VOLUME: 9 WINTER 2008 Jean Gran-Aymerich reviewed the XXXVI Convegno di entalizzante di "tipo Greco" fra distribution of Etruscan objects at dif- Campania settentrionale, Latium Vetus ferent sites around the western Studi Etruschi ed Italici ed Etruria. Mediterranean, and gave particular Gli Etruschi e la Campania Enrico Benelli, Francesco Cifarelli, attention to objects that are used as Settentrionale Sandra Gatti, Materiali e tipi ceramici votives. These dedications were made Caserta, Santa Maria Capua arcaici tra Abruzzo, Campania setten- at the peak of Etruscan maritime com- Vetere, Capua, Teano trionale e Lazio meridionale interno: merce in the archaic period and add an 11-15 November 2007 tradizioni locali e circolazione di mod- important dimension to the activities of elli. traders at this time. L. Bouke van der The theme of the 36th Meeting of Mariassunta Cuozzo, Ceramiche di Meer analyzed the liber linteus Zagrab the Istituto di Studi Etruschi, the tipo protocornizio e italo-geometrico iensis and revealed the wealth of infor- Etruscans and northern Campania, was tra Campania ed Etruria. mation about Etruscan cosmology and interpreted as referring both to the Giovanni Colonna, Tra Volturno e deities that can be gleaned from this Etruscan presence in Campania, and the Garigliano: tradizioni etniche ed iden- important text. Among other things, he local situations in various areas. tità culturali. discussed the evidence for locating this Caserta, November 11: Stefania Quilici Gigli, Carta arche- Jean MacIntosh in 1970 (Photo Maria Bonghi Jovino, Capua pre- courtesy of Ingrid Edlund-Berry) calendar at Perugia. Gregory Warden ologica della Campania settentrionale: shared new evidence from fieldwork at romana e dintorni. Linaementi della dati delle ricerche in corso. Poggio Colla where the investigation of ricerca storico-archeologica. Cristina Chiaramonte Treré, Gli Unveiling Etruscan different phases of the temple on the Maria Luisa Nava, La protostoria Ausoni/Aurunci e le aristocrazie cen- Ritual acropolis has revealed a variety of ritu- nella Campania settentrionale: la situ- tro-italiche: identità etniche e differen- A conference in honor al and votive activity. azione attuale. ziazioni culturali tra VII e VI secolo Ingrid Edlund-Berry considered the Gianluca Tagliamonte,La Campania a.C. Alcuni spunti. of Jean MacIntosh Turfa manner in which temples came to be preromana nelle collezioni del Museo Fernando Gilotta, Trasmissione di by Margarita Gleba and Hilary dedicated in Etruria, and gave particular Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli: un modelli in età arcaica in Campania Becker attention to the question of whether the progetto di riordinamento. settentrionale: Cales e Capua. Etruscan temples themselves could Santa Maria Capua Vetere Fulvia Lo Schiavo, Elisabetta On November 17, 2007, the interna- have been votive offerings. Natalie November 12: Bocci, Lucia Pagnini, Gabriella tional symposium, "Unveiling Etruscan Stevens examined the significance of Bruno d'Agostino, Gli Etruschi e gli Poggesi, Rapporti fra l'Etruria setten- Ritual" was held at the University of the orientation of Etruscan temples and altri nella Campania settentrionale. trionale interna e il territorio di Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology altars; she looked for patterns among Vincenzo Bellelli, La ceramica ori- Continued on page 9 and Anthropology in Philadelphia in the deities worshipped at particular Cave may hold Secrets Domed ceiling of cave with designs order to honor the work of Jean temples and reassessed what we know formed by mosaics and seashells. MacIntosh Turfa. This symposium about the celestial division of the sky. to Legend of Ancient Drilled hole visible on right. offered an opportunity to explore less- Hilary Becker looked at the religious emphasized areas of Etruscan religion activity that occurred around the sanc- Rome and to probe at the workings of tuary, and looked for the economic and by Peter Kiefer Etruscan religious ritual at the individ- social significance of votive and sacrifi- ual and community levels. The event cial behavior. Reprinted from the New York Times was sponsored by the University Marshall Becker’s paper explored ROME, Nov. 20 -- Italian archaeolo- Museum, the Center for Ancient the process that occurred before burials gists have inched closer to unearthing Studies, the Department of the History and the rituals performed by the living the secrets behind one of Western civi- of Art at the University of Pennsylvania for the dead; he demonstrated the quan- lization's most enduring legends. The and the Philadelphia Society of the tity and quality of information that can Italian government on Tuesday released Archaeological Institute of America. be gleaned from osteological remains the first images of a deep cavern where Participants from the United States, the for our understanding of cremation bur- some archaeologists believe ancient Netherlands, France and Denmark con- ial ritual. Ann Blair Brownlee and Romans honoured Romulus and sidered ritual activities through a vari- Richard De Puma examined a specific Remus, the legendary founders of ety of different interdisciplinary meth- case of an Etruscan tomb group from Rome. ods, and investigated subjects such as Vulci and demonstrated the importance The cavern, now buried 50 feet the giving of dedications, the building of knowing the history of a collection under the ruins of Emperor Augustus' of temples, temple orientations, the cos- for any subsesquent interpretation. The palace on the Palatine Hill, is about 23 tumes appropriate for special occasions paper of Larissa Bonfante explored feet high and 21 feet in diameter and the nature of the gods. Continued on page 12 Continued on page 5 LETTERS TO THE EDITORS

Dear Editors, institutions that have regularly offered of the Etruscans,editedbyde Dear Editors: papers and panels on Etruscan sub- Grummond and Simon (2006). (Ed.) I'm an amateur with an interest in I would like to support Etruscan and jects, and we welcome signs of an Dear Larissa, classical archaeology and I enjoy your Italic studies in my community. I'll be increased interest in Etruscan studies. I recently received the back issues newsletter even though I don't under- sure to send off a check of $25 to get The U.S. Section will collaborate in the of the Etruscan News as was promised. stand all the details in the articles! (I'm paper copies, and I will be happy to do organization of a conference to be held Thank you, again, so much! This com- waiting in suspense for a final determi- what I can to distribute, solicit articles, in New York in the fall of 2009, for pletes our collection. We will be main- nation to be made as to the date of ori- organize, etc. Of course, I will be very which planning is now under way. taining a full subscription of the paper gin of Lupa!) interested to get to know Lisa (Ed.) starting in Jan. '08. Having visited Epidaurus and Pieraccini, and perhaps we can brain- Dear Editors: Thanks again. Sincerely, experienced its amazing acoustics I storm ways to promote Etruscan and Mark Santangelo read with interest the article by Philip Italic studies on the West Coast. Thank you for the latest Etruscan Onassis Library Ball in the Summer 2007 issue. One On Samnites and Pythagoreanism: News! This issue is the best so far, very The Metropolitan Museum of Art sentence puzzled me, however. He I'm writing an article now that discuss- speaks of Epidaurus as having "the comprehensive, with intriguing articles. Dear Editors, es the Samnite strategos Gaius Pontius Congratulations too for the excellent classic semicircular shape of a Greek Corriere della Sera "Cerveteri, La who, Cicero claims, visited Archytas format of the online version: the quality amphitheatre". Does he not mean the necropoli del miraculo," announced and Plato in Taras and listened to the is very good, both viewed on the com- classic shape of a Greek theatre? It's my today some big finds at Cerveteri, a former speak about the ethics of moder- puter screen and printed out, since it fits understanding that an amphitheatre has piazza and two new tombs. The archae- ation. This comes to be significant perfectly the A4 size of normal printers. the shape of two theaters joined at their ologist is Vittoria Carulli. I tried to pick since other historians, roughly contem- I have already given a copy to Vincenzo open sides. the article off their website, but it does poraneous with (Livy) and reliant upon Bellelli, and I have told colleagues Sincerely, not come up. The find was in the area of (Appian) the writings of Cicero, attrib- about the Internet site. I congratulate Cynthia S. Thompson the Tomba delle Cinque Sedie. uteanethicsofsophrosune to Pontius. you again, and thank you for the atten- Hanover, NH [email protected] Also, the mytho-historical Okkelos tion with which you carry out this proj- With best wishes, Lukanos was a Pythagorean, and we ect, so useful to colleagues everywhere. We are very grateful to our sharp-eyed have several fragments preserved of his Frederick E. Brenk, S.J. reader and apologize for this error, Pontifical Biblical Institute On Law and On the Nature of the My best wishes, which escaped our notice. (Ed) Universe (though all appear to be late Adriana Emiliozzi 4th c. B.C.E. forgeries). They are ISCIMA, Rome ETRUSCAN NEWS interesting for their value in connecting Dear Editors, Editorial Board, Issue #9, December 2007 political thought, natural physics, and personal ethics in a uniquely (i.e. not Thank you for including the beauti- Greek-Ionian) Pythagorean way. But President of the U.S. Larissa Bonfante [email protected] ful photograph of the catafalque. all of this is in an article in which I pro- Section of the Istituto Classics Department (Because I teach in Ypsilanti, I can't pose to investigate whether or not there di Studi Etruschi ed New York University avoid mention of the small statue of the were Magoi in Italy. It's mighty convo- Italici, ex officio 100 Washington Square East city's namesake on the third floor luted -- many a twist and turn -- but I Silver Building, Room 503 exhibit in the Beineke in Athens in hope it's not too dark a labyrinth. New York, NY 10003 repose on a very similar catafalque. I Actually, does the Istituto have its believe Ypsilanti died before the dis- own AIA or APA panel? Editor-in-Chief Jane Whitehead [email protected] covery, so the similarity must be acci- Modern and Classical dental.) Best, Languages I'm also thrilled to read of Colonna's Philip Sydney Horky Valdosta State University discovery of more biography of T.V.!! Postdoctoral Fellow Valdosta, GA 31698 Question: what do we know about in the Humanities the Etruscan calendar? I'm at work on a Stanford, CA Language Page Editor Rex Wallace [email protected] separate study of the ritual calendar [email protected] Classics Department implied by the Pyrgi text. It appears to UMass Amherst be fundamentally Egyptian. I wonder Thank you for your letter and your Amherst, MA 01003 whether the Etruscan calendar relates to interest in promoting Etruscan News. the Egyptian or not? We do hope to bring readers together Book Review Editor Francesco de Angelis [email protected] and for that reason the U.S. Section of Art History and Archaeology Philip C. Schmitz, Ph.D. the Istituto holds a reception at the Columbia University Department of History and AIA/APA Annual Meeting to which we New York, NY 10027 Philosophy invite our colleagues, students, and Eastern Michigan University loyal readers. This year’s reception will Layout and Design Gary Enea be Jan. 4, 10:00-12:00pm, Chicago All questions concerning the Grand Hyatt at Soldiers Field. Submissions, news, pictures, or other material appropriate to this newsletter may Etruscan calendar should be addressed As far as organizing a panel at the be sent to any of the editors listed above. The email address is preferred. For to Jean MacIntosh Turfa, who pub- meeting, we are happy that there have submissions guidelines, see Etruscan News 3 (2003) 9. Nominations for mem- lished a translation of the brontoscopic been so many individual scholars and bership in the Section may be sent to Larissa Bonfante at the above address. calendar as Appendix A in The Religion Page 2 Letter from Volterra terracotta cinerary urns carved with by Larissa Bonfante mythological scenes, with often touch- ing images of the deceased reclining on Our bus drove up the steep hill until we the lids. The terracotta lid with an old reached the Etruscan walls of the couple, displayed in a separate room, ancient city, built in the fourth century inspires heated disussions: is it an older B.C., as in most Etruscan cities, as a couple, realistically rendered with all defense against the marauding Gauls. their wrinkles, together in death as in Our archaeological group touring life, or is the man looking far off, away Etruscan places was due to spend two from the female demon who has come nights in Volterra; we would be staying to claim him for the Underworld? in a medieval convent transformed into Marjatta Nielsen has convincingly 1 a comfortable hotel, learning about the argued that is in an old couple. ancient craft of alabaster carving from a Whatever the intention of the artist, the modern craftsman whom we observed monument retains a special aura, recall as he carved out an alabaster cup, and ing the mystery of death. Can you find the cats in Largo Argentino? (Photo by Joy Shiller). visiting monuments of the city's But it was the afternoon we spent at Letter to our Readers the Volterra exhibit, Gli Etruschi di Etruscan past. It is a past that is not Dear Readers: very far away from the modern Volterra. Capolavori da Grandi Musei 2 Until the last minute the theme of the current issue was to be "conferences," and Volterra. Alabaster carving, for exam- Europei, that most excited us. Among the wealth of important and intriguing indeed, the first page features two recent Etruscan conferences. The XXVI ple,the ancient specialty of the city, Convegno of the Istituto di Studi Etruschi ed Italici on "Etruscans in Northern continues to be practiced, though the objects, beautifully displayed, the two large-scale statues from nearby Casale Campania," was held in the splendid 18th century Reggia of Caserta as well as at demand for alabaster objects is less than Capua and Teano. On our own continent there was an international symposium at it was in the '50s, when every street was Marittimo stood