Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48194-6 — Japan's Castles Oleg Benesch , Ran Zwigenberg Index More Information

Home , 10th Division (Japan), Akashi Castle, Aoba Castle, Azuchi Castle, Fukuoka Castle, Fukuyama Castle

Index

10th Division, 101, 117, 123, 174 Aichi Prefecture, 77, 83, 86, 90, 124, 149, 10th Infantry Brigade, 72 171, 179, 304, 327 10th Infantry Regiment, 101, 108, 323 Aizu, Battle of, 28 11th Infantry Regiment, 173 Aizu-Wakamatsu, 37, 38, 53, 74, 92, 108, 12th Division, 104 161, 163, 167, 268, 270, 276, 277, 12th Infantry Regiment, 71 278, 279, 281, 282, 296, 299, 300, 14th Infantry Regiment, 104, 108, 223 307, 313, 317, 327 15th Division, 125 Aizu-Wakamatsu Castle, 9, 28, 38, 62, 75, 17th Infantry Regiment, 109 77, 81, 277, 282, 286, 290, 311 18th Infantry Regiment, 124, 324 Akamatsu Miyokichi, 64 19th Infantry Regiment, 35 Akasaka Detached Palace, 33, 194, 1st Cavalry Division (US Army), 189, 190 195, 204 1st Infantry Regiment, 110 Akashi Castle, 52, 69, 78 22nd Infantry Regiment, 72, 123 Akechi Mitsuhide, 93 23rd Infantry Regiment, 124 Alnwick Castle, 52 29th Infantry Regiment, 161 Alsace, 58, 309 2nd Division, 35, 117, 324 Amakasu Masahiko, 110 2nd General Army, 2 Amakusa Shirō , 163 33rd Division, 199 Amanuma Shun’ichi, 151 39th Infantry Regiment, 101 American Civil War, 26, 105 3rd Cavalry Regiment, 125 anarchists, 110 3rd Division, 102, 108, 125 Ansei Purge, 56 3rd Infantry Battalion, 101 anti-military feeling, 121, 126, 133 47th Infantry Regiment, 104 Aoba Castle (Sendai), 35, 117, 124, 224 4th Division, 77, 108, 111, 112, 114, 121, Aomori, 30, 34 129, 131, 133–136, 166, 180, 324, Aoyama family, 159 325, 326 Arakawa Shō ji, 35 5th Division, 56, 173, 174, 175 Araki Sadao, 175 65th Infantry Regiment, 75, 108 Armstrong, William, 45 68th Infantry Regiment, 90 Army Ministry, 5, 32, 38, 72, 111, 116, 6th Army (United States), 199 122, 160, 175, 239, 296 6th Brigade, 321 arsenal, 104, 119 6th Division, 124, 149, 162, 163 Asano Nagakoto, 173, 174 7th Infantry Brigade, 113 Ashio Copper Mine Protests, 105 7th Infantry Regiment, 35, 322 Asia-Paciﬁc War, 117, 236, See World 8th Brigade, 223, 224 War II 9th Division, 89, 104, 322 Atami Castle, 271 Atoms for Peace, 1, 251 abolition of domains and establishment of authenticity, 2, 5, 6, 7, 81, 151, 153, 159, prefectures, 32, 68, See haihan chiken 169, 268, 269, 270, 275, 281, 287, Agriculture and Forestry Ministry, 166 328, 329 Aichi Pavilion, 174 aviation, 114

