FAO Checklist of the parasites TECHNICAL of fishes of Viet Nam PAPER 369/2

by J. Richard Arthur Barriere, British Columbia Canada and

Bui Quang Te Research Institute for No. 1 Din Bang, Tien Son, Bac Ninh Viet Nam

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2006 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

ISBN 978-92-5-105635-6

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© FAO 2006 iii

PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT

This checklist is part of the continuing effort of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to address the need for information on the occurrence of diseases and pathogens of aquatic in the Asia-Pacific Region. Two previous checklists, published as FAO Fisheries Technical Papers Nos. 369 and 369/1, have summarized the parasites of of the and . These documents support the FAO/NACA regional strategy for the Development of Health Certification and Quarantine Guidelines for the Responsible Movement of Live Aquatic Animals in Asia, a programme involving 21 Asian nations, FAO, the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA), the World Organisation for Health (OIE [former denomination: Office international des épizooties]) and regional and international specialists. One of the goals identified under this strategy is the development of a comprehensive information database on aquatic animal health, the Aquatic Animal Pathogen and Quarantine Information System (AAPQIS; www.aapqis.org). Information provided via AAPQIS and through these checklists is intended to assist aquatic animal health workers, quarantine officers and policy-makers in developing national strategies to minimize the risks associated with the movement of pathogens of aquatic animals, and to make informed assessments on the possible threats presented by proposed movements of individual of live and shellfish between countries. Further information on the regional programme is found in the "Asia Regional Technical Guidelines on Health Management for the Responsible Movement of Live Aquatic Animals and the Beijing Consensus and Implementation Strategy" (FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 402).

Arthur, J.R.; Te, B.Q. Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Viet Nam. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 369/2. Rome, FAO. 2006. 133p.

ABSTRACT

This publication is a checklist summarizing information on the parasites of Vietnamese fishes contained in world literature dating from the earliest known record (Billet 1898) to the end of 2003. Information is presented in the form of parasite- and host-parasite lists and contains 453 named species of parasites (not including 4 nomina nuda), distributed among the higher taxa as follows: Protozoa - 48, Myxozoa - 33, - 151, Monogenoidea - 112, Cestoda - 16, Nematoda - 53, - 21, Hirudinea - 2, - 3, Copepoda - 12 and - 2. Many records of parasites not identified to species level are also included. The Parasite-Host List is organized on a taxonomic basis and provides information for each parasite species on the environment (freshwater, brackish water, marine), the location (site of infection) in or on its host(s), the species of host(s) infected, the known geographic distribution (by administrative division) in Viet Nam, and the published sources for each host and locality record. The Host-Parasite List is organized according to the of the hosts, and includes, for each host, the English language and local (Vietnamese) common names, environment (freshwater, brackish water, marine), status in Viet Nam (native or exotic), and information on the known distribution in Viet Nam of the parasites. Both lists are accompanied by remarks and footnotes, as warranted, giving specific information on points of systematics, nomenclature, possible misidentifications, introductions, etc. Citations are included for all references, as well as parasite and host indices. The following new taxonomic combinations are made: Elongoparorchis siamensis (Oshmarin, 1965) n. comb.; Capillaria ariusi (Parukhin, 1989) n. comb., Falcaustra babei (Ky, 1971) n. comb. and Neocamallanus trichogasterae (Pearse, 1933) n. comb.

The parasite fauna of fishes of Viet Nam has received considerable attention, particularly by scientists of the former Soviet Union, in the marine environment, and by Vietnamese and Czech freshwater scientists. Nevertheless, parasites have been recorded from only about ten percent of the more than 1 300 species of marine and freshwater fish occurring in the waters of Viet Nam. Knowledge of freshwater fauna is hampered by a lack of descriptive work and by many probable misidentifications of parasites, due to the tendency of Vietnamese workers to report European species from the local fish fauna.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to thank a number of colleagues who kindly provided critical comments on sections of the manuscript. These include J. Lom (Protozoa), D.C. Kritsky (Monogenoidea), D.I. Gibson and R.A. Bray (), J.S. Mackiewicz (Caryophyllidea), T. Scholz (other Cestoda), F. Moravec (Nematoda), Z. Kabata (Copepoda), W.J. Poly (Branchiura) and E.M. Burreson (Hirudinea). M. Kottelat kindly reviewed the list of host species and provided valuable comments on host taxonomy, distribution and possible misidentifications. The assistance of Phan Thi Van, R.P. Subasinghe, S.E. McGladdery, T.E. McDonald, D.J. Marcogliese, M. Bondad- Reantaso, D.I. Gibson and R.A. Bray in obtaining essential literature is gratefully acknowledged. Z. Kabata assisted with translation of some difficult passages in the Russian language. We especially thank Phan Thi Van for answering many questions, Dao Huy Giap for translating Vietnamese literature, and R.P. Subasinghe for arranging publication of this volume.

English translations of all Vietnamese literature cited in this checklist were prepared by Mr Dao Huy Giap, through a contract provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Edited copies of working translations are available on-line from the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA), through the Aquatic Animal Pathogen and Quarantine System (AAPQIS) Web site: http://www.enaca.org/Health/AAPQIS.htm.

Authors’addresses:

J. Richard Arthur Box 1216 Barriere, B.C. Canada V0E 1E0

Bui Quang Te Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 1 Din Bang, Tien Son, Bac Ninh Viet Nam

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CONTENTS

Preparation of this document iii Abstract iii Acknowledgements iv Abbreviations vi

INTRODUCTION 1

PARASITE-HOST LIST 7

HOST-PARASITE LIST 77

REFERENCES 113

PARASITE INDEX 123

HOST INDEX 131

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Abbreviations

AAPQIS Aquatic Animal Pathogen and Quarantine Information System AG An Giang Province B brackish water BD Binh Duong Province BK Bac Kan Province BN Bac Ninh Province CB Cao Bang Province CT Can Tho Province Dist. distribution DT Dong Thap Province F freshwater FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GTA Gulf of GTO Gulf of Tonkin HB Ha Bac Province HCM Thanh Pho Ho Chih Minh Municipality HG Ha Giang Province HH Hai Hung Province HN Ha Noi Municipality HNA Ha Nam Province HP Hai Phong Municipality HTA Ha Tav Province HTI Ha Tinh Province KG Kien Giang Province KH Khanh Hoa Province LA Long An Province LC Lao Chai Province M marine MH Minh Hai Province MRD River Delta NACA Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific NB Ninh Binh Province NV northern Viet Nam PH Phu Tho Province QN Quang Ninh Province RRD Red River Delta SCS South SV southern Viet Nam TG Tien Giang Province VP Vinh Phu Province

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INTRODUCTION

The first study of fish parasites in the in the literature for each species. territory of what is now known as Viet Nam In reviewing the literature for Viet dates back to the late nineteenth century, Nam, it was apparent that occasional when Dr Albert Billet (1856–1915), a misidentifications have been made. Although a medical doctor and parasitologist in the detailed review of each species was beyond the French army, described Distomum scope of this checklist, we have noted those taxa hypselobagri, a new species of digenean that that we believe are unlikely to occur in the he found in the swimbladder of a silurid fish waters of Viet Nam, in the hope that future (Billet 1898). workers will examine these taxonomic However, the systematic study of problems more closely. Also, a few of the Vietnamese fish parasites began only in the parasite taxa reported in the literature for Viet 1960s, when an intensive survey of the Nam were determined to be species inquirendae helminths of marine fishes was undertaken by or nomina nuda. the Expeditions of the Pacific In the literature dealing with the Scientific-Research Institute for Fisheries parasites of fishes of Viet Nam, there are many Economics and Oceanography. This joint incorrect spellings of parasite names, host Soviet-Vietnamese effort examined some names and species authors’ names, and 6 000 animals (Parukhin 1964e). The marine incorrect attributions of dates of species fishes, collected mainly in the Gulf of Tonkin, authorship. Footnotes have been used when numbered some 4 000 specimens, and erroneous spellings of parasite names have been included representatives of over 90 families. consistently applied. Occasional typographical Particular attention was paid to the parasites of errors, misspellings of species' authors' names, commercially important species. The results of incorrect species attributions and incorrect dates these studies were published in Russian are not noted. Similarly, misspellings of host between 1961 and 1989 in a series of more specific names, with the few exceptions where than 20 papers written by P.G. Oshmarin, these have been widely applied, have been A.M. Parukhin, Yu.L. Mamaev, B.I. Lebedev corrected without comment using information and other Soviet helminthologists. They obtained primarily from FishBase (Froese and include descriptions of a large number of new Pauly 2003). genera and species and constitute much of the The Parasite-Host List is a basis of our knowledge of the parasite fauna of taxonomically arranged listing of all parasites marine fishes in . reported from the fishes of Viet Nam. The Beginning in the late 1960s, higher classification used is as follows: for the Vietnamese scientists began to study the Protista and Myxozoa, that of Lom and Dyková parasites of freshwater fishes. Most important (1992); for the Trematoda, that of Gibson is the work of Ha Ky between 1968 and 1971 (1996) and Gibson, Jones and Bray (2002); for on protozoans and helminths, and the studies the Monogenoidea, that of Boeger and Kritsky on nematode taxonomy written by Le-Van- (1993); for the Cestoidea, that of Khalil, Jones Hoa, Pham-Ngoc-Khue and colleagues and Bray (1994); for the Nematoda, that of between 1967 and 1972. More recently, this Anderson, Chabaud and Willmot (1974–1983) work has been continued by the extensive and Moravec (1998); for the Acanthocephala, surveys of Dr Bui Quang Te and colleagues at that of Amin (1985, 1987); for the Copepoda the Reseach Institute for Aquaculture No. 1, and Branchiura, that of Kabata (1979, 1988); near Hanoi, and by foreign scientists, such as for the Isopoda, that of Rafi (1988); and for the Drs Francik Moravec and Otto Sey of the and Hirudinea, that used by Czech Republic. As a result of these efforts, McDonald and Margolis (1995).1 the parasite fauna of Vietnamese fishes is The Parasite-Host List contains perhaps better known than that of any other country in the Southeast Asian region. 1 The six-kingdom classification of life provided by In compiling this checklist, we have Cavalier-Smith (1998) which incorporates much recent attempted to list only original reports appearing molecular data presents a much different higher classification than that used in this checklist.

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information for all parasite species reported cases, this has necessitated that the from Vietnamese fishes. For each parasite, the geographical distributions for parasites of currently recognized scientific name , including freshwater fishes be given as simply the author(s) and date(s), and any synonyms under Mekong River Delta (MRD) 3, the Red River which original records appeared, are given. Delta (RRD), northern Viet Nam (NV) or This is followed by the environment in which southern Viet Nam (SV). Similarly, records for the parasite normally completes its life cycle, parasites of marine fishes appearing in the indicated as freshwater (F), brackish water (B) Russian literature are typically given only as the or marine (M). As the life cycles of many Gulf of Tonkin (often given as North Vietnam Vietnamese fish parasites are unknown, this Bay), the Gulf of Thailand (often given as the information is drawn primarily from non- Gulf of Siam) or only as the South China Sea. 4 Vietnamese sources or from information on Although some of the latter records may collection locality and/or host biology. The involve fish collected outside the territorial Location gives the site of infection where the waters of Viet Nam (e.g., in the waters off parasite is normally found in or on the host. southwestern China), this is impossible to Under Hosts , the hosts are listed alphabetically determine and they are thus included in this by their currently recognized scientific names. checklist. For marine waters, the following In parentheses, following each host name, the abbreviations are used: Gulf of Tonkin (GTO), numbers for the references ( Records ) reporting Gulf of Thailand (GTH) and more broadly, the the parasite from the host in question are given. South China Sea (SCS). The distribution (Dist.) provides a summary of Records include the numbered the reported distribution of the parasite in Viet individual references containing the parasite Nam. records, each followed by detailed information Politically, Viet Nam is divided into 57 on the locality (ies) (administrative divisions) to provinces and four municipalities (see Figure which they pertain. Under Remarks comments 1). The following abbreviations are used to on various aspects, such as synonymies, indicate the administrative divisions for which pathogenicity, life cycles, zoonotic importance parasites of fishes collected in fresh or brackish and introductions are given. More specific waters have been reported: for muncipalities – notations on individual records are provided as Hai Phong (HP), Ha Noi (HN) and Thanh Pho footnotes . Ho Chih Minh (HCM); for provinces – Ang The Host-Parasite List is organized Giang (AG), Bac Kan (BK), Bac Ninh (BN), phylogenetically following the higher Binh Duong (BD), Can Tho (CT), Cao Bang classification of fishes given in the on-line (CB), Dong Thap (DT), Ha Bac (HB), Ha by W.N. Eschmeyer Giang (HG), Ha Nam (HNA), Ha Tay (HTA), (Eschmeyer 2003), with the genera and species Ha Tinh (HTI), Hai Hung (HH), Khanh Hoa within individual families arranged (KH), Kien Giang (KG), Lao Chai (LC), Long alphabetically. Information on the scientific and An (LA), Minh Hai (MH), Ninh Binh (NB), common names, status and environment of Phu Tho (PH), Quang Ninh (QN), Tien Giang fishes was obtained mainly from the species (TG) and Vinh Phu (VP). 2 Unfortunately, database of FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2003). Vietnamese authors have often not provided For each host, the following information is precise details of collection localities for given: the currently recognized scientific individual parasite/host records. Thus in many name , including species author(s), followed by any synonyms under which original parasite

2 Readers should note that since 1994 Ha Bac (HB) was split into Bac Giang and Bac Ninh provinces, Hai Hung was split into Hai Duong and Hung Yen provinces, Minh 3 Hai (MH) was split into Bac Lieu and Ca Mau The Mekong River is often referred to as the Cuulong provinces; Nam Ha was split into Ha Nam and Nam River by Vietnamese authors. 4 Dinh provinces; Bac Thai was split into Bac Kan and For example, Parukhin (1966a, 1967a) examined fish Thai Nguyen provinces; Quang Nam-Da Nang was split from the Gulf of Tonkin and the Gulf of Thailand, but did into Da Nang municipality and Quang Nam Province; not indicate the locality(ies) for individual parasite species; Song Be was split into Binh Duong and Binh Phuoc thus these records are listed only as pertaining to the South provinces and Vinh Phu was split into Phu Tho and Vinh China Sea. Phuc provinces.

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Figure 1. Administrative divisions of Viet Nam, grouped by region: North East - Bac Giang (11), Bac Kan (19), Bac Ninh (7), Cao Bang (20), Ha Giang (21), Lang Son (12), Lao Cai (23), Phu Tho (17), Quang Ninh (10), Thai Nguyen (13), Tuyen Quang (18), Vinh Phuc (14), and Yen Bai (22); North West - Hoa Binh (16), Lai Chau (24), and Son La (25); Red River Delta - Ha Nam (3), Ha Noi (municipality) (6), Ha Tay (15), Hai Duong (8), Hai Phong (municipality) (9), Hung Yen (5), Nam Dinh (2), Ninh Binh (1), and Thai Binh (4); North Central - Ha Tinh (28), Nghe An (27), Quang Binh (29), Quang Tri (30), Thanh Hoa (26), and Thua Thien-Hue (31); South Central Coast - Binh Dinh (37), Da Nang (municipality) (32), Khanh Hoa (39), Phu Yen (38), Quang Nam (33), and Quang Ngai (34); Central Highlands - Dac Lak (41), Gia Lai (36), and Kon Tum (35); North-East South - Ba Ria-Vung Tau (44), Binh Duong (48), Binh Phuoc (46), Binh Thuan (43), Dong Nai (45), Thanh Pho Ho Chi Minh (municipality) (49), Lam Dong (42), Ninh Thuan (40), and Tay Ninh (47); and Mekong River Delta - An Giang (58), Bac Lieu (61), Ben Tre (53), Ca Mau (63), Can Tho (59), Dong Thap (57), Kien Giang (62), Long An (50), Soc Trang (60), Tien Giang (52), Tra Vinh (54), and Vinh Long (56).

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records were made, the FishBase -recognized the first appearance in the published literature. English common name , the Vietnamese In keeping with our decision not to include common name (where available) 5, the host’s records appearing in theses in this checklist, Status in Viet Nam (native or exotic), and its other records appearing in Ky (1968a, 1969) typical Environment (freshwater, brackish, have not been listed. marine). This is followed by a listing of the In cataloguing papers by Vietnamese parasites reported for the host in question, authors, we have generally followed the normal arranged by higher taxon and listed convention of using the author’s family name, alphabetically. Following each parasite name, followed by the initials for given names; the distribution is summarized by however, an exception is made for the papers administrative division. Records that involve of Le Van Hoa, as in most of the papers possible parasite misidentifications are published in the western literature, the names of indicated by a question mark preceding the this author and his colleagues have appeared in parasite’s name. Finally, where appropriate, a hyphenated form (e.g., as Le-Van-Hoa). Remarks and footnotes are included to Authorship of a few of the papers by provide information on such topics as host Bui Quang Te was originally given as Bui taxonomy, distribution and introductions. An Quang Te et al. , however, as the additional additional useful reference is Freshwater authors were not identified we have attributed Fishes of Northern Vietnam (Kottelat 2001). the authorship of these articles only to the Under References all the papers primary author (e.g., Te 1993b). containing the records, as well as other works Despite considerable effort, a few cited in the text are listed. Not included in this documents occasionally cited in the checklist are unpublished records of fish Vietnamese literature could not be obtained, parasites contained in post-graduate (M.Sc. and and it is believed that copies of these articles, Ph.D.) theses. A Parasite Index and a Host mainly unpublished internal reports, no longer Index complete the volume. exist. A number of specific problems were A special problem was encountered encountered in dealing with the literature for with the paper by Parukhin (1976). Although Viet Nam. One of the first studies of the he gave parasite listings by individual host parasites of freshwater fishes of Viet Nam was species and locality in the taxonomic portion the unpublished thesis and dissertation of his work, additional records appear in the synopsis ("avtoreferat") of Ky (1968a, 1969). host and geographical analyses (section Many of the records contained in these “Helmintho-faunistic Survey of Fishes of the documents were eventually published by the Southern ”). However, in presenting author (see Ky 1968b, 1971a,b,c,d; these additional records, in many cases he Kulachkova and Ky 1971), however, some combined information for two or more records drawn from this thesis and dissertation geographic localities and/or host species, and synopsis that do not appear in Ky’s published it is thus often impossible to determine works have appeared in the works of other whether individual parasite taxa were found authors. In these cases, the records have been in hosts from the South China Sea. Only attributed to the publishing author(s), with a those records for which the geographical footnote indicating their original source. We locality is unambiguous are included in this emphasize that names appearing in the thesis checklist. and dissertation synopsis of Ky (1968a, 1969) Readers should note that the diverse have no status in zoological nomenclature and and rather poorly known freshwater fish fauna thus the spellings and dates of species of Viet Nam has resulted in many probable authorship used in this checklist are those of cases of host misidentification. Records of parasites from a number of host species must

thus be treated with caution. 5 Vietnamese common names for fishes are taken from several sources, including Froese and Pauly (2003) and the The parasite fauna of the fishes of Viet various publications of Dr Bui Quang Te and coworkers. Nam is perhaps the best known for any of the To facilitate publication, accents on Vietnamese letters countries in Southeast Asia. To date, a total of have been omitted. 453 named species of parasites (not including 4

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nomina nuda), (48 Protozoa, 33 Myxozoa, 151 Digenea, 112 Monogenoidea, 16 Cestoda, 53 Nematoda, 21 Acanthocephala, 2 Hirudinea, 3 Branchiura, 12 Copepoda and 2 Isopoda) have been reported. Contained in this checklist are records for parasites from approximately 140 fish species. As more than 1 300 species of fish occur in the country 6, there remain many years of basic systematic and survey work to be conducted before the parasite fauna of Vietnamese fishes will be thoroughly documented.

6Froese and Pauly (2003) list 1 301 fish species for Vietnam (761 marine, 540 freshwater, and 21 listed in both categories); however, this compilation is noted to be incomplete.

PARASITE-HOST LIST

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KINGDOM PROTISTA Remarks: As this parasite was originally described from Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.) from SUBKINGDOM PROTOZOA the of the Amur River, former Soviet Union, its occurrence in a Vietnamese freshwater MASTIGOPHORA fish is improbable. Lom and Dyková (1992) noted that it is an inadequately described species KINETOPLASTIDEA whose relationship to Cryptobia salmositica Katz, 1951 requires re-examination. KINETOPLASTIDA

SUBORDER TRYPANOSOMATINA Ichthyobodo necator (Henneguy, 1884) (F) Pinto, 1928 FAMILY TRYPANOSOMATIDAE Syn.: Costia necatrix Henneguy, 1884 Location: gills Hosts: carpio (1) Trypanosoma sp . (F) rohita (2) Location: not given fish (3) Host: fish Dist.: Mekong River Delta, Red River Delta, Dist.: Mekong River Delta, southern Viet Nam southern Viet Nam Records: Te 1993b (MRD), 1998a (MRD); Te and Records: 1. Te 1984 (RRD), 2. Te et al. 1991 Yen 1999 (MRD); Chon 1999 (SV) (MRD); 3. Chon 1999 (SV)

SUBORDER BODONINA PHYLUM OPALINATA

FAMILY BODONIDAE CLASS OPALINATEA

ORDER OPALINIDA Cryptobia branchialis Nie in Chen, 1955 (F) Location: gills, skin FAMILY OPALINIDAE Hosts: gonionotus (5) Channa micropeltes (5) macrocephalus (5) Protoopalina sp. (F) Cyprinus carpio (1) Location: intestine Helostoma temminckii (3,5) Host: bocourti Notopterus notopterus (5) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Osphronemus goramy (5) Record: Te et al. 1991 Pangasius hypophthalmus (5) P. micronemus (3) fish (2,3,4,6,7) PHYLUM APICOMPLEXA Dist.: Mekong River Delta, Red River Delta, southern Viet Nam CLASS SPOROZOA Records: 1. Te 1984 (RRD), 2. 1993b (MRD), 3. 1995b (MRD), 4. 1998a (MRD); 5. Te et al. 1991 SUBCLASS COCCIDIA (MRD); 6. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD); 7. Chon 1999 (SV) ORDER EIMERIIDA Remarks: Te (1995b) noted that this parasite caused mortalities in fingerling Pangasius FAMILY EIMERIIDAE micronemus and Helostoma temminckii .

Goussia carpelli (Léger and Stankovich, 1921) (F) Cryptobia makeevi (Akhmerov, 1959) (F) Dyková and Lom, 1983 Shulman, 1962 Location: intestine Location: blood Host: Cyprinus carpio Host: fish Dist.: Red River Delta Dist.: southern Viet Nam Record: Te 1984 Record: Chon 1999

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Goussia sp. (F) FAMILY BALANTIDIIDAE Location: intestine Host: Oreochromis niloticus niloticus Dist.: northern Viet Nam Balantidium ctenopharyngodoni Chen, 1955 7 (F) Record: Te, Lua and Viet 1999 Location: [intestine] Host: fish Dist.: southern Viet Nam PHYLUM MICROSPORA Record: Chon 1999

CLASS MICROSPOREA Balantidium spinibarbichthys Ky, 1971 (F) ORDER Location: intestine Hosts: Barbonymus altus (5) SUBORDER PANSPOROBLASTINA Pangasius pangasius (4) Spinibarbichthys denticulatus (1) FAMILY GLUGEIDAE fish (2,3,4) Dist.: Bac Kan, Lao Cai, Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Ky 1971c (BK,LC); 2. Te 1993b sp . (F) (MRD); 3. 1995b (MRD), 4. 1998a (MRD); 5. Location: body cavity Te et al . 1991 (MRD) Host: fish Dist.: Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Te 1993b, 2. 1998a; 3. Te and Yen Balantidium steinae Ky, 1971 (F) 1999 Location: intestine Host: Spinibarbichthys denticulatus Dist.: Bac Kan, Lao Cai Unidentified Microsporidia Record: Ky 1971c

Microsporidia gen. sp. (F) Location: not given Balantidium strelkovi Ky, 1971 (F) Host: Pangasius hypophthalmus Location: intestine Dist.: Can Tho Host: molitorella Record: Dung and Crumlish 2001 Dist.: Bac Kan, Lao Cai Record: Ky 1971c

PHYLUM CILIOPHORA Balantidium sp . (F) CLASS KINETOPHRAGMINOPHOREA Location: intestine Hosts: Ctenopharyngodon idellus (5) SUBCLASS GYMNOSTOMATA Pangasius bocourti (1,3) P. conchophilus (1) ORDER PLEUROSTOMATA P. hypophthalmus (1) P. larnaudii (1) FAMILY AMPHILEPTIDAE fish (2,3) Dist.: An Giang, Binh Duong, Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Te et al. 1991 (MRD); 2. Te 1993a (-), Pseudoamphileptus macrostoma (Chen, 1955) (F) 3. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD); 5. Chon 1999 Foissner, 1985 (AG,BD) Syn.: Hemiophrys macrostoma Chen, 1955 Remarks: The record of Balantidium by Chon Location: gills, skin (1999), found in his Table 3, probably involves Host: Cyprinus carpio B. ctenopharyngodoni. Dist.: Bac Ninh, Red River Delta Record: Te 1984 SUBCLASS HYPOSTOMATA

SUBCLASS VESTIBULIFERA

7 ORDER TRICHOSTOMATIDA The specific name was misspelled “ctenopharyngodonis ” by Chon (1999).

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ORDER CYRTOPHORIDA FAMILY HARTMANNULIDAE

FAMILY CHILODONELLIDAE Brooklynella hostilis Lom and Nigrelli, 1970 (M) Location: gills, skin Chilodonella hexasticha (Kiernik, 1909) (F) Hosts: bruneus Kahl, 1931 E. sexfasciatus Location: skin E. tauvina Host: Notopterus notopterus Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Dist.: Mekong River Delta Record: Te 1998b Record: Te et al. 1991 Remarks: Te (1998b) noted that this ciliate causes mortalities in cage-cultured .

Chilodonella piscicola (Zacharias, 1894) (F) Jankovsky, 1980 SUBCLASS SUCTORIA 9 Syn.: Chilodonella cyprini (Moroff, 1902) Location: gills, skin ORDER SUCTORIDA Hosts: Channa micropeltes (6) Ctenopharyngodon idellus (2) FAMILY TRICHOPHYRIDAE Cyprinus carpio (1,2) Hypophthalmichthys harmandi (2) Notopterus notopterus (4) Capriniana piscium (Bütschli, 1889) (F) Oreochromis mossambicus (2) Jankovsky, 1973 fish (3,5,7,8) Location: skin Dist.: Mekong River Delta, Red River Delta, Hosts: Notopterus notopterus (1,2) northern Viet Nam, southern Viet Nam fish (3,4) Records: 1. Te 1984 (RRD), 2. 1989 (NV) 8, 3. Dist.: Mekong River Delta 1993b (MRD), 4. 1995b (MRD), 5. 1998a Records: 1. Te et al. 1991; 2. Te 1995b, 3. 1998a; (MRD); 6. Te et al . 1991 (MRD); 7. Te and Yen 4. Te and Yen 1999 1999 (MRD); 8. Chon 1999 (SV)

Capriniana sp. (F) Chilodonella sp. (F) Location: not given Location: gills, skin Host: fish Hosts: Ctenopharyngodon idellus (1) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Cyprinus carpio (1) Record: Te 1993b Hypophthalmichthys sp . (1) Oreochromis sp. (1) Pangasius hypophthalmus (4) CLASS OLIGOHYMENOPHOREA grouper (2,3) Dist.: Bac Ninh, Mekong River Delta SUBCLASS HYMENOSTOMATA Records: 1. Ky 1975 (BN); 2. NACA/FAO 1999a (-), 3. 1999b (-); 4. Dung and Crumlish 2001 ORDER HYMENOSTOMATIDA (MRD) Remarks: The records of NACA/FAO (1999a,b) SUBORDER OPHRYOGLENINA most likely involve misidentifications of Brooklynella hostilis Lom and Nigrelli, 1970, a FAMILY ICHTHYOPHTHIRIIDAE common parasite of cage-cultured in Southeast Asia. Ky (1975) noted that Chilodonella was Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876 10 (F) responsible for mortalities of some grass Location: gills, skin fingerlings at Dinh Bang Freshwater Fish Research Station in December 1964. 9 Not included in this checklist are records of symbiotic suctorians belonging to the genera Acineta , Podophyra and Tokophyra that have been reported from Vietnamese freshwater fishes (see Te 1993b, 1998a). 10 The generic name has been variously misspelled as 8 The records of Te (1989) are based on the unpublished “Ichthyophthyrius " “ Ichthyophthyrisus ” and dissertation synopsis of Ky (1969). “Ichthyopthirius ” by Vietnamese authors.

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Hosts : Aristichthys noblis (2) Hosts : Hypophthalmichthys sp. (1) ? Belondontichthys dinema (2,3,5,6,10) x C. macrocephalus Cirrhinus cirrhosus (6,8) (4) C. microlepis (2,4,6,10) Ctenopharyngodon idellus (3) C. molitorella (2) Oreochromis sp. (1) Cirrhinus sp. (4) Osphronemus goramy (4) Clarias fuscus (2) fish (2,3) C. macrocephalus (2,6) Dist.: Mekong River Delta, northern Viet Nam Clarias sp. (3,5,10) Records: 1. Ky 1975 (-); 2. Jeney et al . 1998 Ctenopharyngodon idellus (MRD); 3. Le Van Khoa 1999 (NV); 4. Dung et (2,12,13,14,15,16,17) al . 1999 (MRD) Cyprinus carpio (1,2) Remarks: Ky (1975) noted that Ichthyophthirius Hypophthalmichthys harmandi (2) caused mortalities of fingerling and Labeo rohita (8) Hypophthalmichthys sp. Oreochromis mossambicus (2) All of the above records probably involve O. niloticus niloticus (6,7) Ichthyophthirius multifiliis . Oreochromis sp. (6) Osphronemus goramy (6) marmorata (4) SUBCLASS PERITRICHIA Pangasius bocourti (9) P. hypophthalmus (5,6,10) ORDER PERITRICHIDA P. micronemus (2,4,15) P. pangasius (15) SUBORDER SESSILINA 15 Pangasius sp. (3) fish (3,4,5,10,11) FAMILY EPISTYLIDIDAE Dist.: An Giang, Bac Ninh, Dong Thap, Phu Tho, Mekong River Delta, Red River Delta, northern Viet Nam, southern Viet Nam Apiosoma minutum (Chen, 1961) Banina, in (F) Records: 1. Te 1984 (RRD), 2. 1989 (MRD,NV) 11 , Shulman, 1984 3. 1993b (MRD), 4. 1995b (MRD), 5. 1998a Syn.: Glossatella minuta Chen, 1961 16 (MRD); 6. Te et al. 1991 (MRD); 7. Te, Lua and Location: gills, skin Viet 1999 (NV); 8. Te and Ha 1999 (BN); 9. Hosts: Channa striata (3) Dung et al. 1999 (MRD) 12 ; 10. Te and Yen 1999 Cirrhinus cirrhosus (3,5) (MRD); 11. Chon 1999 (SV); 12. NACA/FAO Clarias macrocephalus (3) 2000a (PT), 13. 2000b (PT), 14. 2000c (PT), 15. Cyprinus carpio (1) 2001a (AG,DT,PT), 16. 2001b (PT), 17. 2001c Labeo rohita (3,5) (PT) 13 Notopterus notopterus (3) Remarks: NACA/FAO (2000a,b) noted that this Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (4) parasite caused mortalities of 50-60% in cage- Oreochromis sp. (3) cultured fingerlings in northern Viet Osphronemus goramy (3) Nam. Oxyeleotris marmorata (3) Te (1995b) noted that ichthyophthiriosis Pangasius hypophthalmus (3) occurs during the rainy season in Viet Nam at fish (2,6) infection rates of 70-100% and has caused Dist.: Bac Ninh, Quang Ninh, Mekong River Delta, mortalities of infected fish. Red River Delta Records: 1. Te 1984 (BN,RRD), 2. 1998a (MRD); 3. Te et al . 1991 (MRD); 4. Te, Lua and Viet Ichthyophthirius sp. 14 (F) 1999 (QN); 5. Te and Ha 1999 (BN); 6. Te and Location: gills, skin Yen 1999 (MRD) Remarks: The taxonomic status of this species 11 Some of the host records included in Te (1989) were taken from the unpublished dissertation synopsis of Ky 15 Not included in this checklist are reports of free-living (1969). sessiline ciliates encountered on the surfaces of fishes 12 The record of Dung et al. (1999) is taken from their (e.g., Zothamnium , Vorticella ). As noted by Lom and Pictures 1 and 5. Dyková (1992), various free-living genera may 13 Host not indicated, but known to pertain to grass carp. occasionally colonize the surface of fishes in poor 14 The generic name has been misspelled condition. “Ichthyophthyrius ” and “ Ichthyophthyrus " by various 16 Te (1984) reported this species as both Apiosoma authors. minutum and Glossatella minuta .

13

requires re-evaluation (J. Lom, pers. comm.). 1989 (MRD), 4. 1993a (-), 5. 1993b (MRD), 6. 1998a (MRD); 7. Te et al . 1991 (MRD); 8. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD); 9. Chon 1999 (HCM,SV) Apiosoma piscicolum cylindriformis (F) (Chen 1955) Banina, in Shulman, 1984 Syn.: Glossatella cylindriformis Chen, 1955 Unidentified Epistylidae Location: gills, skin Hosts: Aristichthys nobilis (4) Epistylidae gen. sp. (F) Cyprinus carpio (1,4) Location: gills, skin Hypophthalmichthys harmandi (4) Hosts: Channa micropeltes Oreochromis mossambicus (4) Clarias sp. Pangasius hypophthalmus (5) Oxyeleotris marmorata fish (2,3) Pangasius micronemus Dist.: Mekong River Delta, Red River Delta, Dist.: Mekong River Delta northern Viet Nam Record: Te 1995b Records: 1. Te 1984 (RRD), 2. 1993b (MRD), 3. Remarks: The above records pertain to members 1995b (MRD), 4. 1999 (NV) 17 ; 5. Te et al. 1991 of the Apiosoma and/or Epistylis . (MRD) Although Te (1995b) noted that these Remarks: The taxonomic status of this species ciliates can cause disease, they are generally requires re-evaluation (J. Lom, pers. comm.). regarded as commensals.

Apiosoma sp. (F) SUBORDER MOBILINA Syn.: Glossatella sp. Location: gills, skin FAMILY TRICHODINIDAE 19 Hosts: Clarias gariepinus x C. macrocephalus . (1) Oxyeleotris marmorata (2) Paratrichodina incissa (Lom, 1959) (F) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Lom, 1963 20 Records: 1. Dung et al. 1999; 2. Te and Yen 1999 Location: skin Host: Oreochromis niloticus niloticus Dist.: Mekong River Delta, northern Viet Nam Epistylis kronwerci Banina, 1982 (F) Records: Te et al. 1991 (MRD); Te, Lua and Viet Location: gills, skin 1999 (NV) Host: Pangasius hypophthalmus Dist.: Mekong River Delta Record: Te et al . 1991 Paratrichodina sp. (F) Remarks: The taxonomic status of this species Location: not given requires re-evaluation (J. Lom, pers. comm.) Hosts: Pangasius micronemus (2) fish (1,3) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Epistylis sp. 18 (F) Records: 1. Te 1993b, 2. 1995b; 3. Te and Yen Location: gills, skin 1999 Hosts: catla (7) Channa micropeltes (3,7) Cyprinus carpio (1) Trichodina acuta Lom, 1961 (F) Labeo chryophekadion (9) Location: gills, skin Notopterus notopterus (7) Hosts: Cirrhinus cirrhosus (5,7) fish (2,4,5,6,8,9) Cyprinus carpio (1) Dist.: Ho Chi Minh, Mekong River Delta, Red Labeo rohita (5,7) River Delta, southern Viet Nam Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (5,6) Records: 1. Te 1984 (RRD), 2. 1995b (MRD), 3. Pangasius hypophthalmus (5)

17 The records by Te (1999), given in his Table 3 under 19 As almost all records of trichodinids from Vietnamese “Apiosoma piscicolum spp . cylindriformis var letiplanta fishes are unsupported by photomicrographs of silver- [sic] Ha Ky, 1968” were apparently taken from the impregnated specimens, these reports must be treated unpublished dissertation of Ky (1968a). with caution. 18 The generic name has been misspelled “ Epistilis ” by 20 The specific name was misspelled “ incisa ” by some Vietnamese authors. Vietnamese authors.

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fish (2,3,4,8,9) Location: [gills, skin] Dist.: Bac Ninh, Mekong River Delta, Red River Host: fish Delta, northern Viet Nam, southern Viet Nam Dist.: Mekong River Delta, southern Viet Nam Records: 1. Te 1984 (RRD), 2. 1993b (MRD), 3. Records: Te 1995b (MRD), 1998a (MRD); Te and 1995b (MRD), 4. 1998a (MRD); 5. Te et al . Yen 1999 (MRD); Chon 1999 (SV) 1991 (MRD); 6. Te, Lua and Viet 1999 (NV); 7. Te and Ha 1999 (BN); 8. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD); 9. Chon 1999 (SV) Trichodina gasterostei Shtein, 1967 21 (F) Location: gills, skin Hosts: Channa micropeltes (1) Trichodina centrostrigata Basson, Van As (F) Pangasius hypophthalmus (1) and Paperna, 1983 fish (2,3,4,5) Location: gills, skin Dist.: Mekong River Delta Hosts: Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (1,2) Records: 1. Te et al. 1991; 2. Te 1993b, 3. 1995b, fish (3,4) 4. 1998a; 5. Te and Yen 1999 Dist.: Mekong River Delta, northern Viet Nam, Remarks: This species was described from southern Viet Nam ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ) from Records: 1. Te et al . 1991 (MRD); 2. Te, Lua and Kamchatka (see Shtein 1967). The above records Viet 1999 (NV); 3. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD); 4. are considered to involve misidentifications. Chon 1999 (SV) Remarks: This species has been introduced into Viet Nam along with the importation of Nile Trichodina heterodentata Duncan, 1977 (F) tilapia. Location: gills, skin Hosts: Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (1,2) fish (3) Trichodina cubanensis Arthur and Lom, 1984 (F) Dist.: Mekong River Delta, northern Viet Nam Location: [skin] Records: 1. Te et al. 1991 (MRD); 2. Te, Lua and Host: fish Viet 1999 (NV); 3. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) Dist.: southern Viet Nam Remarks: This species was probably introduced Record: Chon 1999 into Viet Nam along with the importation of Remarks: This ciliate was originally described from for aquaculture. a cichlid fish from Cuba (see Lom and Dyková 1992); its presence on a Viet Namese freshwater fish requires verification. Trichodina jadranica Haider, 1964 (F) Location: gills, skin Hosts: Osphronemus goramy Trichodina domerguei (Wallengren, 1897) (F) Oxyeleotris marmorata Haider, 1964 Dist.: Mekong River Delta Includes: Trichodina domerguei domerguei Record: Te et al. 1991 (Wallengren, 1897) Remarks: The occurrence of this trichodinid on Location: gills, skin Vietnamese freshwater fishes requires verification. Hosts: Labeo rohita (1,5) Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (5,6) Osphronemus goramy (1,5) Trichodina mutabilis Kazubski and (F) fish (2,3,4,7) Migala, 1968 Dist.: Mekong River Delta, northern Viet Nam Location: gills, skin Records: 1. Te 1989 (MRD), 2. 1993b (MRD), 3. Hosts: Channa micropeltes (1) 1995b (MRD), 4. 1998a (MRD); 5. Te et al . 1991 Cirrhinus cirrhosus (1,6) (MRD); 6. Te, Lua and Viet 1999 (NV); 7. Te and Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (1,5) Yen 1999 (MRD) Osphronemus goramy (1) Remarks: As this ciliate is specific to sticklebacks Oxyeleotris mormorata (1) (Gasterosteidae), euryhaline fishes occurring in Pangasius hypophthalmus (1) northern latitudes (see Lom and Shtein 1966), the fish (2,3,4,7) above records are considered to involve Dist.: Bac Ninh, Mekong River Delta, northern Viet misidentifications. Nam

Trichodina fultoni Davis, 1947 (F) 21 The specific name has been misspelled “ gasterrostei ” by some Vietnamese authors.

15

Records: 1. Te et al. 1991 (MRD); 2. Te 1993b Dist.: Bac Ninh, Mekong River Delta, northern Viet (MRD), 3. 1995b (MRD), 4. 1998a (MRD); 5. Nam, southern Viet Nam Te, Lua and Viet 1999 (NV); 6. Te and Ha 1999 Records: 1. Shtein 1984 (-); 2. Te 1989 (BN); 7. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) (MRD,NV) 23 , 3. 1993b (MRD), 4. 1995b (MRD), Remarks: Te (1995b) noted that this species can 5. 1998a (MRD); 6. Te et al. 1991 (MRD); 7. Te cause mortalities. and Ha 1999 (BN); 8. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD); 9. Chon 1999 (SV) Remarks: Te (1995b) noted that this species can Trichodina nigra Lom, 1961 (F) cause mortalities of fingerlings. Location: gills, skin Hosts: Anabas testudineus (6) Channa micropeltes (6) Trichodina orientalis Chen and Hsieh, (F) C. striata (2,6) in Anon., 1973 Cirrhinus cirrhosus (6,8) Location: gills, skin C. jullieni (6) Host: Oreochromis niloticus niloticus Clarias macrocephalus (2,3,5,6,9) Dist.: Mekong River Delta, northern Viet Nam Cyprinus carpio (1) Records: Te et al. 1991 (MRD); Te, Lua and Viet Helostoma temminckii (6) 1999 (NV) Labeo rohita (2,3,6,8) Remarks: This taxon was listed by Albaladejo and Notopterus notopterus (6) Arthur (1989) among those species whose Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (6,7) descriptions are too inadequate to allow Oxyeleotris marmorata (6) determination of their validity. Pangasius bocourti (6) P. conchophilus (6) P. hypophthalmus (6,9) Trichodina partidisci Lom, 1962 (F) P. larnaudii (6) Location: skin P. micronemus (2) Host: Pangasius hypophthalmus P. pangasius (2,5) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Pangasius sp. (3) Record: Te et al. 1991 fish (3,4,5,9) Dist.: Bac Ninh, Mekong River Delta, Red River Delta, northern Viet Nam, southern Viet Nam Trichodina pediculus (O.F. Müller, 1786) (F) Records: 1. Te 1984 (RRD), 2. 1989 (MRD), 3. Ehrenberg, 1838 1993b (MRD), 4. 1995b (MRD), 5. 1998a Location: skin, gills, mouth cavity, nasal cavities (MRD); 6. Te et al . 1991 (MRD), 7. Te, Lua and Hosts: Carassius auratus auratus (3) Viet 1999 (NV); 8. Te and Ha 1999 (BN); 9. Te Channa micropeltes (3) and Yen 1999 (MRD) (3) Remarks: Te (1995b) noted that this parasite can Ctenopharyngodon idellus (3) cause mortalities. Cyprinus carpio (2,3) In their English language summary, Te and Hypophthalmichthys harmandi (3) Ha (1999) erroneously listed this species as Labeo rohita (4) “Tripartiella nigra ”. Oreochromis mossambicus (3) O. niloticus niloticus (6) Pangasius micronemus (3) Trichodina nobillis Chen, 1963 22 (F) Pangasius sp. (4) Location: skin, gills, nasal cavities fish (1,4,5) Hosts: Aristichthys nobilis (2) Dist.: Bac Ninh, Mekong River Delta, Red River Barbonymus gonionotus (2,6) Delta, northern Viet Nam Channa micropeltes (6) Records: 1. Shtein 1984 (-); 2. Te 1984 (BN,RRD), Cirrhinus cirrhosus (6,7) 3. 1989 (MRD,NV) 24 , 4. 1993b (MRD), 5. 1995b Ctenopharyngodon idellus (2) (MRD); 6. Te, Lua and Viet 1999 (NV) Cyprinus carpio (2) Remarks: Albaladejo and Arthur (1989) listed this Hypophthalmichthys harmandi (2) Labeo rohita (2,6,7) fish (1,3,4,5,8,9) 23 Some of the host records given by Te (1989) were taken from the unpublished dissertation synopsis of Ky (1969). 22 All authors reporting this trichodinid from Viet Nam 24 Some of the host records given by Te (1989) were taken have misspelled the specific name " nobilis ". from the unpublished dissertation synopsis of Ky (1969).