out. Discovered in 1987 but only recently exhibited and the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology in lined with workshops. Run by Piero Philadelphia in honor of Jean MacIntosh Turfa, dear colleague and legendary Fiumi, the son of the legendary Enrico published by Anna Maria Esposito 3 teacher. Previously a conference on the Etruscans took place in Turkey (not attend- Fiumi, former director of the archaeo- (1999), they are unique, and uniquely fascinating. We discussed their gender ed by any of your editors), where (we hear), on the basis of DNA evidence, logical museum, Rossi's alabaster facto- Etruscan cows were celebrated to have come from Turkish ancestors. ry still does a brisk business, both at the based on their dress and hairstyles, which we were able to examine close But now the Lupa controversy has emerged again and presented a new facet, store and worldwide, by export. also featured on our front page. A cavity in the Palatine Hill has been brought to Inhabitants of Volterra are perhaps up. They have been generally identified as two males; but the back braid of one, light and identified as the ancient and revered cave where the Lupa nursed Romulus the most traditionally-minded heirs of and Remus. Some scholars, however, have met this news with scepticism, and the ancient Etruscan cities; they are definitely the female fashion of the sev- enth century, identifies it as female. again we have included the discussion in the current issue. proud of their Etruscan heritage and of The next issue will be our tenth. We very much want our readers to join us in their craftsmanship. A formal They would therefore represent the 4 celebrating this event. Readers have been sending us letters, news, and material, ceremony in the Town Hall, complete usual Etruscan couple. The fact that they wear short pants (perizomata) and and we would like to have even more of these included in the next issue, whose with medieval costumes and trumpet theme would be "collaboration." Our book review and language page editors blasts, used to accompany the presenta- decorated belts, and that the breasts are not emphasized, is not a problem, would also welcome letters, suggestions, and material. We especially welcome tion of a prize, the Ombra della Sera, to international contributions, from the three other foreign sections of the Istituto - scholars, journalists, and artists who because there are examples of smaller images dressed in the same manner. France, Germany, and Austria -- as well as from other countries where we have had celebrated Volterra in their works. readers and colleagues. In recent years, Etruscan News has been published twice A local driver once explained to me The opportunity to walk around these two images and make them a part of our a year, one issue appearing in time to be distributed at the Annual Meeting of the proudly, "At Volterra we don'teat at AIA/APA, and the other emerging before summer scatters our readers and our noon; we eat at one." They are not group as we walked about them was exhilarating.5 editors. In terms of deadlines, this means that the editors must have the material factory workers, who have their noon- We learned of the sudden death at when they meet, that is, by early November (in time for Thanksgiving), and by day meal when the whistle blows at 51, on September 29, of Gabriele late April (before one editor leaves for her field excavation.) We will also wel- twelve o'clock; the citizens of Volterra Cateni, who had been the guiding spirit come individual collaborators. We were happy to have Jean Gran-Aymerich join- are independent craftsmen, and they eat behind the exhibit. It had shocked and ing us in New York on his way back from Philadelphia as we were preparing this at one o'clock. saddened his collaborators, and the issue, to which he contributed an article on far-flung Etruscan inscriptions. In October of this year we visited whole city whose ancient heritage was This issue, then, features conferences, controversies, and collaborations. As a the Etruscan gate with the heads of being celebrated. As Director of the preview of coming attractions, our readers can look forward to the announcement divinities -- carefully protected during Guarnacci Museum since the 1970s, he of an Etruscan conference in New York in the fall of 2009. the World War so that it survived the was the successor of Enrico Fiumi, Web site: www.nyu.edu/fas/center/ancientstudies Larissa Bonfante bombings as it had survived the cen- whose work he knew well and admired: Jane Whitehead turies -- and the Roman theatre excavat- he had recently edited a reprint of ed by Enrico Fiumi, and we admired the Fiumi's work, Volterra etrusca e SUBSCRIPTION FORM Guarnacci Museum's archaeological romana, to commemorate his death thir- The suggested contribution for an individual subscription to Etruscan News is $ 25.00 per year. treasures, which illustrate the history of ty years ago. We send our condolences We welcome donations of any amount. Please remit this form with a check payable to: the ancient city from Villanovan times: ISSEI- Etruscan News, to Larissa Bonfante, Classics Department, 100 Washington Square East, to the city that mourns this loss. Silver Building , Rooom 503, New York University, New York NY 10003. the characteristic seventh-century Please send me Etruscan News. I would like ______subscriptions at $ 25.00 each Notes funerary stelae, the charming bronzetti I would also like to make a donation of______to help develop and expand the projects 1. Marjatta Nielsen, “‘I vecchi sposi.’ Ein at the U.S section of the Istituto di Studi Etruschi ed Italici. The total amount enclosed is______and the remarkable elongated Ombra Berümtes Ehepaar,” in Stephan Steingräber Name:______Address:______della Sera, the life-size kourotrophos Volterra City:______State or Province:______and Horst Blanck, eds., (Mainz Postal Code:______Country:______Maffei, and the Hellenistic alabaster or 2002) 68-76. Continued on page 8 Page 3 ARTICLES hypocaust. Preliminary Report of Quadrants opened within the struc- the Excavation of the ture, where Ciotti (and others) have pre- Baths at Carsulae viously dug, typically yield very few artifacts or pottery. On the exterior of by Jane K. Whitehead the building, however, where the soil overburden is deep, the finds are volu- minous. The small object finds continue The third season of excavation of to suggest a feminine presence: many the baths at Carsulae took place in a six- glass sherds from very delicate vessels, week program from June 10 to July 21, and two beads, one of glass and one of 2007, under the direction of Prof. Jane carved black shell. Fragments of nine K. Whitehead of Valdosta State oil lamps may offer some parallels for University (Georgia, USA). This sea- dating the use of the building. Eight son's excavation expanded out of the coins, seven bronze and one silver, are area of the apse and opened the western in poor condition and have little that area of the rectangular room, which last could be discerned, but perhaps x-rays year we had determined rested on a might reveal something. Another brick double-level hypocaust (Plan, fig. 1). stamp, found in one of the newly Although our excavation this year opened squares in the rectangular room, revealed many architectural features strongly resembles one found in the that contribute to our understanding of apse last year. Several sherds of ver- how the structure developed and how it nice nera turned up in various loci, functioned, at every turn we came upon unfortunately not in the contexts of evidence that the previous excavator, their original use. Nonetheless, their Umberto Ciotti, had been there before consistent presence suggests that the us. Since he left us no excavation site was in use in the late 3rd century records, it is our chief task to give sci- B.C. entific documentation to this important The 2007 excavation at Carsulae monument. Thus, it is disturbing to see has given us some important new how very much of the original context insights into both the structure of the has been removed or destroyed. baths and the phases of their rebuilding, Several people from the San Gemini but it has also left us with more myster- and Carsulae area who dug with Ciotti ies. For the other displaced architectur- have come forward to tell of his meth- Fig. 1: Plan of the Area of the Baths at Carsulae excavated 2007. al elements that have turned up around ods. It is hard to know how much cre- the site, we can know or guess where in water. The column was found,encrusted dence to attach to these reports, but it the baths they had been reused and why, with concrete, under a wall, which had Fig. 2: Column with its shaft carved may be a good idea in future seasons to but not where they came from or who been built in the form of a partial vault with a design of overlapping try to find some of Ciotti's workmen removed them from their second loca- to cover it. This wall appears on Ciotti's leaves; found buried beneath a and interview them. tion. For the buried column, however, map of the baths, and we found it on the wall extending southward from the In our attempt to reconstruct the his- we cannot yet guess the answer to any surface in our study season of 2004; it bath. tory, not only of the baths, but also of of those questions, and are left with runs south from the southern wall of the wall to accommodate the insertion of their various excavations and pillag- even more: why was it buried and by rectangular room. the end of the southern arc of the apse. ings, we have concentrated on architec- whom? Most of the architectural finds this Beneath the soldiers, the vertically tural elements that have been torn from This season has also confirmed season, however, were less puzzling placed bricks in the exterior of the south their original contexts and either tossed some of our earlier conclusions, name- and more illuminating. We excavated wall of the rectangular room, appeared outside the structure or reused for pur- ly, that the bath had undergone cen- the last quadrant of soil remaining in a drain. New quadrants opened to the poses for which they were not intended. turies of building and rebuilding, and the apse, SB-1 SE, to trace the south- east of the previously exposed mosaic This season again did not disappoint us that it seems to have been reserved for ward continuation of the double-story floors yielded evidence that the double- in this regard. The most puzzling of women and, very likely, for their heal- hypocaust and its relationship to the story hypocaust continued eastward. these odd finds is a small, decorative ing. column (fig. 2), sculpted with an over- western wall of the rectangular room. Traces of mosaic pavements, one of all design of overlapping leaves, a form We found that, beneath the hypocaust- them white with wide red stripes, indi- Notes floor of the apse, the wall continued and cate that it was from here that the finer that resembles one of the columns of 1. T.B.L. Webster, Arts of the World: Ptolemy's pleasure tent,1 and turns up in was coated with the same hydraulic mosaic floors had been robbed out. To Hellenistic Greece (New York) fig. 10. elongated form in Third and Fourth plaster as we had discovered last year the south of the largest slabs of pre- coating that wall on the exterior of the served mosaic floors appeared, slipping 2 Thanks to Wendy Hallinan for find- Style Pompeian wall paintings. It is ing this connection. also one of the shaft patterns on the building. There would be no reason to from place, two cocciopesto slabs, their columns of the Temple of Clitumnus plaster an interior wall of the sub-floor; edges originally faced with marble; above the famous sacred spring;2 this this must indicate that that apse was these must have been steps leading brings the baths at Carsulae again into added later. In fact, a shallow niche downward into the apse, which held a connection with healing and sacred seems to have been cut into the straight pool heated by the double-story Page 4 Cave may hold Secrets Controversy on the Discovery of the Lupercal The Fanum Voltumnae is continued from page 1 by Francesco de Angelis Found at Orvieto by David Willey Photographs taken by a camera Not everybody is convinced by the to some elements that appear to contra- BBC News, Rome probe show a domed cavern decorated identification of the newly discovered dict the suggested identification. Both After seven hot summers of digging, an with extremely well-preserved colored room as the Lupercal. In particular quote Dionysius of Halicarnassus, who Italian archaeological team believe they mosaics and seashells (fig. 2). At the Adriano La Regina (former establishes the location of the Lupercal have discovered one of the most impor- center of the vault is a painted white Soprintendente for the Archaeological in relation to the temples of Magna tant sites of the ancient world. The eagle, a symbol of the Roman Empire. Heritage of Latium) and Fausto Zevi Mater and Victoria on the Palatine, not Fanum Voltumnae, a shrine, market- "This could reasonably be the place (professor of Archaeology at "La to the temple of Apollo, beneath which place and Etruscan political centre, was bearing witness to the myth of Rome", Sapienza" University in Rome) warn the alleged Lupercal is situated. situated in the upper part of the Tiber Francesco Rutelli, Italy's culture minis- against premature hypotheses and point According to them, since Dionysius river valley. It lies at the foot of a huge ter, said Tuesday at a news conference was writing in an age when the temple outcrop of rock, upon which is perched in Rome at which half a dozen photo- of Apollo already existed (it had been the mediaeval city of Orvieto. A walled graphs were displayed for journalists. dedicated by Augustus in 28 B.C.), he sanctuary area, 5.m.