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"Il Fortunato Incontro Con Il Signor Cai" Di Sha Yexin: Una Proposta Di Traduzione

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Corso di Laurea magistrale in Interpretariato e Traduzione Editoriale, Settoriale Tesi di Laurea "Il fortunato incontro con il Signor Cai" di Sha Yexin: una proposta di traduzione Relatore Ch. Prof. Federica Passi Laureando Jessica Panzini Matricola 986570 Anno Accademico 2011/2012 A mia madre 2 INDICE ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... 5 摘要 ..................................................................................................................................... 6 CAPITOLO 1 - L’UNIVERSITA’ DI PECHINO E CAI YUANPEI ........................... 9 1.1 Cai Yuanpei ..................................................................................................... 10 1.2 Cai Yuanpei, il nuovo rettore ......................................................................... 11 1.3 Le rivolte studentesche ................................................................................... 13 CAPITOLO 2 - IL TEATRO DI SHA YEXIN ............................................................. 15 2.1 Il Signor Sha e il Signor Cai ........................................................................... 18 CAPITOLO 3 - IL FORTUNATO INCONTRO CON IL SIGNOR CAI.................. 22 CAPITOLO 4 - COMMENTO TRADUTTOLOGICO ............................................ 115 4.1 Identificazione della tipologia testuale ........................................................ 115 4.2 Individuazione della dominante .................................................................. 116 4.3 Scelta del lettore modello ............................................................................. 118 4.4 Illustrazione della macro strategia traduttiva ............................................ 121 4.5 Cambiamenti traduttologici ......................................................................... 123 4.6 Cambiamenti sintattici ................................................................................. 129 4.7 L’omissione .................................................................................................... 129 4.8 L’aggiunta ...................................................................................................... 132 4.9 Problemi traduttivi - Fattori fonologici ...................................................... 134 4.10 Fattori lessicali- Semantica .......................................................................... 139 4.11 Giochi di parole ............................................................................................. 145 4.12 Realia .............................................................................................................. 150 4.12.1 Realia geografici .................................................................................... 150 4.12.2 Realia etnografici ................................................................................... 152 4.12.3 Realia politici e sociali ........................................................................... 153 4.13 I nomi propri ................................................................................................. 155 3 4.14 Registro .......................................................................................................... 157 4.15 Insulti e turpiloqui ........................................................................................ 161 4.16 Fattori testuali ............................................................................................... 164 4.16.1 Organizzazione sintattica e tematica ................................................... 164 4.16.2 Punteggiatura ......................................................................................... 165 4.17 Riferimenti culturali ..................................................................................... 167 4.18 Frasi fatte, modi di dire e idiotismi ............................................................. 168 4.19 Fenomeni culturali ........................................................................................ 172 GLOSSARIO ................................................................................................................. 176 BIBLIOGRAFIA ........................................................................................................... 184 ARTICOLI DI RIVISTE .............................................................................................. 186 SITOGRAFIA ................................................................................................................ 187 DIZIONARI DI RIFERIMENTO ................................................................................ 