveloped Countries . 296 Predrag Vranicki / Socialism and the Problem of Alienation 307 Miladin Životić / Socialism and Mass C u ltu re ............ 318 Lucien Goldmann / De la rigueur et de l’imagination dans la pensee s o c ia liste ..................................... 329 PORTRAITS ET SITUATIONS Danilo Pejović / Maurice M erleau-P onty ............................ 339 PENSEE ET REALITE Rudi Supek / Les antinomies ethiques de l’existence revolu- tio n n a ire ............................................................. 351 Milan Kangrga / Praxis et critique ..................................... 364 DISCUSSION Herbert Marcuse / Einige Streitfragen................................ 377 Serge Mallet / Deux tactiques................................................. 380 COMPTES RENDUS ET NOTES Henri Lefebvre / Critique de la vie quotidienne, II (Predrag Vranicki) . 388 Jurgen Habermas / Theorie und Praxis (Milan K a n g r g a ) ........................ 392 Kratkij naučno-ateističeskij slovar - Petit lexique scientifique de l’atheisme (Branko Bošnjak)............................................................................... 398 Gotfried Stickler / Die Dialflktik in Hegels Phanomenologie des Geistes (Davor R odin) ...................................................................... 400 Oleg Mandić / Pregled dijalektičkog materijalizma - A Survey of Dialec­ tical Materialism (Danko G rlić) ............................................. 402 VIE PH ILOSOPHIQUE Vladimir Filipović / Tagung des internationalen philosophischen Institute in L’Aquila ...................................... 405 Gajo Petrović / Das Symposium iiber Dialektik in Z w ettl ........................ 409 Milan Damjanović / Le oinquieme congres international sur Hegel .... 412 Čedomii Veljačić / Indian Philosophical Congress ........................................ 414 Izdavački zavod Jugoslavenske akademije, Tiskara, Zagreb SENS ET PERSPECTIVES DU SOCIALISME AVAN7-PR0P0S Si notre siecle presente aujourd’hui une caracteristique qui le sin- gularise, čest bien Vexistence historique du socialisme dans le monde. On fait souvent remarquer, non sans raison, que cette extraordinaire affirmation du socialisme signifie en meme temps quil est engage dans un conflit global contre le capitalisme; cela ne veut pas dire que ce conflit peut et doit se resoudre seulement par les armes et par la »competition economique«; Vinverse est encore moins valable: comme si la paix etait provisoirement utile a Vhumanite et au socialisme pour la scule raison quelle est menacee par le suicide atomique! Sans sous- estimer la portee des conflits economico-politiques, on peut se de- mander si la lutte pour le socialisme ne se deroulerait pas actuelle- ment dans le domaine des idees avec plus de vigueur et d’obstination que partout aillcurs. S’il en est ainsi, la necessite s'impose de remettre en discussion les idees directrices du socialisme d’aujourd’hui et de ses perspectives, sans superstition ni arriere-pensee, d’autant plus que son developpement au cours du X X e siecle est marque par des ine- galiles, des paradoxes et des contradictions qui sont la source de toutes sortes de surprises et de peripeties inattendues, et s’accom- pagnent de nombreuses deceptions. Aujourd’hui, le socialisme nest plus seulement une idee mais une realite dans un grand nombre de pays, et son expansion dans le monde, surtout apres la Deuxieme Guerre mondiale, a eu pour effet de changer bie?i des choses non seulement dans sa propre structure, mais aussi dans le capitalisme contemporain. Certaines tendances socia- listes gagnenl irresistiblement du terrain dans ces memes pays capi- talistes qui se posent comme adversaires du socialisme dans le prin­ cipe et dans le detail, et personne ne pourra les arreter. D’autre part, le developpement du socialisme a assez montre que, de son cote, il n etait pas non plus immunise contre les »influences de Vautre bord«, et que sa coexistence avec le capitalisme contemporain lui a impose certaines experiences et solutions inevitables dans le monde <£au­ jourd’hui. L’influence reciproque est done certaine, et en un sens, ce n’est pas sans raison que Von en parle, bien que ce facteur, a Ven- 151 contre d'une opinion assez repandue, ne predetermine pas forcement exclusivement leurs structures. A cela viennent s’ajouter certaines deformations specifiques, errements, deviations, qui naissent du socia­ lisme lui-meme et que Von ne peut pas attribuer seulement au faible niveau de developpement economique et intellectuel dont souffraient certains pays au point de depart. Nous avons done sous les yeux un enchevetrement complique de tendances, rapports et agissements les plus divers, ce qui rend diffi­ cile la recherche des categories qui pourraient permettre de les deter­ miner avec precision et de les decrire a fond. Toutefois, une chose est certaine: tandis que la premiere moitie du vingtieme siecle est caracterisee en general par la lutte integrale entre socialisme et capi­ talisme, la deuxieme moitie du siecle se signale par une differen- ciation interieur e de leurs structures qui devient de plus en plus evidente, et avant tout par le developpement de differentes theories et pratiques du socialisme, du Detroit de Bering a la Baltique, du cercle polaire a Vequateur. Les traditions nationales, les penchants et les aversions, les points de depart historiques, le degre deindustria­ lisation, des differents pays en marche vers le socialisme, ont exerce sur son developpement une influence que personne, meme les hom- mes qui Vont cree, ne pouvait pressentir. Le resultat en est differen- ciation sans cesse accrue du socialisme d’aujourd’hui, ce qui a pour effet de susciter des debats et meme des heurts entre ses differents partisans et interpretes. C’est justement cette situation qui attire Vat­ tention de la raison theorique, Vinvitant plus que tout le reste a exa­ miner a fond et dans le detail le sens et les perspectives du socialisme contemporain. Bien que les theoriciens tendent a une prise de position pratique dans cette nouvelle situation, la nature de leur fonction les oblige a s’efforcer d'analyser ce phenomene de differenciation avant tout objectivement, sans hesitation, ce qui doit leur permettre de se rapprocher
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