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taxon among those species whose occurrence in Cirrhinus sp. (7) East and Southeast Asia requires confirmation. Clarias gariepinus x C. macrocephalus (6) Te (1995b) noted that this species can Clarias sp. (7) cause mortalities of fingerlings. Ctenopharyngodon idellus (5,7) Cyprinus carpio (7) Epinephelus bruneus (3) Trichodina perforata Lom, Golemansky (F) E. sexfasciatus (3) and Grupcheva, 1976 E. tauvina (3) Syn.: Trichodina rectangli perforata Helostoma temminckii (6) Lom, Golemansky and Grupcheva, 1976 Hypophthalmichthys sp. (7) Location: nasal cavities Osphronemus goramy (6) Hosts: Cirrhinus cirrhosus Pangasius hypophthalmus (8) Labeo rohita Oreochromis sp. (7) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Ca heo beo (7) Record: Te et al . 1991 Ca ngoi (7) fish (1,2,4,5) Dist.: An Giang, Binh Duong, Can Tho, Ho Chi Trichodina rectangli Chen and Hsieh, 1964 (F) Minh, Mekong River Delta, northern Viet Nam, Syn.: Trichodina rectangli rectangli Gulf of Tonkin Chen and Hsieh, 1964 Records: 1. Te 1993a (-), 2. 1993b (MRD), 3. Location: nasal cavities 1998b (GTO); 4. Jeney et al . 1998 (MRD); 5. Le Hosts: Cirrhinus cirrhosus (1,2) Van Khoa 1999 (NV); 6. Dung et al. 1999 Labeo rohita (1,2) (MRD); 7. Chon 1999 (AG,BD,HCM); 8. Dung fish (3) and Crumlish 2001 (CT) Dist.: Bac Ninh, Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Te et al . 1991 (MRD); 2. Te and Ha 1999 (BN); 3. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) Trichodinella epizootica (Raabe, 1950) (F) Srámek-Husek, 1953 Location: gills, skin Trichodina reticulata Hirschmann (F) Hosts: Catla catla (1) and Partsch, 1955 Cirrhinus cirrhosus (1,4) Location: [gills, skin] Labeo rohita (1,4) Host: fish fish (2,3,5,6) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Dist.: Bac Ninh, Mekong River Delta, southern Viet Records: Te 1995b, 1998a; Te and Yen 1999 Nam Records: 1. Te et al. 1991 (MRD); 2. Te 1995b (MRD), 3. 1998a (MRD); 4. Te and Ha 1999 Trichodina rostrata Kulemina, 1968 (F) (BN); 5. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD); 6. Chon 1999 Location: [gills, skin] (SV) Host: fish Remarks: Te (1995b) noted that this species can Dist.: Mekong River Delta cause mortalities of fingerlings. Records: Te 1998a; Te and Yen 1999

Trichodinella subtilis Lom, 1959 (F) Trichodina siluri Lom, 1970 (F) Location: gills Location: gills, skin Hosts: Cirrhinus cirrhosus Hosts: Helostoma temminckii (1) Labeo rohita Oxyeleotris marmorata (1) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Pangasius hypophthalmus (1) Record: Te et al. 1991 fish (2,3) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Te et al. 1991; 2. Te 1998a; 3. Te and Trichodinella sp. (F,M) Yen 1999 Location: gills Hosts: Cirrhinus sp. (2) grouper (1) Trichodina sp. (F,M) Dist.: Binh Duong Location: gills, skin Records: 1. Le Van Khoa 1999 (-); 2. Chon 1999 Hosts: Aristichthys noblis (7)

17

Remarks: The record of Chon (1999), listed in his Location: gills Table 3, probably involves Trichodinella Host: Pangasius hypophthalmus epizootica. Dist.: Mekong River Delta Record: Te et al. 1991

Tripartiella bulbosa (Davis, 1947) Lom,1959 (F) Location: gills, nasal cavities, skin Tripartiella obtusa Ergens and Lom, 1970 25 (F) Hosts: Anabas testudineus (2) Location: gills Barbonymus gonionotus (2,3,5,8) Hosts: Catla catla (1) Catla catla (3,6) Labeo rohita (1) Channa micropeltes (2) Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (3) Cirrhinus cirrhosus (7) Pangasius hypophthalmus (1) C. jullieni (2) P. larnaudii (1) Helostoma temminckii (2,3,8) fish (2,4) Labeo rohita (3,6,7) Dist.: Mekong River Delta, northern Viet Nam Notopterus notopterus (2) Records: 1. Te et al. 1991 (MRD); 2. Te 1998a Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (2,6) (MRD); 3. Te, Lua and Viet 1999 (NV); 4. Te and Osphronemus goramy (2) Yen 1999 (MRD) Pangasius bocourti (5) P. conchophilus (2) P. hypophthalmus (2,8) Tripartiella sp. (F) P. larnaudii (2) Location: gills Pangasius sp . (3) Hosts: Barbonymus gonionotus fish (1,3,4,5,6,8) Channa micropeltes Dist.: Bac Ninh, Dong Thap, Quang Ninh, Mekong Helostoma temminckii River Delta Labeo rohita Records: 1. Shtein 1984 (-); 2. Te et al. 1991 Pangasius larnaudi (MRD); 3. Te 1993b (DT,MRD), 4. 1995b P. micronemus (MRD), 5. 1998a (MRD); 6. Te, Lua and Viet Dist.: Dong Thap, Mekong River Delta 1999 (QN); 7. Te and Ha 1999 (BN); 8. Te and Record: Te 1989 Yen 1999 (MRD) Remarks: Te (1989) noted that Tripartiella was Remarks: Te (1993b) noted that Tripartiella caused associated with mortalities (100 000–200 000 mass mortality of fingerling Pangasius held in a fish/pond) of fingerling Pangasius held in rearing nursery pond at Phu Thuan Commune, Hong Ngu, ponds in Dong Thap Province in 1986-1987. Dong Thap in 1986. As Tripartiella bulbosa was considered as a nomen dubium by Bondad-Reantaso and Arthur Unidentified Trichodinidae (1989), the true identity(ies) of the species involved in the above records are considered Trichodinidae gen. sp. (F) impossible to determine. Location: gills, skin Hosts : Aristichthys nobilis (1) Barbonymus gonionotus (2,3,4,5) Tripartiella clavodonta Basson (F) Clarias sp . (2,3,4,5) and Van As, 1987 Cyprinus carpio (1) Location: gills Helostoma temminckii (2,3,4,5) Host: Oreochromis niloticus niloticus Hypothalmichthys sp. (1) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Oxyeleotris marmorata (2,3,4,5) Record: Te et al. 1991 Pangasius hypophthalmus (4,5) P. micronemus (3) Pangasius sp. (2,6) Tripartiella copiosa Lom, 1959 (F) fish (1) Location: gills Dist.: Bac Ninh, Dong Thap, Hai Hung, Ha Tinh, Host: Pangasius hypophthalmus Phu Tho, Vinh Phu, Mekong River Delta Dist.: Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Ky 1975 (BN,HH,HN,HTI,PT,VP); 2. Record: Te et al. 1991

25 In an apparent lapsis, Te, Lua and Viet (1999) listed Tripartiella lata Lom, 1963 (F) this species as “ Trichodinella obtusa Ergens et Lom, 1970”.

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Te 1993b (MRD), 3. 1995b (MRD), 4. 1998a Syn.: Nyctotherus pangasia Tripathi, 1954 (MRD); 5. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD); 6. Te and Location: intestine Tam 1999 (DT) Hosts: Pangasius bocourti (1,2) Remarks: Ky (1975) noted that trichodinids caused P. conchophilus (1) massive mortalities of fish in Co Bi Hatchery (Ha P. larnaudii (1) Noi), at Dap Khe Enterprise (Hai Hung) in 1961 fish (2) and at Hoang Phu Loi Enterprise (Phu Tho) in Dist.: Mekong River Delta 1962. He also recorded that treatments against Records: 1. Te et al. 1991; 2. Te and Yen 1999 trichodinid infections were applied at Duc Bui Remarks: The synonymy follows Jankovsky (1974). Hatchery (Ha Tinh) and other fish culture enterprises in Vinh Phu, at Co Bi Hatchery, and at Dinh Bang Freshwater Fish Research Station (Bac Ichthyonyctus schulmani (Ky, 1971) (F) Ninh). Jankovsky, 1974 Te and Tam (1999) noted that Syn.: Nyctotherus schulmani Ky, 1971 trichodinosis appeared at the nursery station in Location: intestine Hong Ngu District (Dong Thap) in June-July of Host: Squaliobarbus curriculus 1986 and 1987 where it affected 80-90% of the Dist.: Bac Kan nursery ponds. At the Phuoc Thuong Commune, Record: Ky 1971c 200 000 of a total of 360 000 Pangasius Remarks: The synonymy follows Jankovsky (1974). fingerlings died two days after becoming infected with this disease. At Long Khanh Commune, trichodinosis reduced the survival Ichthyonyctus sp . (F) rate of Pangasius fry to 20%, while at Phu Syn.: Nyctotherus sp. of Te, 1993 Thuan Commune 200 000 of 210 000 fingerlings Location: intestine died 48 hours after showing signs of Host: fish trichodinosis. Dist.: Viet Nam Record: Te 1993a

CLASS POLYMENOPHORA FAMILY INFEROSTOMATIDAE SUBCLASS SPIROTRICHA

ORDER HETEROTRICHIDA Inferostoma jankowskii Ky, 1971 (F) Location: intestine SUBORDER CLEVELANDELLINA Host: Spinibarbichthys denticulatus Dist.: Bac Kan, Lao Cai FAMILY SICUOPHORIDAE Record: Ky 1971c

Ichthyonyctus baueri (Ky, 1971) (F) Unidentified Protozoa Jankovsky, 1974 Syn .: Nyctotherus baueri Ky, 1971 Protozoa gen. sp. (F) Location: intestine Location: not given Hosts: Barbonymus altus (2,4,6) Hosts : Barbonymus altus (1,2) Pangasius larnaudii (2,4) B. gonionotus (1,2) P. micronemus (4) Catla catla (1,2) P. pangasius (2,5) Cirrhinus cirrhosus (1,2) Spinibarbichthys denticulatus (1) Clarias macrocephalus (1,2) fish (3,5) Helostoma temminckii (1) Dist.: Bac Kan, Mekong River Delta Labeo rohita (1,2) Records: 1. Ky 1971c (BK); 2. Te 1989 (MRD), 3. Osphronemus goramy (1,2) 1993b (MRD), 4. 1995b (MRD), 5. 1998a Oxyeleotris marmorata (1,2) (MRD); 6. Te et al . 1991 (MRD) Pangasius hypophthalmus (1,2) Remarks: The synonymy follows Jankovsky (1974). P. larnaudii (1,2) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Te 1998a; 2. Te and Yen 1999 Ichthyonyctus pangasia (Tripathi, 1954) (F) Jankovsky, 1974

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PHYLUM MYXOSPORIDIA and Yen 1999 (MRD)

CLASS SUBORDER PLATYSPORINA ORDER BIVALVULIDA FAMILY MYXOBOLIDAE SUBORDER VARIISPORINA

FAMILY MYXIDIIDAE Henneguya ophiocephali Chakravarty, 1938 (F) Location: gills, gall bladder Host: Channa micropeltes Zschokkella donecae Ky, 1971 (F) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Location: gall bladder Record: Te et al . 1991 Host: Hypophthalmichthys harmandi Dist: Ha Noi Record: Ky 1971d Henneguya schizura (Gurley, 1893) Labbé, 1899 (F) Location: gills Hosts: Trichogaster pectoralis Zschokkella parasiluri Fujita, 1927 (F) T. trichopterus Location: gall bladder Dist.: Mekong River Delta Hosts: Hemibagrus nemurus Record: Te et al . 1991 Pangasius bocourti Remarks: As this taxon was originally described Trichogaster trichopterus from a cold-water species (the northern pike, Esox Dist.: Mekong River Delta lucius ) in Europe, this report probably involves a Record: Te et al . 1991 misidentification.

Zschokkella sp . (F) Henneguya schulmani Ky, 1971 (F) Location: gallbladder Location: gills Hosts: Trichogaster pectoralis (2) Hosts: Anabas testudineus (1,2,3,4,6) fish (1,3,4) fish (3,5,7) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Dist.: Ha Noi, Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Te 1993b, 2. 1995b, 3. 1998a; 4. Te Records: 1. Ky 1971d (HN) 26 ; 2. Te 1989 (MRD), and Yen 1999 3. 1993b (MRD), 4. 1995b (MRD), 5. 1998a (MRD); 6. Te et al . 1991 (MRD); 7. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) FAMILY CERATOMYXIDAE

Henneguya shaharini Shariff, 1982 (F) Ceratomyxa sp. (F) Location: gills Location: gall bladder Hosts: Bunaka gyrinoides (2) Hosts: Pangasius hypophthalmus (1) Oxyeleotris marmorata (2) fish (2,3,4) O. urophthalmus (1) Dist.: Mekong River Delta fish (3,4) Records: 1. Te et al. 1991; 2. Te 1993b, 3. 1998a; Dist.: Mekong River Delta 4. Te and Yen 1999 Records: 1. Te et al . 1991; 2. Te 1995b, 3. 1998a; 4. Te and Yen 1999 Remarks: Te (1995b) noted that infections by this FAMILY SPHAEROSPORIDAE myxozoan can cause mortalities.

Myxobilatus sp. (F) Henneguya sp. (F) Location: fins Location: gall bladder, gills, skin Hosts: Channa micropeltes (1,2,3) Hosts: Ctenopharyngodon idellus (5,6) fish (4,5) Dist.: Ang Giang, Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Te et al . 1991 (MRD); 2. Te 1993b 26 Ky (1971d) in an apparent lapsis, gave the host for this (MRD), 3. 1995b (AG), 4. 1998a (MRD); 5. Te species as Cyprinus carpio in his English language summary.

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Hemibagrus nemurus (4) Myxobolus cyprinicola Reuss, 1906 (F) Notopterus notopterus (4) Location: gills Osphronemus goramy (4) Host: Cyprinus carpio Oxyeleotris marmorata (1) Dist.: Red River Delta Pangasius hypophthalmus (4,6) Record: Te 1984 P. larnaudii (4) Trichogaster pectoralis (1) fish (2,3,5) Myxobolus discapsularis Ky, 1971 (F) Dist.: An Giang, Mekong River Delta, southern Location: gall bladder Viet Nam Host: Hypophthalmichthys harmandi Records: 1. Te 1989 (MRD), 2. 1993b (MRD), 3. Dist.: Ha Bac 1998a (MRD); 4. Te et al . 1991 (MRD); 5. Chon Record: Ky 1971d 1999 (AG,SV); 6. Dung and Crumlish 2001 (MRD) Myxobolus divergens Ky, 1971 (F) Location: gills, kidney, liver, skin, spleen Myxobolus achmerovi Shulman, 1966 (F) Host: Aristichthys nobilis Location: gills, intestinal wall, skin Dist.: Ha Bac, Ha Noi Host: Cyprinus carpio Record: Ky 1971d Dist.: Bac Kan, Bac Ninh, Ha Noi, Red River Delta Records: Ky 1971d (BK,HN); Te 1984 (BN,RRD) Myxobolus ellipticus Ky, 1971 (F) Location: gills Myxobolus anisocapsularis Shulman, 1962 (F) Host: Hypophthalmichthys harmandi Location: gills Dist.: Ha Noi Host: Cyprinus carpio Record: Ky 1971d Dist.: Bac Ninh, Ha Noi, Red River Delta Records: Ky 1971d (HN); Te 1984 (BN,RRD) Myxobolus exiguus Thélohan, 1895 (F) Location: gills Myxobolus artus Akhmerov, 1960 (F) Host: Oreochromis niloticus niloticus Location: gills, intestine, skin Dist.: Mekong River Delta, northern Viet Nam Host: Cyprinus carpio Records: Te et al . 1991 (MRD); Te, Lua and Viet Dist.: Red River Delta 1999 (NV) Record: Te 1984 Remarks: The occurrence of this Eurasian species, a parasite mainly of cyprinid fishes (see Lom and Dyková 1992), in tilapia from Viet Nam requires Myxobolus assymetricus Ky, 1971 (F) verification. Location: kidney Host: Hypophthalmichthys harmandi Dist.: Ha Bac Myxobolus humilis Ky, 1971 (F) Record: Ky 1971d Location: spleen Host: Hypophthalmichthys harmandi Dist.: Ha Bac Myxobolus cheisini Shulman, 1962 (F) Record: Ky 1971d Location: gills, skin Host: Leptobarbus hoevenii Dist.: Mekong River Delta Myxobolus Kudo, 1920 (F) Record: Te et al . 1991 Location: gills Hosts: Cirrhinus cirrhosus (3,4) Cyprinus carpio (1,2) Myxobolus clarii Chakravarty, 1943 (F) Labeo rohita (4,5) Location: kidney, liver Dist.: Bac Ninh, Ha Bac, Quang Ninh, Hai Phong, Hosts: Clarias batrachus Ha Noi, Mekong River Delta, Red River Delta C. macrocephalus Records: 1. Ky 1971d (HN,HP); 2. Te 1984 Dist.: Mekong River Delta (BN,HB,HN,QN), 3. Te 1989 (BN,HB,HN,QN); Record: Te et al . 1991 4. Te et al . 1991 (MRD); 5. Te and Ha 1999 (BN) Remarks: Te (1984, 1989) noted that Myxobolus

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koi caused high mortality of young Myxobolus poljanskii Shulman, 1962 (F) at the Lang Giang (Ha Bac), Tien Phong (Quang Location: liver Ninh), and Nhat Tan-Ha Noi fish seed farms (Ha Host: Ompok bimaculatus Noi), and at the Research Institute for Dist.: Mekong River Delta Aquaculture No. 1 (Bac Ninh). Record: Te et al . 1991

Myxobolus lanfyongi Ky, 1971 (F) Myxobolus semeniformis Ky, 1971 (F) Location: intestinal wall Location: gills, skin Host: Spinibarbichthys denticulatus Hosts: Cirrhinus cirrhosus (2,3,4,6) Dist.: Lao Cai C. molitorella (1) Record: Ky 1971d Labeo rohita (2,3,4,6) fish (3,5,7) Dist.: Tieng Giang, Ha Noi, Ho Chi Minh, Mekong Myxobolus macrocapsularis Reuss, 1906 (F) River Delta Location: gills Records: 1. Ky 1971d (HN); 2. 1989 (MRD), 3. Host: Barbonymus gonionotus 1993b (MRD), 4. 1995b (HCM,TG), 5. 1998a Dist.: Mekong River Delta (MRD); 6. Te et al. 1991 (MRD); 7. Te and Yen Record: Te et al . 1991 1999 (MRD) Remarks: Te (1985) noted that this myxosporean caused high mortality of fingerling Labeo rohita . Myxobolus minutus Nemeczek, 1911 (F) Location: gills Hosts: Cirrhinus cirrhosus Myxobolus toyamai Kudo, 1915 (F) Labeo rohita Location: gills Dist.: Mekong River Delta Host: Cyprinus carpio Record: Te et al . 1991 Dist.: Bac Kan, Bac Ninh, Ha Bac, Ha Noi, Quang Remarks: The presence of this European species in Ninh, Red River Delta fishes of Viet Nam requires verification. Records: Ky 1971d (BK); Te 1984 (BN,RRD), 1989 (BN,HB,HN,QN) Remarks: Te (1989) noted that Myxobolus koi and Myxobolus miyairii Kudo, 1920 (F) M. toyamai caused mortalities of 50-70% in fry Location: gills of common carp held in rearing ponds at the Host: Pangasius hypophthalmus Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 1 (Bac Dist.: Mekong River Delta Ninh), at Nhat Tan Farm (Ha Noi), Lang Giang Record: Te et al . 1991 Farm (Ha Bac) and Tien Phong Farm (Quang Ninh).

Myxobolus oblongus Gurley, 1893 (F) Location: skin Myxobolus uyeni Ky, 1971 (F) Host: Channa micropeltes Location: intestinal wall Dist.: Mekong River Delta Host: Cirrhinus molitorella Record: Te et al . 1991 Dist.: Lao Cai Remarks: As this species was originally described Record: Ky 1971d from a catostomid fish ( Erimyzon sucetta ) from the eastern (see Hoffman 1998), the above report is considered a probable Myxobolus sp. (F) misidentification. Location: body cavity, gall bladder, gills, intestine, kidney, liver, mouth, musculature, skin Hosts: Aristichthys nobilis (2) Myxobolus pavlovskii (Akhmerov, 1954) (F) Barbonymus altus (5) Shulman, 1962 Carassius auratus auratus (2) Location: kidney, gills Channa micropeltes (3) Host: Hypophthalmichthys harmandi Clarias batrachus (3,5) Dist.: Ha Bac, Ha Noi C. macrocephalus (5) Record: Ky 1971d (3) C. molitorella (1,2) Ctenopharyngodon idellus (7)

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Cyprinus carpio (2) SUPERFAMILY CLINOSTOMOIDEA Hypophthalmichthys sp. (2) Hemibagrus nemurus (5) FAMILY CLINOSTOMIDAE Oxyeleotris marmorata (5) Pangasius hypophthalmus (5,8) P. micronemus (3) Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) (F) Spinibarbichthys denticulatus (2) Braun, 1899 [metacercaria] fish (4,6,7) Location: intestine Dist.: An Giang, Can Tho, Ha Noi, Mekong River Hosts: Monopterus albus (1,2) Delta, southern Viet Nam fish (3,4) Records: 1. Ky 1971d (HN), 2. 1975 (-); 3. Te Dist.: Dong Thap, Ha Giang, Minh Hai, Mekong 1989 (MRD), 4. 1998a (MRD); 5. Te et al. 1991 River Delta (MRD); 6. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD); 7. Chon Records: 1. Te et al. 1991 (MRD); 2. Te 1995d 1999 (AG,SV); 8. Dung and Crumlish 2001 (DT,HG,MH), 3. 1998a (MRD); 4. Te and Yen (CT) 1999 (MRD)

Thelohanellus acuminatus Ky, 1971 (F) Clinostomum piscidium Southwell and (F) Location: gills Prashad, 1918 [metacercaria] Host: Cyprinus carpio Location: body cavity, intestine Dist.: Hai Phong, Red River Delta Hosts: Trichogaster pectoralis (1,2,3,4) Records: Ky 1971d (HP); Te 1984 (RRD) fish (3,4) Dist.: Ha Giang, Minh Hai, Tien Giang, Mekong River Delta Thelohanellus callisporis Ky, 1971 (F) Records: 1. Te et al . 1991 (MRD); 2. Te 1995d Location: gills, skin (HG,MH,TG), 3. 1998a (MRD); 4. Te and Yen Host: Cyprinus carpio 1999 (MRD) Dist.: Ha Noi, Red River Delta Records: Ky 1971d (HN); Te 1984 (RRD) Euclinostomum multicaecum Tubangui and (F) Masiluñgan, 1935 [metacercaria] Thelohanellus catlae Chakravarty (F) Location: gill cavity and Basu, 1948 Hosts: Anabas testudineus (1,2) Location: gills, skin fish (3,4) Hosts: Barbonymus gonionotus (1,3,5) Dist.: Dong Thap, Mekong River Delta Cyprinus carpio (1) Records: 1. Te et al. 1991 (MRD); 2. Te 1995d fish (2,4,6) (DT), 3. 1998a (MRD); 4. Te and Yen 1999 Dist.: Mekong River Delta, Red River Delta (MRD) Records: 1. Te 1984 (RRD), 2. 1993b (MRD), 3. 1995b (MRD), 4. 1998a (MRD); 5. Te et al . 1991 (MRD); 6. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) SUPERFAMILY BUCEPHALOIDEA

FAMILY BUCEPHALIDAE Thelohanellus dogieli Akhmerov, 1955 (F) Location: gills, skin SUBFAMILY BUCEPHALINAE Host: Cyprinus carpio Dist.: Red River Delta Record: Te 1984 Alcicornis baylisi Nagaty, 1937 (M) Location: intestine Host: malabaricus PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES Dist.: South China Sea Records: Parukhin 1966a, 1976 CLASS TREMATODA Remarks: Lebedev (1968a,1970) believed that the report of A. baylisi by Parukhin (1966a) involved SUBCLASS DIGENEA A. carangis MacCallum, 1917.

ORDER STRIGEIDA Alcicornis carangis MacCallum, 1917 (M)

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Location: gill cavity Bucephalus sp. (M) Host: Caranx sp. Location: stomach Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Host: Gerres filamentosus Records: Lebedev 1968a (SCS) 27 , 1970 (GTO) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Mamaev 1970

Bucephalus fragilis Velasquez, 1959 (M) Location: intestine Prosorhynchoides gracilescens (F) Hosts: Megalaspis cordyla (1,2) (Rudolphi, 1819) Linton, 1940 lysan (1) Syn.: Bucephalopsis gracilescens Dist.: South China Sea (Rudolphi, 1819) Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a, 2. 1976 Location: intestine Hosts: Pangasius bocourti (1) P. conchophilus (1) Bucephalus gorgon (Linton, 1905) (M) P. hypophthalmus (1) Eckmann, 1932 P. micronemus (3) Location: stomach P. pangasius (3) Host: Seriolina nigrofasciata 28 fish (2,4,5) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Dist.: An Giang, Dong Thap, Mekong River Delta Record: Oshmarin 1965a Records: 1. Te et al . 1991 (MRD); 2. Te 1993b (MRD), 3. 1995d (AG,DT) 30 , 4. 1998a (MRD); 5. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) Bucephalus introversus Manter, 1940 (M) Location: intestine Host: Seriolina nigrofasciata Prosorhynchoides ozakii (Nagaty, 1937) (F) Dist.: South China Sea Margolis and Arthur, 1975 Records: Parukhin 1966, 1976 Syn.: Bucephalopsis ozakii Nagaty, 1937 Location: intestine Hosts: Pelteobagrus vachellii Bucephalus paraheterotentaculatus (M) dabryi Velasquez, 1959 29 Dist.: Ha Noi Location: intestine Record: Moravec and Sey 1989b Hosts: Seriola dumerili (1,2) Seriolina nigrofasciata (1,2) Dist.: South China Sea Rhipidocotyle laruei Velasquez, 1959 (M) Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a, 2. 1976 Location: [stomach, intestine] Host: Psettodes erumei Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Bucephalus varicus Manter, 1940 (M) Records: Parukhin 1967a, 1989 Location: stomach, intestine Hosts: Atropus atropos (1,3) Atule mate (1,3) Rhipidocotyle sp. metacercaria (M) (1) Location: gills, gonads, intestine, kidneys, tissue of Caranx sp. (1,3) eye socket, vitreous humour of eye Rachycentron canadum (2) Hosts: punctata (2) Selar crumenophthalmus (1,3) Ephippus orbis (2) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Gerres filamentosus (2) Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a (SCS), 2. 1971 (GTO), griseus (2) 3. 1976 (SCS) Leiognathidae (2) Leiognathus equulus (2) 27 Tentative parasite identification, as " Alcicornis Parastromateus niger (2) carangis MacCallum, 1917 (?)". Sciaenidae (1) 28 The host specific name was given by Oshmarin Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin (1965a) as “ nigromaculata ”; however, as this specific Records: 1. Oshmarin 1965a; 2. Mamaev 1970 epiphet is not listed by Froese and Pauly (2003) or Eschmeyer (2003), we consider it a lapsus for nigrofasciata. 30 The host record given only as Pangasius in the text of 29 The specific name was misspelled Te (1995d), appears as P. pangasius in his summary “paracheterotentaculates ” by Parukhin (1966a, 1976). table.

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SUBFAMILY PROSORHYNCHINAE Scomberomorus commerson (5) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: 1. Parukhin and Chikunova 1964 (GTO); Dollfustrema bagarii Moravec and Sey, 1989 (F) 2. Oshmarin 1965a (GTO); 3. Parukhin 1966a Location: intestine (SCS), 4. 1989 (GTO); 5. Lebedev 1970 (GTO) Host: bagarius Remarks: The life cycle of the species involves Dist.: Ha Noi development of nonoculate trichocercous Record: Moravec and Sey 1989b cercariae in the marine lamellibranch Laevicardium mortoni , with metacercariae infecting the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi (see Prosorhynchus epinepheli Yamaguti, 1939 (M) Schell 1985). Location: intestine Hosts: Epinephelus bruneus E. sexfasciatus Plectognathotrema ovata Parukhin, 1964 (M) E. tauvina Location: intestine Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Host: Aluterus monoceros Record: Te 1998b Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Records: Parukhin 1964c, 1989

Prosorhynchus vietnamensis Moravec (F) and Sey, 1989 Pseudosteringophorus sp. (M) Location: intestine Location: intestine Host: Bagarius bagarius Host: Ephippus orbis Dist.: Ha Noi Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Moravec and Sey 1989b Record: Mamaev 1970

Prosorhynchus sp. (F) SUBFAMILY TERGESTIINAE Location: intestine Hosts: Cirrhinus molitorella ? Hemibagrus elongatus Tergestia laticollis (Rudolphi, 1819) (M) Onychostoma lepturus Stossich, 1899 Squaliobarbus curriculus Location: intestine Dist.: Ha Noi Hosts: Alepes melanoptera (1,2) Record: Moravec and Sey 1989b Caranx sp. (1,2,3,4) Decapterus sp. (1,2) Megalaspis cordyla (1,2) SUPERFAMILY GYMNOPHALLOIDEA Selar crumenophthalmus (1,2) Selaroides leptolepis (1,2) FAMILY FELLODISTOMIDAE Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a (SCS), 2. 1976 (SCS); SUBFAMILY FELLODISTOMINAE 3. Lebedev 1968a (SCS), 4. 1970 (GTO)

Complexobursa vjetnamensis Oshmarin (M) FAMILY TANDANICOLIDAE and Mamaev, 1963 Location: intestine Host: Therapon theraps Buckleytrema indica Gupta, 1956 (M) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Syn.: Buckleytrema postacetabulorchis Record: Oshmarin and Mamaev 1963a (Oshmarin and Mamaev, 1963) Paramonodhelmis postacetabulorchis Oshmarin and Mamaev, 1963 Lintonium vibex (Linton, 1900) (M) Location: intestine Stunkard and Nigrelli, 1930 Host: Arius sp . Location: intestine, liver Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Hosts: Abalistes stellaris (1,4) Record: Oshmarin and Mamaev 1963b Aluterus monoceros (2,4) Remarks: The synonymy follows Cribb and Bray Scomberoides lysan (3) (1994).

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SUPERFAMILY AZYGIOIDEA Looss, 1901 Location: stomach, intestine FAMILY AZYGIIDAE Hosts: Rachycentron canadum (1) Triacanthus biaculeatus (1,2) SUBFAMILY AZYGIINAE Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Records: 1. Parukhin 1971, 2. 1989

Azygia hwangtsiyui Tsin, 1933 (F) Location: intestine Gonocercella pacifica Manter, 1940 (M) Hosts: Channa maculata (1) Location: intestine C. striata (2) Host: Dist.: Ha Noi, Mekong River Delta Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Records: 1. Moravec and Sey 1989b (HN); 2. Te et Record: Mamaev 1970 al. 1991 (MRD) Remarks: Moravec and Sey (1989b) noted that this species was reported from the same host in the Gonocercella sp. (M) unpublished dissertation synopsis of Ky (1969). Location: intestine Hosts: Atropus atropos (1) Scomberoides lysan (1) Azygia sp. (F) Psettodes erumei (2,3) Location: not given Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Host: fish Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a (SCS), 2. 1967a Dist.: Mekong River Delta (GTO), 3. 1989 (GTO) Records: Te 1998a; Te and Yen 1999

SUBFAMILY GONOCERCINAE SUPERFAMILY HEMIUROIDEA

FAMILY ACCACOELIIDAE Gonocerca sp. (M) Location: stomach SUBFAMILY ACCACOELIINAE Hosts: Atropus atropos Scomberoides lysan Dist.: South China Sea Tetrochetus hansoni (Parukhin, 1964) (M) Record: Parukhin 1976 Yamaguti, 1971 Remarks: Digeneans reported as Gonocerca sp. Syn.: Paratetrochetus hansoni Parukhin, 1964 (as “ C. [sic] sp. larvae”) in the taxonomic portion Location: intestine of Parukhin (1976) were apparently listed as Host: Aluterus monoceros “Gonocercella sp. j.” in his host-parasite list. Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Records: Parukhin 1964d, 1989 FAMILY DICTYSARCIDAE

FAMILY BATHYCOTYLIDAE SUBFAMILY ALBULATREMATINAE

Bathycotyle sp. (M) Elongoparorchis siamensis (M) Location: gill cavity (Oshmarin, 1965) n. comb. Host: Pampus argenteus Syn.: Tetraster siamensis Oshmarin, 1965 Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Location: swimbladder Record: Lebedev 1970 Host: Arius sp . Dist.: Gulf of Thailand Record: Oshmarin 1965b FAMILY DEROGENIDAE

SUBFAMILY DEROGENINAE FAMILY DIDYMOZOIDAE

Derogenes varicus (O.F. Müller, 1784) (M) Didymozoon polymorphis (M)

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Oshmarin and Mamaev, 1963 Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a (SCS), 2. 1967a Location: body cavity, fins, gills, mouth cavity (GTO), 3. 1967b (SCS), 4. 1971 (GTO), 5. 1976 Host: Priacanthus tayenus (SCS); 6. Mamaev 1970 (GTO) 31 Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Oshmarin and Mamaev 1963b FAMILY HEMIURIDAE

Monilicaecum ventricosum Yamaguti, 1942 (M) SUBFAMILY APHANURINAE Location: blood vessels of gills, liver Hosts: Abalistes stellaris Psettodes erumei Aphanurus stossichi (Monticelli, 1891) (M) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Looss, 1907 Record: Parukhin 1989 Location: stomach, intestine Hosts: Drepane punctata (2) Ephippus orbis (2) Multtubovarium amphibolum Mamaev, 1970 (M) Pampus argenteus (1) Location: gills, head tissue Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Host: orbicularis Records: 1. Lebedev 1970; 2. Mamaev 1970 Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Mamaev 1970 SUBFAMILY DINURINAE

Neometanematobothrioides rachycentri (M) (Parukhin, 1969) Yamaguti, 1971 Allostomachicola secundus (Srivastava, 1937) (M) Syn.: Nematobothrium rachycentri Yamaguti, 1958 Parukhin, 1969 Location: stomach Location: body cavity, gills Host: Chirocentrus dorab Host: Rachycentron canadum Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Record: Mamaev 1970 Records: Parukhin 1969 (GTO), 1971 (GTO), 1976 (SCS) Dinurus longisinus Looss, 1907 (M) Location: stomach Torticaecum fenestratum (Linton, 1907) (M) Host: Caranx malabaricus Yamaguti, 1942 Dist.: South China Sea Location: blood vessels of gills, wall of intestine Records: Parukhin 1966a, 1976 Hosts: Psettodes erumei Triacanthus biaculeatus Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Dinurus selari Parukhin, 1966 (M) Record: Parukhin 1989 Location: stomach, intestine Hosts: Atropus atropos (2,4) Atule mate (2,4) Unidentified Didymozoidae Carangidae (1) Caranx malabaricus (2,4) Didymozoidae gen. sp. (M) Decapterus sp. (2,4) Location: body cavity, eye sockets, gills, Rachycentron canadum (3) intestine, kidney, liver Selar crumenophthalmus (2,4) Hosts: Atule mate (1) Selaroides leptolepis (4) Caranx malabaricus (1) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Echeneis naucrates (3) Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a (SCS), 2. 1966c Leionathidae (6) (GTO), 3. 1971 (GTO), 4. 1976 (SCS) Leiognathus equulus (6) Psettodes erumei (2) Rachycentron canadum (4) 31 Mamaev (1970) reported young examples of a Selar crumenophthalmus (1) didymozoid from the eye sockets of Leiognathidae gen. Seriolina nigrofasciata (1) sp. possibly belonging to the genus Nematobothrium ; fish (3,5) "larval" didymozoids from the intestine of Leiognathus Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea equulus were listed under the heading "Larval Monilicaecum ."

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Dinurus sp. (M) Erilepturus sp. (M) Location: stomach Location: stomach Host: Mene maculata Host: Sciaenidae Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Mamaev 1970 Record: Oshmarin 1965a

Ectenurus selari (Parukhin, 1966) (M) Tubulovesicula angusticauda (Nicoll, 1915) (M) Yamaguti, 1971 Yamaguti, 1934 Syn.: Magnacetabulum selari Parukhin, 1966 Syn.: Tubulovesicula muraenesocis Location: stomach, intestine Yamaguti, 1934 Hosts: Atule mate (2) Location: stomach, intestine Carangidae (1,3) Hosts: Epinephelus merra (1) Caranx sp. (4) Rachycentron canadum (3) Epinephelus bruneus (5) Trachinocephalus sp. (2) E. sexfasciatus (5) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea E. tauvina (5) Records: 1. King 1964 (SCS); 2. Oshmarin 1965a Megalaspis cordyla (2) (GTO); 3. Parukhin 1971 (GTO) Selar crumenophthalmus (2) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a (SCS), 2. 1966c Tubulovesicula lindbergi (Layman, 1930) (M) (GTO), 3. 1976 (SCS); 4. Lebedev 1970 (GTO); Yamaguti, 1934 5. Te 1998b (GTO) Location: stomach Hosts: Carangidae (2) Echeneis naucrates (2,3) Ectenurus theraponae Oshmarin, 1965 (M) Psettodes erumei (1,4) Location: stomach Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Host: Therapon theraps Records: 1. Parukhin 1967a (GTO), 2. 1967b Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin (SCS), 3. 1976 (SCS), 4. 1989 (GTO) Record: Oshmarin 1965a

Tubulovesicula marsupialia Oshmarin, 1965 (M) Ectenurus trachuri (Yamaguti, 1934) (M) Location: intestine Yamaguti, 1970 Host: tumbil Syn.: Magnacetabulum trachuri Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Yamaguti, 1934 Record: Oshmarin 1965a Location: stomach Hosts: Carangidae (1) Caranx sp. (1,2) SUBFAMILY ELYTROPHALLINAE Selar crumeophthalmus (1,2) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: 1. Lebedev 1968a (SCS), 2. 1970 (GTO) Lecithocladium apolecti Velasquez, 1962 (M) Location: stomach, intestine Hosts: Ephippus orbis (2) Ectenurus sp. (M) Gerres filamentosus (2) Location: stomach Leiognathidae (2) Host: Selar crumenophthalmus Parastromateus niger (2) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Rastrelliger kanagurta (1) Record: Oshmarin 1965a Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Records: 1. Lebedev 1970; 2. Mamaev 1970

Erilepturus formosae Reid, Coil (M) and Kuntz, 1966 Lecithocladium excisiforme Cohn, 1902 (M) Location: stomach Location: stomach Hosts: Decapterus sp . (1) Hosts: Alepes melanoptera (1,2) elopsoides (2) Caranx sp. (1,2,3) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Selaroides leptolepis (1,2) Records: 1. Lebedev 1970; 2. Mamaev 1970 Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea

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Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a (SCS), 2. 1976 (SCS); Lecithocladium seriolellae Manter, 1954 32 (M) 3. Lebedev 1970 (GTO) Location: stomach, intestine Hosts: Caranx malabaricus (1,2) Selar crumenophthalmus (2) Lecithocladium excisum (Rudolphi, 1819) (M) Dist.: South China Sea Lühe, 1901 Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a, 2. 1976 Location: stomach Hosts: Alepes melanoptera (5) Caranx sp. (5) Lecithocladium sp. (M) Decapterus sp. (2,3) Location: stomach Sardinella sp. (4) Host: Mene maculata Selar crumenophthalmus (1,2,3) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Record: Mamaev 1970 Records: 1. Oshmarin 1965a (GTO); 2. Lebedev 1968a (SCS), 3. 1970 (GTO); 4. Mamaev 1970 (GTO); 5. Parukhin 1976 (SCS) SUBFAMILY HEMIURINAE Remarks: The taxonomic history and host and geographic range of Lecithocladium excisum were reviewed by Gibson and Bray (1986), who Parahemiurus clupeae Yamaguti, 1953 (M) concluded that its confirmed distribution was the Location: stomach Mediterranean and Black seas and the Northeast Host: Herklotsichthys quadrimaculata Atlantic region. These authors noted that records Dist.: South China Sea from the Gulf of Tonkin and South China Sea Record: King 1964 “...would be better acommodated in one of the very confused Indo-Malaysian species, such as L. megalaspis Yamaguti, 1953...”. Parahemiurus merus (Linton, 1910) (M) Woolcock, 1935 Location: stomach, intestine Lecithocladium harpodontis Srivastava, 1937 (M) Hosts: Atropus atropos (1,2) Syn.: Lecithocladium ilishae Mamaev, 1970 Decapterus sp . (1,2) Location: stomach Sardinella sp. (3) Hosts: Atropus atropos (1,2) Scomberoides lysan (1,2) Decapterus sp . (1,2) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Dussumieria elopsoides (3) Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a (SCS), 2. 1976 (SCS); Ilisha sp . (3) 3. Mamaev 1970 (GTO) Selar crumenophthalmus (1,2) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a (SCS), 2. 1976 (SCS); SUBFAMILY LECITHOCHIRIINAE 3. Mamaev 1970 (GTO) Remarks: The synonymy follows Gibson and Bray (1986). Lecithochirium imocavum (Looss, 1907) (M) Skrjabin and Guschankskaja, 1955 Location: stomach Lecithocladium megalaspis Yamaguti, 1953 (M) Host: Ilisha sp . Location: stomach, intestine Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Host: Megalaspis cordyla Record: Mamaev 1970 Dist.: South China Sea Records: Parukhin 1966a, 1976 Lecithochirium magnaporum Manter, 1940 (M) Location: [stomach] Lecithocladium pampi Lebedev, 1968 (M) Host: Atropus atropos Location: intestine Dist.: South China Sea Host: Pampus argenteus Record: Parukhin 1966a Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Remarks: Williams and Bunkley-Williams (1996) Records: Lebedev 1968d (SCS), 1970 (GTO) considered this species a of

32 The specific name was misspelled “ seriola ” by Parukhin (1976).

29

Lecithochrium microstomum Chandler, 1935. FAMILY ISOPARORCHIIDAE

Lecithochirium microstomum Chandler, 1935 (M) Isoparorchis hypselobagri (Billet, 1898) (F) Syn.: Adinosoma microstoma (Chandler, 1935) Ejsmont, 1932 Location: stomach Syn.: Distomum hypselobagri Billet, 1898 Host: Atropus atropos Location: intestine, swimbladder Dist.: South China Sea Hosts: Channa maculata (2) Records: Parukhin 1966a, 1976 Mystus sp. (1) Dist.: Cao Bang, Ha Noi Records: 1. Billet 1898 (CB) 34 ; 2. Moravec and Lecithochirium monticellii (Linton, 1898) (M) Sey 1989b (HN) Skrjabin and Guschanskaja, 1955 33 Remarks: The role of fish in the life cycle of this Location: [stomach] species has been discussed by Bashirullah (1972) Hosts: Atropus atropos (1) and Chandra and Banerjee (1993). Adults are Echeneis naucrates (2) found in the swimbladder of siluriform , Selar crumenophthalmus (1) with metacercariae occurring in the muscles of Dist.: South China Sea many siluriform and non-siluriform fishes. Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a, 2. 1967b Immature flukes are found in the body cavity of Wallago attu and occasionally Channa punctata ; Isoparorchis hypselobagri thus appears to use Lecithochirium sp. (M) piscivorous fishes as paratenic hosts. Location: stomach Moravec and Sey (1989b) noted that Ky Hosts: Mene maculata (2) (1969), in his unpublished dissertation synopsis, Seriolina nigrofasciata (1) recorded adults of this species from Parasilurus Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea asotus and “larvae” in Ophicephalus maculatus Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a (SCS); 2. Mamaev (syn. of Channa maculata ). These records were 1970 (GTO) given under the lapsus “Isoparorchis pseudobagri .”

SUBFAMILY PLERURINAE FAMILY LECITHASTERIDAE

Plerurus digitatus (Looss, 1899) Looss, 1907 (M) SUBFAMILY HYSTEROLECITHINAE Syn.: Plerurus carangi Parukhin,1966 Location: stomach Host: Carangidae Hysterolecitha nahaensis Yamaguti, 1942 (M) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Location: stomach Records: Parukhin 1966a (SCS), 1966c (GTO), Host: Dascyllus trimaculatus 1976 (GTO) Dist.: South China Sea Remarks: The synonymy follows Bray (1990). Record: King 1964

FAMILY SUBFAMILY TRIFOLIOVARIINAE

Hirudinella ventricosa (Pallas, 1774) (M) Trifoliovarium triacanthi (Parukhin, 1964) (M) Baird, 1853 Bray and Cribb, 2000 Syn.: Hirudinella fusca (Bosc, 1802) Syn.: Hysterolecitha triacanthi Parukhin, 1964 Location: stomach Location: intestine Host: Seriolina nigrofasciata Host: Triacanthus biaculeatus Dist.: South China Sea Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Records: Parukhin 1966a, 1976 Records: Parukhin 1964d, 1971, 1989 Remarks: The synonymy follows Gibson and Bray Remarks: The synonymy follows Bray and Cribb (1977).

34 Billet (1898) reported that the host fish were collected 33 The specific name was misspelled “ monticelli ” by from the Bang Giang River, in the Haut-Tonkin of Parukhin (1966a, 1967b). French Indochina.

30

(2000). Host: Abalistes stellaris Dist.: Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin Records: Parukhin 1964c (GTO), 1989 (GTO); SUBFAMILY LECITHASTERINAE Parukhin and Chikunova 1964 (GTH,GTO)

Aponurus carangis Yamaguti, 1952 (M) Prosogonotrema bilabiatum Vigueras, 1940 (M) Location: stomach, intestine Syn.: Prosogonotrema symmetricum Hosts: Decapterus sp. (1,3) Oshmarin, 1965 Rachycentron canadum (2) Location: stomach Selar crumenophthalmus (4) Hosts: sp. (2) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Pristipomoides typus (1) Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a (SCS), 2. 1971 (GTO), Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin 3. 1976 (SCS); 4. Lebedev 1970 (GTO) Records: 1. Oshmarin 1965a; 2. Parukhin 1976 Remarks: The synonymy follows Parukhin (1976).

Aponurus laguncula Looss, 1907 (M) Location: stomach, intestine Prosogonotrema clupeae Yamaguti, 1952 (M) Hosts: Atropus atropos (1,2) Location: stomach Carangidae (1) Hosts: Ephippus orbis Drepane punctata (3) Platax orbicularis Dussumieria elopsoides (3) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Ilisha sp. (3) Record: Mamaev 1970 Leiognathus sp. (3) Megalaspis cordyla (1,2) Parastromateus niger (3) SUBFAMILY PROSORCHIINAE Sardinella sp. (3) Selar crumenophthalmus (1,2) Seriolina nigrofasciata (1,2) Prosorchis chainanensis Lebedev, 1970 (M) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Location: stomach Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a (SCS), 2. 1976 (GTO); Hosts: Ephippus orbis (2) 3. Mamaev 1970 (GTO) Pampus argenteus (1) Parastromateus niger (2) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Aponurus pyriformis (Linton, 1910) (M) Records: 1. Lebedev 1970; 2. Mamaev 1970 Overstreet, 1973 Syn.: Brachadena pyriformis Linton, 1910 Location: intestine Unidentified Hemiuroidea Hosts: Parastromateus niger Platax orbicularis Hemiuroidea gen. sp. (M) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Includes: Hemiurata gen. sp. Record: Mamaev 1970 Location: intestine Hosts: Alectis indicus (2) Carangidae (2) Lecithaster stellatus Looss, 1907 (M) Gnathanodon speciosus (2) Location: stomach Megalaspis cordyla (2) Host: Seriolina nigrofasciata Rachycentron canadum (3) Dist.: South China Sea Seriolina nigrofasciata (2) Records: Parukhin 1966a, 1976 Therapon theraps (1) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: 1. Oshmarin 1965a (GTO); 2. Parukhin FAMILY SCLERODISTOMIDAE 1966a (SCS), 3. 1971 (GTO)

SUBFAMILY PROSOGONOTREMATINAE SUPERFAMILY SCHISTOSOMATOIDEA

Prosogonotrema abalisti Parukhin, 1964 (M) FAMILY SANGUINICOLIDAE Location: stomach

31

Cardicola congruenta Lebedev and (M) from the same host in the unpublished dissertation Mamaev, 1968 synopsis of Ky (1969). Location: blood vessels of gills Sey and Moravec (1986) reported on a case Host: Euthynnus affinis of hyperparasitism of this digenean by the of Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin the nematode Spironoura babei Ky, 1971. Record: Lebedev and Mamaev 1968 The life cycle of this species involves the mollusc Anisus acronicus as first intermediate host (see Gvozdev, Agapova and Belyakova Cardicola grandis Lebedev and Mamaev, 1968 (M) 1986). Location: blood vessels 35 Host: Makaira sp. Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Cleptodiscus sp . (M) Records: Lebedev and Mamaev 1968; Lebedev Location: intestine 1970 Host: Triacanthus biaculeatus Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Records: Parukhin 1971, 1989 ORDER ECHINOSTOMIDA

SUPERFAMILY ECHINOSTOMATOIDEA Neocladorchis multilobularis Sey, 1986 (F) Location: intestine FAMILY ECHINOSTOMATIDAE Host: Spinibarbichthys denticulatus Dist.: Ha Noi SUBFAMILY ECHINOSTOMATINAE Records: Sey 1985 (-), 1986; Moravec and Sey 1989b

Singhia kruinensis Lim and Furtado, 1984 (F) Location: intestine Platycladorchis macroacetabularis Sey, 1986 (F) Hosts: Notopterus notopterus (1,2) Location: intestine fish (3,4) Host: Poropuntius krempfi Dist.: Ha Giang, Mekong River Delta Dist.: Ha Noi Records: 1. Te et al. 1991 (MRD); 2. Te 1995d Records: Sey 1985 (-), 1986; Moravec and Sey (HG), 3. 1998a (MRD); 4. Te and Yen 1999 1989b (MRD) Remarks: Kostadinova and Gibson (2001) recently resassigned this genus to the subfamily Platycladorchis microacetabularis Sey, 1986 (F) Echinostomatinae, tentatively retaining Singhia Location: intestine kruinensis as a valid species. Host: Spinibarbichthys denticulatus Dist.: Ha Noi Records: Sey 1985 (-), 1986; Moravec and Sey SUPERFAMILY PARAMPHISTOMOIDEA 1989b

FAMILY CLADORCHIIDAE SUPERFAMILY HAPLOPOROIDEA

Amurotrema dombrowskajae Akhmerov, 1959 (F) FAMILY HAPLOPORIDAE Location: intestine Host: Spinibarbichthys denticulatus Dist.: Ha Noi Carassotrema koreanum Park, 1938 (F) Records: Sey 1985 (-); Sey and Moravec 1986; Syn.: Carassotrema ginezinskajae Kulakova Moravec and Sey 1989b; Te 1989 36 and Ky, 1976 Remarks: Sey (1985, 1986) and Moravec and Sey Location: intestine (1989b) noted that this species was also reported Hosts: Cirrhinus molitorella (1) Hemiculter leucisculus (2) Saurogobio dabryi (2) 35 The location, initially given as the wall of the intestine Spinibarbichthys denticulatus (1) by Lebedev and Mamaev (1968), was subsequently Squaliobarbus curriculus (2) corrected to the blood vessels by Lebedev (1970). Dist.: Bac Kan, Ha Noi, Lao Chai 36 The record of Te (1989) is based on the unpublished Records: 1. Kulakova and Ky 1976 (BK,LC); 2. dissertation of Ky (1968a).

