[Dash et al. , 3(1): Jan-Mar., 2013] ISSN: 2277-5528 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & MANAGEMENT HISTORICAL PLACES OF LORD JAGANNATH PHILOSOPHY AND BUDDHISM ODISHA? Prabhulal Kumar Dash *1 , Krishna Mohan Panda 2 *1,2 Anchol College, Padmapur, Bargarh, Odisha, India ABSTRACT The main aim of this dissertation is to know the development and the impact of the Buddhism in the Western part of Odisha. In this dissertation, we focused on various parts like history, writings of different personalities, development of Buddhism Culture, and many more. Jagannath is a transcendental non-anthrop theistic Hindu god worshiped primarily by the people of Indian state of Orissa, and, to a great extent, West Bengal. In common belief, Jagannath is considered an aspect of the god Vishnu or avatar Krishna and worshipped as part of a triad along with brother Balabhadra deva and sister devi Subhadra.The icon of Jagannath is a carved and decorated wooden stump with large round eyes and with stumps as hands, with conspicuous absence of any legs. The worship procedures, practices, sacraments and rituals of Jagannath do not conform to those of classical Hinduism. The principal image of the deity at the temple city of Puri in the Indian state of Orissa is made of wood, which is an exception to common Hindu iconographic deities of stone. The origin and evolution of Jagannath worship as well as iconography is unclear and has been subject to intense academic debate. Arguably, Jagannath lacks any direct Vedic reference and is also not a member of the traditional Dashavatara conception or the classical Hindu pantheon, though in certain Oriya literary creations, Jagannath has been treated as the Ninth avatar, upon substituting Buddha. Jagannath is non-sectarian and has not been associated with any particular denomination of Hinduism in entirety, though there are several common aspects with Vaishnavism, Saivism, Shaktism, Smartism as well as Buddhism and Jainism. The oldest and most famous Jagannath deity is established in Puri, in Orissa. The temple of Jagannath in Puri is regarded as one of the Char Dham (sacred Hindu pilgrimage places) in India. INTRODUCTION The religion of Jagannath is the religion of Orissa is a holy land of different gods and Orissa. The history of Lord Jagannath is the goddesses. Lord Jagannath is the supreme history of Orissa. Kindness, benevolence, Lord of the land. Jagannath is the centre of tolerance, peace and tranquillity are the human conscience and consciousness. The ornaments of the philosophy which enrich cult of Lord Jagannath is the cult of Orissa. and deepen the sense of humanitarian values and Absolute freedom. The cult develop the Corresponding Author* mental insight to build up super human Email- [email protected] consciousness for obtaining liberation from materialistic needs and desires and to attain salvation and to merge with the absolute. Lord Jagannath is symbolic in Character. Int. J. of Engg. Sci. & Mgmt. (IJESM), Vol. 3, Issue 1: Jan.-Mar.: 2013, 5-19 [Dash et al. , 3(1): Jan-Mar., 2013] ISSN: 2277-5528 Some says he is the incarnation of Lord religion in the world where a common man Krishna, Others say he is the embodiment of see his Lord as his own family member who Lord Buddha, Siva and Bhairaba. The is an philosophy of Adveitabada of Hindu Guru Inseparable entity. It is based upon the Sankaracharya tells Aham Brahmasmi beliefs of Sarbajana Hitaya Sarbajana which means Brahma and the Soul are the Sukhaya that the cult is meant for the shake one and inseparable. He is dual as well as of well being of entire humanity of the one. He is Purusottama as well as universe. According to Indian classics only Sunyapurusa. This is the uniqueness of the the Brahmins have the rights to do the Vedic Jagannath philosophy. From Aryan to rituals of Lords. But with an exception. to Dravidian, from Saivites to Vaishnavites, that Jagannath Philosophy entails that every from Vedic to Tantric all the religious year during the time of athayatra the ideologies have been assimilated and Daitapati Sevakas of Lord Jagannath, the integrated in this universal philosophy of heirs of Savara King Biswabasu get the Lord Jagannath. The cult of Lord Jagannath opportunity to provide all services and is a beautiful combination of worldly and worship to Lord during his stay outside the cosmic realities. The speciality of the cult is temple. This practice depicts the humbleness that all the religions of the world has been and modesty of the religion. Kaibalya or merged within it to make it flexible, open Mahaprasad is called Arnabrahma, which and generous. Like all other religions it has destroy all evilness and enemity by not been narrowed down itself within certain extending the message of love, mutuality idealistic values and principles. The cult is and support. During different ceremonial based upon peak ideals of democracy, occasions, marriage andthread ceremony, humanitarian principle of equality, justice, Mahaprasad is distributed among the friends honesty and integrity, which