Spined Echinostoma Spp.: a Historical Review
ISSN (Print) 0023-4001 ISSN (Online) 1738-0006 Korean J Parasitol Vol. 58, No. 4: 343-371, August 2020 ▣ INVITED REVIEW https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.343 Taxonomy of Echinostoma revolutum and 37-Collar- Spined Echinostoma spp.: A Historical Review 1,2, 1 1 1 3 Jong-Yil Chai * Jaeeun Cho , Taehee Chang , Bong-Kwang Jung , Woon-Mok Sohn 1Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea; 2Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; 3Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea Abstract: Echinostoma flukes armed with 37 collar spines on their head collar are called as 37-collar-spined Echinostoma spp. (group) or ‘Echinostoma revolutum group’. At least 56 nominal species have been described in this group. However, many of them were morphologically close to and difficult to distinguish from the other, thus synonymized with the others. However, some of the synonymies were disagreed by other researchers, and taxonomic debates have been continued. Fortunately, recent development of molecular techniques, in particular, sequencing of the mitochondrial (nad1 and cox1) and nuclear genes (ITS region; ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), has enabled us to obtain highly useful data on phylogenetic relationships of these 37-collar-spined Echinostoma spp. Thus, 16 different species are currently acknowledged to be valid worldwide, which include E. revolutum, E. bolschewense, E. caproni, E. cinetorchis, E. deserticum, E. lindoense, E. luisreyi, E. me- kongi, E. miyagawai, E. nasincovae, E. novaezealandense, E.
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