32

Moravec and Sey 1989b (HN) Records: 1. Te et al . 1991 (MRD); 2. Te 1995d Remarks: The synonymy follows Moravec and Sey (AG), 3. 1998a (MRD); 4. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) (1989b). Kolakova and Ky (1976) listed Asymphylodora pavlovskajae Ky, 1969 as a synonym of sphaericus Ozaki, 1925 (M) Carassotrema koreanum , and A. ginezinskajae Location: intestine Ky, 1969 as a synonym of Crassotrema Hosts: Ephippus orbis ginezinskajae. However, as noted by Moravec and Platax orbicularis Sey (1989b), as these two specific names Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin appeared in the unpublished dissertation synopsis Record: Mamaev 1970 of Ky (1969), they have no status.

Opecoelus sp. (M) ORDER Location: not given Host: Megalaspis cordyla SUPERFAMILY ALLOCREADIOIDEA Dist.: South China Sea Record: Parukhin 1966a FAMILY

Opecoelina vixiintestina Oshmarin, 1965 (M) isoporum (Looss, 1894) (F) Syn.: Opecoelina vixigastera Oshmarin, 1965 Odhner, 1901 37 Location: stomach, intestine Location: intestine Host: Therapon theraps Hosts: Barbonymus gonionotus (2) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Cyprinus carpio (1) Record: Oshmarin 1965a Dist.: Bac Ninh, Red River Delta, Mekong River Remarks: The synonymy follows Parukhin (1976). Delta Records: 1. Te 1984 (BN,RRD); 2. Te et al . 1991 (MRD) parapristopomatis Yamaguti, 1934 (M) Remarks: As this digenean has a Palaearctic Location: intestine distribution (see Gibson 1996), these records from Host: Gerres filamentosus Viet Nam probably involve misidentifications. Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Mamaev 1970

Allocreadium sp. (F) Location: intestine Pseudopecoeloides carangis (M) Hosts: Barbonymus gonionotus (1) (Yamaguti, 1938) Yamaguti, 1940 fish (2,3) Location: intestine Dist.: Dong Thap, Tien Giang, Mekong River Delta Hosts: Alectis indicus (1,2) Records: 1. Te 1995d (DT,TG), 2. 1998a (MRD); Megalaspis cordyla (1,2) 3. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) Dist.: South China Sea Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a, 2. 1976

FAMILY SUBFAMILY PLAGIOPORINAE SUBFAMILY OPECOELINAE

Allopodocotyle epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1942) (M) plagiorchis Ozaki, 1926 38 (F) Pritchard, 1966 Location: intestine Syn.: Podocotyle epinepheli Yamaguti, 1942 Hosts: Anabas testudineus (1,2) Location: intestine fish (3,4) Host: Drepane punctata Dist.: An Giang, Mekong River Delta Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Mamaev 1970

37 The specific name has been misspelled “ issoporum ” by Vietnamese authors. fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819) (M) 38 The specific name has been misspelled “ plageorchis ” Odhner, 1902 by Vietnamese authors.

33

Location: intestine metacercaria Host: Epinephelus sexfasciatus Location: vitreous humour of eye Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Hosts: Ilisha sp. (1) Record: Te 1998b Sardinella sp. (1,2) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Records: 1. Mamaev and Oshmarin 1966; 2. Plagioporus macrolepidotus Te, 1995 (F) Mamaev 1970 Location: intestine Hosts: Hampala macrolepidota (1) fish (2,3) Acanthocolpus liodorus Lühe, 1906 (M) Dist.: Dong Thap, Long An, Mekong River Delta Location: stomach Records: 1. Te 1995d (DT,LA), 2. 1998a (MRD); Host: Chirocentrus dorab 3. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Remarks: The status of this species requires re- Records: Mamaev and Oshmarin 1966; Mamaev evaluation. It is probably a species inquirenda. 1970

Plagioporus myoxocephalus Akhmerov, 1960 (F) Acanthocolpus luehei Srivastava, 1939 (M) Location: intestine Location: stomach Host: Hampala macrolepidota Host: Chirocentrus dorab Dist.: Mekong River Delta Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Te et al . 1991 Records: Mamaev and Oshmarin 1966; Mamaev 1970

Podocotyloides petalophallus Yamaguti, 1934 (M) Syn.: Podocotyle petalophallus (Yamaguti, 1934) Acanthocolpus orientalis Srivastava, 1939 (M) Location: intestine Location: intestine Hosts: Plectorhinchus cinctus Hosts: Seriola dumerili (1,2) Plectorhinchus sp . Seriolina nigrofasciata (1,2) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Dist.: South China Sea Record: Mamaev 1970 Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a, 2. 1976 Remarks: The synonymy follows Bray and Campbell (1996). Pleorchis sciaenae Yamaguti, 1938 (M) Location: intestine Pycnadenoides pagrosomi Yamaguti, 1938 (M) Host: Sciaenidae Location: intestine Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Host: Sciaenidae Record: Oshmarin 1965a Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Oshmarin 1965a Stephanostomum ditrematis (Yamaguti, 1939) (M) Manter, 1947 SUBFAMILY STENAKRINAE Location: intestine Hosts: Scomberoides lysan (1,2) Seriola dumerili (1,2) Neonotoporus decapteri Parukhin, 1966 (M) Seriolina nigrofasciata (1,2) Location: intestine Dist.: South China Sea Host: Decapterus sp. Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a, 2. 1976 Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: Parukhin 1966a (SCS), 1966b (GTO) Stephanostomum fistulariae (Yamaguti, 1940) (M) Manter and Van Cleave, 1951 SUPERFAMILY LEPOCREADIOIDEA Location: intestine Host: Fistularia petimba FAMILY ACANTHOCOLPIDAE Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Oshmarin 1965a

Acanthocolpus liodorus Lühe, 1906 (M)

34

Stephanostomum hispidum (Yamaguti, 1934) (M) Gibson 1996) its occurrence in Vietnamese fishes Manter, 1940 requires verification. Location: intestine Host: Seriolina nigrofasciata Dist.: South China Sea Stephanostomum sp. metacercaria (F,M) Records: Parukhin 1966a, 1976 Location: gills, vitreous humour of eye, intestine Hosts: Cyprinus carpio (3) Labeo chryophekadion (3) Stephanostomum imparispine (Linton, 1905) (M) Psettodes erumei (2) Manter, 1940 metacercaria Sciaenidae (1) Location: body cavity, gills, inner organs, fish (3) intestine Dist.: Ho Chi Minh, Gulf of Tonkin, southern Viet Hosts: Abalistes stellaris (1,2,7) Nam Aluterus monoceros (7) Records: 1. Oshmarin 1965a (GTO); 2. Parukhin Echeneis naucrates (2,4,6) 1967a (GTO); 3. Chon 1999 (HCM,SV) Psettodes erumei (2,3,7) Remarks: Records of this genus from freshwater Rachycentron canadum (5) fishes are probably based on misidentifications. Seriolina nigrofasciata (2) Triacanthus biaculeatus (2,5,7) fish (1,3) Stephanostomum sp. (M) Dist.: Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, South Location: intestine China Sea Host: Ephippus orbis Records: 1. Parukhin and Chikunova 1964 (GTH, Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin GTO); 2. Parukhin 1966a (SCS); 3. 1967a (GTO), Record: Mamaev 1970 4. 1967b (SCS), 5. 1971 (GTO), 6. 1976 (SCS), 7. 1989 (GTH,GTO) Tormopsolus carangi Parukhin, 1976 (M) Location: stomach, intestine Stephanostomum tenue (Linton, 1898) (M) Host: Caranx malabaricus Linton, 1934 metacercaria Dist.: South China Sea Syn.: Stephanostomoides dorabi Mamaev Record: Parukhin 1976 and Oshmarin, 1966 Remarks: Bray and Cribb (2001) noted that Location: gills Parukhin’s (1966a) record of “ Tormopsolus Host: Sardinella sp . carangis ” from the same host and locality Dist: Gulf of Tonkin presumably refers to this species; however, it must Records: Mamaev and Oshmarin 1966; Mamaev be considered a nomen nudum. 1970 Remarks: The synonymy follows Hafeezullah (1991). As Stephanostomum tenue is a parasite of Tormopsolus echenei Parukhin, 1966 (M) marine and anadromous fishes of the northwestern Location: stomach, intestine Atlantic Ocean (see Schell 1985, Gibson 1996), Hosts: Echeneis naucrates (1,2,3,4) its occurrence in Vietnamese fishes requires Psettodes erumei (2,5) verification. Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: 1. Parukhin 1966b (GTO), 2. 1967a (GTO), 3. 1967b (SCS), 4. 1976 (SCS), 5. 1989 Stephanostomum tenue (Linton, 1898) (M) (GTO) Linton, 1934 Remarks: This taxon is probably a synonym of Syn.: Stephanostomoides dorabi Mamaev Echeneidocoelium indicum Simha and Pershad, and Oshmarin, 1966 1964 (see Bray and Cribb 1998). Location: stomach Host: Chirocentrus dorab Dist: Gulf of Tonkin Tormopsolus filiformis Sogandares-Bernal (M) Records: Mamaev and Oshmarin 1966; Mamaev and Hutton, 1959 1970 Syn.: Tormopsolus rhachicentri Parukhin, 1965 39 Remarks: The synonymy follows Hafeezullah Location: intestine (1991). As Stephanostomum tenue is a parasite of marine and anadromous fishes of the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean (see Schell 1985, 39 The specific name was misspelled “ rachycentri ” by Parukhin (1971, 1976).

35

Hosts: Caranx malabaricus (3) Remarks: The subfamily Aephnidiogeninae was Rachycentron canadum (1,2,3) recently reviewed by Bray and Cribb (1997). Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: 1. Parukhin 1965a (GTO), 2. 1971 (GTO), 3. 1976 (SCS) SUBFAMILY DIPLOPROCTODAEINAE Remarks: The synonymy follows Hafeezullah (1991). Diploproctia drepanei Mamaev, 1970 (M) Location: intestine Tormopsolus orientalis Yamaguti, 1934 (M) Host: Drepane punctata Location: stomach Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Host: Caranx malabaricus Record: Mamaev 1970 Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: Parukhin 1966a (SCS); Lebedev 1970 (GTO) Diploproctodaeoides longipygum (Oshmarin, (M) Mamaev and Parukhin, 1961) Reimer, 1981 Syn.: Diploproctodaeum longipygum FAMILY APOCREADIIDAE Oshmarin, Mamaev and Parukhin, 1961 Location: intestine Host: Abalistes stellaris Homalometron sp. (M) Dist.: Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin Location: intestine Records: Oshmarin, Mamaev and Parukhin 1961a Host: Gerres filamentosus (GTO); Parukhin and Chikunova 1964 Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin (GTH,GTO); Parukhin 1989 (GTH,GTO) Record: Mamaev 1970

Diploproctodaeum macracetabulum (M) Schistorchis skrjabini Parukhin, 1963 (M) Oshmarin, Mamaev and Parukhin, 1961 Location: intestine Location: intestine Hosts: Abalistes stellaris (1,3) Hosts: Abalistes stellaris (1,2,4) Triacanthus biaculeatus (1,2,3) Triacanthus biaculeatus (3,4) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Dist.: Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin Records: 1. Parukhin 1963), 2. 1971, 3. 1989 Records: 1. Oshmarin, Mamaev and Parukhin 1961a (GTO); 2. Parukhin and Chikunova 1964 (GTH,GTO); 3. Parukhin 1971 (GTO), 4. 1989 Sphincteristomum acollum (M) (GTH,GTO) Oshmarin, Mamaev and Parukhin, 1961 40 Location: intestine Host: Abalistes stellaris Diploproctodeum plataxi Mamaev, 1970 (M) Dist.: Gult of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin Location: intestine Records: Oshmarin, Mamaev and Parukhin 1961a Host: Platax orbicularis (GTO); Parukhin and Chikunova 1964 Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin (GTH,GTO); Parukhin 1989 (GTH,GTO) Record: Mamaev 1970

FAMILY Diploproctodaeum rutellum (Mamaev, 1970) (M) Bray, Cribb and Barker, 1996 SUBFAMILY AEPHNIDIOGENINAE Syn.: Caecobiporum rutellum Mamaev, 1970 Location: intestine Hosts: Ephippus orbis Aephnidiogenes barbarus Nicoll, 1915 (M) Platax orbicularis Location: intestine Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Host: Pomadasys hasta Record: Mamaev 1970 Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Remarks: The synonymy follows Bray, Cribb and Record: Mamaev 1970 Barker (1996).

40 The generic name has been occasionally misspelled “Spincterostomum ” by Soviet authors.

36

SUBFAMILY LEPIDAPEDINAE Syn.: Pseudocreadium sp. of Parukhin and Chikunova, 1964 and of Parukhin, 1989 Location: not given Lepidapedon megalaspi Parukhin, 1966 (M) Host: Abalistes stellaris incertae sedis Dist.: Gulf of Thailand Location: intestine Records: Parukhin and Chikunova 1964; Parukhin Hosts: Caranx malabaricus (1,2,4) 1989 Decapterus sp. (1,4) Remarks: Bray and Cribb (1996) referred Megalaspis cordyla (1,2,4) Pseudocreadium sp. of Parukhin and Chikunova Rachycentron canadum (2,3) (1964) to Hypocreadium. Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a (SCS), 2. 1966b (GTO), 3. 1971 (GTO), 4. 1976 (SCS) Lepocreadium sp. (M) Remarks: Bray and Gibson (1995) noted that the Location: intestine taxonomic position of this species is uncertain. Hosts: Ephippus orbis (1) They suggested that it may be an acanthocolpid, Triacanthus biaculeatus (2,3) possibly near Stephanostomum Looss, 1899. Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Records: 1. Mamaev 1970; 2. Parukhin 1971, 3. 1989 SUBFAMILY LEPOCREADIINAE

Multitestis magnacetabulum Mamaev, 1970 (M) Callogonotrema fistulariae Oshmarin 1965 (M) Location: intestine Location: stomach Hosts: Ephippus orbis Host: Fistularia petimba Platax orbicularis Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Oshmarin 1965b Record: Mamaev 1970

Hypocreadium cavum Bray and Cribb, 1966 (M) Opechona formiae Oshmarin, 1965 (M) Syn.: Pseudocreadium patellarae [sic] of Location: stomach, intestine Oshmarin, 1965 Hosts: Leiognathidae (3) P. scaphosomum of Parukhin and Pampus argenteus (2) Chikunova, 1964 Parastromateus niger (1,3) Location: intestine Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Host: Abalistes stellaris Records: 1. Oshmarin 1965a; 2. Lebedev 1970; 3. Dist.: Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin Mamaev 1970 Records: Oshmarin 1965a (GTO); Parukhin and Chikunova 1964 (GTH,GTO) Remarks: The synonymy follows Bray and Cribb Trigonotrema alatum Goto and Ozaki, 1929 (M) (1996). Location: stomach, intestine Hosts: Brachiostegus japonicus (1) (2) Hypocreadium scaphosomum (Manter, 1940) (M) D. punctata (2) Syn.: Pseudocreadium scaphosomum Ephippus orbis (2) Manter, 1940 Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Location: intestine Records: 1. Oshmarin 1965a; 2. Mamaev 1970 Hosts: Abalistes stellaris (2) . Aluterus monoceros (2) Triacanthus biaculeatus (1,2) Unidentified Lepocreadiidae Dist.: Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin Records: 1. Parukhin 1971 (GTO), 2. 1989 Lepocreadiidae gen. sp. (M) (GTH,GTO) Location: intestine Remarks: Some or all of these records may involve Host: Plectorhinchus cinctus H. cavum . Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Mamaev 1970

Hypocreadium sp. (M)

37

SUPERFAMILY OPISTHORCHIOIDEA FAMILY HETEROPHYIDAE

FAMILY CRYPTOGONIMIDAE Apophallus sp. 41 [metacercaria] (F) Location: muscle Metadena bagarii Moravec and Sey, 1989 (F) Hosts: Channa lucius (1,2) Location: intestne fish (3,4) Host: Bagarius bagarius Dist.: An Giang, Mekong River Delta Dist.: Ha Noi Records: 1. Te et al. 1991 (MRD); 2. Te 1995d Record: Moravec and Sey 1989b (AG), 3. 1998a (MRD); 4. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD)

Metadena eurystoma Oshmarin, 1965 (M) Location: intestine Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924) (F) Host: Sciaenidae Price, 1932 metacercaria Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Location: gills Record: Oshmarin 1965a Hosts: Barbonymus gonionotus (2) Catla catla (2) Cirrhinus cirrhosus (2,4) Paracryptogonimus echinostomus (Oshmarin, (M) Clarias batrachus (2) Mamaev and Parukhin, 1961) Yamaguti, 1971 C. macrocephalus (2) Syn.: Lappogonimus echinostomus Oshmarin, Cyprinus carpio (1) Mamaev and Parukhin, 1961 Labeo rohita (2,4) Location: intestine Monopterus albus (2) Host: Pristipomoides typus Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (2,3) Dist: Gulf of Tonkin Osphronemus goramy (2) Record: Oshmarin, Mamaev and Parukhin 1961b fish (5) Dist.: Bac Ninh, Red River Delta, Mekong River Delta, northern Viet Nam Paracryptogonimus morosovi (M) Records: 1. Te 1984 (RRD); 2. Te et al . 1991 (Parukhin, 1965) Yamaguti, 1971 (MRD); 3. Te, Lua and Viet 1999 (NV); 4. Te and Syn.: Lappogonimus morosovi Parukhin, 1965 Ha 1999 (BN); 5. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) Location: intestine Host: Rachycentron canadum Dist: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Centrocestus sp. metacercaria (F) Records: Parukhin 1965b (GTO), 1971 (GTO), Location: gills 1976 (SCS) Host: Cyprinus carpio Dist.: Bac Ninh Record: Te 1984 Pseudallacanthochasmus plectorhynchi (M) Mamaev, 1970 Location: intestine Unidentified Heterophyidae Host: Plectorhinchus cinctus Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Heterophyidae gen. sp. metacercaria (M) Record: Mamaev 1970 Includes: Galactosomatidae gen. sp. of Mamaev, 1970 Location: gills Pseudosiphoderoides longus (Oshmarin, (M) Host: Sardinella sp . Mamaev and Parukhin, 1961) Yamaguti, 1971 Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Syn.: Disacanthus longus Oshmarin, Mamaev Record: Mamaev 1970 and Parukhin, 1961 Location: intestine Host: Pristipomoides typus FAMILY Dist: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Oshmarin, Mamaev and Parukhin 1961b

41 The generic name has occasionally been misspelled "Apophalus " by Vietnamese authors.

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Clonorchis sinensis (Cobbold, 1875) (F) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Looss, 1907 metacercaria Record: Lebedev 1970 Location: [musculature] Remarks: As members of the genus Host: Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Phyllodistomum are typically parasites of the Dist.: Ninh Binh ureters and urinary bladder, the parasites may Record: Kino et al. 1998 have been displaced during host dissection. Remarks: This trematode is of zoonotic importance in parts of Southeast and East Asia where freshwater fish are eaten raw. Phyllodistomum parukhini Yamaguti, 1971 (M) In northern Viet Nam, the life cycle involves Syn.: Phyllodistomum skrjabini Parukhin, 1963 snails (Melanoides tuberculatus and P. rachycentri Parukhin, 1972 Parafossarulus manchouricus ) as first Location: kidney, urinary bladder intermediate hosts, cyprinoid fishes as second Host: Rachycentron canadum intermediate hosts, and various piscivorous Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin mammals (e.g., cats, dogs and humans) as final Records: Parukhin 1963, 1971 hosts (Kino et al. 1998). Remarks: The synonymy follows Parukhin (1976). Parukhin (1972) created the name Phyllodistomum rachycentri Parukhin, 1972 for SUPERFAMILY PLAGIORCHIOIDEA P. skrjabini Parukhin, 1963, as this name was preoccupied by P. skrjabini Pigulevsky, 1953; FAMILY GORGODERIDAE however, he was unaware that this taxon had already been renamed as P. parukhini Yamaguti, 1971. Phyllodistomum carangis Manter, 1947 (M) Location: intestine [?] Host: Scomberoides lysan Phyllodistomum psettodi Parukhin, 1966 (M) Dist.: South China Sea Location: urinary bladder Records: Parukhin 1966a, 1976 Host: Psettodes erumei Remarks: As members of the genus Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Phyllodistomum are typically parasites of the Records: Parukhin 1966c, 1967a, 1989 ureters and urinary bladder, the parasites may have been displaced during host dissection. Phyllodistomum strictum Oshmarin, 1965 (M) Location: intestine [?] Phyllodistomum clariasi Dajia, Dingke (F) Host: Parastromateus niger and Xiaoming, 1986 Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Location: intestine Records: Oshmarin 1965a; Mamaev 1970 Host: Clarias fuscus Remarks: As members of the genus Dist.: Ha Noi Phyllodistomum are typically parasites of the Record: Moravec and Sey 1989b ureters and urinary bladder, the parasites may Remarks: The site of infection, noted as the rectum have been displaced during host dissection. by Moravec and Sey (1989b), is unusual for members of this genus. Phyllodistomum sp. (F) Location: intestine [?] Phyllodistomum megalovum Oshmarin, 1965 (F) Host: Bagarius bagarius Location: urinary bladder Dist.: Ha Noi Host: ? bouderius Record: Moravec and Sey 1989b Dist.: Hai Phong 42 Remarks: As members of the genus Record: Oshmarin 1965a Phyllodistomum are typically parasites of the ureters and urinary bladder, the parasites may have been displaced during host dissection. Phyllodistomum notosinicum Lebedev, 1970 (M) Location: [?] Host: Scomberomorus sp. Xystretum abalisti Parukhin, 1964 (M) Location: urinary bladder Hosts: Abalistes stellaris (1,4) 42 The locality, given as “Kenan” by Oshmarin (1965a), is Triacanthus biaculeatus (2,3) considered to be a spelling variant of Kien An.

39

Dist.: Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin Orientocreadium siluri (Dubinina (F) Records: 1. Parukhin 1964b (GTO), 2. 1971 and Bykhovsky, 1954) Yamaguti, 1958 (GTO), 3. 1989 (GTH,GTO); 4. Parukhin and Location: intestine Chikunova 1964 (GTH) Host: Hemibagrus nemurus Dist.: Mekong River Delta Record: Te et al . 1991 FAMILY MASENIIDAE

Orientocreadium sp. (F) Masenia collata Chatterji, 1933 metacercaria (F) Location: intestine Location: gills Hosts: Anabas testudineus (1) Hosts: Barbonymus altus (1) Hemibagrus nemurus (1) B. gonionotus (1) fish (2,3) Labeo rohita (1) Dist.: Dong Thap, Tien Giang, Mekong River Delta Osphronemus goramy (1) Records: 1. Te 1995d (DT,TG), 2. 1998a (MRD); fish (2) 3. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Te 1995d; 2. Te and Yen 1999 SUPERFAMILY ZOOGONOIDEA

Masenia collata Chatterji, 1933 (F) FAMILY FAUSTULIDAE Location: intestine Hosts: Clarias batrachus (2,3) C. fuscus (1) Bacciger bacciger (Rudolphi, 1819) (F) C. macrocephalus (2,3) Nicoll, 1914 fish (4) Location: intestine Dist.: Ha Noi, Mekong River Delta Hosts: Ompok bimaculatus Records: 1. Moravec and Sey 1989b (HN); 2. Te et Wallago attu al. 1991 (MRD); 3. Te 1995d (MRD), 4. 1998a Dist.: Mekong River Delta (MRD) Record: Te et al . 1991

FAMILY ORIENTOCREADIIDAE Bacciger sp. (F) Location: intestine Hosts: Ompok bimaculatus (1) Orientocreadium batrachoides Tubangui, 1931 (F) Wallago attu (1) Location: intestine fish (2,3) Hosts: Clarias batrachus (2,4) Dist.: An Giang, Dong Thap, Tien Giang, Mekong C. fuscus (1) River Delta C. macrocephalus (2,4) Records: 1. Te 1995d (AG,DT,TG), 2. 1998a fish (3,5,6,7) (MRD); 3. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) Dist.: Ha Noi, Mekong River Delta, southern Viet Nam Records: 1. Moravec and Sey 1989b (HN); 2. Te et Paradiscogaster drepanei Mamaev, 1970 (M) al. 1991 (MRD); 3. Te 1993b (MRD), 4. 1995d Location: intestine (MRD), 5. 1998a (MRD); 6. Te and Yen 1999 Hosts: Drepane longimana (MRD); 7. Chon 1999 (SV) D. punctata Remarks: The life cycle of this trematode was Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin studied experimentally by Sirikantayakul (1985). Record: Mamaev 1970 In the Philippines, the snail Lymnaea viridis serves as both the first intermediate and the primary second intermediate host. A few FAMILY MONORCHIIDAE metacercariae were also recovered from (Clarias macrocephalus ) and tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus ) fry and other aquatic Huridostomum formionis Mamaev, 1970 (M) organisms expermentally exposed to newly Location: intestine emerged cercariae. Host: Parastromateus niger Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin

40

Record: Mamaev 1970 Lasiotocus tropicus (Manter, 1940) (M) Bartoli and Bray, 2004 Syn.: Telolecithus tropicus Manter, 1940 44 Hurleytrematoides chaetodoni (Manter, 1942) (M) Location: intestine Yamaguti, 1954 Hosts: Caranx malabaricus (2) Location: intestine Megalaspis cordyla (1,2) Host: Chaetodon sp . Dist.: South China Sea Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a, 2. 1976 Record: Mamaev 1970 Remarks: The synonymy follows Bartoli and Bray (2004).

Lasiotocus cacuminatus (Nicoll, 1915) (M) Thomas, 1959 Leiomonorchis leiognathi Mamaev, 1970 (M) Syn.: Genolopa cacuminata Nicoll, 1915 Location: intestine Location: stomach, intestine Hosts: Leiognathidae Host: Pomadasys hasta Leiognathus equulus Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Parastromateus niger Records: Oshmarin 1965a; Mamaev 1970 Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Mamaev 1970

Lasiotocus chaetodipteri Thomas, 1959 (M) Location: stomach, intestine Longimonorchis ovacutus Mamaev, 1970 (M) Host: Pomadasys hasta Location: intestine Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Host: Parastromateus niger Record: Mamaev 1970 Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Mamaev 1970

Lasiotocus cryptastoma (Oshmarin, 1965) (M) Mamaev, 1970 43 Monorchis diplovarium Mamaev, 1970 (M) Syn.: Proctotrema cryptastoma Oshmarin, 1965 Location: intestine Location: stomach, intestine Host: Pomadasys hasta Host: Pomadasys hasta Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Mamaev 1970 Record: Mamaev 1970

Opisthomonorcheides decapteri (M) Lasiotocus macrorchis (Yamaguti, 1934) (M) Parukhin, 1966 Yamaguti, 1954 Location: intestine Location: intestine Hosts: Atule mate (1,2,3) Hosts: Plectorhinchus cinctus Decapterus sp . (1,2,3) Plectorhinchus sp . Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a (SCS), 2. 1966b Record: Mamaev 1970 (GTO), 3. 1976 (SCS)

Lasiotocus plectorhynchi (Yamaguti, 1934) (M) Opisthomonorchis carangis Yamaguti, 1952 (M) Yamaguti, 1954 Location: stomach, intestine Location: intestine Hosts: Carangidae (1,2) Hosts: Plectorhinchus cinctus Caranx malabaricus (1,2,3,4) Plectorhinchus sp . Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a (SCS), 2. 1976 (SCS); Record: Mamaev 1970 3. Lebedev 1968a (SCS), 4. 1970 (GTO)

43 In the original description of this species by Oshmarin Proctotrema sp. (M) (1965a), the species name was first spelled “cryptastoma ” and later, in the caption to Figure 23, given as “ cryptostoma ”. Mamaev (1970) used the latter 44 The generic name was misspelled “ Thelolecithus” by spelling in his report. Parukhin (1966a, 1976).

41

Location: stomach, intestine Benedenia epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1937) (M) Hosts: Pomadasys hasta (1) Meserve, 1938 Selar crumenophthalmus (2,3) Location: gills, eyes, mouth, skin Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Hosts: Epinephelus bruneus Records: 1. Oshmarin 1965a (GTO); 2. Parukhin E. sexfasciatus 1966a (SCS), 3. 1976 (SCS) E. tauvina Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Te 1998b Unidentified Digenea

Digenea gen. sp. adult and metacercaria (F,M) Benedenia sp . (M) Includes: Trematoda auctorum Location: skin Location: body cavity, vitreous humour of eye, Hosts: Epinephelus bruneus muscle, stomach, intestine E. sexfasciatus Hosts: Alectis indicus (1) E. tauvina Alepes melanoptera (1) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Atropus atropos (1) Record: Te 1998b A. oreolatus (1) Atule mate (1) Carangidae (1) Encotyllabe spari Yamaguti, 1934 (M) chrysophrys (1) Location: gills Caranx malabaricus (1,2) Hosts: Gymnocranius griseus Caranx sp. (1,2,3) Plectorhinchus sp . Clarias macrocephalus (4) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Decapterus sp. (1) Record: Mamaev 1970 Echeneis naucrates (1) Gnathanodon speciosus (1) Megalaspis cordyla (1,2) Megalocotyle lutiani Lebedev, 1970 (M) Psettodes erumei (1) Location: gills Rachycentron canadum (1) Host: Lutjanus lutjanus Scomberoides lysan (2) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Selar crumenophthalmus (1,2) Record: Lebedev 1970 Selaroides leptolepis (1) Seriola dumerili (1) Seriolina nigrofasciata (1) Sessilorbis limopharynx Mamaev, 1970 (M) Trichogaster pectoralis (4) Location: gills ` grouper (5,6) Host: Platax orbicularis fish (4) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Dist.: Mekong River Delta, Gulf of Tonkin, South Record: Mamaev 1970 China Sea Records: 1. Parukhin 1964a (GTO), 2. 1966a (SCS), 3. 1976 (SCS); 4. Te 1993b (MRD); 5. Sprostoniella multitestis Bykhovsky and (M) NACA/FAO 1999a (-), 6. 1999b (-) Nagibina, 1967 Location: gills Host: Platax orbicularis CLASS MONOGENOIDEA 45 Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Mamaev 1970 SUBCLASS POLYONCHOINEA

ORDER CAPSALIDEA ORDER GYRODACTYLIDEA

FAMILY CAPSALIDAE FAMILY GYRODACTYLIDAE

Gyrodactylus ctenopharyngodontis Lin, (F) 45 There has been considerable debate concerning in Gusev, 1962 whether the correct name for this class is the Location: [skin] or the Monogenoidea (see Boeger and Kritsky 1993, Host: fish 2001; Wheeler and Chisholm 1995).

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Dist.: southern Viet Nam 4. Te and Yen 1999 Record: Chon 1999

Gyrodactylus sprostonae Lin, 1962 (F) Gyrodactylus fusci Ky, 1968 46 (F) Location: gills, skin Location: gills, skin Host: Oreochromis niloticus niloticus Hosts: Clarias batrachus (5) Dist.: northern Viet Nam C. fuscus (1) Record: Te, Lua and Viet 1999 C. macrocephalus (2,5) Clarias sp. (4) fish (3,4,6) Gyrodactylus squaliobarbi Lin, 1962 (F) Dist.: Ha Noi, Mekong River Delta Location: gills, skin Records: 1. Ky 1968b (HN); 2. Te 1989 (MRD), Hosts: Barbonymus gonionotus 3. 1993b (MRD), 4. 1998a (MRD) 47 ; 5. Te et al . Helostoma temminckii 1991 (MRD); 6. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Record: Te et al. 1991

Gyrodactylus maculati Ky, 1968 (F) Location: skin Gyrodactylus sp. (F) Hosts: Channa maculata (1) Location: gills, skin fish (2) Hosts: Cyprinus carpio (4) Dist.: Ha Noi, Mekong River Delta fish (1,2,3) Records: 1. Ky 1968b (HN); 2. Te 1993b (MRD) Dist.: Binh Duong, Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Te 1993a (-), 2. 1993b (MRD); 3. Le Van Khoa 1999 (-); 4. Chon 1999 (BD) Gyrodactylus medius Kathariner, 1895 (F) Location: gills, skin Hosts: Cyprinus carpio (2) FAMILY TETRAONCHOIDIDAE Hypophthalmichthys harmandi (1) Dist.: Bac Ninh, Red River Delta Records: 1. Ky 1968b (BN) 48 ; 2. Te 1984 (RRD) Paratetraonchoides inermis Bykhovsky, (M) Gusev and Nagibina, 1965 Location: gills Gyrodactylus niloticus Cone, Arthur (F) Host: Ichthyscopus lebeck lebeck and Bondad-Reantaso, 1995 Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Location: gills, skin Record: Bykhovsky, Gusev and Nagibina 1965 Host: Oreochromis niloticus niloticus Dist.: Mekong River Delta Record: Te et al. 1991 Pavlovskioides ichthyoscopi Bykhovsky, (M) Remarks: This species was probably introduced to Gusev and Nagibina, 1965 Viet Nam with the Nile tilapia. Location: gills Host: Ichthyscopus lebeck lebeck Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Gyrodactylus ophiocephali Gusev, 1955 (F) Record: Bykhovsky et al . 1965 Location: gills, skin Hosts: Channa micropeltes (1) C. striata (1) Pavlovskioides litoralis Bykhovsky, (M) fish (2,3,4) Gusev and Nagibina, 1965 Dist.: Mekong River Delta Location: gills Records: 1. Te et al. 1991; 2. Te 1993b, 3. 1998a; Host: Trachinocephalus myops Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin 46 The specific name has occasionally been misspelled Record: Bykhovsky, Gusev and Nagibina 1965 “fucus ” by Vietnamese authors. 47 Te (1998a) recorded Gyrodactylus fusci and Quadriacanthus kobiensis from catfish ( Clarias Pseudotetraonchoides bleekeriae Bykhovsky, (M) batrachus and C. macrocephalus ), but did not indicate if Gusev and Nagibina, 1965 both species were found on both hosts. Location: gills 48 Tentative parasite identification (as " Gyrodactylus Host: Bleekeria viridianguilla medius (?)...".

43

Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Dist.: Mekong River Delta Record: Bykhovsky, Gusev and Nagibina 1965 Records: 1. Te et al . 1991; 2. Te 1993b, 3. 1998a; 4. Te and Yen 1999 Remarks: In his summary and conclusions, Te ORDER (1998b) listed Ancyrocephalus sp. from groupers of Ha Long Bay, however, in his Table 3 and SUBORDER DACTYLOGYRINEA elsewhere in the text, this material was identified as Haliotrema sp. We have listed these records FAMILY DACTYLOGYRIDAE under the latter genus.

Ancyrocephalus bilobatus Yamaguti, 1953 (M) Bychowskyella pseudobagi Akhmerov, 1952 (F) Location: gills Location: [gills] Hosts: Drepane longimana Host: fish D. punctata Dist.: Mekong River Delta Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Records: Te 1993b, 1998a Record: Mamaev 1970

Bychowskyella tchangi Gusev, 1976 (F) Ancyrocephalus macrogaster Yamaguti, 1953 (M) Location: gills Location: gills Hosts: Clarias macrocephalus (1) Host: Gerres filamentosus fish (2) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Dist.: Mekong River Delta Record: Mamaev 1970 Records: 1. Te et al. 1991; 2. Te and Yen 1999

Ancyrocephalus parspinicirrus Mamaev, 1970 (M) Cichlidogyrus sclerosus Paperna and (F) Location: gills Thurston, 1969 Host: Drepane punctata Location: gills Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Hosts: Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (1,4) Record: Mamaev 1970 Oreochromis sp. (1) fish (2,3,5,6) Dist.: Mekong River Delta, northern Viet Nam, Ancyrocephalus scapulasser Mamaev, 1970 (M) southern Viet Nam Location: gills Records: 1. Te et al . 1991 (MRD); 2. Te 1993b Host: Gerres filamentosus (MRD); 3. 1998a (MRD); 4. Te, Lua and Viet Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin 1999 (NV); 5. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD); 6. Chon Record: Mamaev 1970 1999 (SV) Remarks: This monogenean was introduced to Viet Nam along with the importation of tilapias. Ancyrocephalus spinicirrus Yamaguti, 1953 (M) Location: gills Host: Drepane punctata Cichlidogyrus tilapiae Paperna, 1960 (F) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Location: gills Record: Mamaev 1970 Hosts: Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (1,2) Oreochromis sp. (1) fish (3) Ancyrocephalus unicirrus Tripathi, 1959 (M) Dist.: Mekong River Delta, northern Viet Nam Location: gills Records: 1. Te et al . 1991 (MRD); 2. Te, Lua and Host: Pomadasys hasta Viet 1999 (NV); 3. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Remarks: This monogenean was introduced to Viet Record: Mamaev 1970 Nam along with the importation of tilapias.

Ancyrocephalus sp. (F) Cichlidogyrus sp. (F) Location: gills Location: [gills] Hosts: Plotosus canius (1) Hosts: Oreochromis sp. (1) fish (2,3,4) fish (1,2)

44

Dist.: Mekong River Delta curriculi Ky, 1971 (F) Records: 1. Te 1993b, 2. 1998a Location: gills Remarks: This genus was introduced to Viet Nam Host: Squaliobarbus curriculus along with the importation of tilapias. Dist.: Hai Phong Record: Ky 1971a

Cornudiscoides malayensis Lim, 1987 (F) Location: gills Dactylogyrus denticulati Ky, 1971 (F) Hosts: Hemibagrus nemurus (1) Location: gills fish (2) Host: Spinibarbichthys denticulatus Dist.: Mekong River Delta Dist.: Bac Kan, Lao Cai Records: 1. Te et al. 1991; 2. Te 1998a Record: Ky 1971a

Cornudiscoides sundanensis Lim, 1987 (F) Dactylogyrus extensis Mueller and (F) Location: [gills] Van Cleave, 1932 Host: fish Location: gills Dist.: Mekong River Delta Host: Cyprinus carpio Record: Te 1998a Dist.: Red River Delta Record: Te 1984

Dactylogyrus achmerowi Gusev, 1955 (F) Location: gills Dactylogyrus falciformis Akhmerov, 1952 (F) Host: Cyprinus carpio Location: gills Dist.: Red River Delta Host: Cyprinus carpio Record: Te 1984 Dist.: Red River Delta Record: Te 1984

Dactylogyrus anchoratus (Dujardin, 1845) (F) Wagener, 1857 Dactylogyrus harmandi Ky, 1971 (F) Location: gills Location: gills Host: Cyprinus carpio Hosts: Hypophthalmichthys harmandi (2) Dist.: Red River Delta H. molitrix (1) Record: Te 1984 Dist.: Ha Bac, Ha Noi, Hai Phong, northern Viet Nam Records: 1. Ky 1971a (HN,HB,HP); 2. 1989 (NV) 49 Dactylogyrus babensis Ky, 1971 (F) Location: gills Host: Cirrhinus molitorella Dactylogyrus intermedius Wegener, 1910 (F) Dist.: Bac Kan, Ha Noi, Lao Cai Location: gills Record: Ky 1971a Host: Carassius auratus auratus Dist.: northern Viet Nam Record: Te 1989 50 Dactylogyrus bakanensis Ky, 1971 (F) Location: gills Host: Cirrhinus molitorella Dactylogyrus kalyanensis Musselius and (F) Dist.: Bac Kan, Ha Noi, Lao Cai Gusev, in Gusev, 1976 Record: Ky 1971a Location: gills Host: Catla catla Dist.: Mekong River Delta Dactylogyrus cranoglanis Gusev, 1966 (F) Record: Te et al. 1991 Location: gills Host: ? Dist.: Sichuan River basin, Vietnamese-Chinese border Record: Gusev 1966 49 The record of Te (1989) is based on the unpublished dissertation synopsis of Ky (1969). 50 This record is based on the unpublished dissertation synopsis of Ky (1969).

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Dactylogyrus kanchanaburiensis Chinabut (F) Dactylogyrus nobilis Long and Yu, 1958 (F) and Lim, 1993 Location: gills Location: [gills] Host: Aristichthys nobilis Host: fish Dist.: northern Viet Nam Dist.: Mekong River Delta Record: Te 1989 53 Record: Te and Yen 1999

Dactylogyrus pseudospyrna Chinabut and (F) Dactylogyrus labei Musselius and (F) Lim, 1993 Gusev, in Gusev, 1976 Location: [gills] Location: gills Host: fish Hosts: Labeo rohita (1,4,5) Dist.: Mekong River Delta fish (2,3,6) Record: Te and Yen 1999 Dist.: Bac Ninh, Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Te 1989 (MRD), 2. 1993b (MRD), 3. 1998a (MRD); 4. Te et al. 1991 (MRD); 5. Te Dactylogyrus quangfami Ky, 1971 (F) and Ha 1999 (BN); 6. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) Location: gills Host: Cirrhinus molitorella Dist.: Bac Kan, Ha Noi, Lao Cai Dactylogyrus lamellatus Akhmerov, 1952 (F) Record: Ky 1971a Location: gills Host: Ctenopharyngodon idellus Dist.: northern Viet Nam Dactylogyrus siamensis Chinabut and Lim, 1993 (F) Record: Te 1989 51 Location: [gills] Host: fish Dist.: Mekong River Delta Dactylogyrus lampam Lim, 1992 (F) Record: Te and Yen 1999 Location: [gills] Host: fish Dist.: Mekong River Delta Dactylogyrus spinibarbichthi Ky, 1971 (F) Record: Te and Yen 1999 Location: gills Host: Spinibarbichthys denticulatus Dist.: Bac Kan, Lao Cai Dactylogyrus laokajensis Ky, 1971 (F) Record: Ky 1971a Location: gills Host: tonkinensis Dist.: Lao Cai Dactylogyrus tapienensis Chinabut and (F) Record: Ky 1971a Lim, 1993 Location: [gills] Host: fish Dactylogyrus minutus Kulwiec, 1927 (F) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Location: gills Record: Te and Yen 1999 Host: Cyprinus carpio Dist.: Bac Ninh, Red River Delta, northern Viet Nam Dactylogyrus tonguthaiae Chinabut and (F) Records: Te 1984 (BN, RRD), 1989 (NV) 52 Lim, 1993 54 Location: [gills]

Dactylogyrus molitorelli Ky, 1971 (F) 53 Location: gills This record is based on the unpublished dissertation synopsis of Ky (1969). Host: Cirrhinus molitorella 54 The specific name was originally spelled " tonguthaii " Dist.: Bac Kan, Ha Noi, Lao Cai by Chinabut and Lim (1993), however, as the species Record: Ky 1971a was named for a woman (Dr Kamonporn Tonguthai), the spelling is corrected to " tonguthaiae " (see the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Article 51 This record is based on the unpublished dissertation 31.1.2 – dealing with an incorrect original spelling of a synopsis of Ky (1969). specific name which contravenes a provision of Articles 26 52 The record of Te (1989) is based on the unpublished to 34.) dissertation synopsis of Ky (1969).

46

Host: fish Pangasius hypophthalmus (8) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Puntiorplites proctozysron (4) Record: Te and Yen 1999 Puntius brevis (4) Ca ong tien (7) fish (2,3,4,5,6,7) Dactylogyrus tonkinensis Ky, 1971 (F) Dist.: An Giang, Binh Duong, Can Tho, Ho Chi Location: gills Minh, Mekong River Delta, southern Viet Nam Host: Bangana tonkinensis Records: 1. Te 1989 (MRD), 2. 1993b (MRD), 3. Dist.: Lao Cai 1998a (MRD); 4. Te et al . 1991 (MRD); 5. Le Record: Ky 1971a Van Khoa 1999 (-); 6. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD); 7. Chon 1999 (AG,BD,HCM,SV); 8. Dung and Crumlish 2001 (CT) Dactylogyrus uyeni Ky, 1971 (F) Location: gills Host: Cirrhinus molitorella Haliotrema sp. (M) Dist.: Bac Kan, Ha Noi, Lao Cai Location: gills Record: Ky 1971a Hosts: Epinephelus bruneus E. sexfasciatus E. tauvina Dactylogyrus viticulus Chinabut and Lim, 1993 (F) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Location: gills Record: Te 1998b 55 Hosts: Barbonymus altus (1) fish (2) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Heteronchocleidus sp. (F) Records: 1. Te et al. 1991; 2. Te and Yen 1999 Location: gills Hosts: Anabas testudineus (1) Channa striata (1) Dactylogyrus yogendrai Gusev and (F) fish (2) Musselius, in Gusev, 1976 Dist.: Mekong River Delta Location: gills Records: 1. Te 1989, 2. 1993b Hosts: Cirrhinus cirrhosus (1,2) fish (3) Dist.: Bac Ninh, Mekong River Delta Ligophorus macrocolpos Euzet and (F) Records: 1. Te et al . 1991 (MRD); 2. Te and Ha Suriano, 1983 1999 (BN); 3. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) Location: gills Hosts: Mugil cephalus (1) fish (2,3,4) Dactylogyrus zoanyngi Ky, 1971 (F) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Location: gills Records: Te et al . 1991; 2. Te 1993b, 3. 1998a; 4. Host: Cirrhinus molitorella Te and Yen 1999 Dist.: Bac Kan, Ha Noi, Lao Cai Record: Ky 1971a Malayanodiscoides bihamuli Lim and (F) Furtado, 1986 Dactylogyrus sp. (F) Location: gills Location: gills Hosts: Notopterus notopterus (1) Hosts: Aristichthys nobilis (7) fish (2,3) Barbonymus altus (1,4) Dist.: Mekong River Delta B. gonionotus (1,4) Records: Te et al. 1991; 2. Te 1998a; 3. Te and Cirrhinus jullieni (4) Yen 1999 Cirrhinus sp. (7) Ctenopharyngodon idellus (7) Cyprinus carpio (7) Notopterodiscoides sp. (F) Hampala macrolepidota (4) Hypophthalmichthys sp. (7) leptocheila (4) 55 This material was listed as Ancyrocephalus sp. in the Leptobarbus hoevenii (1,4) summary and conclusions of Te (1998b). Its recording as Osteochilus melanopleurus (4) Haliotrema sp. was given in Table 3 and elsewhere in the text.

