April 17, 1973 12821 PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS By Mrs. BOGGS: By Mr. GUBSER: Under clause 1 of rule xxn, private H.R. 7128. A bill for the relief of Rita. Peter­ H.R. 7129. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Ruth bills and resolutions were introduced and mann Brown; to the Committee on the Judll.­ G. Palmer; to the Committee on the Judi­ severally referred as follows: oia.ry. cia.ry.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS MAIN STREET, U.S.A. DePere boasts a. college, St. Norbert, which the insurance industry have been dealt with makes the sports pages regularly each sum­ by the states; and mer because the Green Bay Packers hold Whereas, state control of insurance mat­ their pre-season practices there. DePere is ters has proven beneficial as appropriate HON. HAROLD V. FROEHLICH p.lso the home town of Miss America, Terry measures have been enacted to provide for OF WISCONSIN Anne Meeuwsen. She is the brown-eyed conditions peculiar to local circumstances; beauty who sang "He Touched Me" for a. na­ and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tional TV audience last fall, and will earn Whereas, in recent times much attention Tuesday, April 17, 1973 $125,000 as a. result before her year ends has been given to various "no-fault" schemes next September. to replace automobile liability coverage now Mr. FROEHLICH. Mr. Speaker I in­ DePere was discovered by p. French explorer available in many states and in :this Stat e; sert into the RECORD an article which in 1671 and was named "Rapides des Peres," and has appeared in the nationally syndi­ meaning "Rapids of the Fathers." Over the Whereas, in determining if South Carolina cated column "Main Street, U.S.A.,'' by years the name was simplified to DePere. should require such "no-fault" insurance, Bert Mills. FRESHMAN BOOSTS COMMUNITY it would seem best that such determination His article focuses on the city of De­ and the particulars related thereto would DePere is represented in Congress by a. most properly be left to this General Assem­ Pere, Wis., and the outstanding voting freshman Republican, Harold V. Froehlich, bly and all other State Legislatures. record that it has maintained over the from Appleton, Wisconsin. He is a 40-ye.a.r-old Now, therefore, be it resolved by the House past 20 years. attorney, certified public accountant, and of Representatives, the Senate concurring: In recognition of their outstanding real estate broker. He served 10 years in the That this General Assembly does hereby achievement, Senator NELSON and I have Wisconsin legislature and was Assembly lead­ memorialize the Congress of the United introduced a concurrent resolution be­ er when elected to Congress last November. States to desist from enacting "no-fault" in­ Froehlich is confident DePere is "America's surance legislation thereby preserving the fore Congress to designate DePere as Votingest Small City" and he hopes Congress "America's Votingest Small City.'' I in­ power of the States to supervise insurance will make it official by adopting H. Con. Res. activities. sert this article as a testimonial to De­ 162, or S. Con. Res. 17, the Senate counter­ Pere and urge by colleagues to support part. He realizes the title will last only until this resolution: the next election in 1976, when DePere will [From the West Branch (Mich.) Ogema.w have to earn it all over again. AMERICA'S FUTURE LIES IN THE County Herald, Apr. 12, 1973} However, the Congressman has made a public pledge that if any comparable small HANDS OF YOUNG FARMERS MAIN STREET, U.S.A. city can beat DePere, he will co-sponsor an­ (By Bert Mills) other resolution to transfer the crown to the WASHINGTON, D.C.-DePere, Wisconsin, winning city. He doubts that will be neces­ HON. GENE TAYLOR sary. He also appears confident he will still where a.t least 95 percent of registered voters OF MISSOURI cast their ballot in Presidential elections, be in Congress four years hence. claims to be "America's Votingest Small IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES City" and all 11 members of Congress from Tuesday, April 17, 1973 Wisconsin have joined in co-sponsoring a. Joint Resolution to so designate DePere. OPPOSITION TO "NO FAULT" Mr. TAYLOR of Missouri. Mr. Speak­ Actually, DePere's voting record in 1972 INSURANCE er, the future of America lies in the was 98.05 percent. There were 6,479 regis­ hands of the young farmer of today. If tered and 6,353 did vote. That was not a. we are to maintain our high standard of record for DePere. Twice before in the past living, which includes food in abundance 20 years, DePere has topped the 99 percent HON. STROM THURMOND mark. Its worst record in six elections has OF SOUTH CAROLINA at an equitable price, our young farm­ ers must be encouraged to stay on the been 95.9 percent, back in 1956. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES These records, if such they be, did not land and not forced to seek a better life just happen. Since 1952, DePere has had a. Tuesday, April 17, 1973 elsewhere. goal of a. 100 percent turnout of registered Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, on We cannot encourage a food boycott, voters in Presidential elections. The quad­ and then expect to have food readily rennial crusade is directed by a. 100 Percent behalf of the junior Senator from South Carolina

I. MEAT BOYCOTT pearing in the San Francisco Examiner, work; Local 316 in San Jose, 2800 members, We know that the American consumer to· it is estimated that the President's dis· 600 out of work. day spends a lower percentage of his income continuation of funding for these pro­ A slight increase in construction is ex­ on food than any other people in the world. pected in the spring, according to Al Tho­ grams will result in the loss of $355 mil­ man, Business agent of Oakland's Local 36. Much of the increase in prices of food is lion over the next 12 months in the Bay due to ready-to-serve, precooked, or other "But the future looks grim," he said. "What services performed on foods. We also know area economy. Unemployment among with the enormous increases in lumber that one-third of the grocery bill today is members of the carpenters union, ac· prices, coupled with the cost of private made up of non-food items. The consumer counting for approximately half the to· money, the new guidelines and requirements is more conscious of food prices because food tal building trade workers in the Bay called for in the preparation of Environmen­ is purchased weekly rather than on a. yearly area, is already running nearly twice the tal Impact Statements and the No-Growth movements around The Bay, the moratorium basis. We do not feel a. meat boycott wlll normal seasonal rate. reduce meat prices. The increased demand capped it up." for red meat has boosted meat prices during Local 36 in Oakland, with 2,200 work­ FEWER STARTS a short period, in contrast to the gradual ing members, has 510 men out of work; Bill Leonard, of the Associated Home increase of wages and other consumer costs Local 1622 in Hayward, 2,400 members, Builders, predicts fewer than 40,000 housin g over a long period of time, thereby making 434 out of work; Local162 in San Mateo, starts this year for the nine Bay Area Coun­ meat prices a. front page issue with the 800 members, 140 out of work; Local2114 ties, well down from the 60,000 the past year. farmer as the villain. We know this does not in Napa, 450 members, 128 out of work; "And we estimate," Leonard says, "that each present the true picture. Local 316 in San Jose, 2,800 members, 600 one of those starts represents about one and tt. FUTURE OF THE FARMER one quarter full time jobs. Add to that a. few out of work; Local 751 in Santa Rosa, side effects-like the fact that 20 percent of The continuing increase in the prices of 900 members, 199 out of work. farm inputs such as machinery, equipment, the teamsters locally are supported by trans­ feedstuffs, farm labor, and interest is the Mr. Speaker, Congress must act re­ porting building materials either to or major concern of this group. We know the sponsibly to provide for those who are within the Bay Area-and you get some idea. farmers' operation has become bigger and facing :financial hardship and loss of of the disaster we're looking at." more efficient each year, but this increase It is difficult to estimate the overall impact jobs due to the President's actions. I am of expensive money. No-Growth movements has just kept pace with inflation and rising including the full text of this article in input costs. Only recently have farm prices and other factors, but the effect of the mora­ increased and for the first time in many the RECORD, in order that the other Mem­ torium can be more closely predicted, accord­ years the farmer is being paid a fair price bers of Congress may be fuly aware of ing to Knowles. Californians Against The for producing his product. We as young Housing Moratorium, a lobby spearheaded by these hardships when we consider legis­ The State Council of Carpenters, which farmers are more concerned about the future lation to control the impoundment pow­ of the farmer because we are not as finan· Knowles had an active hand in forming, has cially stable as older farmers. High interest ers of the President. prepared an impact study of the moratorium and rising input costs have caused many [From the San Francisco Examiner, on the nine Bay Area counties. of us to wonder how long we can continue to Mar. 4, 1973] Based on U.S. Department o:: Labor studies Which estimate that there are 146 man-hours operate. THE CARPENTERS ARE HURTING IN THE per $1,000 of construction cost--58 hours of IU. FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE NEW ECONOMY on-site employment and 88 hours of off-site We do not want agriculture to fall into (By L. G. Maatz) employment-the study gives an estimated the hands of large corporations or be con­ The effect of the Federal Government's loss in employment of 26,557 man-years due trolled by the federal government. We also moratorium on subsidized housing will ulti­ to the moratorium. Put a bit differently, that want the American consumer to continue to mately be noted on graphs and charts, but is 45,991,158 man-hours. be the best fed person in the world at the its effect in human terms is being felt now­ Not all of that loss would directly affect most reasonable cost. The recent floods over in jobs. The Bay Area of course, a.s a good portion of our nation, the late planting season, and In dollar terms, the loss to the Bay Area it would be spread over to other areas in the decreased planting intentions of feed economy over the next twelve months will be the form of transportation workers, factory grains and soybeans could develop into a over $355 million. That, according to Clive labor and raw material development, but the real food shortage and even higher food Knowles of the State Council of Carpenters, impact on the local labor scene is clear. prices. will represent the loss of federally subsidized MIGHT LIFT EARLY We hope you will understand the farm side low and middle income housing, public hous­ of the meat boycott and realize our concern ing, college housing, open space grants and U.S. Senator Alan Cranston has indicated for the future of the farmer in our economy. basic water and sewer grants. that there is some possibllity that the mora­ torium might be lifted earlier than year and We would welcome the opportunity for you PIPELINE DRY to meet and talk with us about agriculture a half as first announced. The California. at any time. When those twelve months are up, the so­ Democrat quoted James T. Lyman, HUD sec­ Sincerely yours, called "pipeline" of applications for federally retary-designate, as saying that it would take subsidized housing and other programs will "about six months" to appraise the various JIM POWELL, Secretary. have run dry. The pipeline consists of appli­ programs and determine which ones should cants which had been approved by the De­ be continued, modified or eliminated. But partment of Housing and Urban Develop­ that is still nothing more than a possibllity, ment prior to January 6 of this year, when and the 18-month period still stands offi­ THE CARPENTERS ARE HURTING IN Secretary Romney announced the freeze. cially. THE NEW ECONOMY But the immediate issue is jobs. And the And, according to Knowles, it takes HUD evidence of the cutback is already evident in a year or more to get building applications local hiring halls. Unemployment among processed through to the construction stage. members of the Carpenters Union-which so an early reversal of the freeze would still HON. JEROME R. WALDIE accounts for approximately half the total take many months to regain the lost ground OF CALIFORNIA building trades workers in the Bay Area-is in construction, and, consequently, jobs. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES already running nearly twice the normal sea­ And jobs are what the union people are sonal rate. concerned with, not studies and appraisals. Tuesday, April 17, 1973 Some areas have been hit harder than And there is no denying that the jobs are Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, too often others, San Francisco being somewhat better getting fewer. we in Congress have focused our criticism off than most. Carpenter Locals 22 and 483 "Unemployment checks are running out," here report 77 and 191 men on their "out of says Local 36's Thoman, "and it's the wel­ of the President's impoundment policies work lists," not too far off the normal ten fare lines that will be forming next." all too narrowly and have overlooked the percent unemployment figure for this time peripheral effects of his actions. As I of year. noted at the time I introduced my legis­ Hl:GH !USES HELP HERE lation to require congressional approval The emphasis on office and high-rise con­ THE ROBERTO CLEMENTE SPORTS of the President's impoundment of ap­ struction, as opposed to residential, is re· CITY ACT OF 1973 propriated funds, such actions have very sponsible in large part for The City's good fortune. But in the suburbs, where residen­ seriously hurt the housing industry and tial construction is the key, the picture is less HON. HERMAN BADILLO its attempts to meet our future needs. favorable. OF NEW YORK Recently, I have learned how the freez­ Local 36 in Oakland, with 2200 working ing of funds for the Federal Govem­ members, reports 510 men out of work; Lo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment's public housing program has be­ cal 1622 in Hayward, with 2400 members, 434 Tuesday, April 17, 1973 out of work; Local 162 in San Mateo, 800 gun to affect the economy of the San members, 140 out of work; Local 2114 in Mr. BADILLO. Mr. Speaker, on New Francisco Bay area in my State of cali­ Napa, 450 members, 128 out of work; Local Year's Day of this year the world was fornia. In an article of March 4, 1973, ap- 751 in Santa Rosa, 900 members, 199 out of stunned and saddened to learn of the April 17, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12823 untimely death of baseball star Roberto vironmental research on a Canadian $3.57 SffiLOIN COSTS TOKYO Clemente. Ironically, the news of the pipeline is already underway. In fact, plane crash in which he died brought to 119 specific environmental and social light a side of Clemente that much of studies of a pipeline through Canada are HON. JOHN M. ZWACH the American public had not known be­ currently being conducted. OF MINNESOTA fore-that of a compassionate human While additional environmental re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES being anxious to be personally involved search is needed, clearly a great deal of Tuesday, April 17, 1973 in delivering relief supplies to the earth­ groundwork has already been done. Mr. ZWACH. Mr. Speaker, in an effort quake victims of Managua, Nicaragua. There is no doubt in my mind that as Although he himself was born into to put current food prices in their proper evidence accumulates, more and more perspective, we should look at the prices reasonably comfortable circumstances, Members of Congress will become con­ Roberto Clemente was deeply concerned we pay as compared to the rest of the vinced that the Canadian alternative is world. about the conditions of poverty faced by the best solution to supplying the oil many Puerto Rican youths, and as much Wayne Darrow, in the April 6, 1973 needs of the United States, particularly Washington Farmletter, presented some as 2 years ago he was dreaming of build­ the East and Midwest. ing a "Sports City" in Puerto Rico to pro­ interesting :figures on mid-March prices As many of my colleagues may know, on sirloin, broilers, and eggs in Brussels, vide training and opportunities for Canada's Energy Minister has offered to youngsters who might otherwise be rele­ London, Rome, Ottawa, Copenhagen, provide Interior Secretary Rogers C. B. Tokyo, and Stockholm. gated to the streets. As he had com­ Morton with all preliminary engineer­ mented shortly after the conclusion of Mr. Speaker, I would like to insert into ing and environmental studies of the the RECORD Mr. Darrow's figures for all the 1971 World Series: pipeline. I am calling today upon Mr. They spend millions of dollars for dope my colleagues to see. The figures follow: Morton to accept Energy Minister Mac­ If the United States can solve food-related control in Puerto Rico, but they attack the Donald's offer and begin cooperative en­ problem after the problem is there. Why don't production-inflation problems other Nations they attack it before it starts? You try to vironmental studies. Since many leaders will copy. Food prices rose 243% in Chile last get kids so they don't become dope addicts, of Congress have endorsed the Canadian year and 5.7% in Canada, 7.4% in the UK, and it would help to get them interested in alternative, it is high time for Mr. Mor­ 11.3% in Ireland, 4.3% here, and 3.7% in Ja­ sports and give them somewhere to learn to ton to examine this route. pan where groceries were already quite ex­ play them. pensive. While the environmental evidence Here are mid-March prices in various capi­ I am pleased today to introduce a bill, against the trans-Alaska pipeline is in­ tals: coauthored by the gentleman from credibly overwhelming, it is not widely Sirloin-$2.45 a lb. in Brussels, $1.88 in Puerto Rico, Mr. BENITEZ, and myself, a known that a great deal of positive en­ London, $2.79 in Rome, $1.68 in Ottawa, $1.69 bill which would serve to fulfill Clemen­ vironmental research has already been in Washington. Beef filet--$6.51 in Copen­ done on the Canadian route. The 119 hagen. T-bone-$3.57 a pound in Tokyo. te's dream by providing Federal assist­ Broilers-62¢ per lb. in Bonn. 93¢ in Copen­ ance to the Roberto Clemente Memorial studies are part of a $15 million, 3-year examination undertaken by Canada's hagen, 47¢ in London, 64¢ in Paris, $1 in Foundation to enable the foundation to Stockholm, $1.67 in Tokyo, 65¢ in Washing­ construct a youth recreational center in Department of Energy, Mines and Re­ ton. Puerto Rico. Joining us in cosponsoring sources to inYestigate the costs and bene­ Eggs-88¢ a dozen in Bonn, 93¢ in Brussels, the Roberto Clemente Sports City Act fits of pipeline development, particularly 71¢ in London, 86¢ in Copenhagen, 44¢ in of 1973 are our following colleagues: in the Mackenzie Valley region. Now that Paris, 83¢-$1.06 in Tokyo, 73¢ in Wash­ Mr. MOAKLEY of Massachusetts; Mr. SAR­ the pipeline issue is coming to a head, ington. BANES of Maryland; Mr. MITCHELL of the results of 54 of the studies being WAYNE DARROW. Maryland; Mr. LEGGETT of California; completed by July will be important fac­ Mr. RANGEL of New York; Mr. ROONEY of tors in any decision Congress makes. Thirty-nine reports, including studies of Pennsylvania; Mr. DELLUMS of Califor­ BORN WITH A WELL-FED MIND nia; Mr. MEEDS of Washington; Mrs. marine resources, landuse, permafrost CHISHOLM of New York; Mr. BINGHAM of wildlife and the geology of the Mackenzi~ New York; Mr. MADDEN of Indiana; Mr. Valley have already been completed. HON. JAMES J. HOWARD BURTON Of California; Mr. ROSENTHAL The vast majority of the studies are OF NEW JERSEY of New York; Mr. RoE of New Jersey; Mr. being prepared under the auspices of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BRASCO of New York, and Mr. DE LUGO of Canada's Energy, Mines and Resources Tuesday, April 17, 1973 the Virgin Islands. Our bill would au­ Ministry as well as the Department of thorize a Federal grant of $2.5 million Northern Development and Indian Af­ Mr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, the need for the sports city project, make the fairs and Department of the Environ­ for good nutrition is a topic many of us foundation eligible to receive Federal ment. In addition, 22 studies are being have discussed in depth. More and more, surplus property and equipment, and di­ undertaken by other government agen­ people throughout the United States are rect appropriate Federal departments becoming increasingly aware that poor and agencies to provide technical assist­ cies, associations, and universities. nutrition is a very serious problem. ance. Canada is also confronting the prob­ Recently I had the opportunity to read It is our feeling that no more fitting lem of financing a northern pipeline. As an article on nutrition in Human Needs, memorial could be found to honor the many of my colleagues may know, Secre­ a Government magazine put out by the memory of a man who was not only a tary Morton has complained publicly Department of Health, Education, and legendary sports figure, but a hero to the that Canada could not finance an oil Welfare's Social and Rehabilitation youth of his country as well. The ideals pipeline. Service. which Roberto Clemente's life symbol­ Last month, Donald MacDonald, the The author of the article, Kathleen ized can be appreciated by all of us, and Canadian Minister of Energy, Mines and Lyons, did an excellent job of both re­ especially at a time in history when the Resources appointed a 15-man task force searching this subject and writing an problems of youth have come so much to study the financial and economic im­ article which was both interesting and to the forefront. pact of Canadian northern pipeline de­ informative. Because of the value of this velopment. article I commend it to my colleagues : As hearings continue, in the House BORN WITH A WELL-FED MIND CANADA STUDIES PIPELINE subcommittee on Public Lands chaired (By Kathleen Lyons) EXTENSIVELY by the distinguished gentleman from Many administrators of social service pr.:l­ Montana, (Mr. MELCHER), I am sure that grams are trying to help people whose first deficits may have occurred even before they HON. LES ASPIN it will become increasingly clear that the were born. Although we don't have a.ll the OF WISCONSIN Canadian alternative offers overwhelm­ exact scientific data at this time, we do know that certain prenatal and postnatal condi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing economic advantages to the Midwest and East and that the environmental tions lead persons on a lifetime path that Tuesday, April 17, 1973 is may be marked by illness, disability, and an costs of the trans-Alaska pipeline so lnabllity to compete successfully with other Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, it is not prohibitive that Congress will chooses human beings in the very complicated busi­ widely known that a great deal of en- the Canadian route. ness of living. 12824 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 17, 1973 one of the most important deficits t hat we systems of rats: (I) cell division, (II) cell ity and quantity of available foods must be are studying these days is in the area of nu­ division and increasing organ size, and (ill) placed into a context that also includes trition. The building-blocks of the various increasing size of the cells themselves. The hormonal and genetic factors plus emotional human systems-skeletal, nervous, muscular, transition from one phase to the next de­ deprivation, social class, family size, and the etc --come from the foods ingested by the pends on the synthesis of DNA ( deoxyribo­ efficiency of the mother. We must also keep per:Wn either in the fetal state before birth nucleic acid) slowing and then stopping. in mind that malnutrition. does occur pri­ or as an infant just after birth. Hence, in Winick has shown that severe malnutrition marily among the underprivileged and does order to participate in sensible long-term in phases I and II during the vulnerable produce increased and chronic Infection, social service planning, the planner ought to periods of birth will permanently reduce the particularly diarrhea, among the young. equate "long-term" with the word "lifetime." total number of cells in the brain despite These infections in turn produce the vi­ If we can understand what people need be­ any nutritional supplementation at a later cious cycle of higher metabolic demands, fore they are born as well as what they need date. lower food intake, and poorer absorption of during the rest of their lives, then it is pos­ Other reports of experimental work with nutrients. The nutritional state further sible to make some real headway. Certainly rats and pigs demonstrate poorer cerebral deteriorates. this would be a most helpful point of view performance-a measurable reduction in Science has only just scratched the sur­ when the planner approaches the whole area brain potential-associated with a history of face of cause-effect relationships between o! nutrition. early undernutrition. Such animals can prenatal nutrition and human development. Actually for Americans the subject is neither learn nor unlearn a task as fast as There is no agreement on an ideal diet for rather new. Until five years ago, for example, animals adequately fed during the early vul­ a pregnant mother nor do scientists agree we considered malnutrition to be a problem nerable periods. When presented with a vari­ on the safest, most effective way to provide existing only in underdeveloped or in newly ety of unpleasant or irritable situations, such food to small or premature babies (by oral developing nations but not in the United animals tend also to overact in frustration, or intravenous means, for example) . The evi­ states. But in the late 1960's, during the rise tension, and anger. dence does at least suggest that low-weight in the general social consciousness of this It is worthwhile noting that different rou­ infants do resume growth right after birth country, more Americans turned to the prob­ tines of malnutrition have been introduced and that this vulnerable postnatal period lems of hunger and malnutrition here at to pregnant mother rats. The results have may be highly significant for making up home. been lower birth weights for the newborn. through improved nutrition whatever deficits Since then the scientific community has When these newborn are given over to well­ may have occurred in the development of concentrated more of its resources in this fed lactating mother rats as "foster rats," the brain while the child was in utero. There area and some interesting results have come the newborn do gain in body weight and is still the caution, however, that the answer about. For example, in the fall of 1972 at a their general health tends to improve dra­ to some of these problems is not as simple gathering of nutrition scientists in Mexico matically. However, despite this improve­ as overnutrition or some new food fad. A City, approximately one-fourth of the papers ment, these newborn of underfed mothers recent study from Russia, for example, presented dealt with prenatal and early never achieve the same body weight as rats showed a substantial increase in abortion postnatal nutrition. It is now generally who had normal births from mothers nor­ among pregnant women taking large doses acknowledged that the mother's diet during mally fed. of vitamin C. pregnancy and lactation has an enormous So much for animals. But what does this The additional energy requirements dur­ and lasting effect upon the physical and mean for people? ing pregnancy and lactation, allowing !or a mental development of the newborn infant. Working with human fetuses that had 2Q-25 pound increase in body weight of the We should understand that malnutrition, been aborted or which were available during mother and diminished activity as gestation or "poor nutrition," can be defined as a state autopsies of the mothers, Drs. Dobbing and proceeds, could be met by consuming an ad­ in which the individual is deprived of one Winick have studied the growth of the hu­ ditional 200 calories per day (2,000 calories or more nutrients such that the growth proc­ man brain. They generally agree that the normally allowed) . ess is slowed down and speclflc biochemical most rapid brain cell division (Winick's At the present time, approximately 47 changes and clinical syndromes appear. phase I) takes place before birth. Dobbing percent of the dietary calories are derived Among the most severe cases overseas we find has identlfled two major periods of cellular from carbohydrate sources such as sugars children with retarded growth, edema (the multiplication: the first is between Week 15 and starch, while 41 percent of the calories swelling caused by the collection of water in and Week 20 of gestation; the second is are derived from fat. Except for the body's hungry tissues), a. variety of skin changes, after Week 25 and ends in the second year of specific need for carbohydrate as an energy and death. Marasmus--emaciation and a gen­ postnatal life. During that first period, how­ source for the brain and other specialized eral wasting away-is caused by extreme food ever, Dobbing believes a tremendous pro­ purposes, carbohydrates and fats appear to deprivation after birth, particularly the ab­ liferation of cells for the nervous system be interchangeable as dietary energy sources. sence of calories and protein. A second clini­ occurs, an intensive "neuroblast" period. U Elsewhere on this page are the recom­ cal syndrome-kawashiorkor--caused by pro­ this is the case then good nutrition for the mended daily dietary allowances of the Food tein deficiency, is a complex of stunted fetus would seem to be very much desired. and Nutrition Board, National Academy of growth, edema, anemia, apathy, and other But ordinarily the fetus is not directly Sciences-National Research Council. signs of general physical and mental de­ fed; nourishment comes from the mother. Still, when all Is said and done, all this terioration. The word kwashiorkor comes For many, many years it had been assumed vital scientific data will do little good if the from Ghana and was always associated with that the fetus in utero would always do information is not transmitted to the public the diet problems of people somewhere else; well, drawing from the mother's reserves for its use. Frankly, low- and medium-in­ so it was something of a deep shock when a any and all nutriments it might need­ come people will have to be re-educated as Public Health Service survey turned up cases whether the mother could spare them or not. to which foods contain the nutrients they of clinical kwashiorkor here in the U.S. The impression-a false one-was that no need for themselves and their children. In Although great strides have been made in matter how marginal or poor the mother's the nutritional sciences during the past few addition, it is clear that low-income persons diet was, the baby would be brought to terms will have to be given additional aid in getting years, most of our information has not come as normal. the foods they need. Then again, all per­ from humans. Civilized science simply will Recent findings indicate that a pregnant sons in our society must get to know the not allow the starving of mothers and infants mother must have a greater intake of many nutrient composition o! new synthetic foods in order to gather new clinical information. of the nutrients to produce not just a nor­ That would be barbarism, not science. Hence, coming into greater use, in order to somehow mal appearing baby, but a baby that has control one's nutrient intake. This is no small much of what we know today about prenatal developed to its full genetic potential while matter. nutrition and development comes from ani­ in utero. Birth weights and mother weights Clearly we must help low-income persons mal studies. Once we have at least a. working are very relative: a 7-pound baby may be get the foods they need at every stage of their knowledge of animals, we can go on to man. underdeveloped for one mother, while a 5- lives. We must learn more about their dietary Some important work done in England has pound baby may have reached its full poten­ requirements and how these match up with shown that nutritional damage to the adult tial within the body of another mother. their socio-cultural food preferences. Finally, rat is limited: no matter how severely an A number o! relia.ble investigations have adult rat is starved, there appear to be no we all have a responsibility to facilitate the also turned up other evidence. For instance, delivery of food to the poor so that we may detectable effects on lipids, protein, or nucleic there is a correlation between the degree of acids in the brain of the rat. However, even one day see a dramatic reduction (if not the malnutrition beginning at various times dur­ outright elimination) of malnutrition in this mlld undernutrition during the brain's fast­ ing gestation and continuing in the first est growth period before the animal's birth year or two of life and later the individual's land of abundance. will permanently affect its composition. smaller head size, lower intelligence, lower These brains of mildly starved prenatal RECOMMENDED DAILY DIETARY ALLOWANCES DURING brain weight, and fewer brain cells. Chlldren PREGNANCY AND LACTATION rats may also show degenerative changes of showed slower rates of development for neurons and neuroglial cells. mental and motor functions during the first The British work-done by Drs. Dobbing three years of life. Pregnancy Lactation and Widdowson-has shown that growth may The evidence associating severe malnutri­ kcaL ______------______.: be stunted if there is undernutrition of tion with reduced intellectual capacity is +200 +1, 0~~ the rat during the vulnerable prenatal and reasonably clear; the evidence for mild or Protein (gm) ______65 postnatal periods. Dr. M. Winick has further even chronic malnutrition is not. However, Fat-Soluble Vitamins: Vitamin A Activity (IU) __ _;; 6,000 B,~g shown that there seem to be three critical one can't isolate nutrition !rom the environ­ Vitamin 0 (IU) ______.: 400 phases of growth in the organs and organ ment of the fetus and the infant. The qual- Vitamin E Activity (IU) •••• 30 30 April 17, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12825 statement . . . the demand for beef has out­ rine for further purification. The tertiary step Pregnancy Lactation distanced the supply, and that which is removes microscopic contaminants such as available on the part of this nation's live­ phosphorous, usually with activated carbon. Water-Soluble Vitamins: stock industry may remedy the situation. The water from such advanced treatment Ascorbic Acid (mg) ______60 60 Waving protest signs and huTllng angry plants is generally fit for recreational use, Folacin • (mg) ______0.8 0.5 accusations will not. if not for drinking. Niacin (mg equiv) d ______.: 15 20 Riboflavin (mg) ______1.8 2.0 Til says ozone ls economical enough for Thiamine (mg) ______+0.5 the tertiary step if it ls coupled with ultra­ Vitamin 86 (mg) ______~J 2..5 sonics. High-frequency sound waves rattle Vitamin B u (J..g) ______8 6 both microbes and dissolved particles, break­ Minerals: POLLUTION CONTROL Calcium (g) ______:: +0.4 +0.5 ing them into sub-micron size. In this form, Phosphorus (g) ______+0.4 +0.5 they are highly susceptible to ozone's strong Iodine (J..g) ______.: 125 150 OF oxidizing effect, so less ozone is required. Iron (mg) ______~ 18 18 Magnesium (mg) ______450 It can be made from air with spark discharge 450 HON. JAMES R. GROVER, JR. equipment sold by such manufacturers as OF NEW YORK Welsbach Corp., Crane Co., and W. R. Grace. Source: Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council In eftect, says TII, it will cost no more to (1968). IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES use ozone than to buy chlorine, which does not provide tertiary treatment. Tuesday, April 17, 1973 ANOTHER SIDE TO THE MEAT SOME UNKNOWNS BOYCOTT Mr. GROVER. Mr. Speaker, the prob­ The company also points out that ozone lem of waste water treatment is one of quickly reverts to oxygen once it serves its the most serious challenges to our en­ purpose. In contrast, chlorine lingers in the HON. SAM STEIGER vironment. I am happy to make known etnuent and becomes a pollutant itself. Still, OF ARIZONA an effort within my own district as set direct exposure to large quantities of ozone IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES forth in Business Week: can be dangerous, and the EPA ls backing studies in Michigan to determine whether Tuesday, April 17, 1973 POLLUTION CONTROL--Is OzONE THE WAY To there are any adverse side effects associated Mr. STEIGER of Arizona. Mr. Speak­ TREAT SEWAGE? with ozonated materials. The agency is com­ er, the attention of the media continues As every pool owner knows, chlorine is paring ozone disinfection with straight to focus on the price of beef. Unfortu­ widely used in the U.S. to disinfect water. chlorination combined with dechlorination, nately, much of the commentary on this But the pungent, greenish yellow gas is high­ and it wlll make a cost analysis of the three ly poisonous in certain forms. It is one of the approaches. subject has been highly emotional and The EPA has no doubt that ozone works, has falled to present all of the facts as main constituents of mustard gas, for exam­ ple, which took untold lives during World however. About three years ago, the agency they actually exist. War I . As a result, Europeans prefer to purify awarded Airco, Inc., a contract to build and I would like to bring to my col­ their drlnklng water with ozone. Now a tiny operate a 50,000-gal.-per-day pilot plant to leagues' attention an editorial by Mr. American company says it can use ozone to study tertiary treatment with ozone. Airco Homer Lane of KOOL radio-television, clean sewage-and at an almost unbelievably discovered that the chemical completely ob­ Phoenix, Ariz. Mr. Lane's remarks pre­ low price. The company, Telecommunications literated organic material, killed all bacteria, Industries, Inc., of Copiague, L.I., is selling added oxygen to the water, and reduced sent a side of this issue that has re­ odors, discoloration, and turbidity. In short, ceived too little attention. advanced waste-water treatment plants that, says Angus D. Henderson, a Long Island con­ says Bradley S. Kirk, an Airco engineer who EDI'l'ORIAL BY HOMER LANE sultant retained by Til, "provide complete worked on the project, "the etnuent was just Ang·ry housewives throughout Arizona and tertiary treatment for the normal price of as thoroughly treated as you can get, short the nation wonder why the price of beef secondary.'' of distillation." Airco has not tried to com­ suddenly has shot skyward. They wave pro­ This week, construction started on Til's merc.lalize the process. test signs suggesting that someone or some first commercial installation, situated at In­ Til, a $2.5-million company whose main product is a line of electrical surge protectors segment of our food chain is making a diantown, Fla. This private community ls handsome and unfair profit at the expense paying less than $500,000 for a showcase that it sells to telephone companies, first got of the consumer. plant that will handle 500,000 gal. of etnuent involved with ozone in 1970, at about the It would be nice if the situation were dally. "I admit they're getting a bit of a same time Airco did. "I saw a demonstration that simple, for then we could ferret out break," says Alfred J. Roach, Til's chairman. at some show," recalls Roach, an enterprising the greedy ones, bring sanctions of some "But that's way below the going rate." A man who has apparently made his fortune sort against them and thus restore bee! conventional tertiary plant of comparable through such serendipity (he says he picked prices to their previous level. Unfortunately, size usually costs $800,000 or more. up the idea for his surge protectors at a cock­ however, the picture is much more compli­ Even at that price, cleanup by convention­ tall party in Europe) . "I bought one of the cated than that, and today's high beef prices al methods might not be as good. For more models and asked our lab to see whalt they may be the result of a combination of cir­ than a year, Til has had a 15,000 gal.