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Contribution À La Connaissance De L’Ultrastructure De La Spermiogenèse Et Du Spermatozoïde Des Digènes

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Contribution À La Connaissance De L’Ultrastructure De La Spermiogenèse Et Du Spermatozoïde Des Digènes Contribution à la connaissance de l’ultrastructure de la spermiogenèse et du spermatozoïde des Digènes Abdoulaye Jacque Sacodou Bakhoum ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX. No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tdx.cat) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de la tesis es obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora. WARNING. On having consulted this thesis you’re accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the TDX (www.tdx.cat) service has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized neither its spreading and availability from a site foreign to the TDX service. Introducing its content in a window or frame foreign to the TDX service is not authorized (framing). This rights affect to the presentation summary of the thesis as well as to its contents. In the using or citation of parts of the thesis it’s obliged to indicate the name of the author. À mes parents. À ma très chère femme et ma « petite maman » Debo Bintou. UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA FACULTAT DE FARMÀCIA DEPARTAMENT DE MICROBIOLOGIA I PARASITOLOGIA SANITÀRIES TESIS DOCTORAL CONTRIBUTION À LA CONNAISSANCE DE L’ULTRASTRUCTURE DE LA SPERMIOGENÈSE ET DU SPERMATOZOÏDE DES DIGÈNES BAKHOUM (2012) UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA FACULTAT DE FARMÀCIA DEPARTAMENT DE MICROBIOLOGIA I PARASITOLOGIA SANITÀRIES PROGRAMA DE DOCTORADO: Investigación, Desarrollo y Control de Medicamentos Contribution à la connaissance de l’ultrastructure de la spermiogenèse et du spermatozoïde des Digènes Memoria presentada por: ABDOULAYE JACQUE SACODOU BAKHOUM Para optar al título de Doctor por la Universidad de Barcelona Los Directores: Dr. Jordi Miquel Colomé Prof. Cheikh Tidiane Bâ Departament de Microbiologia i Département de Biologie animale, Parasitologia Sanitàries, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Universitat de Barcelona El Doctorando: Abdoulaye Jacque Sacodou Bakhoum Bakhoum (2012) Remerciements Remerciements Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre de la Collaboration entre les laboratoires : - de Parasitologie du Département de Microbiologie et Parasitologie Sanitaires de la Faculté de Pharmacie de l’Université de Barcelone, sous la tutelle de Monsieur le Docteur Jordi Miquel, - et de Biologie Évolutive, Écologie et Gestion des Écosystèmes du Département de Biologie Animale de la Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD) dirigé par Monsieur le Professeur Cheikh Tidiane Bâ. Cette Thèse a été subventionnée en partie par la bourse de la « Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación (MAEC-AECID) » (réfs. 2008-09 0000268861, 2009-10 0000448019, 2010-11 0000538055), le Projet de Coopération Interuniversitaire (PCI de la AECID) entre l’Espagne et le Sénégal (réfs. A/023428/09 et A/030039/10) et le Projet DURSI 2009-SGR-403. Je souhaite exprimer tous mes sincères remerciements à mes deux directeurs de thèse : Monsieur Jordi Miquel ou « Jordi » comme j’ai l’habitude de l’appeler. En nous demandant de vous appeler Jordi plusieurs barrières ont été du coup supprimées nous permettant de ne pas ressentir l’absence de nos proches. Je vous remercie plus que grandement de m’avoir enseigné, conseillé et guidé dans la découverte du monde fabuleux de l’ultrastructure. Je vous remercie pour votre confiance tout au long de ces années passées ensemble, de votre engagement inconditionnel, de votre patience suite à mon « espagnole d’ancien combattant » dont vous avez grandement participé à son amélioration, de votre courtoisie et bonne humeur permanente. N’ayant pas tous les mots nécessaires pour vous exprimer ma profonde gratitude, je ne pourrais terminer sans vous remercier d’avoir accepté de corriger cette thèse. Bakhoum (2012) Monsieur Cheikh Tidiane Bâ pour m’avoir soutenu du début à la fin de cette aventure, pour avoir guidé mes premiers pas de chercheur et pour avoir corrigé ce manuscrit