-wide (16 ft.) The legend concerns the Lupercal, would have certainly used this most Etruscan roads, an altar, and the foun- the mythical cave where Romulus and conspicuous building as the main topo- dations of many Roman buildings that Remus -- the sons of the god Mars who graphical term of reference if the have lain buried for two millennia have were abandoned by the banks of the Lupercal had been placed where the been discovered. Tiber -- were found by a female wolf new room has been found. The two And as the dig closed for the 2007 who suckled them until they were found scholars therefore think that the actual season, with tarpaulins being pulled and raised by a shepherd named Lupercal was placed more to the west over ruins to protect them from the win- Faustulus. The brothers are said to have than the grotto-like space. ter weather, Professor Simonetta gone on to found Rome in 753 B.C.; the Zevi also stresses the cultual and Stopponi of Macerata University was legend culminates in fratricide after mythological links that existed between upbeat about the site's significance. "I Romulus killed his twin in a power the Lupercal and the temple of Magna am confident that for the first time we struggle. The cave later became a Mater. The ludi Megalenses, the festival have positively identified one of the sacred location where priests, the in honor of the Mother of the Gods, most important lost sites of the ancient Luperci, celebrated ceremonies until were held at the foot of her temple, pre- world," she told the BBC. A.D. 494, when Pope Gelasius put an cisely near the Lupercal, where in the Rivaling Rome? end to the practice. Republican age the censors even tried The Fanum was already famous in The cave was discovered in January to build a stone theater. On that occa- antiquity as a religious shrine and a by Irene Iacopi, the archaeologist in sion the great goddess of eastern origin meeting place where the 12 members of charge of the Palatine Hill, which abuts would have been able to watch from the Etruscan League, a confederation of the Roman Forum and the Colosseum. above the prodigy of the she-wolf suck- central Italian cities, used to gather It was found during restoration work on ling the twins, sign of Troy's rebirth every spring to elect their leader. In the the palace of Augustus, Rome's first through Rome's foundation. autumn of 398 B.C. an extraordinary emperor, after workers took core sam- La Regina suggests that the recent policy meeting was held in the Fanum. ples from the hill that alerted them to find is rather the vault of a nympheum A Roman army had been besieging the the presence of a cave. or of a triclinium, and that it possibly town of Veii, a wealthy member of the "This is one of the most important belonged to Nero's first palace on the Etruscan League, which lay only 16 discoveries of all time," Andrea Palatine, the Domus Transitoria, maybe km. (10 miles) north of Rome. Carandini, one of Italy's most promi- as part of its magnificent façade The citizens of Veii, exhausted by years nent archaeologists, said Tuesday. Mr. towards the Circus Maximus. In any of warfare, appealed for help and asked Carandini has long held that the myths case the glass mosaics that decorate it the other members of the League to join of ancient Rome could quite possibly be were an invention of the 1st c. A.C. them in declaring war on Rome. The true. He said he derived added satisfac- according to Pliny, and therefore are gods of the shrine of the Fanum were tion from the cave's location. "The fact unlikely of Augustan age. Moreover, duly consulted, but the vote went that this sanctuary is under the lower the room was apparently buried by against collectively defending Veii. part of the house of Augustus is signifi- Domitian's Domus Flavia, while we Two years later the town fell to Rome. cant because Augustus was a kind of know that the Lupercal was still in use Beginning of the end Romulus himself who re-founded in late antiquity. This too seems to be a It was the beginning of the end for Rome -- and he did it in the place where proof against the identification. the Etruscan League, all of whose cities Romulus had been," he said. In any case—needless to say—nei- eventually fell to Roman invaders. We Experts said the positioning of the ther of the two scholars denies the rele- know all this ancient history through cave, discovered at the base of a hill vance of the new discovery. Like every- the Roman historian Livy, who wrote between the Temple of Apollo and the body else, they too look forward to fur- his famous account of the origins of Church of St. Anastasia, could prove ther investigation of the site, in the hope Rome towards the end of the 1st centu- problematic for continued excavation that new data will clarify the many ry B.C. Livy mentions the Fanum, and because of the risk of further collapse. issues raised by such an exceptional stresses its importance no less than five "We will continue the work with very find. times. But he failed to mention where much caution, " Ms. Iacopi said. Diagram of the location of the the Fanum was situated, and after the (La Repubblica, November 21, 2007). cave, believed to be the Lupercal. continued on page 8 Page 5 Holy Nails at Cetamura wedge, clamp and liquid lead. It has often been argued that Necessitas and Nortia were counterparts, as Roman by Nancy T. de Grummond and Etruscan deities of fate. They may Florida Sate University be compared as well with two other deities of destiny popular in the As revealed by the latest discov- Hellenistic time period, the Roman eries (2006-2007), the hilltop of Fortuna and the Greek Tyche. Cetamura del Chianti (Siena) supported Thus far it seems likely that the an Etruscan sanctuary of the 3rd and nails of Cetamura may well also be con- 2nd centuries BCE, adjacent to a busy nected with fate and fortune. The pol- artisans’ zone with a kiln for brick and ished rock gaming pieces found fre- tile. The sacred area, now called quently in the sacred area and in the Building L, featured monumental wall adjoining artisans’ sanctuaries may also foundations and a wide courtyard with a relate to chance and fortune, and the rock altar. It has yielded a number of spike found with an iron ring in VF 1A votive deposits and extensive evidence compares with related artifacts from of Etruscan ritual practice. Inscriptions Cerveteri and Pergamon that suggest an reveal the worship of two rare Etruscan ancient ritual of divination by means of deities, Lurs and Leinth, to whom were a ring hung on a string from a nail. offered gifts, some typically Etruscan Weaving implements, in particular but others rather unusual: miniature and spindle whorls, can be related to a cult oversize vessels, often broken, burned of fate as well. Yet one other interesting and buried; weaving implements such artifact sheds light on the cult, a lead as spindles, spools and loom weights; weight found in VF 4 (Fig. 3). Its mate- iron rings with incised glass paste rial reminds one of the connection of "stones"; lumps of iron; polished rock Necessitas with lead, and most impor- gaming pieces; and miniature bricks. tant of all, also draws a direction con- Perhaps most intriguing of all among nection with the little known Lurs. the repeated offerings are iron nails, at Among the few Etruscans inscriptions present more than 30, found in a variety that include his name is the relatively of contexts. lengthy text on the well-known disc- A number of nails occur in Votive shaped lead tablet from Magliano near Feature 1, a pit ca. 90 cm. deep. In Vulci. deposit 1A were nails of different sizes, The artisans of Cetamura perhaps including one miniature. Near to the made many of the offerings themselves, latter was found a large spike in combi- part of the building. They are at once for the iron objects reflect the working Fig.1: (above) In ground nation with an iron ring, about which too various in size and type and too spe- of iron in the area (attested by the pres- hearth/altar, Votive Feature 2 in more will be said below. On the oppo- cific in their placement. Preliminary ence of iron slag), the weaving imple- site side of the pit were some eight nails research indicates that several other the Sanctuary of the Etruscan Artisans at Cetamura del Chianti. ments relate to numerous similar in one general area, differing sufficient- Etruscan sanctuaries have nails or nail- objects found in the artisans’ quarter, ly from one another to make it unlikely like objects as votives, in particular the Fig.2: (middle) Iron nails from and miniature bricks and other objects that they were once used together, for Fontanile di Legnisina at Vulci (4th- Votive Feature 2 at Cetamura. could be offerings from the kiln work- example as parts of some wooden 3rd c.) and the sanctuary of Pozzarello, ers. All would have been seeking good object. Numerous other artifacts were Bolsena (3rd-2nd c.), where the pres- Fig.3: (below) Lead weight from luck in the outcome of their labors. found in VF 1A, of which a selection ence of nails suggested the idea that this Votive Feature 4 at Cetamura. may be seen on the Cetamura website: site may be the location of the temple of http://www.fsu.edu/~classics/cetamura/ Nortia, deity of fate, said to be at recentresults.html. Volsinii. In VF 1B, immediately below, nails The connection of Nortia with nails were found marking very precisely the is well known from the reference in boundaries of the pit on the east and Livy (7.3.5) to the Etruscan practice of west. Votive Feature 2, an inground driving a nail into the wall of the temple hearth/altar located nearby, also fea- to mark the passing of a year, a ritual tured nail deposits, but as single indi- that was practiced at the Capitoline vidual offerings placed on top of the temple of Jupiter and also at the temple altar (Figs. 1-2). Nails found on or near of Mars Ultor in the Forum of two other votive areas (VF 3 and VF 4) Augustus. (The ritual at the temple of showed a similar ritual with a single Mars Ultor served to mark the closing nail being deposited on the surface, pre- of a census rather than the passing of a sumably by one individual. A bronze year: Dio Cassius 56.10). The theme of nail cap was also found in VF 4. the inexorable passage of time is There can be no doubt that the nails enlarged by the description by Horace Chariot of Rex Wallace of Cetamura have a cultic significance (Car. 1.35.17-20) of the goddess language zilath and should not be regarded simply as Necessitas, who had as attributes spike, Page 6 New Investigations at The architecture of the entire complex remains uncertain, the chronological the Manganello Sanctuary limits of the sanctuary are not clear, (Cerveteri) there are no epigraphic proofs of specif- by Vincenzo Bellelli, ic cults, nor documented remains of previous occupation of the site, and CNR-ISCIMA (Roma) there is no evidence about the road-sys- tem that led to the area from the There are few places in Cerveteri as ancient urban center. The Manganello evocative as the Hellenistic Manganello sanctuary seems today to be a timeless sanctuary. The ancient site lies on the place, frozen in a magic atmosphere, peak of a small plateau at the northern out of history and space, that still edge of the Etruscan urban area, over- retains many of its secrets. looking the magnificent valley that In order to gain a better understand- takes its name from the little river, now ing of Cerveteri’s ancient history, the dry. Just opposite the site, along the Institute of Studies on Italic southern edges of the Banditaccia Civilisations and ancient Mediterranean necropolis, stand a handful of monu- (ISCIMA) of the Italian CNRS mental tumuli dating to the (National Research Council), has Orientalizing period. The site was recently launched, in collaboration with explored twice in the last two hundred the Soprintendenza of Southern Etruria, years, in the 1820s by the priest-archae- a new program of archaeological inves- ologist of Cerveteri, Alessandro Fig. 1. The “temple” of Manganello (Cerveteri) viewed from the north. tigations of this important archaeologi- Regolini, who explored the south side and pits. One of the latter was certainly water-supply of the sanctuary. cal site. The research project fits on the of the little hill ten years before exca- a sacred pit, because he found in its fill As for the name of the gods wor- one hand the overall aim of ISCIMA’s vating, together with Vincenzo Galassi, remains of offerings, ashes and animal shipped in the Manganello sanctuary, new activity, the reconstruction of "cul- the princely tomb in the Sorbo necrop- bones. Unfortunately, apart from the only one proposal has been put forward tural environments," with particular olis; and in the 1930s by Raniero few remarks on the sacred pit published up to now: Donatella Gentili’s hypothe- attention to Etrusco-Italic world. The Mengarelli, who was able to undertake in Studi Etruschi in 1935, no informa- sis that the main goddess was management of this important archaeo- a regular excavation in the "fondo tion is given by the excavator about the Uni/Eilithyia. logical site is also a main concern of the Marini," just at the base of the site. contents of the other pits. Some of them Despite Mengarelli’s important local Soprintendenza, which is deeply On these occasions, hundreds of ter- were probably actual wells, built in work on the site and subsequent specu- involved in the safeguard of the large racotta ex-votos were recovered, testi- order to draw water, intended for the lation, many questions are still open. urban area, now private property, which fying to the existence of an important includes the remains of the ancient city. Hellenistic cult site, addressed to a god- In addition to these favourable cir- dess protecting childbirth and children. cumstances, we must mention the Some of these offerings have been extraordinary willingness of the present repeatedly published and are well owner of the land where the remains of known: there are heads of children with the Manganello sanctuary lie. He is a regular and delicate features, statuettes very helpful person, a kind of genius with groups of women and children, loci, passionately devoted to his land, anatomical organs, especially hands happy to make it known, like his grand- and feet. Some of these finds are on dis- father the "podestà" Marini, who eighty play in the Vatican Museums and the years before him allowed Mengarelli to Archaeological Museum of Cerveteri. undertake an archaeological excavation They comprise only a part of the sanc- in his property, revealing for the first tuary’s rich votive deposits that even time the great importance of the today continue to give up their contents Manganello sanctuary. under the blows of illegal picks. The first campaign took place Mengarelli was also able to explore September 3-28, 2007. The team, led by extensively the cult building, which he ISCIMA researchers, included a num- interpreted as a small temple with a rec- ber of students from both Italian and tangular cella oriented approximately foreign universities. It was decided first