351

352 Index

Azuchi Castle, 21, 143, 153 Claudel, Paul, 164 Azuchi-Momoyama (Momoyama) style, concrete, 1, 2, 6, 14, 79, 129, 134, 135, 151, 287, 288, 289, 291 153, 158, 159, 160, 161, 169, 178, 180, 227, 228, 244, 248, 249, 254, bailey (maru), 33, 34, 35, 38, 39, 46, 56, 66, 255, 268, 271, 282, 286, 318, 320, 70, 71, 72, 75, 76, 77, 83, 92, 97, 108, 323, 324, 328, 329 117, 123, 129, 133, 148, 159, 160, Conder, Isaiah, 85 161, 164, 174, 193, 194, 196, 207, Copenhagen, 139 221, 224, 241, 266, 278, 287, 306 Cragside, 45 Bakumatsu (late Tokugawa), 25, 127 Cultural Properties Committee, 239, 241, Bamburgh Castle, 45 242, 245, 246, 249, 265, 300 Battle of Shanghai, 174 Culture Ministry, 161, 211, 239, 275, 277, Beresford, Charles, 112 278, 281, 299, 300, 318 Berlin, 54, 137 Bernard, Mary, 164 Daihon’ei, 56, 97, 173, 258, See Imperial bicycle racing, 92, 117, 277, 279 General Headquarters bombing, 1, 2, 4, 41, 180, 181, 209, Dajō kan, 19, 30, 33, 42, 43, 44, 47 253, 296 dark tourism, 163, 171, 326 Boshin War, 24, 25, 26, 27, 34, 36, 37, Date family, 154, 172 47, 175 Deguchi Onisaburō ,93 Buddhism, 78, 81 demilitarization, 3, 11, 325 Buke shohatto,24 department store, 121, 128, 136, 170, bushidō, 61, 112, 155, 156, 161, 162, 177, 198, 297 246, 253, 276 Diet, 217, 242, 246, 299 Byakkotai, 28, 278, 279, 280, 282 disorder, 24, 107 Dō gō Onsen, 72 Canada, 113 Domestic Industrial Exhibitions, 83 Carcassonne, 46, 47 donjon,52 Castle Dissolution Edict, 32, See haijōrei Dover Castle, 326 castle researchers, 14, 142, 144, 153, Dresser, Christopher, 17, 18, 50, 51, 157, 255, 294, 295, 300, 306, 307, 54, 122 309, 320 castle town, 3, 12, 20, 28, 32, 61, 70, 73, 74, Ebhardt, Bodo, 58, 147 77, 95, 102, 104, 154, 158, 161, 197, Edo, 7, 25, 26, 27, 32, 43, 61, 74, 250, 267, 198, 202, 221, 222, 224, 243, 254, 283, 323 292, 293, 302, 306 Edo Castle, 7, 17, 24, 27, 32, 33, 34, 42, 43, cavalry, 101 54, 75, 188, 193, 196, 224, 274 Central Park (New York), 103, 195 Edo period (ca. 1603–1868), 1, 3, 6, 8, 20, Changchun, 178 21, 23, 24, 47, 61, 104, 186, 224, 229, Château du Haut-Kœnigsbourg, 58, See 243, 247, 248, 250, 251, 256, 260, Hohkönigsburg 267, 308, 321, 329 Chicago, 85 Eells Incident, 206 Chichibu Riot, 105 Eells, Walter C., 203, 204, 205, China, 1, 4, 21, 50, 62, 95, 97, 112, 117, 206 118, 127, 142, 158, 166, 169, 262, Ehime, 30, 64, 65 265, 305 Enomoto Takeaki, 23, 28 chindai, 34, 35, 36, 38, 41, 55, 96 Europe, 6, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 25, 42, 43, 44, Chō shū , 33, 34, 36, 38, 161, 162, 280, 292 47, 48, 50, 57, 64, 81, 86, 88, 93, 95, Christianity, 22, 143, 155, 284, 285, 291 110, 137, 144, 146, 147, 209, 229, Civil Information and Educational Section 255, 257, 290, 309 (CIE) (of SCAP), 200, 201, 203, 204, exhibitions, 50, 59, 64, 79, 81, 82, 83, 205, 206, 209, 210, 211 84, 86, 87, 88, 95, 116, 121, 129, civil society, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 62, 64, 88, 89, 95, 131, 136, 140, 142, 169, 173, 174, 96, 99, 111, 139, 142, 149, 154, 158, 175, 234, 235, 236, 243, 251, 160, 169, 286, 303, 328 256, 257

