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Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48194-6 — Japan's Castles Oleg Benesch , Ran Zwigenberg Index More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48194-6 — Japan's Castles Oleg Benesch , Ran Zwigenberg Index More Information Index 10th Division, 101, 117, 123, 174 Aichi Prefecture, 77, 83, 86, 90, 124, 149, 10th Infantry Brigade, 72 171, 179, 304, 327 10th Infantry Regiment, 101, 108, 323 Aizu, Battle of, 28 11th Infantry Regiment, 173 Aizu-Wakamatsu, 37, 38, 53, 74, 92, 108, 12th Division, 104 161, 163, 167, 268, 270, 276, 277, 12th Infantry Regiment, 71 278, 279, 281, 282, 296, 299, 300, 14th Infantry Regiment, 104, 108, 223 307, 313, 317, 327 15th Division, 125 Aizu-Wakamatsu Castle, 9, 28, 38, 62, 75, 17th Infantry Regiment, 109 77, 81, 277, 282, 286, 290, 311 18th Infantry Regiment, 124, 324 Akamatsu Miyokichi, 64 19th Infantry Regiment, 35 Akasaka Detached Palace, 33, 194, 1st Cavalry Division (US Army), 189, 190 195, 204 1st Infantry Regiment, 110 Akashi Castle, 52, 69, 78 22nd Infantry Regiment, 72, 123 Akechi Mitsuhide, 93 23rd Infantry Regiment, 124 Alnwick Castle, 52 29th Infantry Regiment, 161 Alsace, 58, 309 2nd Division, 35, 117, 324 Amakasu Masahiko, 110 2nd General Army, 2 Amakusa Shirō , 163 33rd Division, 199 Amanuma Shun’ichi, 151 39th Infantry Regiment, 101 American Civil War, 26, 105 3rd Cavalry Regiment, 125 anarchists, 110 3rd Division, 102, 108, 125 Ansei Purge, 56 3rd Infantry Battalion, 101 anti-military feeling, 121, 126, 133 47th Infantry Regiment, 104 Aoba Castle (Sendai), 35, 117, 124, 224 4th Division, 77, 108, 111, 112, 114, 121, Aomori, 30, 34 129, 131, 133–136, 166, 180, 324, Aoyama family, 159 325, 326 Arakawa -
The Abode of Fancy, of Vacancy, and of the Unsymmetrical
The University of Iceland School of Humanities Japanese Language and Culture The Abode of Fancy, of Vacancy, and of the Unsymmetrical How Shinto, Daoism, Confucianism, and Zen Buddhism Interplay in the Ritual Space of Japanese Tea Ceremony BA Essay in Japanese Language and Culture Francesca Di Berardino Id no.: 220584-3059 Supervisor: Gunnella Þorgeirsdóttir September 2018 Abstract Japanese tea ceremony extends beyond the mere act of tea drinking: it is also known as chadō, or “the Way of Tea”, as it is one of the artistic disciplines conceived as paths of religious awakening through lifelong effort. One of the elements that shaped its multifaceted identity through history is the evolution of the physical space where the ritual takes place. This essay approaches Japanese tea ceremony from a point of view that is architectural and anthropological rather than merely aesthetic, in order to trace the influence of Shinto, Confucianism, Daoism, and Zen Buddhism on both the architectural elements of the tea room and the different aspects of the ritual. The structure of the essay follows the structure of the space where the ritual itself is performed: the first chapter describes the tea garden where guests stop before entering the ritual space of the tea room; it also provides an overview of the history of tea in Japan. The second chapter figuratively enters the ritual space of the tea room, discussing how Shinto, Confucianism, Daoism, and Zen Buddhism merged into the architecture of the ritual space. Finally, the third chapter looks at the preparation room, presenting the interplay of the four cognitive systems within the ritual of making and serving tea. -
1513-Kano Motonobu and Soami Decorate the Abbot's Quarters of The
Chronology 1467- - Onin War: collapse of ccntral authority; beginning of Sengoku 1477 period 1471 - death of the dobo Noami 1474 - Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa abandons his office (7 January; Bunmei 5/12/19) 1476? - Soami completes the compilation of the handbook on Higashi- yama aesthetics, Kundaikan sochoki, begun by Noami 1479 - Yamashina Honganji founded by Rennyo, the pontiff of the True Pure Land sect 1482 - Ashikaga Yoshimasa begins building the Higashiyama Villa (site of the Silver Pavilion) 1484 - by this year, a local autonomous council called the Egoshu is functioning in Sakai 1485 - local leaders of the province of