purely and relatives. It is said that by offering the illustrates against the conservative outlook same it perpetuates the ties of friendship and of castism, sectarianism and any such other brotherhood. Not only in the holy deed but barriers for attainment of complete also after the death of the person after all universalism. Therefore, Jagannath has been Sanskaras are over, the friends and relatives called the Lord of the whole universe. From enter the home of the person only after Adveitabada of Hindu Guru Sankaracharya taking the Mahaprasad of Lord Jagannath. to message of rebirth in Gita it has always Buddhism is a religion indigenous to the enlightened the human consciousness for Indian subcontinent that encompasses a attainment of Moksha or salvation. The cult variety of traditions, beliefs and practices depicts that the ultimate end of self largely based on teachings attributed to realization is the merger of soul with Siddhartha Gautama, who is commonly Parramatta, the Satchitananda-Sat (Truth) + known as the Buddha (meaning "the Chit consciousness) +Ananda (Eternal awakened one" in Sanskrit and P āli). The joy).Jagannath Philosophy deeply influences Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part the social life, literature and culture of of the Indian subcontinent between the 6th Orissa, which makes the Oriyas, energetic and 4th centuries BCE.[1] He is recognized and sensitive. Every Oriya feels proud to by Buddhists as an awakened or enlightened express that Lord Jagannath as part and teacher who shared his insights to help parcel of his life is a family member to share sentient beings end suffering (dukkha) all his pleasure and pain. There is no other through eliminating ignorance (avidy ā) by Int. J. of Engg. Sci. & Mgmt. (IJESM), Vol. 3, Issue 1: Jan.-Mar.: 2013, 5-19 [Dash et al. , 3(1): Jan-Mar., 2013] ISSN: 2277-5528 way of understanding and seeing dependent and becoming a monastic; the development origination (prat ītyasamutp āda) and of mindfulness and practice of meditation; eliminating craving (ta ṇhā), and thus attain cultivation of higher wisdom and the highest happiness, nirv āņ a.Two major discernment; study of scriptures; devotional branches of Buddhism are generally practices; ceremonies; and in the Mahayana recognized: Theravada ("The School of the tradition, invocation of buddhas and Elders") and Mahayana ("The Great bodhisattvas.Jagannath is a transcendental Vehicle"). Theravada has a widespread non-anthrop theistic Hindu god worshiped following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia primarily by the people of Indian state of (Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar etc.). Orissa, and, to a great extent, West Bengal. Mahayana is found throughout East Asia In common belief, Jagannath is considered (China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Singapore, an aspect of the god Vishnu or avatar Taiwan etc.) and includes the traditions of Krishna and worshipped as part of a triad Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, along with brother Balabhadra deva and Tibetan Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai sister devi Subhadra.The icon of Jagannath (Tendai). In some classifications, is a carved and decorated wooden stump Vajrayana—practiced mainly in Tibet and with large round eyes and with stumps as Mongolia, and adjacent parts of China and hands, with conspicuous absence of any Russia—is recognized as a third branch, legs. The worship procedures, practices, while others classify it as a part of sacraments and rituals of Jagannath do not Mahayana.While Buddhism remains most conform with those of classical Hinduism. popular within Asia, both branches are now The principal image of the deity at the found throughout the world. Estimates of temple city of Puri in the Indian state of Buddhists worldwide vary significantly Orissa is made of wood, which is an depending on the way Buddhist adherence is exception to common Hindu iconographic defined. Conservative estimates are between deities of stone. The origin and evolution of 350–750 million.[3][4][5] Higher estimates Jagannath worship as well as iconography is are between 1.2 - 1.7 billion.[6][7][8] It is unclear and has been subject to intense also recognized as one of the fastest growing academic debate. Arguably, Jagannath lacks religions in the world.[9][10][11][12] any direct Vedic reference and is also not a Buddhist schools vary on the exact nature of member of the traditional Dashavatara the path to liberation, the importance and conception or the classical Hindu pantheon, canonicity of various teachings and though in certain Oriya literary creations, scriptures, and especially their respective Jagannath has been treated as the Ninth practices.[13] The foundations of Buddhist avatar, upon substituting Buddha. Jagannath tradition and practice are the Three Jewels: is non-sectarian and has not been associated the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and with any particular denomination of the Sangha (the community).