47

Location: not given et al. 1991; 5. Te and Yen 1999 Host: fish Dist.: Mekong River Delta Record: Te 1998a Thaparocleidus pangasi (Tripathi, 1959) (F) Lim, 1996 Syn.: Silurodiscoides pangasi (Tripathi, 1959) Quadriacanthus kobiensis Ky, 1968 56 (F) Location: gills Location: gills Hosts: Pangasius bocourti (1) Hosts: Clarias batrachus (2,5) P. conchophilus (1) C. fuscus (1) fish (2) C. macrocephalus (2,5) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Clarias sp. (4) Records: 1. Te et al . 1991; 2. Te and Yen 1999 fish (3,4,6) Dist.: Ha Noi, Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Ky 1968b (HN); 2. Te 1989 (MRD), Thaparocleidus siamensis (Lim, 1990) (F) 3. 1993b (MRD), 4. 1998a (MRD) 57 ; 5. Te et al. Lim, 1996 1991 (MRD); 6. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) Syn.: Silurodiscoides siamensis Lim, 1990 Location: [gills] Host: fish Pseudodactylogyrus sp. (F) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Location: gills Record: Te and Yen 1999 Hosts: Oxyeleotris marmorata (1) fish (2,3) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Thaparocleidus sudhakari (Gusev, 1976) (F) Records: 1. Te 1989, 2. 1998a; 3. Te and Yen 1999 Lim, 1996 Syn.: Silurodiscoides sudhakari Gusev, 1976 Location: gills Thaparocleidus caecus (Mizelle and (F) Hosts: Wallago attu (1,4) Kritsky, 1969) Lim, 1996 fish (2,3,5) Syn.: Silurodiscoides caecus (Mizelle and Dist.: Mekong River Delta Kritsky, 1969) Records: 1. Te 1989, 2. 1993b, 3. 1998a; 4. Te et Location: gills al . 1991; 5. Te and Yen 1999 Hosts: Pangasius bocourti (1) P. hypophthalmus (1) fish (2) Thaparocleidus wallagonius Jain, 1952 (F) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Syn.: Silurodiscoides wallagonius (Jain, 1952) Records: 1. Te et al. 1991; 2. Te and Yen 1999 Location: gills Remarks: The synonymy follows Lim (1996), who Hosts: Wallago attu (1) provided a summary of the genus. fish (2) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Te et al. 1991; 2. Te and Yen 1999 Thaparocleidus notopterus (Jain, 1955) (F) Lim, 1996 58 Syn.: Ancyrocephalus notopterus (Jain, 1955) Thaparocleidus sp . (F) Silurodiscoides notopterus (Jain, 1955) Syn.: Silurodiscoides sp. Location: gills Location: gills Hosts: Notopterus notopterus (1,4) Hosts: Notopterus notopterus (5) fish (2,3,5) Ompok bimaculatus (5) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Pangasius bocourti (5) Records: 1. Te 1989, 2. 1993b, 3. Te 1998a; 4. Te P. conchophilus (5) P. hypophthalmus (5) 56 Vietnamese authors have misspelled the generic name P. larnaudii (5) as “ Quadricanthus ” and “ Quadriiacanthus ”. P. micronemus (1) 57 Te (1998a) recorded Quadriacanthus kobiensis and P. pangasius (1) Gyrodactylus fusci from catfish ( Clarias batrachus and fish (2,3,4,6) C. macrocephalus ), but did not indicate if both species Dist.: Mekong River Delta were found on both hosts. Records: 1. Te 1989, 2. 1993a (-), 3. 1993b, 4. 58 The specific name was misspelled " notopteri " by all 1998a; 5. Te et al . 1991; 6. Te and Yen 1999 authors.

48

Trianchoratus gussevi Lim, 1986 (F) FAMILY Location: gills Hosts: Anabas testudineus (1,2) fish (3,4) Diplectanum hargisi Oliver and Paperna, 1984 (M) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Location: gills Records: 1. Te et al. 1991; 2. Te 1995a, 3. 1998a; Hosts: Epinephelus bruneus 4. Te and Yen 1999 E. sexfasciatus E. tauvina Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Trianchoratus ophicephali Lim, 1986 59 (F) Record: Te 1998b Location: gills Remarks: This species probably belongs to the Hosts: Channa striata (1,2) genus (D.C. Kritsky, pers. fish (3,4) comm.). Dist.: Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Te et al . 1991; 2. Te 1995, 3. 1998a; 4. Te and Yen 1999 Diplectanum sp. (M) Location: gills Host: Plectorhinchus cinctus Trianchoratus pahangensis Lim, 1986 (F) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Location: gills Record: Mamaev 1970 Hosts: Channa lucius (1) fish (2,3,4) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Pseudorhabdosynochus cupatum (Young, (M) Records: 1. Te et al . 1991; 2. Te 1995a, 3. 1998a; 1969) Kritsky and Beverley-Burton, 1986 4. Te and Yen 1999 Syn.: Cycloplectanum cupatum (Young, 1969) Location: gills Host: Epinephelus sexfasciatus Trianchoratus trichogasterium Lim, 1986 60 (F) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Location: gills Record: Te 1998b Hosts: Trichogaster trichopterus (1,2) Remarks: The synonymy follows Kritsky and fish (3,4) Beverley-Burton (1986). Dist.: Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Te et al . 1991; 2. Te 1995a, 3. 1998a; 4. Te and Yen 1999 Pseudorhabdosynochus epinepheli (Yamaguti, (M) 1938) Kritsky and Beverley-Burton, 1986 Location: gills Unidentified Dactylogyridae Hosts: Epinephelus bruneus E. tauvina Dactylogyridae gen. sp. (F) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Includes: Ancyrocephalidae gen. sp. Record: Te 1998b Ancylodiscoidinae gen. sp. Location: gills Hosts: Aristichthys nobilis (1) SUBORDER TETRAONCHINEA Carassius auratus auratus (1) Cirrhinus moliterella (1) FAMILY SUNDANONCHIDAE Ctenopharyngodon idellus (1) Cyprinus carpio (1) Hypophthalmichthys sp. (1) Sundanonchus foliaceus Lim and Furtado, 1985 61 (F) Notopterus notopterus (2) Location: gills fish (3) Hosts: Channa micropeltes (1,2) Dist.: Ha Noi, Mekong River Delta fish (3,4) Records: 1, Ky 1975 (HN); 2. Te et al. 1991 Dist.: Mekong River Delta (MRD); 3. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) Records: 1. Te et al . 1991; 2. Te 1995a, 3. 1998a; 4. Te and Yen 1999

59 The specific name has been misspelled " ophiocephali " and “ ophiocephalis ” by Vietnamese authors. 60 The specific name was misspelled “ trigasterium ” by 61 The specific name has often been misspelled Te and Yen (1999). "foliacens " by Vietnamese authors.

49

Sundanonchus micropeltis Lim and (F) Decapterus sp. (1,2,3) Furtado, 1985 Scomberoides lysan (2,3) Location: gills Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin; South China Sea Hosts: Channa micropeltes (1,2) Records: 1. Lebedev 1970 (GTO); 2. Lebedev et fish (3,4) al. 1970 (GTO); 3. Parukhin 1976 (SCS) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Te et al . 1991; 2. Te 1995a, 3. 1998a; 4. Te and Yen 1999 Allodiscocotyla diacanthi Unnithan, 1962 (M) Location: gills Host: Decapterus sp. Sundanonchus triradicatus Lim and (F) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Furtado, 1985 62 Records: Lebedev 1970 (GTO); Lebedev et al. Location: gills 1970 (GTO); Parukhin 1976 (SCS) Hosts: Pristolepis fasciata (1,2) fish (3,4) Dist.: Mekong River Delta FAMILY ANTHOCOTYLIDAE Records: 1. Te et al. 1991; 2. Te 1995a, 3. 1998a; 4. Te and Yen 1999 Triglicola tonkinensis Mamaev (M) and Parukhin, 1972 Sundanonchus sp. (F) Location: gills Location: gills Host: Lepidotrygla sp . Hosts: Channa micropeltes (1,2) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin fish (3,4) Records: Mamaev and Parukhin 1972; Parukhin Dist.: Mekong River Delta 1989 Records: 1. Te et al . 1991; 2. Te 1995a, 3. 1998a; 4. Te and Yen 1999 Vallisia chorinemi Yamaguti, 1953 (M) Location: gills FAMILY TETRAONCHIDAE Hosts: Scomberoides lysan (2,3) Selar crumenophthalmus (1,2,3) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Tetraonchus sp. (F) Records: 1. Lebedev 1970 (GTO); 2. Lebedev et al. Location: [gills] 1970 (GTO); 3. Parukhin 1976 (SCS) Host: fish Dist.: Mekong River Delta Record: Te 1993b FAMILY Remarks: As members of this genus are typically parasites of Salmoniformes (Salmonidae and Esocidae) in temperate latitudes, this record Cathucotyle cathuaui Lebedev, 1968 (M) probably involves a misidentification. Location: gills Hosts: Scomberomorus commerson (1,2) S. guttatus (1,2) SUBCLASS HETERONCHOINEA Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: 1. Lebedev 1968b (SCS), 2. 1970 (GTO) INFRASUBCLASS OLIGONCHOINEA

ORDER Dawesia incisa Lebedev, 1970 (M) Location: gills FAMILY ALLODISCOCOTYLIDAE Hosts: Scomberomorus commerson S. guttatus Allodiscocotyla chorinemi Yamaguti, 1953 (M) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Location: gills Record: Lebedev 1970 Hosts: Caranx sp. (1,2,3)

Gastrocotyle trachuri Beneden and (M) 62 The specific name was misspelled “ triadicathus ” by Hesse, 1863 Te and Yen (1999).

50

Location: gills Record: Lebedev 1970 Hosts: Decapterus sp . (1,2,3) Selar crumenophthalmus (1,2,3) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Gotocotyla secunda (Tripathi, 1956) (M) Records: 1. Lebedev 1970 (GTO); 2. Lebedev et Yamaguti, 1963 al. 1970 (GTO); 3. Parukhin 1976 (SCS) Location: gills Host : Scomberomorus guttatus Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Gastrocotyle sp. (M) Record: Lebedev 1970 Location: gills Hosts: Alectis indicus (2,3) Decapterus sp . (1,2,3) Pricea multae Chauhan, 1945 (M) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Location: gills Records: 1. Lebedev 1970 (GTO); 2. Lebedev et Hosts: Scombridae al. 1970 (GTO); 3. Parukhin 1976 (SCS) Scomberomorus commerson S. guttatus Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin trachuri Perona and Perugia, 1890 (M) Record: Lebedev 1970 Location: gills Hosts: Caranx malabaricus (1,2,3) Caranx sp. (1,2,3) FAMILY PROTOMICROCOTYLIDAE Decapterus sp. (1,2,3) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: 1. Lebedev 1970 (GTO); 2. Lebedev et Bilaterocotyloides carangis (M) al. 1970 (GTO); 3. Parukhin 1976 (SCS) Ramalingam, 1961 Location: gills Hosts: Carangidae (1,2) Pseudaxine sp. (M) Megalaspis cordyla (1,2,3) Location: gills Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Hosts: Alectis indicus (1) Records: 1. Lebedev 1970 (GTO); 2. Lebedev et Caranx sp. (1,2) al. 1970 (GTO); 3. Parukhin 1976 (SCS) Decapterus muroadsi (1) Decapterus sp. (1,2) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin; South China Sea SUBORDER DISCOCOTYLINEA Records: 1. Lebedev et al. 1970 (GTO); 2. Parukhin 1976 (SCS) FAMILY DIPLOZOIDAE

Pseudaxinoides vietnamensis (M) Diplozoon sp. (F) Lebedev, Parukhin and Roytman, 1970 Location: [gills] Location: gills Host: fish Hosts: Caranx sp . (1,2,3) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Decapterus sp. (1,2,3) Record: Te 1993b Selar crumenophthalmus (1,2,3) Selaroides leptolepis (1,2,3) Seriola dumerili (1,2,3) Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Goto, 1891) (F) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Khotenovsky, 1985 Records: 1. Lebedev 1970 (GTO); 2. Lebedev et Location: gills al. 1970 (GTO); 3. Parukhin 1976 (SCS) Hosts: Barbonymus altus (2) ? Carassius gibelio (1) Cyprinus rubrofuscus (1) FAMILY GOTOCOTYLIDAE Leptobarbus hoevenii (2) fish (3,4) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Gotocotyla laticauda Lebedev, 1970 (M) Records: 1. Khotenovsky 1985 (-); 2. Te et al. Location: gills 1991; 3. Te 1998a; 4. Te and Yen 1999 Host: Scomberomorus commerson Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin

51

Paradiplozoon doi (Ky, 1971) (F) Osphyobothrus multivitellatus Mamaev and (M) Khotenovsky, 1985 Parukhin, 1970 Syn.: Diplozoon doi Ky, 1971 Location: gills Sindiplozoon doi (Ky, 1971) Host: Saurida gracilis Location: gills Dist.: Gulf of Thailand Hosts: Carassius auratus auratus (1) Record: Mamaev and Parukhin 1970 ? C. gibelio (3) Cirrhinus molitorella (1,3) Cultrichthys erythropterus (3) FAMILY HETERAXINIDAE Cyprinus carpio (2) Elopichthys bambusa (3) Hemiculter leucisculus (3) Heteraxine heterocerca (Goto, 1894) (M) Hypophthalmichthys harmandi (1,3) Sproston, 1946 H. molitrix (3) Location: gills, pharyngeal cavity Squaliobarbus curriculus (1,3) Host: Selar crumenophthalmus Squaliobarbus sp. (3) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Dist.: Bac Ninh, Ha Bac, Ha Noi, Hai Phong, Red Records: Lebedev 1968a (SCS), 1970 (GTO) River Delta Records: 1. Ky 1971a (HB,HN,HP); 2. Te 1984 (BN,RRD); 3. Khotenovsky 1985 (-) Monaxine formionis Unnithan, 1957 (M) Location: gills Host: Parastromateus niger Paradiplozoon vietnamicum (F) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Khotenovsky, 1982 Record: Mamaev 1970 64 Location: gills Host: Cirrhinus molitorella Dist.: Ha Noi, Hai Phong 63 Tonkinaxine homocerca Lebedev, (M) Records: Khotenovsky 1982, 1985 Parukhin and Roytman, 1970 Location: gills Hosts: Seriola dumerili (1,2,3) SUBORDER MICROCOTYLINEA Seriola sp . (1,2,3) Seriolina nigrofasciata (1,2) FAMILY AXINIDAE Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: 1. Lebedev 1970 (GTO); 2. Lebedev et al. 1970 (GTO) 65 ; 3. Parukhin 1976 (SCS) Allopseudaxine macrova (Unnithan, 1957) (M) Yamaguti, 1963 Location: gills FAMILY HETEROMICROCOTYLIDAE Host: Caranx sp. Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: Lebedev 1968a (SCS), 1968b (SCS); Heteromicrocotyla carangis Yamaguti, 1953 (M) Lebedev et al. 1970 (GTO); Parukhin 1976 Location: gills (GTO) Hosts: Carangidae (3,4) Caranx malabaricus (1,2,3,4) Seriola sp. (3,4) FAMILY DICLIDOPHORIDAE Seriolina nigrofasciata (4) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: 1. Lebedev 1968a (SCS), 2. 1970 (GTO); Osphyobothrus bychowskyi Khoche and (M) 3. Lebedev et al. 1970 (GTO); 4. Parukhin 1976 Chauhan, 1969 (SCS) Location: gills Host: Saurida tumbil Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: Mamaev and Parukhin 1970 (GTO); 64 Tentative parasite identification (as " Monaxine Parukhin 1976 (SCS) formionis (?) Unnithan, 1957". 65 The listing of this monogenean from Caranx malabaricus in the host-parasite list of Lebedev, 63 The locality, given as “Kenan” by Khotenovsky (1982, Parukhin and Roytman (1970) is considered a 1985), is considered to be a spelling variant of Kien An. compilation error.

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Heteromicrocotyla polyorchis Unnithan, 1961 (M) Record: Mamaev 1970 Location: gills Host: Carangidae Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Intracotyle orientale Mamaev, 1970 (M) Records: Lebedev 1970 (GTO); Lebedev et al. Location: gills 1970 (GTO); Parukhin 1976 (SCS) Host: Pomadasys hasta Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Mamaev 1970 Heteromicrocotyla vaginispina (M) Unnithan, 1961 66 Location: gills Kannaphalllus virilis Unnithan, 1957 (M) Host: Caranx malabaricus Location: gills Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Hosts: Alectis indicus (1,2,3) Records: Lebedev 1970 (GTO); Lebedev et al. Caranx malabaricus (1,2,3) 1970 (GTO); Parukhin 1976 (SCS) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: 1. Lebedev 1970 (GTO); 2. Lebedev et al. 1970 (GTO); 3. Parukhin 1976 (SCS) Heteromicrocotyla sp. (M) Location: gills Hosts: Carangidae (2) Lethrinaxine parva Mamaev, 1970 (M) Caranx malabaricus (1,2,3) Location: gills Decapterus sp. (1,2,3) Host: Gymnocranius griseus Selaroides leptolepis (1,2,3) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Record: Mamaev 1970 Records: 1. Lebedev 1970 (GTO); 2. Lebedev et al. 1970 (GTO); 3. Parukhin 1976 (SCS) Lutianicola haifonensis Lebedev, 1970 (M) Location: gills FAMILY MICROCOTYLIDAE Hosts: Lutjanus russellii L. sebae Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Bicotyle perpolita Lebedev, 1968 (M) Record: Lebedev 1970 Location: gills Hosts: Pampus argenteus (1,2) Parastromateus niger (1,3) Microcotyle hemiatriospinalis (M) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Lebedev, Parukhin and Roytman, 1970 Records: 1. Lebedev 1968c (SCS), 2. 1970 (GTO); Location: gills 3. Mamaev 1970 (GTO) Host: Seriola sp. Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: Lebedev 1970 (GTO); Lebedev et al. Caballeraxine chainanica (Lebedev, (M) 1970 (GTO); Parukhin 1976 (SCS) Parukhin and Roytman, 1970) Lebedev, 1972 Syn.: Axinella chainanica Lebedev, Parukhin and Roytman, 1970 Microcotyle sp. (M) Location: gills Location: gills Host: Caranx malabaricus Host: Caranx malabaricus Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: Lebedev 1970; Lebedev et al. 1970; Records: Lebedev 1968a (SCS), 1970 (GTO); Parukhin 1976 Lebedev et al. 1970 (GTO)

Incisaxine dubia Mamaev, 1970 (M) Unidentified Monogenoidea Location: gills Host: Gerres sp . Monogenoidea gen. sp. (F,M) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Includes: monogeneans auctorum Location: gills, skin Hosts: Abalistes stellaris (1) 66 The specific name misspelled “ vaginaespina ” by Barbonymus altus (4,5) Lededev et al. (1970) and Parukhin (1976).

53

B. gonionotus (2,4,5) P. hypophthalmus (1) Channa micropeltes (5) fish (2,3) Clarias gariepinus x C. macrocephalus Dist.: Mekong River Delta (4) Records: 1. Te et al. 1991; 2. Te 1998a; 3. Te and Clarias sp . (2) Yen 1999 Leptobarbus hoevenii (5) Remarks: The pathology caused by this cestode in Oxyeleotris marmorata (2,4,5) Clarias batrachus has been described by Ahmed Pangasius bocourti (5) and Sanaullah (1979). P. hypophthalmus (2,5) grouper (3) Dist.: Mekong River Delta, South China Sea Lytocestus sp. 69 (F) Records: 1. Parukhin 1989 (SCS); 2. Te 1998a Location: not given (MRD); 3. Le Van Khoa 1999 (-); 4. Dung et al. Host: fish 1999 (MRD); 5. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Records: Te 1998a; Te and Yen 1999

CLASS CESTODA FAMILY CARYOPHYLLAEIDAE SUBCLASS CESTOIDEA

SUPERORDER EUCESTODA Caryophyllaeus fimbriceps (F) Annenkova-Chlopina, 1919 ORDER CARYOPHYLLIDEA Location: ovary [?] 70 Hosts: Clarias batrachus (1) FAMILY LYTOCESTIDAE fish (2,3) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Records: Te et al . 1991; 2. Te 1998a; 3. Te and Khawia sinensis Hsü, 1935 (F) Yen 1999 Location: intestine Remarks: This cestode is a parasite of cyprinid Host: Cyprinus carpio fishes of the western parts of the former USSR Dist.: Red River Delta and central and eastern Europe (see Dubinina Record: Te 1984 1987). Records from fishes of Viet Nam are thus Remarks: This cestode has been introduced to considered to involve misidentifications. continental Asia and Europe, including the British Isles, with the movement of common carp (see Scholz et al. 2001). Caryophyllaeus sp. (F) Location: not given Host: fish Lytocestus adhaerens Cohn, 1908 67 (F) Dist.: southern Viet Nam Location: intestine Record: Chon 1999 Hosts: Clarias batrachus (1) Remarks: Members of the genus Caryophyllaeus Hemibagrus nemurus (1) appear to be restricted to cyprinid fishes in the fish (2,3) Palearctic Region (see Mackiewicz 1983, 1994). Dist.: Mekong River Delta The report of Chon (1990) is thus considered to Records: 1. Te et al . 1991; 2. Te 1998a; 3. Te and involve a misidentification. Yen 1999

Paracaryophyllaeus gotoi (Motomura, 1927) (F) Lytocestus parvulus Furtado, 1963 68 (F) Dubinina, 1971 Location: intestine Syn .: Paracaryophyllaeus dubininae Hosts: Clarias batrachus (1) Kulakovskaya, 1961 Pangasius conchophilus (1) Location: liver [?] Hosts: Clarias macrocephalus (1)

67 Vietnamese authors have misspelled the generic name name as " Lystocestus " and the specific name as 69 Vietnamese authors have misspelled the generic name “adhaeren ” and " adhaesens ". as " Lystocestus ". 68 Vietnamese authors have misspelled the generic name 70 Probably translocated from the intestine during host as “ Lystocestus ” and the specific name as " paroulus ". necropsy.

54

fish (2,3) Scomberomorus commerson (5) Dist.: Mekong River Delta S. guttatus (5) Records: Te et al. 1991; 2. Te 1998a; 3. Te and Scombridae (5) Yen 1999 Selar crumenophthalmus (3,5) Remarks: The synonymy follows Dubinina (1987). Selaroides leptolepis (5) Paracaryophyllaeus goti has been recently Selaroides sp. (5) redescribed from by Scholz et al . (2001). Seriola dumerili (5) This species appears to be specific to Seriola sp. (5) cobitid fishes, with a distribution including East Seriolina nigrofasciata (5) Asia (Korea, Japan), the former USSR, and Triacanthus biaculeatus (2,4) Eastern Europe (Hungary, Bulgaria) (see Scholz Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea et al . 2001). Its occurrence in Vietnamese fishes Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a (SCS), 2. 1971 (GTO), requires verification. 3. 1976 (SCS), 4. 1989 (GTO); 5. Lebedev 1970 (GTO) 73 ; 6. Mamaev 1970 (GTO)

Unidentified Caryophyllaeidae SUPERFAMILY HETERACANTHOIDEA Caryphyllaeidae gen. sp. (F) Includes: “Caryophyllaeinae gen. sp.” 71 FAMILY EUTETRARHYNCHIDAE Location: intestine Hosts: Clarias batrachus C. macrocephalus Oncomegas wageneri (Linton, 1890) (M) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Dollfus, 1929 plerocercus Record: Te et al. 1991 Location: body cavity Hosts: Acanthocepola limbata Cepola schlegelii ORDER TRYPANORHYNCHA Cepola sp. Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin SUPERFAMILY HOMEACANTHOIDEA Record: Mamaev 1970

FAMILY TENTACULARIIDAE Eutetrarhynchidae gen. sp. plerocercus (M) Location: body cavity Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid 72 (M) Hosts: Chirocentrus dorab Location: body cavity, gonads, intestine, kidney, Ilisha sp. liver, stomach Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Hosts: Alectis indicus (5) Record: Mamaev 1970 Carangidae (1,5) Caranx malabaricus (5) Caranx sp. (5) SUPERFAMILY OTOBOTHRIOIDEA Cepola schlegelii (6) Decapterus muroadsi (5) FAMILY OTOBOTHRIIDAE Decapterus sp. (5) Leiognathidae (6) Leiognathus sp. (6) Otobothrium sp. plerocercus (M) Megalaspis cordyla (5) Location: musculature; rarely body cavity, liver, Mene maculata (6) spleen, wall of stomach and intestine Parastromateus niger (6) Hosts: Abalistes stellaris (2) Platax orbicularis (6) Aluterus monoceros (2) Pomadasys hasta (6) Cepola schlegelii (1) Rastrelliger kanagurta (5) Cepola sp. (1) Scomberoides lysan (5) Drepane punctata (1) Ephippus orbis (1)

71 “Caryophyllaeinae” is an old subfamilial name that no longer has taxonomic standing (Dr J.S. Mackiewicz, per. 73 Lebedev (1970) reported that Nybelinia sp. was found comm.) in all species of carangid fishes studied, as well as 72 Terminology for larval cestodes follows Chervy Scomberomorus commerson , S. leopardus (syn. of S. (2002). guttatus , "pelamida" and Rastrelliger kanagurta .

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Gymnocranius griseus (1) Gymnocranius griseus (8) Leiognathidae (1) Mene maculata (8) Leiognathus equulus (1) Parastromateus niger (8) Leiognathus sp. (1) Pomadasys hasta (8) Parastromateus niger (1) Psettodes erumei (1,3,6) Platax orbicularis (1) Rachycentron canadum (5) Pomadasys hasta (1) Selaroides leptolepis (1) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin fish (4) Records: 1. Mamaev 1970; 2. Parukhin 1989 Dist.: Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: 1. Parukhin 1964a (GTO), 2. 1966a FAMILY PTEROBOTHRIIDAE (SCS), 3. 1967a (GTO), 4. 1967b (SCS), 5. 1971 (GTO), 6. 1989 (GTH,GTO), 7. Parukhin and Chikunova 1964 (GTH,GTO); 8. Mamaev 1970 Pterobothrium platycephalum (M) (GTO) (Shipley and Hornell, 1906) Dollfus, 1942 species inquirenda plerocercus Location: body cavity ORDER TETRAPHYLLIDEA Hosts: Mene maculata Parastromateus niger Platax orbicularis Unidentified Tetraphyllidea Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Mamaev 1970 Tetraphyllidea gen. sp. plerocercoid (M) Remarks: Campbell and Beveridge (1996) listed Includes: Scolex pleuronectis O.F. Müller, 1788 this taxon among those species of Pterobothrium Scolex sp. plerocercoid auctorum being insufficiently known. As there is no Location: body cavity, gall bladder, intestine, adequate discription of P. platycephalum , we stomach consider it to be a species inquirenda. Hosts: Abalistes stellaris (1,5) Acanthocepola limbata (7) Carangidae (2,6) FAMILY GRILLOTIIDAE Caranx malabaricus (6) Caranx sp. (4,6) Decapterus muroadsi (6) Grillotia sp. plerocercus (M) Decapterus sp. (6) Location: body cavity Drepane punctata (7) Hosts: Drepane punctata Echeneis naucrates (3) Platax orbicularis Mene maculata (7) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Parastromateus niger (7) Record: Mamaev 1970 Selar crumenophthalmus (6) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: 1. Parukhin and Chikunova 1964 (GTO); Unidentified Trypanorhyncha 2. Parukhin 1966a (SCS), 3. 1967b (SCS), 4. 1976 (SCS), 5. 1989 (GTO); 6. Lebedev 1970 Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. plerocercus (M) (GTO); 7. Mamaev 1970 (GTO) Includes: Tetrarhynchidea gen. sp. Location: body cavity, gills, intestine, muscles Hosts: Abalistes stellaris (6,7) ORDER PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA Acanthocepola limbata (8) Alepes melanoptera (1) FAMILY BOTHRIOCEPHALIDAE Aluterus monoceros (6) Atule mate (1) Carangidae (2) Bothriocephalus manubriformis Linton, 1899 (M) Caranx malabaricus (1) Location: intestine Caranx sp. (1) Host: Makaira sp. Cepola schlegelii (8) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Decapterus sp. (1) Record: Lebedev 1970 Echeneis naucrates (4) Ephippus orbis (8)

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Senga malayana Fernando and Furtado, 1964 (F) FAMILY DIPHYLLOBOTHRIIDAE Syn.: Polyonchobothrium malayana (Fernando and Furtado 1964) 74 Location: [intestine] sp. plerocercoid (F,M) Host: fish Syn.: Dibothriocephalus sp. Dist.: Mekong River Delta Location: intestine, muscles Record: Te 1993b Hosts: Alepes melanoptera (1,2) Atule mate (1,2) Cyprinus carpio (3) Senga ophicephaliana (Tseng, 1933) (F) Dist.: Ho Chi Minh, South China Sea Dollfus, 1934 Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a (SCS), 2. 1976 (SCS); Syn.: Polyonchobothrium ophicephalianum 3. Chon 1999 (HCM) (Tseng, 1933) 75 Location: intestine, liver Hosts: Anabas testudineus (1) ORDER PROTEOCEPHALIDEA Channa striata (1) fish (2,3,4) FAMILY PROTEOCEPHALIDAE Dist.: Mekong River Delta, southern Viet Nam Records: 1. Te et al . 1991 (MRD); 2. Te 1998a (MRD); 3. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD); 4. Chon Paraproteocephalus parasiluri (F) 1999 (SV) (Yamaguti, 1934) Shimazu, 1993 Syn.: Proteocephalus parasiluri Yamaguti, 1934 Location: intestine, liver Senga parva Fernando and Furtado, 1964 (F) Hosts: Clarias macrocephalus Syn.: Polyonchobothrium parva (Fernando Wallago attu and Furtado, 1964) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Location: intestine, liver Record: Te et al . 1991 Hosts: Channa micropeltes (1) Remarks: Adults of this species are parasitic in the Clarias batrachus (1) intestine of the Amur catfish ( Parasilurus asotus ) Hemibagrus nemurus (1) in Japan (see Yamaguti 1934; Shimazu 1990, fish (2,3,4) 1993). Its presence in Southeast Asia requires Dist.: Mekong River Delta confirmation. Records: 1. Te et al. 1991; 2. Te 1993b, 3. 1998a; 4. Te and Yen 1999 Proteocephalus gobiorum (F) Dogiel and Bykhovsky, 1939 Senga sp . (F) Location: intestine Syn.: Polyonchobothrium sp. Hosts: giuris Location: intestine, liver Oxyeleotris marmorata Hosts: Monopterus albus (1,4) O. urophthalmus Channa micropeltes (1,2,3,5) Dist.: Mekong River Delta C. striata (1) Record: Te et al . 1991 Labeo chryophekadion (6) Remarks: Scholz and considered this cestode to be a fish (2,3,5) specific parasite of gobiid fishes from brackish Dist.: Ho Chi Minh, Mekong River Delta waters of river of the Baltic, Black, Records: 1. Te 1989 (MRD), 2. 1993b (MRD), 3. Azov and Caspian seas. The occurrence of this 1998a (MRD); 4. Te et al. 1991 (MRD); 5. Te species in eleotrid and gobiid fish of Viet Nam and Yen 1999 (MRD); 6. Chon 1999 (HCM) 76 requires verification.

Proteocephalus macrocephalus (Creplin, 1825) (F) 74 The specific name was misspelled “ malaysana ” by Te Nufer, 1905 (1993b). Location: [intestine] 75 The specific name has been spelled “ ophiocephalina ” Host: fish and ophicephalina ” by Vietnamese authors. Dist.: Mekong River Delta 76 The record of Polyonchobothrium from Labeo Records: Te 1998a; Te and Yen 1999 chryophekadion by Chon (1999) (given only in Table 4 Remarks: Scholz and Hanzelová (1998) noted that under the Vietnamese common name "cá ét moi") may this species is specific to eels ( Anguilla spp.) and involve P. ophicephaliana .

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that its distribution includes Europe, Russia, Hosts: Abalistes stellaris (2) North America and North . Reports from Alectis indicus (1) Viet Nam require verification. Alepes melanoptera (1) Atropus atropos (1) A. oreolatus (1) Proteocephalus osculatus (Goeze, 1782) (F) Atule mate (1) Nybelin, 1942 Carangidae (1) Location: intestine, [body?] cavity, liver Carangoides chrysophrys (1) Hosts: Pangasius bocourti Caranx malabaricus (1) P. conchophilus Caranx sp. (1) P. hypophthalmus Decapterus sp. (1) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Echeneis naucrates (1) Record: Te et al . 1991 Gnathanodon speciosus (1) Remarks: Scholz and Hanzelová (1998) noted that Megalaspis cordyla (1) this cestode is primarily (perhaps exclusively) a Psettodes erumei (1) parasite of the wels catfish ( Silurus glanis ) and Rachycentron canadum (1) that its distribution is restricted to central, eastern Selar crumenophthalmus (1) and western Europe. Reports from Viet Nam are Selaroides leptolepis (1) considered probable misidentifications. Seriola dumerili (1) Seriolina nigrofasciata (1) fish (3) Proteocephalus sagittus (Grimm, 1872) (F) Dist.: Mekong River Delta, Gulf of Tonkin La Rue, 1911 Records: 1. Parukhin 1964a (GTO); 2. Parukhin Location: body cavity, liver and Chikunova 1964 (GTO); 3. Te 1993b (MRD) Hosts: Channa micropeltes C. striata Dist.: Mekong River Delta PHYLUM NEMATODA Record: Te et al . 1991 Remarks: Although Scholz and Hanzelová (1998) CLASS ADENOPHOREA considered Proteocephalus sagittus a synonym of P. torulosus (Batsch, 1786), more recently, ORDER ENOPLIDA Scholz et al. (2003) have considered it a valid species. SUPERFAMILY TRICHINELLOIDEA Proteocephalus sagittus is a parasite of cobitid fishes () with a distribution FAMILY CAPILLARIIDAE that is primarily European, but includes parts of Russian Asia. The above record involves an apparent misidentification. Capillaria ariusi (Parukhin, 1989) n. comb. (M) Syn.: Thominx ariusi Parukhin, 1989 Location: intestine Proteocephalus sp . (F) Host: Arius sp . Location: intestine, liver Dist.: Gulf of Thailand Hosts: Channa micropeltes (1) Record: Parukhin 1989 Clarias macrocephalus (1) Remarks: As the genus Thominx is no longer valid Leptobarbus hoevenii (4) (see Moravec 1998), this species is provisionally Pangasius pangasius (1) assigned to the genus Capillaria. Trichogaster pectoralis (4) fish (2,3,5) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Capillaria (sensu latu) sp. (F,M) Records: 1. Te 1989, 2. 1993b, 3. 1998a; 4. Te et Location: intestine al . 1991; 5. Te and Yen 1999 Hosts: Gerres filamentosus (1) fish (2,3) Dist.: Mekong River Delta, Gulf of Tonkin, South Unidentified Cestoda China Sea Records: 1. Mamaev 1970 (GTO); 2. Parukhin Cestoda gen. sp. larva and/or adult (F,M) 1975 (SCS); 3. Te 1993b (MRD) Includes: Cestoidea, cestodes auctorum Remarks: As a large number of genera belonging to Location: not given the Capillariidae are now recognized to infect

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fishes (see Moravec 2001), the generic Chaetodontidae (11) assignment of nematodes reported as Chirocentrus dorab (11) "Capillaria " from fishes of Viet Nam must be re- Decapterus muroadsi (7,10) examined. Decapterus sp. (1,2,7,10) Drepane longimana (11) D. punctata (11) Pseudocapillaria ( Pseudocapillaria ) echenei (M) Dussumieria elopsoides (11) (Parukhin, 1967) Moravec 1982 Echeneis naucrates (1,4) Syn.: Capillaria echenei Parukhin, 1967 Ephippus orbis (11) Location: intestine Gerres filamentosus (11) Host: Echeneis naucrates Gerres sp. (11) Dist.: South China Sea Gymnocranius griseus (11) Records: Parukhin 1967b, 1975, 1976 Ilisha sp. (11) Remarks: Moravec (2001) noted that the original Leiognathidae (11) description of this species is inadequate and that Leiognathus equulus (11) its redescription is thus desirable. Leiognathus sp. (11) Lutjanus russellii (10) L. sebae (10) CLASS SECERNENTEA Makaira sp. (10) Megalaspis cordyla (1,2,10) ORDER OXYURIDA Mene maculata (11) Pampus argenteus (10) SUPERFAMILY OXYUROIDEA Parastromateus niger (11) Platax orbicularis (11) FAMILY PHARYNGODONIDAE Pomadasys hasta (11) Psettodes erumei (1,3) Rachycentron canadum (5) Hakynema vietnamensis (F) Rastrelliger kanagurta (10) Moravec and Sey, 1988 Sardinella sp. (11) Location: intestine Scombridae (10) Host: Spinibarbichthys denticulatus Scomberoides lysan (2,10) Dist.: Ha Noi Scomberomorus commerson (10) Record: Moravec and Sey 1988c S. guttatus (10) Scomberomorus sp. (10) Selar crumenophthalmus (1,2,10) ORDER ASCARIDIDA Selaroides leptolepis (1,2,7,10) Selaroides sp. (10) SUPERFAMILY ASCARIDOIDEA Seriola dumerili (10) Seriola sp. (10) FAMILY ANISAKIDAE Seriolina nigrofasciata (1,2,10) Xiphias sp. (10) fish (4,6,9) sp. larva (M) Dist.: Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, South Location: body cavity, gonads, kidneys, liver, China Sea stomach, intestine Records: 1. Parukhin 1964a (GTO), 2. 1966a Hosts: Abalistes stellaris (8,9) (SCS) 77 , 3. 1967a (GTO), 4. 1967b (SCS), 5. Acanthocepola limbata (11) 1971 (GTO), 6. 1975 (SCS), 7. 1976 (SCS), 8. Alectis indicus (1,2,10) 1989 (GTH,GTO); 9. Parukhin and Chikunova Alepes melanoptera (7) 1964 (GTH,GTO); 10. Lebedev 1970 (GTO) 78 ; Atropus atropos (1,2) A. oreolatus (1) Atule mate (1,2) 77 Parukhin (1966a) noted that Anisakis was found in all Carangidae (1,2,10) species of carangids examined, with the exception of Carangoides chrysophrys (1) Caranx speciosus (syn. of Gnathanodon speciosus ), Caranx malabaricus (1,2,10) Selar malam (syn. of Alepes melanoptera ) and Seriola Caranx sp. (1,2,7,10) dumerili . Cepola schlegelii (11) 78 Lebedev (1970) reported that larval Anisakis sp. were Cepola sp. (11) found in all host species examined except Lutjanus lineolatus (syn. of L. lutjanus ).

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11. Mamaev 1970 (GTO) 79 Psettodes erumei (1,3) Rastrelliger kanagurta (11) Sardinella sp. (12) Contracaecum rudolphii (F) Scombridae (11) Hartwich, 1964 [larva] ` Scomberoides lysan (11) Syn.: Contracaecum spiculigerum Scomberomorus commerson (11) (Rudolphi, 1819) auctorum S. guttatus (11) Location: [body?] cavity, intestine, liver Scomberomorus sp. (11) Hosts: Anabas testudineus Selar crumenophthalmus (1,11) Channa micropeltes Selar sp. (1) C. striata Selaroides leptolepis (1,7,11) Clarias macrocephalus Selaroides sp. (11) Hemibagrus nemurus Seriola dumerili (1,7,11) Ompok bimaculatus Seriola sp. (11) Oxyeleotris marmorata Seriolina nigrofasciata (1,11) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Triacanthus biaculeatus (5,8) Record: Te et al . 1991 Xiphias sp. (11) Remarks: The synonymy follows Hartwich (1964). fish (6,7,9,12) This is a cosmopolitan species, adults of Dist.: Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, South which occur in fish-eating birds (cormorants and China Sea pelicans (Moravec 1998, Anderson 2000). The Records: 1. Parukhin 1964a (GTO), 2. 1966a life cycle involves as necessary (SCS). 3. 1967a (GTO), 4. 1967b (SCS), 5. 1971 precursor hosts, with third-stage larvae occurring (GTO), 6. 1975 (SCS), 7. 1976 (SCS), 8. 1989 in fish (Anderson 2000). (GTH,GTO); 9. Parukhin and Chikunova 1964 Moravec (1998) noted that since separation (GTH,GTO); 10. Lebedev 1968a (SCS), 11. of species is based on adult morphology, it is 1970 (GTO) 80 ; 12. Mamaev 1970 (GTO) 81 generally impossible to assign larval Remarks: Members of the genus Contracaecum Contracaceum to species with certainty without occur as adults in the digestive tract of fish-eating carrying out feeding experiments. Thus the birds and marine mammals, while fish may serve occurrence of this nematode in Vietnamese as either intermediate or paratenic hosts (see freshwater fishes requires substantiation. Moravec 1998).

Contracaecum sp. larva (M) Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) (M) Location: body cavity, kidney, liver, outer wall Deardorff and Overstreet, 1981 of stomach, intestine, stomach Syn.: Contracaecum aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) Hosts: Abalistes stellaris (8,9) Location: not given 82 Alectis indicus (1,11) Host: fish Alepes melanoptera (1,7) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Aluterus monoceros (8) Records: Te 1998a; Te and Yen 1999 Atropus atropos (1) Remarks: As this nematode is a northern marine Atule mate (1) species, the above records are considered to Carangidae (1,2,11) involve misidentifications. Caranx malabaricus (1,10,11) The life cycle of Hysterothylacium Caranx sp. (11) aduncum has been summarized by Køie (1993). Decapterus muroadsi (7,11) Decapterus sp. (1,7,11) Echeneis naucrates (1,4) Hysterothylacium chorinemi (Parukhin, 1966) (M) Lutjanus lutjanus (11)

L. sebae (11) 80 Lebedev (1970) reported that larval Contracaecum sp. Makaira sp. (11) were found in all host species examined except Lutjanus Megalaspis cordyla (1,11) russellii . Mene maculata (12) 81 Mamaev (1970) reported that larval Contracaecum sp. Pampus argenteus (11) were found in almost all host species examined, however, aside from Sardinella sp. and Mene maculata , he did not indicate which species were infected. 79 Mamaev (1970) reported that larval Anisakis sp. were 82 Adults of this species are found in the host’s stomach found in all host species examined except Chaetodon sp., and intestine, while larvae occur in the body cavity, Plectorhinchus sp. and P. cinctus . viscera and musculature.

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Bruce and Cannon, 1989 Raphidascaris sp. larva (M) Syn.: Contracaecum chorinemi Parukhin, 1966 Location: not given Location: intestine Host: Echeneis naucrates Hosts: Atule mate (1,3) Dist.: South China Sea Scomberoides lysan (1,2,3) Record: Parukhin 1967b Dist.: South China Sea Records: 1. Parukhin 1966a, 2. 1975, 3. 1976 FAMILY ASCARIDIDAE

Hysterothylacium fluviatile Moravec and (F) Sey, 1988 larva Porrocaecum sp. larva (M) Location: intestine Location: body cavity, intestine Hosts: Arius arius Hosts: Abalistes stellaris (7,8) Pangasius pangasius Alectis indicus (1,2,9) Dist.: Ha Noi Alepes melanoptera (1,2,6) Record: Moravec and Sey 1988c Atropus atropos (1,2) Remarks: Bruce, Adlard and Cannon (1994) listed Atule mate (1,2) this species among those taxa decribed from Carangidae (1,2,9) larval forms, and which they considered nomina Carangoides chrysophrys (1) dubia. They further noted that the generic status Caranx malabaricus (1,2,9) of H. fluviatile is questionable. Caranx sp. (1,2,6,9) Chirocentrus dorab (10) Decapterus muroadsi (6,9) Hysterothylacium incurvum (Rudolphi, 1819) (M) Decapterus sp. (1,2,6,9) Deardorff and Overstreet, 1981 Dussumieria elopsoides (10) Syn.: Contracaecum incurvum (Rudolphi, 1819) Echeneis naucrates (1,4) Location: intestine Gnathanodon speciosus (1,2) Host: Xiphias sp. Ilisha sp. (10) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Lutjanus lutjanus (9) Record: Lebedev 1970 L. russellii (9) Remarks: This species was redescribed by L. sebae (9) Deardorff and Overstreet (1981), who noted that Megalaspis cordyla (1,2,9) it probably occurs throughout the range of Pampus argenteus (9) swordfishes. Psettodes erumei (1,3) Rastrelliger kanagurta (9) Sardinella sp. (10) Hysterothylacium saba (Yamaguti, 1941) (M) Scombridae (9) Deardorff and Overstreet, 1980 Scomberoides lysan (2,9) Syn.: Contracaecum saba Yamaguti, 1941 Scomberomorus commerson (9) Location: intestine S. guttatus (9) Host: Scombridae Scomberomorus sp. (9) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Selar crumenophthalmus (1,2,9) Record: Lebedev 1970 Selaroides leptolepis (1,2,6,9) Selaroides sp. (9) Seriola dumerili (1,2,6,9) Iheringascaris inquies (Linton, 1901) (M) Seriola sp. (9) Deardorff and Overstreet, 1981 Seriolina nigrofasciata (1,2,9) Syn.: Contracaecum megacephalum Triacanthus biaculeatus (5,7) Oshmarin, 1963 Dist.: Gulf of Thailand; Gulf of Tonkin; South Location: intestine China Sea Host: Rachycentron canadum Records: 1. Parukhin 1964a (GTO), 2. 1966a Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea (SCS) 83 , 3. 1967a (GTO), 4. 1967b (SCS), 5. Records: Oshmarin 1963 (GTO); Parukhin 1971 1971 (GTO), 6. 1976 (SCS), 7. 1989 (GTO), 1975 (SCS), 1976 (SCS) (GTH,GTO); 8. Parukhin and Chikunova 1964 Remarks: Contracaecum megacephalum was considered a probable synonym of I. inquies by Bruce, Adlard and Cannon (1994). 83 Parukhin (1966a) reported finding larval Porrocaecum sp. in all species of carangid fishes studied.

