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Metropolis.Org METROPOLIS SÉouL 27-31 MAi2002 sur le développement des métropoles des grands évènements L’impact Commission 1 COMMISSION 1 L’IMPACT DES GRANDS ÉVÈNEMENTS SUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT DES MÉTROPOLES RAPPORT DE LA COMMISSION Présidence Coordination technique Paris Ile-de-France de la Commission Vice-présidence Institut d’Aménagement et d’Urbanisme Berlin de la Région Ile-de-France (Paris) Paul Lecroart Hélène Sallet-Lavorel Métropoles ayant participé aux travaux de la Commission Abidjan Barcelona Berlin Melbourne Paris Ile-de-France Rio de Janeiro Sevilla Shenyang Seoul Toronto The Hon. Tom Roper (Sydney) L’IMPACT DES GRANDS ÉVÈNEMENTS SUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT DES MÉTROPOLES 1 Rédaction du rapport : Paul Lecroart et Hélène Sallet-Lavorel, IAURIF, Paris Editor: Cristina Piquemal, Secretariat General of Metropolis Traduction en anglais : Discobole (Richard Jacques), Barcelona, Espagne Traduction en espagnol : Discobole (Nuria Caminero), Barcelona, Espagne Photo de couverture : Le Stade de France pendant la Coupe du Monde 1998 © Dreif - Gauthier © 2002, World Association of the Major Metropolises, Metropolis Ajuntament de Barcelona Plaça Sant Jaume, 1 08002 Barcelona (Spain) [email protected] www.metropolis.org Première édition, april 2002 Conception graphique : Dario Grossi Impression : Treballs Gràfics, SA Santander, 74 08020 Barcelona ISBN : 84-7609-955-x Dépôt légal : 18934-2002 SOMMAIRE GÉNÉRAL PRÉAMBULE........................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 INTRODUCTION GÉNÉRALE .............................................................................................................................................. 7 PARTIE I – RAPPORT DE SYNTHESE INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................................................... 9 1. DIVERSITÉ DES CAS ÉTUDIÉS....................................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Les característiques des métropoles étudiées.................................................................................................. 11 1.2 Des évènements très différents ................................................................................................................................ 11 2. LES OBJECTIFS DES MÉTROPOLES............................................................................................................................ 15 2.1 Des objectifs d’image et de reconnaissance internationale...................................................................... 15 2.2 Des objectifs économiques et touristiques........................................................................................................ 15 2.3 Des objectifs d’aménagement et de développement urbain................................................................... 16 2.4 Des objectifs spécifiques................................................................................................................................................ 16 3. QUELS IMPACTS LES GRANDS ÉVÈNEMENTS ONT-ILS SUR LE METROPOLES ?................. 17 3.1 L’impact sur l’image........................................................................................................................................................... 17 3.2 L’impact sur l’aménagement urbain......................................................................................................................... 18 3.3 L’impact sur l’environnement...................................................................................................................................... 20 3.4 L’impact sur le développement économique et touristique .................................................................... 21 3.5 L’impact sur les finances publiques .......................................................................................................................... 25 3.6 L’impact sur les acteurs .................................................................................................................................................. 27 4. RÉUSSIR UN GRAND ÉVÈNEMENT : FACTEURS FAVORABLES ......................................................... 29 4.1 Vision et stratégie à long terme................................................................................................................................ 30 4.2 Préparation et organisation de l’évènement...................................................................................................... 31 4.3 Valorisation de l’après évènement........................................................................................................................... 34 5. CONCLUSIONS ET RECOMMANDATIONS....................................................................................................... 39 5.1 Organiser un grand évènement : un luxe de métropoles riches ?....................................................... 39 5.2 Renforcer les solidarités internes des métropoles......................................................................................... 40 5.3 Renforcer les capacités d’organisation des métropoles.............................................................................. 40 5.4 Renforcer la coopération internationale.............................................................................................................. 42 PARTIE II – FICHES DE CAS INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................................................... 45 Fiche 1. Barcelona : des JO de 1992 au Forum Universel des Cultures de 2004.......................... 47 Fiche 2. Berlin : de la candidature aux JO 2000 à la Coupe du Monde de Football 2006....... 53 Fiche 3. Melbourne : les Jeux du Commonwealth 2006................................................................................ 57 Fiche 4. Paris Ile-de-France : la Coupe du Monde de Football 1998..................................................... 60 Fiche 5. Rio de Janeiro : le Carnaval........................................................................................................................... 64 Fiche 6. Seville : de l’Expo’92 aux Championnats du Monde d’Athlétisme 1999........................... 66 Fiche 7. Shenyang : le Mois International de l’Amitié 1999.......................................................................... 72 Fiche 8. Toronto : les Journées Mondiales de la Jeunesse 2002................................................................ 74 L’IMPACT DES GRANDS ÉVÈNEMENTS SUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT DES MÉTROPOLES 3 CONTRIBUTIONS Contribution 1. Le marketing urbain stratégique, un enjeu-clé des évènements sportifs mondiaux. L’expérience de Séoul .............................................................................. 00 Contribution 2. Des jeux Olympiques à Berlin?........................................................................................................ 00 Contribution 3. L’Institut de Promotion du Sport de Séville, un outil pour préparer au quotidien la candidature aux Jeux Olympiques.............................................................. 00 Contribution 4. Les Jeux Olympiques de Sydney et leur impact sur le développement................. 00 Contribution 5. Le Sambodrome de Rio : quels usages pour un équipement métropolitain original ?......................................................................................................................... 00 Contribution 6. Les Championnats du Monde d’athlétisme Paris 2003 Saint-Denis : héritage de la Coupe du Monde 1998 et enjeux................................................................ 00 Contribution 7. Les enjeux d’aménagement de l’Exposition Internationale Seine-Saint-Denis 2004........................................................................................................................ 00 Contribution 8. Barcelone entre deux évènements, les Jeux 1992 et le Forum 2004 : impacts économiques et urbains.................................................................................................... 00 NOTES Note 1. Stratégie.......................................................................................................................................................................... 00 Note 2. Aménagement et développement urbain.................................................................................................. 00 Note 3. Transports et gestion des flux.......................................................................................................................... 00 Note 4. Tourisme, accueil et fête...................................................................................................................................... 00 Note 5. Impact socio-économique................................................................................................................................... 00 Note 6. Aspects financiers..................................................................................................................................................... 00 Note 7. Sécurité..........................................................................................................................................................................
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