Index 353

Fairbanks, Charles Warren, 113 gokoku jinja (nation-protecting shrine), 175, fascism, 141, 238, 243, 247, 261, 268, 177, 221, 230, 237, 239, 240, 242, 287, 317 243, 245, 262, 265, 267, 322, 323, 328 Fenollosa, Ernest, 51 Golden Gate International Exposition feudalism, 13, 60, 196, 201, 207, 224, 242, (1939), 177 247, 253, 255, 257, 287, 306, 317 golden killer whale, 47, See shachi Fifteen-Year War, 140, 304, See World Goryō kaku, 25, 28, 53 War II Go-Stop Incident, 142 Finance Ministry, 32, 46, 123, 166, Gothic style, 20, 58 197, 199 Gotō Shinpei, 131 ﬁrearms, 22, 23, 36, 157 Gravensteen Castle, 46, 47 Florence, 137 Great Britain, 18, 86, 97, 109, 112, 113, See Ford, Alexander Hume, 172, 173 United Kingdom France, 46, 97, 147, 153, 157, 309, Great Kanto Earthquake, 109, 194, 326 273, 276 Franco–Prussian War, 116, 155 Great Osaka, 127, 128, 129, 131, 137 French Revolution, 46 Grifﬁs, William Elliot, 21, 22 Friedrich Wilhelm III, 57 Guillemard, Francis Henry Hill, 53 Frois, Luis, 21 Gū jō -Hachiman Castle, 158, 159 Fujikawa Masaki, 10 gunkisai, 116 Fujimura Yoshirō , 136 gunto, 173, 198, 202, 207, 214, 215, 222, Fujio Naoshi, 11 223, 228, See military city Fujioka Hiroyasu, 11 Fujioka Michio, 154, 156, 160, 248, 268, Hagi, 1, 37, 156, 161, 162, 166, 167, 251 269, 274, 275, 281, 285, 286, 288, Hagi Castle, 157, 161, 162 289, 290, 295, 300, 301, 305, 306, haihan chiken, 32, 68 307, 309, 311, 317 haijō,32 Fujioka Sakutarō , 156 haijōrei,32 Fujioka Yoshio, 156 Hakodate, 25, 53 fukkō (reconstruction), 229, 236, 241, 262, Hakone, 159, 260, 270, 276, 301 269, 276 Hall, Francis, 17 Fukubayashi Tō ru, 197 Hall, John W., 261, 262 Fukuchiyama, 102 Hamada Ryō suke, 222, 287 Fukui, 55, 200, 254 Hamaguchi Osachi, 141 Fukumoto Takeshi, 10 Hamai Shinzō , 239, 241 Fukuoka Castle, 111, 291 Hamburg, 137 Fukuyama, 30, 249 Hara Castle, 164 Fukuyama Castle, 23, 150, 156, 181, 211 Hara Hideki, 327 Fukuzawa Yukichi, 143 Hara Takeshi, 189 Furukawa Shigeharu, 134, 135, 151, 152, Harada Keiichi, 12 153, 156, 249 Hashimoto Hideo, 248 Fushimi, 198 Hattori Kintarō , 157 Fushimi-Momoyama Castle, 79, 311 Hayashi Shibuo, 216, 217, 219, 221, 222, 287, 291 gakuto (city of learning), 198, 202, 207 Hayashi Tetsukichi, 164 General Headquarters (GHQ), 189 Hazama Corporation, 281, 282, 311, 312, Germany, 6, 57, 58, 59, 75, 85, 109, 141, 313, 317 147, 158, 248, 275, 295, 309, 311, Hedin, Sven, 113 320, 326 Heisei castle boom, 14, 323, 328, 330 Gettysburg, 105 Heisei period (1989–2019), 14, 323, 329 Ghent, 46 heritage, 6–8, 19, 20, 22, 35, 42, 44, 46, 47, Gifu, 90, 91, 92, 167, 179 51, 53, 54, 60, 61, 63, 64, 69, 74, 75, Gifu Castle, 91, 92, 179 76, 81, 83, 85, 88, 92, 94, 96, 97, 99, Ginkakuji, 144 112–113, 118–120, 122, 126, 130, Gogō Yoshihiko, 216, 217, 218, 220 133, 134, 137–139, 143, 147, 150,

354 Index

151, 154, 161, 163, 170, 177, 200, Hō ryū ji, 39 207, 211–213, 224–227, 264, 276, hoshōkai, 89, 90, 91, 92 278, 283, 285, 288, 290, 293, 298, Hosokawa family, 36, 154, 163, 299, 300 300, 302, 306–308, 312, 313, 315, Hosokawa Moritatsu, 294, 299, 300 319, 323, 325, 327 Hosokawa Ryū gen, 299 preservation, 42, 43, 45, 52, 62, 63, 64, Hotz, Walter, 309 68, 69, 77, 87, 90, 92, 94, 95, 142, 150, Howell, David, 329 155, 162, 186, 208, 209, 213, 268, 291 hozonkai, 89, 94 Hibiya Park, 75, 106, 195 Hungary, 87 Hibiya Riot, 105, 106 Hyde Park, 103 Hideyoshi, 133, 134 Hideyoshi Castle, 131, 135, 152 I Corps (US Army), 209, 210 Hideyoshi period, 127 Iga-Ueno, 68, 69, 165 Hideyoshi Toyotomi, 127, 129, 136 Iga-Ueno Castle, 145, 165, 166, 167 Higashi Honganji, 48 Ii Naosuke, 55, 56 Hikone, 52, 55, 82, 111 Iida Kan’ichi, 247, 248 Hikone Castle, 52, 55, 56, 150, 153, 255 Imabari, 30, 65, 66 Himeji, 25, 26, 52, 55, 60, 100, 102, 105, Imabari Castle, 30, 67 108, 123, 133, 137, 164, 171, 172, Imperial Castle (kyū jō), 7, 33, 188, 189, 190 174, 175, 181, 210, 303, 323 imperial detached palace, 55, 56, 78, 83, Himeji Castle, 26, 38, 39, 51, 101, 116, 120, 148, 150, 303 117, 120, 143, 150, 172, 174, 210, Imperial Diet, 57, 123, 165, 173, 196 269, 271, 289, 291, 293, 294, 305, 307 imperial family, 56, 79, 120, 150, 193, 194, Hirai Makoto, 30, 69 195, 236, 278 Hirosaki, 30, 100 Imperial General Headquarters, 1, 56, 97, Hirosaki Castle, 79, 181 116, 173, 228, 230, 231, 258, 259, Hiroshima, 1–2, 26, 34, 39, 41, 56, 89, 100, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267 102, 120, 126, 137, 143, 150, Imperial Guard, 33, 35, 100, 107, 110, 122 172–175, 180, 217, 224, 228–253, Imperial Household Agency (IHA), 188, 256, 258–267, 273, 279, 280, 296, 193, 194, 195, 196, 224 297, 311–313 Imperial Household Ministry, 55, 56, 148, Hiroshima Castle, 1, 9, 13, 56, 97, 172, 159, 160 173, 197, 221, 228, 230, 231, 234, Imperial Japanese Army, 1, 3, 28, 34, 35, 237, 247, 249, 258, 259, 263, 286 59, 96, 99, 100, 107, 130, 137, 150, Hiroshima Gokoku Jinja, 230, 237 155, 179, 298, 321 Hiroshima Peace City Law, 239 Imperial Japanese Navy, 97, 214 Hiroshima Recovery Exposition, 1 Imperial Military Reservists Association, Hiroshima Shō konsha, 175, See Hiroshima 119, 142, 158 Gokoku Jinja Imperial Museum, 42, 51, See Tokyo Historic Sites, Scenic Beauty, and Natural National Museum Monuments Protection Law Imperial Palace (kōkyo), 7, 8, 35, 56, 185, (1919), 90 187, 188, 195, 214, 223 Hitler Youth, 172 Imperial Plaza, 186, 189 Hohkönigsburg, 58 Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors, 156 Hokkaido, 23, 28, 211, 251 infantry, 34, 35, 100, 101, 104 Hokkoku University, 201, 203, 206 Inukai Tsuyoshi, 141 Hokuriku University, 200, 201, 202, 203, Inuyama Castle, 55, 90, 91, 150, 153 205, 206, See Kanazawa University Ishikawa, 199, 200, 201, 203, 206, 207, 322 Home Ministry, 66, 69, 71, 239 Ishimoto Shinroku, 123 Honda Hiroto, 302 Itō Chū ta, 90, 149, 171, 311 Honda Seiroku, 75, 77, 90 Itō Keisuke, 166 Honda Tadaatsu, 77 Itō Noe, 110 Honda Tadakatsu, 78 Iwakura Embassy, 43, 48 Honjō Shigeru, 174 Iwakura Mission, 43, 45 horse racing, 117, 173, 175, 279 Iwakura Tomomi, 18