-per could do with it," he says. "One of the engi­ cumstances that cannot be easily remedied. day pilot plant operating at Notre Dame Uni­ neers came up with the idea of ultrasonics." For example, much of this nation's cow versity, and the equipment amazes even ex­ With that, Til decided to demonstrate the country experienced a severe drought in the perts. Alton G. Cox, Jr., an engineer with system on Long Island. John M. Perlale, who spring and summer of 1971. Ranchers who Florida's Pollution Control Dept., inspected was then a commissioner for the town of managed to carry their cow herds through the pilot plant after Indiantown officials said Islip, was impressed. He accepted Roach's that period did so at considerable extra they would use Til's system-voluntarily offer to take over as vice-president in charge expense and were rewarded with a calf crop electing for tertiary treatment. "The quality of Til's newly iormed Ecology Div. At the that was light and late last year. Those who of water coming out was unbelievable,'' ex­ time, Roach's son was attending Notre Dame. could not carry their heTds through the During a visit to the school, Roach mentioned drought had to restock. Again, this cost them claims Cox. "It was clearer than the distilled his system to one of the professors in the extra money and gave them a light crop of water used to calibrate the equipment." Environmental Health Engineering Program. calves. POWERFUL CLEANSER Notre Dame expressed interest, and the out­ An increase in predatory activity also took Scientists have long known that ozone, a come was a research contract for the pilot its toll of calves; and in the face of a rapidly hyperactive variant of oxygen, ls a powerful plant. expanding market, cattle feeders had to look cleansing agent. It has even been considered Wayne F. Echelberger, Jr., Notre Dame's harder and pay more for the animals they for sewage treatment before. Several years technical coordinator for the project, says needed to fill their pens. ago, the Environmental Protection Agency the pilot plant indicates that Til's process At the same time, as a result of an edict studied ozonation for water treatment, and wlll meet "all current state and federal water issued by the Federal Environmental Pro­ several large corporations are currently re­ quality standards, as wei! as those that we tection Agency, the use of Di-ethyl stilbes­ searching it. But until now, no one has ever can anticipate in the foreseeable future." trol (DES) in feed no longer was permitted. considered ozonation to be competitive with Operating costs, he adds, may be less than In some instances, this increased by ten per­ existing treatment techniques. And the mar­ with a conventional system, which would take cent the amount of beef it takes to produce ket hardly seems ready for new tertiary sys­ up anywhere from 5 to 10 times as much a pound of beef. tems when so many cities still cling to their space. Also, effective this year, the U. S. Forest old primary treatment plants. Notre Dame is now anxious to find out what Service and the U.S. Department of Interior Primary treatment is basically a sedimen­ else ozone can do. Morris Pollard, a noted Bureau of Land Management increased tation step during which solids settle out of professor of microbiology and director of the grazing fees fifteen percent, thus increasing the waste water. In secondary treatment, prestigious Lobund Laboratory, is studying the cost of producing a pound of bee! by organic wastes are removed by filtration or ozone's effect on viruses. "It looks as though about that same percentage throughout by aeration, whlch cultivates bacteria that it is a very effective sterilizing agent," says most of the western states. consume the pollutants. Often, a plant will Pollard. "It's about as destructive as anything To sum up all of this into one succinct then flood its secondary etnuent with chlo- I've seen." 12826 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS · April 17, 1973 SUPPORT MOUNTS FOR MASS budget, the cominittee blll could thus enable originally reported by the House Bank­ TRANSIT HIGHWAY FUND OPTION cities to not build roads, but give them little ing and Currency Committee. help in building anything else. I opposed H.R. 6168, as it came from In contrast to the uncertainties of the committee, and I felt that mandatory HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON committee bill, the Anderson amendment iS simple and sure. It would avoid the fiscal rollbacks would be nothing short of dis­ OF CALIFORNIA pitfalls and adininistrative snarls, by au­ astrous to farmers and small business­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thorizing another use of trust-fund monies men. I was, therefore, pleased to see Tuesday, April 17, 1973 which-as the recent appellate court decision that the substitute bill which was finally underscored-are virtually immune from im­ adopted contained no mandatory roll­ Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. poundment. This feature should make the backs. Speaker, more and more members of the Anderson amendment especially appealing to advocates of fiscal sanity and bureaucratic I did, however, vote against the sub­ news media are joining the fight to per­ stitute bill, on final passage, because I mit cities to use their share of the High­ sense. Fortunately the House Rules Committee, favored a 2-year rather than a 1-year way Trust Fund for mass transit, roads pushed by Speaker Carl Albert, has paved the ~xte~sion of the present law. As the leg­ or a combination of the two. way for a direct, up-or-down vote on the lSlatiOn now stands, the act will expire I welcome all of the mass media who Anderson amendment. The measure has the on April 30, 1974, in the middle of an have joined with us. administration's full support and a. similar election year. It is reassuring to see organizations provision has already been passed by the Senate. Given this chance to consider the Infiation is a serious problem which such as The Washington Post and KFWB crosses party lines, and which can be of California recognizing our amendment alternatives squarely on their merits, the House should approve the Anderson amend­ solved only by bipartisan efforts. It as an efficient method of solving the ment as a. timely and useful reform. makes no sense to me to ask that this cities' tremendous traffic snarls. issue be made a political football which Both the Post and KFWB have pre­ FEDERAL GAS TAX MONEY FOR PUBLIC TRANSIT is what the Congress is doing by allow­ pared extremely cogent editorials in sup­ (By Gordon Davis, vice president) ing it to expire at that time. port of the Anderson amendment to S. Representative Glenn Anderson, of Harbor 502. I am presenting their well-developed City, is about to lead a major fight in Con­ opinions so that all my colleagues may gress to open the federal gas tax fund for use have the opportunity of reading them. in public transit systems. WHY NOT END THE HIGHWAY The material follows: Here's the situation: TRUST FUND? GETTING THE HIGHWAY F U ND ON THE RIGHT The federal gas tax highway fund was TRACKS started in 1956 to build our inter-state The House is scheduled to take up the highway system. It now holds $6 billion. The HON. FRANK J. BRASCO three-yea.r, $25.9-billion highway bill this syst em is 80 percent finished and will be OF NEW YORK complete in 1979. week. The measure reported by the Public IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Works Committee has several noteworthy Meanwhile, as we build magnificent high­ features, including important highway safety ways through mountains and deserts and Tuesday, April 1'1, 1973 provisions and a refreshing absence of at­ farmlands, nearly every major U.S. city has begun strangling on a combination of auto­ Mr. BRASCO. Mr. Speaker, I have the tempts to advance specific projects by cir­ privilege to represent a congressional dis­ cumventing environmental laws. But the key bile traffic and inadequate public transit. vote will come on the amendment, to be Anderson and twenty-eight other congress­ trict which is entirely urban. In fact, the offered by Rep. Glenn Anderson (D-Calif.), men want to split off one-ninth of the gas overwhelming majority of Americans, 77 which would permit cities to use their shares tax fund . . . $700 million . . . and use it percent we are informed, reside in urban of a. $700-million-per-year urban systems to help cities build transit systems. and suburban areas. To such people, one funds for roads, mass transit or a mixture of Nearly half the House and a majority of of the most vital concerns is effective the two. Although the House vote is expected the Senate support Anderson. But he still faces heavy opposition. mass transit. Today there is no such to be close, the cause of fiexibillty in urban beast to be found. In fact, it is no exag­ transportation has already had an impact Fighting Anderson are lobbyists for the in the House. truckers, asphalt pavers, highway contrac­ geration to say that as of this moment it The first signs of change within the Public tors, auto club, and the concrete, petro­ is virtually impossible to move large Works Committee, a. panel noted in the past leum and automobile industries. numbers of people with economy, safety for its devotion to road-building and its ten­ KFWB supports Congressman Glenn An­ regularity, and speed across urban and dency to emphasize the needs of rural a.reas. derson in his fight: the highway monopoly's suburban areas. An occasional exception hold on the federal gas tax fund should be The committee rejected the Anderson amend­ can be found, but they are almost always ment, 29-8, but did approve a. measure fash­ broken. The public's money should go where the unique rather than part of any emerging ioned primarily by Rep. Jim Wright (D­ pattern. Texas) which comes remarkably close to public's probleins lie. And the problems of serving the same goals. In essence, under the transportation today do not lie between the Here, then, is one of the major social committee bill cities would be able to obtain whea.tfields of Iowa or in the mountains of needs of America today; reliable, low­ new aid for mass transit projects in two Western America. They lie in the cities, cost, fast mass transit to serve heavily ways: by turning back all or part of their snarled and strangled with traffic, virtually populated areas. Our cities are strangling urban systems grants, and by canceling con­ helpless at times because millions find it so difficult to get from point to point. on unsafe, uneconomical automobiles and troversial interstate projects which local, the smog they pour out in vast quan­ state and federal officials agree a.re not vital tities. We have no further desire turn to the continuity of the interstate system. to The federal funds released by either move our cities and suburbs into parking lots would be returned to the trust fund for re­ THE ECONOMIC STAB~ZATION at expense of people and other vital facil­ allocation elsewhere, and an equivalent ACT ities they require. We note the problem, amount would theoretically be made avail­ yet no real progress is made. People in able for mass transit from general revenues. our Nation's metropolitan areas have a The Public Works Commit tee has thus ac­ right to ask why. cepted for the first time the concept that HON. HAROLD V. FROEHLICH Certainly my own constituents in cities should have the flexibility to devote a OF WISCONSIN Brooklyn are asking that question, with given quantity of federal aid to rail transit IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES instead of roads. In this respect, the Wright excellent reasons and growing impa­ proposal is a serious attempt to help the Tuesday, April 17, 1973 tience. traffic-choked big cities without diverting One reason is that all of us are feeding, money from the highway t rust fund to proj­ Mr. FROEI:ll..ICH. Mr. Speaker, yester­ through user taxes, a sacred cow known day the House of Representatives passed ects which don't use roads. Aside from the as the highway trust fund. Federal user administrative intricacies involved, the com­ legislation providing a straight 1-year taxes, mainly paid out by city and subur­ Inittee approach has only one big flaw-but extension of the Economic Stabilization ban dwellers, continually pour into this that appears to be a fatal one: there is no Act, after overwhelmingly rejecting all trust fund, which is utilized solely to guarantee that the mass transit aid from efforts to freeze or roll back prices, rents, general revenues would really be available. construct ever more interstate highways. and interest rates. This legislation would It is misuse of such funds that allows the The contract authority could all too easily continue to provide the President with be withheld, limited or stretched out by highway lobby to punch freeways either the executive branch or the appro­ authority to control wages and prices, as through our cities and parks. It was this priations committees; this has already hap­ he feels necessary, but it does not require vast reservoir of cash, constantly replen­ pened to the existing program of mass tran­ mandatory controls or rollbacks such as ished, that almost allowed the Three Sis­ sit grants. Given the current stat" of the those proposed in H.R. 6168, as it was ters Bridge atrocity to be foisted upon April 17, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12827 the Nation's Capital. New York City has ute the overwhelming majority of our "Even if abortion were legalized, no law membership in Congress. We have in­ could take away the feelings of guilt which fought off several similar attempts to inevitably accompany it. You don't violate punch commuter roads through viable creasingly been reflecting their desires. the sacredness of 11fe with impunity. Any po­ neighborhoods. This in itself is serious often flying in the face of more estab­ sition which doesn't respect the rights of the enough. But there is much more. lished interests within our party and the unborn is a position which opposes those We in the cities and suburbs pay the Congress. rights. As Deuteronomy 30: 19 says, 'See, I lion's share of tax in every way, be it to Some powerful Members see no rea­ have set before you life and death •.. choose the Federal Government's general reve­ son to admit to the necessity for accom­ li!e.'" nues or into the highway trust fund modating the essential needs of metro­ through gasoline and tire levies. My home politan areas and suburbs. Some feel state of New York, for example, pays in free to consort with those very interests WELFARE SCANDA~XIII a minimum of $23 billion annually to the opposing alleviation of those same prob­ Federal Treasury. We receive in return a lems with which we are grappling. We HON. VERNON W. THOMSON maximum of some $3 to $4 billion annu­ come to them, oftentimes as supplicants, ally for all purposes. Now we desperately seeking compromise and recognition of OF WISCONSIN require urban mass transit funds from the justice of a given cause. Each time IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Washington and have asked for them our sole reply is a harsh rebuff. Tuesday, April 17, 1973 again and again. Yet each time we have Such a situation is intolerable. No Mr. THOMSON of Wisconsin. Mr. been rudely rebuffed. Each time we are vested interests, no matter how strong, Speaker, adding to the ineffectiveness told it is impossible, to the growing frus­ can indefinitely oppose the will of the bred of the organization of this Na­ tration and outrage of urban and subur­ majority of our citizens whose pressing tion's public welfare system is the stark ban taxpayers. need is assistance in coping with every­ fact that the system invites fraud. A re­ A powerful highway lobby exists here day difficulties making their lives vir­ cent study by two reporters for the Mil­ in Washington, making vast profits out of tually impossible. waukee Sentinel concluded that about 20 major upork-barrel" undertakings such No more classic example can be found percent of the budget of the Milwaukee as interstate highway construction. Any than in the case of this question of Fed­ County Welfare Department is being raw materials supplier for roads belongs. eral aid to urban mass transit. wasted. Auto, tire, and oil interests, America's So frustrated are many people that a Welfare administrators. in Milwaukee worst enemies in my opinion, are working new alternative is being spoken of, and claim only 1 percent of the cases they day and night to maintain intact their it is more than the unacceptable meas­ handle involve fraud. Other jurisdictions coalition and privileges under this flea­ ure the Public Works Committee seeks report similar low figures. This has led bitten sacred cow. It is a similar lobbying to foist upon this House. some to conclude that the system is basi­ effort to that successfully undertaken re­ Why should not advocates of direct cally sound and that "Archie Bunker"­ cently by the auto crowd on weakening major Federal aid to mass transit en­ types who suspect welfare cheating is enforcement of antipollution standards. sure that no Federal aid to highways more widespread are just indulging their To its everlasting credit, the Nixon ad­ legislation clears this body? No mass prejudices against poor people. ministration has endorsed the concept of transit; no roads. When we obtain mass But there is widespread welfare cheat­ tapping this trust fund to allow local au­ transit aid funds with no strings at­ ing. The 1 percent figure for Milwau­ thorities flexibility in choosing urban tached, then there shall be adequate kee does not represent all cheaters. It roads or transit. The Senate has already road funding. simply represents those who are caught approved "flexible use" of some $850 mil­ Today, this concept is still a possibil­ and convicted of welfare fraud. If the lion in urban roads money, on March 13 ity. Tomorrow it may not be such an percentages of apprehension and convic­ of this year. ethereal approach. Rather, it may be­ tion for welfare fraud run in the same Unfortunately, here in the House, the come quite tangible. magnitude as for other crimes, the 1 per­ pork barrel bunch has a better chance of Let the highway lobby take note that cent figure is a gross understatement of halting this greatly overdue, minimal re­ times have changed. Let them finally the problem. form. Our colleague, Mr. ANDERSON of comprehend that the "good old days" This segment of the Sentinel series California, has waged a heroic battle to and the "good old boys" are gone for explores the way that public agencies gain adoption of an amendment allowing good. Nor are they ever likely to domi­ have adjusted to the condition of con­ local governments to make their own nate again. tinuing fraud. Unfortunately, the article choice between roads and mass transit. Today it is not too late to compromise, does not show the steps being taken to The House Public Works Committee bill and everyone will emerge with a signif­ eliminate the fraud which leads one to emerges as a fraud on the cities and a icant portion of the loaf. If, however, slap in the face to their increasingly out­ suspect that precious little is being done the powers that be still insist on deny­ to improve this cancerous condition. raged requests for some of their own tax ing the overwhelming majority of Amer­ money for use in mass transit. The com­ It is past time that Congress act to icans what they so obviously want, then reform welfare and end this national dis­ mitee bill is a sham, only paying lip­ inevitably and eventually, one party is service to mass transit. Under its terms, grace. all we would receive is more detested going to emerge with most of the loaf, The article follows: highways, which my home city of New and it will be the mass transit interest. WELFARE FRAUD: 20 PERCENT OR 1 PERCENT? York needs as much as Greenland needs (By Gene Cunningham and Stuart Wilk) more ice and snow. Study after study indicates that the Mil­ It is to the credit of our Rules Com­ DR. BILLY GRAHAM ON ABORTION waukee County Welfare Department's cases mittee that it has cleared the way for the are riddled with fraud and administrative now inevitable floor fight over fair divi­ error. How many millions of dollars in tax money sion of transportation funds. For a battle HON. LAWRENCE J. HOGAN are being wasted each year as a result? we shall have, and another one after OF MARYLAND Supervisor William E. Nagel says $28 mil­ that. And as many more as we shall IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lion was wasted last year and more than $30 require after that. Until we have won our Tuesday, April 17, 1973 million Will be wasted this yea.r-20% of the point, our fight and our funding. total department budget, because 20% or It is vital to point out that this is Bt Mr. HOGAN. Mr. Speaker, today I more of the department's cases are on the bipartisan struggle. Much credit is due would like to insert in the RECORD a welfare rolls through fraud or error. those members of the other party who statement by Rev. Billy Graham on the Not so, says Arthur Silverman, welfare di­ subject of abortion. rector. There is only 1% fraud, Silverman have taken a courageous stand on behalf says. of a vital people's issue. DR. Bn.LY GRAHAM ON ABORTION He cites as a basis for his 1 % figure "the Insofar as the majority party of this Someone recently asked Dr. Billy Graham number of court convictions" for fraud. House is con~erned, a few words are in if the vacuum method was not a satisfactory Yet, his own department official ln charge order here. It is my growing impression solution to the abortion problem. His answer of fraud investigation said that the bulk of that in recent years the previously dis­ as printed in the St. Paul Dispatch (12-1-72) discovered fraud cases never get to court. was as follows: Instead, said the official, agreements are possessed and nnheard have gained a "Murder is murder, whether you shoot the sought for the repayment of the frauduently stronger voice in our caucus and our victim With a revolver, or disconnect his llfe obtained money. councils. Cities and suburbs now contrib- support mechanisms. . . . The last study done of fraud and error in 12828 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April '17, 1973 the department turned up a 20% figure­ hours and the lost time and confusion that with the government and spawns a mon­ labeled "inappropriately spent funds." result from mismanagement. ster. One more example of this undemo­ The percentage is "probably much higher Pra.ud, Nagel said, is an elusive thing. The cratic union has crossed my desk, and I than that," said Nagel, chairman of the 20% fraud and error can be pinned down, want to share its results with my col­ County Board's Welfare and Human Re­ but there is fraud going on that no one knows sources Committee. about or suspects, he said. leagues. The 1969 study that turned up 20% was Many clients move away when they find Last August, the Interstate Commerce an investigation of cases of Aid to Families they're being investigated for fraud, he said. Commission convened 3 days of hearings with Dependent Children (AFDC), the larg­ "These cases are never computed in any­ on applications filed by a small truck­ est single category of welfare payments in one's fraud percentages," Nagel said. ing firm in Idaho. The truck movements both numbers of cases and millions of dol­ ANOTHER KIND OF FRAUD in question involved 300 loads of irriga­ lars. Nagel sees another kind of fraud that isn't tion pipeline desperately needed by There is reason to believe that that margin classified by the department as such and Idaho farmers before the spring planting of fraud and error extends across the other about which nothing is done. It's the fraud lesser categories of aid, according to Nagel. season. Those materials are still sitting involved in the client's failure to pay those in Portland, Oreg., and the ICC judge In fact, the 20% probably has grown even bills that the department has given him the larger since 1969, Nagel said. money to pay. who heard the ·case is yet to offer an The experience of the Sheriff's Department "If you don't pay your rent and utilities, opinion. If someone in this Chamber Fraud Squad substantiates Nagel's belief. that's fraud," Nagel declared. missed my point, I will emphasize it The squad handles fraud cases-not ad­ "If I didn't pay rent, I'd be out in the again-it has taken that judge 9 months ministrative error-and the number of cases street," he said. already, and we still have no firm com­ it handles is only a small percentage of the Yet welfare recipients in quantity do not mitment from ICC that he is ready to actual fraud, discovered and undiscovered, pay the basic costs of living for which the rule on the case. squad members said. department gives them welfare grants, he Still, the cases the squad has successfully said. Once that judge does rule, though, we investigated have increased in dollar amount Last year, 1,587 welfare recipients did not are still not through. Statutory regula­ from $142,697 in 1970 to $354,731 in 1972. pay their gas bills for which the department tions demand that the decision lay over There's more fraud now because "more had given them $88,133. The department for at least 80 days before a final order money is involved and it's easier to get," one ended up paying the bills a second time­ can be issued. squad deputy said. with 100% county money instead of the That means July 1973. For our farm­ The welfare department's own studies of usual federal and state sharing of cost. ers, that means fields standing dry and various smaller categories of aid, done since The federal government and the state pay blistered. The piping they bought 1 year 1969, support Nagel's claim of 20% or more. their share of welfare costs only once. Only the county will pay twice. ago is going to do them darn little good. STUDY FINDINGS As far as I am concerned, the ICC is A few of these studies done last year­ "The welfare rights people ten them (wel­ some at the request of Nagel's committee­ fare recipients) they don't have to pay. They serving only one purpose in this govern­ showed that: say 'don't bother paying (a bill),'" because ment. It is a tool for big business to push 19.5% of general assistance cases studied they know the welfare department will make out the small, independent competition. were ineligible for ald. a duplicate payment to pay it or else it will This protectionism should be stopped­ There were administrative errors in 75% not get paid, Nagel said. regulatory agencies should regulate-not of those same general assistance cases--but Asst. Dist. Atty. Alan Love, who handles dictate and protect. the report of the study did not show whether welfare fraud cases for the district attorney's those errors had resulted in overpayments or office, cited another type of fraud the de­ underpayments to the welfare recipients. partment ignores. There were 14% ineligible cases in a study SPENT FOR OTHER THINGS NITSUSE OF OEO FUNDS of eUgiblUty of those receiving day care for Getting welfare money for a refrigerator, their children through the welfare depart­ stove or other specific special need item and ment. then spending that money for something HON. ROBERT J. HUBER 32% of the affidavits given by new resi­ else is fraud, Love said. OF MICHIGAN dents who got on welfare here could not be One recipient whose case The Sentinel told verifl.ed as to birth, employment or ad­ of earlier received money for 10 refrigera­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dresses. tors, 10 washing machines and 7 stoves in Tuesday, April 17, 1973 A preliminary report of a study being just over three years. She was given money made in compliance with federal regulations for three refrigerators and two washing ma­ Mr. HUBER. Mr. Speaker, in our con­ by the State Department of Health and So­ chines in less than four months. tinuing efforts to evaluate the perform­ cial Services further belies Silverman's 1% The problem, Love said, is whether it is ance of OEO and those to whom it gives fraud and error claim. worth it to prosecute. funds, I call to the attention of my col­ Fred Hinickle, deputy secretary of the de­ It can cost more than it's worth to prose­ leagues two recent articles from the De­ partment, told The Sentinel recently that cute a woman for fraud, send her to jail, pay the study will show that Wisconsin has a to keep her while she's there and pay the troit News. One spells out how the OEO high rate of ineligibles on its AFDC welfare cost of having her children cared for while Nassau County agency on Long Island rolls. she's gone, he said. organized a protest rally here in Wash­ The rate, he predicted, will be above the The philosophy apparently is that since ington costing the taxpayers some $50,- national average of 6.8% AFDC ineligibles. you can't get the fraudulently obtained 000 and terminated the job of nine The ineligibles are those who got on welfare money back, why throw good money after agency workers who refused to partic­ by fraud or administrative error. bad by going to the further expense of pro­ ipate in the "March on Washington." The state study is based on a field in­ secuting, jailing and paying child care cost. When inspectors for OEO began a probe vestigation of welfare cases in county de­ Those who compile fraud statistics and those who investigate fraud ignore these of the affair, they found such lax ac· partments across the state-most heavily in cases. counting procedures in use that they felt Milwaukee County. Sheriff's Department Fraud Squad depu­ the need to look at other agencies using OVERPAYMENT FOUND ties admit that they have to limit them­ OEO funds. The second article reveals In addition to a high rate of inellgible selves to investigating only major cases. With how a $279,560 grant to D-Q University AFDC recipients, the preliminary report on 1,275 cases backlogged in thier files and more to train migrant workers in marketable the state study said that the state had found turning up daily, there's no way the five man vocational skills was misused. Two Fed­ that the counties had overpaid 10.6% of the fraud squad can get to all of them. eral agencies, OEO and the Department cases checked and had underpaid 9.4%. As a result, hundreds of fraud cases don't of Labor, found that instead of receiving The dollar value of this ineligibllity, over­ even get investigated and countless others aren't even discovered, they said. vocational training, the 138 men were payment and under payment has yet to be made to work as farm laborers-on farms determined. owned by a relative of an antipoverty The 1969 local study that turned up 20% ICC: A TOOL FOR BIG BUSINESS agency official. fraud and error also showed that the division The articles follow: between the two was even-10% outright client fraud and 10% administrative error, HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS [From the Detroit News, Mar. 21, 1973) Nagel said. MISUSE OF OEO FuNDS CHARGED He translates this 20 % into that same per­ OF IDAHO (By Seth Kantor and John E. Peterson) centage of financial loss, a translation that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WASHINGTON.-Federal authorities are in­ even when applied to administrative costs Tuesday, April 17, 1973 vestigataing the alleged use of Office of Eco­ can be justifl.ed in light of employee cheat­ nomic Opportunity ( OEO) funds to sponsor ing on mileage and overtime, loa.flng and Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, every once rallies in Washington, protesting recent fed­ disappearing from the job, extended lunch in awhile, big business crawls into bed eral cutbacks 1n anti-poverty programs. April 17, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12829 The investigation centers around the Eco­ One of the employes fired, a. woman super­ strate," he said. "Now they can find out what nomic Opportunity Commission of Nassau visor in charge of training new employes, it's like to be on welfare." County (EOCNC), a. Long Island, N.Y., anti­ took her case to James Davis, the president One of the OEO officials brought in to dis­ poverty agency that receives $1.5 million a of the Glen Cove chapter of the NAACP. mantle that agency and transfer its more year in federal grants from the OEO. "It didn't take me long to determine that effective programs to other departments said OEO investigators said the Long Island the nine had all been fired in direct violation he runs into similar attitudes quite often. agency, which operates 11 anti-poverty cen­ of their civil rights," Davis said. "We're all for helping the poor," he said, ters in densely populated ( 1.5 million per­ "For one thing, the 1967 amendments to "burt;, when you ask some of these profes­ sons) Nassau County, organized the first of the Economic Opportunity Act clearly forbids sional do-gooders to open their books and several such protest rallies in the nation's OEO employes to be paid for lobbying. And, show you how much of their grants have capitol Feb. 7. for another, it's highly unconstitutional to actually gone to the poor, they get this ar­ More than 3,000 demonstrators from Nas­ fire anyone--particularly from a government rogant attitude and just about tell you to sau and adjoining Suffolk County made the job-for refusing to support a. certain polit­ go to hell." 250-mile trip to Washington and OEO in­ ical persuasion." "The situation in Nassau County has vestigators estimate the rally may have cost Davis quickly sent a letter demanding a prompted us to take a close look at other the taxpayers nearly $50,000. full-scale investigation of the matter to Angel agencies present at the demonstrations here. OEO investigators also are probing the fir­ Rivera, executive director of OEO's Region 2 Once our investigations a.re completed, you ings of nine EOCNC employes who refused to in New York City. can be sure we will take appropriate action." participate in the agency's "March on Wash­ When Rivera didn't respond, Davis con­ "Appropriate action," he said, could mean ington." The nine--all with excellent work tacted OEO's headquarters in Washington. cutting off federal funds, giving agencies pro­ records--were fired without benefit of notice, The investigators it dispatched searched for bation time to shape up or even lead to re­ two days after the protest. three days before they found Davis' initial quests that the Justice Department prosecute The Feb. 7 protest was followed by a. series letter to Riverar-a letter Rivera says he never individual officials for fraud and other of small protests that culminated with a. big saw. crimes. rally Feb. 20 that drew some 10,000 social "I heard later that Kearse had some real "I wouldn't bet on getting many convic­ workers and their sympathizers from anti­ close friends in the Region 2 office that tions, though," he said, "because the ac­ poverty agencies along the Eastern Seaboard. headed off trouble for him," Davis said. counting conditions have been so lax at many Federal officials are afraad the Feb. 20 pro­ "It's a. funny thing that my letter finally of these agencies that it's often downright test also may have been paid for with federal blew the whistle on the Economic Oppor­ impossible to find out where any of the funds and indicate that as many as a half­ tunity Commission because originally we (the money went." dozen new investigations may be launched NAACP) were all for the lobbying trip to A call to the EOCNC yesterd,ay evoked this before the end of this month. Washington. answer from a switchboard operaltor. "If present indications prove correct," said "In fact, we and a number of other organi­ "No one's here today; you'll have to call one high-ranking official, "it's quite possible zations offered to donate funds to help pay back tomorrow." that middle-level bureaucrats who head for the trip but Kearse turned us down. He "Where is everyone?," she was asked. these agenc:ies have spent hundreds thou­ said he didn't need any money and that they "Oh, they've all gone to Albany to lobby," sands of dollars earma.rked for services for weren't going to charge anyone that went. she replied. ''But they'll be back tomorrow, the poor in a. gigantic lobbying effort to save "We did help them recruit demonstrators, You call back then." their own jobs." though. They hired 68 buses and they wanrted The OEO, now being dismantled by the to fill them-for a while they were taking Nixon administration, is the principal agency kids out of school . . . picking up winos off OEO "TRAINEES" WERE USED AS LABORERS conducting various facets of the anti-poverty the street, anyone they could get." (By John E. Peterson) program. Some of its functions are being Davis said he would have been more sus­ In its stated aims, at least, the federal gov­ transferred to other agencies. picious but Kearse told him that EOCNC ernment's "war on poverty" promised to raise Investigators from the OEO did not begin, had received some "large donations from a. the nation's poor to a level from which they their probe of the Nassau County agency's number of private sources," and that he could work their way into the economic Washington rally until March 6, although shouldn't worry. mainstream. they made an initial attempt Feb. 28. "I do know that OEO has been investigat­ So federal officials said they had every rea­ But EOCNC's executive director, John ing them for several weeks now and some real son to believe that a $279,560 grants to D-Q Kearse, refused to let OEO investigators heat is being applied," Davis said, "George University to train 138 California migrant audit the agency's books at that time on the Jackson, who was chairman of EOCNC, and workers in marketable vocational skills last grounds "that we have to know the specific Kearse's boss, resigned last week." year would be money well spent. charges and the cotnplainants." EOCNC officials, while refusing to talk It didn't quite work out that way. "It really was an incredible situation," said about the $50,000 "slush fund," have been Two federal investigations--one by the an OEO investigator. quite open in commenting on the reasons Labor Department and the other by the Office "OEO was supplying Kearse's agency with for firing the nine and their motives in mak­ of Economic Opportunity (OEO)-revealed $1.5 million a year and he refuses to let us ing the Washington trip. that the 138 migrant workers were learning see how he's spending it. They finally let us "All com.mission staff members who did their marketable vocational skills in a. rather in a week later after OEO headquarters in not attend the rally and didn't have a. prior familiar place--the fields of a farm owned by Washington sent a telegram threatening to excuse were terminated," said EOCNC's pub­ relatives of an anti-poverty agency official. cut off their funds. With that kind of delay, lic information director, Nat Trammel, in a "Instead of vocational training," the Labor we were lucky to find any books left to statement to the press the day after the fir­ Department report read, "the enrollees in audit." ings (Feb. 10). the program were made to work as farm Even though OEO investigators termed One of the fired employes, Mrs. Nancy laborers ..." EOCNC's accounting controls "practically Reimer, of Rockville Centre, N.Y., said she Although the grant was part of the Labor nonexistent," they did manage to uncover a had no warning about her dismissal until Department's "anti-poverty•' funds, its mis­ number of facts. Among them: she picked up her paycheck on Friday after­ use was discovered in an investigation of the The Nassau County agency transferred noon (Feb. 9). OEO, which also funded D-Q University with $50,000 from its operating account into a "Inside my check was a small note that a $200,000 grant last year. private "slush fund," a week prior to the said, 'you are being terminated because you The OEO files contain both the Labor De­ Washington protest. failed to demonstrate concern and agreement partment and OEO investigative reports on Shortly before the rally, EOCNC tapped the with the agency's philosophy.' the migrant vocational program. "slush fund" for $28,000-allegedly to charter "I was really shocked. I worked for them The report also noted widespread adminis­ 68 buses and pay the living expenses of 80 of for six years, never had any criticism about trative and fiscal deficiencies in the program. its employes who "volunteered" for the trip, my work and was rarely sick. Then just like A spokesman for the Labor Department in 300 employes of the agency's delegate or thBit-goodby." Washington declined to comment on the case subsidiary agencies and the nearly 2,700 Three days after Trammel's initial state­ because it is still under investigation and no other "sympathizers" it recruited from its ment, Kearse called a press conference and final determination has been made. poverty clientele and, in many cases, "just denied firing the nine because they had re­ But an official in the OEO's Western re­ off the street," OEO investigators said. fused to participate in the Washington pro­ gional office said OEO investigators found All employes of OEO-funded agencies who more than $100,000 of the grant had not been made the trip (about 380 in all) were given test. "We were belt-tightening and they just accounted for on the agency's books and had the day (Wednesday, a normal working day) raised serious questions about how the re­ off with full pay. And the agencies were shut weren't productive," he said. "But their fail­ mainder was spent. down. ure to attend was one of the factors and OEO terminated its investigation when it The nine employes of EOCNC who refused may have been the final Indicator In our was discovered that the Labor Department to make the trip were fired without notice decision." had undertaken its own investigation on the two days later. Last week, however, Kearse said the firings basis of complaints from the same source. It was the firing of the nine employes who "are no one's business, but our own." The $279,560 grant originally went to D-Q declined to go on the trip to Washington "That --- Nixon is slashing our funds University (DQU), which began operations that eventually brought the OEO Investiga­ and these people didn't even care enough to on a 620-acre desert site outside Davis, Calif., tors into the picture. go down there on a free trip and demon- in the summer of 1971. 