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(GTH,GTO); 9. Lebedev 1970 (GTO) 84 ; 10. Campanarougetia campanarougetae (F) Mamaev 1970 (GTO) Le-Van-Hoa and Pham-Ngoc-Khue, 1967 Remarks: Adults of members of this genus are Location: intestine intestinal parasites of birds, while larvae of some Host: Anguilla marmorata species occur in fishes (see Moravec 1998). Dist.: Ho Chi Minh 86 Record: Le-Van-Hoa and Pham-Ngoc-Khue 1967b

SUPERFAMILY COSMOCERCOIDEA Chitwoodia chitwoodae Le-Van-Hoa (F) FAMILY KATHLANIIDAE and Pham-Ngoc-Khue, 1971 87 Syn.: Oceanicucullanus chitwoodae (Le-Van- Hoa and Pham-Ngoc-Khue, 1971) Falcaustra babei (Ky, 1971) n. comb. (F) Location: intestine Syn.: Spironoura babei Ky, 1971 Hosts: Barbonymus balleroides (1,2) Location: intestine Spinibarbichthys denticulatus (3) Host: Spinibarbichthys denticulatus Dist.: Ho Chi Minh 88 Dist.: Bac Kan, Ha Noi, Lao Cai Records: 1. Le-Van-Hoa and Pham-Ngoc-Khue Records: Ky 1971b (BK,LC); Sey and Moravec 1970 (-), 2. 1971; 3. Le-Van-Hoa 1973 (-) and 1986 (HN) 85 ; Moravec and Sey 1988c (HN) Remarks: Sey and Moravec (1986) reported an apparent case of hyperparasitism, the third-stage Cucullanus chabaudi Le-Van-Hoa and (F) larva of this nematode being found in the caeca of Pham-Ngoc-Khue, 1967 larva and adult the amphistome Amurotrema dombrowskajae Location: bile duct, gall bladder, liver, Akhmerov, 1959. swimbladder Host: Pangasius pangasius Dist.: Viet Nam Falcaustra kaverii (Karve and Niak, 1951) (F) Record: Le-Van-Hoa and Pham-Ngoc-Khue 1967a Soota, 1983 Remarks: Le-Van-Hoa and Pham-Ngoc-Khue Syn.: Spironoura kaverii Karve and Naik, 1951 (1967a) reported a monoxenous life cycle for Location: intestine this species. When isolated from females Host: Poropuntius krempfi were placed in water, they became embryonated Dist.: Ha Noi in about 48 hours. The first molt occurred within Record: Moravec and Sey 1988c the by day 4 and young second stage larvae left the egg during day 5-6. Growth continues in the swimbladder of the fish host, which is the Spectatus sp. (F) preferred site, for three to four weeks. Location: intestine Examination of naturally infected hosts showed Hosts: Pangasius bocourti larvae in the process of molting to the third larval P. conchophilus stage occurring in the liver. Large numbers of P. hypophthalmus third and fourth-stage larvae were found in the P. larnaudii gall bladder and common bile duct where they Dist.: Mekong River Delta develop into young males and females. Record: Te et al . 1991

Cucullanus cyprini Yamaguti, 1941 (F) SUPERFAMILY SEURATOIDEA Location: intestine Hosts: Barbonymus altus (4) FAMILY CUCULLANIDAE Cyprinus carpio (1,2) Glossogobius giuris (4)

84 Lebedev (1970) reported that larval Porrocaecum sp. were found in all host species examined except Makaira 86 sp . and Xiphias sp . Specimens were collected from fish obtained at the 85 Specimens reported by Sey and Moravec (1986) were markets of Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City). 87 noted to be from fish in the collection of Hanoi University. In the abstract of Le-Van-Hoa and Pham-Ngoc-Khue However, Moravec and Sey (1989a) later indicated that all (1970), the specific name was originally spelled hosts reported in their papers on parasites from Vietnamese “chitwoodi ”. 88 fishes were from the Red River near Hanoi and deposited Specimens were collected from fish obtained at the in the collections of the Department of Vertebrate , Saigon market (Ho Chi Minh City). Hanoi University.

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Pangasius bocourti (4) considered a misidentification. fish (3,5,6) Dist.: Bac Kan, Mekong River Delta, Red River Delta, southern Viet Nam Dichelyne ( Cucullanellus ) sp. (F) Records: 1. Ky 1971b (BK); 2. Te 1984 (RRD), 3. Syn.: Cucullanellus sp. 1998a (MRD); 4. Te et al. 1991 (MRD); 5. Te Location: not given and Yen 1999 (MRD); 6. Chon 1999 (SV) Host: fish Dist.: Mekong River Delta Record: Te 1993b Cucullanus decapteri Parukhin, 1966 (M) Location: intestine Host: Decapterus sp . FAMILY QUIMPERIIDAE Dist.: South China Sea Records: Parukhin 1966a, 1975, 1976 Paragendria sp. (F) Location: intestine Cucullanus heterochrous Rudolphi, 1802 (M) Host: ? Hemibagrus elongatus Location: [intestine] Dist.: Ha Noi Host: Psettodes erumei Record: Moravec and Sey 1988c Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Parukhin 1967a Remarks: This species is a primarily a parasite of Paraseuratum sp. (F) pleuronectiform fishes of northern (see Location: intestine Gibson 1972). Its occurence in Vietnamese Host: Monopterus albus waters requires confirmation. Dist.: Mekong River Delta The life cycle of Cucullanus heterochrous Record: Te et al . 1991 involves polychaetes belonging to several families as obligate intermediate hosts, with adults occurring only in (Køie 2000). Pingus sinensis Hsü, 1933 89 (F) Location: stomach, intestine Hosts: ? Acanthorhodeus fortunensis (3) Cucullanus sp. (F,M) Channa maculata (1,3) Location: intestine Channa sp. (2,3) Hosts: Drepane punctata (1) Leptobarbus hoevenii (4) Gymnocranius griseus (1) Oxyeleotris marmorata (4) fish (2) fish (5,6) Dist.: Mekong River Delta, Gulf of Tonkin Dist.: Bac Kan, Ha Noi, Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Mamaev 1970 (GTO); 2. Te 1993b Records: 1. Ky 1971b (BK,HN); 2. Moravec and (MRD) Sey 1988a (HN) 90 , 3. 1988c (HN); 4. Te et al . 1991 (MRD); 5. Te 1998a (MRD); 6. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) Dichelyne (Cucullanellus ) minutus (M) Remarks: Moravec, Nie and Wang (2003) note that (Rudophi, 1819) Petter, 1974 Pingus sinensis is a specific intestinal parasite of Syn.: Cucullanus minutus Rudolphi, 1819 fishes of the genus Channa . Records from other Cucullanellus minutus (Rudolphi, 1819) hosts may involve accidental infections. Location: bile duct Hosts: Pangasius bocourti (1) P. hypophthalmus (1) Pingus sp. (F) fish (2.3) Location: not given Dist.: Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Te et al . 1991; 2. Te 1998a; 3. Te and 89 Vietnamese authors have misspelled the generic name Yen 1999 as " Pingis ". Remarks: Dichelyne minutus is primarily a parasite 90 Although their specimens were labeled as having been of pleuronectid and gobiid fishes. Its distribution collected “from a silurid fish”, Moravec and Sey (1988a) includes the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, and the noted that the host was probably a member of the family Baltic, Mediterranean, Caspian, Black, Azov and Channidae, and subsequently (Moravec and Sey 1988c) Aral seas (see Køie 2001). The above record indicated that this record likely involved a host from freshwater catfishes of Viet Nam is misidentification, the probable host being Ophicephalus sp. (syn. of Channa sp.)

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Host: fish Camallanus (Camallanus ) carangis Olsen, 1954 (M) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Location: intestine, pyloric caeca Record: Te 1993b Hosts: Caranx sp. (2) Scomberoides lysan (2) Scombridae (1) SUPERFAMILY HETERAKOIDEA Selar crumenophthalmus (2) Seriolina nigrofasciata (2) FAMILY HETERAKIDAE Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: 1. Lebedev 1970 (GTO); 2. Parukhin 1976 (SCS) Meteterakis japonica (Wilkie, 1930) (F) Inglis, 1957 91 Location: intestine Camallanus (Camallanus ) cotti Fujita, 1927 (F) Host: Elopichthys bambusa Location: intestine Dist.: Ha Noi Host: Bagarius bagarius Record: Moravec and Sey 1988c Dist.: Ha Noi Remarks: Moravec and Sey (1988c) noted that Record: Moravec and Sey 1988a members of the genus Meteterakis are parasites Remarks: The life cycle of this nematode has been of and reptiles and that this record reported to involve copepods of the genus probably involves a case of facultative . Cyclops (see Anderson 2000).

ORDER SPIRURIDA Camallanus ( Camallanus ) hampalae (F) Moravec and Scholz, 1991 SUPERFAMILY CAMALLANOIDEA Location: intestine Host: Hampala macrolepidota 92 FAMILY CAMALLANIDAE Dist.: Mekong River Delta Record: Te et al . 1991

Camallanus (Camallanus ) alii Ky, 1971 (F) Location: intestine Camallanus (Camallanus ) truncatus (F) Hosts: Cirrhinus molitorella (1) (Rudolphi, 1814) Törnquist, 1931 fish (2) Location: intestine Dist.: Bac Kan, Lao Cai, Mekong River Delta Host: Cyprinus carpio Records: 1. Ky 1971b (BK,LC); 2. Te and Yen Dist.: Bac Ninh 1999 (MRD) Record: Te 1984 Remarks: Moravec and Sey (1988a) noted that this Remarks: As Camallanus truncatus is a parasite of species was inadequately described. European freshwater fishes, this report from Viet Nam probably involves a misidentification.

Camallanus (Zeylanema ) anabantis (F) Pearse, 1933 Camallanus sp. (M) Syn.: Neocamallanus anabantis Pearse, 1933 Location: not given Location: intestine Hosts: Echeneis naucrates (2) Hosts: Anabas testudineus (1) Psettodes erumei (1) fish (2,3,4) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Dist.: Mekong River Delta, southern Viet Nam Records: 1. Parukhin 1967a (GTO), 2. 1967b (SCS) Records: 1. Te et al . 1991 (MRD); 2. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD); 3. Te 1998a (MRD); 4. Chon 1999 (SV) Neocamallanus maculati Ky, 1971 (F) Location: intestine Hosts: Channa maculata (1) 91 The generic name was misspelled “ Meterakis ” by C. striata (2) Moravec and Sey (1988c). fish (3,4,5) 92 The taxonomy of the camallanids of the South Asian Dist.: Ha Noi, Mekong River Delta Region remains quite confused, and this group is in Records: 1. Ky 1971b (HN); 2. Te 1989 (MRD), 3. urgent need of critical study. For a recent treatment of 1993b (MRD), 4. 1998a (MRD); 5. Te and Yen generic and subgeneric structure of the family 1999 (MRD) Camallanidae, see Moravec (1998).

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Remarks: Moravec and Sey (1988a) noted that due (Spirocamallanus ) fulvidraconis Li, 1935. 94 to the inadequate description of this species, its Moravec, Nie and Wang (2003) subsequently identity with Neocamallanus ophicephali determined that these specimens had been (Pearse, 1933) cannot be excluded. misidentified; and that the record probably involved P. ( S. ) bagarii.

Neocamallanus ophicephali (Pearse, 1933) (F) Moravec and Sey, 1988 Procamallanus (Procamallanus ) clarius (F) Location: intestine Ali, 1957 Hosts: Channa striata (2) Location: stomach, intestine Channa sp. (1) Hosts: Clarias batrachus (2) fish (3) C. fuscus (1) Dist.: Ha Noi, Mekong River Delta C. macrocephalus (2,5) Records: 1. Moravec and Sey 1988a (HN) 93 ; 2. Te fish (3,4,5) et al. 1991 (MRD); 3. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) Dist.: Ha Noi, Mekong River Delta Remarks: The life cycle, which involves a Records: 1. Ky 1971b (HN) ; 2. Te et al. 1991 intermediate host, was studied by Bashirullah and (HN); 3. Te 1993b (MRD), 4. 1998a (MRD); 5. Ahmed (1976a) and by De, Samanta and Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) Majumdar (1984) (as Camallanus adamsi and Neocamallanus singhi , respectively). Procamallanus (Procamallanus ) glossogobii (F) Pearse, 1933 Neocamallanus trichogasterae (F) Location: intestine (Pearse, 1933) n. comb. Hosts: Glossogobius giuris (1) Syn.: Camallanus trichogasterae Pearse, 1933 Ompok bimaculatus (3) Location: intestine fish (2,3) Host: Trichogaster pectoralis Dist.: Mekong River Delta Dist.: Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Te et al. 1991; 2. Te 1998a; 3. Te and Record: Te et al. 1991 Yen 1999 Remarks: Petter (1979) noted that this species is insufficently described. Neocamallanus sp. (F) Location: not given Host: fish Procamallanus (Procamallanus ) malaccensis (F) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Fernando and Furtado, 1963 Record: Te 1993b Location: stomach, intestine Hosts: Channa lucius (1) fish (2) Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus ) bagarii (F) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Karve and Naik, 1951 Records: 1. Te et al. 1991; 2. Te and Yen 1999 Syn.: ? Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus ) fulvidraconis of Moravec and Sey, 1988 Location: intestine Procamallanus (Procamallanus ) petterae (F) Hosts: Bagarius bagarius Moravec and Sey, 1988 ? Cranoglanis bouderius Location: intestine ?Hemibagrus elongatus Host: Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Dist.: Ha Noi Dist.: Ha Noi Record: Moravec and Sey 1988a Record: Moravec and Sey 1988a Remarks: Moravec and Sey (1988a), based on only female specimens, provisionally identified nematodes from Cranoglanis bouderius and Procamallanus sp. (F) Hemibagrus elongatus as Procamallanus Location: intestine, stomach Hosts: Hemibagrus nemurus (1) 93 Although their specimens were labeled as having been Notopterus notopterus (1) collected “from a silurid fish”, Moravec and Sey (1988a) noted that the host was probably a member of the family Channidae, and subsequently (Moravec and Sey 1988c), 94 The hosts involved may have actually been under Pingus sinensis , indicated that the probable host Cranoglanis henrici and Hemibagrus guttatus (see was Ophicephalus sp. (syn. of Channa sp.). comments in the Host-Parasite List).

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Ompok bimaculatus (1) fish (13,14,15,16) Oxyeleotris marmorata (1,3) Dist.: An Giang, Ho Chi Minh, Mekong River Pangasius conchophilus (1) Delta, Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, South fish (2,4) China Sea, southern Viet Nam Dist.: Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Parukhin and Chikunova 1964 Records: 1. Te et al. 1991; 2. Te 1993b, 3. 1998a; (GTH,GTO); 2. Parukhin 1966a (SCS), 3. 1967a 4. Te and Yen 1999 (GTO), 4. 1971 (GTO), 5. 1975 (GTH), 6. 1976 (SCS), 7. 1989 (GTH,GTO); 8. Lebedev 1968a (SCS), 9. 1970 (GTO), 10. Mamaev 1970 SUPERFAMILY DRACUNCULOIDEA (GTO); 11. Te 1989 (MRD), 12. 1993a (AG), 13. 1993b (MRD), 14. 1998a (MRD); 15. Te and FAMILY PHILOMETRIDAE Yen 1999 (MRD); 16. Chon 1999 (HCM,SV) Remarks: Parukhin (1989) indicated that Philometra sp. of Parukhin and Chikunova (1964) from Buckleyella buckleyi Rasheed, 1963 (M) Psettodes erumei was referable to P. Location: pylorica caeca lateolabracis Yamaguti, 1935. However, the Host: Scomberoides lysan study of Parukhin and Chikunova (1964) does not Dist.: South China Sea deal with this host species. These authors Records: Parukhin 1966a, 1975, 1976 reported two species of this genus (designated as Philometra sp. I and Philometra sp. II) from Abalistes stellaris . In his host/parasite table for A. Philometra balistii (Rasheed, 1963) (M) stellaris (see Parukhin 1989, Table 7), only Vidal-Martínez, Aguirre-Macedo and Philometra sp. was listed as occurring in this fish. Moravec, 1995 Syn.: Thwaitia balistii Rasheed, 1963 Location: orbit of eye Philometroides atropi (Parukhin, 1966) (M) Host: Abalistes stellaris Moravec and Ergens, 1970 Dist.: Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin Syn.: Pseudophilometroides atropi Records: Parukhin 1975 (GTH), Parukhin 1989 Parukhin, 1966 (GTH,GTO) Location: body cavity Remarks: Parukhin (1975) incorrectly attributed a Host: Atropus atropos report of this species from A. stellaris to Parukhin Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea and Chikunova (1964). Records: Parukhin 1966a (SCS), 1966d (GTO), 1975 (GTO)

Philometra sp. (F,M) Location: body cavity, intestine, orbit of eye, Philometroides sp. (M) ovary Location: body cavity Hosts: Abalistes stellaris (1,5,7) Host: Rachycentron canadum Caranx malabaricus (2,6,8,9) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Caranx sp. (6) Record: Parukhin 1971 Channa striata (13,15) Clarias macrocephalus (11) Clarias sp. (13,14,15) SUPERFAMILY GNATHOSTOMATOIDEA Cyprinus carpio (16) Decapterus sp. (6) FAMILY GNATHOSTOMATIDAE Labeo chryophekadion (16) Leiognathidae (10) Megalaspis cordyla (6) Echinocephalus spinosissimus (M) Pangasius bocourti (14,15) (von Linstow, 1905) Baylis and Lane, 1920 larva P. hypophthalmus (15) Location: inner organs P. larnaudii (13,14,15) Hosts: Abalistes stellaris (3) P. pangasius (11,12,14) Echeneis naucrates (2) Pangasius sp . (13) fish (1) Parastromateus niger (10) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin; South China Sea Psettodes erumei (3) Records: 1. Parukhin 1975 (SCS), 2. 1976 (SCS), Sardinella sp. (10) 3. 1989 (GTO) Triacanthus biaculeatus (4,7) Remarks: Adults of the genus Echinocephalus are

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primarily parasites of marine and freshwater Bulbocephalus petterae Le-Van-Hoa, (M) elasmobranchs, while larvae are found in Pham-Ngoc-Khue and Nguyen-Thi-Lien, 1972 molluscs (see Hoberg et al. 1998). Larvae found Location: intestine in fishes may represent paratenic Host: Polynemus plebeius infections. Dist.: Ho Chi Minh 96 Record: Le-Van-Hoa, Pham-Ngoc-Khue and Nguyen-Thi-Lien 1972 Echinocephalus sp. larva (M) Location: intestine, inner organs Hosts: Echeneis naucrates (1) Protoleptinae gen. sp. larva (F) Ilisha sp. (4) Location: body cavity Triacanthus biaculeatus (2,3) Hosts: Channa maculata Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Clarias fuscus Records: 1. Parukhin 1967b (SCS), 2. 1971 (GTO), terminalis 3. 1989 (GTO); 4. Mamaev 1970 (GTO) fish 97 Dist.: Ha Noi Record: Moravec and Sey 1988b Gnathostoma hispidum Fedchenko, 1872 larva (F) Location: liver, stomach Hosts: Channa maculata (1,2) SUPERFAMILY HABRONEMATOIDEA C. micropeltes (3) fish (4,5) FAMILY CYSTIDICOLIDAE Dist.: Ha Noi, Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Ky 1971b (HN); 2. Moravec and Sey 1988b (HN); 3. Te et al. 1991 (MRD); 4. Te Ascarophis sp. (M) 1998a (MRD); 5. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) Location: intestine Remarks: Moravec and Sey (1988b) noted that the Hosts: Echeneis naucrates (1,2) principal definitive hosts for this species are pigs Gymnocranius griseus (3) and wild boars, while first intermediate hosts are Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea copepods; various fishes, amphibians, reptiles, Records: 1. Parukhin 1967b (SCS), 2. 1976 (SCS); birds and mammals serve as paratenic hosts. 3. Mamaev 1970 (GTO) This species is of zoonotic importance (see Anderson 2000), humans becoming infected through the consumption of raw infected fish. Pseudoproleptus lamyi Le-Van–Hoa and (F) Bui-Thi Lien-Huong, 1969 Location: stomach Gnathostoma sp. [larva] (F) Host: ? Chitala chitala Location: not given Dist.: Ho Chi Minh 98 Host: fish Record: Le-Van–Hoa and Bui-Thi Lien-Huong Dist.: Mekong River Delta 1969 Record: Te 1993b

Spinitectus clariasi Ky, 1971 (F) SUPERFAMILY PHYSALOPTEROIDEA Location: stomach, intestine Hosts: Clarias batrachus (5) FAMILY PHYSALOPTERIDAE C. fuscus (1) C. macrocephalus (2,5) fish (3,4,6) Bulbocephalus deblocki Le-Van-Hoa, (M) Dist.: Ha Noi, Mekong River Delta Pham-Ngoc-Khue and Nguyen-Thi-Lien, 1972 Records: 1. Ky 1971b (HN); 2. Te 1989 (MRD), Location: intestine 3. 1993b (MRD), 4. 1998a (MRD); 5. Te et al. Host: Eleutheronema tetradactylum 1991 (MRD); 6. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) Dist.: Ho Chi Minh 95 Record: Le-Van-Hoa, Pham-Ngoc-Khue and Nguyen-Thi-Lien 1972 96 The hosts were purchased from a Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City) market. 97 The record for this host was given as a "silurid fish". 95 The hosts were purchased from a Saigon (Ho Chi 98 The hosts were purchased from a Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City) market. Minh City) market.

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Spinitectus echenei Parukhin, 1967 (M) SUPERFAMILY THELAZIOIDEA Location: intestine Host: Echeneis naucrates FAMILY RHABDOCHONIDAE Dist.: South China Sea Records: Parukhin 1967b, 1975, 1976 Heptochona dorabi (Mamaev, 1968) (M) Moravec, 1975 Spinitectus notopteri Karve and Naik, 1951 (F) Syn: Pontochona dorabi Mamaev, 1968 Location: stomach Location: intestine Hosts: Notopterus notopterus (1) Host: Chirocentrus dorab fish (2) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Dist.: Mekong River Delta Record: Mamaev 1970 Records: 1. Te et al . 1991; 2. Te and Yen 1999

Rhabdochona ( Rhabdochona ) hakyi (F) Spinitectus ophicephali Ky, 1971 99 (F) Moravec and Sey, 1988 Location: stomach, intestine Location: intestine Hosts: Channa lucius (6) Hosts: Arius sinensis C. maculata (1,2) Bagarius bagarius C. striata (3,6) ? Cranoglanis bouderius Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (2) 100 ?Hemibagrus elongatus fish (4,5,7) Onychostoma lepturus Dist.: Ha Noi, Mekong River Delta ? Rhinogobius giurinus Records: 1. Ky 1971b (HN); 2. Moravec and Sey Dist.: Ha Noi 1988a (HN); 3. Te 1989 (MRD), 4. 1993b Record: Moravec and Sey 1988b (MRD), 5. 1998a (MRD); 6. Te et al. 1991 Remarks: In their host-parasite list summarizing (MRD); 7. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD) all the records contained in their papers dealing Remarks: The validity of this species requires with parasites of Vietnamese fishes, Moravec verification. Moravec and Sey (1988a) suggested and Sey (1989b) listed this species as also that it may be conspecific with Spinitectis gigi occurring in Hemiculter leucisculus ; however, Fujita, 1927 as this host does not appear in their earlier paper (Moravec and Sey 1988b) this host listing is apparently a mistake (Dr F. Moravec, pers. Spinitectus ranae Morishita, 1926 (F) comm.). Location: intestine Host: ? Hemibagrus elongatus Dist.: Ha Noi Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona ) jiangxiensis (F) Record: Moravec and Sey 1988a Wang, Zhao, Wang and Zhang, 1979 Remarks: Spinitectus ranae is typically a parasite Location: intestine of frogs, with larvae having been found in Host: Hemiculter leucisculus freshwater (see Anderson 2000). Dist.: Ha Noi Record: Moravec and Sey 1988b

Spinitectus sp. (F) Location: stomach, intestine Rhabdochona (Globochonoides ) squaliobarbus (F) Hosts: ? Acanthorhodeus fortunensis (1) Moravec and Sey, 1988 Bagarius bagarius (1) Location: intestine Cirrhinus molitorella (1) Host: Squaliobarbus curriculus fish (2,3) Dist.: Ha Noi Dist.: Ha Noi, Mekong River Delta Record: Moravec and Sey 1988b Records: 1. Moravec and Sey 1988a (HN); 2. Te 1993b (MRD), 3. 1998a (MRD) Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona ) vietnamensis (F) Moravec and Sey, 1988 99 Vietnamese authors have often misspelled the specific Location: intestine name as " ophiocephali ". Hosts: ? Cranoglanis bouderius 100 Material from this host consisted of only a single ? Rhinogobius giurinus female specimen and was provisionally assigned to Dist.: Ha Noi Spinitectus ophicephali .

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Record: Moravec and Sey 1988b China Sea Records: 1. Parukhin 1964a (GTO), 2. 1989 (SCS); 3. Te 1993b (MRD); 4. Le Van Khoa 1999 (-)102 Rhabdochona (Globochonoides ) sp . (F) Location: intestine Host: Megalobrama terminalis PHYLUM ACANTHOCEPHALA Dist.: Ha Noi Record: Moravec and Sey 1988b CLASS

ORDER Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona ) sp. (F) Location: intestine FAMILY Hosts: Cirrhinus molitorella Megalobrama terminalis Squaliobarbus curriculus Echinorhynchoides sp. (F) Dist.: Ha Noi Location: not given Record: Moravec and Sey 1988b Host: fish Dist.: Mekong River Delta Records: Te 1993b, 1998a Unidentified Nematoda

Agamospirura sp. larva 101 (F) Neorhadinorhynchus nudus (Harada, 1938) (M) Location: not given Yamaguti, 1939 103 Host: fish Location: intestine Dist.: Mekong River Delta Host: Decapterus sp. Records: Te 1998a; Te and Yen 1999 Dist.: South China Sea Remarks: The genus Agamospirura is a collective Record: Parukhin 1976 genus for spiruroid-like larvae of unknown Remarks: Parukhin (1976, 1989) noted that this generic affiliation (see Moravec 1998). species had also been reported in tunas from the South China Sea, Parukhin (1989) incorrectly citing Mamaev (1970) as containing this report. Nematoda gen. sp. (F,M) The source of this record is unclear. Location: not given Hosts: Alectis indicus (1) Alepes melanoptera (1) FAMILY FESSISENTIDAE Atropus atropos (1) A. oreolatus (1) Atule mate (1) Fessisentis sp. (F) Carangidae (1) Location: not given Carangoides chrysophrys (1) Host: fish Caranx malabaricus (1) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Caranx sp. (1) Record: Te and Yen 1999 Decapterus sp. (1) Echeneis naucrates (1) Gnathanodon speciosus (1) FAMILY Megalaspis cordyla (1) Psettodes erumei (1,2) Rachycentron canadum (1) Brentisentis cyprini (Yin and Wu, 1984) (F) Selar crumenophthalmus (1) Yu and Wu, 1989 Selar sp. (1) Syn.: Rhadinorhynchus cyprini Yin and Wu, 1984 Selaroides leptolepis (1) Location: intestine Seriola dumerili (1) Host: Cyprinus carpio Seriolina nigrofasciata (1) Dist.: Red River Delta fish (3,4) Dist.: Mekong River Delta, Gulf of Tonkin, South 102 The record is taken from Appendix 1 of Le Van Khoa (1999) and is presumed to involve fish. 101 The generic name was misspelled “ Agamospiura ” by 103 The specific name was misspelled “ nudum ” by all authors. Parukhin (1976).

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Record: Te 1984 Dist.: Ha Noi Record: Moravec and Sey 1989a

Paradentitruncus longireceptaculis (F) Moravec and Sey, 1989 Gorgorhynchus medius (Linton, 1908) (M) Location: intestine Chandler, 1934 Host: Arius sinensis Syn.: Gorgorhynchus gibber Chandler, 1934 104 Dist.: Ha Noi Location: body cavity, inner organs Record: Moravec and Sey 1989a Host: Selar crumenophthalmus Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Parukhin 1976 vietnamensis (F) Remarks: Parukhin (1976) noted that this record Moravec and Sey, 1989 involved juvenile specimens. Location: intestine Hosts: Pangasius bocourti (2) Squaliobarbus curriculus (1) Gorgorhynchus sp. (M) Dist.: Ha Noi, Mekong River Delta Location: not given Records: 1. Moravec and Sey 1989a (HN); 2. Te et Host: Abalistes stellaris al. 1991 (MRD) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Parukhin 1989 Remarks: Parukhin (1989) noted that this record Pseudorhadinorhynchus sp. (F) involved juvenile specimens. Location: not given Host: fish Dist.: Mekong River Delta, southern Viet Nam Micracanthorhynchina hemiculterus (F) Records: Te 1998a (MRD); Te and Yen 1999 (Demshin, 1965) Amin and Sey, 1996 (MRD); Chon 1999 (SV) Syn.: Micracanthocephalus hemiculterus Demshin, 1965 Location: intestine Tegorhynchus multacanthus (Mamaev, 1970) (M) Host: Hemiculter leucisculus Amin and Sey, 1996 Dist.: northern Viet Nam 105 Syn.: Illiosentis multacanthus Mamaev, 1970 Record: Demshin 1965 Location: intestine Hosts: Leiognathidae Leiognathus equulus Rhadinorhynchus carangis Yamaguti, 1939 (M) Leiognathus sp . Syn.: Protorhadinorhynchus carangis Pomadasys hasta (Yamaguti, 1939) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Location: intestine Record: Mamaev 1970 Host: Caranx malabaricus Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Records: Lebedev 1968a (SCS), 1970 (GTO); FAMILY Parukhin 1976 (SCS) Remarks: the record given by Parukhin (1976) is based on the unpublished dissertation of B.I. Cathayacanthus bagarii (F) Levedev. Moravec and Sey, 1989 Location: intestine Host: Bagarius bagarius Rhadinorhynchus ditrematus Yamaguti, 1939 (M) Dist.: Ha Noi Syn.: Protorhadinorhynchus ditrematis Record: Moravec and Sey 1989a (Yamaguti, 1939) Location: intestine Host: Decapterus sp. Cleaveius longirostris Moravec and Sey, 1989 (F) Dist.: Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, South Location: intestine China Sea Hosts: Cirrhinus molitorella Culter flavipinnis Glossogobius giuris 104 The specific name was incorrectly given as ? Rhinogobius giurinus “gibberum ” by Parukhin (1976). 105 Noted to be from the Red River.

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Records: Lebedev 1968a (GTH,SCS), 1970 (GTO) FAMILY Remarks: The synonymy follows Amin (1985).

Acanthocephalorhynchoides ussuriensis (F) Rhadinorhynchus pristis (Rudolphi, 1802) (M) Kostylew, 1941 Lühe, 1911 Syn.: Palisentis ussuriensis (Kostylew, 1941) Location: intestine Location: intestine Host: Caranx malabaricus Hosts: Barbonymus gonionotus (1) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Hampala macrolepidota (1) Records: Lebedev 1968a (SCS), 1970 (GTO); fish (2,3) Parukhin 1976 (GTO) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Te et al . 1991; 2. Te 1998a; 3. Te and Yen 1999 Serrasentis sagittifer (Linton, 1889) (M) Van Cleave, 1923 Syn.: Serransentis chauhani Datta, 1954 Acanthocephalorhynchoides sp. (F) S. socialis (Leidy, 1851) Location: not given Includes: Acanthocephalans of Parukhin, Host: fish 1964a 106 Dist.: Mekong River Delta Location: pyloric caeca, intestine, body cavity Record: Te 1993b Hosts: Abalistes stellaris (8,9) Atropus atropos (2,7) Caranx malabaricus (2,7) Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis ) indicus (M) Echeneis naucrates (4,7) (Tripathi, 1959) Chubb, 1982 Gerres filamentosus (11) Syn.: Acanthosentis indicus Tripathi, 1959 Gerres sp. (11) Location: intestine Gymnocranius griseus (11) Host: Pomadasys hasta Lutjanus russellii (10) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Pomadasys hasta (11) Record: Mamaev 1970 Psettodes erumei (3) Rachycentron canadum (1,5,6,9) Scomberoides lysan (2,7) Pallisentis ( Pallisentis ) celatus (F) Triacanthus biaculeatus (6,8) (Van Cleave, 1928) Baylis, 1933 fish (3,9) Syn.: Neosentis celatus Van Cleave, 1928 Dist.: Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, South Location: intestine China Sea Host: Monopterus albus Records: 1. Parukhin 1964a (GTO), 2. 1966a Dist.: Ha Noi (SCS), 3. 1967a (GTO), 4. 1967b (SCS), 5. 1970 Record: Moravec and Sey 1989a (SCS), 6. 1971 (GTO), 7. 1976 (SCS), 8. 1989 (GTH,GTO); 9. Parukhin and Chikunova 1964 (GTH,GTO); 10. Lebedev 1970 (GTO); 11. Pallisentis (Pallisentis ) nagpurensis (F) Mamaev 1970 (GTO) (Bhalerao, 1931) Baylis, 1933 Remarks: The synonymy follows Amin (1985). Location: [body?] cavity, intestine, kidney, liver In Vietnamese waters, adults of Serrasentis Hosts: Anabas testudineus (1) sagittifer have only been found in the pyloric Channa lucius (1) caeca and intestine of Rachycentron canadum C. micropeltes (1) (see Parukhin 1964a, 1970, 1971, Parukhin and C. striata (1,3,4) Chikunova 1964). Records from other hosts Glossogobius giuris (1) involve juvenile stages. Hemibagrus nemurus (1) Monopterus albus (1) Ompok bimaculatus (1) CLASS Oxyeleotris marmorata (1) O. urophthalmus (1) ORDER GYRACANTHOCEPHALA Trichogaster pectoralis (1) ` Wallago attu (1) fish (2,3,4) 106 Specimens from Rachycentron canadum listed only Dist.: Mekong River Delta as acanthocephalans in Table 1 of Parukhin (1964a) were Records: 1. Te et al . 1991; 2. Te 1993b, 3. 1998a; referred to Serrasentis socialis by Parukhin (1970).

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4. Te and Yen 1999 ORDER

FAMILY DENDRONUCLEATIDAE Pallisentis (Demidueterospinus ) (F) ophiocephali (Thapar, 1931) Baylis, 1933 Location: intestine Dendronucleata dogieli Sokolovskaya, 1962 (F) Hosts: Channa striata (1) Location: intestine fish (2,3,4) Hosts: Cyprinus carpio (1) Dist.: Mekong River Delta, southern Viet Nam Notopterus notopterus (3) Records: 1. Te et al . 1991 (MRD); 2. Te 1998a fish (2,4) (MRD); 3. Te and Yen 1999 (MRD); 4. Chon Dist.: Mekong River Delta, Red River Delta 1999 (SV) Records: 1. Te 1984 (RRD), 2. 1998a (MRD); 3. Remarks: As the record of this species by Moravec Te et al . 1991 (MRD); 4. Te and Yen 1999 and Sey (1989a) has been recently reassigned to (MRD) Pallisentis ( Brevitritospinus ) vietnamensis Amin, Heckmann, Ha, Luc and Doahn, 2000 (see Amin et al. 2000), it is possible that some or all of these Dendronucleata petruschewskii (F) records also pertain to this new taxon. Sokolovskaya, 1962 Location: intestine Hosts: Cirrhinus molitorella Pallisentis ( Brevitritospinus ) vietnamensis (F) ? Hemibagrus elongatus Amin, Heckmann, Ha, Luc and Doahn, 2000 Hemiculter leucisculus Syn.: Pallisentis ophiocephali of Megalobrama terminalis Moravec and Sey, 1989 Onychostoma lepturus Location: intestine ?Opsariichthys uncirostris uncirostris Hosts: ? Acanthorhodeus fortunensis (1) Pelteobagrus vachellii Channa maculata (1,2) Squaliobarbus curriculus Dist.: Ha Noi 107 Dist.: Ha Noi Records: 1. Moravec and Sey 1989a; 2. Amin et al. Record: Moravec and Sey 1989a 2000 Remarks: Moravec and Sey (1989a) suggested that Remarks: Morevec and Sey (1989a) believed that this taxon may be a junior synonym of the record of Pallisentis gaboes (MacCallum, Dendronucleata dogieli . 1918) from Channa maculata (as Ophicephalus maculatus ) contained in the unpublished dissertation synopsis of Ky (1969) apparently Dendronucleata sp. (F) pertained to P. ophiocephali (Thapar, 1930) ; Location: not given however, Amin et al. (2000) referred this record, Host: fish as well as that of P. ophiocephali by Moravec Dist.: Mekong River Delta and Sey (1989a) to P. (B. ) vietnamensis . Record: Te 1993b

Pallisentis sp. (F) FAMILY Location: intestine, liver Hosts: Channa lucius (1) C. striata (1,2) sp. (F) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Location: not given Records: 1. Te 1989, 2. 1993b Host: fish Dist.: Mekong River Delta Record: Te 1993b

Unidentified Acanthocephala

107 Moravec and Sey (1989a) noted that their specimens Acanthocephala gen. sp. (F,M) were obtained from the Red River near Hanoi; Amin et al . Location: not given (2000) indicated that their hosts originated from waters Hosts: Echeneis naucrates (1) around Hanoi and were purchased alive from a Hanoi fish Psettodes erumei (1) market and subsequently gave the collection locality as fish (2) “Lakes and Red River near Hanoi, Vietnam.”

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Dist: Mekong River Delta, Gulf of Tonkin the tropics. It is possible that these reports from Records: 1. Parukhin 1964a (GTO) 108 ; 2. Te 1993b Viet Nam may involve Zeylanicobdella (MRD) arugamensis de Silva, 1963, which is widely distributed on estuarine fish (including Oreochromis ) in , , northern PHYLUM ANNELIDA Australia and the Philippines (E.M. Burreson, pers. comm.) CLASS HIRUDINEA

ORDER RHYNCHOBDELLIDA Piscicola sp. (-) Location: not given FAMILY GLOSSIPHONIIDAE Host: fish Dist.: Mekong River Delta Records: Te 1993b; Le Van Khoa 1999 (-)110 Hemiclepsis sp. (F) Location: not given Host: fish PHYLUM MOLLUSCA Dist.: Mekong River Delta Record: Te 1993b CLASS PELECYPODA

SUBCLASS PALAEAHETERODENTA FAMILY PISCICOLIDAE ORDER UNIONIDA

Caspiobdella fadejewi (Epshtein, 1961) (F) FAMILY UNIONIDAE Epshtein, 1969 109 Syn.: Piscicola fadejewi Epshtein, 1961 Location: skin Unionidae gen. sp. (F) Hosts: Barbonymus gonionotus (1) Location: gills Hemibagrus nemurus (1) Host: Cyprinus carpio Oxyeleotris marmorata (1) Dist.: Red River Delta fish (2,3) Record: Te 1984 Dist.: Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Te et al . 1991; 2. Te 1998a; 3. Te and Yen 1999 PHYLUM ARTHROPODA Remarks: As Caspiobdella fadejewi is known only from the drainages of the Black and Azov seas CLASS CRUSTACEA (western Russia), these records from Viet Nam probably involve misidentifications (E.M. SUBCLASS BRANCHIURA Burreson, pers. comm.). ORDER ARGULOIDEA

Piscicola geometra (Linnaeus, 1761) (F) FAMILY Blainville, 1818 Location: skin Host: Oreochromis niloticus niloticus chinensis Ku and Yang, 1955 (F) Dist.: Quang Ninh, Mekong River Delta Location: skin Records: Te et al. 1991 (MRD); Te, Lua and Viet Hosts: Channa micropeltes (1,3,5) 1999 (QN) C. striata (1,5) Remarks: Although Piscicola geometra is widely fish (2,4,6) distributed in Europe and Asia, it is mainly a Dist.: Mekong River Delta boreal species and has never been reported from Records: 1. Te 1989, 2. 1993b, 3. 1995c, 4. 1998a; 5. Te et al . 1991; 6. Te and Yen 1999 108 Material from Rachycentron canadum reported as Remarks: Te (1995c) noted that this can unidentified acanthocephalans in Table 1 of Parukhin cause mortalities. (1964a) was referred to Serrasentis socialis (syn. of S. sagittifer ) by Parukhin (1970). 109 Vietnamese authors have misspelled the specific name 110 The record is taken from Appendix 1 of Le Van Khoa as “ jadejewi ”. (1999) (as " Piscicolla ") and is presumed to involve fish.

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Argulus foliaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) Jurine, 1806 (F) Hosts: Anabas testudineus (1,3) Location: body Channa lucius (1,3) Hosts: Aristichthys nobilis C. striata (1,3) Cyprinus carpio Notopterus notopterus (1,3) Hypophthalmichthys harmandi fish (2,4,5) Dist.: northern Viet Nam Dist.: Mekong River Delta Record: Te 1989 111 Records: 1. Te et al . 1991; 2. Te 1993b, 3. 1995c, Remarks: As there are no confirmed reports of 4. 1998a; 5. Te and Yen 1999 from Southeast Asia, the above records from Vietnamese fishes may involve misidentifications of the closely related A. Lamproglena sp. (F) japonicus Thiele, 1900 (W.J. Poly, pers. comm.). Location: gills Hosts: Clarias macrocephalus (1) fish (2) Thiele, 1900 (F) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Location: body Records: 1. Te et al. 1991; 2. Te 1993b Host: Oreochromis niloticus niloticus Dist.: Mekong River Delta, northern Viet Nam Records: Te et al. 1991 (MRD); Te, Lua and Viet Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758 (F) 1999 (NV) Syn.: Lernaea carassi Tidd, 1933 Location: body, fins Hosts: Aristichthys nobilis (3) Argulus sp. (F) Carassius auratus auratus (1,3) Location: skin, gills Channa micropeltes (3) Hosts: Ctenopharyngodon idellus (3) C. striata (3) Channa micropeltes (3,4,7) Cyprinus carpio (1,2,3) C. striata (4,5) Hypophthalmichthys harmandi (3) Cyprinus carpio (2,8) fish (4) Oreochromis sp. (1) Dist.: Ha Tay, Phu Tho, Mekong River Delta, Red Oxyeleotris marmorata (4,5,7) River Delta, northern Viet Nam fish (6) Records: 1. Chevey and Lemasson 1936 Dist.: An Giang, Hai Phong, Ho Chi Minh, Mekong (HTA,PT) 112 ; 2. Te 1984 (RRD), 3. 1989 River Delta, Red River Delta (MRD,NV) 113 , 4. 1993b (MRD) Records: 1. Ky 1975 (HP); 2. Te 1984 (RRD), 3. Remarks: Te (1989) noted that Lernaea , in 1993a (AG), 4. 1993b (MRD), 5. 1998a (MRD); association with other pathogens, was responsible 6. Le Van Khoa 1999 (-); 7. Te and Yen 1999 for the loss of 300 000 grass carp and bighead (MRD); 8. Chon 1999 (HCM) carp fry at Nhat Tan fish seed farm. Remarks: Ky (1975) noted that Argulus caused mass mortality of brackishwater acclimated tilapia in Quy Kim Hatchery, Hai Phong in 1961, Lernaea elegans Leigh-Sharpe, 1925 (F) while Te (1998a) noted that infections by this Syn.: Lernaea ctenopharyngodontis parasite can lead to death of cage-cultured fishes. Yin, 1960 114 Location: [external surface] Host: fish SUBCLASS ENTOMOSTRACA Dist.: southern Viet Nam Record: Chon 1999 ORDER COPEPODA Remarks: The validity of this species requires further study. It may be a synonym of L. SUBORDER CYCLOPOIDA cyprinacea (see Kabata 1981).

FAMILY LERNAEIDAE

112 The records of Chevey and Lemasson (1936) were Lamproglena chinensis Yu, 1937 (F) given using the host common names “carassin doré” and Location: gills “carpe.” 113 Some of the host records given by Te (1989) were taken from the unpublished dissertation synopsis of Ky (1969). 111 The above records were taken from the unpublished 114 The genus and specific names were misspelled dissertation synopsis of Ky (1969). “Lernae ” and “ ctenopharyngodoni ” by Chon (1999).

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Lernaea lophiara Harding, 1950 (F) Ergasilus philippinensis Velasquez, 1951 (F) Location: body Location: gills Hosts: Channa striata (1,2) Hosts: Glossogobius giuris (1,2) Oxyeleotris marmorata (1,2) Oxyeleotris marmorata (1,2) fish (3,4) fish (3,4) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Dist.: Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Te et al . 1991; 2. Te 1995c, 3. 1998a; Records: 1. Te et al. 1991; 2. Te 1995c, 3. 1998a; 4. Te and Yen 1999 4. Te and Yen 1999 Remarks: Te (1995c) noted that infection by this copepod promotes secondary infections by bacteria, resulting in mortalities. Ergasilus thailandensis Capart, 1943 (F) Location: gills Hosts: Plotosus canius (1,2) Lernaea oryzophila Monod, 1932 (F) fish (3,4) Location: base of fins Dist.: Mekong River Delta Host: Oxyeleotris marmorata Records: 1. Te et al . 1991; 2. Te 1995c, 3. 1998a; Dist.: southern Viet Nam 115 4. Te and Yen 1999 Record: Monod 1932

Ergasilus sp. (F) Lernaea sp. (F) Location: gills Location: gills [?], skin Hosts: Anabas testudineus (1) Hosts: Aristichthys nobilis (1) Barbonymus gonionotus (1) Cirrhinus sp. (5) Channa striata (1) Clarias gariepinus x C. macrocephalus Clarias gariepinus x C. macrocephalus (4) (4) Ctenopharyngodon idellus (1,5) C. macrocephalus (1) Cyprinus carpio (1,5) Helostoma temminckii (1) Oxyeleotris marmorata (4) Hemibagrus nemurus (1) fish (1,2,3) Notopterus notopterus (1) Dist.: Binh Duong, Ha Tay, Ha Noi, Nam, Ha,Vinh Oxyeleotris marmorata (4) Phu, Mekong River Delta Pangasius hypophthalmus (1) Records: 1. Ky 1975 (HN,HTA,NH,VP) 2. Te P. larnaudii (1) 1993a (-); 3. Jeney et al. 1998 (MRD); 4. Dung et fish (2,3) al. 1999 (MRD); 5. Chon 1999 (BD) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Remarks: Ky (1975) noted that anchor and Records: 1. Te et al. 1991; 2. Te 1993b, 3. 1998a; other diseases killed more than 300 000 bighead 4. Dung et al. 1999 and grass carp at Nhat Tan (Hanoi) Aquaculture State Enterprise in 1961. He also noted that treatments were also applied to combat this Paraergasilus brevidigitus Yin, 1954 (F) parasite at Viet-Tiep Enterprise (Hanoi), and Location: fins other enterprises in Vinh Phu and Nam Ha. Host: Cyprinus carpio Dist.: Red River Delta Record: Te 1984 SUBORDER POECILOSTOMATOIDA

FAMILY ERGASILIDAE Paraergasilus medius Yin, 1956 (F) Location: gills, skin Host: Cyprinus carpio Ergasilus anchoratus Markevich, 1946 (F) Dist.: Red River Delta Location: [gills] Record: Te 1984 Host: fish Dist.: southern Viet Nam Record: Chon 1999 Paraergasilus sp. (F) Location: gills Host: Cyprinus carpio Dist.: Binh Duong 115 The locality was given as “Cochinchine (localité Record: Chon 1999 exacte inconnue)”.