North-South. Even though he was of all to unearth the outer walls of the unable to find the main East side of the so-called "temple" previously excavat- building, Mengarelli thought that the ed by Mengarelli. The investigation building had a regular plan, and that it revealed that the drawings he published was a temple, a kind of Greek-type in Studi Etruschi (IX, 1935, 83-94) are naos. He also found a series of cuttings often approximate and even incorrect, in the rock that he interpreted as quarry especially where "negative" elements marks, and a large hollow in the center such as the cuttings in the rock are con- of the temple, interpreted again as cerned. In some cases one realizes that, traces of quarrying, as well as a remark- despite the deceptive impression given Fig. 2. Schematic plan of the structures identified by R. Mengarelli in the able number of subterranean structures Continued on page 8 sanctuary of Manganello Page 7 Continued from page 7 recovered the fragmentary mouldings might arise from the fragmentation of where the Fanum was situated, and by Mengarelli’s plans and sections, he of an exceptional stone altar; these join the structures and the vastness of the after the did not always reach down to ground together and suggest the existence of a site. continued on page 8 level. Consequently, the reconstruction monumental cult structure. It certainly "This is an ancient industrial area — Fanum Voltumnae Continued from of temple architecture made by the first fell down from above, perhaps as a con- not a craftsmen's workshop, but a big page 5 excavator turns out to be anything but sequence of an illegal attempt to dig the complex where several people used to convincing. Nowadays whoever looks bothros it originally enclosed. work," he said. fall of Rome, all memory of its exact at the Manganello "temple" cannot West of the temple, beyond some Musco said the project will have to location was lost. imagine it to have been a reconstruction scattered bushes and little trees, lies a be approved by the Italian Culture The sacred zone is being systematical- like the one Mengarelli proposed. On large area sloping to the west touched Ministry. Officials at the ministry said ly dug by an enthusiastic team of young the contrary, a much more complex sit- neither by Mengarelli nor by us. There, the project would have to be discussed archaeologists wielding picks, shovels uation is involved. The "temple" is a wide carpet of ceramic fragments, ter- by a panel of experts. and trowels. They come from America, carefully planned, built on the upper racotta ex-votos, and several enormous "I would obviously prefer not to Mexico and Spain as well as from Italy. part of the plateau with a distinctive illegally dug holes as large as the touch anything," Musco said. "It will be For 2,000 years, from the 5th century technique; it uses tufa block for the craters caused by Allied bombing in quite frustrating to see this thing being B.C. until the 15th century A.D., large outer walls, either double or simple, Normandy, strike the visitor. Next year taken away." numbers of people used to gather at the only in some cases, and exploits the we will excavate in this spot, where Intact 2,000-year old Fanum every spring. In Etruscan times support of the bedrock whenever possi- human destruction has disturbed such it was a place for the political leaders of ble. It is still difficult to guess where the an enchanting landscape. Etruscan tomb discovered central Italy to take stock of military main entrance of the building was locat- by Deepa Babington and civil affairs, and to pray to their ed, because of the low surviving walls Archaeologists in Rome gods. Later, under the Romans, accord- and the absence of clear traces of open- dig up ancient tannery (Reuters) Aug 13, 2007 ROME - ing to researchers, the Fanum continued ings. But it is evident that the main pas- Archaeologists have discovered a more as the site of an important annual spring sage cannot be where Mengarelli fair. Athletes took part in public games, Reprinted from The Associated than 2,000-year-old Etruscan tomb per- thought, along the southern side of the and priests and politicians mingled with Press fectly preserved in the hills of Tuscany plateau, since on this side of the crowds of ordinary people who came to Tuesday, July 31, 2007 with a treasure trove of artifacts inside, Manganello spur there is no room for a buy and sell livestock and agricultural ROME: An ancient tannery that is including urns that hold the remains of monumental entrance. products . As recently as the 19th cen- being dug up in Rome — believed to be about 30 people. After uncovering Mengarelli’s tury there was a cattle market held here. the largest ever found in the capital — The tomb, in the Tuscan town of excavations, we explored the large area The area is still known locally as is threatened by railway construction, Civitella Paganico, probably dates from surrounding the "temple," both to the Campo della Fiera, or Fair Field. and archaeologists said Tuesday they between the 1st and 3rd centuries B.C., east and to the west. Many quarry Early foundations might need to move the entire complex. when Etruscan power was in decline, marks appeared, which allow us to dis- A first Christian church was built on The 1,050-square meter (1,255- Andrea Marcocci, who led digging at tinguish the various phases of construc- the site as early as the 4th century. You square yard) complex includes a tan- the site, told Reuters. It's quite rare to tion. There were no traces of agricultur- can see part of its patterned stonework nery dating between the 2nd and 3rd find a tomb intact like this," said al works, because the owners always floor. The foundations of a later 12th century, as well as burial sites and part Marcocci, who had suspected one made use of the area for woodland and century church dedicated to Saint Peter of a Roman road. might exist in the area after work on a grazing. Smaller walls not indicated on have also been laid bare. Following the At least 97 tubs, some measuring 1 nearby road scattered pieces of arti- the plan by the first excavator are now Black Death, the 14th century plague, meter (3.28-feet) diameter, have been facts."When we found fragments out- recorded in the general plan of the site. and perhaps because of it, the church dug up so far in the tannery, archaeolo- side, we thought we would find that the Finds were abundant and important. was abandoned and left to ruins. gists said. tomb had been violated. But the main In the bottom of a very small hollow Funds for the dig have come in part The complex, located in the Casal burial room was completely intact." placed in a corner of the "temple," from an Italian bank, the Monte Dei Bertone area in the outskirts of Rome, Inside the tomb, a narrow corridor already investigated by Mengarelli, a Paschi of Siena, in part from the EU, lies between two tunnels of a high- led to a small burial chamber, about 2 mass of terracotta votive heads, espe- and in part from the local regional gov- speed railway being built to link Rome meters long and 1.79 meters wide, he cially children, and a number of ernment. and Naples, said Stefano Musco, the said. It housed about 80 objects includ- anatomical ex-votos were found. Absolute certainty that this was the director of the archaeological excava- ing vases and mirrors in bronze and Residual finds suggest that the site site of the Fanum can only come with tions. ceramic urns holding human remains occupation must to go back to the the discovery of written inscriptions "(Even though) there are only 100 were also found. "It's quite exceptional Orientalizing period, and a few impasto dedicated to the Etruscan god meters (109 yards) of railway left to to find so many objects in a tomb so potsherds suggest an even earlier date. Voltumna, the most important deity build, the archaeological complex has small," Marcocci said. "Some of the Along the western outer wall of the worshipped by the inhabitants of this no chance of surviving," Musco told vases (urns) were fairly small, so we "temple" a cylindrical well was part of Italy. So far only votive objects reporters during a tour of the dig. think they were probably for children." explored; it was filled with debris, frag- such as small bronze statues or pieces "Either it stays the way it is and the ments of archaic architectural terracot- of painted terracotta roof tiles from the works are stopped or, if the railway Letter from Volterra tas, stone slabs with masonry marks, temples have been excavated, nothing must be built, these remains will have Continued from page 3 large pieces of tufa blocks, and ceramic written. But Professor Stoppani says fragments dating from different peri- to be cut out and rebuilt entirely," pos- 2. See reviews of the catalogue under Book Reviews, in this issue of Etruscan News. she is 99% sure that the site has yet to ods. Due to the danger of this under- sibly in a nearby park. Experts would scan the complex 3. Anna Maria Esposito, Principi Guerrieri. the group: Joy Shiller, Bob Porter, Jean ground exploration, the excavation of La necropoli etrusca di Casale marritimo. Peyrat, Debbish Tash, Norma Hynes, Steven this interesting context was reluctantly with a 3-D laser to help archaeologists replace the items in their exact posi- Milan: Electa, 1999. Gerber, Dora and Al Dien, Carlisle Morgan, abandoned before the bottom was 4. The other has a pointed hairstyle in back: Patricia Sager, Ken Wieland, Kay Collina, tions, Musco said. The archaeologist, reached; we did not go beyond the could that have also ended in a braid? Lee Gidding, Cynthia Dixon, Steve depth of 6 or 7 meters. Finally, along who declined to say how much the proj- 5. On this occasion excellent suggestions Highcock, Val McNamara, Nancy and Bob the northern slope of the plateau were ect would cost, said technical problems and observations were made by members of Milligan. Page 8 Washington, D.C. Biblioteca dell'Accademia Polacca PAST CONFERENCES October 4-7, 2007 delle Scienze Papers presented in Panel D, "Of Nadin Burkhardt (Istituto XXXVI Convegno di Teano November 14: Kings and other Autocrats: Livy's Archeologico Germanico), I riti funer- Studi Etruschi ed Italici Francesco Sirano, Fausto Zevi, La Reception of History," would be of ari degli Italici e dei Greci tra VIII e VI cultura figurqtiva sidicina nel quadro interest to the readers of Etruscan sec. a.C. sulla costa ionica: influenze Continued from page 1 della Campania settentrionale di età News: reciproche e sviluppi indipendenti. Capua: i kyathoi con anse a corna arcaica. Meredith Safran (Princeton Ellen Thiermann (Università di tronche e cave. Mariatta Nielsen, Friedrich Münter University), Reges, Regnum and 'the Amsterdam), Vecchie e nuove tombe Barbara Grassi, Spunti di rifles- a Nola nel 1786: contesti, stratti, Regal Period': Assessing Criteria for arcaiche della necropoli "Fornaci" a sione sull'iconografia di alcune pro- popoli. Analysis of ab Urbe Condita I. Capua. duzioni fittili capuane di epoca arcaica. Witold Dobrowolski, Buccheri ed Susan Satterfield (Princeton Katharina Meinecke, (Istituto Valeria Sampaolo, Necropoli e abi- impasti campani della collezione del University), Priests and Sibyl, King and Archeologico Germanico), Sarcofagi tato a Capua: evidenze dale ricerche palazzo di Wilanów. Community: Tarquin and the Sybilline imperiali nel loro contesto originario, recenti. Giuseppe Vecchio, Nola: la fase Books. Roma e dintorni. Marco Minoja, Capua tra età ori- arcaica della necropoli di "Torricelle." Meghan Diluvio (Princeton M. Nicolas Laubry (École Française entalizzante e arcaica: inquadramento Stefano De Caro, L'Orientalizzante University), Prava Religione: Tullus de Rome), Commémorer les morts en preliminare dei materiali da abitato. a Gricignano di Aversa. Hostilius and the Abuse of Religious Gaule romaine. Recherches Cristina Regis, L'abitato arcaico di Luca Cerchiai, I santuari della Authority. typologiques et épigraphiques sur les Capua: S. Maria Capua Vetere, loc. Campania settentrionale. Rose MacLean (Princeton monuments funéraires de la province de "Siepone," scavi 2003-2005. Elena Laforgia, Maddaloni - University), Imperial Exempla from Lyonnaise (Ier-IIIe s. ap. J.-C.) Capua November 13: Calatia. I nuovi scavi della neropoli Augustus to Tiberius. Maria Pia Marchesi, Aldo nord orientale. Emily Kutzer-Rice, (Princeton L'Etruria di Prosdocimi, Campania settentrionale: Elisabetta Mangani, I materiali di University), Livy's Kingship and the il quadro linguistico prima e dopo la Mario Moretti Suessula della Collezione Spinelli con- Rhetoric of Power among First Century sannitizzazione. Un itinerario attraverso gli studi e le servati al Museo Pigorini. BCE Roman Elites. Domenico Silvestri, Presenza etr- ricerche del novecento e le più recen- Colonna Passaro, L'occupazione sul usca nella toponomastica della ti acquisizioni in Etruria meridionale territorio caleno e del Monte Maggiore Campania settentrionale. Incontri dell’Associazione 7 Giugno 2007 - Stato degli studi e prospettivi di ricer- Paolo Poccetti, Gli Etruschi e la for- Internazionale di Program: ca. mazzione dell'identità culturale cam- L'Etruria e la Villa Giulia di Mario Daniela Giampaola, Amedeo Rossi, Archeologia Classica pano-sannita: evidenze linguistiche e Moretti: da Giuseppe Bottai a Giovanni Suessula: I nuovi rinvenimenti. alfabetiche. Fare e distribuire: l’ogget- Spadolini (Filippo Delpino). Caserta November 15: Carlo Rescigno, Legno, tufo, terra- L'École française e l'Etruria merid- Alfonso Mele, Cuma tra VI e V sec- to e l’economia cotta.Osservazioni selle architetture ionale (Michel Gras). olo. 19 November 2007 arcaiche della Campania settentri- Gli ori della Tomba Regolini- Pia Criscuolo, Materiali di ambito onale. Galassi: storia degli studi e nuove villanoviano e sardo nelle necropoli Virginie Bridoux (École Française Stephan Steingräber, La pittura prospettive di lettura (Maurizio pre-elleniche di Cuma. de Rome), Les royaumes d’Afrique du funeraria di epoca tardoarcaica in Sannibale). Rosaria Ciardiello, Trasformazioni nord de la fin de la deuxième guerre Campania settentrionale (Capua). Decorazioni scultoree a rilievo su nell'imagerie della ceramica attica punique à la mort du roi Bocchus II Rita Benassai, Tombe a camera con facciate architettoniche etrusche dal IV dalla Campania settentrionale: il caso (201-33 av. J.