12830 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 17, 1973 The site was a former Army Signal Corps a crucial role in the early commercial cents out of every tax dollar going to a.dmin· communications center abandoned shortly life of the United States. istra.tive costs and salaries, should be elim­ after the Korean conflict ended. Numerous memorials have been erect­ inated. The federal government deeded the land to We are proud that the United States has DQU on April 2, 1971, after a seven-month ed in deference to this great Italian­ achieved peace with honor and did not aban­ occupation by local American Indian and American in recent years, including the don our POW's and the free people of South Chicano militants who demanded the land construction of the most impressive Vietnam as the liberal doves of Congress be given to the university. bridge spanning the borough of Staten urged. But we are more proud that Pres. The university, whose purpose is "to con­ Island in New York, a bridge which bears Nixon has called a. spade a spade and has tinue the struggle of the oppressed in an his name. In addition, a commemorative said that infiation is permanently caused by academic atmosphere that preserves and stamp has been issued in his honor. the government spending more than the gov­ honors our cultural heritages," has about 90 Mr. Speaker, this year's celebration ernment takes in. In our recollection this is students enrolled. the first time a President of the United States The "D" and "Q" in its name stand for of Verrazano Day is somewhat tainted by has ever correctly blamed the federal govern­ Deganawidah, an ancient American Indian the deteriorating state of the once great ment for infiation. divinity, and Quetzalcoatl, one of the most New York Harbor, which he discovered. With a stable dollar, high prices by manu­ powerful Azetc gods. Let us hope in 1973 that efforts will be facturers and high rates by labor will soon The $279,560 grant was just one in a series undertaken to correct these conditions, be eliminated by competition. We urge you of grants totaling $2,600,000 thaJt DQU re­ and restore New York Harbor to its for­ to write your Congressman and Senators very ceived from the Labor Department to con­ mer prominence. This would represent demanding letters asking that a sensible fed­ duct vocational training programs for mi· eral spending program be adopted-a pro­ the most :fitting tribute we could offer to grant laborers in 1972-73. gram which will not add to taxes or infia.tlon. That particular grant was subcontracted Verrazano's memory. There is no other solution. to an anti-poverty agency called Trabaja­ Let us join with millions of Italians It is your choice--you, the voters of the dores Adelante (TA)-Bpanish for "workers throughout the world in commemorating United States. Don't scream about the price forward"-located in Gilroy, Calif. the birthday of the great explorer, Gio­ of meat, the price of homes, the price of cars Gilroy is in the agriculturally rich Salma.s vanni da Verrazano. to each other-scream to the men who cause Valley and federal investigators found that it. And the men who cause and can control migrants enrolling in TA's vocational pro­ it are those men you elect to the House and gram--ostensibly to learn air conditioning Senate of the United States. They are the and auto mechanics trades-were put to ones who overspend and are the real villians work as laborers on a farm belonging to a THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE of infiation-not the carpenter, not the auto close relative of a TA official. worker, not the steelworker, nor the farmer, "It was a pathetic situat ion," said a Labor not the manufacturer, but those in Washing­ Department investigator in San Francisco. HON. EARL F. LANDGREBE ton who still think they can buy votes for "Here these people--most of whom OF INDIANA re-election by spending more than they earn. couldn't speak English-signed up for the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Can you do it? Ask the collection bureaus. program to escape the agonies of stoop labor under a boiling sun, and the next thing they Tuesday, April 17, 1973 know, they're back in the fields." Mr. LANDGREBE. Mr. Speaker, in The 138 migrants were employed picking light of the recent quandry over inflation JANE FONDA'S LOVE AFFAm WITH celery, lettuce and artichokes, the Labor De­ and rising prices, the former Governor partment investigator said. NORTH VIETNAM Mortimer Lewis, DQU's comptroller, who of the great State of Indiana, Hon. Edgar handles both the university's and the mi­ D. Whitcomb, has brought to my atten­ grant program's books, expressed dismay tion an editorial written by Tom Conner HON. BOB WILSON when told of the federal report. of the Seymour, Ind., Daily Tribune. I OF CALIFORNIA "We subcontracted a number of these believe the following editorial captures IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES grants," he said, "and we have had nothing but good evaluation reports back from the the true picture of our monetary prob­ Tuesday, April 17, 1973 federal government. It's my opinion that lems and, therefore, merits publishing Mr. BOB Wll..SON. Mr. Speaker, mil­ we've been making straight A's." here: lions of Americans in all sections of the Overall, Lewis said, DQU retained about THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE country, and all walks of life, were out­ 550 migrant workers in 1972- 73. Thursday night the President of the United •·we gave these people a nine-month pro­ States delivered a most unique message to raged by Jane Fonda's love affair with gram in either air conditioning or auto me­ the people. It dealt with the Vietnam situa­ North Vietnam, while our troops were chanics," he said. tion, food prices and the importance of the being killed on the battlefields of South­ "The idea was to help them get out of the United States in the world today. Following east Asia. We are certainly even less en­ transient migrant stream and into the main­ the talk the TV people were interested in chanted with her lame-brained asser­ stream. I know we succeeded in placing quite only the Vietnam position and how this mes­ tions that our prisoners of war fabricated a few of those who completed the courses." sage would affect the U.S. in the world today. the stories of their torture and mistreat­ In our opinion the TV critics missed the most important political first in our nation's ment, as well as the accompanying history. Mr. Nixon's reference to increased bruises and scars. Paul Evans, a young BffiTHDAY OF GIOVANNI DA prices directly placed the responsibility upon man in my Congressional District in La VERRAZANO the federal government. He stated that the Jolla, Calif., recently wrote to express his United States citizens had to make a deci­ personal disgust and I would like to share sion of whether they wanted more services his letter with my congressional with more taxes or more infiation, HON. MARIO BIAGGI The President made it clear there was no colleagues: Sm: I've just heard the news of the prob­ OF NEW YORK choice. In our memory this has been the first time any polit ical leader has stated this. Nor­ able fate of our pilots who were shot down IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mally polit ical figures find other scapegoats over Laos. This, on top of the recent torture Tuesday, April 17, 1973 upon which to lay the blame--either busi­ stories told by our returned P.O.W.'s, makes ness or labor-depending upon their political up my mind on two points. First, no aid Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, as an dependency. money to North Vietnam. I have the highest Italian-American, it gives me great Mr. Nixon, for the first time of any major respect for President Nixon. But I can't agree pleasure to join with millions of my political office holder, laid it on the line. with him on this issue. I also feel that he Italian-American brethren in celebrat­ What does the public want--increased taxes may be changing his mind. Drop bombs on ing the birthday of the great navigator or increased inflation. He offered the correct the Reds, but never money. Second, something must be done about and explorer, Giovanni da Verrazano. alternative--sensible government spending. He has advocated this and incurred the ire Jane Fonda. I understand that she's entitled Verrazano, who lived from 1480 until of the Congress by vetoeing major spending to free speech, but Hanoi Jane has gone be­ 1527, was a truly remarkable man for his bills which will add to inflation. He has chal­ yond the limit. After all their suffering and time. While sailing under the French ftag lenged Congress on this point and made it humllitatlon, must our returned P .O.W.s in 1524, Verrazano completed the first perfectly clear that the irresponsible spend­ receive the added insult of seeing a Jane recorded exploration of the eastern ing of the Congress will not be tolerated. Fonda movie advertised in local newspapers? coast of the United States. His voyage, Congress, mostly, has not seemed to have And, not only that, but to be called hypo­ received the message. They still seem to think crt t es and liars by that infamous woman. which stretched from South Carolina to that we can spend, spend, spend, infiate, in­ Miss Fonda, is a public figure, (alas for Newfoundland, was highlighted by the fia.te, infia.te ourselves out of any problem. America) , earns her money through a pub­ discovery of New York Harbor and Nar­ They seem to refuse to accept Pres. Nixon's lic medium, and is therefore subject to public ragansett Bay. Both of these areas played idea that programs which have at least 75 opinion. April 17, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12831 Mr. Wilson, you've served in Congress sion for many years, because we in public they assume that this 5-day-a-week move­ longer than any other Congressman from San service always thought that as public officials, ment represents all of highway transporta­ Diego. I regard you as a great patriotic Amer­ we were representing the "public," and I tion. If by some magic we built a full sys­ ican. I ask you now to help take action mean all of the public, and not just one or tem overnight, without public participation against Jane Fonda. another special interest group whether for in its planning, or all those other procedural Let's stop the subsidizing of her efforts or against highways as a large general ques­ steps which the critics insist on as the way with American money. Let her go to North tion or a particular stretch of road from point they want us to build and plan highways, Vietnam to make movies. I can imagine that "A" to point "B". and then suppose all these trains run on millions of Americans must feel as I do. The However, a number of individuals and time, and with complete safety, you would cause is here, it needs only a method, a leader groups, by self-appointment, have decided have affected only about two percent of to spark a national drive. that only they represent the public. One the problem. Millions would sign petitions. I believe might properly ask: who appointed them This figure (two percent) represents that this! Also, let's pressure the American film protectors and by what qualifications and relatively small part of the enormous total industry to stop hiring her. Here is an ad­ training are they to be adjudged of more highway transportation of this country that dress if you wish to write. competence and devotion to the overall pub­ deals with the commuter traveling to and President Aubbrey Schencl': lic interest than those who have dedicated from the central business districts in all Producers Guild of America their whole lives to trying to improve the lot of the cities in our country. I don't believe 8201 Beverly Blvd. of their fellowman? I will stack up my own it's good business to severely cripple a proven Los Angeles, California 90048 service and devotion to the public interest highway program to hopefully satisfy those I understand that these gentlemen decide against any and all of these self-chosen "pub­ who are dedicated to building a doubtful what films will be made, and who will star lic ombudsmen." and costly transportation system that at in them. But this is no time for a fight, nor is name­ best could assist only two percent of the In the meantime, until there is an or­ calling a proper way to make decisions about problem. ganized campaign against her, Americans any major question, especially the highway That's why I am opposed to diverting high­ like myself will write, and phone, any theatre program which is so vital to our country, its way monies to mass transit activity and or television station, in protest, which dis­ present, its future, and generations, yet un­ "busting the highway trust" in order to plays her films. born. Unfortunately, however, I have seen provide the revenues for that kind of solu­ Mr. Wilson, I appeal to you as one Ameri­ too many decisions made in my 43 years of tion. It simply won't work. can to another. Remember our P.O.W.s! Take public service as the result of a fight, and it Let's take Washington, D.C., as a repre­ action against Jane Fonda! Many Americans is the basis for some of the policy decisions sentative example of the kind of situation would thank you. now being advocated by some individuals. we can expect. Construction is now under­ One side to the debate offers simplistic way for a rail transit system at a presently PAULL. EVANS. solutions collltrived by critics whose only publicized cost of about $3 billion for 98 training is from reading the accounts of some miles of line, including its extensions into erstwhile prophet of doom and whose knowl­ the Virginia and Maryland suburbs. Would edge of the subject (highways) is derived you believe that that $3 billion dollars is MASS TRANSIT: RAIL OR BUS from having skimmed a few articles and just about the same total number of dol­ books by others who have done equally shal­ lars that has been expended on roads and low research and study. But actions of those streets in the whole Metropolitan Washing­ of us who are highway advocates must con­ ton area since the beginnings of the road HON. JOHN P. HAMMERSCHMIDT tinue to be based on facts--and nothing but and street network in this area almost two OF ARKANSAS facts, and objective analysis of those facts. centuries ago, long before the auto was even IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Although critics are unwilling to give them invented? This ($3 billion) works out to a Tuesday, April 17, 1973 credit for having done so, highway people cost of about $4,000 for every household in over the years have done more than anybody this entire area. What a huge capital ex­ Mr. HAMMERSCHMIDT. Mr. Speaker, else to analyze the voluminous data that are penditure to provide for the movement of since the House will be voting Thursday available about highway usage and then to about five percent of the transportation load on the important highway bill, I would use that information in arriving at decisions referred to above within Washington's metro­ my on which to base their important actions. politan area! (This 5% includes the 2% like to share with distinguished col­ These facts will clearly prove to any who will movement to the CBD during the peak hours leagues an article by Francis C. Turner read them with an open mind that our trans­ plus all the other trips to and from the printed recently in the American Road portation needs in this country require us to CBD in all the remaining hours of the day Builder magazine. As the former Federal continue at a high level of effort to con­ and night.) The remaining 95% wm have Highway Administrator, his credentials stantly maintain and upgrade our highway to move on existing road and street sys­ as one of the Nation's leading transpor­ transportation system including both its tems. Is this approximately 20 to one ratio tation experts are well established. This vehicles and its roadbed, together with the a good investment of anybocly's money? article is timely and highly germane to manner of using those facilities. Whether the needed money comes from the The main argument of the antihighway Highway Trust Fund, the general fund, or the current debate on the 1973 Federal­ people is the alleged harmful effects to indi­ "pennies from heaven," in my judgment it Aid Highway Act. I strongly endorse Mr. viduals in our society of a continued depend­ simply is not a good investment And that's Turner's conclusion that the highway ence on the automobile, particularly in our why I believe that we should not permit the program must be continued and our urban areas during the morning and after­ diversion of badly needed highway monies present uses of the network substantially noon commuter hours. Their quick and easy for this kind of "solution" to the problem. improved: cure-all suggests that we just quit building These travel figures are not concoctions of MASS TRANSIT: RAIL OR Bus? and modernizing our highway systems and mine to make my argument look good; but they are the actual figures measured from (By Francis C. Turner) by so doing this will somehow force people and their goods movement to immediately, years of traffic counts and trip analyses; and The following are excerpts of a recent and with certainty, transfer itself to mass they are the same figures that Metro also is speech to the Road Gang, an in·formal group transit, which usually means, in their terms, using in its ridership forecasts. made up of public and private executives a fixed rail network feeding into and out of Furthermore, reports indicate that the fare whose main interests are broadly related to the central business district (CBD). on Washington's Metro will be about $.50 highway transportation. One of the reasons This simplistic solution of doing nothing per rider but estimates show that it will actu­ the group can usually attract top-notch except transferring all, or any part of the ally cost about $1.50 for Metro to provide that speakers is because everything said is off the highway funds to rail transit construction ride. Where will the other $1 of needed in­ record. is not the answer either for now or the fu­ come come from? It can only come from the (The rule was waived with Mr. Turner's ture. It completely overlooks the question of public, either out of the Federal treasury or permission and the American Road Builder moving freight and it also overlooks the ques­ some other public source. or out of the High­ is proud to bring its readers parts of that tion of how you are going to provide for those way Trust Fund, as some have recently talk, one of his first since retiring last June utility, public and business services which proposed. Subsidizing a deficit operation, in as Federal Highway Administrator.) depend entirely on the highway and street my view, is not a wise expenditure of High­ Recent newspaper articles seem to have attempted to bring on a fight between the network; services which are life-supporting way Trust Fund monies, particularly when so-called "highway lobby"--classifted as the to all of our people whether they're down­ there are other cheaper and better solutions "bad guys"-and the "good guys," classified town or in suburbia or in-between our cities? available. as environmentalists, the Highway Action But even if we were to do away with Metro may pay its way on day-to-day op­ Coalition, Big City Mayors, and the "public." further highway improvement and transfer erational costs out of the fare box, but what If there is such a thing as a "highway lobby" all highway program dollars to rail networks, about interest on the debt, recovery of initial it is in my opinion the vast majority of the the assumed benefit would turn out to be capital costs, provision for maintenance, ex­ public which daily uses and is dependent of negligible amount. Remember I am em­ tensions, and replacement, and other costs upon an effective highway transportation sys­ phasizing only the rush-hour commuting involved in keeping a business enterprise tem for virtually every part of its very ex­ activity because that is the only part of functioning. I strongly suspect, too, that the istence. transportation that these critics are really $3 billion figure now being used will increase I may have been under a mistaken impres- talking and writing about, and in so doing, substantially by the time the system is fin- 12832 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 17, 1973 ished in 10 or more years, for many ines­ use is to force the greater use of car pools particularly those for New York City, are cal­ capable reasons. to substantially increase the average num­ culated on the basis that only one rider in For the purpose of easy arithmetic, let's ber of occupants per car. But we are not going six has a seat while other commuters have to take the $3 billion Metro cost estimate a.nd to achieve any signlflca.nt change in car pool­ stand. But in the new 5,000 bus fleet that I multiply it by 6 % (instead of the actual rate ing until an acceptable way is found to referred to, all the commuters that would be of 7.3 % recently paid on the sale of the first control CBD parking. My solution is to use going downtown to the CBD and back home $225 million of Federally guaranteed bonds). parking as the control ma.chanism to force -during rush hours would do so in comfort­ This totals $180 million in annual interest increased car pool ridership by assigning a able seats. cost alone. major portion of the total available park­ And even more importantly, the total an­ At current prices, $180 million would buy ing spaces in the CBD to some kind of cen­ nual operating cost of such a fleet of buses about 5,000 new buses ev ery New Year's morn­ tralized authority. Spaces therein would would be in the general range of just the ing for the whole life of Metro. That's more then be allotted only on a permit basis to car annual interest cost alone to own the $3 bil­ than twice as many buses as the total being pools of three or more persons. This would lion rail system. included in the current takeover of area bus still leave enough spaces available for cars Public ownership of any mass transit facil­ lines and transferred to public ownership with fewer than three persons or for business ity is almost certain to mean that the com­ under Metro as authorized under the most vehicles which cannot reasonably meet the munity wlll have to pay a subsidy. Demands recent legislation. three occupant requirement, on shopping on the fa;cility for better a.nd more service And I repeat, $3 b11lion dollars original and other individual trips similar to those are likely to increase rather than reduce cost. capital cost (at least), plus more than $1~ which now occur. So we must be prepared to pay an operating million in annual interest, plus operating Success in the promotion of car pools that subsidy regardless of the kind of system we costs is the price to obtain a 98-mile rail line would raise the average occupancy to three choose. But if we are going to have to pay a which will carry only five percent of our peo­ per car would have a dramatic effect. In fact, subsidy then why shouldn't we choose the ple transportation in the Washington metro­ it more than likely would solve the prob­ system that provides the best service, requires politan area when it is all finished. Again, lem by this act alone. There never is any the least amount of such a subsidy, and has these are not just my figures but they are the problem in driving to the CBD during the the greatest flexibillty to meet the unknown facts which should be used by all those who rush hour when large numbers of Federal and changing needs of the long future. That are trying to provide answers to the transpor­ or other downtown employees do not come choice, without question, is the bus system tation needs of this Nation. to work, especially on days where long week­ and perhaps also with other innova.tions such As one citizen and taxpayer in this com­ ends are involved. as those I have suggested. munity, I believe it's time to thoroughly Parking controls should certainly start People can be sold on bus transportation review the Metro rail transit project. The within the Federal government, the city's as evidenced by the Shirley Highway project courts have recently ordered a review of a largest employer. Agencies need to change in Washington. It may even be desirable to highway project that has been in the plan­ their control methods over parking place expand the exclusive bus lane concept to an ning and development stage for less than 10 assignments for their own employees. They entire separate bus street during the rush years. Highway critics have proclaimed loudly need to utilize their computer equipment hours. Acknowledging that such things that any highway project 10 years old shou:d to match riders who live near each other are difficult to enforce, it's even more difficult be completely reviewed to see if it's needed and who have common working hours and to do some of these other things under con­ at all. Well, I agree, but if such a review is destinations. Pick-up time and fastest trip sideration such as depriving ourselves of needed for a $100 million highway project, routes also could be worked out for the car needed highway improvements, or buying a why isn't it needed, even more, for the $3 pools. Not only would this reduce the num­ real millstone to hang around our necks in b111ion Metro whose planning and authoriza­ ber of cars, but also the number of vehicle the form of a tremendously costly, fixed in­ tion is now about 10 years old? Are it's. con­ miles for each trip could drop significantly. vestment, such as a rail network of the kind cepts still as valid today as in the early '60's Parking cannot be substantially nor fairly now contemplated. and is the system the best that $3 b11lion can controlled merely by levying a large daily Why do I so strongly favor a highway type buy for the community? charge. The correct way to do it in equity solution to the problem? Because in my Such a review, I feel sure, would show that to all persons-rich and poor-is to put suffi­ analysis of all of the facts. I can come to the desirable course would be to go ahead cient off-street parking space under public no other conclusion. Also, I am confident and complete the present first stage incre­ control and assign it to car pools at appro­ others will do the same if they will but go ment of about 25 miles in downtown and just priate rates. through the same exercise and put into the across the Potomac River into Arlington, Another device that should be developed is equation all of the facts that those of us in Virginia, because this is the high traffic den­ the use of large numbers of intermediate size the highway planning operations have been ruty and high earnings mileage of the Metro, vehicles: such as the suburban or van types doing for many years. as projected. At that point, further Metro which can carry 10-12 people. One way of The highway program must be continued rail construction should be suspended while making this work would be to require the and the way we use the resulting highway substituting for the remainder of the pro­ bus mass transit operator (in this case network must be substantially improved. posed 73 miles of rail lines a good bus sys­ Metro) to make available a fleet of these in­ Diversion of resources needed for the high­ tem. The savings in capital outlay needed termediate size vehicles for lease (without way program to other partial or "no solution" for the remaining miles could then be used a driver) just as auto rental firms now do. schemes will only waste our inadequate to own and operate a top quality feeder and The rental contract would require the renter resources. distributor bus system. If, after a 10 year to use the vehicle basically for rush hour During the last Congress, the Administra­ period, we find that it would be better to commuting and to carry a minimum pas­ tion committed itself completely to "busting complete the rail system as originally con­ senger load of ten people (or some other the highway trust." Their aim is to provide ceived we still can do so. If not, we will have number). This concept if it used only about Trust money for rail transit systems, and saved a very large pile of our money. At 5,000 vehicles could replace more than 30,- their failure to achieve this goal will only least the decision could be made on expe­ 000 passenger cars which now try to use the strengthen the determination to do it in the rience rather than a collection of specula­ street network during rush hours. This num­ new Congress. tive assumptions which are all that is avail­ ber of cars removed is equivalent to about I sincerely hope that the effort will fail able to us now. 30% of the rush hour volume, a quantity suf­ again because it simply is not the best ap­ Such a fair, reasonable and workable solu­ ficient to free up present congestion to a level proach. There is no denying that a real prob­ tion is readily available and since it revolves which would permit almost free-flow condi­ lem exists in large and frustrating dimen­ around the use of buses as the major mass tions. These "mini-buses" also could sub­ sions. But the Administration's approach is transit movers and they are quickly avail­ stantially reduce the cost to the rider, to a not the right one. able to us, we could have the full network :f;lgure about half to one-third of present bus Highway legislation already provides for (and money) available to the whole commu­ fares. Large private employers could even do specific assistance to bus type mass transit, nity by the time that the first 25 miles is the same thing with their employee groups and substantial further enlargement of these finished instead of waiting till 1990 or be­ just as they now pay for employees' parking authorizations is advocated by all of the so­ yond for it to become available. It is impor­ costs, by acting as the leasing and parking called highway interest groups. tant to realize that the Metro system already space controller for their own employees. The notion that rail transit is cheap pub­ depends very heavily on a bus collector and These are a few of the ways we can be lic transportation is widespread but totally distributor system and that a majority of the innovative in finding quick solutions at erroneous. In fact, it is about three times contemplated riders will use a bus or pri­ lower costs, and avoiding the necessity to more costly than normal bus-type mass tran­ vate car for some portion of their total mortgage our own future and that of future sit and about the same cost as the typical trip. There is no question but that some generations. Any scheme will require some auto commuter cost. And that cost includes kind of relief to the daily commuter hour changes in our thinking and our approach, car ownership, gas, insurance and parking congestion is needed and needed quickly. Not together with our willingness to cooperate. charges, even with less than two persons in only in Washington, D.C., but in the central I believe the public would accept car the car. business districts of all other major cities pooling, and other innovations of the kind Of course, in those half-dozen cities where as well. Better utilization of the existing I have suggested, over other proposed costly rail networks already exist, common sense and proposed future highway-street network and less efficient solutions, if the facts were requires that consideration be given to their wm do the needed job. made known to them. continued operation--at least until or un­ Another idea which we must accept and Published capa;city figures for rail lines, less something better and less costly is found. April 17, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12833 But in the case of most American cities. rail He explained tb.a.t the National Academy of stringent 1975 antipollution standards, has networks cannot eilectively nor economically Sciences appointed a committee of engineers a tough new problem becauae it h.as suc­ compete with bus mass transit and. at the and scientists to study if ways could be de­ ceeded-at.least in part. same time meet. the changing character of vised to reduce automotive pollutants. Three manuf,acturera have sho-wn they our cities-especially the trending away from The committee reported that four systems can get the job done. defense center city core areas which were showed promise in meeting the standards for You would think EPA would be delighted­ typical of the paB"t century. 1975, which require automakers to reduce and it would be 1f the manu1acturers were Federal funds already are available for as­ levels of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons named General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler. sisting the seven rail transit cities with by 9(} per cent. compared with the level al­ But instead they're named Honda, Toyo UMTA funding rn l&rger amounts than ever lowed for 1970 cars. Kogyo, and Daimler-Berur-and that puts before provided. And highway interests have The least promising system involved use of both Detroit's big three and EPA behind the in the past and will continue in the future catalytic converters, and this was the system s,..ba.ll. to support demonstrable needs for further Chosen by American automakers. Detroit's giant auto firms say they can't Federal &id for ran purposes. In the meantime, two Japanese cars, using switch to new engines in time, aren't inclined By all means,. let us find a solution-for other systems, have shown they can meet the to do so even 1f they could, and that they find one we must-and quickly. But it must 1975 standards and can almost meet the 1976 want more time to develop the expensive be a solution that meets the test of overall standards, which provide for reductfon of gadg~try needed to make their present power­ effectiveness, cost-benefit scrutiny~ and pub­ oxides of nitrogen in emi.ssians. plants conform. lic acceptability by the majority. Also it must The Honda, using a stratified charge en­ Government cle-an air experts and many be funda.ble, be possible of being made avail­ gine, doesn't need a catalyst. It succesiully scientists agree it's too late !or an engine able quickly, while providing a maximum of passed the 50,000 mile test, Pitts said. switch by 1975. but they also see Detroit's :ftexibll1ty to meet the unknown and variable The Mazda. with a Wankel engine, used a clean air approach as a poor compromise­ needs of the future. thermal reactor and also met the 1975 stand· one that Will add unnecessarily to car prices, We cannot allow the crusading emotional­ ards. increase maintenance costs, decrease per­ ism of any individual gJ"oup-on either side The fourth system in the Academy of formance, and boost fuel consumption. of the issue-to force upon the American Sciences committee report involves the diesel They'd like to see Detroit commit itself to public an unwise course of action just sim· engine; 1975 standards can also be met with & better approach, even if tt would take ply to win an argument. it, Pitts said. more time, but they're afraid that even if "If the two Japanese cars can meets the EPA grants the industry more. time, Detroit standards now, why can't American cars?" will continue on its present course and any Pitts asked. real solution to the problem will be simply CLEANER CARS-BUT THEY ARE He said that fuel economy With a catalyst postponed. FROM JAPAN, NOT DETROIT is very poor, and this also should be a major It all adds up to what the National Aead· consideratl<>n~ emy of Sciences described as a «•major Ford and General Motors representatives quall.dary." told the EPA on Monday that there would be The quandary oould turn into a stalemate, HON. JEROME R. WALDIE a marketing "catastrophe" if they are forced particularly 1f nothing new comes out of a OF CALIFORNIA to install the catalytic converter devices on set of EPA hearings held in Washington this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their 1975 models. past week. Their purpose: to determine On Tuesday, a Chrysler engineer said that Tuesday, April 17, 1973 whether Detroit should be granted an extra out of a total of 20 test cars, eight had con· year to meet 1975 auto antipollution require­ Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, I believe verters that had melted or otherwise disinte­ ments. The agency~s decision Is expected by that all Americans are concerned with grated in less than 25,000 mlles; at the end of Aprilll. the problem of air pollution and its ef­ 25 ~000 miles, only one of the 20 test vehicles There's also the matter of those three auto still met pollution control standards. companies With the exotic names. fective control. I, therefore, submit for Chrysler officials followed GM and Ford in Government tests indicate that Honda, my colleagues' interest and information, asking EPA to postpone the 1975 standards Toyo Kogyo, and Daimler-Benz can not only two articles-one from the Honolulu for one year. S. L. Terry, Chrysler's vice presi­ meet the 1~75 d~Hne, but do so without Star-Bulletin }}y Harry Whitten, the dent for environmental and safety relations, most of the adverse side eileets cited for other by Dan Fisher of the Los Angeles told EPA that it given a year's respite, Detroit's approach. Times-which concern the achievement Chrysler would lobby Congress to change the But collectively, they can produce fewer of the 1975 air pollution standards and 1970 Clean Air Act. than 10 perc&nt of the cars Americans buy the 1-year extension which has been "Chrysler gave away its game plan by say­ every year. Even 1f they could supply enough ing it will try to change the law,'' Pitts said. cars, the U.S. balance of payments prob­ granted by EPA Administrator William "That's exactly what I'm afraid of." lems would turn into a crashing disaster. Ruckelshaus to the automobile manu· He said a year's de-lay in enforcing the Twu of the companies are Japanese and the facturers. clean air standards could be accepted it it third is German. As director of the California statewide would result in a better system, but there is Japan's Honda is better known for its air pollution research center at the Uni­ no assurance of that. motorcycles than its cars, but in December, versity of California, Riverside, Dr. He said he doesn't want to see a major dis­ EPA reported that three Honda automobiles James Pitts' comments on the attempts location in the U.S. automaking industry equipped with a n~w type of engine not by the Detroit manufacturers to meet that would cause loss of many jobs but "the only met the 1975 standards, but ..achieved public has a right to expect something better" lower emission levels than any other gaso­ these standards are a telling indication from the car makers. · line fueled engine without add-on control of the commitment by one sector of the Pitts said he is certain that automobile devices) ever tested by EPA." public to achieving cleaner air as soon as emissions will be controlled in tim.e and Honda calls its powerpla.nt a "Compound possible. pointed to control systems that have caused Vortex Controlled Combustion" (CVCC) en­ The article follows: carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon levels to gine, and says it wm be introduced in Japan [From the Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Mar. 17, drop in South California. next year and in the United states by 1975. 1973] He warned that technology can only do so It is called a "stratified charge .. engine in much and that pollution control involves CLEANER CARS FaOM JAPAN: which the air-fuel mixt ure tends to form land management. economics, population in layers in the cylinder. The result is said (By Harry Whitten) planning and many other things. to be more efficient combustion. Detroit automobile manufacturers have "If we J'educe pollution by 50 per cent Toyo Kogyo is the J apanese manufact urer been telling the Environmental Protectie>n and double the population, we are worse oil of rotary engine Mazdas already sold in the Agency this week that they cannot meet the than before," he said. United States. Earlier t his month, EPA re­ standards for 1975 as set up in the 1970 The research center he heads 1n Riverside ported that two prototype 1975 Toyo rotaries Clean Air Act. is the oldest air pollution laboratory in the also passed preliminary government tests. The major reason they can't meet the United States, having been set up in 1961. Germany's Daimler-Benz makes Mercedes standards is that they chose the least promis­ It employs about 90 people. including 40 on automobiles. One model already sold in ing of four possible systems, according to th~ the technical staff. America-the 220-has a diesel engine which director of California's Statewide Air Poilu· "met the requirements for 1975 easily" when tion Research Center. [From the Sunday Star Bullet in & Advertiser tested repeatedly at low mileage by EPA. In James N. Pitts Jr., professor of chemistry (Honolulu), Mar. 18, 19731 t he United States, diesel engines are more and head of the research center based at the familiar as truck power-plants, but General University of california, Riverside, also co­ BY THREE. FOREIGN COliLPANIES-AUTO ANTIPOLLUTION SOLVED Motors also o1rers an Opel model :In Europe ordinates smog research work on other cam· powered by a diesel. puses o!" the University of California system. (By Dan Fisher) The trouble is these three. manufacturers He was 1n Honolulu tor three days this The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, sell fewer than 1 per cent ot all cars now week lecturing to classes at the University of which ha.s spent much of its brief life trying purchased every year in the United Staies. Hawaii. to prod the automobile industry into meeting The manufacturers which sell the ntber CXIX-810-Part 10 12834 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 17, 1973 99 per cent of the new cars here-the four National Secretaries Association-Inter­ priority over his private business. As an U.S. producers and most importers, includ­ national-in cooperation with the U.S. ing the major ones (Volkswagen, Toyota, and Arizonan first, Senator Giss was not Datsun)-opted long ago for a different Department of Commerce, to honor all afraid to criticize his own party leaders clean air approach. secretaries. The theme again will be, when he disagreed with them. Recently, They're trying to purify a relatively con­ ''Better Secretaries Mean Better Busi­ he termed the Democrat party's decision ventional internal combustion engine With ness." to force a recall election on Republican 'add-on" devices. The favored "add-on" sys­ Special committees are establishd Governor Jack Williams, an emotional tem is a catalytic converter, which chemi­ throughout NSA to formulate programs miscarriage. cally changes noxious emissions into harm­ to make Secretaries Week ever more His long experience of being both in less substances. meaningful to secretaries and to the EPA thinks such systems will meet 1975 the majority and minority offers a lesson requirements, as long as the regulations are business community. In keeping with the in the legislative process. In his words: applied to the "average" car produced, and professional objective of the association, The role of the minority is more difficult. not mandatory for each individual vehicle. chapters of NSA sponsor special educa­ The majority goes through the process ot (Only Honda would have a chance of com­ tional activities such as seminars, work­ pure power; the minority must work harder, plying without "averaging," an EPA report study more diligently, and sell its bills better. shops, and study groups-available to The majority can do with power what the concluded.) members and nonmembers alike. Addi­ However, many scientists, including those minority must do with persuasion. tional recognition is gained for the sec­ The death of Senator Harold Giss is a of the prestigious National Academy of retarial profession during the week Sciences, say that use of such catalysts is the personal loss to me and I extend my sin­ worst possible approach. They contend: through public appearances of NSA cere sympathy to his bereaved family. It would add at least $250 to the cost of a members at meetings of civic, educa­ His life had a profound effect on the new car. tional, and professional groups, as well State of Arizona, and his death Js a tragic Lead-free gasoline is required for catalyst­ as through open meetings for all secre­ loss to the State and its people. equipped cars, and a switch from current taries. leaded fuels will cost at least $1 billion in This then, is Secretaries Week, 1973- new refinery and distribution equipment, ac­ a time for secretaries to look back on cording to government estimates. past accomplishments and ahead to fu­ Catalysts aren't very durable, and if they THE WASHINGTON EVENING STAR don't work, a car equipped with them may ture progress. ENDORSES MASS TRANSIT PRO­ spew more pollution than a car with no A letter follows: POSAL clean-air hardware at all. Owners will prob­ NATIONAL SECRETARIES WEEK, APRIL 22-28, 1973 ably have to replace catalysts every 25,000 THE WHITE HOUSE, miles-at a cost estimated by one U.S. man­ Washington. HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON ufacturer of $76 per replacement on a typical National Secretaries Week is a useful re­ OF CALIFORNIA car. minder for all of us to recognize and express IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The country would need a nationwide in­ our appreciation for the diligent and in­ spection network at a cost of billions of dol­ dustrious men and women who form an es­ Tuesday, April 17_, 1973 lars, the NAS scientific report indicated. sential backbone of every organization and Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. The favored catalysts use precious metals, ensure its efficiency and order. Speaker, I am pleased that the Washing­ like platinum, available mainly in South It gives each of us the opportunity to ac­ Africa. Importing the materials will worsen knowledge the intensive preparation of our ton Evening Star has endorsed my efforts the U.S. imbalance of payments. nation's secretaries in skills which most of us to open-up a portion of the highway Catalyst-equipped cars will use up to 30 consider indispensable to the performance of trust fund for the purchase or construc­ per cent more gasoline per mile than today's our dally work. tion of bus or rail rapid transit. vehicles, putting more strain on an already On behalf of all Americans, I salute the This influential newspaper has time tight supply of U.S. energy resources. The vital role of the secretary in our society. and time again endorsed programs and only solution in sight Will be to import more RICHARD NIXON. oil from the Arab countries, again adversely policies that are fiscally responsible, and affecting the U.S. balance of payments. that are designed to meet the needs of Engine performance may deteriorate fur­ the country-not just the Washington ther. The NAS report noted "concern that Metropolitan area. And again, the Star poor performance of such cars will make DEATH OF ARIZONA STATE SENA­ has taken a far-sighted position which them unsafe in certain circumstances, for TOR HAROLD C. GISS recognizes the need for the funding of example, if the vehicle stalls when acceler­ mass transit out of the Trust Fund in ating into fast-moving traffic." order to reduce our dependence on the With their unconventional approaches, HON. JOHN J. RHODES Honda, Toyo Kogyo, and Daimler-Benz can pollution-belching, gasoline-consuming forego catalysts-at least, to meet 1975's re. OF ARIZONA automobile. quired 90 per cent reduction of hydrocar. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES At this point, Mr. Speaker, I insert bons and carbon monoxide. Tuesday, April 17, 1973 in the RECORD the editorial appearing in In 1976, federal standards call for a simi· the April 17, Washington Evening Star lar reduction in the third major auto pol­ Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, the death so that my colleagues will have the bene­ lutant-oxides of nitrogen-and it's still un· of Arizona State Senator Harold C. Giss, fit of this persuasive argument in support certain if the three companies can meet that April 15, was a shock to State leaders of my proposal. regulation without the chemical device. and officials of both political parties. A EPA said all three have "significant poten­ The article follows: tial" for meeting the 1976 standards, how· highly respected 25-year veteran of the THE HOUSE'S TRANSIT TEST ever-which was more than it could say for Arizona Legislature, the Democrat sena­ With the nation facing a fuel shortage, on anybody else. tor's death is certainly a tragic loss to the top of its auto-exhaust pollution troubles, State. about everyone in Congress is speaking Senator Giss was first elected to the kindly of mass transit these days. But this Arizona Legislature in 1948 as a State week we'll see how deep the commitment NATIONAL SECRETARIES WEEK, representative. Two years later, he was goes, for the House will vote a Senate-ap­ APRilJ 22-28, 1973 elected to the State senate, where he proved proposal to make just a small portion has served since that time. He was ma­ of the highway trust fund available for fi­ nancing urban bus and rail transit systems. jority leader in the senate for 12 years We hope the House, which refused to con­ HON. JOEL T. BROYHILL until the Republicans came into power cur with the Senate last year on a similar OF VmGINIA in 1966. Since then, he has served as plan, will give its assent this time around. