DOCSLIB.ORG

Wallace's Line in the Light of Recent Zoogeographic Studies Author(S): Ernst Mayr Source: the Quarterly Review of Biology, Vol

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wallace's Line in the Light of Recent Zoogeographic Studies Author(S): Ernst Mayr Source: the Quarterly Review of Biology, Vol Wallace's Line in the Light of Recent Zoogeographic Studies Author(s): Ernst Mayr Source: The Quarterly Review of Biology, Vol. 19, No. 1 (Mar., 1944), pp. 1-14 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2808563 . Accessed: 03/02/2015 17:45 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Quarterly Review of Biology. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 134.173.140.68 on Tue, 3 Feb 2015 17:45:35 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions VOL. 19, NO. I March,I 944 THE QUARTERLY REVIEW of BIOLOGY WALLACE'S LINE IN THE LIGHT OF RECENT ZOOGEOGRAPHIC STUDIES BY ERNST MAYR AmericanMuseum of Natural History, New York Z OOGEOGRAPHY has had a fate very by the Atlantic,do not differso widelyas Asia muchlike taxonomy. It was flourishing and Australia." There is much truth,in this duringthe descriptive period of biological statement. Except for bats and a few rodents, sciences. Its prestige,however, declined the onlynative mammalsof Australiaare marsu- rapidlywhen experimental biology began pials and monotremes. These same two groups to come to the foreground.Again as with taxon- are entirelylacking in Asia and are replacedby a omy, a new interestin zoogeographyhas been wide varietyof placentalmammals, such as mon- noticeablein recentyears. It seems to me that keys, shrews,squirrels, ungulates, and so forth. this revival has had two causes. One is the An equally pronouncedfaunal differenceexists interestof the student of geographicspeciation among birds,insects, and othergroups of animals in the findingsof the zoogeographer. A studyof of the two regions. past and present distributionsyields much in- Australiaand Asia are connectedby a belt of formationon isolationof populationsand on the islands,the Malay Archipelago,and the question dispersalof species. It-is in this connectionthat naturallycomes up as to where in this island I became interestedin zoogeography. regionthe borderlineis to be drawnbetween these The other reason is the introductionof new two fundamentallydifferent faunas. After re- methods. The intensiveexploration of all corners viewing the zoological evidence known to him, of the globe duringthe past fiftyyears has led Wallace (l.c.) comes to the followingconclusion: to an accumulationo; sufficientfaunistic data "We may considerit establishedthat the Strait to permitthe applicationof statisticalmethods. of Lombok [betweenBali and Lombok] (only 15 Furthermore,the science of ecology has reached mileswide) marksthe limit and abruptlyseparates a levelof maturityat whichit is beginningto affect two of the great zoologicalregions of the globe." profoundlyzoogeographic methods and principles. With thesewords he drewa zoogeographicbound- It seemedworth while to me to studythe contro- ary which was destinedto gain fame under the versialand stillwide open subjectof theborderline name of its author: "Wallace's Line," a termfirst between the Australian and Oriental Regions used by Huxley (1868) (Fig.' 1). It runsbetween withthe help of such modernmethods. Bali and Lombok in the south, then through A. R. Wallace, who is generallyconsidered the Makassar Strait between Borneo and Celebes, foremostrepresentative of classicalzoogeography, and finallyturns into the open Pacific between states in his famousessay On thezoological geog- Mindanao (Philippines)and the SanghirIslands. raphy of the Malay Archipelago(1860): "The This convenientborderline found quick acceptance westernand eastern islands of the archipelago in the zoological literature and was without belong to regions more distinctand contrasted hesitation adopted by nearly all 'the zoogeog- than any other of the great zoological divisions raphers publishing between 1860 and 1890. ofthe globe. SouthAmerica and Africa,separated Sarasin (1901) and Pelseneer (1904) should be 1 This content downloaded from 134.173.140.68 on Tue, 3 Feb 2015 17:45:35 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 2 THE QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY consultedfor a historicalsurvey of the earlier facts became better known. Wallace himself literature.The echoin thepopular literature of was muchless positivein his laterwritings. Since this period was even more enthusiastic.A then many writershave insistedthat 'Wallace's mysteriousljne, only 15 mileswide, that separates Line was entirely imaginary (Weber (1902), marsupialsfrom tigers, and honeyeaters and Pelseneer (1904), Mertens (1930), Brongersma cockatoesfrom barbets and trogons,could not (1936), and others). Van Kampen (1909), for failto appeal to theimagination of thelayman. example, asserted: "Such a sharp boundary as -- Waltacestime ofi(uxle4) V~ 1.I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1_7jj-- - Wallace'Ltne rinal) n F z Webeef t >m (Faunl Balanlc) ''-'-' tf | ~~/L fAtoPapuanb ainlandFauna ' - BDORNEO ______s -- - Ula_lacesItne -O- +i*a L .0.0/ .. I Ulbe' Ltne(Fana hBalance 9 / as du I W~~~Uallace'slie (of ifuxleql) /_____ l--UIallaceslne (Original) /'.