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SUBORDER SIPHONOSTOMATOIDEA SUBCLASS MALACOSTRACA

FAMILY CALIGIDAE ORDER ISOPODA 117

Caligus lacustris Steenstrup and Lütken, 1861 (B) SUBORDER FLABELLIFERA Location: skin Host: Oreochromis niloticus niloticus FAMILY AEGIDAE Dist.: Quang Ninh Record: Te, Lua and Viet 1999 Remarks: Caligus lacustis is a parasite of many Alitropus typus Milne Edwards, 1840 (F) species of European freshwater fish. Its Location: gill cavity, mouth, skin occurrence in Viet Nam requires verification. Host: fish Dist.: Mekong River Delta Record: Te 1995c Caligus sp. (F,B) Remarks: Te (1995c) noted that this isopod can Location: skin cause mortalities. Host: Oreochromis niloticus niloticus Dist.: Mekong River Delta Record: Te et al. 1991 FAMILY CORALLANIDAE

Caligididae gen. sp. (M) Corallana grandiventra Ho and (F) Includes: "sea lice" auctorum Tonguthai, 1992 118 Location: [skin] Location: skin Host: grouper Hosts: Notopterus notopterus (1) Dist.: Khanh Hoa fish (2,3) Records: Dung 2001 (KH); Cameron 2001 (-) Dist.: Mekong River Delta Records: 1. Te et al . 1991; 2. Te 1998a; 3. Te and Yen 1999 Lepeophtheirus sp. (M) Location: gills [?] 116 Host: Epinephelus tauvina Corallana sp. (M) Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Location: skin Record: Te 1998b Host: Epinephelus tauvina Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Record: Te 1998b FAMILY PENNELLIDAE

Unidentified Isopoda (Linnaeus, 1767) (M) Wilson, 1917 Isopoda gen. sp. (F) Location: gills Location: not given Host: Epinephelus tauvina Host: fish Dist.: Gulf of Tonkin Dist.: Mekong River Delta Record: Te 1998b Record: Te 1993b

117 Although not clearly indicated in Te (1993b), the record of a bopyrid isopod (as “Bopyrid sp.”) given in his Table 1 pertains to Macrobrachium rosenbergii (see Te 1989). 116 Members of the genus Lepeophtheirus are typically 118 Te (1998a) erroneously listed this species as parasites of the body surface of marine fish. “Cirolana grandiventra Ju et Kamonporn, 1991”.

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NOMINA NUDA

The following names appear in literature dealing with the fish parasites of Viet Nam. However, because their authors provided neither species discriptions nor differential diagnoses, they are unrecognizable. These name are unavailable and therefore, should not be used (see the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Article 13).

Monogenoidea Pseudodactylogyrus marmoratus Te, Yen, Lang and Trung, 1991 Digenea Tormopsolus carangis Parukhin, 1966 (nec T. carangi Parukhin, 1976). Nematoda Chitwoodia chitwoodae Le-Van-Hoa and Pham-Ngoc-Khue, 1970 119 Proleptus albi Te, Yen, Lang and Trung, 1991

119 This material was subsequently described as Chitwoodia chitwoodae Le-Van-Hoa and Pham-Ngoc- Khue, 1971

HOST-PARASITE LIST

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CLASS Anguilla marmorata giant mottled eel Quoy and Gaimard – ORDER OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES Syn.: Anguilla mauritiana Bennett Status: native FAMILY NOTOPTERIDAE Environment: freshwater, brackish, marine Nematoda Campanarougetia campanarougetae (HCM) Chitala chitala (Hamilton) clown knifefish Syn.: Notopterus chitala (Hamilton) ca com Status: native ORDER Environment: freshwater Nematoda FAMILY CHIROCENTRIDAE Pseudoproleptus lamyi (HCM) Remarks: The distribution of this species is restricted to (see Froese and Pauly Chirocentrus dorab (Forrskål) dorab wolf-herring 2003); records from Viet Nam are regarded as Status: native ca lanh misidentifications of either Chitala ornata Environment: marine, brackish (Gray) or C. blanci (d'Aubenton) (M. Kottelat, Digenea pers. comm.). Acanthocolpus liodorus (GTO) A. luehei (GTO) Allostomachicola secundus (GTO) Notopterus notopterus (Pallas) bronze featherback ? Stephanostomum tenue (GTO) Status: native ca that lat Cestoda Environment: freshwater Eutetrarhynchidae gen. sp. plerocercus Protozoa (GTO) Apiosoma minutum (MRD) Nematoda Capriniana piscium (MRD) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Chilodonella hexasticha (MRD) Heptochona dorabi (GTO) C. piscicola (MRD) Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO) Cryptobia branchialis (MRD) Epistylis sp. (MRD) Trichodina nigra (MRD) FAMILY Tripartiella bulbosa (MRD) Myxozoa Henneguya sp. (MRD) Dussumieria elopsoides slender rainbow Digenea Bleeker ca lam Singhia kruinensis (HG,MRD) Syn.: Dussumieria hasselti Bleeker Monogenoidea Status: native Dactylogyridae gen. sp. (MRD) Environment: marine Malayanodiscoides bihamuli (MRD) Digenea Thaparocleidus notopterus (MRD) Aponurus laguncula (GTO) Thaparocleidus sp . (MRD) Erilepturus formosae (GTO) Nematoda Lecithocladium harpodontis (GTO) Procamallanus sp. (MRD) Nematoda Spinitectus notopteri (MRD) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Acanthocephala Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO) Dendronucleata dogieli (MRD) Copepoda Ergasilus sp. (MRD) Herklotsichthys quadrimaculata bluestripe herring Lamproglena chinensis (MRD) (Rüppell) – Isopoda Syn.: Harengula schrammi (Bleeker) Corallana grandiventra (MRD) Status: native Environment: marine Digenea ORDER ANGUILLIFORMES Parahemiurus clupeae (SCS)

FAMILY ANGUILLIDAE

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Ilisha sp. – Status: exotic ca me hoa Status: native Environment: freshwater Environment: marine Protozoa Digenea Apiosoma piscicolum cylindriformis (NV) Acanthocolpus liodorus metacercaria Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (NV) (GTO) Trichodina nobillis (NV) Aponurus laguncula (GTO) Trichodina sp. (BD) Lecithocladium harpodontis (GTO) Trichodinidae gen. sp. (-) Lecithochirium imocavum (GTO) Myxozoa Cestoda Myxobolus divergens (HB,HN) Eutetrarhynchidae gen. sp. plerocercus Myxobolus sp. (-) (GTO) Monogenoidea Nematoda Dactylogyridae gen. sp. (HN) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Dactylogyrus nobilis (NV) Echinocephalus sp. larva (GTO) Dactylogyrus sp. (BD) Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO) Branchiura ? Argulus foliaceus (NV) Copepoda Sardinella sp. – Lernaea cyprinacea (NV) Status: native ca trich Lernaea sp. (HN) Environment: marine Digenea Acanthocolpus liodorus metacercaria Bangana tonkinensis (Pelllegrin and Chevey) – (GTO) Syn.: Varicorhinus tonkinensis Pellegrin – Aponurus laguncula (GTO) and Chevy Heterophyidae gen. sp. metacercaria Status: native (GTO) Environment: freshwater ? Lecithocladium excisum (GTO) Monogenoidea Parahemiurus merus (GTO) Dactylogyrus laokajensis (LC) ? Stephanostomum tenue metacercaria (GTO) D. tonkinensis (LC) Nematoda Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) Barbonymus altus (Günther) red tailed tinfoil Philometra sp. (GTO) Syn.: Puntius altus (Günther) ca he vang Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO) Status: native Environment: freshwater Protozoa ORDER CYPRINIFORMES Balantidium spinibarbichthys (MRD) Ichthyonyctus baueri (MRD) FAMILY Protozoa gen. sp. (MRD) Myxozoa Myxobolus sp. (MRD) Acanthorhodeus fortunensis – Digenea Status: native ca the be Masenia collata metacercaria (MRD) Environment: freshwater Monogenoidea Nematoda Dactylogyrus viticulus (MRD) Pingus sinensis (HN) Dactylogyrus sp. (MRD) Spinitectus sp. (HN) Eudiplozoon nipponicum (MRD) Acanthocephala Monogenoidea gen. sp. (MRD) Pallisentis ( Brevitritospinus ) Nematoda vietnamensis (HN) Cucullanus cyprini (MRD) Remarks: The validity of this host name could not be confirmed. It is probably one of the numerous nomina nuda occurring in the Vietnamese Barbonymus balleroides (Valenciennes) – literature (M. Kottelat, pers. comm.). Syn.: Puntius bramoides ca tra-vinh (Valenciennes) Status: native Aristichthys nobilis (Richardson) Environment: freshwater

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Nematoda Status: exotic Chitwoodia chitwoodae (HCM) Environment: freshwater Monogenoidea Eudiplozoon nipponicum (-) Barbonymus gonionotus (Bleeker) Java barb Paradiplozoon doi (-) Syn.: Barbodes gonionotus (Bleeker) ca me vinh Remarks: This species does not occur in Viet Nam Puntius gonionotus (Bleeker) (M. Kottelat, pers. comm.). The above records Status: native are thus probably based on misidentifications of Environment: freshwater Carassius auratus auratus. Protozoa Cryptobia branchialis (MRD) Protozoa gen. sp. (MRD) Catla catla (Hamilton) catla Trichodina nobillis (MRD) Status: exotic ca catla an Do Trichodinidae gen. sp. (MRD) Environment: freshwater Tripartiella bulbosa (MRD) Protozoa Tripartiella sp. (MRD) Epistylis sp. (MRD) Myxozoa Protozoa gen. sp. (MRD) Myxobolus macrocapsularis (MRD) Trichodinella epizootica (MRD) Thelohanellus catlae (MRD,RRD) Tripartiella bulbosa (QN,MRD) Digenea T. obtusa (MRD) ? Allocreadium isoporum (MRD) Digenea Allocreadium sp. (DT,TG) Centrocestus formosanus metacercaria (MRD) Centrocestus formosanus metacercaria (MRD) Monogenoidea Masenia collata metacercaria (MRD) Dactylogyrus kalyanensis (MRD) Monogenoidea Dactylogyrus sp. (MRD) Gyrodactylus squaliobarbi (MRD) Cirrhinus cirrhosus (Bloch) mrigal Monogenoidea gen. sp. (MRD) Syn.: Cirrhina mrigala ca troi mrigal 120 Acanthocephala (Hamilton) Acanthocephalorhynchoides ussuriensis Status: exotic (MRD) Environment: freshwater Hirudinea Protozoa ? Caspiobdella fadejewi (MRD) Apiosoma minutum (BN,MRD) Copepoda Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (BN,MRD) Ergasilus sp. (MRD) Protozoa gen. sp. (MRD) Trichodina acuta (BN,MRD) T. mutabilis (BN,MRD) Carassius auratus auratus (Linnaeus) goldfish T. nigra (BN,MRD) Status: uncertain ca diec T. nobillis (BN,MRD) Environment: freshwater T. perforata (MRD) Protozoa T. rectangli (BN,MRD) Trichodina pediculus (NV) Trichodinella epizootica (BN,MRD) Myxozoa T. subtilis (MRD) Myxobolus sp. (-) Tripartiella bulbosa (BN) Monogenoidea Myxozoa Dactylogyridae gen. sp. (-) Myxobolus koi (BN,HB,HN,QN,MRD) Dactylogyrus intermedius (NV) ? M. minutus (MRD) Paradiplozoon doi (-) M. semeniformis (HCM,TG,MRD) Copepoda Digenea Lernaea cyprinacea (HTA,NV) Centrocestus formosanus metacercaria (BN,MRD) Remarks: According to DIAS (1998), this host was Monogenoidea introduced from China at an unknown date. Dactylogyrus yogendrai (BN,MRD) However, M. Kottelat (pers. comm.) notes that the goldfish may be native to northern Viet Nam.

120 Other Vietnamese common names appearing in the Carassius gibelio (Bloch) parasitological literature are "ca troi an Do", "ca mrigal an Do" and "ca troi an". Syn.: Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch) –

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Cirrhinus jullieni Sauvage – Cirrhinus sp . – Status: native ca linh ong Status: native ca troi Environment: freshwater Environment: freshwater Protozoa Protozoa Trichodina nigra (MRD) Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (MRD) Tripartiella bulbosa (MRD) Trichodina sp. (BD) Myxozoa Trichodinella sp. (BD) Myxobolus sp. (MRD) Monogenoidea Monogenoidea Dactylogyrus sp. (BD) Dactylogyrus sp. (MRD) Copepoda Lernaea sp. (BD)

Cirrhinus microlepis small scale mud carp Sauvage ca duong Ctenopharyngodon idellus grass carp Status: native (Valenciennes) ca cham treng 122 Environment: freshwater Status: exotic Protozoa Environment: freshwater Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (MRD) Protozoa Balantidium sp . (AG,BD) Chilodonella piscicola (NV) Cirrhinus molitorella (Valenciennes) mud carp Chilodonella sp. (BN) Syn.: Cirrhinus chinensis Günther ca linh ria 121 Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (PT,NV) Status: native Ichthyophthirius sp. (NV) Environment: freshwater Trichodina nobillis (NV) Protozoa T. pediculus (NV) Balantidium strelkovi (BK,LC) Trichodina sp. (AG,BD,NV) Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (NV) Myxozoa Trichodina pediculus (NV) Henneguya sp. (AG,MRD) Myxozoa Myxobolus sp. (AG) Myxobolus semeniformis (HN) Monogenoidea M. uyeni (LC) Dactylogyridae gen. sp. (-) Myxobolus sp. (HN) Dactylogyrus lamellatus (NV) Digenea Dactylogyrus sp. (AG,BD) Carassotrema koreanum (BK,LC) Branchiura Prosorhynchus sp. (HN) Argulus sp. (-) Monogenoidea Copepoda Dactylogyridae gen. sp. (-) Lernaea sp. (BD,HN) Dactylogyrus babensis (BK,HN,LC) Remarks: The specific name is frequently mispelled D. bakanensis (BL,HN,LC) "idella ." D. molitorelli (BK,HN,LC) . D. quangfami (BK,HN,LC) D. uyeni (BK,HN,LC) Cultrichthys erythropterus D. zoanyngi (BK,HN,LC) (Basilewsky) ca ngao Paradiplozoon doi (-) Syn.: Culter tientsinensis Abbot P. vietnamicum (HN,HP) Status: native Nematoda Environment: freshwater Camallanus (Camallanus ) alii (BK,LC) Monogenoidea Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona ) sp. (HN) Paradiplozoon doi (-) Spinitectus sp. (HN) Remarks: The synonomy follows Kottelat (2001). Acanthocephala Cleaveius longirostris (HN) Dendronucleata petruschewskii (HN) Culter flavipinnis (Tirant) – Syn.: Erythroculter recurvirostris ca thieu gu (Sauvage)

121 Other Vietnamese common names appearing in the parasitological literature are "ca troi" and "ca troi 122 The Vietnamese common name ca tram co is Vietnam". frequently used in the papers of Bu Quang Te and coworkers.

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Status: native Cestoda Environment: freshwater Diphyllobothrium sp. plerocercoid (HCM) Acanthocephala Khawia sinensis (RRD) Cleaveius longirostris (HN) Nematoda Remarks: The synonymy follows Kottelat (2001). ? Camallanus (Camallanus ) truncatus (BN) Cucullanus cyprini (BK,RRD) Philometra sp. (HCM) Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus common carp Acanthocephala Status: native ca chep Brentisentis cyprini (RRD) Environment: freshwater Dendronucleata dogieli (RRD) Protozoa Mollusca Apiosoma minutum (BN,RRD) Unionidae gen. sp. (RRD) A. piscicolum cylindriformis (RRD,NV) Branchiura Chilodonella piscicola (RRD,NV) ? Argulus foliaceus (NV) Chilodonella sp. (BN) Argulus sp. (HCM,RRD) Cryptobia branchialis (RRD) Copepoda Epistylis sp. (RRD) Lernaea cyprinacea (HTA,PT,RRD,NV) Goussia carpelli (RRD) Lernaea sp. (BD,HT) Ichthyobodo necator (RRD) Paraergasilus brevidigitus (RRD) Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (RRD,NV) P. medius (RRD) Pseudoamphileptus macrostoma Paraergasilus sp. (BD) (BN, RRD) Remarks: Records of Cyprinus carpio from Trichodina acuta (RRD) northern Viet Nam may involve T. nigra (RRD) misidentifications of C. rubrofuscus (see T. nobillis (NV) Kottelat 2001). T. pediculus (BD,RRD,NV) Trichodina sp. (BD) Trichodinidae gen. sp. (-) Cyprinus rubrofuscus Lacepède – Myxozoa Includes: Cyprinus carpio haematopterus Myxobolus achmerovi (BK,BN,HN,RRD) auctorum M. anisocapsularis (BN,HN,RRD) Status: native M. artus (RRD) Environment: freshwater M. cyprinicola (RRD) Monogenoidea M. koi (BN,HB,HN,HP,QN) Eudiplozoon nipponicum (-) M. toyamai (BK,BN,HB,HN,QN,RRD) Myxobolus sp. (-) Thelohanellus acuminatus (HP,RRD) Elopichthys bambusa (Richardson) yellowcheek T. callisporis (HN,RRD) Status: native ca chay dam T. catlae (RRD) Environment: freshwater T. dogieli (RRD) Monogenoidea Digenea Paradiplozoon doi (-) ? Allocreadium isoporum (BN,RRD) Nematoda Centrocestus formosanus metacercaria Meteterakis japonica (HN) (RRD) Centrocestus sp. metacercaria (BN) ? Stephanostomum sp. metacercaria Hampala macrolepidota hampala barb (HCM) (Valenciennes) ca ngua Monogenoidea Status: native Dactylogyridae gen. sp. (-) Environment: freshwater Dactylogyrus achmerowi (RRD) Digenea D. anchoratus (RRD) Plagioporus macrolepidotus (DT,LA) D. extensis (RRD) P. myoxocephalus (MRD) D. falciformis (RRD) Monogenoidea D. minutus (BN,RRD,NV) Dactylogyrus sp. (MRD) Dactylogyrus sp. (BD) Nematoda Gyrodactylus medius (RRD) Camallanus ( Camallanus ) hampalae Gyrodactylus sp. (BD) (MRD) Paradiplozoon doi (BN,RRD) Acanthocephala

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Acanthocephalorhynchoides ussuriensis (MRD) Hypophthalmichthys sp. – Status: unknown Environment: freshwater Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky) Protozoa Syn.: Hemiculter leucisculus ca muong Chilodonella sp. (BN) leucisculus (Basilewsky) Ichthyophthirius sp. (-) Status: native Trichodina sp. (BD) Environment: freshwater, brackish Trichodinidae gen. sp. (-) Digenea Myxozoa Carassotrema koreanum (HN) Myxobolus sp. (-) Monogenoidea Monogenoidea Paradiplozoon doi (-) Dactylogyridae gen. sp. (-) Nematoda Dactylogyrus sp. (BD) Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona ) jiangxiensis (HN) Acanthocephala Labeo chryophekadion black sharkminnow Dendronucleata petruschewskii (HN) (Bleeker) ca et moi Micracanthorhynchina hemiculterus (NV) Status: native Environment: freshwater Protozoa Hypophthalmichthys harmandi Sauvage – Epistylis sp. (HCM) Status: native ca me trang Viet Nam Digenea Environment: freshwater ? Stephanostomum sp. metacercaria (HCM) Protozoa Cestoda Apiosoma piscicolum cylindriformis (NV) Senga sp . (HCM) Chilodonella piscicola (NV) Nematoda Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (NV) Philometra sp. (HCM) Trichodina nobillis (NV) T. pediculus (NV) Myxozoa Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Myxobolus assymetricus (HB) Status: exotic ca rohu an Do M. discapsularis (HB) Environment: freshwater M. ellipticus (HN) Protozoa M. humilis (HB) Apiosoma minutum (BN,MRD) M. pavlovskii (HB,HN) Ichthyobodo necator (MRD) Zschokkella donecae (HN) Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (BN) Monogenoidea Protozoa gen. sp. (MRD) Dactylogyrus harmandi (NV) Trichodina acuta (BN,MRD) ? Gyrodactylus medius (BN) ? T. domerguei (MRD) Paradiplozoon doi (-) T. nigra (BN,MRD) Branchiura T. nobillis (BN,MRD) ? Argulus foliaceus (NV) T. pediculus (MRD) Copepoda T. perforata (MRD) Lernaea cyprinacea (NV) T. rectangli (BN,MRD) Trichodinella epizootica (BN,MRD) T. subtilis (MRD) Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Tripartiella bulbosa (BN,QT,MRD) (Valenciennes) ca me trang Trung Quoc T. obtusa (MRD) Status: exotic Tripartiella sp. (MRD) Environment: freshwater Myxozoa Digenea Myxobolus koi (BN,MRD) metacercaria (NB) ? M. minutus (MRD) Monogenoidea M. semeniformis (HCM,TG,MRD) Dactylogyrus harmandi (HB,HN,HP) Digenea Paradiplozoon doi (-) Centrocestus formosanus metacercaria Copepoda (BN,MRD) Masenia collata metacercaria (MRD) Monogenoidea

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Dactylogyrus labei (BN,MRD) Environment: freshwater Acanthocephala Dendronucleata petruschewskii (HN) Labiobarbus leptocheila (Valenciennes) – Remarks: As Kottelat (2001) notes that this Syn.: Labiobarbus lineatus (Sauvage) ca linh ria species is restricted to Japan, and that the Status: native mainland species should be called O. bidens Environment: freshwater Günther, the above records probably involve the Monogenoidea latter host. Dactylogyrus sp. (MRD)

Osteochilus melanopleurus (Bleeker) – Leptobarbus hoevenii (Bleeker) mad barb Status: native ca me hoi Status: native ca chai Environment: freshwater Environment: freshwater Monogenoidea Myxozoa Dactylogyrus sp. (MRD) Myxobolus cheisini (MRD) Monogenoidea Dactylogyrus sp. (MRD) Poropuntius kremphi (Pellegrin and Chevy) – Eudiplozoon nipponicum (MRD) Syn.: Lissochilus kremphi ca chat Monogenoidea gen. sp. (MRD) (Pellegrin and Chevy) Cestoda Status: native Proteocephalus sp . (MRD) Environment: freshwater Nematoda Digenea Pingus sinensis (MRD) Platycladorchis macroacetabularis (HN) Nematoda Falcaustra kaverii (HN) Megalobrama terminalis black Amur bream Remarks: The synonymy follows Kottelat (2001). (Richardson) ca ven Syn.: Megalobrama hoffmanni Herre and Myers Puntioplites proctozysron (Bleeker) – Status: native Status: native ca ranh Environment: freshwater Environment: freshwater Nematoda Monogenoidea Protoleptinae gen. sp. larva (HN) Dactylogyrus sp. (MRD) Rhabdochona (Globochonoides ) sp . (HN) Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona ) sp. (HN) Acanthocephala Puntius brevis (Bleeker) – Dendronucleata petruschewskii (HN) Status: native ca hot mit Environment: freshwater Monogenoidea Onychostoma lepturus (Boulenger) – Dactylogyrus sp. (MRD) Syn.: Gymnostomus lepturus ca phao Boulenger Status: native Saurogobio dabryi Chinese lizard gudgeon Environment: freshwater, brackish Bleeker ca duc dang Digenea Status: exotic Prosorhynchus sp. (HN) Environment: freshwater Nematoda Digenea Rhabdochona ( Rhabdochona ) hakyi (HN) Carassotrema koreanum (HN) Acanthocephala Prosorhynchoides ozakii (HN) Dendronucleata petruschewskii (HN) Remarks: As the distribution of this species is given by Froeze and Pauly (2003) as northeast Asia (Korea, China (Yangtze) and the Amur basin), Opsariichthys uncirostris uncirostris three-lips the host identity for the above records requires (Temminck and Schlegel) ca chao verification. As Kottelat (2001) lists Syn .: Opsariichthys uncirostris Saurogobio dabryi vietnamensis Mai as a (Temminck and Schlegel) synonym of S. immaculatus Koller, these Status: native records may actually involve this species.

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Spinibarbichthys denticulatus (Oshima) – Arius arius (Hamilton) sea catfish Status: native ca bong Status: native – Environment: freshwater Environment: marine, brackish Protozoa Nematoda Balantidium spinibarbichthys (BK,LC) ? Hysterothylacium fluviatile larva (HN) B. steinae (BK,LC) Ichthyonyctus baueri (BK) Inferostoma jankowskii (BK,LC) Arius sinensis (Lacepéde) – Myxozoa Status: native ca uc Myxobolus lanfyongi (LC) Environment: marine, brackish Myxobolus sp. (-) Nematoda Digenea Rhabdochona ( Rhabdochona ) hakyi (HN) Amurotrema dombrowskajae (HN) Acanthocephala Carassotrema koreanum (BK,LC) Paradentitruncus longireceptaculis (HN) Neocladorchis multilobularis (HN) Platycladorchis microacetabularis (HN) Monogenoidea Arius sp . – Dactylogyrus denticulati (BK,LC) Status: native D. spinibarbichthi (BK,LC) Environment: marine Nematoda Digenea Chitwoodia chitwoodae (-) Buckleytrema indica (GTO) Falcaustra babei (BK,HN,LC) Elongoparorchis siamensis (GTH) Hakynema vietnamensis (HN) Nematoda Capillaria ariusi (GTH)

Squaliobarbus curriculus chub (Richardson) ca chay FAMILY BAGRIDAE Status: native Environment: freshwater Protozoa Hemibagrus elongatus (Günther) – Ichthyonyctus schulmani (BK) Status: native ca lang Digenea Environment: freshwater Carassotrema koreanum (HN) Digenea Prosorhynchus sp. (HN) Prosorhynchus sp. (HN) Monogenoidea Nematoda Dactylogyrus curriculi (HP) ? Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus ) Paradiplozoon doi (-) bagarii (HN) Nematoda Paragendria sp. (HN) Rhabdochona (Globochonoides ) Rhabdochona ( Rhabdochona ) hakyi (HN) squaliobarbus (HN) Spinitectus ranae (HN) Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona ) sp. (HN) Acanthocephala Acanthocephala Dendronucleata petruschewskii (HN) Dendronucleata petruschewskii (HN) Remarks: As Hemibargus elongatus does not occur Pseudorhadinorhynchus vietnamensis (HN) in Viet Nam, these records are based on host misidentifications, possibly of H. guttatus (Lacepède) (M. Kottelat, pers. comm.). Squaliobarbus sp. – Status: native Environment: freshwater Hemibagrus nemurus Asian redtail catfish Monogenoidea (Valenciennes) ca lang Paradiplozoon doi (-) Syn.: Mystus nemurus (Valenciennes) Status: native Environment: freshwater ORDER SILURIFORMES Myxozoa Henneguya sp. (MRD) FAMILY ARIIDAE Myxobolus sp. (MRD) Zschokkella parasiluri (MRD) Digenea

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Orientocreadium siluri (MRD) Myxozoa Orientocreadium sp. (DT,TG) Myxobolus clarii (MRD) Monogenoidea Myxobolus sp. (MRD) Cornudiscoides malayensis (MRD) Digenea Cestoda Centrocestus formosanus metacercaria Lytocestus adhaerens (MRD) (MRD) Senga parva (MRD) Masenia collata (MRD) Nematoda Orientocreadium batrachoides (MRD) Contracaecum rudolphii larva (MRD) Monogenoidea Procamallanus sp. (MRD) Gyrodactylus fusci (MRD) Acanthocephala Quadriacanthus kobiensis (MRD) Pallisentis (Pallisentis ) nagpurensis Cestoda (MRD) Caryphyllaeidae gen. sp. (MRD) Hirudinea ? Caryophyllaeus fimbriceps (MRD) ? Caspiobdella fadejewi (MRD) Lytocestus adhaerens (MRD) Copepoda L. parvulus (MRD) Ergasilus sp. (MRD) Senga parva (MRD) Remarks: M. Kottelat (pers. comm.) notes that Nematoda these records probably involve host Procamallanus (Procamallanus ) clarius misidentifications. (HN) Spinitectus clariasi (MRD)

Mystus sp. – Syn.: Hypselobagrus sp. Clarias fuscus (Lacepède) whitespotted clarias Status: native Status: native ca tre den Environment: freshwater Environment: freshwater Digenea Protozoa Isoparorchis hypselobagri (CB) Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (NV) Digenea Masenia collata (HN) Pelteobagrus fulvidraco yellow catfish Orientocreadium batrachoides (HN) (Richardson) ca bo Phyllodistomum clariasi (HN) Syn.: Pseudobagrus fulvidraco (Richardson) Monogenoidea Status: native Gyrodactylus fusci (HN) Envronment: freshwater Quadriacanthus kobiensis (HN) Nematoda Nematoda Procamallanus (Procamallanus ) petterae Procamallanus (Procamallanus ) clarius (HN) (HN) ? Spinitectus ophicephali (HN) Protoleptinae gen. sp. larva (HN) Spinitectus clariasi (HN) Remarks: Vietnamese authors have mispelled the Pelteobagrus vachellii (Richardson) – specific name “ fucus ”. Syn.: Pseudobagrus vachellii ca man (Richardson) Status: native Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) x hybrid catfish Envronment: freshwater C. macrocephalus Günther – Digenea Status: exotic Prosorhynchoides ozakii (HN) Environment: freshwater Acanthocephala Protozoa Dendronucleata petruschewskii (HN) Apiosoma sp. (MRD) Ichthyophthirius sp. (MRD) Trichodina sp. (MRD) FAMILY CLARIIDAE Monogenoidea Monogenoidea gen. sp. (MRD) Copepoda Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) Ergasilus sp. (MRD) Status: native ca tre trang Lernaea sp. (MRD) Environment: freshwater, brackish Remarks: This catfish has been introduced to Viet

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Nam for aquaculture. Cranoglanis bouderius (Richardson) – Syn.: Cranoglanis multiradiatus ca nganh (Koller) Clarias macrocephalus Günther broadhead catfish C. sinensis (Richardson) Status: native ca tre vang Status: native Environment: freshwater Environment: freshwater Protozoa Digenea Apiosoma minutum (MRD) Phyllodistomum megalovum (HP) Cryptobia branchialis (MRD) Monogenoidea Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (MRD) Dactylogyrus cranoglanis (-)123 Protozoa gen. sp. (MRD) Nematoda Trichodina nigra (MRD) ? Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus ) Myxozoa bagarii (HN) Myxobolus clarii (MRD) Rhabdochona ( Rhabdochona) hakyi (HN) Myxobolus sp. (MRD) R. (Rhabdochona ) vietnamensis (HN) Digenea Remarks: As M. Kottelat (pers. comm.) notes that Centrocestus formosanus metacercaria the species occurring in the Red River basin is (MRD) Cranoglanis henrici (Valliant), the above records Digenea gen. sp. (MRD) may involve host misidentifications. Masenia collata (MRD) Orientocreadium batrachoides (MRD) Monogenoidea FAMILY PANGASIIDAE 124 Bychowskyella tchangi (MRD) Gyrodactylus fusci (MRD) Quadriacanthus kobiensis (MRD) Pangasius bocourti Sauvage – Cestoda Status: native ca basa Caryphyllaeidae gen. sp. (MRD) Environment: freshwater ? Paracaryophyllaeus gotoi (MRD) Protozoa ? Paraproteocephalus parasiluri (MRD) Balantidium sp . (MRD) Proteocephalus sp . (MRD) Ichthyonyctus pangasia (MRD) Nematoda Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (MRD) Contracaecum rudolphii larva (MRD) Protoopalina sp. (MRD) Philometra sp. (MRD) Trichodina nigra (MRD) Procamallanus (Procamallanus ) clarius Tripartiella bulbosa (MRD) (HN,MRD) Myxozoa Spinitectus clariasi (MRD) Zschokkella parasiluri (MRD) Copepoda Digenea Ergasilus sp. (MRD) Prosorhynchoides gracilescens (MRD) Lamproglena sp. (MRD) 123 Sichuan River basin, Vietnamese-Chinese border. 124 The identification of some of the pangasiid catfishes Clarias sp. – of the lower Mekong River is problematic. In some of the Status: unknown ca tre publications of Bui Quang Te and colleagues, the Environment: freshwater catfishes known locally as "ca basa" and "ca tra" were Protozoa identified as Pangasius pangasius and P. micronemus , Epistylidae gen. sp. (MRD) respectively. However, in other papers by these authors "ca basa" was identified as P. bocourti and "ca tra" as P. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (MRD) hypophthalmus. In compiling this checklist, we have Trichodina sp. (BD) listed the host identifications for records from Pangasius Trichodinidae gen. sp. (MRD) spp. as they originally appeared in the literature, Monogenoidea recognizing that host misidentifications may have Gyrodactylus fusci (MRD) occurred, and that in some cases the same parasite Monogenoidea gen. sp. (MRD) records (often repeated in the publications of Te and Quadriacanthus kobiensis (MRD) colleagues) have appeared under two different host Nematoda species. In the case of Te (1993b) and Te and Tam Philometra sp. (MRD) (1999), where no scientific names were associated with host common names, parasite records for "ca basa" and "ca tra" are listed under Pangasius sp. FAMILY CRANOGLANIDAE

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Monogenoidea Trichodina sp. (CT) Monogenoidea gen. sp. (MRD) Tripartiella bulbosa (MRD) Thaparocleidus caecus (MRD) T. copiosa (MRD) T. pangasi (MRD) T. lata (MRD) Thaparocleidus sp . (MRD) T. obtusa (MRD) Cestoda Trichodinidae gen. sp. (MRD) ? Proteocephalus osculatus (MRD) Myxozoa Nematoda Ceratomyxa sp. (MRD) Cucullanus cyprini (MRD) Henneguya sp. (MRD) ? Dichelyne (Cucullanellus ) minutus (MRD) Myxobolus miyairii (MRD) Philometra sp. (MRD) Myxobolus sp. (CT,MRD) Spectatus sp. (MRD) Digenea Acanthocephala Prosorhynchoides gracilescens (MRD) Pseudorhadinorhynchus vietnamensis Monogenoidea (MRD) Dactylogyrus sp. (CT) Monogenoidea gen. sp. (MRD) Thaparocleidus caecus (MRD) Pangasius conchophilus – Thaparocleidus sp . (MRD) Roberts and Vidhtayanon ca hu Cestoda Status: native Lytocestus parvulus (MRD) Environment: freshwater ? Proteocephalus osculatus (MRD) Protozoa Nematoda Balantidium sp . (MRD) ? Dichelyne (Cucullanellus ) minutus (MRD) Ichthyonyctus pangasia (MRD) Philometra sp. (MRD) Trichodina nigra (MRD) Spectatus sp. (MRD) Tripartiella bulbosa (MRD) Copepoda Digenea Ergasilus sp. (MRD) Prosorhynchoides gracilescens (MRD) Monogenoidea Thaparocleidus pangasi (MRD) Pangasius larnaudii Bocourt spot catfish Thaparocleidus sp . (MRD) Status: native ca vo dem Cestoda Environment: freshwater Lytocestus parvulus (MRD) Protozoa ? Proteocephalus osculatus (MRD) Balantidium sp . (MRD) Nematoda Ichthyonyctus baueri (MRD) Procamallanus sp. (MRD) I. pangasia (MRD) Spectatus sp. (MRD) Protozoa gen. sp. (MRD) Trichodina nigra (MRD) Tripartiella bulbosa (MRD) Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage) sutchi catfish T. obtusa (MRD) Status: native ca tra nuoi Tripartiella sp. (MRD) Environment: freshwater Myxozoa Protozoa Henneguya sp. (MRD) Apiosoma minutum (MRD) Monogenoidea A. piscicolum cylindriformis (MRD) Thaparocleidus sp . (MRD) Balantidium sp . (MRD) Nematoda Chilodonella sp. (MRD) Philometra sp. (MRD) Cryptobia branchialis (MRD) Spectatus sp. (MRD) Epistylis kronwerci (MRD) Copepoda Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (MRD) Ergasilus sp. (MRD) Microsporidia gen. sp. (CT) Protozoa gen. sp. (MRD) Trichodina acuta (MRD) Pangasius micronemus shortbarbel pangasius ? T. gasterostei (MRD) Bleeker ca tra nuoi 125 T. mutabilis (MRD) Status: native T. nigra (MRD) T. partidisci (MRD) T. siluri (MRD) 125 Vietnamese authors have also used the common names ca tra and ca nuoi for this species.

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Environment: freshwater Plotosus canius Hamilton gray eel-catfish Protozoa Status: native ca ngat Cryptobia branchialis (MRD) Environment: marine, brackish, freshwater Epistylidae gen. sp. (MRD) Monogenoidea Ichthyonyctus baueri (MRD) Ancyrocephalus sp. (MRD) Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (MRD) Copepoda Paratrichodina sp. (MRD) Ergasilus thailandensis (MRD) Trichodina nigra (MRD) Remarks: Froese and Pauly (2003) note that this T. pediculus (MRD) catfish, although occurring mostly in estuaries Trichodinidae gen. sp. (MRD) and lagoons, is also found in the lower parts of Tripartiella sp. (MRD) rivers and in coastal seas. Myxozoa Myxobolus sp. (MRD) Digenea FAMILY SILURIDAE Prosorhynchoides gracilescens (MRD) Monogenoidea Thaparocleidus sp . (MRD) Belondontichthys dinema (Peters) – Syn.: Wallago dinema Peters ca tren rang Status: native Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton) yellowtail catfish Environment: freshwater Status: exotic ca basa Protozoa Environment: freshwater, brackish Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (MRD) Protozoa Remarks: As M. Kottelat (pers. comm.) notes that Balantidium spinibarbichthys (MRD) the species occurring in the Mekong River Delta Ichthyonyctus baueri (MRD) is actually Belondontichthys truncatus Kottelat Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (MRD) and Ng, the above record is considered to involve Trichodina nigra (MRD) a host misidentification. Digenea Prosorhynchoides gracilescens (MRD) Monogenoidea Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch) butter catfish Thaparocleidus sp . (MRD) Status: native ca tren bau Cestoda Environment: freshwater, brackish Proteocephalus sp . (MRD) Myxozoa Nematoda Myxobolus poljanskii (MRD) Cucullanus chabaudi (-) Digenea ? Hysterothylacium fluviatile larva (HN) Bacciger bacciger (MRD) Philometra sp. (AG,MRD) Bacciger sp. (AG,DT,TG) Remarks: M. Kottelat (pers. comm.) notes that Monogenoidea Pangasius pangasius is an Indian species and Thaparocleidus sp . (MRD) that records of this fish from outside India are Nematoda unlikely to be correct, probably even for most Contracaecum rudolphii larva (MRD) records involving cultured fish. Procamallanus (Procamallanus ) glossogobii (MRD) Procamallanus sp. (MRD) Pangasius sp. – Acanthocephala Status: unknown ca tra Pallisentis (Pallisentis ) nagpurensis Environment: freshwater (MRD) Protozoa Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (MRD) Trichodina nigra (MRD) Wallago attu (Bloch and Schneider) wallago T. pediculus (MRD) Syn.: Wallagonia attu ca leo Trichodinidae gen. sp. (DT,MRD) (Bloch and Schneider) Tripartiella bulbosa (DT) Status: native Nematoda Environment: freshwater, brackish Philometra sp. (MRD) Digenea Bacciger bacciger (MRD) Bacciger sp. (AG,DT,TG) FAMILY PLOTOSIDAE Monogenoidea

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Thaparocleidus sudhakari (MRD) Trachinocephalus myops (Forster) snakefish T. wallagonius (MRD) Status: native – Cestoda Environment: marine ? Paraproteocephalus parasiluri (MRD) Monogenoidea Acanthocephala Pavlovskioides litoralis (GTO) Pallisentis (Pallisentis ) nagpurensis (MRD) Trachinocephalus sp. – Status: native FAMILY Environment: marine Digenea Tubulovesicula angusticauda (GTO) Bagarius bagarius (Hamilton) dwarf goonch Status: native ca chien Environment: freshwater, brackish ORDER SYNGNATHIFORMES Digenea Dollfustrema bagarii (HN) FAMILY FISTULARIIDAE Metadena bagarii (HN) Phyllodistomum sp. (HN) Prosorhynchus vietnamensis (HN) Fistularia petimba (Lacepède) red cornet fish Nematoda Status: native ca Lao khong vay Camallanus (Camallanus ) cotti (HN) Environment: marine Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus ) Digenea bagarii (HN) Callogonotrema fistulariae (GTO) Rhabdochona ( Rhabdochona ) hakyi (HN) Stephanostomum fistulariae (GTO) Spinitectus sp. (HN) Acanthocephala Cathayacanthus bagarii (HN) ORDER SYNBRANCHIFORMES Remarks: Many of the above records may involve host misidentifications. According to M. FAMILY SYNBRANCHIDAE Kottelat (pers. comm.), the species occurring in northern Viet Nam is Bagarius rutilus Ng and Kottelat, while records from the Mekong River Monopterus albus (Zuiew) swamp eel might involve B. bagarius , B. yarrelli (Sikes) Syn.: Fluta alba (Zuiew) luon (the most common species) or B. suchus Status: native Roberts. Environment: freshwater, brackish Digenea Centrocestus formosanus metacercaria ORDER (MRD) Clinostomum complanatum metacercaria FAMILY (DT,HG,MH,MRD) Cestoda Senga sp . (MRD) Saurida gracilis gracile lizardfish Nematoda (Quoy and Gaimard) – Paraseuratum sp. (MRD) Status: native Acanthocephala Environment: marine Pallisentis ( Pallisentis ) celatus (HN) Monogenoidea P. (Pallisentis ) nagpurensis (MRD) Osphyobothrus multivitellatus (GTH)

ORDER SCORPAENIFORMES Saurida tumbil (Bloch) greater lizardfish Status: native ca moi thuong FAMILY TRIGLIDAE Environment: marine Digenea Tubulovesicula marsupialia (GTO) Lepidotrygla sp. – Monogenoidea Status: native Osphyobothrus bychowskyi (GTO,SCS) Environment: marine

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Monogenoidea ? Henneguya schizura (MRD) Triglicola tonkinensis (GTO) Henneguya sp. (MRD) Zschokkella sp. (MRD) Digenea ORDER Clinostomum piscidium metacercaria (HG,MH,TG,MRD) FAMILY AMMODYTIDAE Digenea gen. sp. (MRD) Cestoda Proteocephalus sp . (MRD) Bleekeria viridianguilla (Fowler) – Nematoda Status: native – Neocamallanus trichogasterae (MRD) Enivronment: marine Acanthocephala Monogenoidea Pallisentis (Pallisentis ) nagpurensis (MRD) Pseudotetraonchoides bleekeriae (GTO) Remarks: The specific name was incorrectly given as “ anguillaviridis ” by Bykhovsky, Gusev and Trichogaster trichopterus three spot gourami Nagibina (1965). (Pallas) ca sac buom Status: native Environment: freshwater FAMILY ANABANTIDAE Myxozoa ? Henneguya schizura (MRD) Zschokkella parasiluri (MRD) Anabas testudineus (Bloch) climbing perch Monogenoidea Status: native ca ro dong Trianchoratus trichogasterium (MRD) Environment: freshwater, brackish Protozoa Trichodina nigra (MRD) FAMILY CARANGIDAE Tripartiella bulbosa (MRD) Myxozoa Henneguya schulmani (HN,MRD) Alectis indicus (Rüppell) Indian threadfin Digenea Status: native ca ong An do Coitocaecum plagiorchis (AG,MRD) Environment: marine, brackish Euclinostomum multicaecum Digenea metacercaria (DT,MRD) Digenea gen. sp. (GTO) Orientocreadium sp. (MRD) Hemiuroidea gen. sp. (SCS) Monogenoidea Pseudopecoeloides carangis (SCS) Heteronchocleidus sp. (MRD) Monogenoidea Trianchoratus gussevi (MRD) Gastrocotyle sp. (GTO,SCS) Cestoda Kannaphalllus virilis (GTO,SCS) Senga ophicephaliana (MRD) Cestoda Nematoda Cestoda gen. sp. (GTO) Camallanus (Zeylanema ) anabantis (MRD) Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid (GTO) Contracaecum rudolphii larva (MRD) Nematoda Acanthocephala Anisakis sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Pallisentis (Pallisentis ) nagpurensis (MRD) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) Copepoda Nematoda gen. sp. (GTO) Lamproglena chinensis (MRD) Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Ergasilus sp. (MRD)

Alepes melanoptera (Swainson) blackfin scad FAMILY BELONTIIDAE Syn.: Selar malam ca trao vay lung den (Bleeker) Status: native Trichogaster pectoralis snakeskin gourami Environment: marine, brackish (Regan) ca sac ran Digenea Status: native Digenea gen. sp. (GTO) Environment: freshwater Lecithocladium excisiforme (SCS) Myxozoa ? L. excisum (SCS)

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Tergestia laticollis (SCS) Status: native Cestoda Environment: marine, brackish Cestoda gen. sp. (GTO) Digenea Diphyllobothrium sp. plerocercoid (SCS) Bucephalus varicus (SCS) Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. plerocercus (GTO) Didymozoidae gen. sp. (SCS) Nematoda Digenea gen. sp. (GTO) Anisakis sp. larva (SCS) Dinurus selari (GTO,SCS) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Ectenurus selari (GTO) Nematoda gen. sp. (GTO) Opisthomonorcheides decapteri Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) (GTO,SCS) Cestoda Cestoda gen. sp. (GTO) Atropus atropos Cleftbelly trevally Diphyllobothrium sp. plerocercoid (SCS) (Bloch and Schneider) ca bao ao Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. plerocercus Status: native (GTO) Environment: marine Nematoda Digenea Anisakis sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Aponurus laguncula (GTO,SCS) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) Bucephalus varicus (SCS) Hysterothylacium chorinemi (SCS) Digenea gen. sp. (GTO) Nematoda gen. sp. (GTO) Dinurus selari (GTO,SCS) Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Gonocerca sp. (SCS) Gonocercella sp. (SCS) Lecithocladium harpodontis (SCS) Carangidae gen. sp. – Lecithochirium magnaporum (SCS) Status: native L. microstomum (SCS) Environment: marine L. monticellii (SCS) Digenea Parahemiurus merus (SCS) Aponurus laguncula (SCS) Cestoda Bucephalus varicus (SCS) Cestoda gen. sp. (GTO) Digenea gen. sp. (GTO) Nematoda Dinurus selari (SCS) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Ectenurus selari (SCS) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) E. trachuri (SCS) Nematoda gen. sp. (GTO) Hemiuroidea gen. sp. (SCS) Philometroides atropi (GTO,SCS) Opisthomonorchis carangis (SCS) Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Plerurus digitatus (GTO,SCS) Acanthocephala Tubulovesicula lindbergi (SCS) Serrasentis sagittifer (SCS) Monogenoidea Remarks: The specific name has been mispelled Bilaterocotyloides carangis (GTO) "atropus " by all authors. Heteromicrocotyla carangis (GTO,SCS) H. polyorchis (GTO,SCS) Heteromicrocotyla sp. (GTO) Atropus oreolatus (Schneider) – Cestoda Status: native – Cestoda gen. sp. (GTO) Environment: marine Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid (GTO,SCS) Digenea Tetraphyllidea gen. sp. plerocercoid Digenea gen. sp. (GTO) (GTO,SCS) Cestoda Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. plerocercus (SCS) Cestoda gen. sp. (GTO) Nematoda Nematoda Anisakis sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Nematoda gen. sp. (GTO) Nematoda gen. sp. (GTO) Remarks: We have been unable to verify the status Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) of this species.

