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2. Landasan Teori 2. LANDASAN TEORI Pada bab 2 ini dibahas mengenai landasan teori yang digunakan untuk pembuatan aplikasi perbandingan harga. 2.1 Aplikasi yang Sudah Ada 2.1.1 Priceza Berdasarkan pengalaman penulis setelah mencoba situs Priceza, situs awal untuk kategori handphone situs Priceza menampilkan tabel search untuk konsumen melakukan pencarian produk dan pilihan pencarian terpopuler dari konsumen lainnya. Kemudian, situs juga terdapat filter pencarian berupa merek produk, kategori produk, jumlah simcard, memori handphone, kisaran harga, dan situs e-commerce yang menjual produk tersebut. Tampilan situs dapat dilihat pada Gambar 2.1. Gambar 2.1. Tampilan Awal Kategori Handphone pada Situs Priceza (Sumber: http://www.priceza.co.id/c/harga/Handphone, diakses 14 Mei 2015) 6 Universitas Kristen Petra Contoh pencarian yang dilakukan penulis adalah produk handphone yaitu ‘Iphone 6’. Situs dari pencarian berisi pilihan Iphone 6 dengan memori yang berbeda, penjelasan produk, dan harga termurah dari beberapa situs e-commerce yang menjual produk tersebut. Setelah memilih produk ‘Iphone 6 16 GB’, situs berisi penjelasan produk, spesifikasi produk, harga termurah, cara pembayaran, dan kupon pada setiap situs e-commerce. Tamplian pilihan Iphone 6 dapat dilihat pada Gambar 2.2 dan terdapat referensi harga yang lain dari toko yang memasang produk pada situs e-commerce seperti pada Gambar 2.3. Gambar 2.2. Tampilan Pilihan Iphone 6 (Sumber: http://www.priceza.co.id/search?productdataname=iphone%206, diakses 14 Mei 2015) 7 Universitas Kristen Petra Gambar 2.3. Tampilan Referensi Harga Iphone 6 (Sumber: http://www.priceza.co.id/p/harga/Apple-iPhone-6-16GB/5503435, diakses 14 Mei 2015) Penulis memilih produk yang dijual dari situs Lazada dengan memilih harga termurah. Kemudian situs berpindah ke situs Lazada yang menampilkan produk tersebut. Tetapi harga yang ditampilkan dari situs Lazada dan Priceza berbeda. Setelah itu, penulis mencoba untuk menggunakan kupon yang ditampilkan. Namun, kupon tersebut tidak dapat digunakan untuk transaksi produk yang seharusnya mendapatkan kupon. Contoh tersebut dapat dilihat seperti pada Gambar 2.4 dan tampilan pada situs Lazada dapat dilihat seperti pada Gambar 2.5. Gambar 2.4. Pemberitahuan Terdapat Kupon (Sumber: http://www.priceza.co.id/p/harga/Apple-iPhone-6-16GB/5503435, diakses 14 Mei 2015) 8 Universitas Kristen Petra Gambar 2.5. Halaman Produk pada Situs Lazada (Sumber: http://www.lazada.co.id/apple-iphone-6-16-gb-emas- 442110.html?offer_id=109&affiliate_id=11249&offer_name=ID+Data- feed_11063&affiliate_name=Priceza.co.id&transaction_id=10229b1b8ae80b262d cee1f699785c, diakses 14 Mei 2015) 2.1.2 Pricearea Berdasarkan pengalaman penulis setelah mencoba situs Pricearea, situs awal pada kategori handphone menampilkan tabel search untuk konsumen melakukan pencarian produk. Kemudian, situs juga dilengkapi filter pencarian berupa merek produk, seri produk, rentang harga, resolusi kamera, dan sistem operasi produk dari e-commerce lain yang menjual produk tersebut seperti pada Gambar 2.6. Penulis melakukan pencarian produk handphone yaitu ‘Iphone 6’. Situs dari pencarian berisi produk yang dicari, relevansi dari produk, penjelasan produk secara singkat, rentang harga, dan jumlah harga yang tersedia. Setelah memilih produk ‘Apple Iphone 6’, situs menampilkan penjelasan produk, spesifikasi produk, harga dari toko-toko yang memasang produk, dan reputasi pada setiap situs e-commerce seperti pada Gambar 2.7. 