Index 355

Japan Self Defense Forces (JSDF), 197, Koch, Robert, 113 198, 223, 224, 264, 292, 325 Kō chi, 68, 69, 108 Japanese–British Exhibition of 1910, Kō chi Castle, 68, 82, 150 86 Kō fu, 52, 86, 87, 88 Jōdo Shinshū (True Pure Land School of Kō fu Castle, 52, 79, 86, 87 Buddhism), 201, 203 Kō fukuji, 39 Joffre, Joseph, 113 Kokura, 27, 100, 104, 108, 126, 214, 215, 216, 217, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, Kagoshima, 26, 37 224, 227, 228, 235, 269, 270, 275, Kaiser Wilhelm II, 58, 85 286, 287, 288, 290, 291, 292 Kamakura, 53, 287 Kokura Castle, 207, 208, 215, 216, 220, Kamakura Yoshitarō , 149 224, 226, 237, 268, 270, 287, 288, Kameoka, 93 290, 291, 292, 293, 295, 305 Kameyama Castle, 5, 93, 94 Kokura Castle Liberation Organization, Kanazawa, 35, 39, 100, 104, 126, 174, 187, 185, 188 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, Kō rakuen, 123, 145 204, 205, 207, 210, 215, 219, 220, Korea, 76, 97, 110, 113, 114, 166, 214, 239, 321, 322, 323 221, 253, 259, 265, 304, 305, 311, Kanazawa Castle, 5, 89, 150, 174, 175, 315, 317 181, 201, 202, 205, 206, 207, 321, Koteda Yasusada, 55, 56 323, 329 Kotō Tsunekichi, 162 Kanazawa University, 5, 199, 200, 202, Kumamoto, 34, 36, 37, 38, 100, 116, 124, 206, 207, 321, 322, 329 127, 137, 162, 163, 164, 224, 274, Kansai, 90, 111, 136, 211 285, 286, 291, 295, 296, 297, 298, Kanto, 23, 274 299, 300, 301, 302, 304, 305, 306, Karasu Castle, 185, 211, See Okayama 311, 312, 315, 316, 317 Castle Kumamoto Castle, 7, 30, 36, 37, 40, 53, 86, Katō Kiyomasa, 36, 127, 163, 297, 306, 96, 112, 143, 150, 156, 157, 158, 162, 315, 316, 317 163, 172, 181, 208, 209, 291, 294, Katsu Kaishū ,27 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, Kawamura Takashi, 318, 327 305, 306, 309, 311, 313, 315 Kawasaki Katsu, 165, 166, 167, Kume Kunitake, 18, 19, 43 169 Kunieda Shirō , 149 keep, 2, 6, 21, 24, 39, 44, 45, 47, 52, 90, 91, Kuroda family, 135 133, 142, 145, 215, 230, 235, 245, Kuroita Katsumi, 134 246, 250, 273, 286, 294, 296, 318, Kurusu Takeo, 195 319, 327, 328, 329 Kwantung Army, 178 Kempermann, Peter, 40, 52 Kyoto, 26, 32, 33, 39, 42, 54, 56, 79, 83, Kensington Gardens, 103 89, 90, 93, 111, 113, 114, 133, 136, Kido Hisashi, 153, 154, 155, 179, 255, 288, 144, 151, 153, 188, 193, 205, 209, 289, 295, 302, 303, 307, 308, 309, 311 211, 213, 247, 311 Kijima Jinkyū , 290 Kim Hyogyŏ ng, 150 Lee, Sherman E., 209, 210 Kinkakuji, 144, 211, 213 London, 18, 43, 55, 86, 103, 157, 166, 246 Kinoshita Kiyoshi, 193 Louisiana Purchase Exhibition, 84 Kinoshita Michio, 193 Ludwig II of Bavaria, 87 Kinoshita Naoyuki, 11, 33, 188, 228, 270, 271, 293 MacArthur, Douglas, 190, 228, 234, 242 Kintetsu Corporation, 311 Machida Hisanari, 43, 44, 51, 55 Kishū Palace (Wakayama and Osaka), Maebashi, 23 77, 208 Maebashi Castle, 23 Kitagawa Hiroshi, 134 Maeda clan, 201 Kiyoura Keigo, 136 Maeda Hisakichi, 234, 235, 236, 237 Kobayashi Kisen, 301, 302, 313, 315 Malbork Castle, 57, 326, See Marienburg Kobe, 67 Castle