= Uleber~sI ne (Faunal B3alance) __ - - Ilieber'sJlJe (of Pelseneer) 1_ A +- +- LpitofA8ustralo-PapuanMainlandFauna .j_STRALI ZOO-mIme (Nd,e of Continental Thelves) .2 iUST 2 LIA* le'dta4Qy_deI. ||* J_t, FIG 1. ZOOGEOGRAPHIc BORDERLINES IN THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO The shaded areas are the continentalshelves. E. Haeckel (1893) outdid all his contemporaries Wallace drewit does not exist. Not onlyis there by asserting:"Crossing the narrow but deep none where he drew it, but no such line exists Lombok Strait we' go with a single step from anywhere in the archipelago." On the other the PresentEra to the Mesozoicum." hand,Wallace's Line has been vigorouslydefended Statementsof such exaggerationcall forrefuta- by such serious,authorsas Dickersonet al. (1928), tion and shortlyafter 1890 doubtswere expressed Raven (1935), and Rensch (1936). Curiously more and more frequentlyas to the validity of enoughmost of the writerson this subject seem Wallace's Line,particularly after the distributional to be definitelyin one or the othercamp, either This content downloaded from 134.173.140.68 on Tue, 3 Feb 2015 17:45:35 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions WALLACE'0S LINE 3 theyare forWallace's Line or theyare againstit, island belt,frofii,fhe east as a descendantof a and they tend to presenttheir data accordingly. group of species that was isolated in Australia Others treat one aspect only of this diversified at an early date. Such secondarilyeastern ele- problem. An impartialstudy of the situationis ments,as Merops ornatusamong the birds, are stilllacking at the presenttime. includedwith the easterngroup. The classifica- Actually, a whole complex of questions is tion of a few species will always remainopen to involved,of which the followingseem to be the doubt, but a differentdecision in these cases most importantones: would change the percentagesonly slightlyand (1) Is Wallace's Line the borderlinebetween would not basically affectthe followingfigures. the Orientaland the AustralianRegions, and if A specialistof a given group usually has no dif- not, whereis thisborderline? ficulties in deciding which species are Indo- (2) Does Wallace's Line representthe line of a Malayan and whichAustralian. major faunal break, and if this is true,how did Celebes. Weber (1902), the Sarasins (1901), such a break develop? de Beaufort(1926), Stresemann(1939) and other recentauthors agree that at least threefourths of IS WALLACE' S LINE THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN THE the Celebes animals are of westernorigin. Ac- ORIENTAL AND THE AUSTRALIAN REGIONS? cording to Rensch (1936: 252) the figuresare: The faunaof the Malay Archipelagowas rather Reptilesat least 88 per cent,Amphibia 80 per cent poorlyknown in Wallace's days. Wherehe knew TABLE 1 20 species of birds,we now know 120; wherehe Percentageof westernand eastern species on Lesser Sunda knew 5 species of reptiles,we know 40, and so Islands forth. This lack of informationcaused Wallace to singleout what he consideredtypical represen- REPTILES AND AM- BIRDS CHANGE tatives of the respectivefaunas, and to use the PHIBIANS OF PER- CENTAGE borderline of their ranges as zoogeographic IN BIRDS Western WesternEastern boundaries. The tiger,the squirrelsand other mammalsgo as far east as Bali, but are absent Per cent Per centPer cent fromLombok. Among birds the barbets (Capi- Bali.............. 94 87.0 13.0 14.5 tonidae) and many other Oriental groups are Lombok........... 85 72.5 27.5 4.5 abruptlybrought to a halt by Lpmbok Strait. Sumbawa.. 87 68.0 32.0 5.0 Flores.78 37.0 The Australianhoneyeaters (genera Philemon and 63.0 5.5 AlorGroup . - 57.5 42.5 Meliphaga) and the cockatoe (Cacatua) reach Lombok, but not Bali.' The faunal difference on eitherside of Makassar Strait is even more and butterflies86 per cent. In birdsthe figureis striking:A rich Orientalfauna on Borneo and a slightlylower. Among 74 species of Passerine marsupia'l(Phalanger) on Celebes. It was on the birds 67.6 per cent are western. The percentage basis of such data that Wallace came to the con- for the old endemics (genera and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Seasonal Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll-A Concentration in the South of Makassar Strait