9 Universitas Kristen Petra Gambar 2.6. Tampilan Awal Kategori Handphone pada Situs Pricearea (Sumber: http://www.pricearea.com/harga/handphone/handphone, diakses 14 Mei 2015) Gambar 2.7. Tampilan Pilihan Iphone 6 (Sumber: http://www.pricearea.com/result/iphone+6?cat=handphone, diakses 14 Mei 2015) Penulis memilih produk yang dijual dari situs Bukalapak dengan memilih harga termurah. Situs berpindah ke situs Bukalapak yang tidak menampilkan 10 Universitas Kristen Petra produk tersebut, melainkan terdapat pilihan Iphone 6 lain yang dijual oleh Bukalapak karena toko yang memasang produk tersebut sudah tidak aktif. Sehingga data yang ditampilkan tidak valid. Contoh tersebut dapat dilihat seperti pada Gambar 2.8 dan Gambar 2.9. Gambar 2.8. Tampilan Referensi Harga Iphone 6 (Sumber: http://www.pricearea.com/catalog/apple-iphone-6-23560, diakses 14 Mei 2015) 11 Universitas Kristen Petra Gambar 2.9. Situs Produk pada Situs Bhinneka (Sumber:https://www.bukalapak.com/p/handphone/hp-smartphone/5z6id-jual- apple-iphone-6-16gb-space-gray?utm_source=pricearea, diakses 14 Mei 2015) 2.1.3 Telunjuk Berdasarkan pengalaman penulis setelah mencoba situs Telunjuk, situs awal pada kategori handphone menampilkan tabel search untuk konsumen melakukan pencarian produk. Terdapat produk yang tidak sesuai dengan kategori handphone seperti akesoris. Kemudian, pada situs juga terdapat filter pencarian berupa merek produk, warna produk, rentang harga, sistem operasi produk, jumlah simcard, jaringan, dan ukuran layar produk. Tampilan situs dapat dilihat pada Gambar 2.10. 12 Universitas Kristen Petra Gambar 2.10. Tampilan Awal Kategori Handphone pada Situs Telunjuk (Sumber: https://www.telunjuk.com/handphone/jual/, diakses 14 Mei 2015) Penulis melakukan pencarian produk handphone seperti ‘Iphone 6’. Kemudian situs menampilkan produk Iphone 6 dan aksesoris Iphone 6 dari berbagai toko secara keseluruhan, tidak seperti situs lainnya yang langsung menampilkan harga termurah. Pada situs terdapat fitur filter untuk menampilkan kategori handphone, tetapi hasil dari pencarian masih ada beberapa aksesoris dari produk. Penulis kesulitan untuk mencari produk karena banyaknya pilihan yang disediakan dan tidak ada reputasi yang ditampilkan sehingga konsumen bisa saja tidak yakin untuk melanjutkan transaksi. Contoh tersebut dapat dilihat seperti pada Gambar 2.11. Penulis memilih produk yang dijual dari situs Lazada. Situs yang ditampilkan berisi penjelasan, spesifikasi produk, dan beberapa pilihan dari toko yang menawarkan produk di Lazada. Pilihan yang ditampilkan memperlihatkan cara pembayaran, penjelasan singkat produk, dan diskon yang diterima dari situs. Setelah itu, penulis memilih salah satu produk dan berpindah ke situs Lazada yang menunjuk produk tersebut. Harga yang ditampilkan sesuai antara situs Telunjuk dan Lazada seperti terlihat pada Gambar 2.12 dan Gambar 2.13. 