Carangoides chrysophrys longnose trevally Atule mate (Cuvier) yellowtail scad (Cuvier) ca khe mom dai Syn.: Selar mate (Cuvier) ca trao Syn.: Caranx chrysophrys Cuvier

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Status: native Digenea Environment: marine, brackish Alcicornis carangis (GTO,SCS) Digenea Bucephalus varicus (SCS) Digenea gen. sp. (GTO) Digenea gen. sp. (GTO,SCS) Cestoda Ectenurus selari (GTO) Cestoda gen. sp. (GTO) E. trachuri (GTO,SCS) Nematoda Lecithocladium excisiforme (GTO,SCS) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) ? L. excisum (SCS) Nematoda gen. sp. (GTO) Tergestia laticollis (GTO,SCS) Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO) Monogenoidea Allodiscocotyla chorinemi (GTO,SCS) Allopseudaxine macrova (GTO,SCS) Caranx malabaricus (Bloch Pseudaxine trachuri (GTO,SCS) and Schneider) ca hieu Pseudaxinoides vietnamensis (GTO,SCS) Status: native Cestoda Environment: marine Cestoda gen. sp. (GTO) Digenea Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid (GTO) Alcicornis baylisi (SCS) Tetraphyllidea gen. sp. plerocercoid Lasiotocus tropicus (SCS) (GTO,SCS) Didymozoidae gen. sp. (SCS) Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. plerocercus Digenea gen. sp. (GTO,SCS) (GTO) Dinurus longisinus (SCS) Nematoda D. selari (GTO,SCS) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Lecithocladium seriolellae (SCS) Camallanus (Camallanus ) carangis (SCS) Lepidapedon megalaspi (GTO,SCS) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) Opisthomonorchis carangis (GTO,SCS) Nematoda gen. sp. (GTO) Tormopsolus carangi (SCS) Philometra sp. (SCS) T. filiformis (SCS) Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) T. orientalis (GTO,SCS) Monogenoidea Caballeraxine chainanica (GTO) Decapterus muroadsi amberstripe scad Heteromicrocotyla carangis (GTO,SCS) (Temminick and Schlegel) ca nuc so H. vaginispina (GTO,SCS) Status: native Heteromicrocotyla sp. (GTO,SCS) Environment: marine Kannaphalllus virilis (GTO,SCS) Cestoda Microcotyle sp. (GTO,SCS) Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid (GTO) Pseudaxine trachuri (GTO,SCS) Tetraphyllidea gen. sp. plerocercoid (GTO) Cestoda Nematoda Cestoda gen. sp. (GTO) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid (GTO) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Tetraphyllidea gen. sp. plerocercoid (GTO) Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. plerocercus (GTO) Nematoda Decapterus sp. – Anisakis sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Status: native Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Environment: marine Nematoda gen. sp. (GTO) Digenea Philometra sp. (GTO,SCS) Aponurus carangis (SCS) Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Digenea gen. sp. (GTO) Acanthocephala Dinurus selari (GTO,SCS) Rhadinorhynchus carangis (GTO,SCS) Erilepturus formosae (GTO) R. pristis (GTO,SCS) ? Lecithocladium excisum (GTO,SCS) Serrasentis sagittifer (SCS) L. harpodontis (SCS) Lepidapedon megalaspi (SCS) Neonotoporus decapteri (GTO,SCS) Caranx sp. – Opisthomonorcheides decapteri Status: native (GTO,SCS) Environment: marine Parahemiurus merus (SCS)

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Tergestia laticollis (SCS) Cestoda Monogenoidea Cestoda gen. sp. (GTO) Allodiscocotyla chorinemi (GTO,SCS) Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid (GTO) A. diacanthi (GTO,SCS) Nematoda Gastrocotyle trachuri (GTO,SCS) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Gastrocotyle sp. (GTO,SCS) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) Heteromicrocotyla sp. (GTO,SCS) Nematoda gen. sp. (GTO) Pseudaxine trachuri (GTO,SCS) Philometra sp. (SCS) Pseudaxinoides vietnamensis (GTO,SCS) Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Cestoda Cestoda gen. sp. (GTO) Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid (GTO) Parastromateus niger (Bloch) black pompfret Tetraphyllidea gen. sp. plerocercoid (GTO) Syn.: Formio niger (Bloch) ca chim den Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. plerocercus Status: native (GTO) Environment: marine, brackish Nematoda Digenea Anisakis sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Aponurus laguncula (GTO) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) A. pyriformis (GTO) Cucullanus decapteri (SCS) Huridostomum formionis (GTO) Nematoda gen. sp. (GTO) Lecithocladium apolecti (GTO) Philometra sp. (SCS) Leiomonorchis leiognathi (GTO) Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) L. ovacutus (GTO) Acanthocephala Opechona formiae (GTO) Neorhadinorhynchus nudus (SCS) Phyllodistomum strictum (GTO) Rhadinorhynchus ditrematus Prosorchis chainanensis (GTO) (GTH,GTO,SCS) Rhipidocotyle sp. metacercaria (GTO) Monogenoidea Bicotyle perpolita (GTO,SCS) Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskal) golden trevally ? Monaxine formionis (GTO) Syn.: Caranx speciosus (Forsskål) – Cestoda Status: native Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid (GTO) Environment: marine Otobothrium sp. plerocercus (GTO) Digenea Pterobothrium platycephalum plerocercus Digenea gen. sp. (GTO) (GTO) Hemiuroidea gen. sp. (SCS) Tetraphyllidea gen. sp. plerocercoid (GTO) Cestoda Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. plerocercus Cestoda gen. sp. (GTO) (GTO) Nematoda Nematoda Nematoda gen. sp. (GTO) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Philometra sp. (GTO) Remarks: The black pompfret is a marine species Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus) that enters estuaries (Froese and Pauly 2003). Status: native ca song Environment: marine Digenea Scomberoides lysan doublespotted queenfish Aponurus laguncula (GTO,SCS) (Forsskål) ca be Bucephalus fragilis (SCS) Syn.: Chorinemus lysan (Forsskål) Digenea gen. sp. (GTO,SCS) Status: native Ectenurus selari (GTO) Environment: marine, brackish Hemiuroidea gen. sp. (SCS) Digenea Lasiotocus tropicus (SCS) Bucephalus fragilis (SCS) Lecithocladium megalaspis (SCS) Digenea gen. sp. (SCS) Lepidapedon megalaspi (GTO,SCS) Gonocerca sp. (SCS) Opecoelus sp. (SCS) Gonocercella sp. (SCS) Pseudopecoeloides carangis (SCS) Lintonium vibex (SCS) Tergestia laticollis (SCS) Parahemiurus merus (SCS) Monogenoidea Phyllodistomum carangis (SCS) Bilaterocotyloides carangis (GTO,SCS) Stephanostomum ditrematis (SCS)

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Monogenoidea Selar sp. – Allodiscocotyla chorinemi (GTO,SCS) Status: native Vallisia chorinemi (GTO,SCS) Environment: marine Cestoda Nematoda Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid (GTO) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) Nematoda Nematoda gen. sp. (GTO) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Buckleyella buckleyi (SCS) Camallanus (Camallanus ) carangis (SCS) Selaroides leptolepis (Cuvier) yellowstripe scad Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) Status: native ca chi vang Hysterothylacium chorinemi (SCS) Environment: marine, brackish Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Digenea Acanthocephala Digenea gen. sp. (GTO) Serrasentis sagittifer (SCS) Dinurus selari (SCS) Remarks: Froese and Pauly (2003) note that adults Lecithocladium excisiforme (SCS) are found in clear lagoons and seaward reefs, Tergestia laticollis (SCS) while juveniles inhabit shallow inshore and Monogenoidea brackish waters. Heteromicrocotyla sp. (GTO,SCS) Pseudaxinoides vietnamensis (GTO,SCS) Cestoda Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch) bigeye scad Cestoda gen. sp. (GTO) Syn.: Caranx ca be trao mat to Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid (GTO) crumenophthalmus (Bloch) Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. plerocercus Status: native (GTO) Environment: marine Nematoda Digenea Anisakis sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Aponurus carangis (GTO) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) A. laguncula (GTO,SCS) Nematoda gen. sp. (GTO) Bucephalus varicus (SCS) Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Didymozoidae gen. sp. (SCS) Digenea gen. sp. (GTO,SCS) Dinurus selari (GTO,SCS) Selaroides sp. – Ectenurus selari (GTO) Status: native E. trachuri (GTO,SCS) Environment: marine Ectenurus sp. (GTO) Cestoda ?Lecithocladium excisum (GTO,SCS) Nybelinia sp. plerocercoid (GTO) L. harpodontis (SCS) Nematoda L. seriolellae (SCS) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Lecithochirium monticellii (SCS) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) Proctotrema sp. (SCS) Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO) Tergestia laticollis (SCS) Monogenoidea Gastrocotyle trachuri (GTO,SCS) Seriola dumerili (Risso) greater amberjack Heteraxine heterocerca (GTO,SCS) Status: native ca cam Pseudaxinoides vietnamensis (GTO,SCS) Environment: marine Vallisia chorinemi (GTO,SCS) Digenea Cestoda Acanthocolpus orientalis (SCS) Cestoda gen. sp. (GTO) Bucephalus paraheterotentaculatus (SCS) Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid (GTO,SCS) Digenea gen. sp. (GTO) Tetraphyllidea gen. sp. plerocercoid (GTO) Stephanostomum ditrematis (SCS) Nematoda Monogenoidea Anisakis sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Pseudaxinoides vietnamensis (GTO,SCS) Camallanus (Camallanus ) carangis (SCS) Tonkinaxine homocerca (GTO,SCS) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) Cestoda Nematoda gen. sp. (GTO) Cestoda gen. sp. (GTO) Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Nybelinia sp. plerocerocid (GTO) Acanthocephala Nematoda Gorgorhynchus medius (GTO) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO)

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Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) FAMILY CEPOLIDAE Nematoda gen. sp. (GTO) Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Acanthocepola limbata (Valenciennes) – Status: native ca re cau Seriola sp. – Environment: marine Status: native Cestoda Environment: marine Oncomegas wageneri plerocercus (GTO) Monogenoidea Tetraphyllidea gen. sp. plerocercoid (GTO) Heteromicrocotyla carangis (GTO,SCS) Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. plerocercus Microcotyle hemiatriospinalis (GTO,SCS) (GTO) Tonkinaxine homocerca (GTO,SCS) Nematoda Cestoda Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid (GTO) Nematoda Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Cepola schlegelii Bleeker – Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) Status: native – Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO) Environment: marine Cestoda Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid (GTO) Seriolina nigrofasciata blackbanded trevally Oncomegas wageneri plerocercus (GTO) (Rüppell) ca cam van Otobothrium sp. plerocercus (GTO) Syn.: Seriola nigrofasciata (Rüppell) Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. plerocercus Status: native (GTO) Environment: marine Nematoda Digenea Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Acanthocolpus orientalis (SCS) Aponurus laguncula (GTO,SCS) Bucephalus gorgon (GTO) Cepola sp. – B. introversus (SCS) Status: native Bucephalus paraheterotentaculatus (SCS) Environment: marine Didymozoidae gen. sp. (SCS) Cestoda Digenea gen. sp. (GTO) Oncomegas wageneri plerocercus (GTO) Hemiuroidea gen. sp. (SCS) Otobothrium sp. plerocercus (GTO) Hirudinella ventricosa (SCS) Nematoda Lecithochirium sp. (SCS) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Lecithaster stellatus (SCS) Stephanostomum ditrematis (SCS) S. hispidum (SCS) FAMILY CHANNIDAE S. imparispine metacercaria (SCS) Monogenoidea Heteromicrocotyla carangis (SCS) Channa lucius (Cuvier) – Tonkinaxine homocerca (GTO) Syn.: Ophicephalus lucius Cuvier ca day Cestoda Status: native Cestoda gen. sp. (GTO) Environment: freshwater Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid (GTO) Digenea Nematoda Apophallus sp. metacercaria (AG,MRD) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Monogenoidea Camallanus (Camallanus ) carangis (SCS) Trianchoratus pahangensis (MRD) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) Nematoda Nematoda gen. sp. (GTO) Procamallanus (Procamallanus ) Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) malaccensis (MRD) Remarks: Soviet authors have consistently Spinitectus ophicephali (MRD) mispelled the specific name as Acanthocephala “nigrophasciata .” Pallisentis (Pallisentis ) nagpurensis (MRD) Pallisentis sp. (MRD) Copepoda Lamproglena chinensis (MRD)

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Remarks: The generic name of the junior synonym Cestoda is frequently misspelled " Ophiocephalus ." ? Proteocephalus sagittus (MRD) Proteocephalus sp . (MRD) Senga parva (MRD) Channa maculata (Lacepède) – Senga sp . (MRD) Syn.: Ophicephalus maculatus ca qua, ca chuoi Nematoda Lacepède Contracaecum rudolphii larva (MRD) Status: native Gnathostoma hispidum larva (MRD) Environment: freshwater Acanthocephala Digenea Pallisentis (Pallisentis ) nagpurensis (MRD) Azygia hwangtsiyui (HN) Branchiura Isoparorchis hypselobagri (HN) Argulus chinensis (MRD) Monogenoidea Argulus sp. (AG,MRD) Gyrodactylus maculati (HN) Copepoda Nematoda Lernaea cyprinacea (MRD) Gnathostoma hispidum larva (HN) Remarks: The generic name of the junior synonym Neocamallanus maculati (HN) is frequently misspelled " Ophiocephalus ." Pingus sinensis (BK,HN) Protoleptinae gen. sp. larva (HN) Spinitectus ophicephali (HN) Channa striata (Bloch) snakehead murrel Acanthocephala Syn.: Ophicephalus striatus Bloch ca loc 127 Pallisentis ( Brevitritospinus ) Status: native vietnamensis (HN) Environment: freshwater Remarks: The generic name of the junior synonym Protozoa is frequently misspelled " Ophiocephalus ." Apiosoma minutum (MRD) Trichodina nigra (MRD) Digenea Channa micropeltes (Cuvier) giant snakehead Azygia hwangtsiyui (MRD) Syn.: Ophicephalus micropeltes ca loc bong 126 Monogenoidea Cuvier Gyrodactylus ophiocephali (MRD) Status: native Heteronchocleidus sp. (MRD) Environment: freshwater Trianchoratus ophicephali (MRD) Protozoa Cestoda Epistylidae gen. sp. (MRD) ? Proteocephalus sagittus (MRD) Epistylis sp. (MRD) Senga ophicephaliana (MRD) Chilodonella piscicola (MRD) Senga sp . (MRD) Cryptobia branchialis (MRD) Nematoda ? Trichodina gasterostei (MRD) Contracaecum rudolphii larva (MRD) T. mutabilis (MRD) Neocamallanus maculati (MRD) T. nigra (MRD) N. ophicephali (MRD) T. nobillis (MRD) Philometra sp. (MRD) T. pediculus (MRD) Spinitectus ophicephali (MRD) Tripartiella bulbosa (MRD) Acanthocephala Tripartiella sp. (MRD) Pallisentis (Pallisentis ) nagpurensis (MRD) Myxozoa P. (Demidueterospinus ) ophiocephali Henneguya ophiocephali (MRD) (MRD) Myxobilatus sp. (AG,MRD) Pallisentis sp. (MRD) ? Myxobolus oblongus (MRD) Branchiura Myxobolus sp. (MRD) Argulus chinensis (MRD) Monogenoidea Argulus sp. (MRD) Gyrodactylus ophiocephali (MRD) Copepoda Monogenoidea gen. sp. (MRD) Ergasilus sp. (MRD) Sundanonchus foliaceus (MRD) Lamproglena chinensis (MRD) S. micropeltis (MRD) Lernaea cyprinacea (MRD) Sundanonchus sp. (MRD) L. lophiara (MRD)

126 In the parasitological literature for Vietnam, the host 127 Ca sop and ca trau are other Vietnamese common common name is often given as "ca bong". names for this species.

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Remarks: The specific name is often misspelled T. mutabilis (MRD,NV) "striatus ," while the generic name of the junior T. nigra (MRD,NV) synonym is frequently misspelled T. orientalis (MRD,NV) "Ophiocephalus ." T. pediculus (NV) Tripartiella bulbosa (QN,MRD) T. clavodonta (MRD) Channa sp. – T. obtusa (NV) Syn.: Ophicephalus sp. Myxozoa Nematoda ? Myxobolus exiguus (MRD,NV) Neocamallanus ophicephali (HN) Digenea Pingus sinensis (HN) Centrocestus formosanus metacercaria (MRD,NV) Monogenoidea FAMILY CHAETODONTIDAE Cichlidogyrus sclerosus (MRD,NV) C. tilapiae (MRD,NV) Gyrodactylus niloticus (MRD) Chaetodon sp. – G. sprostonae (NV) Status: native Hirudinea Environment: marine ?Piscicola geometra (QN,MRD) Digenea Branchiura Hurleytrematoides chaetodoni (GTO) Argulus japonicus (MRD,NV) Copepoda ? Caligus lacustris (QN) Chaetodontidae sp. – Caligus sp. (MRD) Status: native Remarks: According to DIAS (1998), Nile tilapia Environment: marine were introduced from in 1973 and from Nematoda the Philippines in 1994 for aquaculture Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) purposes, and the species is now established in the wild.

FAMILY CICHLIDAE Oreochromis sp. tilapia, red tilapia Includes: Tilapia sp. auctorum ca ro phi, Oreochromis mossambicus Mossambique tilapia Status: exotic ca ro phi do (Peters) ca ro phi Environment: freshwater Syn.: Tilapia mossambica (Peters) Protozoa Status: exotic Apiosoma minutum (MRD) Environment: freshwater, brackish Chilodonella sp. (BN) Protozoa Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (MRD) Apiosoma piscicolum cylindriformis (NV) Ichthyophthirius sp. (-) Chilodonella piscicola (NV) Trichodina sp. (BD) Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (NV) Monogenoidea Trichodina pediculus (NV) Cichlidogyrus sclerosus (MRD) C. tilapiae (MRD) Cichlidogyrus sp. (MRD) Oreochromis niloticus niloticus Nile tilapia Branchiura (Linnaeus) ca ro phi van Argulus sp. (HP) Status: exotic Remarks: All tilapias introduced to Viet Nam are Environment: freshwater, brackish currently placed in the genus Oreochromis . Protozoa Apiosoma minutum (QN) Goussia sp. (NV) FAMILY DREPANEIDAE Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (MRD,NV) Paratrichodina incissa (MRD,NV) Trichodina acuta (MRD,NV) Drepane longimana concertina fish T. centrostrigata (MRD,NV) (Bloch and Schneider) ca khien dai ? T. domerguei (MRD) Status: native T. heterodentata (MRD,NV) Environment: marine, brackish

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Digenea Camallanus sp. (SCS) Paradiscogaster drepanei (GTO) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Trigonotrema alatum (GTO) Echinocephalus spinosissimus larva (SCS) Monogenoidea Echinocephalus sp. larva (SCS) Ancyrocephalus bilobatus (GTO) Nematoda gen. sp. (GTO) Nematoda Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Pseudocapillaria ( Pseudocapillaria ) echenei (SCS) Raphidascaris sp. larva (SCS) Drepane punctata (Linnaeus) spotted sicklefish Spinitectus echenei (SCS) Status: native ca hien van Acanthocephala Environment: marine, brackish Acanthocephala gen. sp. (GTO) Digenea Serrasentis sagittifer (SCS) epinepheli (GTO) Aphanurus stossichi (GTO) Aponurus laguncula (GTO) FAMILY ELEOTRIDAE Diploproctia drepanei (GTO) Gonocercella pacifica (GTO) Paradiscogaster drepanei (GTO) Bunaka gyrinoides (Bleeker) greenback gauvina Rhipidocotyle sp. metacercaria (GTO) Status: native – Trigonotrema alatum (GTO) Environment: freshwater Monogenoidea Myxozoa Ancyrocephalus bilobatus (GTO) Henneguya shaharini (MRD) A. parspinicirrus (GTO) A. spinicirrus (GTO) Cestoda Oxyeleotris marmorata Bleeker marble goby Grillotia sp. plerocercus (GTO) Syn.: Philypnus marmoratus ca bong tuong Otobothrium sp. plerocercus (GTO) (Bleeker) Tetraphyllidea gen. sp. plerocercoid (GTO) Status: native Nematoda Environment: freshwater Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Protozoa Cucullanus sp. (GTO) Apiosoma minutum (MRD) Remarks: According to Froese and Pauly (2003), Apiosoma sp. (MRD) this species occurs in inshore habitats on sand Epistylidae gen. sp. (MRD) or mud bottoms, reefs, estuaries and harbors. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (MRD) Protozoa gen. sp. (MRD) ? Trichodina jadranica (MRD) FAMILY ECHENEIDAE T. mutabilis (MRD) T. nigra (MRD) T. siluri (MRD) Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus live sharksucker Trichodinidae gen. sp. (MRD) Status: native ca chep Myxozoa Environment: marine, brackish Henneguya shaharini (MRD) Digenea Henneguya sp. (MRD) Didymozoidae gen. sp. (SCS) Myxobolus sp. (MRD) Digenea gen. sp. (GTO) Monogenoidea Lecithochirium monticellii (SCS) Monogenoidea gen. sp. (MRD) Stephanostomum imparispine metacercaria Pseudodactylogyrus sp. (MRD) (SCS) Cestoda Tormopsolus echenei (GTO,SCS) ? Proteocephalus gobiorum (MRD) Tubulovesicula lindbergi (SCS) Nematoda Cestoda Contracaecum rudolphii larva (MRD) Cestoda gen. sp. (GTO) Pingus sinensis (MRD) Tetraphyllidea gen. sp. plerocercoid (SCS) Procamallanus sp. (MRD) Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. plerocercus (SCS) Acanthocephala Nematoda Pallisentis (Pallisentis ) nagpurensis (MRD) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO,SCS) Hirudinea Ascarophis sp. (SCS) ? Caspiobdella fadejewi (MRD)

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Branchiura Platax orbicularis (Forsskål) orbicular batfish Argulus sp. (MRD) Status: native ca tai tuong Copepoda Environment: marine, brackish Ergasilus philippinensis (MRD) Digenea Ergasilus sp. (MRD) Aponurus pyriformis (GTO) Lernaea lophiara (MRD) Diploproctodeum plataxi (GTO) L. oryzophila (SV) D. rutellum (GTO) Lernaea sp. (MRD) Multitestis magnacetabulum (GTO) Remarks: The generic name is often misspelled Multtubovarium amphibolum (GTO) “Oxyleotris ”, while the specific name is Opecoelus sphaericus (GTO) frequently misspelled “ marmoratus ”. Prosogonotrema clupeae (GTO) Monogenoidea Sessilorbis limopharynx (GTO) Oxyeleotris urophthalmus (Bleeker) – Sprostoniella multitestis (GTO) Syn.: Oxyeleotris siamensis ca bong dua Cestoda (Günther) Grillotia sp. plerocercus (GTO) Status: native Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid (GTO) Environment: marine, brackish Otobothrium sp. plerocercus (GTO) Myxozoa Pterobothrium platycephalum plerocercus Henneguya shaharini (MRD) (GTO) Cestoda Nematoda ? Proteocephalus gobiorum (MRD) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Acanthocephala Pallisentis (Pallisentis ) nagpurensis (MRD) Remarks: The synonymy is provided by M. FAMILY GERREIDAE Kottelat (pers. comm.). Although Froese and Pauly (2003) indicate that this species is marine, Vietnamese records Gerres filamentosus Cuvier whipfin silverbiddy are from the Mekong River Delta, indicating that Status: native ca mom gai dai it may enter brackish waters. Environment: marine, brackish, freshwater Digenea Bucephalus sp. (GTO) FAMILY Homalometron sp. (GTO) Lecithocladium apolecti (GTO) Opegaster parapristopomatis (GTO) Ephippus orbis (Bloch) orbfish Rhipidocotyle sp. metacercaria (GTO) Status: native ca tai tuong tron Monogenoidea Environment: marine Ancyrocephalus macrogaster (GTO) Digenea A. scapulasser (GTO) Aphanurus stossichi (GTO) Nematoda Diploproctodaeum rutellum (GTO) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Lecithocladium apolecti (GTO) Capillaria sp. (GTO) Lepocreadium sp. (GTO) Acanthocephala Multitestis magnacetabulum (GTO) Serrasentis sagittifer (GTO) Opecoelus sphaericus (GTO) Remarks: This fish is noted by Froese and Pauly Prosogonotrema clupeae (GTO) (2003) to be a marine species that may enter lakes Prosorchis chainanensis (GTO) and lower freshwater reaches of rivers. Juveniles Pseudosteringophorus sp. (GTO) are found in brackish estuaries and Rhipidocotyle sp. metacercaria (GTO) sometimes enter freshwater. Stephanostomum sp. (GTO) Trigonotrema alatum (GTO) Cestoda Gerres sp. – Otobothrium sp. plerocercus (GTO) Status: native Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. plerocercus Environment: marine (GTO) Monogenoidea Nematoda Incisaxine dubia (GTO) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Nematoda Anisakis sp. larva (GTO)

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Acanthocephala Podocotyloides petalophallus (GTO) Serrasentis sagittifer (GTO) Pseudallacanthochasmus plectorhynchi (GTO) Monogenoidea FAMILY Diplectanum sp. (GTO)

Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton) Plectorhinchus sp. – Status: native ca bong cat Status: native Environment: freshwater, brackish, marine Environment: marine Cestoda Digenea ? Proteocephalus gobiorum (MRD) Lasiotocus macrorchis (GTO) Nematoda L. plectorhynchi (GTO) Cucullanus cyprini (MRD) Podocotyloides petalophallus (GTO) Procamallanus (Procamallanus ) Monogenoidea glossogobii (MRD) Encotyllabe spari (GTO) Acanthocephala Cleaveius longirostris (HN) Pallisentis (Pallisentis ) nagpurensis (MRD) Pomadasys hasta (Bloch) silver grunt 128 Copepoda Status: native ca sao Ergasilus philippinensis (MRD) Environment: marine, brackish, freshwater Remarks: Although Froese and Pauly (2003) note Digenea that the tank goby is found mainly in freshwater Aephnidiogenes barbarus (GTO) and estuaries, but also enters the sea, M. Lasiotocus cacuminatus (GTO) Kottelat (pers. comm.) considers this species to L. chaetodipteri (GTO) be marine and brackish, with another species, L. cryptastoma (GTO) Glossogobius aureus Akihito and Meguro, Monorchis diplovarium (GTO) being more frequent in freshwater. Proctotrema sp. (GTO) Monogenoidea Ancyrocephalus unicirrus (GTO) Rhinogobius giurinus (Rutter, 1897) – Intracotyle orientale (GTO) Syn.: Rhinogobius hadropterus ca bong da Cestoda (Jordon and Snyder) Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid (GTO) Status: native Otobothrium sp. plerocercus (GTO) Environment: freshwater, brackish, marine Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. plerocercus Nematoda (GTO) Rhabdochona ( Rhabdochona ) hakyi (HN) Nematoda R. (Rhabdochona ) vietnamensis (HN) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Acanthocephala Acanthocephala Cleaveius longirostris (HN) Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis ) indicus Remarks: M. Kottelat (pers. comm.) notes that (GTO) Rhinogobius giurinus is a Chinese species and Serrasentis sagittifer (GTO) cautions that these records may involve host Tegorhynchus multacanthus (GTO) misidentifications, due to the large number of endemic species of Rhinogobius in Viet Nam. FAMILY HELOSTOMATIDAE

FAMILY HAEMULIDAE Helostoma temminckii Cuvier kissing gourami Status: exotic ca mui (huong) Plectorhinchus cinctus crescent sweetlips Environment: freshwater (Temminck and Schlegel) – Protozoa Status: native Cryptobia branchialis (MRD) Environment: marine Protozoa gen. sp. (MRD) Digenea Trichodina nigra (MRD) Lasiotocus macrorchis (GTO) L. plectorhynchi (GTO) Lepocreadiidae gen. sp. (GTO) 128 No common name is recognized by Froese and Pauly (2003).

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T. siluri (MRD) Acanthocephala Trichodina sp. (MRD) Tegorhynchus multacanthus (GTO) Trichodinidae gen. sp. (MRD) Tripartiella bulbosa (MRD) Tripartiella sp. (MRD) Leiognathidae gen. sp. – Monogenoidea Status: native Gyrodactylus squaliobarbi (MRD) Environment: marine Copepoda Digenea Ergasilus sp. (MRD) Didymozoidae gen. sp. (GTO) Lecithocladium apolecti (GTO) Leiomonorchis leiognathi (GTO) FAMILY ISTIOPHORIDAE Opechona formiae (GTO) Rhipidocotyle sp. metacercaria (GTO) Cestoda Makaira sp. – Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid (GTO) Status: native Otobothrium sp. plerocercus (GTO) Environment: marine Nematoda Digenea Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Cardicola grandis (GTO) Philometra sp. (GTO) Cestoda Acanthocephala Bothriocephalus manubriformis (GTO) Tegorhynchus multacanthus (GTO) Nematoda Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) FAMILY

FAMILY LEIOGNATHIDAE Gymnocranius griseus grey large-eye bream (Temminck and Schlegel) ca bach dieu Status: native Leiognathus equulus (Forsskål) common ponyfish Environment: marine Status: native ca liet lon Digenea Environment: marine, brackish, freshwater Rhipidocotyle sp. metacercaria (GTO) Digenea Monogenoidea Didymozoidae gen. sp. (GTO) Encotyllabe spari (GTO) Leiomonorchis leiognathi (GTO) Lethrinaxine parva (GTO) Rhipidocotyle sp. metacercaria (GTO) Cestoda Cestoda Otobothrium sp. plerocercus (GTO) Otobothrium sp. plerocercus (GTO) Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. plerocercus (GTO) Nematoda Nematoda Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Acanthocephala Ascarophis sp. (GTO) Tegorhynchus multacanthus (GTO) Cucullanus sp. (GTO) Remarks: The common ponyfish is found in river Acanthocephala mouths and muddy inshore areas and frequently Serrasentis sagittifer (GTO) ascends into freshwater reaches of rivers (Froese and Pauly 2003). FAMILY

Leiognathus sp. – Status: native Lutjanus lutjanus Bloch bigeye snapper Environment: marine Syn.: Lutjanus lineolatus ca hong trung Digenea (Rüppell) Aponurus laguncula (GTO) Status: native Cestoda Environment: marine Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid (GTO) Monogenoidea Otobothrium sp. plerocercus (GTO) Megalocotyle lutiani (GTO) Nematoda Nematoda Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO)

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Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO) FAMILY MENIDAE

Lutjanus russellii (Bleeker) Russell’s snapper Mene maculata Bloch and Schneider moonfish Status: native ca hong cham den Status: native ca luoi bua Environment: marine, brackish Environment: marine, brackish Monogenoidea Digenea Lutianicola haifonensis (GTO) Dinurus sp. (GTO) Nematoda Lecithocladium sp. (GTO) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Lecithochirium sp. (GTO) Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO) Cestoda Acanthocephala Nybelinia sp. plerocercoid (GTO) Serrasentis sagittifer (GTO) Pterobothrium platycephalum plerocercus Remarks: The generic and specific names are (GTO) frequently misspelled “ Lutianus ” and "russeli ”, Tetraphyllidea gen. sp. plerocercoid (GTO) respectively. Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. plerocercus Froese and Pauly (2003) note that (GTO) juveniles are found in mangrove estuaries and Nematoda lower reaches of freshwater streams. Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO)

Lutjanus sebae (Cuvier) emperor red snapper Status: native ca hong lang FAMILY MUGILIDAE Environment: marine, brackish Monogenoidea Lutianicola haifonensis (GTO) Mugil cephalus Linnaeus flathead Nematoda Status: native ca doi muc Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Environment: marine, brackish, freshwater Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) Monogenoidea Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO) Ligophorus macrocolpos (MRD)

Lutjanus sp. – FAMILY NANDIDAE Status: native ca hong Environment: marine Digenea Pristolepis fasciata (Bleeker) catopra Prosogonotrema bilabiatum (GTO) Status: native ca ro bien Environment: freshwater Monogenoidea Pristipomoides typus Bleeker sharptooth jobfish Sundanonchus triradicatus (MRD) Status: native ca hong tía Environment: marine Digenea FAMILY OSPHRONEMIDAE Paracryptogonimus echinostomus (GTO) Prosogonotrema bilabiatum (GTO) Pseudosiphoderoides longus (GTO) Osphronemus goramy Lacepède giant gourami Status: native ca tai tuong Environment: freshwater FAMILY MALACANTHIDAE Protozoa Apiosoma minutum (MRD) Cryptobia branchialis (MRD) Brachiostegus japonicus (Houttuyn) red tilefish Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (MRD) Syn.: Latilus japonicus (Houttuyn) – Ichthyophthirius sp. (MRD) Status: native Protozoa gen. sp. (MRD) Environment: marine Trichodina domerguei (MRD) Digenea ? T. jadranica (MRD) Trigonotrema alatum (GTO) T. mutabilis (MRD) Trichodina sp. (MRD)

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Tripartiella bulbosa (MRD) Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus) cobia Myxozoa Status: native ca gio Henneguya sp. (MRD) Environment: marine, brackish Digenea Digenea Centrocestus formosanus metacercaria (MRD) Aponurus carangis (GTO) Masenia collata metacercaria (MRD) Bucephalus varicus (GTO) Remarks: The specific name has been frequently Derogenes varicus (GTO) misspelled as “ gouramy ” and “ gorami ” by Didymozoidae gen. sp. (GTO) Vietnamese authors. Digenea gen. sp. (GTO) Dinurus selari (GTO) Hemiuroidea gen. sp. (GTO) FAMILY POLYNEMIDAE Lepidapedon megalaspi (GTO) Neometanematobothrioides rachycentri (GTO,SCS) Eleutheronema tetradactylum fourfinger threadfin Paracryptogonimus morosovi (GTO,SCS) (Shaw) ca nhu lon Phyllodistomum parukhini (GTO) Status: native Stephanostomum imparispine metacercaria Environment: marine, brackish, freshwater (GTO) Nematoda Tormopsolus filiformis (GTO,SCS) Bulbocephalus deblocki (HCM) Tubulovesicula angusticauda (GTO) Remarks: Froese and Pauly (2003) note that the Cestoda fourfinger threadfin is found in shallow coastal Cestoda gen. sp. (GTO) waters and enters rivers; juveniles occur in Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. plerocercus estuaries. (GTO) Nematoda Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Polynemus plebeius (Broussonet) striped threadfin Iheringascaris inquies (GTO,SCS) Status: native – Nematoda gen. sp. (GTO) Environment: marine, brackish Philometroides sp. (GTO) Nematoda Acanthocephala Bulbocephalus petterae (HCM) Serrasentis sagittifer (GTO,SCS) Remarks: The specific name has been misspelled “canadus ” by most authors, while the generic FAMILY POMACENTRIDAE name was occasionally misspelled “Rhachicentron ”.

Dascyllus trimaculatus threespot dascyllus (Rüppell) – FAMILY SCIAENIDAE Status: native Environment: marine Digenea Sciaenidae gen. sp. – Hysterolecitha nahaensis (SCS) Status: native Environment: marine Digenea FAMILY PRIACANTHIDAE Erilepturus sp. (GTO) Metadena eurystoma (GTO) Pleorchis sciaenae (GTO) Priacanthus tayenus purple-spotted bigeye Pycnadenoides pagrosomi (GTO) Richardson – Rhipidocotyle sp. metacercaria (GTO) Status: native Stephanostomum sp. metacercaria (GTO) Environment: marine Digenea Didymozoon polymorphis (GTO) FAMILY SCOMBRIDAE

FAMILY RACHYCENTRIDAE Euthynnus affinis (Cantor) kawakawa Status: native – Environment: marine

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Digenea Scomberomorus sp. – Cardicola congruenta (GTO) Status: native Environment: marine Digenea Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier) Indian Phyllodistomum notosinicum (GTO) Status: native ca bac ma Nematoda Environment: marine Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Digenea Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) Lecithocladium apolecti (GTO) Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO) Cestoda Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid (GTO) Nematoda Scombridae gen. sp. – Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Includes: "pelamida" of Lebedev, 1970 Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) Status: native Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO) Environment: marine Monogenoidea Dawesia incisa (GTO) Scomberomorus commerson narrow- barred Pricea multae (GTO) (Lacepède) Spanish mackerel Cestoda Status: native ca thu au Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid (GTO) Environment: marine Nematoda Digenea Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Lintonium vibex (GTO) Camallanus (Camallanus ) carangis (GTO) Monogenoidea Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) Cathucotyle cathuaui (GTO,SCS) Hysterothylacium saba (GTO) Dawesia incisa (GTO) Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO) Gotocotyla laticauda (GTO) Pricea multae (GTO) Cestoda FAMILY Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid (GTO) Nematoda Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Epinephelus bruneus Bloch longtooth grouper Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) Syn.: Epinephelus moara – Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO) (Temminck and Schlegel) Status: native Environment: marine Scomberomorus guttatus Indo-Pacific Protozoa (Bloch and Schneider) king mackerel Brooklynella hostilis (GTO) Syn .: Scomberomorus leopardus (Shaw) – Trichodina sp. (GTO) Status: native Digenea Environment: marine, brackish Ectenurus selari (GTO) Monogenoidea Prosorhynchus epinepheli (GTO) Cathucotyle cathuaui (GTO,SCS) Monogenoidea Dawesia incisa (GTO) Benedenia epinepheli (GTO) Gotocotyla secunda (GTO) Benedenia sp. (GTO) Pricea multae (GTO) Diplectanum hargisi (GTO) Cestoda Haliotrema sp. (GTO) Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid (GTO) Pseudorhabdosynochus epinepheli (GTO) Nematoda Remarks: Froese and Pauley (2003) note that the Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) longtooth grouper is known only from the Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) of Korea, Japan (north to Hegura-jima Island), Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO) China (south to and Hainan Island), Remarks: This species is a pelagic migratory fish and Taiwan. inhabiting coastal waters and sometimes entering turbid estuaries (Froese and Pauly 2003). Epinephelus merra Bloch honeycomb grouper Status: native – Environment: marine

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Digenea Bicotyle perpolita (GTO,SCS) Tubulovesicula angusticauda (SCS) Nematoda Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) Epinephelus sexfasciatus sixbar grouper Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO) (Valenciennes) ca song sau soc Status: native Environment: marine FAMILY TERAPONTIDAE Protozoa Brooklynella hostilis (GTO) Trichodina sp. (GTO) Therapon theraps (Cuvier) largescaled therapon Digenea Status: native ca cang vay lon Ectenurus selari (GTO) Environment: marine, brackish, freshwater Helicometra fasciata (GTO) Digenea Prosorhynchus epinepheli (GTO) Complexobursa vjetnamensis (GTO) Monogenoidea Ectenurus theraponae (GTO) Benedenia epinepheli (GTO) Hemiuroidea gen. sp. (GTO) Benedenia sp. (GTO) Opecoelina vixiintestina (GTO) Diplectanum hargisi (GTO) Remarks: The largescaled therapon inhabits Haliotrema sp. (GTO) coastal areas and is often found in brackish Pseudorhabdosynochus cupatum (GTO) waters (Froese and Pauly 2003).

Epinephelus tauvina ( Forsskål) greasy grouper FAMILY URANOSCOPIDAE Status: native ca song mo Environment: marine Protozoa Ichthyscopus lebeck lebeck – Brooklynella hostilis (GTO) (Bloch and Schneider) – Trichodina sp. (GTO) Status: native Digenea Environment: marine Ectenurus selari (GTO) Monogenoidea Prosorhynchus epinepheli (GTO) Paratetraonchoides inermis (GTO) Monogenoidea Pavlovskioides ichthyoscopi (GTO) Benedenia epinepheli (GTO) Benedenia sp. (GTO) Diplectanum hargisi (GTO) FAMILY XIPHIIDAE Haliotrema sp. (GTO) Pseudorhabdosynochus epinepheli (GTO) Copepoda Xiphias sp. – Lepeophtheirus sp. (GTO) Status: native Lernaeocera branchialis (GTO) Environment: marine Isopoda Nematoda Corallana sp. (GTO) Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) Hysterothylacium incurvum (GTO) FAMILY STROMATEIDAE

ORDER PLEURONECTIFORMES Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen) silver Status: native ca chim FAMILY PSETTODIDAE Environment: marine Digenea Aphanurus stossichi (GTO) Psettodes erumei Indian spiny turbot Bathycotyle sp. (GTO) (Bloch and Schneider) – Lecithocladium pampi (GTO,SCS) Status: native Opechona formiae (GTO) Environment: marine Prosorchis chainanensis (GTO) Digenea Monogenoidea Didymozoidae gen. sp. (GTO)

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Digenea gen. sp. (GTO) Tetraphyllidea gen. sp. plerocercoid (GTO) Gonocercella sp. (GTO) Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. plerocercus Monilicaecum ventricosum (GTO) (GTH,GTO) Phyllodistomum psettodi (GTO) Nematoda Rhipidocotyle laruei (GTO) Anisakis sp. larva (GTH,GTO) Stephanostomum imparispine Contracaecum sp. larva (GTH,GTO) metacercaria (GTO,SCS) Echinocephalus spinosissimus larva (GTO) Stephanostomum sp. metacercaria (GTO) Philometra balistii (GTH,GTO) Tormopsolus echenei (GTO) Philometra sp. (GTH,GTO) Torticaecum fenestratum (GTO) Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTH,GTO) Tubulovesicula lindbergi (GTO) Acanthocephala Cestoda Gorgorhynchus sp. (GTO) Cestoda gen. sp. (GTO) Serrasentis sagittifer (GTH,GTO) Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. plerocercus (GTO) Nematoda FAMILY MONACANTHIDAE Anisakis sp. larva (GTO) Camallanus sp. (GTO) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) Aluterus monoceros unicorn leatherjacket ? Cucullanus heterochrous (GTO) (Linnaeus) – Nematoda gen. sp. (GTO,SCS) Status: native Philometra sp. (GTO) Environment: marine Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO) Digenea Acanthocephala Hypocreadium scaphosomum (GTO) Acanthocephala gen. sp. (GTO) Lintonium vibex (GTO) Serrasentis sagittifer (GTO) Plectognathotrema ovata (GTO) Stephanostomum imparispine metacercaria (GTO) ORDER Tetrochetus hansoni (GTO) Cestoda FAMILY BALISTIDAE Otobothrium sp. plerocercus (GTO) Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. plerocercus (GTO) Abalistes stellaris starry triggerfish Nematoda (Bloch and Schneider) – Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) Status: native Remarks: The generic name has been misspelled Environment: marine “Alutera ” by Russian authors. Digenea Diploproctodaeoides longipygum (GTH,GTO) FAMILY TRIACANTHIDAE Diploproctodaeum macracetabulum (GTH,GTO) Hypocreadium cavum (GTH,GTO) Triacanthus biaculeatus short-nosed tripodfish H. scaphosomum (GTH,GTO) (Bloch) – Hypocreadium sp. (GTH) Syn.: Triacanthus brevirostris Lintonium vibex (GTO) Temminck and Schlegel Monilicaecum ventricosum (GTO) Triacanthodes brevirostris Prosogonotrema abalisti (GTH,GTO) (Temminck and Schlegel) Schistorchis skrjabini (GTO) Status: native Sphincteristomum acollum (GTH,GTO) Environment: marine, brackish Stephanostomum imparispine Digenea metacercaria (GTH,GTO,SCS) Cleptodiscus sp . (GTO) Xystretum abalisti (GTH,GTO) Derogenes varicus (GTO) Monogenoidea Diploproctodaeum macracetabulum (GTO) Monogenoidea gen. sp. (SCS) Hypocreadium scaphosomum (GTO) Cestoda Lepocreadium sp. (GTO) Cestoda gen. sp. (GTO) Schistorchis skrjabini (GTO) Otobothrium sp. plerocercus (GTO) Sphincteristomum acollum (GTH,GTO)

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Stephanostomum imparispine metacercaria Protozoa (GTO,SCS) Apiosoma minutum (MRD) Torticaecum fenestratum (GTO) A. piscicolum cylindriformis (MRD) Trifoliovarium triacanthi (GTO) Balantidium ctenopharyngodoni (SV) Xystretum abalisti (GTO) B. spinibarbichthys (MRD) Cestoda Balantidium sp . (MRD) Nybelinia sp . plerocercoid (GTO) Capriniana piscium (MRD) Nematoda Capriniana sp. (MRD) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO) Chilodonella piscicola (MRD,SV) Echinocephalus sp. larva (GTO) Cryptobia branchialis (MRD,SV) Philometra sp. (GTO) ?C. makeevi (SV) Porrocaecum sp. larva (GTO) Epistylis sp. (MRD,SV) Acanthocephala Glugea sp . (MRD) Serrasentis sagittifer (GTO) Ichthyobodo necator (SV) Ichthyonyctus baueri (MRD) I. pangasia (MRD) FISHES OF UNCERTAIN TAXONOMIC Ichthyonyctus sp . (-) AFFINITY Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (MRD,SV) Ichthyophthirius sp. (MRD) Paratrichodina sp. (MRD) “Ca heo beo” Trichodina acuta (MRD,SV) Status: unknown T. centrostrigata (MRD,SV) Environment: freshwater ? T. cubanensis (SV) Protozoa ? T. domerguei (MRD) Trichodina sp. (HCM) T. fultoni (MRD,SV) ? T. gasterostei (MRD) T. heterodentata (MRD) “Ca ngoi” T. mutabilis (MRD) Status: unknown T. nigra (MRD) Environment: freshwater T. nobillis (MRD,SV) Protozoa T. pediculus (MRD) Trichodina sp. (HCM) T. rectangli (MRD) T. reticulata (MRD) T. rostrata (MRD) "Ca ong tien" T. siluri (MRD) Status: unknown Trichodina sp. (MRD) Environment: freshwater Trichodinella epizootica (MRD,SV) Monogenoidea Trichodinidae gen. sp. Dactylogyrus sp. (HCM) (BN,HH,HN,HTI,PT,VP) Tripartiella bulbosa (QN,MRD) T. obtusa (MRD) “grouper” Trypanosoma sp . (MRD,SV) Status: native Myxozoa Environment: marine Ceratomyxa sp. (MRD) Protozoa Henneguya schulmani (MRD) ? Chilodonella sp. (-) H. shaharini (MRD) Trichodinella sp. (-) Henneguya sp. (MRD,SV) Digenea Myxobilatus sp. (MRD) Digenea gen. sp. (-) Myxobolus semeniformis (MRD) Monogenoidea Myxobolus sp. (MRD,SV) Monogenoidea gen. sp. (-) Thelohanellus catlae (MRD) Copepoda Zschokkella sp. (MRD) Caligididae gen. sp. (KH) Digenea Allocreadium sp. (MRD) Apophallus sp. metacercaria (MRD) "fish" Azygia sp. (MRD) Status: unknown Bacciger sp. (MRD) Environment: freshwater, brackish, marine Centrocestus formosanus metacercaria