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES minority leader. This won't be easy for many of the repre­ Harold Giss was considered a parlia­ sentatives, especially those from predomi­ Tuesday, April 17, 1973 mentary expert whose counsel, skill, and nantly rural districts whose residents still Mr. BROYHTIL of Virginia. Mr. knowledge for moving bills through the plead for road improvements that are jus­ Speaker, for the 22nd consecutive year, tified in many cases. There is a powerful core legislative machinery was sought by Re­ of resistance to using the highway trust the last full week in April has been des­ publicans and Democrats alike. His pow­ money-derived from levies on road-users­ ignated as Secretaries Week. In 1973, the er and ability were so recognized that the for non-highway purposes. But the times de­ week is April 22-28, with Wednesday, State senate was once described as a body mand it. The trust fund is incredibly opu­ April 25, highlighted as Secretaries Day. of men surrounded by Harold Giss. lent, while the problems of swelling auto use Secretaries Week was originated by The His public service to Arizona held inflict ever-larger social costs that cannot be ifpril 17, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12835 alleviated simply by building more highways Community Chest drives. She has sup­ his family the same prices that his city with every last penny of highway revenues. ported many other community service counterpart pays when he goes to the It seems to us that the fund has a partial organizations in Linn County. She was store to buy such things as clothes, food obligation to other concerns. Cars are cre­ ating much of the air pollution, and much active on behalf of women's status and and other essential items. of the fossil-fuel shortage, which must be the needs of the aged before these be­ In the April 11 edition of the Enter­ remedied in large degree by mass transit. As came the visible issues that they are prise, of Stuart, Va., in my district, there lawmakers begin to appreciate the astonish­ todaY~ was a very :fine article written by Mr. E. ing dimensions of the country's energy prob­ This remarkable woman also found Lyle Clerk, Jr., in the letters to the lem, they should bear in mind that five times time to raise two children,. Rosanne and editor space which I feel is worthy of as much energy is required to move a pas­ Philip, who have succeeded in becoming wide attention. In very cogent terms, senger by car as by bus. And a great many successful as authors and editors. All Mr. Clark sets down what seems to me auto commuters would gladly switch to pub­ tha lic transit 1:1' adequate service were available. citizens of Iowa feel great pride in some logic that the economists wollld do Morover, 1f rural areas are hit by gasoline many accomplisments and inspiring ex­ well to consider. I would like to include shortages-as seems likely-it will be due in ample of Mrs. Klass~ his letter herein with my remarks and some measure to the lack of sufiiclent mass commend this to the reading of the transit, which forces millions of urbanites to Members of the House. rely excessively on automobiles. The article follows: The hard !act is thAt the effort to control THE FARMER'S STORY [Prom the Enterprise • .April u. 1973 J air pollution is exacting heavier fuel penal­ ties than most people expected, and ag­ "'"B:z PARMER'S STORY gravating the energy-depletion dilemma. HON. DAN DANIEL DEAB. EDrroa.: During the past 20 years tfie Some observel!'s now say that Congress OF vmGlNXA price farmers receive has risen slowly, mak­ ing a siza.ble gain only in the past few shouldn't have passed the 1970 clean-air law IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES without launching a major federal mass­ months. But look what has happened to all transit program at the same time. In any Tuesday, April 17, 1973 the items the farmer and his family must case, a slzabJie program at last is getting purchase! I certainly share the concern ~ underway, and committee-approved legisla­ Mr. DAN DANIE4 Mr. Speaker, in these "irate housewives" for the rise in food. tion in the House provides a rather hefty au­ these days of mounting prices all sorts of prices but who is to blame? Is it the !"armer, thoFization !"or mass transit. But there is too statistics are being offered in an attempt the processor, the distributor, or the grocer?' much uncertainty whether all or even most to rationalize what is happening in the You can find people who blame higher fOQ.Sl ot this money would ever be appropriated, or American economy. The truth of the prices on any of" these or a combination o7 spent by the administration, since it would matter is that 1nflation is fast becoming the aforementioned groups. have to come from the Treasury's general our greatest economic enemy and we can The purpose of this letter is to remfnd your fund. Urban areas desperately need the as­ only hope that it will not ultimately do readers of the real culprits of higher food surance or being able to use a portion o1 prices. First, let's take the federal govern­ their regular federal hfghway funds ta help to this country what is has in numerous ment. Since the early days of World War n finance mass transit, and cover its operating other nations around the world. we have had deficit spending by onr govern­ losses in some eases. Inflation inflicts. cruel punishment on ment except for two years. At this time over To achieve this, the House will have to us all but the burden is greatest upon 20 cents of every feder.al tax dollar goes to approve amendments tilat are contrary to those whose income remains virtually pay interest on the national debt. Thfs deficit the wishes of its Public Works Committee, stationary, at a low rate, while living spending has caused inflation to spiral and and in line wt1h the Senate's approach. We our leaders have not had the conrage to take costs continue to :rise. This is true of the needed measures to stop it. None of you hope a majority in the House can summon those who live on pensions. on life's sav­ the foresight and determination to do that. could spend more than you make for 30 ye.ars, ings and on very meager wages. Among except for 2 and still be in business, yet that those who work for a living, no group in is exactly what our government has done. our society has found the way any harder Second, we a.re pricing ourselves out of the world market. OUr products in this country MRS. RAYMOND N. KLASS than the small farmer-those who oper­ ate small family farms. or those who tend have become too costly to export a.t com­ farmland owned by others. petitive prices. We are in serious difficulty in our export-import trade balance and the HON. JOHN C. CULVER The bwrden seems to be greater among dollar has been devalued twice in recent years OF :IOWA those whose labors cannot yield volume to try to reverse this trend, but with little­ lN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES production and most of the farms in my success. Tuesday-, April 17, 1973 congressional district come in that cate­ Third, we have allowed. labor unions to be­ gory. Those are the people who produce come such a dominant force in our economy Mr. CULVER. Mr. Speaker, at a time relatively small crops and who have and in our legislatures that they have de­ when many are doubting tbe commit­ found the pinch of inflation foTcing many stroyed the workers' incentive, and wages and ment of our National Government to the other benefits have risen at an alarming of them to seek other means of earning a rate. needs of our citizens, it is heartening to living. During the past 20 years the above !'actors hear of an individual who has shown a Within recent days, advertisements have been instrumental in farmers having to lifetime of devotion to both individual have appeared in both Washington pa­ pay higher and higher prices for all their and community needs. Mrs. Raymond N. pers, under the sponsorship of Pen-Mar­ supplies. Items essential to !arming such as Klass is one person who has devoted her­ Co., Inc., which show some very interest­ machinery, milking equipment, sprays, build­ self unselfishly and unstintingly to the ing :figures in support of the farmers' ing supplies, steel and trucks are produced service of her community and to the bet­ cause. For instance, these :figures show in union plants and each wage increase in those plants has resulted in an increase in terment of conditions for all mankind. that although farm income has risen 6 cost of those materials to farmers. Mrs. Klass was honored earlier this percent in the past 20 years, overall wages The middleman or processor came into the month at a dinner sponsored by the in the country have gone up over 184 per­ picture because the farmer could no longer Temple Judah, Hadassah, B'nai B'rith cent. In the same period, the ad shows afford the cost of distribution and because and Sisterhood organizations in Cedar that installment debt has risen 867 per­ of laws that were passed to protect the con­ Rapids, Iowa. cent; housing costs, 79.6 percent; medical sumer. Some of th.ese laws were needed, some Mr. Speaker, I would like to take this costs, 149.7 percent; hospital daily serv­ are questionable. Did you know that I can­ to ice, 480.8 percent; wholesale food prices, not sell milk at my farm? I can use it and opportunity make the many contribu­ the people who work for me can drink it, but tions Mrs. Klass has made to society a 20 percent; retail food prices, 4:t percent; I cannot sell it directly to you. We have part of our permanent national record. and new car prices, :t3.2 percent. federal and state inspectors who regularly Though her activities and contributions Compared to this, all farm costs have visit our farm. We must conform to stricter are too numerous to mention, I would risen 109 percent, although the farmer's requirements on the water supply that our like to single out just a few. Mrs. Klass income has gone up only 6 percent. Farm cows drink than the water supply that serves is a founder and past president of both taxes have jumped 297 percent; farm the residents of the Town of Stuart. Temple Judah Sisterhood and Hadassah labor wages have gone up 141 percent and The grocery store owner has also had to farm machinery prices are up 100 per­ face increased costs to provide food for you. in Cedar Rapids. She has given her ef­ Due to increased labor costs he had to mod­ forts as a past president of the Arthu.r cent. ernize his store into a self-service operation School PTA. It is obvious where this leaves the man or go out of business. He, like the processor Mrs. Klass has also shown her leader­ who has a small farm. who has no other and farmer, is governed by stricter laws that ship capabilities in Salvation Army and source of income and who must pay for add to his costs. One such law prevents him 12836 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 17, 1973 !rom storing or cutting meat as a service to Patricia attends Torrington High ability to view a factual situation-to iden­ his customer who might have raised and School. She is an excellent student and tify and address the pivotal issue. However, slaughtered this animal on his farm. You an active participant in many school Congress, as a collective body, does not un­ the consumer have requested your legislators dergo such testing or training. It, therefore, to pass these laws. Some are needed, many clubs and functions ranging from the often has a great deal of difficulty sifting are questionable and some are just plain school band to the Spanish club of which through a problem situation and identifying st upid, but all of them add to the cost of she is president. the cause. the groceries. So don't blame the farmer, She does not, however, limit her ac­ Case in point: processor or grocer for them. tivities to those of the school and the We are all hearing a lot about impound­ Finally, there is another factor that should Scouts. She has done extensive work ments and the resulting confrontation be­ be of grave concern to the consumer. The with the YWCA and the underprivileged tween Congress and the White House due to average age of a farmer is now about 53 and the impounding of funds. is increasing at a steady rate. The average children in her hometown. It is the to­ It all goes together to present a factual age of a farm worker is slightly higher. With tally unselfish attitude with which she situation, in which Congress has been unable the long hours, work that must be done undertakes these special efforts that to identify the real problem. seven days a week, high costs and diminish­ demonstrate a sincere desire to help oth­ capitol Hill has turned into a volcano of ing returns, young people are not turning ers. Patricia has the rare combination highfalutin talk about the checks and to farming as a career. With the high invest­ of talent, gregariousness, and generosity balances provided by the Constitution. The ment needed to begin farming, the only way that makes her a credit to her town and volume of the charges has been turned up by a young person can afford to become a a few fanatical disciples, but what we are farmer is to inherit a farm, as I did or marry to the Girl Scouts. We are delighted that hearing is really nothing more than a replay the daughter of a farmer who has no sons. Patricia now has this wonderful oppor­ of the spending-limit debate of the closing I would suggest you people who are "boy­ tunity which she so thoroughly deserves. hours of the last Congress. cotting meat" and are concerned about food We know that her trip to Mexico will be Congress agreed then tha.t there was an prices, take a long hard look at the prob­ a splendid experience. important job to do--limit spending. It also lems facing these people who are working became clear that bound by its cUITent pro­ seven days a week to produce this food !or cedural deficiencies, Congress is entirely in­ you. You should be very concerned about capable of doing that job. But the majority this average age of farmers. In 10 years who HON. JOHN J. RHODES TELLS IT leadership in Congress insisted that in order is going to be producing enough food to LIKE IT IS AT CUMBERLAND LAW to protect its prerogatives it had to prevent feed a nation with a growing population such SCHOOL the Executive from taking the required ac­ as ours? All signs point to a food shortage tion. Now, I submit that in a whole encyclo­ in this country by that time. If you people pedia of citations from the Founding think that your food prices are high now, HON. JOHN BUCHANAN Fathers, you wm not find one of them which what will they be in 10 years, that is, if you OF ALABAMA upholds so childish a position. The squabble that has developed between are lucky enough to be able to walk into a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES store and purchase them without having to the two branches of government reminds me stand in line for certain items or have them Tuesday, April 17, 1973 of the little boy who was asked if he knew rationed? the meaning of the word budget, "Yes," he In the beginning of this letter I pointed Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Speaker, it was said, "it means a family quarrel." out some conditions that are adversely af­ my pleasure to introduce our distin­ Just as in many other quarrels, a fit of fecting farmers. Rather than a boycott of guished colleague from Arizona lanes, (3) incentives to compounds present in ambient air which gen, or (2) generate other undesirable pol­ encourage car pooling, (4) effective land-use oxidize potassium iodide to give free iodine. lutants, such as ammonia and aldehydes. management, ( 5) new and unique propulsion It generally consists primarily of ozone, but (C) The EPA proposes that all 1971-1974 systems for pollution-free cars, and (6) other it also includes such compounds as nitrogen fleet vehicles be converted to "gaseous fuels." feasible and acceptable strategies. dioxide (N02 ) and peroxyacetyl nitrate With some qualifications, I support this pro­ But, we must have such actions accom­ (PAN), both of which also oxidize potassium posal for the use of CNG or LNG (methane panied by a continuing, high-level, well-con­ iodide solution. The efficiency of this oxida­ fuels). My reservations arise in part from ceived, well-funded, mission-oriented re­ tion varies from compound to compound, but consideration of very recent and conflicting search program on all air pollution fronts. for three key components of photochemical data regarding the hydrocarbon reactivity of Such a two-pronged attack will insure that oxidant, it is 100% for ozone and approxi­ emissions from vehicles fueled with LNG. If five years from today we will not be asking mately 15 to 20% for both nitrogen dioxide true, one would question the true effective­ ourselves the same technical questions that and PAN. The following points should be ness of LPG as a so-called "clean fuel." I have raised today, with little additional noted. Furthermore, a recent EPA paper states reliable evidence upon which to base our (A) PAN levels on smoggy days generally that engines fueled by LPG, CNG, and nor­ conclusions. fall in the 5 to 50 ppb range. These levels mal gasoline have essentially the same emissions of NOx when the engines are are so low in relation to ambient 0 3 and NOx that they do not significantly affect the tested under conditions of maximum per­ observed total oxidant value. formance with the three fuels. PASSOVER (B) N02levels can approach those of ozone Recommendation 7: (a) The issue of per­ (although generally not concurrently). Thus, formance versus pollution for the gaseous in an extreme case, if one has 0.5 ppm of fuels (LPG, CNG, and LNG) versus regular HON. MARIO BIAGGI gasoline should be evaluated in depth on a N02 in ambient air (a high, but not im­ OF NEW YORK possible, level), one will see a total oxidant most urgent basis by the EPA and its con­ reading approximating the air quality stand­ clusions on pollution versus performance IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ard for oxidant 0.08 ppm-yet no ozone (the should be presented to the public in under­ Tuesday, April 17, 1973 crucially toxic substance) is present! The standable form. ramifications of these facts are clear. (b) I further recommend that any motor Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, today, mil­ Another aspect of the complex chemistry vehicle which meets the 1975 emissions lions of Jews in the United states and of photochemical smog should be considered. standards and shows reasonable performance the world over will celebrate the holy Ozone reacts very rapidly with nitric oxide and durabiilty under realistic test programs feast of Passover. This day commemo­ to form N02. Thus, in areas of southern Cali­ may be legally used as a fleet vehicle in place rates the deliverance of the Jews from fornia where there is a high concentration of a vehicle powered on gaseous fuels. bondage in Egypt in the 14th century , VII. COMMENTS ON IMPLEMENTATION OF THE of 0 3 the concentration of nitric oxide would B.C. be expected to be low, and, conversely, high 1975-76 EM'ISS'ION CONTROLS ON MOTOR Passover is a holiday filled with special levels of nitric oxide emissions will result in VEHICLES tradi·tion. It is a time when Jewish fam­ low levels of ambient ozone, and, hence, of I would like to make one other major total oxidant. The situation can arise that, if point highly relevant to the prospects of ilies reflect on the value of freedom, only "total oxidant" is determined, high gasoline rationing in 1977-new car emis­ through the reading of the sacred writ­ ambient concentrations of nitric oxide will sion controls for 1976-76. If the current re­ ten word and the eating of symbolic lead to an overall reduction in the value quest of the American automobile manufac­ foods. obtained for total oxidant. This could be turers is granted and these controls are de­ This Passover is filled with special construed as representing a decrease in ferred, the need for gasoline rationing and meaning, since this year marks the 25th April 17, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12843 anniversary of the creation of the sov­ date the outlay of a penny of taxpayer (2) A route from Kansas City, Missouri, or ereign State of Israel. Yet as many Jews money. its vicinlty, to Chicago, Illinois, or its vicin­ are joyously celebrating this feast, count­ ity, so aligned as to cross the Mississippi It authorized $700 million for fiscal River at a point between Nauvoo, Illinois, less thousands of their brethren are still 1973 and $800 million for fiscal1974. The on the north, and Hannibal, Missouri, on seeking the fruits of freedom. Let us President's own budget contains approx­ the south. fervently hope tl:at the year 1973 will imately $600 million for this purpose for bring freedom for Jews living in the fiscal 1973 and $610 million for fiscal Soviet Union. 1974. CEREMONIES COMMEMORATING Mr. Speaker, at this time I wish to The President and his supporters in THE 152D ANNIVERSARY OF extend to all Jewish people my sincerest Congress chose to turn this innocuous GREEK INDEPENDENCE wishes for a happy and holy Passover. and excellent work into a political foot­ ball. They won the battle, but the hand­ icapped people of this Nation lost the HON. JOSHUA EILBERG war. OF PENNSYLVANIA WHITE HOUSE TURNS ITS BACK ON Our office was visited by many of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HANDICAPPED handicapped people who lobbied the Tuesday, April 17, 1973 Congress in a desperate, vain effort to push the bill through. None of them Mr. Ell.J3ERG. Mr. Speaker. on March HON. FRANK J. BRASCO were welfare chiselers or cheats. Here 25 I had the pleasure of taking part in OF NEW YORK were people with physical handicaps try­ the ceremonies in Philadelphia com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing to present their case for retraining memorating the 152d anniversary of Tuesday, April 17, 1973 programs. Greek independence. At this time I enter Republicans backed the bill in the into the RECORD the statements made by Mr. BRASCO. Mr. Speaker, according Senate by a 35-to-2 vote. Curiously, many John S. Kokonos, Esq., the master of to official Government figures, there are ceremonies; Mrs. George P. Pavlos, at least 7 million, and perhaps as many switched their votes in the veto battle. This administration re.ally showed those president of the Philadelphia Federation as 12 million Americans who suffer from of American Hellenic Societies; Anthony a variety of disabilities which can be lame, sick, blind, deaf, and retarded peo­ ple who was boss and President. Nomikos, counselor of the Royal Greek termed crippling. Embassy; Gov. Milton Shapp of Pennsyl­ I have reference to the severely handi­ We are regarded by much of the de­ veloped world with amazement and dis­ vania, and my own remarks: capped. blind, and deaf persons, and SPEECH DELIVERED BY JoHN S. KOKONOS, ESQ. those suffering from spinal cord injuries, may already as a result of our social backwardness. Our medical care and Reverend clergy, Counselor Nomikos, Gov­ brain damage, and nervous disorders, to ernor Shapp, Congressman Ellberg, Deputy name just a few of the aJilictions in delivery system is a scandal. Our drug Angel, other honored guests, au other ladies question. industry is a disgrace. Product safety is and gentlemen with us at Independence For some 52 years now, the Federal a joke. And now, not content with ad­ Square in Philadelphia, Pa. (and on tele­ Government has worked in hannonious journing reform, the President and his vision), a most sincere and warm welcome partnership with all the States to turn cohorts have taken a perfectly fine and to all of you on this celebration of Greek these people into self-supporting individ­ useful national endeavor and mangled it independence day. On this 25th Day of beyond recognition. March, 1973, celebrations commemorating uals. Grants to States have been made the 152d year of Greek independence are for vocational rehabilitation programs, What will happen to the millions of taking place in cities and towns of many which have scored significant successes disabled Americans now? Where will countries throughout the world. in turning helpless people into largely they be retrained and rehabilitated? Citizens of di1Ierent nations who are also independent citizens. Where will the money come from? From descendants o~ Greeks always gather to­ It is also my understanding that in the private charity? Not enough. From the gether on this occasion to celebrate, and more than half a century that this non­ States? They have not the money. From give thanks to GOd, just as many of us here their personal savings? Funny if it were today did in Greek OrthOdox Churches controversial program has been in in­ throughout the Delaware Valley, for that creasingly successful operation, no mean­ not so sad. From revenue sharing? Try momentous day, March 25, 1821 when after ingful opposition ever developed against and get it. more than 400 years of oppression, tyranny, it in either House of Congress. In fact, up This is the cruelest, most heartless ac­ ravaged lands, terrorism and enslavement at until a year or so ago, no vote had even tion ever taken domestically by an ad­ the hands of the Turkish Ottoman empire, been recorded against the endeavor. ministration in my congressional serv­ the Greek populous rose in rebellion and de­ Bipartisanship was the order of the ice. Any further attempt to pass a new clared themselves free Greeks and fought their Turkish conquerors for eight years day in response to this program. Further, vocational rehabilitation measure will against overwhelming odds until Greece was all concerned agreed that here was per­ have my support, provided it does jus­ declared a free and independent nation by haps the most useful program underway tice to these poor people, whose only the signing of the Treaty of Adrianople, in the Nation. crime, it seems, was to be handicapped. September 14, 1829. Today there is no vocational rehabili­ It is a great privilege and honor to cele­ tation program. Last year the President brate Greek Independence Day at Independ­ vetoed it. This year he did so again. And ence Hall where our beloved country, the the other body did see fit in its wisdom to AMENDMENT TO BE OFFERED TO United States of America, declared its in­ dependence on July 4, 1776. All Americans sustain th~ veto of the President. So this HIGHWAY BILL should be proud of their ancestoral heritage. quite constructive, unoffensive undertak­ Other than the American Indian, our an­ ing today lies in ruins, and the gentlemen cestors come from England, Scotland, Ire­ across the aisle and their conferees in HON. TOM RAILSBACK land, Italy, Scandanavia, Asia, Africa and the other body are doing a victory dance OF ILLINOIS other parts of the globe. An American who of political partisanship over its still IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is proud of his ancestoral heritage makes him a better American. Our country's herit­ quivering form. Tuesday, April 17, 1973 Some dance. Some victory. age of freedom is founded 1n the spirit of Mr. RAILSBACK. Mr. Speaker, I in­ 1776. Our Greek ancestors' heritage of free­ ':'he argument advanced by the Presi­ dom is founded in the spirit of 1821. dent and his congressional cohorts is tend to introduce the following amend­ ment to S. 502, the Federal-Aid Highway The Greek spirit of 1821 was the driving that the measure was inflationary. force of freedom loving Greek soldiers who "Budget-busting" was the phrase used, I Act of 1973, when it comes to the floor fought against the Kaiser's armies on the believe. of the House: same side as the American f'..Oldier in World A little fact is in order here. First, the AMENDMENT TO S. 502, As REPORTED War I. The spirit of '76 and the spirit of '21 vocational rehabilitation bill was not a OFFERED BY MR. RAILSBACK again fought as allies in World War II when spending measure. Rather it was an au­ Page 133, line 5, strike out "route" and in the cause of freedom and independence, insert "routes". the Greeks smashed the facist armies of thorization measure, establishing certain Page 133, line 8, immediately before "A" Mussolini and instead of cringing from vocational rehabilitation programs and insert the following: "(1)" fright, Greece then became one of the first setting ceilings for subsequent appropri­ Page 133, after line 13, insert the follow­ of the smaller countries who fought and des­ ations. That butchered bill did not man- Ing: troyed much of mtler's powerful armies be- 12844 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 17, 1973 fore falling to a glorious defeat in the true for my wife and myself to be here in this The 25th of March 1821 will remain a spartan tradition on the battlefield but not historical city and in front of this historical symbol of dedication to the highest ideals of in their hearts and souls because the flame place to address a greeting to you on this man. But the spirit of 1821 is not limited to of 1821 always burns brightly within every auspicious day. the geographic boundaries of Greece. It is citizen and descendant of Greece just as the The privilege was granted to me through universal. Our American friends who are pre­ freedom flame of 1776 burns within every the inability of H.E. the Greek Ambassador paring the celebrations of the bi-centennial American. John Sorokos to be present himself, which of the Independence of this land, are doing The same spirit of '21 motivated Greece to he deeply regrets, as he had to attend sim­ so in the same spirit. The bell which is kept put down a Communist inspired civil war ilar ceremonies in Washington. The Am­ in this Hall conveys the same message to following World War II. Again, the Greek bassador has asked me to convey to you his mankind, the message, to say it with Benja­ Army distinguished itself fighting side by cordial greetings on this occasion, and rep­ min Franklin, the illustrious son of this city, side with the American armies to preserve resent him at this wonderful celebration. of "Virtue, morality and Liberty". That is the freedom of Korea, and more recently, May I express here my heartfelt congratula­ why I am profoundly moved by the fact that Greece aided the American cause in Vietnam. tions to the organizing Committee and par­ we are today celebrating the Independence One of the most inspiring communications ticularly the Chairman of the Philadelphia Day of Greece in the most appropriate set­ ever made with respect to Greek independ­ Federation of American-Hellenic Societies, ting, in this city which has proved, over and ence day was sent by Great Britain's Prime Mrs. Pavlos, the Co-chairmen, the Rev. above its great historical importance, its par­ Minister, Winston Churchill, who sent the Fathers and Chairmen of the Societies, on ticular interest in the arts, philosophy and following words to Prime Minister Tsouderos the perfect way everything was conducted. the sciences. on Greek independence day in March, 1943, One cannot fail to see the energy, enthusi­ It is known-and that I can say in all at a time when Hitler's army still occupied asm and devotion with which the program modesty-that the world owes a lot to Greece. The following are some excerpts from was carried out. Greece. But I can also say that the genera­ that communication: A word of deep appreciation should also tion of 1821 owes a lot to the generat ion of "While Greece is groaning under tyranny, be addressed to the Authorities of this State Patrick Henry, that generation of men so her people are more conscious than ever of and this city for their warm participation lavishly endowed with patriotism. His mes­ their historic greatness and remember the and their contribution to the success of this sage "give me liberty or give me death" re­ glories of their war of independence. Today Celebration. verberated not only on the green plains of the people of Britain salute the heroes of the Following the solemn Doxology earlier this Virginia and Pennsylvania, but also echoed new war of liberation now being fought in morning was a moving experience for my on the arid mountains of Roumeli and the the mountains, cities, and villages of Greece wife and myself. That was the beginning of Peloponese. .. . The night of slavery will pass ... When the celebration honoring the great anniver­ And this message was also conveyed in a the hour strikes-and you will be given sary which is cherished in the hearts of all concrete form through the actual participa­ warning when it is time to act as one man­ men dedicated to the ideal of Liberty. tion of Americans in the Greek war of In­ Greece will drive the barbarous usurpers On the 29th of May 1453 this liberty was dependence. It is interesting to read what from her soil. Then, united in victory as in torn away from the Greek nation, the nation Douglas Dakin records in his book "British suffering, Greece will take her place among on whose soil it was born. On that ill-omened and American Phllhellenes during the War of the free peoples of the world. Victory is sure." day was staged the most passionate drama Greek Independence." J.P. Miller and Dr. S. May the spirit of 1821 and 1776 remain that history has ever known. The Byzantine G. Howe took part in the war and became embedded in, the hearts and minds of free empire fell, an empire that for more than well-known philanthropists. Dr. Howe re­ and independent Greeks and Americans not one thousand years developed a remarkable turned in 1828 to the Greek island of Egina only on Independence Day but every day. civilization based on the solid foundation of where he employed the poor to buUd the the hellenic-christian spirit. American mole. In March 1829, he began the On that sinister day the Greek nation REMARKS MADE BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE task of organizing the agricultural colony of sank into a terrible slavery. Darkness covered PHILADELPHIA FEDERATION MRS. GEORGE P. Washingtonia, the village of Hexamilia, some the Greek horizon. three miles from Acrocorinth on the Isthmus. PAVLOS But in spite of the shadowed days and the Mr. John Kokonos, Honorable Anthony He returned to the United States to take up nights of fathomless darkness, the flame of the important post of Director of Dr. Fisher's Nomikos, Governor Milton Shapp, Members Liberty kept burning. In the moonlight and of the mayors cabinet, Members of the city Institute for the blind. But his love for in the candle-light one generation after an­ Greece made him revisit that country later council, Consuls of various nations, Members other received this burning flame of Liberty. of Congress, Members of the Judiciary, mili­ when he was given a most touching welcome And the enslaved Greek soul awaited with in Washlngtonia. tary personnel, clergy presidents of the patience and perseverance the rising of the church communities, ladies and gentlemen sun! After nearly four hundred years of Another American, Getty, a somewhat ec­ and last but not least the children in their slavery the day started to break! centric doctor, as Dakin says, used to stroll colorful costumes add beauty to this occasion. On the 25th of March 1821 in the historical around with an old Kentucky rifle over his As President of the Philadelphia Feder­ monastery of Aghia Lavra the Archbishop of shoulder. Another interesting story is told ation of American Hellenic Societies and on Paleon Patron Germanos raised the banner of the American volunteer, the seaman behalf of the entire American Greek com­ of the Revolution with the cry: "Liberty or George Wilson of Providence, Rhode Island, munity of greater Philadelphia. I wish to ex­ Death". This cry echoed and spread all over who had gone to Greece in March 1827 as press to each and every one of you, my the enslaved land. With a fever of enthusi­ gunner and boatswain and who had displayed sincere gratitude for sacrificing some of your asm the whole Greek nation embarked upon such bravery in the ba/ttle of Salona that valuable time to come here to these hallowed Admiral Cochrane had given him a special a fierce struggle for the most sacred ideal of toast at a dinner held to commemorate this grounds to help us celebrate the most im­ man: Liberty! portant ethnic holiday, the 152nd anniversary This struggle, undertaken under highly victory. Wilson married a Greek wife and of Greek independence. unfavourable conditions, by so few against raised a family and was given the poot of To all those city of Philadelphia officials so many, is a remarkable phenomenon. It custodian of the Protestant Burial Ground in who always have been so kind and cooper­ was practically, a handful of brave men and Athens. ative in our efforts: to Police Commissioner women-and History records the heroic deeds I have mentioned only a few names of Joseph O'Neil, to ~aptain Joseph Cifelly and of Greek women, like Bouboulina-without those numerous Americans who helped in the his band, to our soloist Mrs. Evelyn Springs, arms, who had the courage to challenge a liberation of Greece. By doing so I intended to the V.F.W., Girl Scouts and leaders, church most powerful empire. But this struggle for to stress the universality of the spirit of 1821 communities and all the organizations who independence and the confidence in its out­ and to underline the dedication of the helped in making this affair a success, by come is due to the faith of Hellenism in the Americans to the high ideal of Liberty. heartfelt thanks. eternal ideal of Liberty. May I be allowed now to say a few words We, Americans of Greek ancestry cannot Victory crowned that hard and unequal in my mother tongue. but be proud of the accomplishments of our war, which lasted seven years and was fought (The following is a translation of the Greek forefathers, and by this simple ceremony to­ under terrific hardships, but with unfailing portion of the statement:) day, want to show the world that besides faith in the result. The modern Greek state I spoke already, dear friends of Greek an­ being good Americans, we can never erase was rebuilt on the sacred soil of ancient cestry, about the role which our Church from our hearts that tender spot we have Hellas. It is therefore appropriate for us to played in the splendid struggle of 1821. It for those who valiantly fought so freedom celebrate today the anniversary of 1821 and was not accidental that the declaration of a n d democracy will live forever. Thank you. honor the memory of those who fought with the Revolution by the Archbishop of Paleon a passion for liberty and self-sacrifice in or­ Patron Germanos was made on the 25th of REMARKS OF ANTHONY NOMIKOS der that we may today be free. March, the day of Annunciation. In the long Reverend Fathers, Hon. Governor Shapp, 152 years have passed since that day. And history of the Greek Nation, the Greek Or­ Hon. Congressman Eilberg, Deputy Repr. as it goes every year farther into the depths thodox Church has always taken the lead. Angell, Ladies and Gentlemen, Talking in of History, so it becomes stronger in the But the inestimable contribution of our front of the Independence Hall in Philadel­ hearts of men. The heroic achievements of Church was mainly proven during the four phia is for me a unique experience. Particu­ our ancestors of the generation of 1821, who hundred difficult years of slavery of our Na­ larly in celebrating the 25th of March 1821, proved themselves worthy sons of the heroes tion. The "secret school", where the priest, the Day of Greek Independence. There could · of Marathon and Thermopylae, of Salamis in the moonlight and the candle-light, gave not have been a more appropriate place. and Psara, will march down to posterity with the children, from generation to generation, I feel therefore a great honor and pleasure divine honors. the knowledge that kept alive the flame of April 17, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12845 Liberty, maintained intact the sacred deposit REMARKS OF REPRESENTATIVE JOSHUA EILBERG hood, I commend these fine, young citi­ of the traditions of the Greek race. Thanks I want to thank all of you fm· allowing me zens. I would like to share with my col­ also to the invaluable contribution of our to celebrate the 152nd anniversary of Greek Church, our heroic ancestors of the brave leagues the following theme they have independence with you today. chosen for their Freedom Tree Dedica­ generation of 1821 proved how well they This is a day when we recall that through­ knew to respect and esteem the high ideals out history Greeks have fought for freedom tion: of the Greek Nation. For this reason we get and democracy. A tree is so fitting a reminder of what free­ together every year wherever we are to cele­ In ancient times Greek heroes defended dom is. A tree struggles to grow, so does free­ brate this great Day and to pay tribute to Greek independence from the Persians. dom. If a tree does not struggle, it will die. those who created the Eighteen-twenty-one. During the 19th century, Prince Alexan­ So, too, Freedom. This is alive, and so is The celebration of our historic anniversary dros Ypsilantis, his brother Dimitrios, Theo­ Freedom. assumes however a particular significance doros Kolotronis and Archbishop Germanos abroad where the emigrant Greeks maintain of Patras were responsible for the events DIM OUTLOOK FOR LIBRARIES a remarkable dedication to the traditions and which we remember and honor here, today. customs of the Greek Nation. But also be­ In more modern times the Greeks have cause they are reminded of the important fought to remain independent even though contribution of the emigrant Greeks in the they have been attacked by both the forces HON. DONALD M. FRASER years of slavery but also at the time of the of the left and the right. OF MINNESOTA Revolution. In 1940 the Facists demanded that the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I am therefore greatly moved and pleased Greeks surrender. On October 25, they re­ that we celebrate today our splendid anni­ plied "Okhi" or "No" and that day is now Tuesday, April 17, 1973 versary, because you, who are today citizens celebrated as a holiday. Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, the Fed­ of this great and hospitable country of the Following the Second World War, Greece United States of America, do not cease to eral library p'togram has done much to was attacked by the Communists and once bring library services to people who were keep unmitigated your faith in the Greek again the Greeks managed to maintain their spiritual ideals. freedom. either poorly served before or served not Particularly I congratulate you of the area The continuing struggle of the Greek peo­ at all. Millions of people have had better of historic Philadelphia-who constitute a ple to remain free and independent is a access to books and reading materials, lively part of the Americans of Greek de­ source of inspiration to all of us and you as because of the extra Federal dollars scent-on the excellent organization of the Greek-Americans are justifiably proud of available to local library systems. anniversary today, with which you have en­ your heritage. thusiastically shown the expression of grati­ Unfortunately, it looks as if this Fed­ Greek civilization is remembered for many eral role may be ccming to ar. end. We tude to our heroic ancestors of 1821. things, art, literature, philosophy, and arch­ (End of translation.) itecture. But, as a lawyer, and a Congress­ understand that President Nixon will We follow your achievements with pro­ man, I am most conscious of the great men ask for no new funds this year for li­ found interest and great admiration. And of the law, such as Draco, Solon, Cleistenes, braries. The program for public libraries I can say that, as the emigrant Greeks of Pericles and Lycurgus who are responsible authorized under the Library Services the years before the Revolution of 1821 for many of our most basic legal concepts. Act, will be eliminated entirely. And so played an inestimable role in moving the Because ancient Greece was governed un­ will the Education Act programs that world public opinion for the just cause of the der the rule of law, these men were honored Greek struggle for Independence and sub­ provide funds for school and college and esteemed. Their teachings and examples libraries. stantially helped their motherland, you also are not forgotten today. contribtue immensely to the projection of When members of the House of Repre­ In the Twin Cities, we estimate that the cultural and spiritual ideals of Greece sentatives go from their offices to the floor of the public libraries will lose close to a and to the strengthening of the bond of Congress to debate and vote on the laws of half million in Fede'tal money, because friendship which so happily unite the two our country, they pass sculptures of men of these budget cuts. Elementary and countries. such as Solon and Lycurgus. secondary schools in the metropolitan With these thoughts and in this spirit let These busts and reliefs are not placed there area will lose another half million dol­ us all rejoice at the commemoration of the just for decoration. They are reminders of great anniversary of 1821. lars in library aid. the men and traditions which law makers These programs are by no means a must follow if they are to fulfill their ob­ REMARKS BY GOV. MILTON J. SHAPP ligation to all the people. heavy drain on the Federal Treasury. Greece came under rule of the Ottoman It is the impartial rule of law and close Last year, for example, the total Federal Empire in 1453 and on March 25, 1821, the adherence to its principles which makes a expenditure for libraries across the Na­ Greek war for independence from the Turks country great. If the United States is to tion was under $150 million--or less than began. maintain its position of world leadership, we the cost of 10 F-14 fighter planes. Faced I am honored to be part of the commem­ will have to continue to follow the basic with this kind of choice, the administra­ oration services to honor a Greek people principles set down years ago by the ancient tion apparently is opting for the mili­ who overcame a foreign power occupying Greeks and followed by the Greek-American their homeland, a people who were oppressed community of today. tary budget. The defense budget will rise for more than 300 years but never lost their Thank you. by several billions in the President's p'to­ spark of nationruism, of pride, of a desire posals while this library aid is ended. to be free. I insert the following vivid article by The entire history of the Greek nation has Colman McCarthy which appeared in the been one of battle against outside occupa­ tion. First it was the Romans in the second FREEDOM TREE DEDICATION Washington Post on April 13, 1973: and first centuries B.C. DIM OUTLOOK FOR LmRARIES In the fourth century A.D. Greece became (By Colman McCarthy) part of the Eastern Byzantine Empire and It is National Library Week but instead then in 1453 part of the Ottoman Empire. HON. JERRY L. PETTIS OF CALIFORNIA of taking pride in their work librarians are We are here today to commemorate those taking cover. They see themselves and the people who rose up and freed their home­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nation's 12,000 libraries as harassed targets land from the Turks 152 years ago. Tuesday, April 17, 1973 of budget cuts proposed by the Nixon ad­ It was on this day in 1821 that the Greek ministration. For 1974, the Library Services national flag was again flown over Athens Mr. PETTIS. Mr. Speaker, I would like and Construction Act is scheduled to receive and the Greek people determined they would to bring to the attention of my colleagues zero funding. This blackout applies as well no longer accept Ottoman rule in their home the fine citizenship that has been dis­ for library programs under the Elementary country. and Secondary Education Act and the Higher Despite the odds, and despite the power of played by a group of young Americans in the community of San Bernardino in my Education Act. Like nickels and dimes for the ottoman Empire, the Greek determina­ overdue books, the Nixon administration is tion to be free proved to be the ultimate State of California. The children of St. calling this money back, a total last year of factor. Anne's Catholic Grammar School orga­ $140 mill1on. At the same time he is getting Though ill-equipped and lacking supplies, nized a special Freedom Tree Dedication out of the book business, Richard Nixon the Greek people were victorious in their day honoring Cmdr. Roy Bowling, a na­ says-in a message to the librarians at the war for independence. Although the fight­ tive of San Bernardino, Calif., who is start of their unhappy week-that "an effi­ ing took better than eight years, the Turks listed as missing in action in Vietnam. cient and readily accessible library system" were defeated and driven from Greece. is essential to the Republic. The bravery and determination of these For their concern for all American serv­ The differences between a politician's elo­ Greek patriots who fought and died for the icemen, especially those captured or lost, quent talk and his actions are nOthing new freedom of their homeland, serve as an in­ and their enthusiasm for the value of to Washington, but librarians in the neigh­ spiration for all of us. freedom, good citizenship, and brother- borhoods have no way of fighting back. MU- 12846 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 17, 1973 ton Byam, director of the District of Co­ "Dimming The Ligb!ts On The Public's Right of total manpower reform and not enact lumbia's public library, reports that "We have To Know." piecemeal legislation. This can only be felt the proposed cuts in two ways. We have With no direct federal support for li­ if four model cities storefront branches and braries-as such support has been present done we defeat the rule. two bookmobiles that may disappear. These since 1956--it is clear that in the librarians' Although this legislation is not due to are in poor areas, in the city's northeast sec­ cry of wolf, a wolf truly is at the door. The expire for some 2 months, this bill tion. In addition, the proposed zero funding association speaks with precision when it has been pushed through the Rules Com­ of the Library Services and Construction Act says the public's right to know is at stake. mittee and we find the House Members endangers the whole attempt to give services Countless citizens use libraries not only for being asked tomorrow to vote on legis­ to the blind, the physically handicapped, the books, recordings and other services but also lation without having full time for ana­ home-bound and the citizens in hospitals for magazines and daily newspapers. How lytical consideration. Indeed, the rule and prisons. They'll have no books or serv­ enjoyable it would be for the Nixon admin­ ices. We've been promised that revenue shar­ iStration to see libraries closed that spend itself asked for a waiver of the 3-day ing will take care of this but we see no way money for books and publications critical of provision which is there to provide for that this will be true." administration policies. Can any other way orderly process. The more responsible According to administration testimony be­ of silencing critics be more effective than procedure would be to defeat the rule fore the House Education and Labor Com­ closing down libraries? on H.R. 4204 if we cannot consider total mittee, libraries will be eligible for money Until now the phrase "the public's right manpower reform at this time. under general and special revenue sharing. to know" has had a narrow interpretation I have long shared the belief that "That sounds fine when you hear it out of used by editors and journalists who refused transitional public service employment context," says Eileen Cooke director of the to be scared off by grand juries and possible Washington office of the American Library jall terms. Now, however, with libraries un­ ought to be one of the tools available to Association. "But put it into context. Under der seige, individual citizens are no longer State and local government for carrying general revenue sharing mayors control the passive witnesses to the exchange of fire be­ out a comprehensive manpower program money. This means that libraries must com­ tween the press and the government; they geared to meet local needs and chang­ pete for limited funds with other vital serv­ are being fired on too. Some citizens already ing conditions. I have long believed that ices such as police and fire protection, sewage understand this. Mrs. Lee Leibowitz of Rock­ it should be part of a total program ad­ disposal and public transportation. Under ville has been blind for 10 years. She has dressed to the real needs of the more the proposed special education revenue shar­ been using her local library for its Talking ing, the state could fund school libraries Books program. "Libraries are crucial,'' she than 5 million unemployed in this coun­ but the money would have come out of pro­ says. "How much TV and radio can we con­ try. However, the bill we will have before grams for school lunches, adult education, sume? I feel personally insulted by the Nixon us tomorrow, H.R. 4204, is fatally de­ vocational training, aid for the handicapped administration in cutting back funds for fective for a number of reasons, among and efforts like that. libraries. I'm blind. And now I'm being told which are the following: The librarians do not disdain getting into that I may have to get along without a li­ First, the authorization :figures are the gritty scramble for dollars but they are brary. Go shift for yourself iS the message. unrealistic in light of budgetary con­ realists who know that local budget offices It's very frightening." strictions. The Emergency Employment put low value on books. "It's ironic" says Miss It is also cause for wonder. Officials of the Cooke. "Go back and read what Mr. Nixon Nixon administration tell the public that Act was originally enacted in July of said in his inaugural where he paraphrased its budget cuts for social programs mean 1971 as an emergeny measure to help John Kennedy and said the citizens should that public money iS being saved. Saved for deal with a high national unemployment begin asking what they can do for them­ what? The reason people send in their tax rate-6 percent-that threatened to selves. But what symbolizes this self-help money, aside from fear of the IRS, is that move higher. At that time, the 2-year more than a good neighborhood library? If they know some part of it, all too small a aggregate authorization was set at $2,- the public is going to make the wise decisions part, goes for such benefits as libraries. But 250,000,000. Now, at a time when the na­ of citizenship that the President asks for, if libraries disappear, where are the benefits? tional unemployment rate is at 5 per­ how can they do it without adequate libraries History has seen governments that have and current information? It is obvious the burned books or banned them; the Nixon ad­ cent and appears to be moving down, President has received poor advice about ministration is not trying this but the effect this bill proposes to extend an emergency libraries from his budget people." may be the same: the smothering of infor­ program with a 2-year aggregate author­ Oddly, the administration says the library mation. ization of $4,500,000,000-double that of progra.m.s have succeeded, and that this A chance exists that libraries may be sal­ the original act. success means the libraries can make it vaged through action by Congress. If rallied Second, there is no real need for this without federal money. Thus, in its social by the public, the politicians may fight to bill. The existing EEA authorization does programs, the administration is having it reject the proposed cuts. Even then if Con­ not run out until June 30, 1974. In addi­ both ways: the libraries can be abandoned gress does restore the money for libraries, because they succeed while other programs, the administration may not spend it. If this tion, should the national unemployment like Community Action, can be scrapped be­ happens, the lights that are to be dimmed rate fan below 4.5 percent for 3 consecu­ cause they are said to fail. May 8 may well stay dimmed. tive months, most of the funds under the Even before the Nixon administration de­ committee bill would be triggered auto­ cided to save money by walking away from matically. And it was only last week that libraries the situation wa.s strained. For the the Department of Labor indicated it will last six months of 1972, for example, the MANPOWER REFORM LEGISLATION spend over $800 million between March University of Michigan library was unable to 15 of this year and June 30, 1974, for the buy any books. Nearly 40 per cent of U.S. continuation of EEA, and have already elementary schools still lack libraries. In HON. MARVIN L. ESCH advocated these funds to more than 650 some states as many as 95 per cent of the OF MICHIGAN elementary schools have no libraries. In the cities, counties, and States. last budget proposals for school libraries­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Third, the original act was passed and before zero funding was proposed-the mon­ Tuesday, April 17, 1973 signed by the President in the under­ ey would have purchased only one-third of a standing that it was a transitional pro­ book per school child. As for public libraries, Mr. ESCH. Mr. Speaker, unfortunate­ gram and not designed to provide per­ some 20 million citl.zens live in neighbor­ ly, the Rules Committee passed a rule manent employment of individuals on hoods where none exists. In communities that would not allow the House to work public payrolls. To assure that the act that do have libraries it is clear they are its will on total manpower reform legis­ would remain transitional in scope, the valued. Last May when the "experts" pre­ lation. Tomorrow the majority will at­ authorization was limited to 2 years. This dicted a taxpayer revolt, citizens in four tempt to bring to the floor, H.R. 4204, further extension would defeat and New York counties-Nassau, Suffolk, West­ the so-called Emergency Employment would be contrary to that purpose. chester and Rockland-voted in favor of Act. I rise today to speak to the House to Fourth, this act purports to serve a most library budgets, not against. In some urge that they amend the rule to allow confusing and often conflicting set of communities school budgets were rejected our bill, H.R. 6710, to be in order. This purposes-helping young people and vet­ while library budgets passed. can be done if the Members will vote "No" erans; welfare recipients; and migrants; Against this background librarians are call­ on the previous question to the rule. If the non-English speaking; a.nd the un­ ing the actions of the Nixon administration the vote on the previous question fails, employed technical and professional per- "tragic" and "disastrous." The American I urge you to defeat the rule on H.R. Library Association has begun a program to sonnel. Frankly, I believe that this act is let the public know that libraries are now 4204. We simply should not extend one unsuited for these individuals in a thne on the endangered species list. On May 8, more categorical program. The Education of rising employment OPPOrtunities. The Ubraries across the country will dim their and Labor Committee should in the next fact is that only a little more than a lights, a symbolic gesture whose theme 1S 3 months face squarely the problem third of all persons employed under this April 17, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12847 act can be described as disadvantaged tion, congressional action is needed." (Em­ strings that have no bearing on our particu­ and more than 60 percent are at least phasis supplied.) lar situation. We can understand the need for national priorities. But in many instances high school graduates. Only about 12 per­ The report, in effect, stated that in an these national priorities are passed on to the cent have been welfare recipients and effort to help relieve the burdens of the local level in the form of inflexible guide­ less than one-third have been veterans unemployed what we have actually done lines. PEP (the acronym for the program who served in Indochina. Many are tech­ is to create a monster that serves to authorized by the Emergency Employment nicians, paraprofessionals and profes­ confuse the person in search of training Act) allows us some fiexibUity, but if we are sional personnel who were unemployed and a meaningful job and oftentimes going to be able to respond adequately to the because of temporary or purely local dis­ lead that person in the wrong direction. needs of our citizens hold us accountable locations in the economy and are the first for, we need greater fiexib111ty. Only compre­ The bill before us, H.R. 4204, ignores hensive manpower reform legislation can to find regular jobs as unemployment not only the advice of one of the few give us the fl.exibUity which includes the declines. As economic conditions improve, instruments Congress has in assisting it option of transitional public bector employ­ the needs of the unemployed shift more to make policy, it has also ignored the ment. and more to skilled training and basic advice of the Nation's Governors, county Mr. Speaker, the testimony of these education, which this act is most cer­ officials, and mayors, who, while not op­ tainly not designed to accommodate. posing EEA extension have urged that representatives of our Nation's States, Mr. Speaker, it is my firm belief that cities, and counties, have convinced many priority be given to total reform. here that there is a need not to go with enactment of H.R. 4204 would make more As Gov. Patrick J. Lucey of Wisconsin, remote the achievement of a decatc­ a simple 2-year extension of EEA, but testifying on February 27, 1973, before for a comprehensive bill that meets the gorized, decentralized, comprehensive a Senate Subcommittee on Manpower manpower authority which virtually needs of those millions who would not and Poverty, stated: benefit under a PEP program. every expert on the subject agrees is an I believe virtually all governors would urgent national priority in the field of agree on a basic set of principles which any Accordingly, I have introduced a Com­ manpower development. new federal manpower policy must embrace. prehensive Manpower Act, designed to Accordingly, I have introduced a sub­ •.. We want the kind of manpower reform reduce the confusion of our present man­ stitute bill, H.~. 6710-the Comprehen­ legislation which will decategorize programs, power program and to provide a system sive Manpower Act, the principal fea­ make a specific sum available to state and for the States and localities to meet their tures of which have been the subject of local government on a formula. basis, and needs. This legislation provides for com­ extensive testimony before the Select allow us to plan for the use of that money prehensive manpower training and re­ based on state and local needs. In short, we lated services, including public employ­ Labor Committee, of which I am rank­ agree with the President that there is a need ing member, over the past 3 years. It is for a newly defined federalism in America, ment programs, under a State plan ap­ unfortunate that the route has been that narrow federal program requirements proved by the Secretary. Under the plan, chosen of simply extending the Emer­ frequently get in the way of good adminis­ the State would designate "prime spon­ gency Employment Act in the face of trative policy and meaningful and effective sors," which can be a unit of government overwhelming evidence of the need for action at the state and local levels. or any combination of governments, extensive reform of the near-chaotic net­ Gov. Francis W. Sargent of Massa­ which will have the "prime" responsi­ work of manpower development pro­ chusetts, and Gov. Calvin L. Rampton, bility for administering the program with grams which the Federal Government of Utah, supported these views in the passthrough dollars. has created over the last decade. It is same hearing, and all three requested a However, the mayors in a prime spon­ a system which does not serve well either significant State role in the planning sor area can veto the State plan for their the national interest or that of the un­ and execution of manpower programs. area, and any difficulty in resolving a employed or underemployed person. The Honorable Patricia Sheehan, plan with the State will be decided by Perhaps the most impressive testimony mayor of New Brunswick, N.J., testifying the Secretary. to date on the absurdity of our present before our Select Subcommittee on La­ A second key provision is a requirement system is the brilliant illustration of bor on March 6, 1973, on behalf of the that institutional training be provided or mass chaos and confusion in the District National League of Cities and the U.S. approved by the State agency adminis­ of Columbia's manpower programs found Conference of Mayors reiterated the need tering the Vocational Education Act. I in the GAO report submitted to Con­ for "enactment of manpower reform believe that it is time that we recognize gress this past January. legislation which embodies the basic that our vocational education programs Therein is described a wild blur of principles of program decategorization, ought to be administered through the competing programs-such as JOBS, program decentralization and program State agencies and should be coordinated MEDmC, EFEC, PIC, PEP, PAM, with the State's manpower efforts. Title PRIDE, CEP, CLIC, CREATE, WIN, consolidation and which would provide II of this bill authorizes a transitional WICS, WREST, and WOW, not to men­ for the creation of permanent public public service employment program to be tion Project Build, Project Open, and service employment opportunities." administered at the discretion of locali­ Project Option. And to quote from this Then Mayor Sheehan added this com­ ties. Salaries for PEP employees would be study: ment which is extremely pertinent to the limited to $12,000 per year and the Fed­ No one knows how many people are being consideration of the bill before us and eral Government share of the cost is held trained, where they are being trained, for the Comprehensive Manpower Act. Said at 90 percent. what occupations they are being trained, or Mayor Sheehan: The bill authorizes $2.5 billion for fis­ the impact of the training on the demand From the very beginning I want to make cal year 1974, and for each of the suc­ for skllled workers. a critical aspect of our policy clear. We be­ ceeding 2 years, a figure slightly above lieve that the reform of national manpower fiscal year 1973 spending for all man­ Unfortunately, for the unemployed policy MUST include both comprehensive throughout the country, GAO correctly reorganization of existing manpower train­ power programs and including the $800 surmised that the manpower situation ing programs and commitment to permanent million carryover for EEA. Seventy-five in the District is fairly typical of urban public service employment. It is not an percent of these funds are for the State areas and the report made findings and either-or proposition. grants and PEP programs; 25 percent is conclusions as follows: Mr. John Klein, the county executive reserved for national emphasis programs GAO's study of the 17 Federal manpower of Suffolk County, N.Y., testified before such as PEP, Indians, bilingual instruc­ programs revealed a maze of local systems the Select Subcommittee on Labor on tion, migrant and seasonal farmworkers, for the delivery of slmllar job training and employment services to the same group of March 21, 1973, on behalf of the National middle-aged and older workers. A special District residents. The providing of such Association of Counties, and submitted $450,000,000 set-aside is authorized for services on an individual program approach a strong endorsement for reform. As Mr. "Manpower Programs for Youth"-in resulted in a complex, confusing, and unco­ Klein stated: section 306-to include NYC and other ordinated effort to assist those persons in Our first preference with respect to public youth employment programs. becoming gainfully employed. The multiplic­ service employment is that it be a part of Other special Federal responsibilities ity of Federal programs and the confusing a comprehem;ive manpower bill. It 1s our network of delivery systems ... are persua­ conviction that public employment should include manpower research and develop­ sive evidence of the need for simplification be part of the arsenal available to local spon­ ment, a national computerized job bank . . . To achieve as comprehensive manpower sors to use in meeting locally determined pri­ program, employment opportunities for delivery system for the Df.strict and the Na- orities. We do not wish our hands tied with the disadvantaged, occupational upgrad- 1t2848 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 17, 1973 ing, and an emphasis on Vietnam vet­ We simply must take a coordinated no favoritism and no argument. Don't worry erans. systems approach to meeting manpower about hurting the poor folks; they'll be on needs, one which is client oriented. We welfare anyhow. The only people you'd really Lastly, title V establishes a National nick are the millionaires who are now lurk­ Institute for Manpower Policy to con­ need to be able in every manpower mar­ ing in your loopholes, tax-free. duct studies and make future recom­ ket area to determine for any given time You scare us that our balance of trade is mendations for a coherent manpower the job opportunities available and to unfavorable; that we are buying more im­ policy. make reasonably accurate forecasts of ported goods than we are selling. Why don't Mr. Speaker, this legislation ad­ changing demands. We should be able to you turn the farmers loose on the export dresses squarely the issue of whether or determine the real potential of unem­ market and see how much cotton, rice, wheat not it is sound policy to proceed sepa­ ployed and underemployed persons seek­ corn and processed agricultural products we can trade for German cars and Japanese rately with an extension of the Emer­ ing help and to provide effective employ­ TV sets? gency Employment Act as opposed to ment counseling, as well as the oppor­ You are saving money, you say, but cut­ the inclusion of a public service employ­ tunity for job experience or temporary ting out disaster loans, housing subsidies ment component in comprehensive re­ jobs through public service employment. and conservation funds in rural areas. All form legislation. you're doing is preparing a lot of broke farm­ The fact is that the Emergency Em­ ers on your welfare rolls and letting your ployment Act in its existing form, and taxpaying American farmland wash down in­ as it would be extended by H.R. 4204, WHY NOT A "STATE OF THE PEOPLE" to the Gulf of Mexico. Even a politician ADDRESS should be able to see that if his taxpayers authorizes a narrowly categorical man­ go broke, his country will too. power program to be added to those You promised that you were going to funded under other legislation. Funds streamline the postal service and make it made available to governmental units HON. BILL ALEXANDER more rapid. Whatever you did, didn't work. under this act may be spent only for OF ARKANSAS You might hire all those wild Indians from Wounded Knee to line up across the country public service employment, although IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES they may be very much needed for other in a network of smoke signals to speed up Tuesday, April 17, 1973 the message carrying. There are plenty of types of manpower training services. surplus Indians. On foggy days, when smoke Conversely, funds made available under Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speaker, since signals couldn't be seen, they could line up other legislation for other programs may January, we have been periodically ex­ closer together and "Whooop" messages from not be utilized for public service em­ posed to mimeographed notices of the point to point. ployment even though special circum­ President's view on the state of the We appreciate you getting the Army out stances or needs in a locality require an Union. Today, I would like to share with of Vietnam, but it might have been better expansion of such employment beyond you and my colleagues the state of the if you'd have gotten the communists out first. Now if you can just get the Navy and that permitted by funding under this Union from another point of view-the Air Force out of Laos, Cambodia and the rest act. This is precisely the kind of binding people's. of the Far East, we can let the reds bring the inflexibility State and local officials find I think you will find Mr. Courtney's fighting to us. so unrealistic. column much more entertaining and We liked your advice about saying gasoline Moreover-unlike the public service probably just as realistic as some of the by driving slower. The way traffic is in most component described in title II of the messages passed down from the White places, if we went much slower we wouldn't substitute bill-the major portion of this need a car at all. That would save gas, for House: sure. program-section 5 of the act--is tern­ CASUAL CHAT It would be nice if all politicians could be porary. It is triggered automatically if (By Bill Courtney) required to take up golf, piano playing or the national unemployment rate falls (Lately, most of the communication be­ parcheesi. The coullltry could use a little re­ below 4.5 percent for 3 consecutive tween government and the people is going lief from the amount of government we're months-as may well occur in the next one way. They're telling us about the State getting these days. Give us a "bureaucrat few months if present trends continue­ o! the Nation, but aren't listening to the break." leaving only a program authorized under State of The People. So let's write them a It's nice to talk to you, Mr. President, Mr. section 6 for areas which have had an letter.) Congress and Mr. Courts. But we doubt if Dear Government: We got your message you heard us; we sometimes feel you don't unemployment rate of 6 percent or above about beating high food costs by cutting even know we're down here. for 3 consecutive months. There is a down on the amount we eat. But we cut GRASS RoOTS. degree of uncertainty in this program down a long time ago, when meat went over which makes it an undependable com­ a dollar a pound. I don't rightly see how we ponent in any manpower program. can quit doing something we're already not Nor can the extension of this act be doing. LEGAL SERVICES regarded as an answer to the problem Tell your economist-s to quit bLaming the in price of steaks on the price of cattle. A lot of unemployment emphasized the of us cattle raisers would be glad to trade views of the majority. At the peak of incomes with the people who butcher the HON. FRANK THOMPSON, JR. the program in July of 1972, 185,000 per­ cattle, even though we know the govern­ OF NEW JERSEY sons were employed in it as compared ment regulates wage increases. If you would IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with national unemployment of 5,000,- regula,te farm prices like you regulate labor, Tuesday, April 17, 1973 000---or 3 percent of the total unem­ all of us farmers would need Swiss bank ployed. This represents no more than the accounts, and we could buy SWitzerland as Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey. Mr. well. Speaker, there has been a good deal said amount of :fluctuation which might typi­ We also heard your talk about the "energy cally occur from one month to the next shortage." We've been around long enough to in recent weeks concerning the legal know this means you're going to get the gas services program. Although the Presi­ in the number of unemployed in the Na­ dent has himself endorsed the concept tion. and electric companies to raise their prices and allow gasoline to go to 50 cents a gal­ of legal services, we know that his mes­ Mr. Speaker, I believe that the Con­ lon. We know there's an ocean of oil in sage apparently has not gotten through gress should set to work on developing Alaska, dammed up behind your federal to Mr. Howard Phillips, Acting Director national manpower policy expressed in courts. You just let them pump that oil to of the Office of Economic Opportunity. comprehensive legislation. Otherwise the mainline and then see if we have a In case there are any of our colleagues shortage. the major policy decisions will continue Service people promised they were going who question the need for the program, I to be made in the executive branch by to simplify their returns. They did it by commend to their attention an excellent regulation. The extension of narrow, making them so completely mystifying that commentary by Mr. James J. Kilpatrick, categorical program authorizations­ we simplified our task by hiring someone else a distinguished columnist. His commen­ particularly when there is no immediate to do it. Have you ever considered asking tary reads as follows: Congress to repeal the whole incomprehen­ CoNTINUE LEGAL SERVICES? BY ALL MEANS threat of the expiration of the pro­ sible mish-mash they call the Internal Reve­ gram-seriously undermines this posi­ nue Code? Then replace it with a law that There are times, sad to say, when Ameri­ tion and further postpones a long over­ says simply: "Pay 10 percent of all your in­ can conservatives appear to constitute "the due congressional initiative. come, period." No deductions, no loophole.s, stupid party,'' as John Stuart Mill once April 17, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12849 labeled their British counterparts a cen­ WHAT THEY RECOMMEND IS NOT working hours and standing in long lines. tury ago. By their failure to give active sup­ WHAT WE GET Although the great majority of States pro­ port to a continuing program of legal serv­ vides permanent registration, only half ices for the poor, my brother conservatives enable voters to register in their precincts are abandoning their principles and exhibit­ rather than at one county office Only 17 ing a dull-wittedness that makes a man HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL States allow registration by mail. despair. OF NEW YORK Registration systems originally were estab­ Of course a legal services program should IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lished to provide up-to-date lists of eligible be extended! Let the Congress, if it pleases, voters to prevent multiple voting and other scrap everything else that has been funded Tuesday, April 17, 1973 electoral frauds. But often the systems used through the Office of Economic Opportunity. Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, in 1968, have had a quite different effect. Frequently Let the administration, if it can, dismantle registration has become an obstacle course a hundred boondoggling, paper-shuffling pro­ the Walker report was issued calling the for the voter rather than an assistance to grams of grants-in-aid. But in one form or demonstrations at the Democratic Na­ voting. another, the Neighborhood Legal Services tional Convention a "riot'' on the part A different problem is posed by registra­ must be maintained. of the Chicago police department. Only tion provisions designed for the simple pur­ Chiseled in stone above the great white the now-famous "Chicago 8" were in­ pose of preventing people from voting and columns of the U.S. Supreme Court are four dicted, and they surely were not police­ so keeping political power in the hands of famous words: Equal justice under law. No men. In 1970, the Scranton Commission one or another group. For example, one concept in our public life is nobler and no called the shooting of Kent State Un1- State is considering a plan to cut off regis­ concept has been more poorly served. The tration many months before Election Day. grim truth is that for all practical purposes versity students by the Ohio National In too many States, registration closes we still have two systems of law in this Guard "unwarranted and inexcusable." more than a month before the election, when country, one for the rich, another for the Shortly thereafter, 25 Kent students political campaigns are not in full swing and poor. Every newspaperman who ever has were brought up on criminal charges, peak interest has not been achieved. Early covered the small claims and criminal courts while the Guard members were totally closing dates coupled with the inconvenience of his city knows this is so. exonerated. of many registration procedures discourage Granted, much has been done in recent These are only two of many recent ex­ potential voters Unlike registration systems years. Indigent defendants, even in serious amples of recommendations and reports in other Western democracies, where the misdemeanor cases, now have a right to initiative is with local officials and the counsel. Bail reform has remedied some of by responsible commissions being totally process is simple and direct, registration in the most :flagrant evils of the criminal jus­ ignored. Indeed, actions have been taken the United States often imposes undue tice system. Since 1965, the federally assisted by the Government that are totally op­ burdens on citizens who desire to vote. legal services program has greatly benefited posite of commission recommendations. the poor in areas of civil litigation. Now This is truly unfortunate. Presidential this civil program-a program seeking to and other study commissions have been promote equal justice under law-is threat­ made up of experienced and ta-lented ARCTIC HEALTH RESEARCH ened with abandonment. Conservatives, people who are politically Wlbiased. CENTER dedicated in pl'inciple to this elementary proposition, ought to be in the forefront Their observations and studies should be of a fight to push the cause along. carefully considered, and, very often, But where are they? They are grumbling their recommendations imJ>lemented. HON. DON YOUNG that in recent years the program of legal Nowhere is this more true than in the OF ALASKA services has been abused. Doubtless this is area of voter registration. A 1963 Presi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES true. It would be incredible not to discover dential Commission on Registration and abuses in a program involving 2,500 lawyers Voting Participation summarized: Tuesday, April 17, 1973 in 900 neighborhood law offices. Restrictive legal and administrative pro­ Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, But these occasional abuses, while serious, cedures in registration and voting disen­ while the United States is only beginning have been few. Viewed on the whole record, franchise millions. the legal services program has helped to fos­ to realize the importance of its Arctic ter a sense of confidence not only in the Many of the recommendations put resources, the people, the minerals, the courts, but also in what is known vaguely forth by the Commission are embodied in timber, and fish of the North, it bas come as "the system." In a message two years the National Voter Registration Rights to my attention that the Federal Govern­ ·ago, urging creation of a wholly independent Act of 1973-H.R. 4846-that I have in­ ment plans to abolish the Arctic Health Legal Services Corporation. President Nixon Research Center. The center, as you may made that point. "This program can provide troduced in the House of Representa­ a most effective mechal!l.ism for settling dif­ tives. This time aroWld, let us take a know, was established at Fairbanks, ferences and securing justice within the close look at the Presidential Commis­ Alaska, 25 years ago. And since then, it system and not on the streets." sion on Voter Registration and what has gained a worldwide reputation as a Unh·appy, Nixon now seems to be dragging we can do in Congress to enact its cogent leading facility for Arctic research. his heels. The present $70 million program recommendations. I now submit for your While the subject of closure is still be­ is to expire in June, and nothing is yet in attentii>n and the attention of my col­ ing debated, I wish, at this time, to bring sight to take its place. It would be calamitous leagues, relevant excerpts from the 1963 to your attention Senate Joint Resolu­ to let the concept go. As a recent report from tion No. 29, passed this year concerning the General Accounting Office made clear, Commission report: the great bulk of case-work by the NLS law­ LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE CAUSES OF LOW the Arctic Health Research Center by yers involves legal problems arising from VOTER TURNOUT the Alaska State Legislature: housing, domestic relations, employment and Restrictive legal and administrative pro· SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION No. 29 consumer grievances. cedures for registration and voting are a Be it resolved by the Legislature of the What is needed-and needed promptly­ major reason for low participation. Many State of Alaska: is a bill to create an independent legal serv­ election laws and administrative practices Whereas the Arctic Health Research Cen­ ices corporation, generously funded, with are unreasonable, unfair, and outmoded. ter was established in 1948 to conduct ac­ authority to provide essential representation They obstruct the path to the ballot box, tivities necessary in the investigation, for the poor. Such a corporation should disfranchising millions who want to vote. prevention, treatment, and control of dis­ have backup facilities for research. It ought An unexpected business trip or a broken eases; and not to be denied a hand in "law reform." ankle can deprive a citizen of his right to Whereas since that time the Center has Neither should it be prohibited from bring­ vote. He may lose his vote by moving across gained a world-renowned reputation for its ing the class actions that often provide the the street. And he may discover that because work in cold-adaptive processes, cold as a most effective remedies at law. he failed to vote two years ago he cannot factor in human stress, the life cycles of COnservatives should back such a bill, in vote now. parasites and host-parasite relationships the full awareness that from time to time Registration Systems: The exercise of the peculiar to the arctic, and more recently for they will be irritated, harassed, and outraged franchise in the United States usually re­ its work related to the biomedical and en­ by the "zeal and adrenalin." Mistakes will quires two deliberate acts on two different vironmental engineering needs of concerns be made. Incidents of bad judgment can be days: registration and voting. The finest planning arctic activities, and for its efforts expected. But if we truly believe in equal voting system in the world is of no avail related to a. host of other projects too numer­ justice under law, we ought not to be de­ if registration inhibits participation. Regis­ ous to list; and terred from supporting an etrort to make tration procedures often require a visit to Whereas lt currently serves as the only those words in stone something more than the county courthouse, with such attendant United States nonmilitary focus on cold an empty phrase. inconveniences as making the trip during weather research on the health and social CXIX---811-Part 10 12850 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 17, 1973 well-being of man in the arct ic and sub­ problem, but calling for the creation of can do to extend knowledge and enrich arctic environment; and a Land Claims Commission to investigate human consciousness. This anniversary Whereas under the proposed federal budget the matter, was introduced in the Senate should also serve to remind us that the study for 1973-74 the Arctic Health Research Cen­ of science is one of man's noblest pursuits. ter wlll be abolished; and by Senator HENRY JACKSON, chariman of Now, Therefore, I, Richard Nixon, Presi­ Whereas there is national recognition of the Interior Committee. Testimony was dent of the United States of America, in Alaskan resources, human needs and prob• also heard on that blll. consonance with House Joint Resolution 5, lems, all dictating cont inued research into During the hearings on both measures, do hereby designate the week of Aprll23, 1973, the biomedical and environment al fields in considerable testimony was put forth by as Nicolaus Copernicus Week, and I call upon connection with the arctic; and members of the Guam Legislature as to the people of the United States to join with Whereas the proposed termination of the the need for this legislation. As the wit­ the Nations' scientific community, as well as operations of the Center is at the least a nesses from Guam spoke, one tragic that of Poland and other nations, in violation of the spirit of sec. 2(c) of the observing that week with appropriate cere­ Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act; story after another began to unfold about monies and activities. Be it resolved by the Alaska Legislature how the local people were consistently In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set that the proposed abolition of the Arctic denied due process of law by the Navy my hand this tenth day of AprU, in the Health Research Center is deplored and it during the dealings over the land. year of our Lord nineteen hundred seventy­ urgently requests the President of the United It is true that many persons were three, and of the Independence of the United States to direct the Office of Management coerced, including through an appeal to States of America the one hundred ninety· and Budget to fully fund the Center for their sense of loyalty and patriotism to seventh. fiscal 1973-74. RICHARD NIXON. Copies of this Resolution shall be sent to America, into selling their land at give­ the Honorable Richard M. Nixon, President away prices. Many others received Nicolaus Copernicus, whose baptismal of the United States; the Honorable Caspar threats and other forms of intimidation name was Mikolaj Kopernik, was born in Weinberger, Secretary, Department of Health, if they demurred in accepting the offered Torun, Poland, 500 years ago and scien­ Education and Welfare; the Honorable Roy L . settlement. As our only form of govern­ tific communities from around the world Ash, Director, Office of Management and ment was by military edict, concerned Budget; the Honorable John L. McClellan, are leading the public in observance of Chairman, Senate Appropriations Commit­ citizens had no place to seek assistance, the quincentennial observance. tee; the Honorable George H. Mahon, Chair­ except to a court which was operated and Here in the United States, the Smith­ man, House Appropriations Committee; and officiated by naval officers-hardly a dis­ sonian Institution, in cooperation with to the Honorable Ted Stevens and the interested judicial body. the National Academy of Sciences, has Honorable Mike Gravel, U.S. Senators, and Now, over 20 years later, hundreds of arranged an extensive program and ex­ the Honorable Don Young, U.S. Representa­ people on Guam still wonder if justice hibit in honor of this modest Polish tive, members of the Alaska delegation in will ever prevail. They wait and hope scientist whose revelations on the uni­ congress. that Congress will finally take cognizance verse are considered the beginning of of their plight and at long last give these modem science. people an avenue of relief which they A major scientific international sym­ THE PEOPLE OF GUAM WANT FAIR need. PAYMENT FOR THEm LANDS posium "The Nature of Scientific Dis­ What the people seek is justice. The covery" ha.s been arranged to begin next people of Guam want to be assured that Monday. their years of dedication to the American