Gen Bio 2 Lab #7: Echinoderms and Mollusks
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Educators' Resource Guide
EDUCATORS' RESOURCE GUIDE Produced and published by 3D Entertainment Distribution Written by Dr. Elisabeth Mantello In collaboration with Jean-Michel Cousteau’s Ocean Futures Society TABLE OF CONTENTS TO EDUCATORS .................................................................................................p 3 III. PART 3. ACTIVITIES FOR STUDENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................p 4 ACTIVITY 1. DO YOU Know ME? ................................................................. p 20 PLANKton, SOURCE OF LIFE .....................................................................p 4 ACTIVITY 2. discoVER THE ANIMALS OF "SECRET OCEAN" ......... p 21-24 ACTIVITY 3. A. SECRET OCEAN word FIND ......................................... p 25 PART 1. SCENES FROM "SECRET OCEAN" ACTIVITY 3. B. ADD color to THE octoPUS! .................................... p 25 1. CHristmas TREE WORMS .........................................................................p 5 ACTIVITY 4. A. WHERE IS MY MOUTH? ..................................................... p 26 2. GIANT BasKET Star ..................................................................................p 6 ACTIVITY 4. B. WHat DO I USE to eat? .................................................. p 26 3. SEA ANEMONE AND Clown FISH ......................................................p 6 ACTIVITY 5. A. WHO eats WHat? .............................................................. p 27 4. GIANT CLAM AND ZOOXANTHELLAE ................................................p -
Petition to List the Black Teatfish, Holothuria Nobilis, Under the U.S. Endangered Species Act
Before the Secretary of Commerce Petition to List the Black Teatfish, Holothuria nobilis, under the U.S. Endangered Species Act Photo Credit: © Philippe Bourjon (with permission) Center for Biological Diversity 14 May 2020 Notice of Petition Wilbur Ross, Secretary of Commerce U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave. NW Washington, D.C. 20230 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Dr. Neil Jacobs, Acting Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave. NW Washington, D.C. 20230 Email: [email protected] Petitioner: Kristin Carden, Oceans Program Scientist Sarah Uhlemann, Senior Att’y & Int’l Program Director Center for Biological Diversity Center for Biological Diversity 1212 Broadway #800 2400 NW 80th Street, #146 Oakland, CA 94612 Seattle,WA98117 Phone: (510) 844‐7100 x327 Phone: (206) 324‐2344 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] The Center for Biological Diversity (Center, Petitioner) submits to the Secretary of Commerce and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) a petition to list the black teatfish, Holothuria nobilis, as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), 16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq. Alternatively, the Service should list the black teatfish as threatened or endangered throughout a significant portion of its range. This species is found exclusively in foreign waters, thus 30‐days’ notice to affected U.S. states and/or territories was not required. The Center is a non‐profit, public interest environmental organization dedicated to the protection of native species and their habitats. -
Illinois Fossils Doc 2005
State of Illinois Illinois Department of Natural Resources Illinois Fossils Illinois Department of Natural Resources he Illinois Fossils activity book from the Illinois Department of Natural Resources’ (IDNR) Division of Education is designed to supplement your curriculum in a vari- ety of ways. The information and activities contained in this publication are targeted toT grades four through eight. The Illinois Fossils resources trunk and lessons can help you T teach about fossils, too. You will find these and other supplemental items through the Web page at https://www2.illinois.gov/dnr/education/Pages/default.aspx. Contact the IDNR Division of Education at 217-524-4126 or [email protected] for more information. Collinson, Charles. 2002. Guide for beginning fossil hunters. Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinois. Geoscience Education Series 15. 49 pp. Frankie, Wayne. 2004. Guide to rocks and minerals of Illinois. Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinois. Geoscience Education Series 16. 71 pp. Killey, Myrna M. 1998. Illinois’ ice age legacy. Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinois. Geoscience Education Series 14. 67 pp. Much of the material in this book is adapted from the Illinois State Geological Survey’s (ISGS) Guide for Beginning Fossil Hunters. Special thanks are given to Charles Collinson, former ISGS geologist, for the use of his fossil illustrations. Equal opportunity to participate in programs of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) and those funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and other agencies is available to all individuals regardless of race, sex, national origin, disability, age, reli-gion or other non-merit factors. -