malgré le peu de temps dont vous disposez. Votre patience, rigueur et courtoisie marquera toujours mes démarches quotidiennes et scientifiques. C’est un grand honneur pour moi de vous avoir comme directeur de thèse. Je souhaite exprimer mes profonds remerciements au personnel de la « Unitat de Microscòpia, Facultat de Medicina, Centres Científics i Tecnològics de la Universitat de Barcelona (CCiTUB) ». À Núria Cortadellas, Almudena García et Eva Fernández. Merci d’avoir accepté de m’enseigner les connaissances basiques pour la Microscopie Électronique, de m’avoir conseillé, encouragé, bref, je ne saurais citer tous les bienfaits dont vous m’avez fait bénéficier. Je remercie vivement le Docteur Catarina Eira pour avoir apporté des corrections judicieuses et des remarques utiles lors de la rédaction des différents articles en anglais. Je ne saurais oublier toute l’équipe des Laboratoires des deux Universités citées antérieurement. Merci spécial au Professeur Carlos Feliu « hasta aquí todo ha ido muy bien », c’est certain jusqu’ici tout s’est très bien passé. Merci pour m’avoir accueilli dans votre Département, je fais partie sans aucun doute de vos admirateurs. Merci spécial au Docteur Jordi Torres et aux Docteurs Juan Matías Segovia, Joan Carles Casanova, María Soledad Gómez, Isabel Montoliu, Alexis Ribas... je ne saurais tous les citer car il y a un célèbre proverbe wolof qui dit : « Kou lim joum »; celui qui commence à citer, oubliera sans aucun doute. Merci pour votre hospitalité, vos sourires et votre soutien. De l’autre coté de l’Atlantique, plus précisément à l’UCAD, je remercie mes collègues et amis du laboratoire. Merci à Aminata Sène, Aïssatou Bâ, Diegane Sène, Ayatoulaye Dione, Pape Mbagnick Diagne… là aussi « kou lim joum ». Merci à Adji Mama Marigo, nul doute que quelques lignes ne résumeraient pas tout ce qu’on a vécu comme binôme, te voilà finaliste de la coupe du « turundo »; juste Remerciements encore, un petit effort. Je souhaiterais juste que le Bon Dieu puisse prendre soin de toi. Je ne saurais terminer sans remercier du fond du cœur le Docteur Papa Ibnou Ndiaye, merci de m’avoir appris à poser mes premiers pas à Barcelone, de m’avoir soutenu et conseillé durant ces quatre ans. Sans aucun doute, l’empreinte de votre connaissance restera indélébile. Je remercie tous mes amis et membres de « l’Associació Catalana de Residents Senegalesos ». Merci à Abdou Mawa Ndiaye et sa famille, Fodé Mané, Omar Diatta, Pauline Diouf, Amadou Bocar Sam…là aussi « kou lim joum ». Par le biais de cette thèse je remercie mes parents proches ou lointains. Un Grand Merci, décollant de Saint-Louis, passant par Dakar et Fatick, et atterrissant à Ziguinchor où ma « petite vie » a vue le jour. Merci à mes frères et sœurs. Merci Papa, Merci Maman, j’aurais beaucoup aimé qu’elle soit là pour voir son fils grandir. La volonté de Dieu étant ce qu’elle est, je ne peux que la dédier des IKH- LASSI et prier pour que le Miséricordieux l’accueille dans son Paradis. Merci pour l’éducation que j’ai reçue, qu’Allah vous accorde toute Sa Grâce et Sa Miséricorde. Je souhaite également exprimer ma profonde gratitude aux rapporteurs et membres du Jury de cette thèse. Je suis très honoré de votre présence à tous dans mon jury de thèse. Sommaire SOMMAIRE Remerciements Abstract................................................................................................................................ 5 Resumen.............................................................................................................................. 7 PREMIER CHAPITRE : INTRODUCTION I- Introduction générale.................................................................................................. 43 I-1 Pourquoi les caractères ultrastructuraux ?............................................................ 45 I-2 Histoire de la classification chez les Digènes...................................................... 48 I-2-1 Approches moléculaires dans la classification des Digènes........................ 49 I-2-2 Approches ultrastructurales dans la classification des Digènes................... 50 I-3 État actuel des connaissances sur l’ultrastructure de la spermiogenèse et/ou du spermatozoïde
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