356 Index

Manchukuo, 178 Miura Hiroyuki, 134 Manchuria, 76, 166, 174, 253, 254, 311 Miyajima, 172 Manchurian Incident, 140, 174 Miyano Takematsu, 216, 217, 218 Manila, 179 Miyawaki Tsū kaku, 65 Marienburg Castle, 57, 58 Miyazawa Taneo, 217 Mars, James C. (“Bud”), 114 Momoyama period, 127, 135, 153, Marugame Castle, 76, 181 165, 298 Maruoka Castle, 94, 150, 153 Mont St. Michel, 46 Masuda Taira, 11 Mori Shō zaburo, 274 Matsuda Genji, 165 Mori Yō hei, 196 Matsudaira family, 66, 75, 76, 78, 211, 278, Moriyama Eiichi, 187 280, 282, 285, 290, 299, 300 Munich, 137 Matsudaira Tsuneo, 278 Muromachi period, 144 Matsudaira Yorinaga, 76 Matsudaira Yoritoshi, 76 Nagano, 56 Matsue, 39, 40, 60 Nagaoka, 28, 46 Matsue Castle, 30, 38, 39, 40, 150 Nagasaki, 23, 164, 217, 285, 286 Matsumae Castle, 23, 211 Nagoya, 47–51, 55, 56, 81, 83, 86, 90, 100, Matsumoto, 30, 247, 267 102, 108, 111, 116, 120, 125, 127, Matsumoto Castle, 79, 82, 94, 150, 154, 133, 137, 148, 149, 153, 158, 162, 246, 305, 313 166, 170, 171–172, 179, 187, 208, Matsumoto Masao, 230, 247, 248, 249 209, 211, 224, 249, 282, 294–303, Matsushita Takaaki, 12 304, 308, 312–318, 327 Matsuyama, 65, 66, 68, 70, 72, 73, 81, 118, Nagoya Castle, 30, 47, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 124, 197 55, 56, 59, 83, 85, 86, 88, 90, 91, 108, Matsuyama Castle, 23, 38, 39, 53, 62, 65, 113, 116, 117, 120, 125, 143, 148, 66, 69, 71, 123, 124, 150, 171 150, 151, 153, 154, 170, 171, 178, Matsuzaki Yoshijirō , 300, 304, 305 180, 211, 249, 294, 297, 301, 302, McCaul, Ethel, 112 303, 308, 311, 312, 313, 315, 317, medievalism, 45, 47, 143 318, 327 Meiji Centennial (1968), 230, 261, 262 Nakaya Ukichirō , 156 Meiji emperor, 1, 7, 78, 79, 97, 127, 173, Namie Yasuō , 311 259, 264, 265 Nanban style, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291 Meiji Restoration, 10, 13, 17, 22, 28, 59, Nanjō Toranosuke, 158 61, 64, 161, 223, 238, 255, 260, 265 Nara, 39, 54, 113, 153, 193 Mie Prefecture, 165 Nara Conference on Authenticity, 6 Mikami Sanji, 134 national defense pavilion, 141, 166, Mikawa region, 47 169, 235 Milan, 137 National Guard (United States), 105, 106 militarization, 3, 11, 13, 96, 99, 126, 137, National Museum of Modern Art, 33, 322 139, 140, 143, 169, 215, 325 National Treasures Preservation Law military city, 2, 32, 35, 173, 197, 198, 202, (1929), 149 228, 234, 259, 263, 264, See gunto nation-protecting shrine, 177, See gokoku Military Government (MG), 200, 201, 202, jinja 203, 204, 206, 210 Natsume Sō seki, 118 military maneuvers, 111, 114, 116, 118, navy, 96, 175, 251, 253, See Imperial 166, 169 Japanese Navy military police, 101, 108, 110, 162, 189 Neuschwanstein, 87 military retrenchments, 98, 119, 126, New York, 103, 105, 195, 312, 325, 326 129, 162 New York’s World Fair (1964), 230, 256 Minakata Kumagusu, 77, 94 Newcastle, 44, 45 Ministry of Education, 123, 148, 153, 154, Nijō Castle, 56, 111 171, 205, 278 Nikkō , 89, 113 Mito, 27 Ninagawa Noritane, 42, 43, 44, 48, 51 Mitsui Corporation, 311 Nogi Maresuke, 113