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Environmental Sciences 33 ( 2016 ) 583 – 599 The 2nd International Symposium on LAPAN-IPB Satellite for Food Security and Environmental Monitoring 2015, LISAT-FSEM 2015 The seasonal variability of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration in the south of Makassar Strait Bisman Nababan*, Novilia Rosyadi, Djisman Manurung, Nyoman M. Natih, and Romdonul Hakim Department of Marine Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Lingkar Akademik, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia Abstract The sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) variabilities in the south of Makassar Strait were mostly affected by monsoonal wind speed/directions and riverine freshwater inflows. The east-southeast (ESE) wind (May-October) played a major role in an upwelling formation in the region starting in the southern tip of the southern Sulawesi Island. Of the 17 years time period, the variability of the SST values ranged from 25.7°C (August 2004) - 30.89°C (March 2007). An upwelling initiation typically occurred in early May when ESE wind speed was at <5 m/s, a fully developed upwelling event usually occurred in June when ESE wind speed reached >5 m/s, whereas the largest upwelling event always occurred in August of each year. Upwelling event generally diminished in September and terminated in October. At the time of the maximum upwelling events (August), the formation of upwelling could be observed up to about 330 km toward the southwest of the southern tip of the Sulawesi island. Interannually, El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) intensified the upwelling event during the east season through an intensification of the ESE wind speed.
    [Show full text]
  • Biogeography of Indonesia
    27/11/2011 BIOGEOGRAPHY OF INDONESIA Ani Mardiastuti MESOZOIC ERA (200 million years ago) 1 27/11/2011 Distribution of Ratites Distance does not matter 2 27/11/2011 CONTINENTAL DRIFT AND ANIMAL DISTRIBUTION Biogeographic Regions Sclater—Birds, Marine Mammals Wallace—Terrestrial Mammals Hooker—Plants 3 27/11/2011 The World‟s Zoogeographic Regions from Time to Time FATHER OF BIOGEOGRAPHY Philip Lutley Sclater 4 27/11/2011 Zoogeographic Regions 5 27/11/2011 6 27/11/2011 Zoogeographic Region 1. Holarctic (Palearctic plus Nearctic) a. Palearctic Europe, North Africa (to Sahara), Asia (except India, Pakistan and SE Asia) and Middle East. Number of vertebrate families = 42; Endemics families = 0. b. Nearctic Canada, USA, Mexico to tropics Number of families = 37; endemics = 2. 2. Neotropical Tropical Mexico south to South America, Antilles Number of families = 50; endemics = 19. 7 27/11/2011 3. Ethiopian Madagascar, Africa south of the Sahara, southern Arabian Peninsula Number of families = 52; endemics = 18. 4. Oriental Pakistan, India, Southeast Asia, Philippines, Indonesia west of Wallace's line (Sumatra, Java, Borneo) Number of families = 50; endemics = 4. 5. Australian Australia, New Guinea, Tasmania, Indonesian Islands east of Wallace's line (Celebes, Timor, etc.) NOTE: does not include New Zealand Number of families = 28; endemics = 17. 6. Oceanic Oceans of the world and truly oceanic, isolated, small islands 8 27/11/2011 Alfred Russel Wallace 9 27/11/2011 10 27/11/2011 Endemic Fauna of Sulawesi 11 27/11/2011 Zoogeographic Regions for Marine Species (based on marine mammals) 12 27/11/2011 Phytogeographic Regions of the World Floristic Regions (Good‟s) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Lombok Island, Sumbawa Island, and Samalas Volcano
    ECOLE DOCTORALE DE GEOGRAPHIE DE PARIS (ED 4434) Laboratoire de Géographie Physique - UMR 8591 Doctoral Thesis in Geography Bachtiar Wahyu MUTAQIN IMPACTS GÉOMORPHIQUES DE L'ÉRUPTION DU SAMALAS EN 1257 LE LONG DU DÉTROIT D'ALAS, NUSA TENGGARA OUEST, INDONÉSIE Defense on: 11 December 2018 Supervised by : Prof. Franck LAVIGNE (Université Paris 1 – Panthhéon Sorbonne) Prof. HARTONO (Universitas Gadjah Mada) Rapporteurs : Prof. Hervé REGNAULD (Université de Rennes 2) Prof. SUWARDJI (Universitas Mataram) Examiners : Prof. Nathalie CARCAUD (AgroCampus Ouest) Dr. Danang Sri HADMOKO (Universitas Gadjah Mada) 1 Abstract As the most powerful event in Lombok’s recent eruptive history, volcanic materials that were expelled by the Samalas volcano in 1257 CE covered the entire of Lombok Island and are widespread in its eastern part. Almost 800 years after the eruption, the geomorphological impact of this eruption on the island of Lombok remains unknown, whereas its overall