Yamashiro form a league (ikki) and take over the administration of the southern part of the prov- ince (until 1493) 1488 - adherents of the True Pure Land sect, organized as the Ikko ikki, take over the province of Kaga (until 1580) 1490 - death of Ashikaga Yoshimasa 1496 - Rennyo founds the Ishiyama Dojo in Osaka: forerunner of the Ishiyama Honganji 1500 - the Gion Festival, lapsed since the Onin War, is revived in Kyoto 1502 - death of the tea master Murata Shuko 1505 - the great popularity of Bon odori in Kyoto causes the shogunate to prohibit the dance 1506 - death ofthe painter Sesshu Toyd (b. 1420) 1507 - Tosa Mitsunobu paints a screen depicting Kyoto for the Asakura daimyo ofEchizen: a prototype Rakuchu-Rakugai-zu byobu X CHRONOLOGY 1513 - Kano Motonobu and Soami decorate the Abbot's Quarters of the Daisen 'in 1515 - Toyohara Sumiaki writes Taigensho, a study of court music 1517 - the rcnga master Saiokuken -
Lake Biwa Comprehensive Preservation Initiatives
Bequeathing a Clean Lake Biwa to Future Generations Lake Biwa Comprehensive Preservation Initiatives ― Seeking Harmonious Coexistence with the Lake's Ecosystem ― Lake Biwa Comprehensive Preservation Liaison Coordination Council Lake Biwa Comprehensive Preservation Promotion Council Contents 1 Overview of Lake Biwa and the Yodo River Basin ○ Overview of the Yodo River Basin 1 ○ Water Use in Lake Biwa and the Yodo River Basin ○ Land Use in Lake Biwa and the Yodo River Basin 2 Overview of Lake Biwa ○ Lake Biwa, an Ancient Lake 2 ○ Dimensions of Lake Biwa 3 Development of Lake Biwa and the Yodo River Basin ○ Early History 3 ○ Expanded Farmlands, Increased Rice Production and Subsequent Development of Commerce ○ A Political Center and Cradle of Culture and Tradition ○ Industrial and Economic Development after the Meiji Restoration ○ Changing Lifestyles 4 Background of Lake Biwa Comprehensive ○ Farmland Development and Flooding in the Edo Period (1603 - 1868) 5 Development Program ○ Flood Control During the Meiji Period (1868 - 1912) ○ Modern Projects for Using Water of Lake Biwa ○ Increasing Demand for Water in the Showa Period (1926 - 1989) 5 Lake Biwa Comprehensive Development Program ○ Program System 7 ○ Breakdown of the Program Expenses ○ Environmental Preservation ○ Flood Control ○ Promotion Effective Water Use 6 Outcomes of the Lake Biwa ○ Effects of Flood Control Projects 9 Comprehensive Development Program ○ Effects of Projects Promoting Effective Use of Water ○ Effects of Environmental Preservation Projects 7 Current Situation of -
Issues of Authority in Japanese Architecture
Issues of Authority in Japanese Architecture Karen M. Gerhart Japanese architecture has often been discussed in terms of its decorative appeal, inspired by its beauty of form, its technically proficient construction, and its agreeable materials. While the focus on the aesthetic qualities of buildings reflects our own contemporary enthusiasms, it unfortunately obscures some of the very different original purposes of Japanese architecture. In pre-modern Japan, architecture was the privilege of the elite and power-seekers and was generally undertaken for reasons other than aesthetics; building signified power and authority. As in Europe and elsewhere, the building of grand structures signaled control over architects and craftsmen, sufficient wealth, and the ability to command others to provide material and labor. Building was also about establishing control and legitimacy. Indeed, the first act new rulers generally undertook was to construct buildings to represent the ideals of their rule. For example, regional leaders founded important shrines like Ise and Izumo as visual symbols of the efficacy of their clan deities, the Japanese emperor sponsored monumental temples, exemplified by Tōdaiji, to show the vigorous support of continental Buddhas for the royal family and the nation, and the warrior elite constructed immense castles, such as Azuchi Castle, in support of its own quest for legitimacy. These varied purposes were expressed in many ways—through elevation, sheer size, by limiting access, through innovative technology, and through beauty in the form of fine materials and intricate decorations. I will discuss here a number of buildings in pre-modern Japan that were designed to exemplify the power and authority of their makers. -