Energetics of Larval Swimming and Metamorphosis in Four Species of Bugula (Bryozoa)
Energetics of Larval Swimming and Metamorphosis in Four Species of Bugula (Bryozoa) DEAN E. WENDT* Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Abstract. The amount of energy available to larvae dur Introduction ing swimming, location of a suitable recruitment site, and metamorphosis influences the length of time they can spend The larval life of many marine invertebrates is character in the plankton. Energetic parameters such as swimming ized by three distinct phases. The first, a swimming phase, speed, oxygen consumption during swimming and meta is both a means of dispersal and, in planktotrophic larvae, a morphosis, and elemental carbon and nitrogen content were time to sequester the energy needed for larval development measured for larvae of four species of bryozoans, Bugula and metamorphosis. The two subsequent phases—settle neritina, B. simplex, B. stolonifera, and B. turrita. The ment and metamorphosis—can be temporally distinct, as in larvae of these species are aplanktotrophic with a short some echinoderm larvae (e.g., Strathmann, 1974), or tightly free-swimming phase ranging from less than one hour to a coupled, as in bryozoan larvae (e.g., Ryland, 1974). That the maximum of about 36 hours. There is about a fivefold duration of the larval swimming phase can have detrimental difference in larval volume among the four species, which effects on the latter two phases of the life cycle has been scales linearly with elemental carbon content and, presum demonstrated for several species in at least three phyla, ably, with the amount of endogenous reserves available for including bryozoans (Nielson, 1981; Woollacott et al., 1989; Orellana and Cancino, 1991; Hunter and Fusetani, swimming and metamorphosis. -
"Lophophorates" Brachiopoda Echinodermata Asterozoa
Deuterostomes Bryozoa Phoronida "lophophorates" Brachiopoda Echinodermata Asterozoa Stelleroidea Asteroidea Ophiuroidea Echinozoa Holothuroidea Echinoidea Crinozoa Crinoidea Chaetognatha (arrow worms) Hemichordata (acorn worms) Chordata Urochordata (sea squirt) Cephalochordata (amphioxoius) Vertebrata PHYLUM CHAETOGNATHA (70 spp) Arrow worms Fossils from the Cambrium Carnivorous - link between small phytoplankton and larger zooplankton (1-15 cm long) Pharyngeal gill pores No notochord Peculiar origin for mesoderm (not strictly enterocoelous) Uncertain relationship with echinoderms PHYLUM HEMICHORDATA (120 spp) Acorn worms Pharyngeal gill pores No notochord (Stomochord cartilaginous and once thought homologous w/notochord) Tornaria larvae very similar to asteroidea Bipinnaria larvae CLASS ENTEROPNEUSTA (acorn worms) Marine, bottom dwellers CLASS PTEROBRANCHIA Colonial, sessile, filter feeding, tube dwellers Small (1-2 mm), "U" shaped gut, no gill slits PHYLUM CHORDATA Body segmented Axial notochord Dorsal hollow nerve chord Paired gill slits Post anal tail SUBPHYLUM UROCHORDATA Marine, sessile Body covered in a cellulose tunic ("Tunicates") Filter feeder (» 200 L/day) - perforated pharnx adapted for filtering & repiration Pharyngeal basket contractable - squirts water when exposed at low tide Hermaphrodites Tadpole larvae w/chordate characteristics (neoteny) CLASS ASCIDIACEA (sea squirt/tunicate - sessile) No excretory system Open circulatory system (can reverse blood flow) Endostyle - (homologous to thyroid of vertebrates) ciliated groove -
BIOLOGY and METHODS of CONTROLLING the STARFISH, Asterias Forbesi {DESOR}
BIOLOGY AND METHODS OF CONTROLLING THE STARFISH, Asterias forbesi {DESOR} By Victor L. Loosanoff Biological Laboratory Bureau of Commercial Fisheries U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Milford, Connecticut CONTENTS Page Introduction. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... 1 Distribution and occurrence....................................................... 2 Food and feeding ...................................................................... 3 Methods of controL........................................ ........................... 5 Mechanical methods : Starfish mop...................................................... .................. 5 Oyster dredge... ........................ ............. ..... ... ...................... 5 Suction dredge..................................................................... 5 Underwater plow ..... ............................................................. 6 Chemical methods .................................................................. 6 Quicklime............................. ........................... ................... 7 Salt solution......... ........................................ ......... ............. 8 Organic chemicals....... ..... ... .... .................. ........ ............. ...... 9 Utilization of starfish................................................................ 11 References..... ............................................................... ........ 11 INTRODUCTION Even in the old days, when the purchas ing power of the dollar was much higher, The starfish has long -