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(MRD) T. pangasi (MRD) Clinostomum complanatum metacercaria T. siamensis (MRD) (MRD) T. sudhakari (MRD) C. piscidium metacercaria (MRD) T. wallagonius (MRD) Coitocaecum plagiorchis (MRD) Thaparocleidus sp . (MRD) Didymozoidae gen. sp. (SCS) Trianchoratus gussevi (MRD) Digenea gen. sp. (MRD) T. ophicephali (MRD) Euclinostomum multicaecum metacercaria T. pahangensis (MRD) (MRD) T. trichogasterium (MRD) Masenia collata metacercaria (MRD) Cestoda M. collata (MRD) ? Caryophyllaeus fimbriceps (MRD) Orientocreadium batrachoides (MRD,SV) ? Caryophyllaeus sp. (SV) Orientocreadium sp. (MRD) Cestoda gen. sp. (MRD) Plagioporus macrolepidotus (MRD) Lytocestus adhaerens (MRD) Prosorhynchoides gracilescens (MRD) L. parvulus (MRD) Singhia kruinensis (MRD) Lytocestus sp. (MRD) Stephanostomum imparispine metacercaria ?Paracaryophyllaeus gotoi (MRD) (SCS) ? Proteocephalus macrocephalus (MRD) ? Stephanostomum sp. metacercaria (SV) Proteocephalus sp . (MRD) Monogenoidea Senga malayana (MRD) Ancyrocephalus sp. (MRD) S. ophicephaliana (MRD,SV) Bychowskyella pseudobagi (MRD) S. parva (MRD) B. tchangi (MRD) Senga sp . (MRD) Cichlidogyrus sclerosus (MRD,SV) Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. plerocercus (SCS) C. tilapiae (MRD) Nematoda Cichlidogyrus sp. (MRD) Agamospirura sp. larva (MRD) Cornudiscoides malayensis (MRD) Anisakis sp. larva (SCS) C. sundanensis (MRD) Camallanus (Camallanus ) alii (MRD) Dactylogyridae gen. sp. (MRD) Camallanus (Zeylanema ) anabantis Dactylogyrus kanchanaburiensis (MRD) (MRD,SV) D. labei (MRD) Capillaria sp. (MRD,SCS) D. lampam (MRD) Contracaecum sp. larva (GTO,SCS) D. pseudospyrna (MRD) Cucullanus cyprini (MRD,SV) D. siamensis (MRD) Cucullanus sp. (MRD) D. tapienensis (MRD) ? Dichelyne (Cucullanellus ) minutus (MRD) D. tonguthaiae (MRD) Dichelyne ( Cucullanellus ) sp. (MRD) D. viticulus (MRD) ? Hysterothylacium aduncum (MRD) Dactylogyrus sp. (MRD,SV) Echinocephalus spinosissimus larva (SCS) Diplozoon sp. (MRD) Gnathostoma hispidum larva (MRD) Eudiplozoon nipponicum (MRD) Gnathostoma sp. larva (MRD) Gyrodactylus ctenopharyngodontis (SV) Nematoda gen. sp. (MRD) G. fusci (MRD) Neocamallanus maculati (MRD) G. maculati (MRD) N. ophicephali (MRD) G. ophiocephali (MRD) Neocamallanus sp. (MRD) Gyrodactylus sp. (MRD) Philometra sp. (MRD,SV) Heteronchocleidus sp. (MRD) Pingus sinensis (MRD) Ligophorus macrocolpos (MRD) Pingus sp. (MRD) Malayanodiscoides bihamuli (MRD) Procamallanus (Procamallanus ) clarius Notopterodiscoides sp. (MRD) (MRD) Quadriacanthus kobiensis (MRD) P. (Procamallanus ) glossogobii (MRD) Pseudodactylogyrus sp. (MRD) P. (Procamallanus ) malaccensis (MRD) Sundanonchus foliaceus (MRD) Procamallanus sp. (MRD) S. micropeltis (MRD) Protoleptinae gen. sp. larva (HN) S. triradicatus (MRD) Spinitectus clariasi (MRD) Sundanonchus sp. (MRD) S. notopteri (MRD) ? Tetraonchus sp. (MRD) S. ophicephali (MRD) Thaparocleidus caecus (MRD) Spinitectus sp. (MRD) T. notopterus (MRD) Acanthocephala

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Acanthocephala gen. sp. (MRD) Acanthocephalorhynchoides ussuriensis (MRD) Acanthocephalorhynchoides sp. (MRD) Dendronucleata dogieli (MRD) Dendronucleata sp. (MRD) Echinorhynchoides sp. (MRD) Fessisentis sp. (MRD) Neoechinorhynchus sp. (MRD) Pallisentis (Pallisentis ) nagpurensis (MRD) P. (Demidueterospinus ) ophiocephali (MRD,SV) Pseudorhadinorhynchus sp. (MRD,SV) Serrasentis sagittifer (GTO,SCS) Hirudinea ? Caspiobdella fadejewi (MRD) Hemiclepsis sp. (MRD) Piscicola sp. (MRD) Branchiura Argulus chinensis (MRD) Argulus sp. (-) Copepoda Ergasilus anchoratus (SV) E. philippinensis (MRD) E. thailandensis (MRD) Ergasilus sp. (MRD) Lamproglena chinensis (MRD) Lamproglena sp. (MRD) Lernaea cyprinacea (MRD) L. elegans (SV) L. lophiara (MRD) Lernaea sp. (HN,NH,VP,MRD) Isopoda Alitropus typus (MRD) Corallana grandiventra (MRD) Isopoda gen. sp. (MRD)

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“Naukova Dumka,” Kiev, 182 p. (In Russian). hyperparasitism of the nematode Spironoura babei Ha Ky, 1971 (Nematoda: Kathlaniidae). Parukhin, A.M. 1989. Parasitic worms of bottom Helminthologia, 23: 173-177. fishes from the southern seas . Akademiya Nauk Ukrainskoi SSR, Institut Biologii Shimazu, T. 1990. Some species of the genus Yuzhnykh Morei im. A. O. Kobalevskogo, Proteocephalus (Cestoidea: Proteocephalidae) Izdatelstvo “Naukova Dumka,” Kiev, 154 p. from Japanese freshwater fishes, with a (In Russian). description of a new species. Jpn. J. Parasitol. 39: 612-624. Parukhin, A.M. & Chikunova, D.A. 1964. Helminth fauna of marine fishes of the family Shimazu, T. 1993. Redescription of Balistidae from the South China Sea. Uchenye Paraproteocephalus parasiluri (Yamaguti, Zapiski Gorkovskogo Gosudarstv. Univ. im. 1934) n. comb.(Cestoidea: Proteocephalidae), N.I. Lobachevskogo, Ser. Biol., 62: 100-115. with notes on four species of the genus (In Russian). Proteocephalus , from Japanese freshwater fishes. J. Nagano Prefectural College, 48: 1-9. Petter, A. 1979. Essai de classification de la sous- famille des Procamallaninae (Nematoda, Shtein, G.A. 1967. Parasitic ciliates (Peritricha, Camallanidae). Bull. Mus. Natl. His. Nat. Paris, Urceolariidae) of some fishes of Kamchatka. 4e Ser., 1: 219-239. Acta Protozool. 4: 291-305. (In Russian, English summary). Rafi, F. 1988. Isopoda. p. 129-148. In Margolis, L. & Kabata, Z. (eds.) Guide to the Parasites of Shtein, G.A. 1984. Suborder Mobilina. p. 321-389. Fishes of Canada. Part II - Crustacea. Can. Spec. In Shulman, S.S. (ed.) Guide to the Parasites of Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 101, 184 p. the Freshwater Fish Fauna of the USSR. Vol. 1. Parasitic Protozoa. Izd. "Nauka", Leningrad. Schell, S.C. 1985. Handbook of Trematodes of (In Russian). North America North of Mexico. University Press of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 263 p. Sirikantayakul, S. 1985. Observations on the life cycle and egg-shell of Orientocreadium Scholz, T. & Hanzelová, V. 1998. Tapeworms of batrachoides Tubangui, 1931 (Trematoda: the genus Proteocephalus Weinland, 1858 Allocreadiidae) in Clarias macrocephalus (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae), parasites of fishes Gunther, 1864. Philipp. J. Sci. 114: 183-206. in Europe. Academia, Praha, Studie 2/1998, 118 p. Te, B.Q. 1984. Parasite fauna of six common carp strains in the Red River Delta. Report on the Scholz, T., Ške říková, A., Hanzelová, V., Fisheries Workshop: 1984, Ministry of Koubková, B. & Baruš, V. 2003 Resurrection , Research Institute for Aquaculture No. of Proteocephalus sagittus (Grimm, 1872) 1, Ha Bac, 14 p. (In Vietnamese). (Cestoda: Proteocephalidea) based on morphological and molecular data. Syst. Te, B.Q. 1989. Parasites & freshwater fish diseases Parasitol. 56: 173-181. in Vietnam. Report on the SIDA regional follow up seminar veterinary pathology, From Scholz, T., Shimazu, T., Olson, P.D. & Nagasawa, 20, Nov. to 7, Dec., 1989 – Hanoi – Viet Nam, K. 2001. Caryophyllidean tapeworms 14 p . (Platyhelminthes: Eucestoda) from freshwater fishes in Japan. Folia Parasitol. 48: 275-288. Te, B.Q. 1993a. Fish diseases in cage culture – prophylactic therapeutic measures. Selection Sey, O. 1985. Amphistomes of Vietnamese of Research Works 1988-1992. Research vertebrates (Trematoda: Amphistomida). Institute for Aquaculture No. 1, Agriculture Parasitol. Hung. 18: 17-24. Publishing House, p. 120-125. (In Vietnamese, English summary). Sey, O. 1986. Description of some new taxa of amphistome (Trematoda: Amphistomida) from Te, B.Q. 1993b. The research contribution to the Vietnamese freshwater fishes. Acta Zool. Hung. parasitic fauna on freshwater fish and in 32: 161-168. Mekong River Delta (lower part of Mekong River) and prophylactic and therapeutic Sey, O. & Moravec, F. 1986. An interesting case of measures of some parasite diseases in prawn,

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fish. Selection of Research Works 1988-1992. Te, B.Q. & Yen, P.T. 1999. Parasitic fauna in the Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 1, freshwater fish in the Cuu Long River Delta Agriculture Publishing House, p. 126-139. (In and methods for prevention and treatment. Vietnamese, English summary). Journal of Biology, National Centre for Natural Science and Technology of Vietnam, 21(2b): Te, B.Q. 1995a. Investigation results on species of 56-68. (In Vietnamese, English summary). monogenean Trematoda in freshwater fishes in the Mekong Delta. Science et Technique Te, B.Q., Yen, P.T., Lang, D.T. & Truong, N.P. Veterinaire, 2(2): 63-68. (In Vietnamese, 1991. Results of research on the parasite fauna English and French summaries). of freshwater fishes in the Mekong River Delta and methods for prevention and treatment. Te, B.Q. 1995b. Protozoan parasites in freshwater Collection of Scientific-Technical Fisheries fishes of Mekong delta and control measures. Research Works (1986-1990). Department of Science et Technique Veterinaire, 2(3): 79-84. Science and Technology, Fisheries Review, (In Vietnamese, English and French 1991, p. 314-335. (In Vietnamese). summaries). Te, B.Q. & Tam, V.T. 1999. The common Te, B.Q . 1995c. Crustacean parasites of freshwater diseases of fish and shrimp – prophylactic and fish in the Mekong River delta, prevention and therapeutic measures. Agriculture Publishing treatment methods. Fisheries Review, No. 3 House, Ho Chi Minh City, 80 p. (In (May-June), p. 6, 22. (In Vietnamese). Vietnamese). 130

Te, B.Q. 1995d. Trematoda parasites of freshwater Wheeler, T.A. & Chisholm, L.A. 1995. fish in the Mekong River delta. Fisheries Monogenea versus Monogenoidea: the case for Review, No. 6 (Nov.-Dec.): 17-19. (In stability in nomenclature. Syst. Parasitol. 30: Vietnamese). 159-164.

Te, B.Q. 1998a. Parasitic fauna of the freshwater Williams, E.H. & Bunkley-Williams, L. 1996. fish of the Cuulong River Delta (lower Mekong Parasites of Offshore Big Game Fishes of Puerto River delta) and methods for prevention and Rico and the Western Atlantic. Puerto Rico treatment. AAHRI Newsletter, 7(1): 2-7. Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, San Juan, PR, and the University of Te, B.Q. 1998b. Parasites and fish diseases of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR, 382 p. grouper cage culture in Ha Long Bay. Scientific Reports, Research Institute for Yamaguti, S. 1934. Studies on the helminth fauna of Aquaculture No. 1, 14 p. (In Vietnamese, Japan. Part 4. Cestodes of fishes. Jpn. J. Zool. 6: English summary). 1-112.

Te, B.Q. 1999. Results of research on parasites in freshwater fishes in Viet Nam. Journal of Biology, National Centre for Natural Science and Technology of Vietnam, 21(2b): 20-31. (In Vietnamese, English summary).

Te, B.Q. & Ha, T.T. 1999. Study on the parasites in two Indian carp species ( Labeo rohita and Cirrhina mrigala ) being bred at Dinh Bang (Bac Ninh Province). Journal of Biology, National Centre for Natural Science and Technology of Vietnam, 21(2b): 159-163. (In Vietnamese, English summary).

Te, B.Q., Lua, D.T. & Viet, N.V. 1999. Study on parasites of tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) being bred in North Viet Nam. Journal of Biology, National Centre for Natural Science

and Technology of Vietnam, 21(2b): 153-158, 130 163. (In Vietnamese, English summary). This booklet was first published in 1994 under the same authorship and title.

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PARASITE INDEX

Acanthocephala gen. sp. 71 Azygia sp. 25 Acanthocephalorhynchoides ussuriensis 70 Acanthocephalorhynchoides sp. 70 Bacciger bacciger 39 Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis ) indicus 70 Bacciger sp. 39 Acanthocolpus liodorus 33 Balantidium ctenopharyngodoni 10 Acanthocolpus luehei 33 Balantidium spinibarbichthys 10 Acanthocolpus orientalis 33 Balantidium steinae 10 Acanthosentis indicus Balantidium strelkovi 10 see Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis ) indicus Balantidium sp . 10 Adinosoma microstoma Bathycotyle sp. 25 see Lecithochirium microstomum Benedenia epinepheli 41 Aephnidiogenes barbarus 35 Benedenia sp . 41 Agamospirura sp. 68 Bicotyle perpolita 52 Alcicornis baylisi 22 Bilaterocotyloides carangis 50 Alcicornis carangis 22 Bothriocephalus manubriformis 55 Alitropus typus 75 Brachadena pyriformis Allocreadium isoporum 32 see Aponurus pyriformis Allocreadium sp. 32 Brentisentis cyprini 68 Allodiscocotyla chorinemi 49 Brooklynella hostilis 11 Allodiscocotyla diacanthi 49 Bucephalopsis gracilescens Allopodocotyle epinepheli 32 see Prosorhynchoides gracilescens Allopseudaxine macrova 51 Bucephalopsis ozakii Allostomachicola secundus 26 see Prosorhynchoides ozakii Amurotrema dombrowskajae 31 Bucephalus fragilis 23 Ancylodiscoidinae gen. sp. Bucephalus gorgon 23 see Dactylogyridae gen. sp. Bucephalus introversus 23 Ancyrocephalidae gen. sp. Bucephalus paraheterotentaculatus 23 see Dactylogyridae gen. sp. Bucephalus varicus 23 Ancyrocephalus bilobatus 43 Bucephalus sp. 23 Ancyrocephalus macrogaster 43 Buckleyella buckleyi 65 Ancyrocephalus notopterus Buckleytrema indica 24 see Thaparocleidus notopterus Buckleytrema postacetabulorchis Ancyrocephalus parspinicirrus 43 see Buckleytrema indica Ancyrocephalus scapulasser 43 Bulbocephalus deblocki 66 Ancyrocephalus spinicirrus 43 Bulbocephalus petterae 66 Ancyrocephalus unicirrus 43 Bychowskyella pseudobagi 43 Ancyrocephalus sp. 43 Bychowskyella tchangi 43 Anisakis sp. 58 Aphanurus stossichi 26 Caballeraxine chainanica 52 Apiosoma minutum 12 Caecobiporum rutellum Apiosoma piscicolum cylindriformis 13 see Diploproctodaeum rutellum Apiosoma sp. 13 Caligididae gen. sp. 75 Aponurus carangis 30 Caligus lacustris 75 Aponurus laguncula 30 Caligus sp. 75 Aponurus pyriformis 30 Callogonotrema fistulariae 36 Apophallus sp. 37 Camallanus (Camallanus ) alii 63 Argulus chinensis 72 Camallanus (Zeylanema ) anabantis 63 Argulus foliaceus 73 Camallanus (Camallanus ) carangis 63 Argulus japonicus 73 Camallanus (Camallanus ) cotti 63 Argulus sp. 73 Camallanus ( Camallanus ) hampalae 63 Ascarophis sp. 66 Camallanus (Camallanus ) truncatus 63 Axinella chainanica Camallanus trichogasterae see Caballeraxine chainanica see Neocamallanus trichogasterae Azygia hwangtsiyui 25 Camallanus sp. 63

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Campanarougetia campanarougetae 61 Cornudiscoides malayensis 44 Capillaria ariusi 57 Cornudiscoides sundanensis 44 Capillaria echenei Costia necatrix see Pseudocapillaria ( Pseudocapillaria ) echenei see Ichthyobodo necator Capillaria (sensu latu) sp. 57 Cryptobia branchialis 9 Capriniana piscium 11 Cryptobia makeevi 9 Capriniana sp. 11 Cucullanellus minutus Carassotrema ginezinskajae see Dichelyne (Cucullanellus ) minutus see Carassotrema koreanum Cucullanellus sp. Carassotrema koreanum 31 see Dichelyne ( Cucullanellus ) sp. Cardicola congruenta 31 Cucullanus chabaudi 61 Cardicola grandis 31 Cucullanus cyprini 61 Caryphyllaeidae gen. sp. 54 Cucullanus decapteri 62 Caryophyllaeinae gen. sp. Cucullanus heterochrous 62 see Caryphyllaeidae gen. sp. Cucullanus minutus Caryophyllaeus fimbriceps 53 see Dichelyne (Cucullanellus ) minutus Caryophyllaeus sp. 53 Cucullanus sp. 62 Caspiobdella fadejewi 72 Cycloplectanum cupatum Cathayacanthus bagarii 69 see Pseudorhabdosynochus cupatum Cathucotyle cathuaui 49 Centrocestus formosanus 37 Dactylogyridae gen. sp. 48 Centrocestus sp. 37 Dactylogyrus achmerowi 44 Ceratomyxa sp. 19 Dactylogyrus anchoratus 44 Cestoda gen. sp. 57 Dactylogyrus babensis 44 Cestoidea Dactylogyrus bakanensis 44 see Cestoda gen. sp. Dactylogyrus cranoglanis 44 Chilodonella cyprini Dactylogyrus curriculi 44 see Chilodonella piscicola Dactylogyrus denticulati 44 Chilodonella hexasticha 11 Dactylogyrus extensis 44 Chilodonella piscicola 11 Dactylogyrus falciformis 44 Chilodonella sp. 11 Dactylogyrus harmandi 44 Chitwoodia chitwoodae 61 Dactylogyrus intermedius 44 Cichlidogyrus sclerosus 43 Dactylogyrus kalyanensis 44 Cichlidogyrus tilapiae 43 Dactylogyrus kanchanaburiensis 45 Cichlidogyrus sp. 43 Dactylogyrus labei 45 Cleaveius longirostris 69 Dactylogyrus lamellatus 45 Cleptodiscus sp . 31 Dactylogyrus lampam 45 Clinostomum complanatum 22 Dactylogyrus laokajensis 45 Clinostomum piscidium 22 Dactylogyrus minutus 45 Clonorchis sinensis 38 Dactylogyrus molitorelli 45 Coitocaecum plagiorchis 32 Dactylogyrus nobilis 45 Complexobursa vjetnamensis 24 Dactylogyrus pseudospyrna 45 Contracaecum aduncum Dactylogyrus quangfami 45 see Hysterothylacium aduncum Dactylogyrus siamensis 45 Contracaecum chorinemi Dactylogyrus spinibarbichthi 45 see Hysterothylacium chorinemi Dactylogyrus tapienensis 45 Contracaecum incurvum Dactylogyrus tonguthaiae 45 see Hysterothylacium incurvum Dactylogyrus tonkinensis 46 Contracaecum megacephalum Dactylogyrus uyeni 46 see Iheringascaris inquies Dactylogyrus viticulus 46 Contracaecum rudolphii 59 Dactylogyrus yogendrai 46 Contracaecum saba Dactylogyrus zoanyngi 46 see Hysterothylacium saba Dactylogyrus sp. 46 Contracaecum spiculigerum Dawesia incisa 49 see Contracaecum rudolphii Dendronucleata dogieli 71 Contracaecum sp. 59 Dendronucleata petruschewskii 71 Corallana grandiventra 75 Dendronucleata sp. 71 Corallana sp. 75 Derogenes varicus 25

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Dibothriocephalus sp. Glossatella cylindriformis see Diphyllobothrium sp. see Apiosoma piscicolum cylindriformis Dichelyne (Cucullanellus ) minutus 62 Glossatella sp. Dichelyne ( Cucullanellus ) sp. 62 see Apiosoma sp. Didymozoidae gen. sp. 26 Glugea sp . 10 Didymozoon polymorphis 25 Gnathostoma hispidum 66 Digenea gen. sp. 41 Gnathostoma sp. 66 Dinurus longisinus 26 Gonocerca sp. 25 Dinurus selari 26 Gonocercella pacifica 25 Dinurus sp. 27 Gonocercella sp. 25 Diphyllobothrium sp. 56 Gorgorhynchus gibber Diplectanum hargisi 48 see Gorgorhynchus medius Diplectanum sp. 48 Gorgorhynchus medius 69 Diploproctia drepanei 35 Gorgorhynchus sp. 69 Diploproctodaeoides longipygum 35 Gotocotyla laticauda 50 Diploproctodaeum longipygum Gotocotyla secunda 50 see Diploproctodaeoides longipygum Goussia carpelli 9 Diploproctodaeum macracetabulum 35 Goussia sp. 10 Diploproctodeum plataxi 35 Grillotia sp. 55 Diploproctodaeum rutellum 35 Gyrodactylus ctenopharyngodontis 41 Diplozoon sp. 50 Gyrodactylus fusci 42 Disacanthus longus Gyrodactylus maculati 42 see Pseudosiphoderoides longus Gyrodactylus medius 42 Distomum hypselobagri Gyrodactylus niloticus 42 see Isoparorchis hypselobagri Gyrodactylus ophiocephali 42 Dollfustrema bagarii 24 Gyrodactylus sprostonae 42 Gyrodactylus squaliobarbi 42 Echinocephalus spinosissimus 65 Gyrodactylus sp. 42 Echinocephalus sp. 66 Echinorhynchoides sp. 68 Hakynema vietnamensis 58 Ectenurus selari 27 Haliotrema sp. 46 Ectenurus theraponae 27 Hemiclepsis sp. 72 Ectenurus trachuri 27 Helicometra fasciata 32 Ectenurus sp. 27 Hemiophrys macrostoma Elongoparorchis siamensis 25 see Pseudoamphileptus macrostoma Encotyllabe spari 41 Hemiuroidea gen. sp. 30 Epistylidae gen. sp. 13 Hemiurata gen. sp. Epistylis kronwerci 13 see Hemiuroidea gen. sp. Epistylis sp. 13 Henneguya ophiocephali 19 Ergasilus anchoratus 74 Henneguya schizura 19 Ergasilus philippinensis 74 Henneguya schulmani 19 Ergasilus thailandensis 74 Henneguya shaharini 19 Ergasilus sp. 74 Henneguya sp. 19 Erilepturus formosae 27 Heptochona dorabi 67 Erilepturus sp. 27 Heteraxine heterocerca 51 Euclinostomum multicaecum 22 Heteromicrocotyla carangis 51 Eudiplozoon nipponicum 50 Heteromicrocotyla polyorchis 52 Eutetrarhynchidae gen. sp. 54 Heteromicrocotyla vaginispina 52 Heteromicrocotyla sp. 52 Falcaustra babei 61 Heteronchocleidus sp. 46 Falcaustra kaverii 61 Heterophyidae gen. sp. 37 Fessisentis sp. 68 Hirudinella fusca see Hirudinella ventricosa Galactosomatidae gen. sp. Hirudinella ventricosa 29 see Heterophyidae gen. sp. Homalometron sp. 35 Gastrocotyle trachuri 49 Huridostomum formionis 39 Gastrocotyle sp. 50 Hurleytrematoides chaetodoni 40 Glossatella minuta (see Apiosoma minutum ) Hypocreadium cavum 36

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Hypocreadium scaphosomum 36 Leiomonorchis leiognathi 40 Hypocreadium sp. 36 Lepeophtheirus sp. 75 Hysterolecitha nahaensis 29 Lepidapedon megalaspi 36 Hysterolecitha triacanthi Lepocreadiidae gen. sp. 36 see Trifoliovarium triacanthi Lepocreadium sp. 36 Hysterothylacium aduncum 59 Lernaea carassi Hysterothylacium chorinemi 59 see Lernaea cyprinacea Hysterothylacium fluviatile 60 Lernaea ctenopharyngodontis Hysterothylacium incurvum 60 see Lernaea elegans Hysterothylacium saba 60 Lernaea cyprinacea 73 Lernaea elegans 73 Ichthyobodo necator 9 Lernaea lophiara 74 Ichthyonyctus baueri 18 Lernaea oryzophila 74 Ichthyonyctus pangasia 18 Lernaea sp. 74 Ichthyonyctus schulmani 18 Lernaeocera branchialis 75 Ichthyonyctus sp . 18 Lethrinaxine parva 52 Ichthyophthirius multifiliis 11 Ligophorus macrocolpos 46 Ichthyophthirius sp. 12 Lintonium vibex 24 Iheringascaris inquies 60 Longimonorchis ovacutus 40 Illiosentis multacanthus Lutianicola haifonensis 52 see Tegorhynchus multacanthus Lytocestus adhaerens 53 Incisaxine dubia 52 Lytocestus parvulus 53 Inferostoma jankowskii 18 Lytocestus sp. 53 Isoparorchis hypselobagri 29 Isopoda gen. sp. 75 Magnacetabulum selari Intracotyle orientale 52 see Ectenurus selari Magnacetabulum trachuri Kannaphalllus virilis 52 see Ectenurus trachuri Khawia sinensis 53 Malayanodiscoides bihamuli 46 Masenia collata 39 Lamproglena chinensis 73 Megalocotyle lutiani 41 Lamproglena sp. 73 Metadena bagarii 37 Lappogonimus echinostomus Metadena eurystoma 37 see Paracryptogonimus echinostomus Meteterakis japonica 63 Lappogonimus morosovi Micracanthocephalus hemiculterus see Paracryptogonimus morosovi see Micracanthorhynchina hemiculterus Lasiotocus cacuminatus 40 Micracanthorhynchina hemiculterus 69 Lasiotocus chaetodipteri 40 Microcotyle hemiatriospinalis 52 Lasiotocus cryptastoma 40 Microcotyle sp. 52 Lasiotocus macrorchis 40 Microsporidia gen. sp. 10 Lasiotocus plectorhynchi 40 Monaxine formionis 51 Lasiotocus tropicus 40 Monilicaecum ventricosum 26 Lecithaster stellatus 30 Monogeneans auctorum Lecithochirium imocavum 28 see Monogenoidea gen. sp. Lecithochirium magnaporum 28 Monogenoidea gen. sp. 52 Lecithochirium microstomum 29 Monorchis diplovarium 40 Lecithochirium monticellii 29 Multitestis magnacetabulum 36 Lecithochirium sp. 29 Multtubovarium amphibolum 26 Lecithocladium apolecti 27 Myxobilatus sp. 19 Lecithocladium excisiforme 27 Myxobolus achmerovi 20 Lecithocladium excisum 28 Myxobolus anisocapsularis 20 Lecithocladium harpodontis 28 Myxobolus artus 20 Lecithocladium ilishae Myxobolus assymetricus 20 see Lecithocladium harpodontis Myxobolus cheisini 20 Lecithocladium megalaspis 28 Myxobolus clarii 20 Lecithocladium pampi 28 Myxobolus cyprinicola 20 Lecithocladium seriolellae 28 Myxobolus discapsularis 20 Lecithocladium sp. 28 Myxobolus divergens 20

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Myxobolus ellipticus 20 Otobothrium sp. 54 Myxobolus exiguus 20 Myxobolus humilis 20 Pallisentis ( Brevitritospinus ) vietnamensis 71 Myxobolus koi 20 Pallisentis (Demidueterospinus ) ophiocephali 71, Myxobolus lanfyongi 21 also see Pallisentis ( Brevitritospinus ) vietnamensis Myxo bolus macrocapsularis 21 Pallisentis ( Pallisentis ) celatus 70 Myxobolus minutus 21 Pallisentis (Pallisentis ) nagpurensis 70 Myxobolus miyairii 21 Palisentis ussuriensis Myxobolus oblongus 21 see Acanthocephalorhynchoides ussuriensis Myxobolus pavlovskii 21 Pallisentis sp. 71 Myxobolus poljanskii 21 Paracaryophyllaeus dubininae Myxobolus semeniformis 21 see Paracaryophyllaeus gotoi Myxobolus toyamai 21 Paracaryophyllaeus gotoi 53 Myxobolus uyeni 21 Paracryptogonimus echinostomus 37 Myxobolus sp. 21 Paracryptogonimus morosovi 37 Paradentitruncus longireceptaculis 69 Nematobothrium rachycentri Paradiplozoon doi 51 see Neometanematobothrioides rachycentri Paradiplozoon vietnamicum 51 Nematoda gen. sp. 68 Paradiscogaster drepanei 39 Neocamallanus anabantis Paraergasilus brevidigitus 74 see Camallanus (Zeylanema ) anabantis Paraergasilus medius 74 Neocamallanus maculati 63 Paraergasilus sp. 74 Neocamallanus ophicephali 64 Paragendria sp. 62 Neocamallanus trichogasterae 64 Parahemiurus clupeae 28 Neocamallanus sp. 64 Parahemiurus merus 28 Neocladorchis multilobularis 31 Paramonodhelmis postacetabulorchis Neoechinorhynchus sp. 71 see Buckleytrema indica Neometanematobothrioides rachycentri 26 Paraproteocephalus parasiluri 56 Neonotoporus decapteri 33 Paraseuratum sp. 62 Neorhadinorhynchus nudus 68 Paratetraonchoides inermis 42 Neosentis celatus Paratetrochetus hansoni see Pallisentis ( Pallisentis ) celatus see Tetrochetus hansoni Notopterodiscoides sp. 46 Paratrichodina incissa 13 Nybelinia sp . 54 Paratrichodina sp. 13 Nyctotherus baueri Pavlovskioides ichthyoscopi 42 see Ichthyonyctus baueri Pavlovskioides litoralis 42 Nyctotherus pangasia Philometra balistii 65 see Ichthyonyctus pangasia Philometra sp. 65 Nyctotherus schulmani Philometroides atropi 65 see Ichthyonyctus schulmani Philometroides sp. 65 Nyctotherus sp. Phyllodistomum carangis 38 see Ichthyonyctus sp . Phyllodistomum clariasi 38 Phyllodistomum megalovum 38 Oncomegas wageneri 54 Phyllodistomum notosinicum 38 Opechona formiae 36 Phyllodistomum parukhini 38 Opecoelina vixigastera Phyllodistomum psettodi 38 see Opecoelina vixiintestina Phyllodistomum rachycentri Opecoelina vixiintestina 32 see Phyllodistomum parukhini Opecoelus sphaericus 32 Phyllodistomum skrjabini Opecoelus sp. 32 see Phyllodistomum parukhini Opegaster parapristopomatis 32 Phyllodistomum strictum 38 Opisthomonorcheides decapteri 40 Phyllodistomum sp. 38 Opisthomonorchis carangis 40 Pingus sinensis 62 Orientocreadium batrachoides 39 Pingus sp. 62 Orientocreadium siluri 39 Piscicola fadejewi Orientocreadium sp. 39 see Caspiobdella fadejewi Osphyobothrus bychowskyi 51 Piscicola geometra 72 Osphyobothrus multivitellatus 51 Piscicola sp. 72

128

Plagioporus macrolepidotus 33 see Rhadinorhynchus carangis Plagioporus myoxocephalus 33 Protorhadinorhynchus ditrematis Platycladorchis macroacetabularis 31 see Rhadinorhynchus ditrematus Platycladorchis microacetabularis 31 Protozoa gen. sp. 18 Plectognathotrema ovata 24 Pseudallacanthochasmus plectorhynchi 37 Pleorchis sciaenae 33 Pseudaxine trachuri 50 Plerurus carangi Pseudaxine sp. 50 see Plerurus digitatus Pseudaxinoides vietnamensis 50 Plerurus digitatus 29 Pseudoamphileptus macrostoma 10 Podocotyle epinepheli Pseudocapillaria ( Pseudocapillaria ) echenei 58 see Allopodocotyle epinepheli Pseudocreadium patellarae Podocotyle petalophallus see Hypocreadium cavum see Podocotyloides petalophallus Pseudocreadium scaphosomum Podocotyloides petalophallus 33 see Hypocreadium scaphosomum Polyonchobothrium malayana Hypocreadium cavum see Senga malayana Pseudocreadium sp. Polyonchobothrium ophicephalianum see Hypocreadium sp. see Senga ophicephaliana Pseudodactylogyrus sp. 47 Polyonchobothrium parva Pseudopecoeloides carangis 32 see Senga parva Pseudophilometroides atropi Polyonchobothrium sp. see Philometroides atropi see Senga sp . Pseudoproleptus lamyi 66 Pontochona dorabi Pseudorhabdosynochus cupatum 48 see Heptochona dorabi Pseudorhabdosynochus epinepheli 48 Porrocaecum sp. 60 Pseudorhadinorhynchus vietnamensis 69 Pricea multae 50 Pseudorhadinorhynchus sp. 69 Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus ) bagarii 64 Pseudosiphoderoides longus 37 Procamallanus (Procamallanus ) clarius 64 Pseudosteringophorus sp. 24 Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus ) fulvidraconis Pseudotetraonchoides bleekeriae 42 see Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus ) bagarii Pterobothrium platycephalum 55 Procamallanus (Procamallanus ) glossogobii 64 Pycnadenoides pagrosomi 33 Procamallanus (Procamallanus ) malaccensis 64 Procamallanus (Procamallanus ) petterae 64 Quadriacanthus kobiensis 47 Procamallanus sp. 64 Proctotrema cryptastoma Raphidascaris sp. 60 see Lasiotocus cryptastoma Rhabdochona ( Rhabdochona ) hakyi 67 Proctotrema sp. 40 Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona ) jiangxiensis 67 Prosogonotrema abalisti 30 Rhabdochona (Globochonoides ) squaliobarbus 67 Prosogonotrema bilabiatum 30 Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona ) vietnamensis 67 Prosogonotrema clupeae 30 Rhabdochona (Globochonoides ) sp . 68 Prosogonotrema symmetricum Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona ) sp. 68 see Prosogonotrema bilabiatum Rhadinorhynchus carangis 69 Prosorchis chainanensis 30 Rhadinorhynchus cyprini Prosorhynchoides gracilescens 23 see Brentisentis cyprini Prosorhynchoides ozakii 23 Rhadinorhynchus ditrematus 69 Prosorhynchus epinepheli 24 Rhadinorhynchus pristis 70 Prosorhynchus vietnamensis 24 Rhipidocotyle laruei 23 Prosorhynchus sp. 24 Rhipidocotyle sp. 23 Proteocephalus parasiluri see Paraproteocephalus parasiluri Schistorchis skrjabini 35 Proteocephalus gobiorum 56 Scolex pleuronectis Proteocephalus macrocephalus 56 see Tetraphyllidea gen. sp. Proteocephalus osculatus 57 Scolex sp. Proteocephalus sagittus 57 see Tetraphyllidea gen. sp. Proteocephalus sp . 57 Senga malayana 56 Protoleptinae gen. sp. 66 Senga ophicephaliana 56 Protoopalina sp. 9 Senga parva 56 Protorhadinorhynchus carangis Senga sp. 56

129

Serransentis chauhani Thaparocleidus caecus 47 see Serrasentis sagittifer Thaparocleidus notopterus 47 Serrasentis sagittifer 70 Thaparocleidus pangasi 47 Serransentis socialis Thaparocleidus siamensis 47 see Serrasentis sagittifer Thaparocleidus sudhakari 47 Sessilorbis limopharynx 41 Thaparocleidus wallagonius 47 Silurodiscoides caecus Thaparocleidus sp . 47 see Thaparocleidus caecus Thelohanellus acuminatus 22 Silurodiscoides notopterus Thelohanellus callisporis 22 see Thaparocleidus notopterus Thelohanellus catlae 22 Silurodiscoides pangasi Thelohanellus dogieli 22 see Thaparocleidus pangasi Thominx ariusi Silurodiscoides siamensis see Capillaria ariusi see Thaparocleidus siamensis Thwaitia balistii Silurodiscoides sudhakari see Philometra balistii see Thaparocleidus sudhakari Tonkinaxine homocerca 51 Silurodiscoides wallagonius Tormopsolus carangi 34 see Thaparocleidus wallagonius Tormopsolus echenei 34 Silurodiscoides sp. Tormopsolus filiformis 34 see Thaparocleidus sp . Tormopsolus orientalis 35 Singhia kruinensis 31 Tormopsolus rhachicentri Spectatus sp. 61 see Tormopsolus filiformis Sphincteristomum acollum 35 Torticaecum fenestratum 26 Spinitectus clariasi 66 Trematoda auctorum Spinitectus echenei 67 see Digenea gen. sp. Spinitectus notopteri 67 Trianchoratus gussevi 48 Spinitectus ophicephali 67 Trianchoratus ophicephali 48 Spinitectus ranae 67 Trianchoratus pahangensis 48 Spinitectus sp. 67 Trianchoratus trichogasterium 48 Spironoura babei Trichodina acuta 13 see Falcaustra babei Trichodina centrostrigata 14 Spironoura kaverii Trichodina cubanensis 14 see Falcaustra kaverii Trichodina domerguei 14 Sprostoniella multitestis 41 Trichodina domerguei domerguei Stephanostomoides dorabi see Trichodina domerguei see Stephanostomum tenue Trichodina fultoni 14 Stephanostomum ditrematis 33 Trichodina gasterostei 14 Stephanostomum fistulariae 33 Trichodina heterodentata 14 Stephanostomum hispidum 34 Trichodina jadranica 14 Stephanostomum imparispine 34 Trichodina mutabilis 14 Stephanostomum tenue 34 Trichodina nigra 15 Stephanostomum sp. 34 Trichodina nobillis 15 Sundanonchus foliaceus 48 Trichodina orientalis 15 Sundanonchus micropeltis 49 Trichodina partidisci 15 Sundanonchus triradicatus 49 Trichodina pediculus 15 Sundanonchus sp. 49 Trichodina perforata 16 Trichodina rectangli 16 Tegorhynchus multacanthus 69 Trichodina rectangli perforata Telolecithus tropicus see Trichodina perforata see Lasiotocus tropicus Trichodina rectangli rectangli Tergestia laticollis 24 see Trichodina rectangli Tetraonchus sp. 49 Trichodina reticulata 16 Tetraphyllidea gen. sp. 55 Trichodina rostrata 16 Tetrarhynchidea gen. sp. Trichodina siluri 16 see Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. Trichodina sp. 16 Tetraster siamensis Trichodinella epizootica 16 see Elongoparorchis siamensis Trichodinella subtilis 16 Tetrochetus hansoni 25 Trichodinella sp. 16

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Trichodinidae gen. sp. 17 Trifoliovarium triacanthi 29 Triglicola tonkinensis 49 Trigonotrema alatum 36 Tripartiella bulbosa 17 Tripartiella clavodonta 17 Tripartiella copiosa 17 Tripartiella lata 17 Tripartiella obtusa 17 Tripartiella sp. 17 Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. 55 Trypanosoma sp . 9 Tubulovesicula angusticauda 27 Tubulovesicula lindbergi 27 Tubulovesicula marsupialia 27 Tubulovesicula muraenesocis see Tubulovesicula angusticauda

Unionidae gen. sp. 72

Vallisia chorinemi 49

Xystretum abalisti 38

Zschokkella donecae 19 Zschokkella parasiluri 19 Zschokkella sp . 19

131

HOST INDEX

Abalistes stellaris 108 Channa maculata 98 Acanthocepola limbata 97 Channa micropeltes 98 Acanthorhodeus fortunensis 80 Channa striata 98 Alectis indicus 92 Channa sp. 99 Alepes melanoptera 93 Chirocentrus dorab 79 Aluterus monoceros 108 Chitala chitala 79 Anabas testudineus 92 Chorinemus lysan Anguilla marmorata 79 see Scomberoides lysan Anguilla mauritiana Cirrhina mrigala see Anguilla marmorata see Cirrhinus cirrhosus Aristhicthys nobilis 80 Cirrhinus chinensis Arius arius 86 see Cirrhinus molitorella Arius sinensis 86 Cirrhinus cirrhosus 81 Arius sp. 86 Cirrhinus jullieni 82 Atropus atropos 93 Cirrhinus microlepis 82 Atropus oreolatus 93 Cirrhinus molitorella 82 Atule mate 93 Cirrhinus sp . 82 Clarias batrachus 87 Bagarius bagarius 91 Clarias fuscus 87 Bangana tonkinensis 80 Clarias gariepinus x C. macrocephalus 87 Barbodes gonionotus Clarias macrocephalus 88 see Barbonymus gonionotus Clarias sp. 88 Barbonymus altus 80 Cranoglanis bouderius 88 Barbonymus balleroides 80 Cranpglanis henrici Barbonymus gonionotus 81` see Cranoglanis bouderius Belondontichthys dinema 90 Cranoglanis multiradiatus Belondontichthys truncatus see Cranoglanis bouderius see Belondontichthys dinema Cranoglanis sinensis Bleekeria viridianguilla 92 see Cranoglanis bouderius Brachiostegus japonicus 104 Ctenopharyngodon idellus 82 Bunaka gyrinoides 100 Culter flavipinnis 83 Culter tientsinensis “Ca heo beo” 109 see Cultrichthys erythropterus “Ca ngoi” 109 Cultrichthys erythropterus 82 "Ca ong tien" 109 Cyprinus carpio 83 Carangidae gen. sp. 93 Cyprinus carpio haematopterus Carangoides chrysophrys 94 see C. rubrofuscus Caranx chrysophrys Cyprinus rubrofuscus 83 see Carangoides chrysophrys Caranx crumenophthalmus Dascylllus trimaculatus 105 see Selar crumenophthalmus Decapterus muroadsi 94 Caranx malabaricus 94 Decapterus sp. 94 Caranx speciosus Drepane longimana 100 see Gnathanodon speciosus Drepane punctata 100 Caranx sp. 94 Dussumieria elopsoides 79 Carassius auratus auratus 81 Dussumieria hasselti Carassius auratus gibelio see Dussumeria elopsoides see Carassius gibelio Carassius gibelio 81 Echeneis naucrates 100 Catla catla 81 Eleutheronema tetradactylum 105 Cepola schlegelii 97 Elopichthys bambusa 83 Cepola sp. 97 Ephippus orbis 101 Chaetodon sp. 99 Epinephelus bruneus 106 Chaetodontidae gen. sp. 99 Epinephelus merra 107 Channa lucius 97 Epinephelus moara

132

see Epinephelus bruneus Lutjanus lutjanus 104 Epinephelus sexfasciatus 107 Lutjanus russellii 104 Epinephelus tauvina 107 Lutjanus sebae 104 Erythroculter recurvirostris Lutjanus sp. 104 see Culter flavipinnis Euthynnus affinis 106 Makaira sp. 103 Megalaspis cordyla 95 “fish” 109 Megalobrama hoffmanni Fistularia petimba 91 see Megalobrama terminalis Formio niger Megalobrama terminalis 85 see Parastromateus niger Mene maculata 104 Fluta alba Monopterus albus 91 see Monopterus albu s Mugil cephalus 104 Mystus nemurus Gerres filamentosus 101 see Hemibagrus nemurus Gerres sp. 102 Mystus sp. 87 - Glossogobius giuris 102 Gnathanodon speciosus 95 Notopterus chitala “grouper” 109 see Chitala chitala Gymnocranius griseus 103 Notopterus notopterus 79 Gymnostomus lepturus see Onchostomus lepturus Ompok bimaculatus 90 Onychostoma lepturus 85 Hampala macrolepidota 83 Ophicephalus lucius Harengula schrammi see Channa lucius see Herklotsichthys quadrimaculata Ophicephalus maculatus Helostoma temminckii 103 see Channa maculata Hemibagrus elongatus 86 Ophicephalus micropeltes Hemibagrus nemurus 86 see Channa micropeltes Hemiculter leucisculus 84 Ophicephalus striatus Hemiculter leucisculus leucisculus see Channa striata see Hemiculter leucisculus Ophicephalus sp. Herklotsichthys quadrimaculata 79 see Channa sp. Hypophthalmichthys harmandi 84 Opsariichthys uncirostris uncirostris 85 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix 84 Opsariichthys uncirostris Hypophthalmichthys sp. 84 see Opsariichthys uncirostris uncirostris Hypselobagrus sp. Oreochromis mossambicus 99 see Mystus sp. Oreochromis niloticus niloticus 99 Oreochromis sp . 99 Ichthyscopus lebeck lebeck 107 Osphronemus goramy 105 Ilisha sp. 80 Osteochilus melanopleurus 85 Oxeleotris marmorata 100 Labeo chryophekadion 84 Oxeleotris siamensis Labeo rohita 84 see Oxyeleotris urophthalmus Labiobarbus leptocheila 85 Oxyeleotris urophthalmus 101 Labiobarbus lineatus see L. leptocheila Pampus argenteus 107 Latilus japonicus Pangasius bocourti 88 see Brachiostegus japonicus Pangasius conchophilus 89 Leiognathidae gen. sp. 103 Pangasius hypophthalmus 89 Leiognathus equulus 103 Pangasius larnaudii 89 Leiognathus sp. 103 Pangasius micronemus 89 Lepidotrygla sp. 92 Pangasius pangasius 90 Leptobarbus hoevenii 85 Pangasius sp. 90 Lissochilus kremphi Parastromateus niger 95 see Poropuntius kremphi Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 87 Lutjanus lineolatus Pelteobagrus vachellii 87 see Lutjanus lutjanus Philypnus marmoratus

133

see Oxeleotris marmorata Squaliobarbus sp. 86 Platax orbicularis 101 Plectorhinchus cinctus 102 Therapon theraps 107 Plectorhinchus sp. 102 Tilapia mossambica Plotosus canius 90 see Oreochromis mossambicus Polynemus plebeius 105 Tilapia sp. Pomadasys hasta 102 see Oreochromis sp. Poropuntius kremphi 85 Trachinocephalus myops 91 Priacanthus tayenus 105 Trachinocephalus sp. 91 Pristipomoides typus 104 Triacanthodes brevirostris Pristolepis fasciata 104 see Triacanthus biaculeatus Psettodes erumei 108 Triacanthus biaculeatus 109 Pseudobagrus fulvidraco Triacanthus brevirostris see Pelteobagrus fulvidraco see Triacanthus biaculeatus Pseudobagrus vachellii Trichogaster pectoralis 92 see Pelteobagrus vachelli Trichogaster trichopterus 92 Puntioplites proctozysron 85 Puntius altus Varicorhinus tonkinensis see Barbonymus altus see Bangana tonkinensis Puntius bramoides see Barbonymus balleroides Wallago dinema Puntius brevis 85 see Belodontichthys dinema Puntius gonionotus Wallago attu 90 see Barbonymus gonionotus Wallagonia attu see Wallago attu Rachycentron canadum 105 Rastrelliger kanagurta 106 Xiphias sp. 107 Rhinogobius giurinus 102 Rhinogobius hadropterus see Rhinogobius giurinus

Sardinella sp. 80 Saurida gracilis 91 Saurida tumbil 91 Saurogobio dabryi 85 Sciaenidae gen. sp. 105 Scomberoides lysan 95 Scomberomorus commerson 106 Scomberomorus guttatus 106 Scomberomorus leopardus see Scomberomorus guttatus Scomberomorus sp. 106 Scombridae gen. sp. 106 Selar crumenophthalmus 96 Selar malam see Alepes melanoptera Selar mate see Atule mate Selar sp. 96 Selaroides leptolepis 96 Selaroides sp. 96 Seriola dumerili 96 Seriola nigrofasciata see Seriolina nigrofasciata Seriola sp. 97 Seriolina nigrofasciata 97 Spinibarbichthys denticulatus 86 Squaliobarbus curriculus 86