Index 357

Nonaka Katsutoshi, 10, 71, 86, 161 Ō su, 30 nostalgia, 3, 38, 44, 59, 69, 161, 247, 255, Ō sugi Sakae, 110 263, 273, 288, 304 Ō taguro Tomoo, 36 Notre Dame, 46 Ozaki Yukio, 165 Ō zu Castle, 9, 328 Ō bayashi Corporation, 311 Occupation of Japan, 13, 185, 186, 187, Paciﬁc War, 143, 222, 304, See World 188, 190, 197, 198, 199, 206, 208, War II 210, 214, 215, 216, 219, 220, 221, Paris, 43, 46, 48, 128, 196 223, 224, 227, 229, 231, 237, 238, parks, 3, 4, 10, 59, 62, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 242, 243, 251, 254, 258, 278, 287, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 81, 83, 88, 92, 95, 292, 309, 319 116, 117, 118, 128, 133, 140, 142, Oda Nobunaga, 21, 93, 143, 149, 201 143, 187, 196, 208, 271, 292, 296, 321 Odawara, 30, 69, 111, 157, 159, 160, 161, peace movement, 219, 250 167, 239, 270, 271, 272, 274, 275, Pearl Harbor, 177 276, 281, 285, 286, 291, 292, 293, 301 Perry, Matthew, 22, 261 Odawara Castle, 30, 56, 78, 156, 159, 269, Philippines, 179, 190 270, 271, 273, 274, 275, 293, 305, 311 photography, 179 Ō gaki Castle, 90, 181 Pierrefond, 157 Ogasawara, 221, 288, 290, 292 Pisa, 172 Oguri Tetsujirō , 149 Pittsburgh, 132 Okakura Kakuzō ,51 Portugal, 22, 144, 157, 291 Okamoto Ryō ichi, 294, 319, 327 Probst, Eugen, 309 Okayama, 73, 109, 123, 211 protests, 98, 107, 109, 139, 319 Okayama Castle, 82, 109, 145, 150, Prussia, 26, 57, 58 181, 185 public space, 19, 59, 62, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, Okazaki, 77, 149, 327 77, 78, 81, 83, 87, 88, 92, 95, 123, Okazaki Castle, 69, 77, 78 128, 139 Okinawa, 107, 149, 150, 198 Ō kubo family, 78, 154, 159, 160 Qingdao, 85 Ō kuma Shigenobu, 55, 127 Okumura Takie, 177 railways, 73, 87, 164 Old Shrines and Temples Protection Act red purge, 206 (1897), 149 Rice Riots, 105, 107, 109, 110 Olympics, 160, 282, 283, 285 Richmond Castle, 326 Ō motokyō , 5, 93, 94 riots, 98, 105, 106, 108, 109, 139, 319 Ō mura Masujirō ,34 Rome, 137 Ono Kiyoshi, 143, 144 Roosevelt, Theodore, 84, 106 Ō rui Noboru, 95, 140, 144, 145, 146, 147, Russia, 22, 62, 97, 106, 112, 113, 117, 118, 155, 156, 179, 255, 305 147, 264 Osaka, 10–11, 24, 26, 32–35, 55, 79, Russo–Japanese War, 75, 84, 86, 87, 90, 97, 83–85, 86, 87, 96, 99–104, 107, 108, 101, 102, 106, 112, 117, 118, 119, 111, 112, 121, 127–133, 135–137, 120, 121, 124, 144, 146, 147, 265 142, 150–153, 158, 160, 162, 164, 170, 172, 179, 187, 208, 211, 215, Saigō Takamori, 27, 37, 59, 100 234–236, 271, 297, 303, 311, 323 Sakaguchi Chikara, 299 Osaka Arsenal, 122, 324 Sakakibara family, 73 Osaka Castle, 9, 10, 27, 32, 34, 53, 56, 77, Sakamoto Shinhachi, 157 79, 101, 111, 112, 113, 114, 126, 127, Sakugun, 25 128, 130, 133, 134, 136, 142, 143, samurai, 1, 23, 25, 26, 28, 30, 34, 36, 37, 148, 151, 152, 155, 156, 163, 167, 38, 40, 43, 59, 61, 62, 63, 66, 69, 70, 169, 178, 179, 180, 208, 235, 274, 71, 74, 88, 99, 119, 120, 140, 166, 291, 294, 311, 324, 325, 326 177, 208, 229, 251, 255, 256, 282, Osaka Kō wa Exhibition, 234, 254 292, 293, 296, 315, 319, 323, 325, 329 Oshiro Castle, 69 San’yō Road, 102