Immediately after the opening session, HON. ANTONIO BORJA WON PAT flag will not go unnoticed, and that our the scientific presentations will be inter­ OF GUAM people who were accorded grievous treat­ rupted for a program in charge of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment can finally gain the justice they U.S. Postal Service marking the first­ Tuesday, April 17, 1973 rightfully seek. day-of-issue of the Copernicus com­ memorative stamp. Mr. WON PAT. Mr. Speaker, in the AGE OF COPERNICUS years immediately following World War II, the U.S. military took possession of a SMITHSONIAN SEMINAR MARKS The seminar program on Monday fea­ NICOLAUS COPERNICUS WEEK tures remarks by A. Rupert Hall, profes­ great deal of land in the Territory of sor of history of science and technology, Guam-land that was used to build Imperial College, London. The designer, Navy and Air Force bases from which we HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI Charles Eames, will give a visual pres­ launched our successful attacks against OF NEW YORK entation on "The Age of Copernicus." the enemy in the closing days of the war, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Heiko Oberman, director of the Institute and land which many residents of Guam of Reformation Studies, University of contend the U.S. Department of the Navy Tuesday, April 17, 1973 Tubingen, will discuss "Reformation and took without adequately compensating Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, President Revolution." the owners. Nixon has signed into law House Joint On Monday evening the subject will be Although many years have passed since Resolution 5, which I sponsored and, "Copernicus as a Humanist," in charge of the original transactions took place, there accordingly, has issued a proclamation Jacob Bronowski, director of the Coun­ are compelling reasons that warrant making next week, the week of April 23, cil for Biology in Human Affairs, The the review of this situation to insure that "Nicolaus Copernicus Week!' Salk Institute. This will include excerPts justice is done. Accordingly I have intro­ Following is the text of the President's from "The Ascent of Man." duced a blll, H.R. 6825, which will pro­ proclamation: On Tuesday, the opening subject will vide these claimants with an avenue of NICOLAUS COPERNICUS WEEK be "Innovation in Technology," a case redress. My blll would authorize the Dis­ By the President of the United States of history approach presented in coopera­ trict Court of Guam, for a period of 1 America a Proclamation: tion with the National Academy of Engi­ year after enactment, to hear any claims Nineteen hundred seventy-three marks the neering. In charge will be Robert P. Mul­ which arose from land transactions in the 500th anniversary of the birth of Nicolaus thauf of the Smithsonian. This will be territory prior to 1950, when the Congress Copernicus (Mikolaj Kopernik). This bril­ followed by commentaries on education enacted the Guam Organic Act. At pres­ liant son of Poland distinguished himself as entitled "Space Age Children: The Dis­ ent, of course, statute of limitation pre­ an economist, physician, mathematician, covery and Nurture of Scientific Talent." cludes the court from reviewing these theologian, soldier, and statesman. But above an, it was his inspired work in astronomy For those who missed Mr. Bronowski's claims. and his theories about the place of the earth Last year, an identical measure was presentation the previous evening, he w111 1n the universe that marked him for great­ present an expanded version on Tuesday introduced by our esteemed former col­ ness and precipitated the flowering ot mod­ league, Congressman Wayne Aspinall, ern science. mortling. then chairman of the House Interior In a world of darkness, his only weapons On Tuesday afternoon Stephen Toul­ Committee. Hearings were subsequently were the light of learning and devotion to min, provost of Crown College, Univer­ held on that bill, H.R. 5440, by the Sub­ truth. The daring, imagination, reason, dis­ sity of California, Santa Cruz, will pre­ cipline, and versatility of Copernicus led side as the scientists consider "Condi­ committee on Territorial Affairs, chaired mankind to a brighter age. It is fitting that by my good friend and colleague, Rep­ we pay tribute to him on the anniversary of tions for the Rise and Fall of Science," resentative PHILLIP BURTON. his birth, and that we remind ourselves how in cooperation with Gerald Holton, pro­ Another measure addressing the same much a single man, dedicated and unafraid, fessor of physics and associate of the his- April 17, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12851 tory of Science Department. Harvard will conduct sessions Tuesday through WE CAN HARDLY WAIT University. Thursday at Saint John's Church Par­ TRADITION IN SCIENCE ish House, Lafayette Square, on "Science, HON. BOB WILSON A second presentation will consider Philosophy, and Religion in Historical Perspective." OF CALIFORNU "Tradition in Science" conducted by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Werner Heisenberg, director, Max­ INTERPLAY OF ARTS, SCIENCE Planck Institute for Physics and Astro­ 0. B. Hardison, Jr., of the Folger Tuesday, April 1'1, 1973 physics, from Munich. Shakespeare Library, will lead discus­ Mr. BOB wn.BON. Mr. Speaker, I in­ On Tuesday evening, a formal banquet sions Tuesday and Wednesday at the clude the following editorial from the will be held featuring presentation of the Library on "Interplay of Literature, Art, March 20 Wall Street Journal regarding Hodgkins Medal and two medals of the and Science." congressional budgetary responsibilities: Copernicus Society of America. The for­ Stephen E. Toulmin of the Smith­ WE CAN liARDLY wAIT mal address will be by Janusz Groszkow­ sonian Council, will lead discussions at The good news is that Senate Democrats ski, Polish Academy of Sciences, honor­ the National Collection of Fine Arts are going to compile their own federal budget ary chairman of the symposium. Tuesday and Wednesday on "The Public to counterpoise President Nixon's. The bad On Wednesday morning, the themes Reception of Science: Its Intellectual and news is that they plan to do all in two weeks. featured on Tuesday morning will be Institutional Modalities." By now practically everyone recognizes concluded. A National Academy oi En­ Special exhibitions are scheduled that Congress is at an immense disadvantage throughout the city in addition to the in the budget debate with the President gineering study panel will give a report because it has no way to view the total on incentives for productivity, related to Copernican disPlay, with its treasures budget. Each committee dispenses largess innovation in technology. The space age loaned by Poland, at the main Smith­ on its own turf, but no one watches what children program will include com­ sonian building. total spending comes to. But you have to mentaries on education. Mr. Speaker, it is only :fitting that the control total spending to have any etfect in In the afternoon, Owen Gingerich, focus oi scientific attention and honor controlling infiation. and at the moment professor of astronomy and of the history toward Copernicus should be centered controlling intJ.ation is a far more impor­ of science, Harvard University, will make here in our Nation's Capital. This is not tant domestic priority than almost anything the individual committees attend to. So the the introductory remarks. Maarten to detract, nor to minimize in any way, debate pits Congress armed with all its little Schmidt. professor of astronomy, Cali­ the many :fine programs and exhibits priorities against the President armed with fornia Institute of Technology, will which have been and will be held else­ priority number one. discuss "Quasars and the Universe." John where in the United States this year, in­ To overcome this }landicap, Congress has Archibald Wheeler, Joseph Henry, pro­ cluding my home city of Bufi'alo, N.Y. to come up with a budget no more infia­ tionary than the President's, but with fessor of physics at Princeton University, I want to pay special tribute to the will talk on "The Universe as Home for funds juggled from one program to an­ excellent planning etfort of Dr. Wilton other to suit congressional tastes. Seriously Man." S. Dillon, director of seminars for the working out such a program would neces­ Two special concerts are a. part of the Smithsonian, who has been coordinator sitate facing real issues of priority, and thus joint Smithsonian-National Academy of both for the formal seminar and for the would be the biggest single step we could Sciences program. think o:f toward restoring Congress' sense of On Sunday evening, a musicale of adjunct activities. responsibility and therefore reversing its chamber ensemble dimensions will fea­ As part of my remarks, I include the lamented loss of prestige. If it can find no ture a special work written in honor of following program notes issued in con­ way to gain budget oversight, Congress will Copernicus by Leo Smit, of State Uni­ nection with the Smithsonian-NAB in­ remain merely a collection of spokesmen for assorted vested interests. If it can gain versity oi New York at Bu1ralo. The nar­ ternational symposium next week: oversight, Congress would have to be taken ration will be by Sir Fred Hoyle, distin­ PROGRAM NOTES seriously in a debate on national priorities. guished British scientist and writer. As the major tribute of the United States Serious oversight, though, is going to re­ TWOCONa3TSP~ as part of the worldwide observance of the quire running the budget through the seri­ Accompaniment will be by the Gregg Copernican quincentenntal, the symposium ous power centers of Congress--Appropria­ developed by the National Academy of Sci­ tions, Ways & Means, Armed Services. That Smith Singers from New York City, plus ences and the Smithsonian Institution cele­ is, through men who understand the under­ an instrumental ensemble. The singers brates both the man and his contributions lying complexities that have already shaped also will present a special group of songs to knowledge and the larger theme of the the President's budget. So while we suppose in the Polish language. process of discovery itself. Although con­ any step in the right direction needs to be On Wednesday evening, the second siderations of space Will limit the numbers saluted, we have our doubts about the cur­ concert will feature musicians from the of persons who may attend many of the rent proposal for a counter-budget, which Boston Symphony Orchestra under the events of the f0rmal program, The Nature of is supposed to come from the Democratic direction of Leon Kirchner. They will Scientific Discovery is designed to provide a Policy Committee, a center not of respon­ corpus of educational materials for diverse sibility but of partisanship. present works of Webern, Messiaen, audiences after the event. The life of the With a. little help !rom the Brookings In­ Schoenberg, and Kirchner. Soloists will symposium will be extended through a pub­ stitution, any junior statf member can run be Diane Hoaglund and Peter Serkin. lished volume, audiotapes, videotapes, and through the presidential budget, lopping $5 On Thursday, April 26, an education :films, as well as workshops and seminars to billion of defense to add to the poverty war, day will be held as a follow-on to the improve the public understanding of science and running up tax reform savings to be seminar. This will include seminars, and the place of science in the arts and hu­ spread here and there. In fact, the Policy workshops, and film showings for schol­ manities. Special attention also will be given Committee staff may even be able to meet ars, teachers, students, and other spe­ to the implications of the symposium for the two-week deadline because so much of educational policies and teaching methods. the spadework for this sort of etrort was cially interested individuals exploring Anticipating Nicolaus Copernicus Year, a done during last year's presidential cam­ the educational implications of the student pilgrimage to Poland was made in paign. Copernican Revolution. It will be spon­ December 1972. Four young Americans study­ The Democratic candidate's advisers redid sored jointly by the Smithsonian and the ing the history and philosophy of science the whole Pentagon budget, you remember, U.S. National Commission of the United visited places in Poland where Copernicus proving that huge savings were at hand. It Nations Educational, Scientific, and CUl­ studied and worked. Travelling as guests of would have been more convincing if they tural Organization-UNESCO. the Smithsonian Institution, through finan­ hadn't overlooked the necessity of buying cial support of the Copernicus Society of gas to run the planes and ships. There was Other scientific programs honoring America, the students were escorted to also a highly detailed plan for tax reform, Copernicus also are planned next week Polish memorials to Copernicus and invited proving that it could raise enough money as adjuncts to the main symposium. to participate in national activities by rep­ to give $1,000 to everybody. Owen Gingerich of the Smithsonian's resentatives of the Polish government and That sort of "counter-budget" wouldn't Astrophysical Observatory, will have the University of Cracow. Participants were: be the huge step toward responsib111ty we sessions Monday through Wednesday at Bruce M. Dolego, junior at St. John's Col­ have had in mind, but we must concede that the Washington Hotel on "Science and lege; Cltlford Martin, graduate student at it would probably be quite helpful in clarify­ Society in the 16th Century." Pennsylvania State University; Katharine S. ing the debate over priorities. Counting our­ Park, graduate student at the Warburg In­ selves among those who think the President's Walter Shropshire, Jr., of the Smith­ stitute, London; and Gregory Perczak, senior priorities are about right, in fact, we can sonian Radiation Biology Laboratory, at the University of Notre Dame. hardly wait. 12852 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 17, 1973 RAILROAD DEMONSTRATION Second. Organized a Track Commit­ posal to roll back prices contained in PROJECTS tee outside the political bounds of the H.R. 6168 brought the greatest response city to carry out the program. from minois residents in the shortest Third. Solicited private donations in period of time of any bill that has been HON. DAVID TOWELL excess of $40,000 in funds and called on before Congress in many years. OJ' NEVADA various talents to plan and organize the Since H.R. 6168 was reported by the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES activities. Banking and CUrrency Committee Tuesday, April 17, 1973 Fourth. Engineered an acceptable plan shortly over a week ago, I have received of relocation in cooperation with Federal­ over 2,000 letters, telegrams, and phone Mr. TOWELL of Nevada. Mr. Speaker, State-local agencies and of the two class calls concerning the price-rollback pro· the House of Representatives this week one railroads. vision of the bill. Virtually all opposed will consider the Federal Highways Act Fifth. Interested national agencies in for 1973. It is with a great amount of this provision. pride that I point out to my colleagues their project and have included their I believe their opposition was well that the railroad track relocation dem­ support for improvements and refine­ founded, and I voted against H.R. 6168 onstration projects include Elko, Nev. ment. and several other amendments that This project, thanks to the people of Sixth. Outlined a program of events would have had similar effects. I am cer­ the city of Elko, is in the forefront na­ and publicity to insure continued in­ tain that virtually all illinois citizens­ tionally in planning and public partici­ terest, public relations and accomplish­ farmers, wage earners, small business­ pation for demonstration of the need for ments. men-were relieved when this ill-advised relocating railroad grade-crossings in Seventh. Developed draft agreements bill was rejected and a 1-year extension city areas. between agencies and the railroad's con­ of the Economic Stabilization Act was Elko is a typical Western rural town, sultants, citizen groups, planning depart­ approved in its place. self-sufficient, individual, and enterpris­ ments and redevelopment committees to Our Nation's agricultural sector has ing. Elko has the personality of a pio­ promote the successful and beneficial long known that a price rollback is an neer; willing to venture out and attempt outcome of the project. unsatisfactory and counterproductive things that others would hesitate to try, Eighth. Approached each unanswered means of combating economic problems. and yet willing to aid others and share question as a plus to be answered by the Farmers remember only too well what their accomplishments with all. demonstration project. This alone is an happened when prices were rolled back Elko is included in the Federal High­ unusual approach to problems that only a two decades ago during the Korean war. way Act as a demonstration city for the positive thinking group could develop. They remember that meat shortages de­ relocation of the railroad tracks of the Ninth. Held public informational meet­ veloped, black markets sprang up, and Southern Pacific Co. and the Western ings to bring the question to the people prices fell to bankrupting lows. The solu­ Pacific Railroad Co. from the heart of for their input and support. tion to the problem turned out to be as the downtown area. Tenth. Have initiated a planning pro­ dangerous as the problem itself. Elko recognizes that should it be des­ gram for community development inas­ At this time, a price rollback would ignated as a demonstration city, it must much as the proposed project continues have had an equally disastrous effect on be willing and able to demonstrate the when the downtown area is freed of the farmers and businessmen. Many would methods of accomplishment, not as a tracks that now sever its body. have been faced with tremendous eco­ liability, but as an asset to the Congress. Geographically, Elko is located on the nomic losses. In addition, most farmers Elko is therefore willing to stand on its important central East-West freight cor­ would have been forced to cut back pro­ record of accomplishments and will pro­ ridor connecting the industrial and agri­ duction, instead of increasing it as is ject its skills and ingenuities to the bene­ cultural Midwest with the consumer mar­ needed. Food supplies would have de­ fit of all other communities with like ket of California--an area recognized creased. Even higher prices for consum­ problems. With Elko in the 1973 High­ by the ICC Examiner as a corridor to be ers would have been unavoidable. way bill, the Congress will benefit with served by two of the surviving four rail­ By approving a simple extension of the the positive accomplishments this com­ road carriers in the West. It is evident Economic Stabilization Act, the Presi­ munity has made to date. that Nevada will some day be selected dent retains the authority to take what­ The facts are: Elko, Nev., population as one of the routes of the high-speed ever steps he deems necessary to sta­ 7,621 has a thriving business district freight corridors, and grade crossing bilize the economy without forcing him equal to cities three times its size; yet elimination projects shall be necessary in to rollback prices. the same thriving business district is be­ similar communities to achieve the rail· To be sure, many are rightfully con­ ginning to show signs of deterioration at­ road freeway of the future. cerned about the high cost of living and tributed to the 40 some trains running Elko is a community that has done understandably want something done daily through this district of 17 railroad its homework, and with its inclusion in about it. Their call for action should be crossings. Nearly 40 major accidents have the House version of the 1973 highway heard even as our better judgment com­ occurred at the crossings in the past 10 bill, is offering itself as an asset to the pels us to reject the illusory solution of years. overall safety program. Elko pledges its a price rollback. Elko has a relocation plan approved ingenuity, forward approach, enterpris­ It is true that everything is costing by the two class one railroads, and the ing ideas, initiative and demonstrated more, particularly food. But a price roll­ community leaders for the solution of accomplishments to the solution of an back would only treat a symptom and the problem. Elko, by its own efforts enormous problem to the traveling pub­ not the cause of the problem. gained the support of the railroads in­ lic-that is, the elimination of the high­ Certainly, the inflation problem is dif­ volved, the State Highway Department, way rail crossings. ficult to solve. Much of the blame for not the Federal Highway Administration, This will be a positive step to safety solving it rests in the way Congress ap­ and the Federal Railroad Administration accomplishment in rural America. propriates money. By continuing to spend of the Department of Transportation, the I strongly encourage the Members of more than we take in, we pour fuel on Association of American Railroads, the the House of Representatives to support the flames of inflation. State of Nevada Planning Board, the this Highway bill and with it this very Recently, Congress has taken several County and Regional Planning Commis­ necessary public project. steps which encourage me to hope that sions, civic and community organizations Government spending may be brought and the attention and best wishes of the under control. Several Presidential ve­ Regional Transportation Safety Board toes of big spending bills have been sup­ and t.he National Safety Council. PRICE ROLLBACK NOT THE ported by the House and Senate. And, Elko has begun a methodical outline ANSWER we will soon consider a change in the of accomplishments and has progressed rules of Congress that will require the so rapidly that individuals and agencies adoption of a budget for the Government with unanswered questions are turning to HON. PAUL FINDLEY before we begin appropriating money. their Track Committee and asking, OF ILLINOIS This is a step I have long urged. If to "What is next?" IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Congress can curb its tendency To date they have: overspend, it will :nake the greatest con­ First. Promoted a theme and desire Tuesday, April 17, 1973 tribution to arriving at a wage and price for a community project of safety. Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, the pro- level that is satisfactory to the farmer, April 17, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12853 the consumer, the wage earner and the students raise their own tropical fish at makes him the leading actor; not a spectator businessman. A price rollback is not the school. Jack's students not only learn a.nd mere witness. answer. But, curtailing Government ex­ mathematics, but they learn practical Unfortunately, some conservatives also penditures is. application by using a jig-saw they have have a double standard. These conserva­ purchased with Jack's encouragement. tives today support executive authority And what sixth-grade class other than rather than congressional supremacy Jack's is learning about birth and re­ TEACHER OF THE YEAR simply because the Executive is pursuing production by growing several sheep in a a policy with which they agree. In nei­ pen in the schoolyard? ther case is the real issue of the proper HON. AL ULLMAN What more can we ask of a teacher role of the Congress in matters of for­ than that he inspire in his pupils a life­ eign policy being brought into question OF OREGON long desire to learn? And what better as it should. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES preparation for life can we ask of our To further illus-tr.ate the manner in Tuesday, April 17, 1973 young than that they carry this desire which liberals who now question execu­ with them always? I think Jack Ens­ Mr. ULLMAN. Mr. Speaker, I would tive authority in this field have turned worth, whose imaginative approach can their backs upon their own philosophical like to take this occasion to pay a spe­ turn the most abstract idea into a sim­ cial tribute to an extremely dedicated concepts in this area, I wish to share ple, concrete problem, has given us ev­ with my colleagues a collection of state­ and competent man, Mr. Jack Ensworth erything we seek in a teacher-and more. of Bend, Oreg. Mr. Ensworth has been ments made by distinguished American His students, his community, and the en­ liberals over the years concerning the selected as the 1973 National Teacher of tire country are all the recipients of his the Year. merits of executive power. These quotes gifts. appeared in the March 30, 1973, issue Bend is a beautiful town tucked under I would like to salute Jack Ensworth, the leeward side of the Cascade Moun­ of National Review, and I insert them his wife Chrissie, and his family. And I into the REcoRD at this time: tains in central Oregon. It is in my con­ am pleased that we can at least give him, gressional district, and I am very proud WE KNEW THEM WHEN in return for his gifts to us, recognition "America needs strong government; it that a teacher from my constituency as the outstanding teacher in the should be chosen for national honors and needs strong leadership to attain strong gov­ Nation. ernment; only the President, granted its recognition. But I think the entire Na­ characteristics, can provide it with the tion can and should be proud of Jack, leadership it requires. . . . The President of Ensworth, whose skill, dedication, and THE EXECUTIVE AND FOREIGN the United States must be given the power excellence as a teacher and a citizen POLICY: THE LIBERAL DOUBLE commensurate to the function he has to per­ would be welcome anywhere in the coun­ STANDARD form. . . . Great power alone makes great try. leadership possible; it provides the unique One of three sons of deaf-mute par­ chance of restoring America to its people." HON. PHILIP M. CRANE (Harold Laski, 1940.) ents, Jack was raised in Akron, Ohio. In­ "Only the President, because he is the spired by how his parents had dealt with OF ILLINOIS Chief Executive, is in a position to know all their problem and by one of his own IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the facts. Only the President and his advisers teachers, Jack overcame a serious child­ Tuesday, April 17, 1973 are in a. position to weigh all the facts. There­ hood accident and disease. Drafted out fore, the President alone can lead the coun­ of high school, he earned his diploma in Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, in the dis­ try." (Walter Lippmann, 1941.) the Army while becoming a combat dem­ cussion concerning Executive authority "It is clear that the power of the President olition expert in World War II combat. in the field of foreign affairs it is legiti­ has grown in response to popular demand. Following the war, Jack returned to mate to ask whether legislators who now Presidents have aggrandized power not be­ seek a greater participation in determin­ cause they were ambitious but because power Akron and pushed himself through col­ had to be exercised and the President was lege in 3 years. He was eager then to learn ing when and under what circumstances the natural and effective instrument for its and to begin teaching, and his eagerness Americans are to go to war, are really exercise. . . . Without exception, periods of remains today. He returned to college at concerned with restoring the preeminent democratic advance have coincided with pe­ the University of Oregon some years role of the Congress, or are simply op­ riods of executive power.... No strong later, and now holds a master's degree. posed to the things the Executive is do­ Executive has yet impaired the fundamentals There has been considerable experi­ ing. Do they want to reassert congres­ of our constitutional system or of our democ­ sional authority to declare war, or do racy. American liberties, American democ­ mentation and excitement in education racy, what we call the American way of life, circles the last few years about new they simply oppose this particular war? have not only survived the growth of presi­ teaching methods, about teaching teach­ What is ironical today is that the very dential power but have, in the past, flourished ers to open up, about making education men in the Congress, in the press, and in under it. Is there any reason to believe that into communication. These things are the academic community who now de­ democracy cannot survive the present crisis?" not new to Jack Ensworth, however. For clare that President Nixon has exceeded (Henry Steele Commager, 1941.) him, communication has always been a his authority with regard to the war "If we are going to guard against hypo­ two-way process. Perhaps it is a result powers are the same men who, in the thetical dangers, against constitutional 1950's opposed the conservative-spon­ powers that are subject to abuse, why bother of his growing up in a family where he with anything as carefully circumscribed as had to know two languages: the spoken sored Bricker amendment to restore con­ the treaty-making power? Why not start with language and the sign language of the gressional prerogatives in matters of for­ the powers of Congress itself? . . . In fact deaf-mute. Whatever the reason, educa­ eign policy. the Executive never has made a treaty that tion in Jack's classrooms at Kenwood Men such as the junior Senator from has been held to conflict with the Constit u­ Elementary School is a two-way process Arkansas, Mr. FULBRIGHT, now leading tion. This, it is relevant to observe, is a where students spend as much time ask­ the campaign against Executive author­ much better record than Congress can ity, all through the 1950's and early show.... The executive agreement has ing Jack questions as he can take to an­ been a useful and even necessary device swear them. In Jack's own words: 1960's, urged more power for the Execu­ from almost the beginning of our history. ·• Education is not a one way exchange of tive in foreign affairs. The reason is sim­ (Henry Steele Commager, 1953.) ideas; therefore, as a teacher, I must be a ple: When the Executive did what liberals "Our enemy is not the President of the sounding board to each child's ideas, inter­ agreed with, they supported Executive United States, whether the incumbent, his ests, and problems, no mat ter how minor power. Now that the Executive is acting successor to come, or his predecessors. . . . they may seem to me as an adult. in a manner with which they disagree, The Constitution charges the President with It is this approach to learning-as they oppose it. Principle seems not to be the duty of conducting our foreign relations an issue at all. · by and with the advice of the Senate. It opposed to what so many of us consider makes him the leading actor; not a spectator "teaching"-that makes Jack such a In 1954, Senator FULBRIGHT declared a.nd a mere witness." (Senator J. William _competent, inspiring teacher. Perhaps that- . Fulbright, 1954.) just as important is his thinking that Our enemy is not the President of the "No American can contemplate the Presi­ -education bound solely to a classroom United States, whether the incumbent, his dency today without a feeling of solemnity 1s woefully incomplete. Jack's students successor to come, or his predecessors. . .. and humility... . Perhaps the most reward­ The Constitution charges the President with ing way to grasp the significance of this great are welcome to come fishing in the pond the duty of conducting our foreign relations office is to consider it as a focus of democratic behind his home. To study genetics, the by and with the advice of the Senate. It leadership .... The President is the American 12854 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 17, 1973 people's one authentic trumpet.... The re­ getic participation in governmental processes internal memoranda of advice, Fitzgerald's lentless progress of this continental Republic at the grassroots level. case would have been incomplete and the Air has made the Presidency the one truly na­ These young people represent an excellent Force would have successfully hidden its tional political institution. . . . The more example not only for others of their own deceptions. Congress becomes, in Burke's phrase, 'a con­ generation but for their elders as well. Recent history shows that this devious fused and scu:fH.ing bustle of local agency: Without resorting to rioting, unruly d~m­ doctrine has rarely been used for anything the more the Presidency must become a cleal" onstrations or uncouth actions, they have but a. cover-up for scandalous military bun­ beacon of national purpose.... It is, finally, recognized and accepted the signiftcant n .a.­ gling, foreign aid corruption, confiicts of an office of freedom. The Presidency is a ture of their responsibilities as citizens o1 interest and infiuence peddling. Examples standing reproach to those petty doctrinaires free nation. include the Dixon-Yates "confiict of inter­ who insist that executive power is inherently In so doing they have strengthened not est," the Adams-Goldfine affair, frauds in undemocratic..•. It is no less a. reproach to only their own political party but the entire Laos foreign aid. the Billy Sol Estes cotton those easy generalizers who think that Lord nation. allotment frauds, the TFX warplane mis­ Acton had the very last word on the corrupt­ We hope more and more people will be management and "conflicts o! interest," and ing effects of power.••. The vast power of caught up in the contagious enthusiasm the White HouBe investigation o! the Water­ this office has not been 'poison,' as Henry which they exhibit and adherents of both gate scandaL Adams wrote in scorn; rather, it has elevated major parties will see the value o1 their ap­ Arrogant executive branch officials have often and corrupted never:• (Clinton Rossi­ proach to the task oi being true Americans. even used it to bar General Accounting Office ter, 1956.) auditors from financial records in violation .. The President is hobbled 1n his task of of the Budgeting and Accounting Act ot 1921 leading the American people to consensus and that .specifically requires that "all records" concerted action by the restrictions of power EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE be made available to the office upon request. imposed upon him by a constitutional sys­ Various Attorneys General. politically ap­ tem designed for an eighteenth-century pointed, have ruled that executive privilege agrarian society far removed from the centers gave the executive branch the right to im­ of world power. It 1s Imperative that we break HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON pose this arbitrary secrecy. It was the king's out of the intellectual confines of cherished 0.1' MASSACHUSETTS lawyer stating the king was right in assert­ and traditional beliefs.... {The President] IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing this total power to withhold evidence alone among elected officials can rise above from Congress and the General Accounting parochJ.allsm and private pressures.'' (Sena­ Tuesday, April 17, 1973 Office. tor J. W1lliam Fulbright, 1961.) It has been conceded that no law of Con­ "Presidential government, far from being Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, gress has granted this so-called executive a threat to American democracy, has become executive privilege is one of the key mat­ privilege and no Supreme Court decision has the major single institution sustaining it-­ ters facing the Congress and the Na­ been cited for this assertion that the Presi­ a bulwark of individual liberty, and agency tion. Mr. Kleindienst has claimed, on dent has a. constitutional right to bar testi­ of popular representation, and a magnet for behalf of the President, privileges of mony from any high-level or low-level offi­ political talent and leadership.•.• In presi­ executive branch employees reaching far elal ot any executive agency when he believes dential government Americans have estab­ beyond any rational protection of the it to be in the national interest. Further, we lished one of the most powerful political in­ confidential relationship between a are told that the executive privilege claims stitutions in the free world. They have fash­ cover any internal working paper in ~he ioned. sometimes unwittingly, a weapon that President and his aides. Mr. Kleindienst, executive branch and that any advisory has served them well in the long struggle for in short, is asking for a new form of gov­ opinion can be withheld from Congress, the freedom and equality at home and in the ernment--Presidential government. This General Accounting Office or the public with­ search for stable and democratic politics is outrageous. out explanation except that the President abroad." (James MacGregor Burns, 1965.) Clark Mollenhoff is a distinguished believes it to be in the national interest. journalist who has served in the Nixon The only authority cited for this seed of administration. His job at the White totalitarianism is a claim of some all-encom­ him a passing "inherent right" under "the separa­ House gave familiarity with the tion of powers" doctrine of the Constitution. MISSOURI STUDENTS WORKING internal workings of the White House. WITHIN THE SYSTEM Senator Sam Ervin. a recognized authority He has written an article which appeared on the Constitution, has declared that "ex­ in the New York Times of April 13, on ecutive privilege 1s executive poppycock.'' He the overall subject of executive privilege. has castigated President Nixon's effort to bar HON. GENE TAYLOR I find it interesting that a man so inti­ all present and .former White House aides OF MISSOVRI mately familiar with the Presidential from appearing on the Watergate investiga­ tion as an attempt to rob Congress of a. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES staff can reach by way of rational argu­ rightful power to investigate to determine Tuesday, April 17, 1973 ment conclusions diametrically opposed 1! the laws passed by Congress are being to the propositions of the administration. properly administered and enforced. Mr. TAYLOR of Missouri Mr. Speak­ I would like to insert Mr. Mollenhoff's Raoul Berger, a. senior fellow at Harvard er, recently the Young Republican Club enlightening article in the REcoRD at this Law School who has done extensive research at Missouri Southern State College, Jop­ on the history of the so-called precedents, lin, Mo., was presented the outstanding time for the consideration of aJl Mem­ has declared that executive privilege is a. College Republican Club award for the bers: myth and not the "time-honored doctrine" State of Missouri. {From the New York Times, Apr. 13, 1973) that William P. Rogers claimed it to be when EXECUTIVE P!uviLEGE-DEV:roUs DOCTJUNE he became its leading proponent as Attorney I believe this accomplishment should General in the Eisenhower Administration. be acclaimed because of the importance (By Clark R. Mollenho1f} Seldom has it been used as anything but and necessity for encouraging students WASHINGTON.-The Fitzgerald case dem­ a blatant cover-up for corruption, misman­ to work and contribute within our politi­ onstrates the extreme evil that executiv~ agement and political double-dealing. The cal system. Our responsible students privilege can be in hiding relevant facts doctrine 1s devoid of decency because it usually attract little public recognition .from the public in an Air Force conspiracy creates the illusion that officials may use the to destroy a truthful witness. great power of the White House 1n secret for their efforts and for this reason I An Air Force cost analyst, A. Ernest Fitz­ and never be held accountable for their acts. was delighted to see an editorial in the gerald was discharged after he displeased his The Watergate scandal Is simply the latest Carthage Press, Carthage, Mo., on superior by testifying on the billion-dollar manifestation of the corrupting infiuence of March 27 which recognized the achieve­ cost overruns on the C-5A program. Editorial the ill-founded illusion of total power to ment of the Missouri Southern State pages were nearly unanimous in castigating corrupt the political processes and get by the abolition of Fitzgerald's $30,000-a.