13 Universitas Kristen Petra Gambar 2.11. Tampilan Pilihan Iphone 6 (Sumber: https://www.telunjuk.com/all/jual/iphone-6, diakses 14 Mei 2015) Gambar 2.12. Tampilan Referensi Harga Iphone 6 (Sumber: https://www.telunjuk.com/all/penjual/apple-iphone-6-128-gb-silver, diakses 14 Mei 2015) 14 Universitas Kristen Petra Gambar 2.13. Halaman Produk pada Situs Lazada (Sumber: http://www.lazada.co.id/apple-iphone-6-128-gb-silver- 825855.html?offer_id=109&affiliate_id=4733&offer_name=ID+Data- feed_11063&affiliate_name=ID+- +PT.+Telunjuk+Komputasi+Indonesia&transaction_id=102fc77cf5feb962c74859 d3263863, diakses 14 Mei 2015) 2.2 Situs-situs yang Di-Scraping 2.2.1 Gsmarena Gsmarena merupakan situs yang menyediakan informasi yang lengkap dan terperinci produk terbaru Handphone dan Tablets. Pelanggan dapat mengirimkan saran, kritik, dan keluhan tentang produk yang diinginkan. Gsmarena menyediakan ulasan handphone dan tablets untuk pengunjung dapat mendapatkan informasi keseluruhan dan spesifikasi yang detail untuk setiap produk. 15 Universitas Kristen Petra Gambar 2.14. Situs Gsmarena (Sumber: http://www.gsmarena.com/, diakses 26 Agustus 2015) 2.2.2 Lazada Lazada merupakan pusat belanja online yang menawarkan berbagai macam jenis produk mulai dari elektronik, buku, mainan anak, perlengkapan bayi, alat kesehatan, produk kecantikan, peralatan rumah tangga, perlengkapantravelling dan olah raga. Lazada Indonesia didirikan pada tahun 2012 dan merupakan bagian dari jaringan retail online Lazada di Asia Tenggara. Lazada International di Asia Tenggara beroperasi di Indonesia, Malaysia,Vietnam, Thailand, dan Filipina. Jaringan Lazada Asia Tenggara merupakan cabang anak perusahaan jaringan perusahaan internet Jerman, Rocket Internet. Rocket Internet merupakan perusahaan online incubator yang sukses menciptakan perusahaan- perusahaan online inovatif di berbagai belahan dunia. Berkantor pusat di Berlin, Jerman, proyek yang dimiliki Rocket Internet antara lain Zalando, TopTarif, eDarling, Groupon (sebelumnya CityDeal), dan lainnya. 16 Universitas Kristen Petra Gambar 2.15. Situs Lazada (Sumber: http://www.lazada.co.id/, diakses 17 Mei 2015) 2.2.3 Blibli Blibli merupakan salah satu e-commerce di Indonesia dengan konsep belanja online ala mall. Blibli mengharapkan masyarakat Indonesia yang terbiasa belanja di mall bisa menemukan barang yang mereka cari dengan mudah dan menyenangkan dimanapun dan kapanpun. Blibli adalah produk pertama PT Global Digital Niaga yang merupakan anak perusahaan Djarum dibidang digital yang didirikan pada tahun 2010. Blibli bekerja sama dengan teknologi provider kelas dunia, mitra logistik, banking partner, dan merchant partner dengan standar tertentu untuk menciptakan system back-end yang bisa memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna Blibli. 17 Universitas Kristen Petra Gambar 2.16. Situs Blibli (Sumber: http://www.blibli.com/, diakses 17 Mei 2015) 2.2.4 Dinomarket Dinomarket merupakan kepanjangan dari Digital Number One Market yang menyediakan berbagai macam peralatan elektronik, komputer, mainan anak, perlengkapan bayi, alat kesehatan, produk kecantikan, peralatan rumah tangga, peralatan olahraga, peralatan travelling, alat kantor, dan lainnya. Dinomarket didirikan pada bulan Juni tahun 2008 oleh Victor
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