Chapter 3: Premodern Japan - the Azuchi-Momoyama and Edo Periods
| 137 Chapter 3: Premodern Japan - The Azuchi-Momoyama and Edo Periods Section 1 – From warring states to national unification Topic 31 – The warring states daimyo What were the distinguishing characteristics of the new style of government instituted by | 138 the warring states daimyo? The emergence of the daimyo The protector-daimyo lost their positions of strength during and after the Onin War. Gekokujo became widespread as more and more of the powerful retainers and village samurai toppled the protector-daimyo through force of arms and installed themselves as masters of their provinces. These new feudal lords are called the warring states daimyo.1 *1=The major daimyo families included the Hojo clan of Sagami Province (modern-day Kanagawa Prefecture), the Asakura clan of Echizen Province (modern-day Fukui Prefecture), the Imagawa clan, whose power extended from Suruga Province (modern-day Shizuoka Prefecture) to Mikawa Province (modern-day eastern Aichi Prefecture), the Uesugi clan of Echigo Province (modern-day Niigata Prefecture), the Takeda clan of Kai Province (modern-day Yamanashi Prefecture), and the Mori clan, which was based in Aki Province (modern-day Hiroshima Prefecture) and extended its influence across southern Japan, including Shikoku and Kyushu. Japan's farming villages had already been forming their own governing bodies called so and asserting their autonomy since the time of the War of the Northern and Southern Courts, which had loosened the grip of the shogunate and the protectors over rural communities. Some of these so had been organizing ikki to achieve common ends. Under the leadership of local samurai, they often succeeded in making their demands heard. -
Kisaburo-, Kuniyoshi and the “Living Doll”
100 Kisaburo-, Kuniyoshi and the “Living Doll” Kinoshita Naoyuki or many years now, I have been researching different aspects of nineteenth-century Japanese culture, making a conscious decision Fnot to distinguish between “fine art” and “popular culture.” I clearly remember the occasion some twenty years ago that prompted me to adopt this approach. It was my first encounter with the termiki-ningyo - (“liv- ing dolls”), as coined in Japanese. I had absolutely no idea what the phrase meant, nor even how to pronounce the Chinese characters. The majority of modern Japanese, unfamiliar with the term, end up pronouncing it nama- ningyo-. The impulse to pronounce the first character asnama derives from its meaning of something “vivid” or “fresh” (namanamashii). In the culinary idiom, the adjective brings to mind not grilled or boiled fish, but raw fish (sashimi) at the instant the dish is set down, or even the moments before- hand, as one’s mouth begins to water watching the fish being prepared. Now I have a little better understanding of what “living dolls” means. In the city of Edo (now Tokyo), a popular form of street entertainment was the re-creation of themes from legends or history with life-size, lifelike < Fig. 2. Matsumoto Kisaburo-. Tani- dolls––an inanimate counterpart to the European tableau vivant of the gumi Kannon. 1871/1898. Wood, with same period. It is difficult to prove exactly whatiki meant to Japanese peo- pigment, textile, glass, horsehair. 160 cm. ple in the nineteenth century, but the term iki-ningyo- was a neologism that Jo-kokuji, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto first appeared in connection with a public spectacle, known as amisemono , Prefecture mounted in Osaka in 1854. -
Visiting Omihachiman