climatic and societal consequences are now better understood. A combination of stratigraphic information, present-day topography, geophysical measurement with two-dimensional resistivity profiling technique, local written sources, as well as laboratory and computational analysis, were used to obtain detailed information concerning geomorphic impacts of the 1257 CE eruption of Samalas volcano on the coastal area along the Alas Strait in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. This study provides new information related to the geomorphic impact of a major eruption volcanic in coastal areas, in this case, on the eastern part of Lombok and the western coast of Sumbawa. In the first place, the study result shows that since the 1257 CE eruption, the landscape on the eastern part of Lombok is still evolved until the present time.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Investigation of the Energy Potential from Tidal Stream
    INVESTIGATION OF THE ENERGY POTENTIAL FROM TIDAL STREAM CURRENTS IN INDONESIA Kadir Orhan1, Roberto Mayerle1, Rangaswami Narayanan1 and Wahyu Widodo Pandoe2 In this paper, an advanced methodology developed for the assessment of tidal stream resources is applied to several straits between Indian Ocean and inner Indonesian seas. Due to the high current velocities up to 3-4 m/s, the straits are particularly promising for the efficient generation of electric power. Tidal stream power potentials are evaluated on the basis of calibrated and validated high-resolution, three-dimensional numerical models. It was found that the straits under investigation have tremendous potential for the development of renewable energy production. Suitable locations for the installation of the turbines are identified in all the straits, and sites have been ranked based on the level of power density. Maximum power densities are observed in the Bali Strait, exceeding around 10kw/m2. Horizontal axis tidal turbines with a cut-in velocity of 1m/s are considered in the estimations. The highest total extractable power resulted equal to about 1,260MW in the Strait of Alas. Preliminary assessments showed that the power production at the straits under investigation is likely to exceed previous predictions reaching around 5,000MW. Keywords: renewable energy; tidal stream currents; numerical model; Indonesia INTRODUCTION The global energy supply is facing severe challenges in terms of long-term sustainability, fossil fuel reserve exhaustion, global warming and other energy related environmental concerns, geopolitical and military conflicts surrounding oil rich countries, and secure supply of energy. Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, wave and tidal energy are capable of meeting the present and future energy demands with ease without inflicting any considerable damage to global ecosystem (Asif et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Cyclone Cempaka 'Visiting' Indonesia Right After Facing Bali's
    Tropical Cyclone Cempaka ‘Visiting’ Indonesia Right after facing Bali's Mount Agung eruption, Indonesia encounters another natural event when tropical cyclone ‘Cempaka’ hits Indonesia on 27th November 2017. Jakarta- Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (TCWC) Jakarta detected a tropical cyclone developing very close to the Southern Coast of Java. The tropical cyclone named ‘Cempaka’, has made BMKG to warn the public to prepare for extreme weather impacts for the next three days. BMKG inform the public that there are some extreme conditions causes by Cempaka such as heavy reainfall, strong winds and thunderstorms that will hit some areas of Indonesia. These heavy rains with strong winds up to 30 knots will hit Jakarta, West Java, Central Java Tengah, Yogyakarta, East Java, Kangean Island, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, and the Southern part of Java Sea. TCWC Jakarta predicts that Cempaka will remain for the next two to three days. TCWC also sending alert to public about high wave potential cause by this cyclone that up to 2.5 - 6 meters in, South Coast of East Java, the Eastern part of Java Sea, Bali Waters, Bali Strait, Alas Strait, Southern part of Lombok Strait, and Sumbawa Sea. BMKG issued warning to the public and advised people to remain calm but be aware about the following impacts that can be caused by the cyclone, such as floods, landslides, flash floods, puddles, strong winds, fallen trees, and slippery roads. Flight activities at several airports in Java may also be affected due to heavy rain and strong winds. Due to possible high sea waves, people and passing vessels are encouraged to remain on alert, especially traditional fishermen operating in the Southern Waters of Java.