-yea.r with It. The Watergate scandal and the Fitz­ College Republicans. This editorial fol­ job, and declared the economy reasons given gerald case provide sufficient examples for lows; were but a. subterfuge for malicious retalia­ the public and the Congress to comprehend WINNING EFFORT tion. the mischief that can be created behind a Congratulations to the officers and mem· The Air Force denied it, and imposed a i.a.cade of pious slogans about "a. sacred sepa­ bers of the Young Republicans Club of Mis­ secrecy on its records, proceedings and con­ ration of powers." souri Southern State College on their amaz­ versations with the White House. The "privi­ Where secrecy is needed to cover sensitive ing record of accomplishlnent. lege" buried evidence of a. devious smear negotiations or raw F.B.I. files, an articulate of Fitzgerald as well as other evidence that As reported earlier in The Press, the MSSC President need only appeal to the common students headed by President Steve Holt of the Air Force plotted to harass and intim­ 1;ense and decency of the electorate on the Carthage, beat out 27 .similar organlza.tions, idate a. truthful witness. many of them on large and more populous Disregarding Air Force efforts to impose specific issue involved. and not engage in public relations gimmickry give further campuses. to win a. state award as outstand­ executive privilege, White House memoranda. to ing club of the year. were m.a.de available to Fitzgerald to estab­ support to a doctrine that could destroy all The accomplishment was gained via ener- lish key aspects of his case. Without those of our freedGms. April 17, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12855 SPACE SHUTrLE SYSTEM asked to provide airline-type accessibUity I am not against this industry or the working WASTEFUL to space for a handful of scientists and their men and women who make it run, but there cargo at low operational costs. In 1970 the is no reason why it cannot be converted to Rand Corporation conducted a study and at such activities as pre-fab or modular housing the time it appeared that the money for the construction. HON. BELLA S. ABZUG manned orbiting space station would not The decision reached by Congress as to OF NEW YORK come through. After both of these facts be­ the wisdom and practicality of this proposal came apparent NASA stated that the shuttle will determine not only its future, but also IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES will be used for "versatile and efficient oper­ the future of American space exploration. Tuesday, April 17, 1973 ations" and further, that the manned space The implications involved in establishing an shuttle system is viewed as an end in itself. extensive manned shuttle system would Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, during the One of the versatile and efficient opera­ point to a firm commitment to an enlarged recent debate on the manned space shut­ tions would be that of satellite repair. It is space program of massive proportions, based tle system I had the privilege of present­ now a popular idea to have technicians shot upon the same expensive methods employed ing testimony to the Senate Aeronautical into space for the sole purpose of repairing a by NASA in the Apollo program. These meth­ and Space Sciences Committee, Subcom­ single satellite. A leading scientist, Jeremy ods would further deplete our limited finan­ mittee on Manned Space Flights. I would Stone, states that if a satellite does malfunc­ cial and natural resources. We must question like to insert that testimony in the REc­ tion, it is cheaper to build and launch a the rationale of the more expensive and in­ new one than to risk sending a human being efficient manned system of space exploration oRD: into space to repair the malfunctioning one. as opposed to the cheaper, more economical TESTIMONY OF CONGRESSWOMAN BELLA S. In 1969 there were 37 space launchings and safer unmanned approach. NASA should .ABZUG BEFORE COMMITTEE ON SciENCE AND that carried a payload of 381,000 pounds into adopt an unmanned instrumented system AsTRONAUTICS, SUBCOMMITTEE ON MANNED space. NASA presently predicts 2.6 million even though it may diminish their public SPACE FLIGHTs-APRIL 1973 pounds of payload per year starting in 1978. image a little, for it would drastically reduce Mr. Chairman, members of the committee, This increase in the pound payload per year their present exorbitant budget. I appreciate the opportunity to discuss cannot be accounted for by satellite repair. I oppose the space shuttle as it is proposed NASA's proposal for the development of what It is very possible that this shuttle sys­ today. Let me say, however, that I am not I believe to be an extravagant and unneces­ tem could be used as a primary means of "anti-space" or "anti-technology." I believe sary manned space shuttle system. moving military equipment into space. The that in the long run, the development of Man's technological achievements during mill ta.ry budget already takes an astronomi­ space may be our only feasible solution for the past decade have been stupendous. We re­ cal bite out of the national budget. The mili­ our global problems. I do favor the use of cently climaxed all our efforts by sending tary has already overtaken and used our air lightweight, unmanned, instrumented sys­ men to the moon to walk on its surface and for its own private use. tems which can produce the same results as to collect lunar rocks. Our space frontier may soon be cluttered our manned program at a fraction of the The original purpose of this program was with American armaments and serve as yet cost. the pursuit of scientific knowledge. The pres­ another place to confront our so-called ene­ When we begin to use our science and ent space program has strayed very far from mies. The conquest of the air was seen as a technology to begin to wipe out disease, feed this objective. Instead, our recent endeavors scientific accomplishment, but it has quickly our hungry, educate our illiterate, provide seem to be aimed at increasing our "national become a military playground. better shelter for our needy, and improve our image" and enhancing our world prestige. Is this a Defense Department expenditure environment, then science is worthy of The rationale behind the idea. that the first that is being disguised as a civilian project? mind-boggling budgets. Accordingly, I urge steps on the moon had to be those created If it is, as it seems to be, the Department that you terminate any authorization for de­ by Americans worries me. We have little hesi­ of Defense should share in the cost of de­ velopment of a manned space shuttle system tation in spending billions of dollars for velopment of the system. I do not think that a.t this time. American footsteps, but when it comes to the Federal Government should deceive its Thank you for your time and your atten­ spending mere millions to employ, feed, citizens as it is presently doing. Civilian tion. clothe, and house our own citizens, a hue money can be better spent, a.t this critical and cry is heard. time, on trying to help our rat-infested, drug­ TESTIMONY BEFORE POSTAL Now that NASA's Apollo project has been plagued ghettos, or our sewage filled water­ SERVICE SUBCOMMI'ITEE completed, they need another glamorous ways than on the long-range possibilities of playtoy-the manned space shuttle. This space exploration. project, NASA says, will cost "only $8 billion There is a real choice for Congress to HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG to produce"-$5% billion for the research make-a decision whether to spend $1.6 bil­ and development of the first two shuttle­ lion on the development of a single space­ OF FLORIDA craft and another $1.5 billion for the re­ craft or to turn our attention to beginning IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES maining three shuttlecraft, not to mention to cure our ever-increasing domestic ills. At Tuesday, April 17, 1973 an additional $1 billion for unforeseen diffi­ the present time our scarce resources do not culties. allow us to think of the possibility of in­ Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, I NASA has offered the figure of $8 billion stituting both programs. would like to submit for my colleagues' as the total cost of the project, but on close My opposition to the manned space shuttle examination, this figure is misleading. The attention this copy of my testimony be­ system does not exist in a vacuum; rather, it fore the House Post Office and Civil Serv­ space agency states that over a ten-year op­ centers around the need to redefine our na­ erations period this figure will increase to tional priorities. Should NASA be allowed to ice's Subcommittee on Postal Service on somewhere between $10 and $14 billion. An­ continue the drain on our limited national the performance of the U.S. Postal Serv­ other interesting figure mentioned in pass­ resources by shooting billions of dollars worth ice in Florida and in support of my bill ing is that the shuttle's payload might add of hardware into space while other more H.R. 4156, a bill to provide for annual $20-28 billion to the shuttle's total cost, or pressing domestic needs go begging? I think authorizations for appropriations to the in other words more than triple it! The Rand not. From which project will American citi­ U.S. Postal Service: report conducted in 1970 for the USAF says zens derive more concrete benefit--the de­ that these estimates are conservative. TESTIMONY OF THE HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG velopment of five space shuttlecra.ft, or mod­ OF FLORIDA, BEFORE THE HOUSE POST OFFICE The Rand report lists two conclusions to ern shuttle systems in the major cities of substantiate its findings: ( 1) the system re­ AND CIVIL SERVICE'S SUBCOMMITTEE ON the United States that would be able to trans­ POSTAL SERVICE, APRn. 11, 1973 quires heavy payload amounts and (2) fre­ port millions of working Americans to and quent use of the system. These two factors from work cheaply, efficiently, and with a Mr. Chairman, I appreciate this oppor­ make the initial costs very high and only minimum of further air pollution? Another tunity to advise the Subcommittee on Postal after $141 billion has been spent will the alternative use of this money would be to Service of the inadequacy of mail service in manned space program become cheaper than build low-income housing or massive new Pinellas County, Florida, and I commend you the nonreusable rocket system used today. medical facilities for our needy. for taking time to study this need to reform The development of this shuttle requires a The Skyla.b experiment--a. program de­ the U.S. Postal Service. civilian space budget of $7 billion for one signed to explore man's capability for living Over the past several months, each of us year, more than twice the annual space has been hearing of poor mail service. At budget now. and working in space-is just beginning. How can we think of appropriating billions first, some of the delays could have been at­ Whenever we decide to spend a minimum tributed only to the heavy volume of Christ­ of $8 billion I think there must be some of dollars for a massive shuttle system whose mas mail. However, as complaints continue probing questions asked about the worth of feasibility has not yet been established? The to pour into our offices, it becomes obvious such a program. At the outset of the program, aerospace industry has had a recent slump that the problems are rooted not in the NASA's statement said that this reusable because of the "termination" of the war in Christmas season, but rather in the failures manned space shuttlecJ"a.ft was being devel­ Vietnam. Now that it does not have fat gov­ of the U.S. Postal Service and the Postal Re­ oped to reduce transportation costs between ernment contracts from defense work, federal organization Act of 1970. earth and outer space. When the idea was subsidies are required to keep it a.fioat. The When I brought to the attention of the first presented, there was the implication program would create jobs for 50,000 or more U.S. Postal Service some of the difficulties that this would be the first step towards a people and would thus ease President Nixon's experienced by residents of Florida, and manned orbiting space station. We are being embarrassment over unemployment figures. Pinellas County, in particular, I was pleased 12856 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS AJYril 17, 1973 by its willingness to begin • studr of its oP­ direction; and coupled to other proposals Moreover, I plan as a career to try to find erations in Florida. As a result, steps have presented to the committee, w111 ald the ways of solving environmental problems been taken to improve service-the hiring of U.S. Postal Service in its attempt to pro­ through public understanding and response new employees and the elimination of man vide better mail deliveey. combined with corresponding legislation and backlogs, for example; this has helped the We au will look. forward to your final re­ law enforcement. local postal situation, but I am stlll receiving port, and I am hopeful that the committee I have become increasingly convinced that complaints. Now, I realize that service that will recommend, and that this Congress will environmental education is the key to deal­ has been deteriorating over the last several enact, those changes in the Postal Reorga­ ing with these problems. I hope to present years cannot be impl'Oved. in three months. nization Act or 1970 which will, once again, evidence that supports my opinion from the I have advised my constituents of this, and enable the U.S. Postal Service to provide mall best source that I have--my personal experi­ I know they will be reasonable. Yet, even a service that is reliable, em.cient, and eco­ ences that have been infiuenced by many patient man has a right to receive an answer nomical. kinds of environmental education programs. to his questions of ..what is wrong?" and Not only have environmental education proj­ "why ls my service being curtailed?" and ects affected my attitudes and actions. but answers to these questions are what I hope ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION they have reached hundreds of other students your hearings wlll provide. and Adults that I have had the opportunity When the Postal Reorganization Act of to work with. 1970 was passed, claims were made that if HON. PETER A. PEYSER B. By describing just a few of the past and reorganization would be authorized that OF NEW TOBX potential accomplishments that relate to thls service would improve and that the post IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bill, I hope to convince you that renewing omce would soon be self-sufficient. However, the Environmental Education Act will enable we have seen little to substantiate this Tuesday, April 17, 1973 significant, long lasting environmental im­ argument. Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, Ms. Nancy provements brought about by a diversity o! Instead, -posta'l. managers have become Stockholm, a student at Cornell Univer­ citizens and organizations in the United more aloof of the public and the Congress. States. Postal employees, who used to pride them­ sity, and a recipient of the first Presi­ n. The critical need for environmental selves with their devotion to work and their dent's Environmental Merit award, made education has been established in verba.l and service to the public are now disenchanted an excellent statement duTing today's written statements by the President, the by their job ·and their morale is at a low hearings of my Select Subcommittee on Council on Environmental Quality, members ebb. In the meantime, the public must put Education. The committee is presently of Congress, and professional and citizen or­ ganizations~ up with cutbacks in service, increasing costs, conducting hearings on H.R~ 3927 to ex­ and unnecessary delays and inconveniences. A. In his 1972 Environmental Message to There is little need for me to take the tend the Environmental Education Act Congress, President Nixon stated, .. The start­ time of this committee to cite specific exam­ for 3 more years. I would like this state­ ing point of environmental quality is in the ples of poor service. We all have become fa­ ment to appear at this point in the REc­ hearts and minds of the people. Unless the miliar with them: mail taking weeks for de­ ORD so that all of the Members of the people have a deep commitment to new livery or being lost, even when it has been House will have an opportunity to Tead values ancl a clear understanding of new properly addressed and "zip-coded;" no con­ problems, all our laws and programs and it: spending will avail little." venient pick-ups at mall collection boxes; in­ TESTDIONY ON H.R. 3927 vitations received after the date of the affair; The President added in his introduction to payments being lost or delayed, forcing the (By Ms. Nancy Stockholm) the third annual report of the Council on customer to pay a finance charge or a pen­ Mr. Chairman and distinguished members Environmental Quality, .. There is ample room alty fee; fear that favorite magazines will or Congress: I appreciate this opportunity to for encouragement ln the growing capacity of be forced to stop publication because of a people to assess their problems, take stock express my views on H.R. 3927, the Environ­ of their .situation and get on with the un- exorbitant price increases in postage rates. mental Education Act, based on my personal I am sure that such examples existed prior 1lnJshed business of .shaping the United background and experiences. States as a model of a satisfying and health­ to the U.S. Postal Service. But, when the Currently a freshman at Cornell Univer­ Postmaster-General can cite figures claiming ful environment." sity, I was accepted early decision to study B. Success of programs, no matter how that mall delivery standards are being met, environmental science with strong emphasis that service is better and that the average benefi.cial, depends on support by Americans in political science and public relations. I of all ages And ba.ekgrounds who are .. good time for delivery has decreased, then, in fair­ graduated on the four year honor roll from ness to Floridians, I must question the base citizens" in the true sense. These citizens Oak Park and River Forest High School in must be able to view environmental con­ that is used in these calculations. From nunois, where I was active in enmonmental reading the Congressional Record and dis­ cerns not from an emotional or slanted view­ projects. point, but from one that is serious due to an cussing the situation with my colleagues, In Aprll of 1972 I was one of eight students understanding of man's technology, atti­ I do not feel that congressmen from Florida in the country to receive the first Presi­ tudes, arul capabilities for environmental are the only ones who have been deluged dent's Environmental Merit Award for work damage. with complaints, and therefore, I believe that in school-community environmental pro­ I have seen environmental education pro­ the disparity between the statistics of the grams. As a winner, I came to Washington, grams develop this type .of awareness, with u.s. Postal Service and actual service per­ D.C. to receive the award at the White House, the result that people take constructive ac­ formance 1s greater. and to tour the Environmental Protection tion, based on understanding. For these reasons, it is proper for this sub­ Agency here. I was one of hundreds of high school stu­ committee to investigate the U.S. Postal I During high school was co-chairman of a dents to attend t~o week-long conservation Service and for your consideration, I have 1970 Teach-In that involved over 4000 stu­ workshops at Southern Illlnois University in introduced H.R. 4156, a bill to provide tor dents and faculty in a week long environ­ 1969 a.nd 1970. These intensive programs, annual authorizations for appropriations to mental workshop. After the workshop, I was presented by experts in environmental fields the U.S. Postal Service. This b111 further pro­ student chairman of the Pollution Control from the university, educated students to vides that the U.S. Postal Service wlll keep Center, first of its kind in nunols a.s a cen­ specific pollution problems. More Important­ the Congress and the Post Office Committees ter within the high school to coordinate a ly, they provided students who were con­ of the House and Senate advised of its ac­ variety of environmental projects. cerned with information on how to set up tivities and operations. I was a staff member of our school paper programs to solve these problems when they This legislation should be passed. in my for four years, and in 1972 the Chicago Trib• returned to their own communities. Stu­ opinion, because of the uniqueness of the une published an editorial that I wrote dents received scholarships to attend from u.S. Postal Service. It is the only dally con­ on an environmental b1llin its editorial page. local sportsmen's clubs, garden clubs, or tact the people of the United States have page. other civic groups or schools. With its lim­ with their federal government. As Members In 1971-72, I served as the youngest ap­ ited :funds, the program did not run through­ of Congress, we are the link between the peo­ pointment to the llllnois Superintendent of out the year, but every session produced ple and their government. The U.S. Postal Public Instruction twenty-five member Task about one hundred students who multiplied Service has an obllgatlon to the people and Force to develop a master plan for environ­ their knowledge and concern by beginning the government to provide mall service. We, mental education. projects in their home towns. » representatives of the people, have the re­ In March of 1972 I testified before the Sec­ For example, a. classma.te and I returned to sponsibility to see that the u.s. Postal Serv­ retary of State's Advisory Committee to plan a week long 1970 Conservation Work­ the 1972 Conference on the Human Environ­ shop a.t Oak Pa;rk-B.i.ve-r Fo-rest High School iee carries out its duties. Thus, the U.S. ment In Stockholm, during hearings of the Postal Service should not attempt to tm­ in observance of the first Ea.rth Day. This subcommittee on the Social, Cultural. and workshop brought together conservationists, munize itself from the Congress, nor should Educational aspects of the United Nations it attempt to ignore the Congress. scientists, educators, and industry represent­ conference. atives in order to eduea.te the students, fac­ In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, I believe L Introduction that the U.S. Postal Service ha11 realized lts A. Although I am not an expert in politics ulty. and other cttizens of the community. initial mistakes in this regard, and that it is or environmental science, I am a student who After a small steering committee of students now genuinely working to improve service. ha.s spent over five years involved directly convinced. the administrators to reschedule But, a change in the basic structure 1s still with environmental projects ranging i:rom classes for the entire week, the students needed. My bill, H.R. 4166, 1s a 11tep \n this community to international levels. themselves selected and contacted all speak- April 17, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12857 ers who spoke to over 4000 listeners during attending learned about environmental edu­ to governing boards or establish ordinances. the program. Attorney Joseph Karaganis, cation and projects at other schools, how In Oak Park, the Environmental Advisory special assistant to Attorney General Scott to organize similar programs that would be Commission cooperated with local food stores of Illinois, talked to history classes about locally significant, and where to go for in­ in order to label detergents designed to cut environmental legislation, Mr. Gunnar Pet­ structional materials and help from other down water pollution and to eliminate ex­ erson, director of the non-profit conserv'a.­ schools, citizen groups, and government cess packaging. The committee helps to se­ tion group called The Open Lands Project, agencies. They also gained practical knowl­ lect the scholarship recipient for funds col­ lectured to English classes about ecological edge of water testing using the Tilden Guides lected as part of the community wide recy­ concepts and personal lifestyles, and repre­ developed by the Cleveland Institute for En­ cling program. This high school student can sentatives from Commonwealth Edison and vironmental Education with help from the use the money to continue his or her edu­ Universal Oil gave presentations to science Environmental Protection Agency and the cation in an environmental field. classes regarding industrial pollution. Lec­ Office of Environmental Education, and other In Franklin Park, a more industrialized tures were only part of this program which instructional aides. area, their Environmental Control Commis­ utilized the talents of students and faculty The follow-up activities of the conference sion works with the local zoning board to through environmental articles in the school are numerous. The schools have organized a preserve green belts, has planted vegetation and local papers, posters and displays, edu­ newsletter to keep informed of projects, and along a. river to help to control erosion, and cational films and printed matter, and ac­ a monitoring network of a river that runs has designed a model sewage ordinance for tivies like acquiring an air pollution monitor from Wisconsin into Illinois. Special student the village. During the first eight months, for the roof or planting trees on school research groups have researched discharges the local citizens group that supported the property. in local rivers and obtained convictions of establishment of the commission had about But this was only the beginning, because illegal water pollution through the local $2.00 in its treasury. Despite this, through after the workshop, students and teachers sanitary district regulations, and state laws donated time of citizens and sma.ll contri­ realized the need for environmental educa­ in some cases. butions, th.is group launched a successful tion and action in their school and commu­ Teachers have returned to their schools environmental education campaign that in­ nity. They suggested a.n environmental biol­ with new ideas for curricula, and inter-dis­ volved two large high schools, elementary ogy course to the local school board, so that ciplinary courses on environmental studies. schools, and over 6,000 homes in a. door to now there are several enVironmental science Although the organizers could not obtain door campaign. courses that emphasize the social, political, federal funds for a follow-up conference, The support of community environmental and economic aspects of environmental private donations and a grant from UNESCO groups, the setting up of advisory commit­ problems. The summer field biology class will support an international student en­ tees, and the teaching of environmental edu­ has been especially exciting, with students vironmental conference late this April. Pat­ cation in schools depends on an educated visiting nature areas, industrial sites, mu­ terned after the first conference, it will em­ public. Without public interest, a commis­ nicipal sewage treatment plants, and other phasize student and adult cooperation on sion cannot begin. Without a. faculty advisor, places to analyze pollution control. Students community environmental problems. Foreign a. student group cannot function. Without do independent research too, like testing lo­ students from ten countries will meet with community cooperation, environmental proj­ cal walter for dissolved oxygen, or recording host students in Illinois and Wisconsin to ects will collapse. air pollution counts from the monitor on the learn about specific projects, and to visit B. Instructional materials and imagina­ school roof. schools, parks, industrial centers, landfills, tive programs designed for use in the school Environmental action centers around the and sewage treatment plants. The implica­ classroom and community are lacking or Pollution Control Center, an office that the tions worldwide of this program are appar­ unavailable to many educators and citizens, students run to coordinate projects within ent. especia.lly those that are urban-oriented. the school and community, and on a larger D. Several small grants to non-profit citi­ During hearings for the illinois State En­ scale. They decorated an old storage room, zen groups have gone tremendously far in vironmental Education Plan, teachers and borrowed some file cabinets and a. desk, and promoting environmental awareness. leaders stated repeatedly that they were con­ obtained a phone. The center is open each I especially remember a garden club in nu­ cerned, but didn't know where to obtain school day with student volunteers to answer nois that used an Office of Environmental environmental education materials, or how the phone. Here students or citizens can get Education grant of a few hundred dollars to make their studies relevant to local needs. free pamphlets, periodicals, and audio-visual that enabled them to design a children's col­ Often these materials existed, but required aides on a. wide range of environmental oring book that emphasized ecological con­ wider exposure and availability. Teachers and topics. Besides keeping in touch with other cepts and responsible environmental atti­ citizens never heard about unique programs environmental groups and providing in­ tudes. Our school used these books which we that would have helped them to avoid orga­ formation, the center organizes an amazing were able to obtain free through the gen­ nizational mistakes and other problems in­ range of projects: erous help of the club. Normally the club herent in running school-community pro­ Permanent recycling village-wide of glass, sold them at cost to interested groups. These grams. paper, and metal books were extremely popular With grade­ For example, last summer while working Speaker for local elementary schools that school children in our elementary school for the federal Environmental Protection lack environmental education courses lecture program. Even some local churches Agency Region V, I participated in a new en­ The saving and maintenance of a local con­ purchased them to use in Sunday school vironmental education program in the inner servatory lessons! city. This program has been submitted to Representatives to testify at state Pollu­ m. Environmental education depends on the Office of Environmental Education for tion Control Board hearings the preparation of teachers and citizens for next year, on a much wider basis. Last year Maintenance of file on current legislation immediate results. the Environmental Protection Agency pro­ (state and federal) and telephone, letter A. Even though comprehensive state plans vided $200.00 for materials and about $300.00 campaigns for environmental education are in final in staff time to organize a. program for high Coalition with other schools to work on stages in some states, their implementation school students. These students, involved common projects depends on faculty and citizen support. origina.lly in the Model Cities summer pro­ The important point here is that this kind The Dlinois State Plan for Environmental gram, had requested themselves to under­ of program is not unique; energetic students Education has noted, "Many teachers and take a. program that would help to allevi­ a.nd teachers across the nation are working other community leaders do not have the ate problems that they faced in their com­ with limited funds and resources to produce adequate background to be effective environ­ munity daily; they wanted an action project exciting results. (see Appendix) mental educators." To help remedy this the with tangible results rather than busy work. C. With modest federal support, these proj­ plan suggests, "Giving teachers instruction­ The director of Public Affairs for Region V ects can spread to other areas. Once com­ al materials that are practical for their teach­ of the EPA planned a project that brought bined with local talent, funds, and en­ ing situation and guidance in how to use together Model Cities, the Department of thusiasm, the returns measured in public it, providing in-service workshops and Streets and Sanitation, the Department of awareness and environmental improvement graduate study in environmental education, Environmental Control (which enforces far exceed the investment. and encouraging independent study and field Chicago's anti-pollution regulations) and the Last October, using a small amount of work within the local school district. EPA. money from the federal Office of Environ­ Even if guidelines are set by state agencies The students were concerned most about mental Education, services and personnel for environmental education in schools, it abandoned cars, litter, vacant buildings and from the Environmental Protection Agency won't be taught unless the teachers, admin­ lots, fire hazards, lack of sanitation, illegal Region V., and National Park Service, and istrators, and local boards and parents de­ smokestacks, and high noise levels from the students and faculty from Dlinois and Wis­ mand this kind of study. Federal funds for elevated train, buildings and vehicles. By consin high schools, a weekend environ­ teacher workshops and seminars for environ­ training the students to identify possible mental problem solving conference was held. mental education in communities are essen­ violations in these categories, and areas that The monetary investment was small, but the tial. needed attention, the EPA was able to send interest on the part of staff of sponsoring Many towns and villages now have envi­ them out to survey the neighborhood. Using agencies, and the work done preparing for ronmental advisory commissions composed of a form based on city inspectors reports that the conference by participants maximized community citizens who are interested in detail solid waste problems, the EPA added the result. Over one-hundred and forty stu­ environmental improvement in their area. sections on noise and air pollution. With the dents and teachers attended from urban, In places where environmental awareness 1s help of adult supervisors, the students com­ suburban, and rural environments. Those high. these boards make recommendations piled the data, and made suggestions to the 12858 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 17, 1973 appropriate city department. Often the de­ grants were aimed in part at this type of ibility" amendment to S. 502 that I be­ partment had the needed baskets or street community group. lieve is of critical importance to the res­ cleaners to remedy the problem, but lacked B. Administration of the program hindered olution of the transportation crisis that enough inspectors to find the spots. its effectiveness. afflicts all too many of our Nation's cities. Also, the young people as members of the It is crucial that the Office of Environ­ community had more success in talking to mental Education be in close contact with This amendment would allow local high­ residents and in moving around the commu­ the Environmental Protection Agency and way planners in urban areas the option nity than inspectors from downtown whom other agencies like the Department of the of using their share of the $850 million residents viewed suspiciously because they Interior, National Park Service, and Depart­ urban systems portion of the highway feared a bill or notice of a building violation. ment of Agriculture which deal with public trust fund for public transportation Once the people found that the students education to environmental topics. purposes. were actively trying to improve the area, As a recipient of the President's Environ­ The Anderson amendment would not residents often fixed up their buildings or mental Merit Award, a program administered mandate any mass transit construction. grounds, or began projects through their through the Environmental Protection block clubs. In the case of noise or air vio­ Agency, I see great possibilities for reaching It would not alter the amount of high­ lations, Chicago has strict ordinances, so that students. Now over 38,000 public and private .way trust fund moneys that any State the inspectors could assign fines once the high schools, 11,000 summer camps, and receives. Nor would it affect the distri­ students notified them. more recently many elementary schools are bution of funds to rural road programs, Mayor Daley singled out this project as a eligible for the program which recognizes en­ or jeopardize the completion of the in­ success. If it receives some federal money, it vironmental achievement. Almost all of these terstate highway network. What the will become a. national model for urban en­ programs had no federal funding in the Anderson amendment would do is this: vironmental education and action. One stu­ schools, yet they achieved significant results. Local transportation planners would be dent explained to me the importance of the A later aspect of the PEMAP program program. "People in this neighborhood talk provided some funding through cooperation given a choice of transit options with about moving out to get away, but I don't between the Environmental Protection which they could select that which best want to. I want to stay right here and get Agency and the Office of Education. With meets the actual transportation needs these problems fixed up, because no matter federal assistance matching local funds, the of their community. In some cases, this where we go, pollution is going to follow us. opportunities for spreading constructive might mean that more roads would be For once the kids in Y.E.A. (Youth for En­ programs are unlimited. built using urban systems funds, but in vironmental Action) feel like we're doing Moreover, this type of governmental com­ mitment transcends specific environmental other situations, where construction of something to help." more roads would do more to aggravate C. Colleges and universities need new sys­ problems, because it demonstrates that the tems of environmental education to prepare government recognizes citizen efforts by the transit situation than to improve it, people that will solve future problems. more than a certificate or some publicity. local officials could turn to other public At many schools, even if environmental The renewal of the Environmental Educa­ transportation systems, such as buses courses are offered, these courses deal in tion Act would support these efforts and or rail transit. generalities. At Cornell, students and faculty disseminate information on programs across I cannot stress too much the impor­ are experimenting with new approaches to the country. Perhaps the administration of the Act tance of this amendment. Will Congress environmental education, like having stu­ continue to attempt to meet the trans­ dents work on real community problems for would be handled more efficiently within the credit. These students might monitor a. nu­ Environmental Protection Agency, through portation crisis of the 1970's with the clear power plant, gathering long term accu­ established citizen contacts, and industrial wisdom of the 1950's? Or will Congress rate data on environmental effects, or help and citizen recognition programs similar to realize, as I and many others hope it will, the local community to plan a recreational PEMAP. that our existing transportation policies park. At other universities, PIRGS (Public V. In any case, I am confident that I speak for thousands of students and other are seriously out of date and will do Interest Research Groups) cooperate with citizens in America today whose energies little to solve the growing transit di­ citizen groups and state and federal agen­ lemma? cies on consumer information, health care and talents are awaiting opportunities and programs, and other civic environmental guidance in environmental service. We are now faced with a growing en­ A. As Congressmen, our elected repre­ ergy crisis, to a large degree attributable concerns. sentatives, it is your responsibility to see These students and the adults that work to the huge and inefficient energy con­ that their awareness does not change to sumption of the automobile. Already in with them, are developing skills and attitudes frustration and disillusionment as they see necessary to deal with real world problems. more and more dollars cut from programs some cities and States gasoline is being If given appropriate support, these kinds of that directly affect the quality of life. rationed. Urban areas face the specter of projects can only benefit our country, and Environmental programs in the broadest air pollution, to which the automobile increase cooperation among people who are sense which include not only pollution con­ has been a prime contributor. Many ur­ faced with common environmental choices. trol and public education, but social projects IV. I have attempted to illustrate the im­ ban areas, if they are to meet the EPA directed towards rehabilitation, and support air-quality standards by 1977, will have portant influences of the Environmental of our cultural institutions, are fading be­ Education Act, despite its handicaps. fore the eyes of a critical public, even when to drastically reduce the amount of auto­ A. I believe that it would be premature to Congress supports these programs I mobile traffic within their jurisdiction. halt a. program like this one, after it has B. Congress has the opportunity to stand Finally, there is the recurring blight of never received a chance to fulftll its poten­ behind the Environmental Education Act, snarled traffic and clogged highways that tial. even though the present administration may must be alleviated. I understand that the program has never not act according to its promises. received the full funding as originally in­ All of these factors suggest to me that I challenge you gentlemen to take this this country should make a massive com­ tended. For this reason, hundreds of grant action by supporting the Environmental applications which deserved funding never Education Act, H.R. 3927. mitment to the development and con­ received it. This subcritical funding pre­ Thank you. struction of mass transit throughout the vented the Office of Environmental Educa­ urban areas of our country. No one claims tion from realizing even more significant that opening up $850 million of the high­ progress, because to begin with the original DRINAN SUPPORTS ANDERSON way trust fund will provide an answer to allocation was extremely small (in terms of the federal budget). AMENDMENT TO OPEN HIGHWAY these pressing problems, but it will be an The lack of funds and adequate staff TRUST FUND important step. stopped the Office of Environmental Educa­ Mr. Speaker, a coalition of concerned tion from gathering input from a wide range organizations has formed the Highway of citizen, educational, and non-profit HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN Action Coalition, which is attempting to groups, or from advising interested organiza­ OF ~ASSACFnJSETTS assist in the passage of the Anderson tions on how to design projects to obtain IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES amendment. I would like to call to the funds. Between issuing criteria. for grant ap­ Tuesday, April 17, 197 3 attention of my colleagues a certain plications and the deadline for submitting documentation prepared by the Highway them, there were only three weeks-much Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, in just a Action Coalition on the subject of the too short a. time for many groups to design few days the House of Representatives Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973. I a. proposal and to gain approval from their will be considering one of the most sig­ boards. commend this material to my colleagues, Even small grant applications were ex­ nificant transportation issues that will and urge that they give it close atten­ tremely complex documents, requiring pages come before the 93d Congress. I refer, of tion: of statements, philosophies, and justification, course, to the Federal-Aid Highway Act THE CO~MITTEE BILI-DOES IT PROVIDE as well as a complicated budget analysis. of 1973, s. 502. F'LEXIBILrrY? This certainly discouraged many organiza­ Congressman GLENN ANDERSON of Cal­ The House Public Works Committee's ver­ tions from applying, when ironically, the ifornia is planning to introduce a ":flex- sion of the 1973 Federal-aid Highway Act 1s April 17, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12859 very much a traditional highway bill. It out of general revenues on a contract au­ fer general revenue substitution provisions makes authorizations which continue largely thority basis for those purposes. could add as much as $1.4 billion a year unchanged the existing Federal-aid highway Similarly, under the Committee bill, if in additional burdens on the general fund programs. It does depart from the past in local officials and the state governor decided for public transportation, and this would creating a number of new, major categorical to cancel a controversial urban Interstate be above and beyond the existing $1 billion grant programs, including a 10,000-mile "pri­ highway segment (and the Secretary of a year general revenue-supported Urban Mass ority primary highway system." And the bill Transportation found that the segment was Transportation capital grants program. would, for the first time, provide an urban/ not essential for the continuity of the over­ Where is the money going to come from? rural balance through a major increase in the all Interstate System), then the funds al­ At a time when Congress is attempting to :funding for urban highway programs. located to that project would be returned to control "backdoor" spending, is adding an The Committee rejected those features of the trust fund and an equivalent amount of additional $1.4-billion in general revenue the Senate-passed bill which would permit money would be made available out of gen­ obligations, which are beyond the control local and state officials to use some of their eral revenues for public transportation pur­ of Congress, really an acceptable approach? urban road funds for bus and rail public poses within that state. Thus, for example, At a time when the budgets of many pro­ transportation as well as highways. The Com­ if those segments of I-95, I-695 and I-895 grams are being cut back due to the in­ mittee bill, however, does for the first time which were to bisect downtown Boston and creasingly serious fiscal plight of the coun­ recognize that this type of flexibility is essen­ which the Governor and the Mayor have said try, is it not inconceivable that the Ap­ tial for rational urban transportation plan­ should not be built, are in fact de-designated, propriations Committee, if not a majority of ning. Unfortunately, the complex mechanism then the $930 million allocated for those the House, would enact a budgetary ceiling which the Committee has evolved to meet projects would be returned to the trust fund well below that required for the desired this need poses many more problems than it and a like amount of money would be made flexibility? If not, would not the President solves. available out of general revenues over sev­ simply impound the transit funds? Under the Committee bill, an urban area eral years for public transportation purposes The Department of Transportation has in­ could theoretically decide to forego the use of in Massachusetts. Potentially, as much as dicated the Committee bill would present its share of the $700 million a year urban sys­ $6 billion worth of controversial urban Inter­ an administrative nightmare. We see no pur­ tem allocation, return the money to the High­ state highway projects could come under pose in adding more red tape to the existing way Trust Fund, and receive a like amount this provision. regulations by requiring the money to be of funds on a contract authority basis from The basic difficulty with this approach­ transferred firstly, back to the trust :fund, general revenues !or public transportation some have called it a "Rube Goldberg con­ and then sending general revenues back to purposes. Unused highway funds would be traption"-is that it both promises large the urban areas. If the intent is to provide ":frozen" in the Highway Trust Fund. Thus, amounts of general treasury funds for tran­ real flexibility to urban transportation de­ for example, if Chicago decided to use $15 sit that are not now available or likely to be cisionmakers, then why not avoid these fiscal million of its $18.163 million urban system available in the future, and it compounds and administrative pitfalls, by simply per­ allocation to buy buses or to improve its the problems of executive impoundment and mitting them to use their urban road funds rapid rail transit system. then it would re­ the proliferation of red tape and administra­ for whatever mix of ground transportation turn the $15 million to the trust fund and, in tive delay. programs will best meet their particular local turn, would theoretically receive $15-million The urban system and Interstate trans- needs?