188 4 ABSTRACT This paper deals with the translation of The Fortunate Meeting with Mr. Cai (Xingyu xiansheng Cai 幸遇先生蔡), a contemporary drama written by Sha Yexin in 2001. Sha Yexin is one of the most famous contemporary Chinese dramatists, signatory of Charter ’08. Best known for Jesus, Confucius and the Beatle Lennon published in 1988 on Shiyue magazine, If I Were for Real, criticizing the corruption of the Chinese Communist Party, and Jiang Qing and her husbands, telling the life story of Mao Zedong last wife. The drama takes place in Beijing during 1917-1919, describing the May Fourth Movement and the cultural reforms of those years, through the life of one of the most important historical characters of that period, Cai Yuanpei, President of Peking University. Sha Yexin puts on stage a historical drama, based on real characters and real events, giving us a portrait of the cultural and historical environment of a city animated by Chen Duxiu, Cai Yuanpei, Fu Sinian and by the students’ protests after the unequal treaties of 1919. Through a deep analysis of the drama, we can discover intimate aspects of the most important historical Chinese characters of that era. The will to face a translation that concerns more areas, guided me to handle this text, that not only refers to Chinese culture and history, but also literature, medicine and gastronomy, without leaving out the complexity of facing a theatrical text that has to have a functional language, even in a culture so far from Chinese culture. 5 摘要 本文是沙叶新先生２００１年戏剧作品《幸运先生蔡》的译本。 沙叶新是中国当代享誉盛名的剧作家，零八宪章签署者, 生于 1939 年，江苏南 京人。1988 年创作的话剧《耶稣•孔子•披头士列侬》发表于《十月》杂志。他 的作品多以戏剧为主，因其写作视角独特，并对中国社会带有强烈的批判主义 色彩，顾其作品多有争议，得过奖，也挨过批。其剧作《假如我是真的》、 《马克思秘史》、《江青和她的丈夫们》等，引起世界强烈反响。 《幸运先生蔡》就是最有意思剧作之一。该剧 1917－1919 年间在北京举行。 本剧以１９１９年中国重要的“五四”文化运动为背景。通过重要的历史事件和 领导学生运动的重要人物——蔡元培，陈独秀，傅斯年等；将历史真实画面又 重现在现代舞台。通过对本剧的深入分析，我们不但可以对当时的中国历史事 件有所了解，还可以使我们对中国的社会，经济，文化，生活；甚至医学和美 食等都有更深刻和全新的认识。通过这篇戏剧文章的翻译，我想挑战剧本对话 翻译的难度和复杂性。 6 INTRODUZIONE Questa tesi nasce con l’intento di dar seguito a un percorso di traduzione teatrale che si è sviluppato durante tutto il biennio del corso di laurea ITES. Durante gli anni 2010-2012, infatti, sono stati elaborati due progetti teatrali che hanno riscosso particolare interesse non solo in ambiente accademico, ma anche tra il pubblico meno esperto. I due progetti ai quali si fa riferimento sono lo spettacolo teatrale Gesù, Confucio e John Lennon e Love in Shakespeare, entrambi portati in scena alla fine di ogni anno accademico. Il primo spettacolo, del 2011, è nato grazie al lavoro del laboratorio Ca’os Foscari, che ha voluto affrontare un lavoro su due piani, quello della traduzione del testo teatrale di Sha Yexin, e quello della messa in scena. Del 2012 è il progetto di Love in Shakespeare, sotto la supervisione dei professori Jimmy Lam e Nicoletta Pesaro, anch’esso sviluppato all’interno del laboratorio Ca’os Foscari per il quale sono stati tradotti alcuni brani tratti dalle opere più famose di Shakespeare in italiano, cinese, spagnolo e giapponese e successivamente messi in scena. La mia tesi, quindi, va a collocarsi al termine di un percorso di traduzione teatrale di due anni, che mi ha permesso di conoscere per la prima volta l’opera di Sha Yexin, un autore anticonformista e ironico sul quale ho voluto incentrare il mio lavoro di traduzione. La scelta del testo da tradurre è stata guidata dalla volontà di affrontare un testo che andasse a toccare vari ambiti della cultura cinese, in modo da ottenere una traduzione che possiamo considerare come un ipertesto: attraverso lo scenario storico, Sha Yexin presenta al pubblico molti elementi culturali della Cina dell’inizio del Novecento, come il vestiario, la gastronomia, la medicina tradizionale, la letteratura, i circoli culturali ecc., inseriti in un testo teatrale che presenta anche alcune caratteristiche dei testi specialistici. Per la presenza di questi elementi, la mia tesi ha richiesto un lavoro su tre livelli, e cioè quello di traduzione ma anche quello di approfondimento storico e culturale, tramite l’ausilio di manuali di storia e civiltà. La peculiarità del mio lavoro risiede proprio in questo: è in grado di fornire un quadro storico e culturale dettagliato di un’epoca di fondamentale importanza, e ritengo che possa avere un ruolo d’interesse per quegli studenti di lingua cinese che 7 vogliano approfondire non solo l’aspetto della traduzione teatrale, ma anche l’aspetto storico, sociale e culturale del movimento del Quattro Maggio. Sarà fornita, innanzitutto, una breve presentazione della storia dell’Università di Pechino, della figura del Rettore Cai Yuanpei, ma soprattutto un’introduzione al teatro di Sha Yexin. Nel capitolo successivo è presentata l’opera tradotta, alla quale farà seguito il commento traduttologico. È stato inserito anche un breve glossario dei nomi, che si è rivelato necessario
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