Index
accommodation strategy of the Jesuits Records of Lands beyond the Jurisdiction of Loyola on “entering through the other’s the Imperial Geographer. See Zhifang door and coming out one’s own” waiji; Zhifang waiji jiaoshi strategy of 8, 29, 77–78 texts. See Zhifang waiji; Zhifang waiji and the paradoxical conditions of jiaoshi encountering others 17–19 All under Heaven (Tianxia) See also contact zone; contact zone cartographical genre of 140f3.5, 142–144, formed around the Jesuits 143f3.6, 146, 262, 348–352 theory of Chinese origins of Western and the Central States (Zhongguo) 54, learning as a consequence of 9–10, 116–117 21, 263, 356 defined by Shi Jie 54 Vagnano’s conception of 7 and the Four Barbarians 54 See also Ricci Method and imperial ideology 99–100, 104, African slaves in Portuguese Macao (heigui, 108–109 heinu) “Map of Advantageous Terrain” picturing Cai Ruxian’s illustration of 285n50 of 52f2.3, 53–54, 56 mythical accounts of 288–289n50 Altar of Square Pond (or Altar of Earth, Ye Quan’s description of 288–289 fangze tan) 27, 119 Age of Discovery Altar of the Circular Mount (or Altar of Chinese “discoveries” Heaven, huanqiu tan) 27 of a new world vision 5, 19, 23, 147, Ancient Greece 345, 348 “Ocean river” that circumscribes the of the maritime Europeans 25, disk-shaped earth 210 176–177, 283–301 and the Ocean Sea (Mare Oceanus, See also Folangji Oceanus) concept 89n4, 209t5.1, 210 European New World “discoveries” 2–3, thinkers. See Aristotle; Herodotus; Homer; 5, 68, 96, 321 Pythagoras impact on European thought Answers to Geographical Questions about the of 10–12 Regions North of China (beibian beidui). See also European colonial conquests See Cheng Dachang in the Americas; Magellan, anti-Christian movements Ferdinand (Mowalani)—circum- Calendar Case (1664–1665) 155, 157–159, navigation of the globe; Portuguese 314 explorers; Spanish explorers and Folangji 314–316, 319n131 historiographical context 12–14 Jesuit writing in response to 313–315 See also New World/New World in Nanjing. See Nanjing Affair discoveries and Ricci’s missionary career in Aleni, Giulio (Ai Rulue) China 302–303 Chinese hydrographic terminology Arens, William 273 developed by 21 Aristotelian scholasticism on European colonial conquests in the and Christian theology 93–95 Americas 25, 321–322, 322–323n136 illustration of the earth emerging from exotic features in world map of 85n123 water 95, 95f3.1 “General Remarks on the Four Seas” 215, model of Western geographical thought 218 and its revision 91n8, 97–98
Aristotelian scholasticism (cont.) Mei Wending on 361 and the refutation of Confucian and model of the world. See Buddhist Neo-Confucian views 6–7n8 cosmology terraqueous globe as an innovation Ricci’s Buddhist persona 44, 79–80n108, of 23, 97–98 298 Aristotle shengjiao (literally, “sacred teaching”) as a cosmic model 90–91, 97, 149–150 term in 78–80n108 on crane-battling pygmies 72n93, 73 travels of monks as a source of world- and scholasticism. See Aristotelian geographical knowledge 129 scholasticism Zen Buddhist beliefs of Fang Yizhi 167 spherical model of the earth 90–91, 93, Zen Buddhist beliefs of Li Zhi 219, 94–95 236–237 Buddhist cosmology Baddeley, J.F. Dazhanna as a term in 336n161 Eurocentric conception of Ricci’s and global views of the earth 329n145 cartographical efforts in China 34–35 integrated with Jesuit views by translation of Ricci 33n12, 46nn42–43 Xu Fa 328–329 Baiyuan fengyu tu. See Liu Ji and the Jesuit concept of Five Bartoli, Daniello, S. J. 295n76 Continents 328–329 Beibian beidui. See Cheng Dachang view of infinite space and time 54n54 Bernard-Maitre, Henri, S. J. 31n10 and Xu Yingqiu’s new reading of the Four Bitterli, Urs 280n36, 284n47 Barbarians 329 Bol, Peter 54n56, 332n150 Burgos, Paul de 95n18, 150 Book of Changes (Yijing) Fang Yizhi’s studies of 166, 184 Cai Ruxian Kun (the earth) imaged as square in 101, A man from Luzon 290, 292f6.2, 293n69 148 Illustrated Account of Eastern Barbarians Book of Documents (Shu, Shujing) (Dongyi tushuo) 281n38, 290, 293n69, commentaries. See Kong Yingda, The True 295n75, 297n77, 299n83 Meaning of the Book of Documents; Images of Eastern Barbarians (Dongyi Zhu Heling, Commentaries on the Book tuxiang) 281n38, 290, 292f6.2, 293n69, of Documents 295, 296f6.3, 297, 299 Yugong chapter of. See “Tribute of Yu” on the “monks of India” (Tianzhu Books on Calendrical Astronomy of the seng) 295, 296f6.3, 297, 299 Chongzhen Reign (Chongzhen lishu) personal history of 290n65 compilation of 162 Three Folangji men 290, 291f6.1 Schall’s Huntian yi shuo in 156n20, Cai Shen 142n109, 245 313n115 Calendar Case (1664–1665) 155, 158–159, 314 Borneo 2 cannibals and cannibalistic accounts Brahe, Tycho 162–163, 191 in classical Greek and Roman Brockey, Liam 303n94, 315n122, 316n125 antiquity 272 Brook, Timothy 82n112, 284n46, 303n94, depicted on Ricci’s maps 68 308 Folangi associated with 270–271, Bruno, Giordano 218 281–282, 283 Buddhism as myth-history 267, 273, 283 Cai Ruxian’s monks of India 295, 296f6.3, in Zhou Zhizhong’s Records of Foreign 297, 299 Lands 272, 281 Folangji’s religion identified with Cao Wanru 29–30n7, 46n43 287–288, 294 Carta del Cantino 209t5.1n1, 210n3