Visiting Omihachiman ～ A great place to live A great place to visit A great place to come back to ～ Omihachiman visibly and tastefully intertwines a beautiful natural environment, traditional culture and the lives of today’s residents who inherited these blessings. a commerce-oriented town was built by Hidetsugu Toyotomi A land where Oda Nobunaga dreamed of unifying a nation and Spring under the cherry blossoms Summer and clear water Sagicho Matsuri Hachiman Moat in early summer Foot of Mt. Azuchi Chomeiji Temple After unifying the nation by force, the great commander After the death of Oda Nobunaga, Hidetsugu Oda Nobunaga from Japan’s years of civil war built Toyotomi, the nephew of the preeminent daimyo Azuchi Castle with pronounced beauty and splendor Hideyoshi Toyotomi, built his mountain fortress of in the thriving fiefdom of the Sasaki Rokkaku Clan Hachiman Castle with the intention of developing that ruled over Omi. The way Oda Nobunaga believed trade and business in the area. The moat he had built in himself and did what he intended resembles a served both as a defense and means of transportation. magnificent cherry tree in bloom. It was a genius idea that went as smooth as water. Hachimanbori Matsuri Autumn tinged in gracious beauty Mt. Hachiman in winter Winter dusted with snowflakes Omihachiman Doll Festival Kuwanomidera Temple (Hinamatsuri Doll) The savvy merchants of Hachiman set out for With its latticed windows, artistically pruned Edo (Tokyo), Osaka and ports overseas from the pine trees peering from behind walls and Hachiman Moat. They built themselves a name characteristically Japanese architecture, the and reputation by placing the utmost importance Preservation District of Omihachiman speaks of on trust and conducting business in ways that life long ago. -
Article Full Text
Volume VIII Number 1 CONTENTS May 2000 From the Editors' Desk 編纂者から Back Issues and Publication Schedule 2 Articles 論文 The Study of Women in Early Modern Japan: An Introduction with Bibliography by Anne Walthall 2 The End of History? Sunday Night on NHK by B.M. Bodart-Bailey 5 Book Reviews 書評 Edo Tōkyō Hakubutsukan 江戸東京博物館 [The Edo-Tokyo Museum]. Sankin kōtai: kyodai toshi Edo no naritachi 参勤交代：巨大都市江戸のなりたち [The System of Alternate Attendance: Origin of the Edo Megalopolis] by Morgan Pitelka 8 Selçuk Esenbel, Even the Gods Rebel: The Peasants of Takaino and the 1871 Nakano Uprising in Japan by Brian Platt 12 Marleen Kassel, Tokugawa Confucian Education: The Kangien Academy of Hirose Tansō (1782-1856) by Herman Ooms 15 Book Notes, Etc. 研究書ノート等 Watanabe Kouichi Residence Groups and Rank-Order Consciousness in Early Modern Japan 18 Fukuda Chizuru The Early Modern Order and the Daimyo House Disturbances 19 MAY 2000 EARLY MODERN JAPAN 1 Editors Philip C. Brown Ohio State University Lawrence Marceau University of DelDelaaawareware Editorial Board Sumie Jones Indiana University Ronald Toby University of Illinois For subscription information please refer to the end page The editors welcome preliminary inquiries about manuscripts for publication in Early Modern Japan. Please send queries to Philip Brown, Early Modern Japan. Department of History, Ohio State University, 230 West 17th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 or, via e-mail to [email protected]. Books for review and inquiries regarding book reviews, please contact Lawrence Marceau, Review Editor, Early Modern Japan, Foreign Languages & Literatures, Smith Hall 326, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716-2550. -
Battles of the Great Warring States Heroes
Feature Exhibition Battles of the Great Warring States Heroes This exhibition illuminates the figures of the warriors who risked their lives on the battlefields of the Warring States period and the circumstances of the battles themselves from two different points of view. The first is the personal letters of the Warring States commanders. Unlike dramatized novels and historical tales, these letters, which were in essence live status reports of the day, clearly convey the actual situation of the warriors and the progress of battles. The second is the various items and implements that were owned by these Warring States generals. These include swords and armor, of course, but will also feature the tea utensils that were so beloved by them. Thus, we will turn a spotlight not only onto the arts of war for which these men were renowned, but will also look at their cultured side to demystify the nature of their character. In addition, we will also introduce aspects of the military conflicts of the day through paintings of battle scenes. Hōsa Library Exhibition Rooms 1 & 2 From July 21 (Sat) to September 2 (Sun), 2018 Section 1 Section 