Funding Uses, Uses, Anderson committee Anderson Highway trust fund projects Funding committee bill amendment bill amendment

The Interstate System _____ :. ______$3.5 billion per year through fiscal year 1978 ______No change ______No change ______No change. The primary system in rural areas ______$700 million per year for fiscal years 1974-75-76 •• ------== -do ______do______Do. The secondary system in rural areas ______$400 million per year for fiscal years 1974-75-76 •• ------=--do ______do______Do. The forest highway system ______$33 million per year for fiscal years 1974-75-76 ______do ______do______Do. The public lands highways system ______$16 million per year for fiscal years 1974-75-76 ______7-_do ______do______Do. The economi.c growth center development highway ______$150 million per year for fiscal years 1974-75-76 ______-;;:_do ______do______Do. Special urban high density traffic programs ______$100 million per year for fiscal years 1974--75-76 ______;;-;- _do ______do______Do. Priority primary system ______$300 million per year for fiscal years 1974-75-76 ______..;~_do ______do______Do. Urban extensions system ______$400 million per year for fiscal years 1974-75-76 ______~ _do ______do______Do. Urban system.------$700 million per year tor fiscal years 1974-75-76 ______..; __ do ______do ______Ex~~~:ee~rt~~~~ud~i~~r- of bus or rail rapid transit systems.

USEB TAX EQUITY: "A SACKED TRUST?" years before the creation of the Trust Fund citizens, furthermore, have borne the many The taxes accruing to the Highway Trust did ..highway users" claim that these taxes social and environmental costs of the high­ Fund are frequently characterized as "user" should not be used as a part of general reve­ way system. taxes. For this reason, it is sometimes argued nues, any more than cigarette smokers claim ENERGY that to use any part of such taxes for the that all tobacco taxes should be funneled Automobiles are energy gluttons. Their funding of mass transit systems would be to into cancer research. To insist, therefore, manufacture and operation acount for "break faith" with the "highway user" who that the legitimacy of these levies depends more than a fifth of all the energy consumed pays those taxes. This claim, that taxes on on their expenditure for roadways is more in the United States. Worse still, automo­ I'>UCh items as gasoline and tires are com­ of an ex post facto rationalization than an biles effectively use only five percent of the mitted by Federal promise to highway users appreciation of the facts. potential energy they burn; the rest is alone, and that the taxes are not legitimate The Highway Trust Fund was created in wasted. The average car has about 120 horse­ unless raised for these purposes, however, is 1956 largely with the intent that it should power per passenger-roughly the amount a misrepresentation of the 1956 legislation finance the Interstate Highway Program au­ required by a subsonic aircraft for take-off. that created the Highway Trust Fund. thorized in that same year. In order to pro­ Per passenger mile, a car consumes five times Earmarking of certain taxes on automo­ vide a long-term continuous :funding for as much fuel as a train, and six times as bile-related items to the Highway Trust Fund that program a Trust Fund was deemed a much as a bus. is nothing more nor less than a simple-but necessary mechanism and it seemed appro­ In light of an impending energy and very effective-financial device, aimed at priate to divert, from general revenues, high­ fuels crisis, this waste is unacceptable. assuring the Federal-Aid Highway program way-related levies to partially support ~hat Dwindling oil reserves, for instance, have al­ substantial, long-term funding. The exist­ Fund. ready caused fuel shortages for home heating ence of the Trust Fund is not the justifica­ However, it has never been feasible finan­ oil this past winter. Further, it now appears tion for imposing these taxes. Some $3 bil­ cial policy that specific activities should be that there will be gasoline shortages this lion dollars, or 50 percent of the money that financed by levies on related products. In­ summer as production fails to meet the un­ will flow into the Trust Fund in 1974, will deed, although the Highway Trust Fund was believable demands that the auto places on have derived from taxes that were levied once hailed as a mechanism to achieve a self­ our reserves of crude oil. These shortages long before the Trust Fund was ever con­ financing highway system, cities, counties, caused the closing of schools and industries ceived, and which, prior to 1956, were used states and the Federal government drew in the midwest last winter. Can we really af­ for a whole range of programs including some $4 billion last year from general reve­ ford to feed our automobiles at the ex­ foreign aid. Gasoline taxes date from 1932, nues for highway purposes, a large share of pense of closing our schools and factories? and a tax on tires and tubes has been levied which went for the upkeep of Federally Yet, mass transportation in urban areas since 1919. These taxes were then called funded highways. General taxpayers also can provide some relief. If we could shift "excise" taxes, and like taxes on alcohol, bear the many considerable indirect costs one-fourth of urban travel in major metro­ cosmetics and almost all saleable items, they of supporting the highway system, ranging politan areas from private automobiles to accrued to the general treasury. The gas­ from the creation of much of the parking public transportation, we could expect to oline and tire taxes, among others, were later space to loss of taxable land. save neary a million barrels of petroleum a siphoned into the Highway Trust Fund, but This is particularly true in the cities day by 1980. It has been said that energy is they are no different from those excise taxes where often 60 percent of urban space is ·the ultimate natural resource. It 1s also a of 1919 and 1932. At no time in all those given over to autollloblle-related uses. All 11m1ted resource. Unless we begin to conserve 12860 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 17, 1973 energy, by eliminating wasteful uses, and WHEN SAVING MONEY COSTS TOO ample of misconceived thriftiness may very providing for more energy efficient uses of MUCH, OR POWER TO THE well prove to be the message's most serious the limited resources we have, we may soon defect. Through the customary series of leaks be paying a tremendously high price for our PEOPLE and dribbles, the administration has indi­ energy needs. While mass transit may not be cated its intention to produce the message the whole answer, it is a beginning. Interest­ J. J. within the next few days. The subsequent ingly enough, many major oil companies HON. PICKLE public debate will revolve, as usual, around agree and have publicly endorsed Highway OF TEXAS those famlllar points that Washington is ac­ Trust Fund fiexiblllty. They include: Stand­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES customed to arguing about-the deregula­ ard Oil of New Jersey, Mobil, Gulf, Texaco Tuesday, April 17, 1973 tion of gas, the oil import quotas, the en­ and Atlantic Richfield. vironmental protection standards. But an is­ AIR POLLUTION Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, few people sue of at least equal importance, and one Automobile-caused air pollution has be­ in America today would argue that this on which the administration's position re­ come a major health hazard in many cities. country is facing an energy crisis. Scien­ mains deplorably nearsighted, is the federal The Federal Environmental Protection tists have predicted this energy squeeze support for energy research. Agency (EPA) reports that 67 metropolitan for years, and now even the common man The message, according to the advance areas have auto-related air pollutants in con­ has begun to feel the pinch from gasoline hints and smoke signals, will propose some­ centrations hazardous to human health. The thing like an additional $100 million for supplies that are drying up, from natural scientific and engineering work in developing Federal Clean Air Act requires that these gas supplies that prove inadequate for cities achieve certain standards of air qual­ energy resources. That would constitute an ity (as regards concentrations of carbon long winters, and from electrical systems increase of only 13 per cent over the $752 monoxide, hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, that are overpowered by the increased mlllion already budgeted for next year. That etc.) by 1977. Despite relatively stringent demands placed on them. $752 million is a very modest sum, in com­ auto-emission controls and "stationery But unfortunately, even with all the parison with the costs of progress in ad­ source" restrictions, the Environmental Pro­ hue and cry that has been raised over vanced technology generally. It is less than tection Agency reports that at least 26 major half the federal support for biomedical re­ this issue, the administration has silently search, and one-fourth the outlay on space metropolitan areas in 22 states will have to put the brakes on the one hope we have to reduce automobile usage in order to meet the research. minimum standards required under the law solve this crisis. The President, in his A substantial part of the prelient energy and for human health. Measures under con­ forthcoming energy message, will ask for shortage is the result of unexpected delays sideration in these areas range from parking a nearly insignificant increase in funds in producing nuclear power. The engineer­ restrictions to gas rationing-but all are to be used for energy research. ing of nuclear power plants has turned out predicated upon improved public transporta­ In an editorial that appeared in this to be far more expensive and difficult than tion alternatives. morning's Washington Post, the implica­ anyone would have believed in the 1950s. For the near future, the great need is fo:r CONGESTION tions of this penny-pinching policy are cheap and efficient methods of extracting oil This country has constructed the world's spelled out, and they include drastic en­ from shale, for example, or gas from coal. most extensive highway system, yet our ergy rationing measures and exorbitant Senator Henry Jackson (D-Wash.) has pro­ urban dwellers arguably have less mobility prices on the fuels that will still be avail­ posed an expenditure of $2 billion a year for than they did before the great highway con­ able. 10 years, a considerably more realistic esti­ struction boom began. Certainly the President has shown his mate of the likely costs of achieving this The motorist, usually at the hours when desire to be frugal in Federal spending, crucial technology. he most needs to move through the city, finds and to shift the financial burden of many The American oil industry is now proceed­ himself caught in continuous traffic jams. ing on the assumption that, by the middle Existing streets and highways have become programs to local government or private 1980s, the development of new energy sources congested almost to the point of strangula­ industry. But energy research does not will greatly reduce our dependence on pe­ tion in many urban areas. Meanwhile, the lend itself to this type of action. Private troleum. This assumption could prove highly very highways designed to speed inter-cit'y companies cannot invest the millions of dangerous if, in fact, the new sources do not travel have become so crowded with autos dollars needed to develop new and viable appear on schedule. Merely letting time pass traveling back and forth between the suburbs sources of energy because they cannot get wlll accomplish nothing other than, of course, and the central city that they can no longer a short-run return on their investments. aggravating the present shortages. If we do effectively function. Automobiles designed to To rely on them for future advances not make this investment, we must expect speed along at 60 to 80 miles per hour are to be forced into increasing dependence on reduced to a three to ten mph crawl. In the would be fruitless. The Federal Govern­ vastly more expensive fuels. We are already central business district of New York, peak ment must provide some of the funds beginning to import Algerian liquid natural hour traffic moved faster in 1900 than it did and the coordinating mechanisms neces­ gas at a cost in the range of six times the in 1970. sary to discover and implement new so­ present average wellhead price of domestic Congestion is the antithesis of the mobility lutions to the energy problems that gas. The much-advertised Russian gas would the Highway Trust Fund was intended to face us. apparently be even more expensive. Methods achieve. Yet more highways seldom pro­ already exist for manufacturing gas from vide a solution to the congestion problems of As a member of the House Science and Astronautics Committee, I have become coal, but the product is also very expensive. urban areas. Firstly, highways themselves A shift to high-cost fuels would be, ob­ generate new traffic and eventually further increasingly aware, in recent months, viously, grossly infiationary. But to say that congestion; a phenomenon now well under­ of the enormity of the task before us. is merely to hint at the damage that it would stood by traffic specialists. Secondly, in many I believe it is vital that the Federal Gov­ infiict on the American economy. Mr. Nixon of the most congested urban areas, the city ernment commit itself wholeheartedly wants to keep the research investment down itself cannot sustain more streets and high­ to a national program of energy research because he wants to hold this whole budget ways without suffering irreparable damage to and development. down. But here his error in making a fetish environment, character and vitality. of federal spending limits promises to be­ Mass transit systems can provide some re­ This is one crisis that we have the brainpower to conquer; we can find new, come exceedingly expensive to the nation lief from congestion. They offer an alterna­ over the long haul. tive form of transportation to motorists who inexpensive, nonpolluting methods of at present have little choice but to drive, and heating homes, powering vehicles, and tend to ease the increase in automobiles us­ lighting cities. But we must have the ing the roadways. For the many cities that money to do it. The amount of R. & D. THE AMERICAN OIL CRISIS are now contemplating restrictions on the use funds indicated appear to be too small, AND MASS TRANSIT of cars in order to relieve congestion down­ town, mass transit systems are becoming es­ but in fact almost the same amount rec­ sential. If use of the automobile is to be ommended before the emergency was curbed, for whatever reason, then an alterna­ declared. HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON tive mode of transportation must be pro­ Just as we set a goal in 1960 to put a OF CALIFORNIA vided. man on the moon, we can set a goal now IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Effective public transportation systems to solve the energy crisis. And we can do Tuesday, April 17, 1973 are, therefore, a vital part of most attempts it, if we do not allow the administration's to ease urban congestion. Unless these at­ cost-cutting zeal to lead us down a path Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. tempts succeed our many urban highways to a dark future. Speaker, today's tremendous urban traf­ will not be able to perform their intended The article follows: fic snarls and thick air pollution are tasks of moving people and goods safely and clearly visible results of overcrowded effectively. For the "highway user" redirec­ ENERGY RESEARCH: A FALSE ECONOMY tion of some urban highway funds toward The decision to go short on new research roads in our Nation's cities. the improvement of public transportation money will doubtless be one of the less But, another problem-which is just could at last provide an opportunity for al­ controversial passages in President Nixon's as serious-lurks beneath the obvious leviating the rush hour crush. forthcoming energy message. But this ex- ramifications of too many cars. April 17, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12861 That problem is the oil crisis. mall the United States into an anti-Israeli well-known American educator, John It is perfectly clear that mass transit policy, was the natural reply. Dewey, the Kollmans finally successfully is the singly most viable answer to the Not at all, he came back energetically. Israel can take care of herself "unless the emigrated to the United States in March oil crisis, traffic tieups, and air pollu­ United States joins with other nations to 1939. tion. destroy Israel-and the United States will The family came to Iowa in the fall The only definite way we have before never do that.'' of that year and, after teaching for 4 us of insuring funding to provide the "But why the oil problem, then?" was the years at Parsons College and serving on much needed mass transit moneys is to next question. the staff of the Army specialized training tap the highway trust fund. "Because of its direct effects on you," he program at the University of Iowa, Dr. answered, "and because those direct effects It rural and urban areas are going to Kollman joined the Cornell College fac­ be assured of a continuing supply of will turn into indirect effects on Israel and so many other nations." ulty as a professor of contemporary gasoline at a reasonable price, those of Begin with Israel and the other nations, world history, a subject that he has both us living in the cities must halt the great he was urged. personally experienced and to which he waste of gasoline consumed by cars "Oh, he replied, a bit grimly, "Israel is has contributed scholarly insight. He has stalled in bumper to bumper traffic. lucky. Israel has the will and wits to de­ When automobiles are stalled in these fend Israel. Besides China and one or two traveled extensively in Europe as lectur­ terrible traffic jams, only 5 percent of the more, there are not many nations friendly to er, researcher, and participant in inter­ potential energy in the gasoline is used. America that you can say so much about to­ national conferences. day. But neither Israel, nor China, nor any of Mr. Speaker, I am happy to salute Dr. The remaining 95 percent is emitted the other nations now in the circle of through the tailpipe. America's friends can possibly achieve suc­ Eric Kollman on his retirement from the We cannot afford to waste gasoline in cessful self-defense in a new kind of world Cornell College faculty after 29 years of this manner. Our supply is far too pre­ in which America has ceased to be a great rich and productive teaching. Forced cious and precarious. power." from the country of his birthplace, he I suggest that we examine the pre­ "Ceased to be a great power! My God, I came to this country and to the State of carious situation of our unprotected thought you were talking about the oil prob­ lem," was the fairly horrified comment. Iowa, where he has earned international primary oil passage way which runs It was a natural comment, too, for how do prominence as an historian. Dr. Kollman through the Persian Gulf and then, most of us, as yet, think about the oil prob­ is a most respected member of the teach­ quickly, take steps to protect our oil lem? In terms of greater costs, our current ing profession and was recently honored supply which is so essential to our en­ difficulties with the balance of payments, by a symposium at Cornell College on tire economy. and also of the Arab political blackmail­ Germany and Modern European History, In last week's Los Angeles Times, Jo­ which the departing ambassador had dis­ seph Alsop related the fears of a friend missed. That, surely, is a.n honest summary attended by several well-known histori­ of the way we now think about the on prob­ of our Nation's concerning our oil prob­ ans who are personal friends of Dr. Koll­ lem. man. Because of the outstanding influ­ lem. Perhaps sensing all this, Rabin went on, The former Israeli Ambassador, Itzhak much more sternly and more earnestly: "You ence of his personal example and schol­ Rabin, clearly depicted our situation in do not think enough about the oil problem. arship, I insert in the RECORD an article Mr. Alsop's column. I have been looking into it for months. It is by Art Hough of the Cedar Rapids Gaz­ I am including the remarks of Mr. much worse than you suppose-10 times ette on the career and forthcoming re­ Rabin and Mr. Alsop because I think they worse. Your jugular, Western Europe's jugu­ lar, Japan's jugular, all run through the tirement of Dr. Eric Kollman. will be quite useful to my colleagues. Persian Gulf nowadays. Yet you have no The article follows: While action on protecting our vital means to defend your jugular. ERIC KOLLMAN LivED His HISTORY LESSONS supply of oil is being considered, I would "This is why your country must cease to (By Art Hough) suggest that immediate action be taken be a great power unless you can find means MOUNT VERNON.-"It was not a nice birth­ to stop the wasting of fuel by automo­ to solve this terrible problem which everyone day." biles on traffic-clogged highways by has overlooked for too long. No nation can Speaking was Dr. Eric Kollman, professor remain a great power that has a wholly un­ of history at Cornell college, who well re­ funding mass transit systems to get defended jugular, waiting to be cut by any­ these cars off our roads. members that on his 35th birthday, 35 years one with a willing knife. ago, Hitler's Nazi forces invaded the profes­ The article follows: "No nation can be a great power, either, sor's native Vienna. {From the Los Angeles Times, April 12, 1973] that has an ever more worthless currency­ Maybe, unintentionally, Hitler did Eric unless it is a totalitarian state like Hitler's THE On. PROBLEM-10 TIMES WORSE THAN Kollman a favor by changing his entire life You SUPPOSE Germany or the Soviet Union, which the picture. Kollman, a Jew, was persecuted like United States will never be. (By Joseph Alsop) thousands of other Austrian Jews, but, he "Look into the facts that the future wlll was luckier than many. He got out of the WASHINGTON .-Some weeks ago, the former force you to face. Look into what those facts country, came to the United States and Israeli ambassador, who was also one of the will do to your dollar. Look into the new reached international prominence he might two chief minds behind Israel's victory in strategic situation those facts will soon never have attained in his native land. the Six-Day War, went home for good after enough create for you. Then you will see Dr. Kollman, 70, will retire from teaching a long experience in Washington. that I am right." next month, after 29 years on the Cornell Itzhak Rabin is not merely a brave man, campus. In honor of his retirement, Cornell a good companion and a good friend. He also is sponsoring a symposium on Germany in has one of the most far-thinking yet down­ Modern European History Wednesday and to-earth strategic minds this city has known DR. ERIC KOLLMAN Thursday, April 4 and 5. Speakers wlll include in many years. three of Kollman's personal friends in his­ So it was a matter of pride that the house tory, Prof. Gordon A. Craig, chairman of the where these words are written was the last HON. JOHN C. CULVER Stanford university history department; Prof. in Washington where he came to say good­ Peter Loewenberg of the University of Cali­ bye and to have his final meal in America.. OF IOWA fornia at Los Angeles, and Prof. George L. The talk at supper included a fairly idle IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mosse of the University of Wisconsin. question: "Now that it's all over, what im­ Tuesday, April 17, 1973 Dr. KoUman's biography of Theodor Koer­ pressions do you take home with you from ner, a former president of Austria, has just your embassy here?" Mr. CULVER. Mr. Speaker, few people been published in Vienna. This is the cen­ Rabin answered that he had had a won­ have been in a better position to appre­ tenary year of Koerner's birth. derful time here and, in one way, was going ciate the freedom and advantages of The immediate effect of i;he Nazi invasion home much encouraged. When he came to March 12, 1938, was not good. In Kollman's Washington, he had found the city wholly this great Nation than Dr. Eric Kollman, professor of history at Cornell College in words: preoccupied with Vietnam and dealing with "I can tell you that I was teaching at a all the more important matters in the world "Mount Vernon, Iowa, who is retiring in boarding school. The Nazis took over in the by a method of fumble, muddle and last­ May of this year. Dr. Kollman, a native night, from Friday to Saturday. On Sunday I minute improvisation. Now, he added, "your of Vienna, Austria, was teaching there at got by special messenger a letter to report policy has a clear, well-thought-out direc­ the time of Hitler's invasion in March on Monday >vith my keys, since the National tion, and is bold and adroit, too. All that is very good." 1938. Forced out of his position, arrested, Socialist cell has declared that I am intoler­ able and I'm to be immediately suspended." Why then, he was asked, did he so carefully and persecuted ~ause of his Jewish na­ say, "in one way"? tionality, Dr. Kollman and his family Kollman did as he was told. He handed in "Your oil problem," he answered shortly. his keys, although his contract called for tried for a year to obtain a passport and compensation if he were suspended Without You mean you think the Arabs will black- visa to leave Austria. Sponsored by the notice. 12862 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE April 18, 1973

HE DID GET PAID to get the passport was a major achieve­ fornia in San Francisco, and Miriam and her Strangely enough, Kollman did get paid on ment." husband are in Tonga, west of Samoa, with his contract. The Nazis were more "lenient" at that time the Peace Corps. "I had the fantastic experience that some than later, when they tried to starve the HAPPY YEARS of my students and one former student who, Jews. Kollman refers a lot to his "luck," in con­ was then a member of the "SS" went to the "You could still buy food at that time, but trast to the millions of other Jews who were new Nazi director of the school and said: you couldn't sit on a park bench or go into not so fortunate, who never got out of the " 'Kollman has to get his money.' " a coffee house." clutches of the Nazis terrorists. So they gave it to him. UNFORGETABLE EXPERIENCE He says Cornell has been "extremely good "One day, the black limousine of the "SS" Kollman compares their reaching America to me. These have been very happy years ..• stopped at the house. My wife thought I was March 8, 1939, as like "coming from Hell to the students and the relationship with the going to be arrested. That former student of Heaven." faculty. mine came and brought me the money they "The beautiful thing was the passing of " In English you say you have .an experience. owed me for three months. the Statue of Liberty, an experience I shall In German you say you make an experience." "When I was arrested, three months later, never forget." He talked about the impact of the refugees my wife went in desperation to the same Another experience he cherishes occurred from Europe on the U.S. and of the contribu­ student. He said he could do absolutely noth­ when an immigration officer returned their tion he had made himself. ing." passports. They said "Thank you" and the "I would put it in my case as being per­ Kollman and several other Jews were officer replied ''You're welcome:• It was the mitted to pay part of the debt to the country dragged to a synagogue, which had already first time they heard this expression and they which saved the world. been half-exploded, and were forced to clean took it literally. "And though there have been times when it out. "It was quite an experience after being I have been unhappy about America-very He didn't go to a concentration camp, al­ kicked around, beaten up and persecuted much so about what we were doing, or not though he temporarily was imprisoned at a that an official of the government would say: doing-my criticism has always been criti­ riding school with thousands of other Jews. ""You're welcome!'" cism with love, rather than hate." "I was lucky to get out, by chance, by mis­ The Kollmans stayed in New York for take." three months, Mrs. Kollman working as a On the second day, the Gestapo came and domestic and. Kollman spending what little ANOTHER DISRUPTIVE GRAIN DEAL ordered all people with identification cards money they had on subway fares and tele­ LOOMS ON THE HORIZON from the Palestine office in Vienna to come phone calls while trying in vain to find a job. forward. Kollman used his Jewish high That summer they both worked a.t a. camp school I. D. card and was released with the for underprivileged, in Michigan. HON. J. J. PICKLE others. "The children bad a. ba.ll, because we didn't "When I came out of this prison there was understand Detroit slang and they could use OF TEXAS a. six-foot-tall storm trooper who said: very bad language in our presence. But, in be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "'How come they let you out, you swine?' havior pattern, the children behaved just like Tuesday, April 17, 1973 "I thought maybe now it starts all over Vienna slum children-except that Vienna again. But they let me go." slum children would not throw food around." Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, it is that YEAR OF RED TAPE Dr. and Mrs. Kollman came to Iowa in the time of the year again-when the ad­ It took Kollman and his wife, Gusti, nearly fall of 1939. He taught at Parsons college for a year to get through the bureaucratic red four years and in 1943-44 was on the sta.1f ministration's fancy turns to thoughts of tape and out of the country, despite the fact o:! the army specialized training program in another grain deal with Russia. that he was sponsored by a famous American foreign area and language at the University We are just now beginning to see our educator, John Dewey, then head of progres­ of Iowa. way clear of the mess created by incom­ sive education and professor emeritus at Co­ RKTURNS TO EUROPE petent handling of the last one. It was lumbia university. He spent the 1944-45 school year at Cornell, just a month ago that the House Foreign American consuls were suddenly swamped tea.ching future navy officers contemporary and Interstate Commerce Committee's with applications and at the same time were world history, and then joined the Cornell Special Subcommittee on Investigations fighting the immigration quotas. faculty as professor of history. began examining the causes of the na­ While the Jews waited their turn to get Since then he has returned to Europe nine out of Austria, the Nazis had ingenious ways times to teach, do research or attend inter­ tionwide freight car shortage and traced of making life miserable for them. national conferences. the problem to the administration's inept Everyone in Vienna, except the Jews, was In Germany he has spoken to ••different management of the grain deal. required to wear a Nazi swastika in his but­ layers of people,n from peasants to ex-army When the administration demanded tonhole. The Jews were not allowed to and officers, young and old. that wheat bound for Russia be moved were easily recognized by storm troopers. "I knew, understood better, what the Ger­ "If you walked on the street and had no at any costs, there were serious repercus­ mans had trouble understanding about the sions in many segments of the economy. sign, the Gestapo would say 'Come with me,' United States," he said. and you better did." Yes, Hitler did Kollman a f.a.vor, indirectly. Many commodities were stranded far Gestapo arrested Kollman on the street "FolloWing the dialectics of history, some from their markets, raising prices. And one day while he was shopping for groceries. very bad things turn out the opposite, I of course, the traffic jams at our ports, They took him to a. barracks. He was forced cannot forget the price." grain elevators, and railroad terminals to help other Jews clean the place. Then they We asked Dr. Kollman whether he believes compounded transportation problems all offered them a way out. he would have been as successful had Hitler's over the country. "They said they would let me go if I armies left Austria-and him-alone. There has been no action from the ad­ brought them 1,000 schlliings, which was $40 He said he probably would have been prin­ a.t the time, plenty of money. What else? cipal of the boarding school in which he ministration to alleviate the problems What did you do? I went home and got the was teaching at the time of the invasion, or caused by their own lack of foresight, and thousand schillings. director of a gymnasium. yet the administration is now contem­ "Some other niceties. There was a Jewish Dr. Kollman was offered a gymnasium di­ plating a deal with Russia to sell almost passport office. The storm troopers, to have rectorship after the war. He turned it down. half as much wheat as was sold last year. fun, would chase you through the district.'' "I didn't w.ant to do that . Because, what I tmderstand that current estimates Kollman explained that the offi{:e would history has done, or what Hitler has done to place this year's transaction at 10 mil­ open every day at a di:fl'erent time. The Koll­ me, is in the terms of a historian a. unique lion tons, compared with the 19-mllllon­ man s, since they could not ride the street opportunity to start a.ll over again. It forced cars, had to walk several miles from their me into comparative history.'' ton "big deal" of last spring. home. One of his first lectures in Germany was So, when the administration considers " You came to the office at 7. The office had "European History, Seen from the OUtside". its next wheat sale to Russia, it should opened at 6. Hopeless to get in today bec-ause The Kollma.ns' three children .are all "Iowa also consider the rest of the economy, of the long line. One day you came at 6 and born and corn fed.'' Gerda, her husband and and how to properly handle the shipment. the storm troopers were there and chased two children live in Syracuse, N.Y. Peter is an Man does not live by bread alone, and you all over the district and beat you up, so assistant professor in the University o! Call- neither does our economy.

SE ~NATE~Wednesday, April 18, 1973

The Senate met at 10 a .m. and was PRAYER Almighty God, guide us through this called to order by Hon. WILLIAM D. The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward day by Thy higher wisdom. At the end HATHAWAY, a Senator from the State of L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following dismiss us with Thy blessing. Watch over Maine. prayer: all who travel. Help us to walk the way of