358 Index

Sano Tsunetami, 48 Siberian Intervention, 98, 109 Satō Kō ji, 281 Siemens Incident, 97 Satō Masao, 298 Sino–Japanese War, 57, 63, 64, 83, 85, 95, Satō Saburō , 317 97, 102, 111, 112, 117, 118, 173, 175, Satō Shirō , 302 228, 259, 262, 265 Satō Tadayoshi, 309 Smithsonian Museum, 44 Satsuma, 33, 36, 43, 55, 280, 317 sonjō,32 Satsuma Rebellion, 37, 55, 63, 71, 96, 99, spiritual education, 8, 98, 119, 166, 169, 118, 316 175, 329 SCAP (Supreme Commander for the Allied St. Louis, 84, 85, 177 Powers), 193, 200, 201, 203, 204, 205, St. Petersburg, 54 206, 238, 277 State Shinto, 5, 237 Schenk, Carl, 52, 86 Stefanoni, João Francisco, 21 Scotland, 172 stock market crash of 1929, 76, 141, 163 Second World War, 12, 150, 240, 315, See strikes, 98, 139, 257, 326 World War II Sudō Moto, 161 Seki Hajime, 107, 127, 128, 131, 133, Sumitomo Tomoito, 134 136, 137 Sumitomo Tomonari, 134 Seki Toyosaku, 268 Sumoto Castle, 79 Sendai, 28, 34, 35, 38, 100, 108, 117, 118, 120, 124, 137, 187, 197, 198, 199, Taisho Democracy, 98, 99, 139, 146 208, 219, 224 Taisho emperor, 79 Sendai Castle, 143, 150, 172, 199, See Aoba Taisho militarism, 98, 99, 139, 146 Castle Taisho period (1912–1926), 98, 99, 102, shachi, 47, 48, 50, 56, 81, 145, 153, 171, 109, 119, 120, 124, 125, 126, 127, 180, 249, 275, 282, 301, 303, 304, 129, 137, 329 312, 313, 317, 318 Taisho Political Crisis, 97 Shanghai Incident, 174 Tajima Michiji, 185 Shibata Castle, 197, 198, 325 Takada Castle, 73, 125 Shibata Kensei, 149 Takamatsu, 74, 76, 211 Shiga Prefecture, 165 Takamatsu Castle, 53, 75, 76, 77, 78, Shikoku, 23, 64, 68, 211 156, 211 Shimabara, 163, 164, 167, 270, 274, 283, Takamatsu Nobuhito, 193 284, 285, 286, 291, 292, 296, 327 Takashi Kawamura, 327 Shimabara Castle, 164, 270, 283, 286 Takashimaya Department Store, 121, 128 Shimabara Rebellion, 163, 268, 283, 284, Takatori, 63 285, 286 Takayama Castle, 167 Shimizu Corporation, 93 Tamamobyō shrine, 76 Shimonoseki, 26 Tanaka Matsuo, 279 Shinano Province, 25 Tanaka Satoru, 280 Shinkyō , 178 Tanaka Yoshinari, 143, 144 Shinmura Jun’ichi, 328 Tanaka, Stefan, 19, 43 Shinozaki Eizaburō ,38 Tange Kenzō , 248, 249 Shinpū ren Rebellion, 36 Tani Gohei, 223 Shinto, 5, 36, 78, 85, 93, 238 Tennō ji Park, 130, 234 Shizuoka, 48, 108, 120 tenshukaku, 91, 144, 145, 156, 274, 328 shōkonsai, 116 Teutonic Order, 58 shōkonsha, 116, 175 Three Human Bombs, 174 Shō nai, 28 Toba Masao, 140, 148, 155, 156, 179, 305 Shō nin Rennyō , 201 Todō family, 166, 167 Showa Castle Boom, 269 Todō Takatora, 166 Showa emperor, 78, 79, 133, 141, 163 Tohoku Imperial University, 144, See Showa period (1926–1989), 10, 121, 148, Tohoku University 155, 167, 169, 170, 177, 266, 293, 317 Tohoku University, 206 Shuri Castle, 149, 150, 198 Tokugawa Iesato, 136