The A/P Axis in Echinoderm Ontogeny and Evolution: Evidence from Fossils and Molecules
EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT 2:2, 93–101 (2000) The A/P axis in echinoderm ontogeny and evolution: evidence from fossils and molecules Kevin J. Peterson,a,b César Arenas-Mena,a,c and Eric H. Davidsona,* aDivision of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; bDivision of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; cStowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA *Author for correspondence (email: [email protected]) SUMMARY Even though echinoderms are members of the such that there is but a single plane of symmetry dividing the Bilateria, the location of their anterior/posterior axis has re- animal into left and right halves. We tentatively hypothesize mained enigmatic. Here we propose a novel solution to the that this plane of symmetry is positioned along the dorsal/ven- problem employing three lines of evidence: the expression of tral axis. These axis identifications lead to the conclusion that a posterior class Hox gene in the coeloms of the nascent the five ambulacra are not primary body axes, but instead are adult body plan within the larva; the anatomy of certain early outgrowths from the central anterior/posterior axis. These fossil echinoderms; and finally the relation between endo- identifications also shed insight into several other evolutionary skeletal plate morphology and the associated coelomic tis- mysteries of various echinoderm clades such as the indepen- sues. All three lines of evidence converge on the same answer, dent evolution of bilateral symmetry in irregular echinoids, but namely that the location of the adult mouth is anterior, and the do not elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the adult co- anterior/posterior axis runs from the mouth through the adult elomic architecture. -
Classification
Science Classification Pupil Workbook Year 5 Unit 5 Name: 2 3 Existing Knowledge: Why do we put living things into different groups and what are the groups that we can separate them into? You can think about the animals in the picture and all the others that you know. 4 Session 1: How do we classify animals with a backbone? Key Knowledge Key Vocabulary Animals known as vertebrates have a spinal column. Vertebrates Some vertebrates are warm-blooded meaning that they Species maintain a consistent body temperature. Some are cold- Habitat blooded, meaning they need to move around to warm up or cool down. Spinal column Vertebrates are split into five main groups known as Warm-blooded/Cold- mammals, amphibians, reptiles, birds and fish. blooded Task: Look at the picture here and think about the different groups that each animal is part of. How is each different to the others and which other animals share similar characteristics? Write your ideas here: __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 5 How do we classify animals with a backbone? Vertebrates are the most advanced organisms on Earth. The traits that make all of the animals in this group special are -
Amphipholis Squamata MICHAEL P
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Aug. 1990, p. 2436-2440 Vol. 56, No. 8 0099-2240/90/082436-05$02.00/0 Copyright C) 1990, American Society for Microbiology Description of a Novel Symbiotic Bacterium from the Brittle Star, Amphipholis squamata MICHAEL P. LESSERt* AND RICHARD P. BLAKEMORE Department of Microbiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824 Received 8 November 1989/Accepted 3 June 1990 A gram-negative, marine, facultatively anaerobic bacterial isolate designated strain AS-1 was isolated from the subcuticular space of the brittle star, Amphipholis squamata. Its sensitivity to 0/129 and novobiocin, overall morphology, and biochemical characteristics and the moles percent guanine-plus-cytosine composition of its DNA (42.9 to 44.4) suggest that this isolate should be placed in the genus Vibrio. Strain AS-1 was not isolated from ambient seawater and is distinct from described Vibrio species. This symbiotic bacterium may assist its host as one of several mechanisms of nutrient acquisition during the brooding of developing embryos. The biology of bacterium-invertebrate symbiotic associa- isopropyl alcohol for 30 s and two rinses in sterile ASW. tions has elicited considerable interest, particularly since the Logarithmic dilutions were plated on Zobell modified 2216E discoveries during the past decade of chemoautotrophic medium (ASW, 1 g of peptone liter-1, 1 g of yeast extract symbiotic bacteria associated with several invertebrate spe- liter-' [pH 7.8 to 8.4]) (29), as were samples of ambient cies in sulfide-rich habitats (4, 5). Bacterial-invertebrate seawater from the site of collection and ASW controls. All symbioses (mutualistic) have been reported from many materials and equipment were sterilized, and all procedures invertebrate taxa, examples of which include cellulolytic were performed by aseptic techniques. -
Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Andavadoaka, Southwest Madagascar