-C.). volta a botte in Campania. Riflessi al II sec. a. C. (Stephan Steingräber). di Cuma e di Capua. Victoria Leitch (University of della circolazione del modello architet- The Etruscan Bridge Complex at Rosanna D'Anna, Marco Oxford / British School at Rome), tonico campano in Etruria. San Giovenale: a sacred and profane Pacciarelli, Laura Rota, Una tomba Trade in Roman and late Roman North Werner Johannowsky, Di nuovo space (Yvonne Backe-Forsberg). maschile di alto rango dell'VIII secolo African cooking wares in Italy. sulle fasi più antiche di Capua. Musarna, bilancio dello scavo e a.C. da San Marzano sul Sarno. M. Nicolas Monteix (École Diletta Colombo, Ida Stanislao, Lo nuovi datti dal territorio (Vincent Diana Savella, Laura Rota, Caterina Française de Rome), Sviluppo degli scavo della necropoli capuana in local- Jolivet). Ottomano, Confronti, analogie e dif- impianti artigianali e commerciali di ità Parisi (Nuovo Mattatoio). Alcune considerazioni sulla Tomba ferenze nel repertorio ceramico di Ercolano dall’età augustea all’eruzione Flavio Castaldo, Gli scavi archeo- della Iscrizioni di Vulci (Anna Maria Capua e San Marzano nell'VIII secolo del Vesuvio. logici a S. Maria Capia Vetere e la Moretti). a.C. Paul Johnson (University of sepoltura del Lebete Barone. Nuovi dati dall'Agro Vulcente: le Friedhelm Prayon, Annotazioni Southampton / British School at Rome), Domenico Caiazza, Poleografia e ricerche a Marsiliana d'Albegna sulle tombe a fossa di S. Valentino Late Antique waste deposits as an indi- popolamento della Campania interna (Andra Camilli, Andrea Zifferero e Torio. cator of urban transformation. (colline e monti del Preappennino e altri). Valentino Nizzo, I materiali cumani dell'Appennino). Mario Moretti, Ferrante Rittatore del Museo Archeologico di Firenze: Federica Chiesa, Ritratto o dono Vonwiller e la Protostoria in Etruria: nuovi dati su Cuma prellenica e sugli votivo? Una testa fittile maschile da gli scavi di Sorgente della Nova scavi Osta. Incontri dell’Associazione Capua. (Nuccia Negroni Catacchio). Giovannangelo Camporeale, Rossella Patricia Migliore, Internazionale Gli Etruschi sui Monti della Tolfa Conclusioni. Coroplastica votiva dal santuario del di Archeologia Classica dall'VIII al V secolo a.C. (Alessandro fondo Patturelli di Capua, scavo 1995. Classical Association of Naso). Cristina Ambrosini, Appunti per la La morte e i suoi riti Siracusa e l'Etruria meridionale tra classificazione della ceramica depurata the Atlantic States 29 October 2007 il V e il IV sec. a.C. (Giancarlo a Capua. Centennial Meeting above above Germanà Bozza). Page 9 Past Conferences continued FUTURE CONFERENCES Nuovi Luci sul Call for Papers Incontri tra Culture International Colloquium Mediterraneo Attitudes towards the Past in nel Mondo Mediterraneo Antico “Material Aspects of XVII Congresso Internazionale di L'attività di ricerca dell'Istituto Antiquity: Creating Identities? Archeologia Classica Etruscan Religion” du studi sulle civiltà italiche e del Stockholm University Rome, September 2008 Leiden University, Faculty of Mediterraneo antico (ISCIMA) May 15-17, 2009 Archaeology 29-30 May 2008 Rome, 11 October 2007 The 17th quinquennial Congress of The conference on Attitudes the Associazione Internazionale di Thursday 29 May Research on Phoenician and towards the Past in Antiquity: Creating Archeologia Classica will take place in M. Bonghi Jovino (Milano), Punic civilization, in memory of Identities? will be held in Stockholm, Rome in the month of September and Identities and attributes of the Etruscan Sabatino Moscati: May 15-17, 2009, at the Department of will have as its theme "Encounters divinities in the archaeological docu- Classical Archaeology and Ancient among Cultures in the Ancient mentation: some examples. Paolo Xella, Sabatino Moscati e gli History, Stockholm University, in col- Mediterranean World." This event falls G. Camporeale (Firenze), Cults in studi fenicio-punici: primo e dopo. laboration with the Department of exactly on the fifth anniversary of the necropoleis in Etruria. Federico Mazza, Le linee di ricerca. History, Wroclaw University, Poland. first congress organized by AIAC, S. Steingräber (Padova/Roma), Ida Oggiano, Paolo Xella, I Fenici The conference will be held in memory which was held in Rome in 1958. Etruscan altars in sanctuaries and in Libano: ricerche epigrafiche e arche- of Gösta Säflund, the first professor of The Congress will focus on this necropoleis of the archaic and classical ologiche. Classical Archaeology and Ancient theme of broad appeal. The material periods. Sergio Ribichini, Ricerche storico- History in Stockholm, and will also cultures of the ancient Mediterranean F. Prayon (Tübingen), The tomb as religiose, epigrafiche e archeologiche mark the centenary of the discipline show the impact of the extensive net- altar: about stepped slabs, ramps and in Tunisia. being taught at universities in Sweden. work of exchanges due to their presence staircases to tomb buildings. Lorenza Ilia Manfredi, Ricerche The subject of historical long-term on the Mediterranean and proximity to A. Maggiani (Venezia), Art and reli- archeologico-numismatiche in Algeria. memory and tradition in all its diversi- the neighboring regions. The cultural gion: more on Dionysism in Etruria. Massimo Botto, Ida Oggiano, ty, and the related topic of identity, have exchange can assume various forms: E. van Rossenberg (Leiden), Echoes Ricerche fenicio-puniche a Pani Loriga generated a wide-ranging and stimulat- the exchange of products and materials, from a Bronze Age past? Continuities in (Sardegna). ing debate about the nature of ancient the circulation of ideas and beliefs and the materiality of religious practice in culture and society in recent years. This the spread of techniques, styles, and Southern Etruria. Research on Etrusco-Italic civiliza- interdisciplinary conference will technologies, the movements of peoples Friday 30 May tion: explore the use of the past in creating in the form of migrations, colonization, I. Krauskopf (Heidelberg), The Vincenzo Bellelli, Paola Moscati, Gli identities in ancient religious, political, or enslavements, and finally, the Etruscan lituus and its oriental prede- scavi nell'area urbana di Cerveteri. social, and cultural contexts. We invite increase or the redefining of areas of cessors. Enrico Benelli, Paola Santoro, papers (archaeological, art historical, power between different groups or F. Roncalli (Perugia), Location, Ricerche archeologiche in Sabina: lo and historical) on the way in which the within the same group.The contexts that instruments and gestures of the harus- scavo nella necropoli di Colle del past was consciously recreated and derive from them have repercussions on pex; between divination and magic. Forno. used, and the impact this had on shap- technological, ideological and commer- G. Sassatelli (Bologna), "The Adriana Emiliozzi, Ricerche in ing identities in ancient society. cial exchanges, inhibiting them, or Etruscan city of Marzabotto: Religion, Sabina: il caso del carro di Monteleone Speakers will include Averil Cameron increasing or restricting their field of cult and foundation rites." (Spoleto). (Keble College, Oxford), Catherine influence. By means of such exchanges M. Harari (Pavia), The imagery of Morgan (King's College, London), Ewa and contacts, in fact, identity can be the Etrusco-Faliscan pantheon between Lo scavo di Pyrgi: Skwara (Adam Mickiewicz University, architectural sculpture and vase-paint- Poznan), Wieslaw Suder (Wroclaw defined or redefined, or even imposed 1957-2007 or contested. This archaeological ing. University, Wroclaw), Paul Zanker F. Gilotta (Capua), An extraordi- Rome, December 13, 2007 theme touches on numerous important (Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa). nary vase with enigmatic ritual repre- A conference on 50 years of excava- questions currently addressed in the Papers should take 20 minutes. The sentations.N. tions at the site of Pyrgi was held at the contemporaneous Mediterranean and in conference language is English. Please L.C. Stevens (Amsterdam), Heaven Università di Roma "la Sapienza" on the modern world, and will coincide submit title and abstract of your pro- on Earth. A new macro- and microcos- December 13, 2007. It was organized with the European Union's proclama- posed paper (not more than 200 words) mic analysis of the Etruscan cults and by Gilda Bartoloni, Direttore del together with your name, academic title tion of the "European Year in Intercultural Dialogue" in 2008. gods from c. 700 until 264 B.C. Dipartimeno, and Maria Paola and affiliation, and postal address to the Baglione, Sezione di Etruscologia del following email address: conferences- Cross-cultural Approaches to Family and Dipartimento. Papers were presented [email protected] by April 30, Household Structures in the Ancient World by the following speakers in two ses- 2008. Notification of acceptance will sions: be sent by September 30, 2008 and ISAW, NYU May 9-10, 2008 1. Il santuario meridionale more detailed information by the end of The Fellows of the Institute for the ilarities between family and household B.Bellelli Marchesini, M. P. Baglione, January 2009. Proceedings of the con- Study of the Ancient World (ISAW) at in ancient societies from the western C.Carlucci,L.Maneschi,M.D. Gentili,L. ference will be published. New York University are planning a Mediterranean to China. The confer- M. Michetti, L. Ambrosini, D.F.Maras, For further information, please con- conference entitled "Cross-cultural ence welcomes papers from across dis- L. Drago, C. Sorrentino. tact the organizers, Charlotte Scheffer approaches to family and household ciplines. Comparative approaches and 2. Il santuario monumentale and Andrzej Wypustek, at: conferences- structures in the ancient World," May 9- proposals that use new methods of A. M. Sgubini Moretti, M. D. Gentili, C [email protected]. 10, 2008. This conference seeks to analysis or interpretation of documen- Carlucci,B.Bellelli Marchesini,R. shed new light on the formation pat- tary evidence are particularly welcome. Cosentino, G. Colonna. terns and structural differences and sim- isaw.household.conference @ nyu.edu Page 10 ANNOUNCEMENTS Fellowships for PhD NEH Summer Seminar Programs, University 2008 Announcement of a Editorial secretary for BABesch “La Sapienza” in Rome. "Identity and Self-Representation in the Subcultures of Ancient Rome," con- Krammer 59 The University of Rome offers six Prize: tinues a series of NEH Summer NL 2401 DM Alphen aan den Rijn Fellowships for PhD programs, among Seminars offered by the American "Etruscologia ed The Netherlands them the School of Archaeology, for Academy in Rome on topics related to antichità italiche" [email protected] Foreign Nationals educated abroad. The Classical Studies, Archaeology, and the The editorial board of BABesch PhD Program lasts three years, and may L'Associazione Storico-Artistico- Humanities (History, Art History, (Bulletin Antieke Beschaving, Annual be extended to a fourth year, without Culturale Ingegnere Carlo Cecchini, Anthropology, etc.). The seminar, Papers on Mediterranean Archaeology) grant, subject to approval by the School based in Proceno (VT), in order to pro- directed by Eleanor Winsor Leach and would like to bring a list of books to authorities. Fellowships amounting to mote works of artistic and historical Eve D'Ambra, will focus on the ever- your attention that were sent to us by Euro 16,590, net of government taxes, interest, announce a prize of E. 2,600 controversial matter of personal identi- various publishers. are open to candidates who are not toward the publication of monographs, ty by considering ways in which Roman If you are interested in reviewing Italian citizens, are not residents of memoirs, articles, or doctoral research citizens throughout the Mediterranean one or more books on the list, please let Italy, and have obtained abroad an aca- theses in the field of Etruscan and Italic world used word and image to represent us know as soon as possible either by demic qualification by a non-Italian antiquity, published since 1/1/2000. themselves both as individuals and as mail or e-mail. Should others be inter- institution equivalent to the Italian lau- Works will be considered -- in members of communities. In addition ested in reviewing the same book, the rea specialistica (according to the Italian, French, English, Spanish and to each week's thematically organized editorial board will allocate the book Academic Board of the Schools), or German -- by Italian or foreign scholars seminar discussions, a series of Roman and you will be informed about their expect to receive it before July 31, 2008 who will not be older than 35 at the museum visits and field trips to sites decision. Applications are available on the web- time of the deadline. Not to be consid- beyond the city should expand each We prefer reviews to be in English, site:http://www.uniroma1.it/studenti/la ered are typescripts, including theses, participant's resources for study and but we also accept German, French and urea/dottorato/default.php Documents and collaborative contributions without teaching in areas of class, gender and Italian submissions. The review(s) are must be received no later than indication of the part attributable to ethnicity. We believe that our partici- to be submitted on disk(ette) (prefer- February 15, 2008. Documents (in each individual scholar or in which the pants may be surprised to encounter the ably in word 6.0) accompanied by a Italian or English) should be sent to: scientific personality of each of the social diversity of the subcultures printout. Please be advised that the Magnifico Rettore, applicants is not identifiable. The com- encompassed within the general head- maximum length of a single review is Università “La Sapienza” mission will take into account, besides ing of Roman culture. the publications, the curriculum studio- 1000 words, contributions exceeding Settore Dottorato di Ricerca rum of the candidates and the works' the maximum will not be accepted. Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 Theodossiev Named potential usefulness in furthering the Authors are advised to consult: 00185 Rome (Italy) Kress Lecturer for 2008 Etruscan and Italic archaeological patri- http://www.babesch.org/instructions.ht Further information: mony. ml , for the current guidelines for sub- [email protected] by the AIA The application, on plain paper, mission of reviews for BABesch. Dr Nikola Theodossiev, Assistant should contain the candidate's informa- Authors are expected to submit their Director of the American Research tion, including mailing and email reviews within one year of receiving the Center in Sofia, Bulgaria, has been addresses, telephone and fax numbers, book, to: BABesch Editorial Board Fordham University appointed Samuel H. Kress Lecturer by the publications (in four copies, one of attn. Lily Schaafsma opens Museum of Greek, the Archaeological Institute of America. which will remain in the Association's (address above). His lecture tour of US universities will archive and the other three of which Etruscan and Roman Art take place in Spring 2008. He will will be returned at the candidate's New on-line journal speak on two subjects: "Ancient Thrace request) and a curriculum studiorum.It Rasenna The William D. Walsh Family during the 1st Millennium B.C.," and must arrive no later than March 31, Library on the Rose Hill campus of "The Monumental Late Classical and 2008 at the following address: The University of Massachusetts Fordham. has dedicated a new 4,000- Hellenistic Tholos Tombs in Thrace." Presidente dell'Associazione Amherst’s Center for Etruscan Studies square-foot gallery to house the new For a list of the dates of his lectures, and Storico-Artistico-Culturale is pleased to announce the establish- museum and make it accessible to its the venues, which include the states of Ingegnere Carlo Cecchini ment of Rasenna, an on-line journal students and the general public, Virginia, Georgia, South Carolina, and Castello di Proceno, dedicated to the study of the Etruscan The classical collection amounts to California, see aiaonline Corso Regina Margherita 137, language and culture. the largest of its kind held by a univer- Dr. Theodissiev has expanded the 01020 Proceno (VT), Italia. The Center’s founders, Drs. sity in the New York area, said Jennifer Bulgarian sector of the international e- The prize will be presented to the Anthony Tuck and Rex Wallace, hope Udell, Fordham=s curator of university journal Fasti On line (www.fastionline. winner in a public ceremony in Proceno to create an on-line resource not only art. AThe breadth of the collection, dat- org) published by the Associazione in the spring of 2008. At that occasion for the publication of traditional ing from the 10th century B.C. to the Internazionale di Archeologia Classica the winner will be expected to give a research in early Italy, but also a clear- third century A.D., makes it an ideal in Rome; currently the journal contains presentation on his or her scientific inghouse for information of interest to teaching tool.” She said she hopes that information an more than 100 archaeo- work. scholars and lay people alike. Fordham=s art history and classics logical sites in Bulgaria. Dr. The editors invite any and all contri- departments will integrate the objects Theodossiev continues his active serv- BABesch Reviews butions of scholarly work and other into their courses. Students will be able ice on the editorial board of the interna- items, such as reviews, announcements to visit the museum from 8:30 a.m. to tional peerreviewed journal Ancient Readers wanting to review books or other related items of interest. and midnight seven days a week. It will be East and West, published by Peeters in for BABesch can send for a list of avail- can be contacted at: open by appointment to the general Leuven. The main task of these scholar- able books at the following address: http://scholarworks.umass.edu/rasenna/ public. ly endeavors is to bring together Lily Schaafsma above Eastern and Western scholarship. Page 11 Turfa continued from page 1 will be published in 2008 ia volume Joseph V. Noble, how costume can be used to signal rit- entitled Mlach Mlakas, Votives, Places, an Expert in Antiquities, Dies at 87 ual and ceremonial occasions. Bonfante Rituals in Etruscan Religion (Brill), by Alison J. Peterson considered funerary dress and the dress edited by Margarita Gleba and Hilary Reprinted from The New York Times, of priests and priestesses; in particular, Becker. This volume was conceived as September 29, 2007 Bonfante shared with attendees her the- a Festschrift in honor of Jean Turfa. ory that the rectangular himation may The conference provided a festive be used to heroize a deceased person, occasion for many of Jean’s colleagues Joseph V. Noble, a former director a realistic depiction of New York's drug whereas the rounded mantle might be and former students to honor her work of the Museum of the City of New problem, and included photographs of used for the living. Margarita Gleba by focusing on a topic to which she has York, who earlier exposed three famous drug users and sellers. surveyed the different ways that textile already contributed so much. Jean works at the Metropolitan Museum of In 1983, he helped the museum implements could be used as ex-votos Turfa is a Research Associate of the Art as fakes, died last Saturday in West bring in the Treaty of Paris, which by cultures all over Italy, and revealed Mediterranean Section of the Orange, N.J. He was 87. marked the end of the Revolutionary the manifold sacral meanings that University of Pennsylvania Museum of In 1967, Mr. Noble, then an admin- War. It was the first time a British could be associated with textile tools. Archaeology and Anthropology in istrator at the Metropolitan Museum treaty had been taken outside of Britain. Finally, Nancy de Grummond’s paper Philadelphia. Turfa was a curatorial with a fervent interest in antiquities, Joseph Veach Noble was born on provided a synthetic examination of rit- consultant for the newly reinstalled discovered that three large, supposedly April 3, 1920, in Philadelphia. His love ual acts as they are manifested in the Kyle M. Phillips Etruscan Gallery of ancient terracotta Etruscan warriors of collecting began when, as a boy, he archaeological record. She considered the University Museum, for which she were forgeries. In a 1970 article in the discovered hundreds of arrowheads at the different reasons why objects could published a catalog, and she has also New York Times, Mr. Noble explained his uncle's farm in New Jersey. be ritually damaged, such as to initiate worked with the collections at the how he made the discovery: "one day I He pursued premedical studies at a space, or to prepare objects for ritual Manchester Museum, the Liverpool walked around to the derrière of one of the University of Pennsylvania, where deposition or for the tomb, or even, as Museum and the British Museum. She the warriors and took a penknife and, he met his first wife, Olive Mooney, an in the case of tesserae hospitales, to has published on a wide range of topics yes, took off a piece about the size of a anthropologist. After his first wife died, create a social relationship. Most of the in Etruscan studies, including works on pin." he married Lois Cook Cartwright in papers presented at the conference, as Etrusco-Phoenician trade, roof con- With analysis and testing, Mr. 1979. In addition to his wife, Mr. well as papers by Gilda Bartoloni, struction, shipbuilding, anatomical Noble recognized a substance in the Noble is survived by his daughter, Dominique Briquel, Iefke van Kampen, votives and the brontoscopic calendar glaze as a chemical that first came into Josette Gamble; two stepsons, Alan and Fay Glinister and Stephan Steingräber continued on page16 use in the 19th century. He determined Bruce Cartwright; and five grandchil- that the sculptures, which were thought dren. Two sons, Ashley and Laurence to be about 2,500 years old at the time, Noble, died before him. LANGUAGE had actually been forged in Italy After college he worked as a cam- between 1914 and 1918. eraman for educational-film companies Inscribed Bucchero Mr. Noble also declared a famous and also as a studio manager for WPTZ, ancient Greek horse statue in the Met's a Philadelphia television station. Fragment from Poggio collection to be bogus after noticing a During World War II, Mr. Noble Civitate (Murlo) seam running around the tip of the served in the camera branch of the by Rex Wallace horse's nose. He said that the line indi- Signal Corps in Long Island City, cated that the 15-inch horse was cast in Queens. After the war, he worked as a process not invented until the 14th the executive vice president of Film The inscribed artifact pictured here century. But five years and many sci- Counselors in New York. was recovered during the 2007 summer entific examinations later, a group of Around this time he started collect- excavation season at Poggio Civitate four Metropolitan experts concluded ing ancient Greek vases and other antiq- (Murlo, Italy). Excavators under the that the horse was an "irrefutably gen- uities, and in 1966, he owned the largest direction of Anthony Tuck of the uine work of antiquity." private collection of Athenian vases in University of Massachusetts Amherst While Mr. Noble exposed forged the United States. recovered the bucchero fragment from pieces of art, he also openly created Mr. Noble was the Met's vice direc- an area just north of the Orientalizing Inscribed Bucchero Fragment some of his own. Through his research tor of operations from 1967 to 1970. period workshop in a context that per- rect, then the form is noteworthy of Egyptian and Greek ceramic materi- He started at the museum in 1956 as an mits it to be dated to ca. 600 BCE or because the lower bar is positioned at al, he discovered the secrets of the tech- operating administrator, a newly creat- earlier. The artifact number is Poggio the very bottom of the vertical. The niques used in making the ancient art. ed position mostly concerned with busi- Civitate 2007-0107. final letter is nu. The vertical bar He made a hobby out of creating repli- ness supervision. The fragment belongs to the wall of extends well below the other bars of the cas in a kiln at his home in Maplewood. When he arrived at the Museum of a buccheroid vessel, which is broken on letter. He later published a book on his the City of New York, it had been pri- all sides. The surface is worn and pitted. The inscription may be transcribed research, The Techniques of Painted marily concerned with New York histo- Three letters, written in sinistroverse as ]avn[. The letters preserve a syllable Attic Pottery. ry. Mr. Noble worked to make his exhi- direction, are visible on the convex sur- of a word, but what that word might be In 1970 Mr. Noble left the Met to bitions more contemporary and accessi- face of the fragment. The top portion of cannot be determined. Unfortunately, as become the director of the Museum of bile. the first letter is missing due to a break is the case with so much of the the City of New York. At that museum, In a 1972 interview, he said, "I feel in the ceramic, but there is little doubt inscribed material recovered from Mr. Noble organized a widely discussed we should keep one foot in the past. that it is an alpha. The second letter is Poggio Civitate, we must be satisfied and controversial exhibition called The past is only prologue, but unless probably wau. The lower portion of an with the recovery of a tiny piece of "Drug Scene" in 1971. The exhibit was you know what the prologue is, you epsilon is possible, but that would yield what must have been a larger and rich- can't really know the present." a letter roughly twice the size of the others on the fragment. If wau is cor- er body of writing. Page 12 New Light on inscription can be read …ve,whichis 3:The Etruscan inscription from Ampurias. woman, dating from the end of the 6th preceded by a letter of which only two century and the beginning of the 5th. Etruscans outside Etruria oblique lines survive.4 Other Etruscan The third piece emerged during the Etruscan Inscriptions inscriptions discovered recently in excavations of 1987, in the sector of the and Offerings in the Marseilles or in the Grand Ribaud F sanctuary of Aesculapius, in the south- shipwreck have been interpreted as ern area of the Greek city: it is the Western Mediterranean property marks, or indications related to clawed foot of a tripod, of which one of the production and commerce of the three lateral faces bears the very vis- by Jean Gran-Aymerich, CNRS- Etruscan vases. This is not the case ible inscription, car, and is datable to ENS, Paris with this inscription, which perhaps the end of the 4th century (fig. 3). The Translated by Jane Whitehead was originally a long one, with its large letters are deeply engraved, apparently letters carefully inscribed into the most before firing. The highly visible nature I recently presented in Philadelphia visible part of a local amphora. Found G. Colonna, recognises it as an Etruscan of this inscription is clearly different some little-known documents that con- in a space of political and ritual charac- inscription written in the Ionian alpha- from the characters or isolated signs on firm the presence of Etruscan offerings ter, this text from Marseilles shows a bet used at Marseilles, and reads: "mi the backs of certain bronze pieces, as, or gifts in western Mediterranean sanc- great similarity to that of the Etruscan unipi fit[…]." This may be a dedication for example the Agde tripod. tuaries. Up to now, this phenomenon inscription from the end of the 6th cen- to the goddess Uni: "the sole indication Finally, one must recall the most had only been noted, outside of Etruria tury on a Laconian cup, found in the outside of Etruria of a cult, probably astonishing of the Etruscan inscriptions and Italic territory, in the eastern sanctuary of Aphaia at Aegina, which private, dedicated to the great Etruscan found in the western Mediterranean; it Mediterranean.1 Among the first pieces attests to the participation of an Goddess, whose greatest sanctuary was was discovered in 1898 at Carthage, in 5 of evidence for the history of Etruscan that of Pyrgi." We recall here that the a tomb of the Sainte-Monique necropo- commercial enterprises in the West are last excavations and surveys performed lis. It is a tessera hospitalis, the reverse several inscriptions, which are excep- at this exemplar of Provençal prehisto- of which designates its owner, one tional documents in that they represent ry (in the years 1970-1980) revealed Puinel Karthazies, who would have the only epigraphic evidence from the architectural elements reused in received this "passport" in southern Archaic period outside of Italy. The Hellenistic structures, which suggest Etruria around the middle of the 6th