Index 359

Tokugawa Ieyasu, 22, 47, 78, 127, 149 Ugaki Kazushige, 119, 125 Tokugawa period, 12, 19, 22, 23, 29, 54, Ugaki Retrenchment, 119, 125 55, 59, 63, 73, 81, 95, 107, 135, 146, Ujina, 56, 102, 228 153, 165, 171, 267, 329, See Edo UNESCO, 6, 39, 57, 266, 292, 323, period 328 Tokugawa shogunate, 4, 8, 17, 22, 23, 24, United Kingdom, 94, 278, 326, See Great 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 37, 47, 50, 55, Britain 56, 60, 63, 69, 74, 75, 127, 154, 161, University of Tokyo, 275, 299 171, 324 Uto Yagura, 162, 163, 298 Tokugawa Yorimichi, 77, 90 Utsunomiya, 27 Tokushima Castle, 81, 111, 327 Uwajima Castle, 30, 65, 150, 154 Tokutomi Sohō (Ichirō ), 61, 70 Tokyo, 5, 8, 11, 13, 17, 23, 31–36, 41, 42, Vajdahunyad Castle, 87, 88 47–52, 61, 62, 65, 67–69, 74–76, 81, Victorian period, 45, 51, 61 82, 86, 87, 90, 93, 100, 109, 113, 116, Vieth, Paul H., 203, 204, 205 126, 127, 131, 141, 160, 161, 164, Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène, 46, 47 175, 179, 186, 188, 193–196, 203, von Bälz, Erwin, 52, 53 207, 209, 210, 211, 217–220, 221, von Brandt, Max, 50, 51, 54, 59 223, 235, 241, 248, 255, 268–270, 274, 277, 279, 283, 285, 293, 294, Wagener, Gottfried, 48, 51 295, 298, 300, 302, 305, 307, 311, Wakayama, 70, 77, 280, 306 322, 328 Wakayama Castle, 53, 73, 77, 94, 150, 181, Tokyo Imperial University, 75, 156, See 270, 274, 306 University of Tokyo Wakon Yōsai (“Western technology and Tokyo National Museum, 42, 43, 178 Japanese spirit”), 229, 282, 313 Tokyo University of Technology, 156 Walker, Brett, 329 Tomikawa Yasutarō , 254, 255 Walters, Angus, 136 Tosa, 33, 66 War Ministry, 30, 33, 34, 66 Tottori, 78, 158 Watanabe Shin’ichirō , 270 Tottori Castle, 52 Watanabe Tadao, 241, 243, 244, 246, tourism, 10, 64, 89, 92, 96, 131, 143, 160, 247, 250 164, 174, 175, 221, 237, 243, 245, watchtower, 24, 37, 39, 106, 144, See 257, 270, 273, 275, 282, 283, 285, yagura 286, 288, 290, 292, 293, 297, 300, Wert, Michael, 279 301, 304, 307, 324 Westernization, 100 Tower of London, 18, 43, 55, 86, 157, 166 Wewelsburg Castle, 326 Toyama, 107, 200, 246, 251, 253, 254, White Tiger Brigade, 28, 279, 282, See 255, 256, 267 Byakkotai Toyama Castle, 254, 255 Windsor Castle, 54 Toyohashi, 124, 125, 126, 324, 325 Winter Siege of Osaka, 135 Toyota, 20 wood construction, 2, 6, 7, 8, 14, 135, 151, Toyota Katsuzō , 161 169, 180, 248, 281, 298, 303, 305, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, 79, 127, 128, 129, 318, 320, 321, 323, 328, 329 133, 136, 149 World War I, 89, 97, 98, 104, 106, 113, Treaty of Portsmouth, 106 125, 128, 146, 155, 304 Tristram, Henry Baker, 52, 96, 111, 112 World War II, 3, 263, 279, 280, 317 Tsuchiya Jun’ichi, 149, 153, 171 World’s Columbian Exhibition in Tsuda Ō suke, 149 Chicago, 85 Tsuruma Park, 90, 108 World’s Fair 1867 Paris, 43, 48 turret, 44, 83, 162, 163, 171, 178, See World’s Fair 1873 Vienna, 48, 53, 81 yagura World’s Fair 1900 Paris, 88

Ueki Mototarō , 164, 165 Xinjing, 178 Ueno Zoo, 271, 272 Ueshi Castle, 158, 167 Yagi Sō saburō , 143

360 Index

yagura, 23, 38, 40, 42, 65, 69, 144, 145, Yasukuni Shrine, 5, 116, 117, 177, 242 163, 164, 181, 185, 196, 208, 209, Yellow Peril, 85 211, 248, 266, 298, 301, 308, 325 Yi Un, 114 Yamada Setsuo, 263, 264, 265 Yokohama, 48, 53, 67, 87 Yamagata, 74, 120 Yokoi Shō nan, 26 Yamagata Aritomo, 51 Yokoyama Matsusaburō , 43, 44 Yamagata Castle, 73 Yokoyama Takeshi, 277, 278, 279, 280, Yamaguchi Hanroku, 128 281, 282 Yamaguchi Prefecture, 161, 251 Yonezawa Castle, 67, 68 Yamakawa Kenjirō ,75 Yoshida Castle (Toyohashi), 124, 125, Yamamoto Katsumi, 255 324 Yamamoto Matsuyo, 246, 247, 249, 251 Yoshida Shigeru, 305 Yamamoto Yaeko, 28 Yoshida Shō in, 56, 127 Yamanashi Hanzō , 129 Yoshida Tokujirō , 303 Yamazaki Tatsunosuke, 166 Young, Louise, 73, 154, 198 Yanagawa Castle, 30 Yū shima Seidō , 48, 81 Yanagita Kunio, 77 Yū shū kan Museum, 117