BLUE VENTURES CONSERVATION REPORT Josephine M. Langley Vezo Knowledge: Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Andavadoaka, southwest Madagascar 52 Avenue Road, London N6 5DR [email protected] Tel: +44 (0) 208 341 9819 Fax: +44 (0) 208 341 4821 BLUE VENTURES CONSERVATION REPORT Andavadoaka, 2006 © Blue Ventures 2006 Copyright in this publication and in all text, data and images contained herein, except as otherwise indicated, rests with Blue Ventures. Recommended citation: Langley, J. (2006). Vezo Knowledge: Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Andavadoaka, southwest Madagascar. BLUE VENTURES CONSERVATION REPORT Summary Many fisheries and marine conservation management (ii) Knowledge of marine resources is passed orally from projects throughout the world have been dogged by generation to generation failure as a result of a lack of acceptance of (iii) Traditional laws, taboos and ceremonies are commonly management interventions by local communities. used in natural resource management Evaluation of these failed studies has produced (iv) Lifestyle, food security and housing are all dependent extensive guidelines, manuals and new fields of study on natural resources and the use of coastal and marine (Bunce and Pomeroy, 2004). Community engagement, resources form an essential part of this participatory research, and promoting the use of local (v) The arrival of the Catholic Mission has reduced the knowledge have repeatedly emerged as steps necessary proportion of villagers adhering to traditional ancestor to address the problem of managing the development of worship people and their economies while simultaneously (vi) There has been a change in recent years from a barter protecting the environment (Berkes et al, 2001; Bunce and subsistence economy to a market-driven cash- based economy and Pomeroy, 2004; Wibera et al, 2004; Scholz et al, (vii) Increased income for some members of the 2004). -
Marine Invertebrate Field Guide
Marine Invertebrate Field Guide Contents ANEMONES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 AGGREGATING ANEMONE (ANTHOPLEURA ELEGANTISSIMA) ............................................................................................................................... 2 BROODING ANEMONE (EPIACTIS PROLIFERA) ................................................................................................................................................... 2 CHRISTMAS ANEMONE (URTICINA CRASSICORNIS) ............................................................................................................................................ 3 PLUMOSE ANEMONE (METRIDIUM SENILE) ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 BARNACLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 ACORN BARNACLE (BALANUS GLANDULA) ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 HAYSTACK BARNACLE (SEMIBALANUS CARIOSUS) .............................................................................................................................................. 4 CHITONS ........................................................................................................................................................................................... -
Phylum Echinodermata Phylum Echinodermata
Phylum Echinodermata Phylum Echinodermata About 7,000 species Strictly marine, mostly benthic. Typical deuterostomes. Phylum Echinodermata Class Crinoidea (sea lilies) Phylum Echinodermata Class Crinoidea Class Asteroidea (sea stars) Phylum Echinodermata Class Crinoidea Class Asteroidea Class Ophiuroidea (brittle stars and basket stars) Phylum Echinodermata Class Crinoidea Class Asteroidea Class Ophiuroidea Class Echinoidea (sea urchins and sand dollars) Phylum Echinodermata Class Crinoidea Class Asteroidea Class Ophiuroidea Class Echinoidea Class Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers) What do Echinoderms look like? Pentamerous radial symmetry. Oral and aboral surfaces. Oral surface has ambulacral grooves associated with tubefeet called podia. What do Echinoderms look like? Oral and aboral surfaces. What do Echinoderms look like? Arms (ambulacra) numbered with reference to the madreporite. Ambulacrum opposite is A then proceed couterclockwise. Ambulara C and D are the bivium, A B and E are the trivium. What do Echinoderms look like? Body wall Epidermis covers entire body. Endoskeleton of ossicles with tubefeet and dermal branchia protruding through and spines and pedicellaria on outside. What do Echinoderms look like? Body wall Ossicles can be fused into a test (urchins and sand dollars). Ossicles spread apart in cucumbers. Ossicles intermediate and variable in seastars. Muscle fibers beneath ossicles. What do Echinoderms look like? Body wall Tubercles and moveable spines on skeletal plates of echinoids. Small muscles attach spines to test. What do Echinoderms look like? Water vascular system Fluid-filled canals for internal transport and locomotion. Fluid similar to sewater but has coelomcytes and organic molecules. Moved through system with cilia. What do Echinoderms look like? Water vascular system Asteroidea: Madreporite on aboral surface.