inscription on a lead plate from Pech- the existence of an indigenous sanctu- century.7 It is important to observe that Maho, near Narbonne in Languedoc, ary on the summit plateau, comparable the scribe who wrote on the Carthage deserves particular mention as the to those at Roquepertuse, Entremont tessera hospitalis refers to its holder not longest Etruscan text from the farthest and Glanum. only as Karthazies, "Carthaginian," but western Mediterranean (fig. 1). The port emporium of Lattes is situ- also as Puinel; he thus offers the first ated at the foot of the site of One side is written in Greek, the 1: The Etruscan inscription from Pech-Maho. epigraphic example of the ethnic deter- other carries an Etruscan text of about Substantion, across from Montpelier. minant, a "Punic," and a "Punic from 25-30 words, with no apparent link to Numerous grafitti have been identified, Carthage." the former. We probably have here a several of which, on Etruscan vases in The very characteristic Etruscan commercial document, which, from a late bucchero and impasto, present objects discovered at Malacca (Malaga) philological point of view, seems to female first names and testify to the might also be interpreted as "markers" show affinities to the inscriptions of presence of Etruscan women. The of the passage of Etruscans coming Aleria on Corsica; it provides the first recent discovery of a stone statue from from Caere and Vulci: the same may be epigraphic mention of Matalia the 5th century suggests the existence said, for Caere, of the small bucchero (Marseilles)2 and can be dated to the of a sanctuary, to which could belong amphorae with incised decoration from 2: The Etruscan inscription from College the inscription painted on a second half of the 5th century. Vieux Port, Marseille. the end of the 7th century and, for The Etruscan inscription from the "Spurinnas"-type plate, the only find of Vulci, the bronze handle with the Collège Vieux-Port de Marseille was Etruscan in a ritual meal. The inscrip- this kind outside of coastal Etruria and ephebe from the end of the 6th century. found during the excavations of 2005 in tion from the Collège Vieux-Port also Populonia. At the present time we are researching the heart of the city, at the base of the would attest to a ceremony, in the Ampurias has furnished the first the Etruscan offerings in south-western Butte Saint-Laurent (fig. 2).3 Houses course of which an Etruscan-speaking Etruscan inscription from the Iberian Mediterranean sites (Carthage, Malaga, dating from the second half of the 6th person would have honored an assem- peninsula. This Greek colony and La Algaida) and relating them to com- century were destroyed around 540-530 bly of banqueters with the wine con- indigenous settlement of Ullastret has mercial enterprises in the areas of BC in order to erect a large rectangular tained in the vessel. produced, besides the most common Phoenician-Punic influence.8 building of 12 x 18 meters, divided into Saint-Blaise has yielded an Etruscan ceramics (bucchero, amphorae, Etrusco-corinthian vases), Notes two identical spaces and enclosing sev- Etruscan inscription written in remark- 1. J. Gran-Aymerich, “Gli Etruschi fuori objects completely unheard-of outside eral back-to-back constructions. The able Greek characters. This port town d’Etruria: dons et offrandes étrusques en 6 destruction levels of these 6th-century near Martigues has produced the largest Italian territory. There is, for example, Mediterranée occidentale et dans l’Ouest de spaces yielded fragments of painted concentration of Etruscan ceramics in a cup a maschera umana from the mid- l’Europe,” forthcoming in Mlach Mlakas. plaster and an assemblage of pottery the South, as well as grafitti, whose dle of the 6th century, found with sever- Votives, Places, Rituals in Etruscan Religion. Studies in Honor of Jean and amphorae of exceptional quality. number will increase as older collec- al other complete vases in a "hallazgo MacIntosh Turfa (Brill). The assemblage has been interpreted as tions of finds are re-examined. The last cerrado," closed context, at Ullastret; epigraphic discovery was found on the we prefer to interpret this context as a 2. M. Cristofani, “Novità sul commercio evidence for a public banquet space, a etrusco arcaico: dal relitto del Giglio al con- base of an Attic black gloss cup with a votive rather than funerary deposit. dining room, within a sanctuary. It is tratto di Pech- Maho,” in J. Swaddling, S. Among the Etruscan finds from from this context that emerged the low foot, a "Castulo Cup," which can be Walzer, and P. Roberts, eds., Italy in Etruscan text inscribed onto the upper dated to around 450, and whose text Ampurias, three seem to us to be offer- Europe: Economic Relations 700 BC - AD part of a late 6th-century wine amphora presents difficulties in reading. The ings: two statuettes of Etrusco-umbrian 50. British Museum, London 1992. (London made in Marseilles. The end of this most recent interpretation, proposed by type, a nude warrior and a draped 1995) 131-37. G. Colonna,“Graffiti etruschi Continued on page 16 Page 13 mentioned above. crude hand is what MR claims to be an an Etruscan name, which leads me to REVIEWS MR offers several transcriptions. Etruscan inscription . It was written in wonder if MR’s reading is correct. The The variants are based on different dextroverse direction. It is very third letter looks like a kappa. The hor- interpretations of the function of the difficult, if not impossible, to izontal bars are located near the mid- Review by first sign of the inscription and on dif- makeout letterforms. MR offers section of the vertical. If the final letter Rex Wallace ferent phonological interpretations of the following interpretation: is indeed a 3-bar sigma despite the odd vu[.]i[.]u titei arkies Russo, Mario. 2005. Sorrento. Una the letter wau. The possibilities, as enu- orientation, then one could read . merated by MR, are: This name may be compared to the nuova iscrizione paleoitalica in (1a) | ruvieis || pavieis || Oscan personal name arkiia incised on alfabeto ‘nucerino’ e altre (1b) uruvieis || pavieis || a wall at Pompeii (Po 68). Following iscrizioni arcaiche dalla Collezione (2a) | rufieis || pafieis || this line of interpretation, one could Fluss. Capri: Oebalus. ISBN 88- (2b) urufieis || pafieis || treat the language of this inscription as 89097-04-3. 124 pp. After weighing the strengths and Pre-Samnite and the ending -es as weaknesses of each possibility, MR another example of the Pre-Samnite This short book by Mario Russo chooses — correctly so in my opinion genitive singular showing monophthon- (hereafter MR) has as its topic three — transcription (2a) as the most likely. gization of original *-eys.5 inscriptions incised on bucchero vessels The first sign in the inscription is a hor- The idea that this "inscription" is For scholars interested in the lan- in the Collezione Fluss at Sorrento. The izontal stroke from which a short Etruscan is based on MR’s reading of guages of ancient Italy, the recovery inscribed artifacts were among the oblique bar rises up. This sign does not the final letters as titei. According to and publication of "new" archaic materials rediscovered by MR when he resemble the upsilon in word one and so MR titei is a feminine first name corre- inscriptions is always a reason to cele- inventoried the collection for the probably serves to mark the beginning sponding to the masculine name tite.I brate. Of the three inscriptions present- Soprintendenza di Archeologia di of the inscription. One can compare the am very skeptical of both reading and ed in MR, inscription 1 is particularly Napoli. The find spots of the artifacts function of this sign with the signs used interpretation. I do not see how the let- important because it not only con- are unknown, but they almost certainly to mark the beginning of inscriptions Ps ters proposed by MR match up with the tributes to the scholarly debate about come from tombs in one of the archaic 4 and Ps 5. The idea that wau stands for incisions that are visible on the ceram- the features of palaeo-Italic alphabets necropoleis on the Sorrentine peninsu- the sound /f/ is now supported by the ic. To be sure, some incisions, such as but also raises the issue of the linguistic la. The logbook of Roberto Fluss, the function of this sign in the recently pub- the first, resemble letter forms, but features of the Sabellic language(s) man responsible for assembling the lished inscription of Tortora.4 whether this is intentional, or wishful spoken in southern Campania before antiquities in the collection, confirms Names built from the root ruf- thinking on the part of the editor, is the arrival of the Oscan-speaking Sorrento as the area where the artifacts "ruddy" are well attested in Italic. another matter. I leave the interpretation Samnites. were recovered, even though their pre- Examples are: Faliscan rufia “Rufia”, of these incisions as letter forms sub Notes cise location is not mentioned. first name, nom. sg.; South Picene iudice. 1. Pre-Samnite, or Opic as it is some- The centerpiece of the book is a rufra “Rufra”, first name, nom. sg.; The third inscription discussed by times called, is the name of the lan- PreSamnite or Opic1 inscription incised Paleo-Umbrian ruf[r]ah “Rufra”,first MR was incised on the exterior of a guage spoken by the Italic inhabitants in sinistroverse direction on the exterior name, dat. sg. (?); Oscan rufriis shallow ceramic bowl in dextroverse of Campania, Lucania, and Bruttium in of a bucchero dish that dates to ca. 500 “Rufrius”, family name, nom. sg.; and direction. The alphabet is Etruscan- the period before the invasion of the Paelignian RUFRIES “Rufrius”, fami- based. Oscan-speaking Samnites at the end of ly name, nom. sg. Pre-Samnite rufieis is the 5th c. BCE. Pre-Samnite belongs to the masculine counterpart of the femi- the Sabellic branch of the Italic lan- nine first name attested in Faliscan. The guage family (the other branch is BC. The inscription name pafieis, on the other hand, does Latino-Faliscan); it appears to bear a was written in a not have comparada. MR’s attempt to greater linguistic affinity to South Palaeo-Italic alphabet 2 connect it with the Oscan name papeis Picene, the Sabellic language spoken in similar to that found (gen. sg.) is a linguistic dead end. the southern half of ancient Picenum, on two 6th century The inscription is, as MR notes, a than to Oscan or to Umbrian, the more Pre-Samnite inscrip- proprietary text. The names are inflect- celebrated members of the Sabellic tions on wine pitchers ed in the genitive singular. According to branch. recovered from the MR the first name of owner of the bowl 2. For discussion of this alphabet and Sorrentine peninsula, is followed by a patronymic, that is to others in pre-Roman Italy see H. Rix, one from Nuceria say, the first name of the owner’s father, "Alphabete im vorrömische (Ps 4) , the other from "(bowl) of Rufis, (son) of Pafis." MR Kampanien," in T. Ganshow and M. Vico E qu ense (Ps 5) 3 supports his analysis by pointing to two Steinhardt eds., Otium. Festschrift für Compared to other Italic alphabets of Oscan inscriptions, Cm 22 and Cm 28, The bowl dates to the first quarter of Volker Michael Strocka (2005 this early period, this alphabet has truly which he claims have this same linguis- the 5th century BC. The letter forms are Remshalden-Grunbach) 323-330. distinctive features. The letter samekh, tic structure. Unfortunately, they do not. arranged somewhat irregularly with 3. Sabellic inscriptions are cited from which represents the /s/ sound, is in the Indeed, there is no inscription in the respect to one another. Some letters H. Rix’s Sabellische Texte (2002 form a tree with 6 bars. The letter wau entire Sabellic corpus that has this recline, e.g. rho, lambda or iota,and Heidelberg). has the shape of a C, but the top and structure. It seems more likely, then, sigma, others are upright. Alpha is writ- 4. See M. L. Lazzarini and P. Poccetti, bottom strokes flare out at the end. The that the second name is to be treated as ten upside down. The readings offered L’iscrizione paleo-italica da Tortora unusual orientation of the letters — a family name. I therefore interpret by MR are shown in (4). He suggests (2001 Napoli). most were placed on their sides — and rufieis pafieis as first name + family that this is an Etruscan name inflected 5. For other examples of Pre-Samnite the use of vertical lines as punctuation name: "(the bowl) of Rufis Pafiis." in the genitive case. genitive singulars in -es, including PS 4 to separate words also tie this inscrip- Scratched over the initial portion of (4a) arvles (4b) arvies andPS5,seeH.Rix,Sabellische Texte, tion to the Pre-Samnite inscriptions the Pre-Samnite inscription in a very Unfortunately neither reading yields 71.