3 Oda Nobunaga and his Rivals Unification by Tokugawa Ieyasu * In Japan’s Warring States period, during the time of Oda On August 18, 1598 (Keichō *3), Hideyoshi met his end and Nobunaga (1534–1582), the first unifier of Japan, famed finally Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542–1616) made his move toward military commanders such as Imagawa Yoshimoto, Asakura grasping real power. The confrontation between Tokugawa Yoshikage, Azai Nagamasa, Takeda Shingen, Uesugi Kenshin, Ieyasu, who was in actuality controlling the Toyotomi Hōjō Ujimasa, and others were in a state of constant warfare, administration after Hideyoshi’s death, and Ishida Mitsunari at times competing and at times forming alliances with each and other magistrates who were displeased with that fact other either in the interest of expanding their territories or intensified, culminating in 1600 (Keichō 5) in the Battle for the sake of defending their domains. -
Robert Treat Paine and Alexander Soper the a RT and ARCHITECTURE of JAPAN
Robert Treat Paine and Alexander Soper THE A RT AND ARCHITECTURE OF JAPAN Yale University Press · New Haven and London CONTENTS Acknowledgements to Part One 7 Editor's Foreword to the Second Edition 8 Preface to Part One (Third Edition) 9 Maps 10, I I Chronological Table 12 Glossary to Parts One and Two 13 PART O NE: PAINTING AND SCU L P TURE Robert Treat Paine ) I. In trod uction 19 I 2. T he Early Japanese: Archaic Period 23 3. T he Introduction of Buddhism: Asuka Period (552- 645) and Early Nara Period (645/10) 27 4. Buddhism as a State Religion: Late Nara Period (710- 784) 51 5. T he Shingon and Tendai Sects: Early Heian Period (784- 897) 73 6. T he Taste of the Imperial Court: Middle and Late Heian Period (898- 1185) 89 7. The Popularization of Buddhism: Kamakura Period (1185- 1333) 109 8. The Yamato-e Tradition of Narrative Scrolls: Twelfth to Fourteenth Centuries 133 9· T he Renaissance of Chinese Traditions: Muromachi Period (1333- 1573) 159 10. T he Decoration of Castles: Momoyama Period (1573- 1614) 185 I I. The Later Kan6 and T osa Schools: Edo Period (1615- 1867) 201 12. T he Return to Native Traditfons: Edo Period-(1615- 1867) 213 13. The Return to Nature: Edo Period (1615- 1867) 225 14. The Literary Men's Style: Edo Period (1615- 1867) 235 15·· Early Paintings of the Ukiyo-e School: Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries 245 16. P~int Designers of the Ukiyo-e School: Edo Period (1615- 186]) 251 PART TWO: ARCHITECTURE Alexander Soper 17. -
The Impact of the Conflict Amongst the Warrior Class Members to Japan’S 16Th Century Feudal System in Eiji Yoshikawa’S Taiko
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TITLE PAGE THE IMPACT OF THE CONFLICT AMONGST THE WARRIOR CLASS MEMBERS TO JAPAN’S 16TH CENTURY FEUDAL SYSTEM IN EIJI YOSHIKAWA’S TAIKO AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements forthe Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By PATRICIA PARAMITHA Student Number: 164214075 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2020 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI MOTTO PAGE Out of breath in my lungs From the small window reflects the inverted head and Morning glories racing for growth. -Tigridia- vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DEDICATION PAGE For my beloved individuals who have kept me alive until this day. vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ........................................................................................................... i APPROVAL PAGE ................................................................................................. ii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ........................................................................................... iii STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ........................................................................ iv LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS .................................................................................. v MOTTO PAGE ....................................................................................................... vi DEDICATION PAGE