Page 14 Brief Reviews own countries. If this makes the writing but also experience, sensitivity, and Brief Reviews of the ultimate and encompassing histo- trained eyes. All of these elements by Larissa Bonfante by Francesco de Angelis ry of archaeology a somewhat utopian were happily there in the case of the project, it also underscores the impor- most important discovery presented in Marzabotto, an Etruscan Town,ed. tance of different points of view, and this volume, which is devoted to recent Gli Etruschi di Volterra. by Elisabetta Govi. Bologna: Ante provides a constant reminder of how finds and restorations of Etruscan arti- Capolavori da Grandi Musei Quem, 2007. deeply connected nationalism and facts of the Archaeological Museum of Europei. Volterra per Enrico Fiumi This small but useful and richly archaeology have been—and in many Chiusi. 1976-2006. Milan: Federico Motta illustrated book is a very convenient respects still are. In 2003 a local hunter found a tiny Editore, 2007. introduction to Marzabotto, one of the fragment of a Greek vase in the area of This is the catalogue of an extraor- Etruscan centers whose urban layout La Tomba della Quadriga Fonte Rotella, i.e. the necropolis from dinary exhibit. It was held in the we know best. Infernale, by Alessandra Minetti. which the François Krater, this master- Palazzo dei Priori of Volterra to com- Aimed at a wide readership, the Roma: "L'Erma" di Bretschneider, piece of Archaic Attic vase-painting, memorate the thirtieth anniversary of volume is not structured as a traditional 2006. comes. The hunter duly consigned the the death of the energetic Enrico Fiumi, guide. Instead, it loosely focuses on The Tomb of the Infernal Quadriga fragment to the Chiusi Museum, whose long the Director of the Museo typologies of buildings (temples, hous- was discovered in the countryside of director, Dr. Mario Iozzo, soon identi- Guarnacci, who was responsible, es and workshops), on urban facilities Sarteano in 2003. In 2006, less than fied it as belonging to a krater known among other projects, for the excava- (streets, wells, etc.), activities (crafts, three years afterwards, it had not only since the 19th century and currently tion of the city’s handsome Roman imports), on necropoleis, as well as on been restored and made accessible to kept in the Archaeological Museum in Theater using the manpower of the the post-Etruscan phases of the town's the public, but also thoroughly pub- Florence. In this way it became possible local mental hospital. The exhibit runs history. Long-known elements, such as lished in a scholarly sound and yet far to confirm the provenance of the whole from July 21, 2007 to January 8, 2008, the closely associated houses and work- from unappealing manner. vase from the Chiusine necropolis of and brings back to Volterra some of its shops, or the cultual buildings of the Many readers will by now be Fonte Rotella. This is all the more rele- most important monuments presently acropolis, are of course presented and already familiar with the amazing deco- vant since the main frieze of the vase housed in various museums. The oppor- concisely described. But the volume ration of the tomb, whose main compo- depicts a cortege of divinities on the tunity to see them together once more in includes also more recent finds, such as nents are the chariot pulled by fantastic occasion of the wedding of Peleus and the city where they were made and the temple of Tinia, the Etruscan Zeus, animals and driven by an uncanny Thetis, a theme that figures prominent- brought to light brings a renewed appre- whose investigation started in 1999 and demon, the banquet scene with two ly also on the François Vase. As Iozzo ciation of the vitality and creativity of which has forced us to change many of male figures reclining on a couch and has rightly stressed, moreover, the this ancient Etruscan city and the ener- the assumptions about the religious life being attended by a young servant, the "new" krater was made in the workshop gy of its modern heirs, some of which and the urbanistic concept of the town. three-headed serpent and the sea-mon- of Sophilos, another famous vase- was captured in the material on view in ster in the back of the tomb. In this book painter working in Athens in the first the exhibit. Les chercheurs du passé, 1798- they will find a careful description of all half of the 6th c. BCE. It is likely, The catalogue, which is luxuriously 1945. Aux sources de l'archéologie, these images and a perceptive discus- therefore, that in these decades printed, with color photographs, many by Éve Gran-Aymerich. Paris: CNRS sion of many of the issues they raise: Chiusine aristocrats, whose tombs were of them large scale, contains many sur- Èditions, 2007. from the sketchy outlines incised as located close to each other, were partic- prises, including the consistently high As for all scholars, also for archae- preliminary drawings before the execu- ularly fond of certain themes that quality and variety of the material. ologists it is important to be aware of tion of the paintings, which allow us to allowed to express and transfigure élite There is the much-published mirror the previous history of their field. Many understand how the artisans worked, to social values (the wedding procession with the bearded Hercle nursing at the of the questions we face today have the question of the sex of the charioteer for Peleus of Thetis is a celebration of breast of Uni, brought down from the already been addressed in the past, and demon (Minetti argues that it is male), the community of the gods and of the Florence Archaeological Museum. We very often the issues we have to deal or of the relationship between the two bonds that hold it together); to this pur- see the typical Volterran ceramics, male bronzetti with have been shaped in decisive ways men on the kline (relatives or lovers?). pose they gladly used images made by and female , and alabaster by our predecessors. Therefore every No less relevant are the objects the best Attic vase-painters. The vol- urns, as well as archaeological terracot- contribution to the knowledge of the found inside the tomb, which are also ume has beautiful pictures and draw- tas and votives from recently excavated discipline's historiography should be published in the book. Worth mention- ings of the krater; a thorough publica- sanctuaries. The spectacular statues and greeted most warmly. ing are the red-figure kylix belonging to tion of it, again by M. Iozzo, will other finds from Casale Marittimo are This book is the one-volume (and the "Clusium group", which supports appear in the Festschrift for H.A.G. explained and illustrated by the excava- reduced-prize) version of a publication the date of the tomb to the 330s BCE, Snijders (ed. by E. Moormann). tor, Anna Maria Esposito. Chapters by that was issued in two volumes in 1998 and especially the big alabaster sar- Giovannangelo Camporeale, Adriano and 2001. Its first part recounts the his- cophagus with a reclining figure on the Notices of Articles Maggiani, Marisa Bonamici, tory of archaeology from the 18th cen- lid, which was found shattered in frag- Giandomenico De Tommaso, and tury to the Second World War; its sec- ments and represents the earliest exam- T.P. Wiseman, "Andrea Carandini and Gabriele Cateni deal with chronological ond part is an alphabetical list of entries ple of its class in the territory of ancient Roma Quadrata", in Accordia Research and other aspects of the archaeology of with brief biographies of archaeologists Chiusi. Papers 10 (2004-06), 103-125. Volterra. who were active in that same period. Due to the nationality of the author, it is Materiali dimenticati, memorie Francesca R. Serra Ridgway, Sirano, Francesco, ed. Il Museo di no wonder that French archaeology is recuperate. Restauri e acquisizioni "Revisiting the Etruscan Underworld", Teanum Sidicinum. Guida Rapida. Soprintendenza per i Beni given particular attention. This should nel Museo Archeologico Nazionale in Accordia Research Papers 10 (2004- not be seen as a shortcoming, however. Archeologici di Napoli e Caserta. di Chiusi, ed. by Mario Iozzo. 06), 127-141. On the contrary, as a matter of fact, Electa Napoli, 2007. Chiusi: Edizioni Luì, 2007. scholars tend to have a better grasp on, As noted in the Introduction by Scholarly progress in the field of and easier access to, sources related to Maria Luisa Nava, Archaeological archaeology requires fortune and luck, Soprintendente for the Provinces of the developments of the field in their Continued on page 16 Page 15 Reviews continued from 15 Naples and Caserta, this archaeological Mediterranean, with a few notable museum is one of a group of local exceptions, in particular, Egypt. museums that opened in the area of the Following hard on the heels of the Casertano between 1995 and 2004, remarkable and extremely successful according to a plan originally designed exhibit, Guerriero e Sacerdote, by Fausto Zevi and carried out by "Warrior and Priest," featuring the sym- Stefano De Caro. bolism of the archaeological remains The Sidicini, whose material culture relating to the image of the eighth-cen- is documented in this institution, are tury B.C. "princes" of this northern city, mentioned in Latin literature. Vergil this exhibit on the lives of the women of names them in the Aeneid (7.727-728) Verucchio reflects the world of the elite among the Italic tribes preparing to "princesses" in whose wealthy graves fight with Turnus against Aeneas. were found the splendid jewels and This recently created museum – it dresses they wore in death, and which was inaugurated in 2001-- dedicated to symbolized the importance of the role Participants in the conference in honor of Jean MacIntosh Turfa. In their history is located in the Loggione, they played in the society of these early front: Hilary Becker and Margarita Gleba, organizers. Behind (L- a handsome late Gothic building of the times alongside their fathers, husbands R): Natalie Stevens, Nancy de Grummond, Bouke van der Meer, fourteenth century where, as in the case and sons, and the objects of everyday Ingrid Edlund-Berry, Marshall Becker, C. Brian Rose, P. Gregory of other post-World War II archaeologi- life they took with them. Warden, Larissa Bonfante, Jean MacIntosh Turfa, Ann Brownlee, cal Museums, including the Villa Giulia The ongoing excavations of the Jean Gran-Aymerich. in Rome, Italian design has found a cre- necropolis continue to bring out wood- Etrusco-Phoenician trade, roof con- She has taught at several universities, ative solution to the problem of creating en furniture – thrones, tables, stools --, struction, shipbuilding, anatomical including, most recently, Saint Joseph's an appropriate museum and exhibition bronze belts, amber and glass paste votives and the brontoscopic calendar University, Dickinson College, and the space while remaining true to the build- jewelry, wool-working equipment. continued on page16 University of Pennsylvania. At Bryn ing’s origin. Amber distaffs, meant as luxurious sta- Turfa Continued from page 14 Mawr, where she taught from 1989 to Unlike older museums, which are tus symbols rather than utilitarian based on earlier collections, this muse- objects, were often placed in the New Light Continued from page 13 um contains local material excavated in wealthy tombs of women and girls: in Linguadoca,” Studi Etruschi 48 (Florence 1980) 181-85, and idem., “A proposito della the twentieth century, some of it in very over thirty had been found by the end of Notices of Articles recent times. The chronological range presenza etrusca nella Gallia meridionale,” the summer. Gli Etruschi da Genova ad Ampurias. Atti extends from the fifth century B.C. The reviewer can only urge readers Armando Cherici, "Un motivo etrusco del XXIV convegno di Studi Etruschi ed through the late Roman and early to go to Verucchio to see this exhibit, nel Sacrificio d’Isacco di Lorenzo Italici, Marseille-Lattes 2002, II (Pisa-Rome Christian period, and includes examples which is designed to appeal and intrigue Ghiberti." Annali dell’Università di 2006) 657-78. of the usual types of ceramic, bronze a variety of visitors, from children to Ferrara. Sezione Storia 3 (2006) 47-52 3. D. Briquel, L.-F. Gantès, J. Gran- and marble objects. scholars. In the catalogue, we can single . Aymerich, Ph. Mellinand, “Marseille, nou- Most striking are the originality, out the craftsmanship illustrated by the Armando Cherici,, "Per una scienza velles découvertes grecques et étrusques,” Archeologia 432 (April 2006) 36-43. creativity, and skill of the local coro- photograph of the complex weave of a etrusca 2: Templum, temli e rettangolo 4. G. Colonna has proposed the reading plasts, whose terracotta ex votos consist textile fragment from a woman’s grave, aureo." Science and Technology for of human figures represented with “YthveY“ and the interpretation “Ythe one as reconstructed; the original textiles Cultural Heritage 16 (2007) 9-29. Y unusually realistic features: pregnant from here “ in reference, not to the vase, were red and yellow, or blue and yellow but to its contents: “A proposito della pre- women, mothers with children on their plaid. This same kind of sophisticated Alessandro Naso, "Etruscan Style of senza etrusca nella Gallia meridionale,” Gli shoulders, women or goddesses with workmanship appears in the female Dying: Funerary Architecture, Tomb Etruschi da Genova ad Ampurias. Atti del tall hats, male figures, "heroically" leech-shaped fibulae, carefully put Groups, and Social Range at Caere and XXIV Convegno di Studi Etruschi ed Italici, nude, looking touchingly naked, or together from slices of amber and bone its Hinterland During the Seventh-Sixth Marseille-Lattes 2002, II (Pisa-Rome 2006) wearing handsome, painstakingly ren- (for the textile and fibulas, see pages Cnturies BC." Performing Death. 676. dered belts. 128-129), and in the carving of the Social Analyses of Funerary Traditions 5. Colonna, op. cit., 667-68, fig. 6, pl. Ic. 6. J. Gran-Aymerich, “Les Étrusques en scenes of wool working on the wooden in the Ancient Near East and Von Eles, Patrizia, ed. Le ore e i Gaule et en Ibérie: du mythe à la réalité des throne from the Tomba 89 Lippi. There Mediterranean, Nicola Lanieri, ed. dernières découvertes,” in J. Swaddling ed., giorni delle donne. Dalla quotidi- is an informative drawing showing how Oriental Institute Seminars 3. Chicago: Etruscans Now. The British Museum anitå alla sacralitå tra VIII e VII a woman, and a girl, would have been The Oriental Institute. 2007, 141-163. Twenty-Sixth Classical Colloquium secolo a.C. Museo Civico adorned, perhaps for their weddings as (London 2002), 45-75. Archaeologico di Verucchio. well as for the grave: dresses decorated Barry Powell, review of Nancy 7. A. Maggiani, “Dinamiche del Verucchio: Pazzini Stampatore with the tiny amber and glass paste Thomson de Grummond, Etruscan commercio arcaico: le tesserae hospitales,” Editore, 2007. beads found by the hundreds, amber Myth, Sacred History, and Legend. Gli Etruschi e il Mediterraneo. Commerci e politica (Annali della Fondazione per il This catalogue accompanies and disc earrings like those found also on Philadelphia, PA: University of Museo “Claudio Faina“) vol. XIII (Rome the other side of the Adriatic, bronze Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology records another spectacular exhibit of 2006) 319-21, figs. 1.1, 2.1. material from the site of Verucchio, belts, and of course, elaborate amber and Anthropology, 2006. In Bryn Mawr 8. J. Gran-Aymerich, “Les indices d’une near Rimini, where fortunate conditions fibulas. Classical Review 2007.06.16. présence étrusque à Carthage et leur signifi- of soil and climate favored the preser- cation,” forthcoming in J. M. Landau vation of organic material -- wood, tex- Moron, F. J. Gonzales Ponce, A. L. Chávez tiles, leather, wicker baskets and other Reino, eds., Libyae lustrare extrema. objects -- usually lost forever every- Realidad y literatura en la visi\n grecoro- where in Europe and the mana de Africa. Estudios en honor del pro- fessor Jehan Desanges. Page 16