    [Show full text]
  • The Malay Archipelago
    BOOKS & ARTS COMMENT The Malay Archipelago: the land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise; a IN RETROSPECT narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE The Malay Macmillan/Harper Brothers: first published 1869. lfred Russel Wallace was arguably the greatest field biologist of the nine- Archipelago teenth century. He played a leading Apart in the founding of both evolutionary theory and biogeography (see page 162). David Quammen re-enters the ‘Milky Way of He was also, at times, a fine writer. The best land masses’ evoked by Alfred Russel Wallace’s of his literary side is on show in his 1869 classic, The Malay Archipelago, a wondrous masterpiece of biogeography. book of travel and adventure that wears its deeper significance lightly. The Malay Archipelago is the vast chain of islands stretching eastward from Sumatra for more than 6,000 kilometres. Most of it now falls within the sovereignties of Malaysia and Indonesia. In Wallace’s time, it was a world apart, a great Milky Way of land masses and seas and straits, little explored by Europeans, sparsely populated by peoples of diverse cul- tures, and harbouring countless species of unknown plant and animal in dense tropical forests. Some parts, such as the Aru group “Wallace paid of islands, just off the his expenses coast of New Guinea, by selling ERNST MAYR LIB., MUS. COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, HARVARD UNIV. HARVARD ZOOLOGY, LIB., MUS. COMPARATIVE MAYR ERNST were almost legend- specimens. So ary for their remote- he collected ness and biological series, not just riches. Wallace’s jour- samples.” neys throughout this region, sometimes by mail packet ship, some- times in a trading vessel or a small outrigger canoe, were driven by a purpose: to collect animal specimens that might help to answer a scientific question.
    [Show full text]
  • Sepia Bandensis Adam, 1939 Fig
    72 FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 1 Sepia bandensis Adam, 1939 Fig. 122; Plate IV, 21–22 Sepia bandensis Adam, 1939b. Bulletin du Musée royal d’Histoire naturelle de Belgique, 15(18): 1 [type locality: Indonesia: Banda Sea, Banda Neira]. Frequent Synonyms: Sepia baxteri (Iredale, 1940) and Sepia bartletti (Iredale, 1954) are possible synonyms. Misidentifications: None. FAO Names: En – Stumpy cuttlefish; Fr – Seiche trapue; Sp – Sepia achaparrada. Diagnostic Features: Club with 5 suckers in transverse rows, central 3 suckers enlarged. Swimming keel extends beyond base of club. Dorsal and ventral protective membranes joined at base of club, separated from stalk by a membrane. Cuttlebone outline broad, oval; bone bluntly rounded anteriorly and posteriorly; dorsal surface evenly convex; calcified with reticulate sculpture; dorsal median and lateral ribs absent. Spine reduced to tiny, blunt tubercle. Sulcus shallow, narrow, extends along striated zone only. Anterior striae are inverted U-shape. Inner cone limbs are narrow anteriorly, broaden posteriorly, slightly convex; outer cone narrow anteriorly, broadens posteriorly. Dorsal mantle has longitudinal row of ridge-like papillae along each side, adjacent to base of each fin and scattered short ridges dorsal to cuttlebone dorsal view ventral view (corresponding to whitish bars). Head tentacular club cuttlebone and arms with short, scattered, bar-like (illustrations: K. Hollis) papillae positioned dorsally and laterally. Colour: Light brown, or Fig. 122 Sepia bandensis greenish yellow-brown when fresh, and with whitish mottle. Head with scattered white spots. Dorsal mantle has white blotches concentrated into short, longitudinal bars. It often shows a pair of brown patches on the posterior end of the mantle, often accompanied by white patches over the eye orbits.
    [Show full text]
  • Dutch East Indies)
    .1" >. -. DS 6/5- GOiENELL' IJNIVERSIT> LIBRARIES riilACA, N. Y. 1483 M. Echols cm Soutbeast. Asia M. OLIN LIBRARY CORNELL UNIVERSITY LlflfiAfiY 3 1924 062 748 995 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924062748995 I.D. 1209 A MANUAL OF NETHERLANDS INDIA (DUTCH EAST INDIES) Compiled by the Geographical Section of the Naval Intelligence Division, Naval Staff, Admiralty LONDON : - PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE. To be purchased through any Bookseller or directly from H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses: Imperial House, Kinqswat, London, W.C. 2, and ,28 Abingdon Street, London, S.W.I; 37 Peter Street, Manchester; 1 St. Andrew's Crescent, Cardiff; 23 Forth Street, Edinburgh; or from E. PONSONBY, Ltd., 116 Grafton Street, Dublin. Price 10s. net Printed under the authority of His Majesty's Stationery Office By Frederick Hall at the University Press, Oxford. ill ^ — CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE I. Introduction and General Survey . 9 The Malay Archipelago and the Dutch possessions—Area Physical geography of the archipelago—Frontiers and adjacent territories—Lines of international communication—Dutch progress in Netherlands India (Relative importance of Java Summary of economic development—Administrative and economic problems—Comments on Dutch administration). II. Physical Geography and Geology . .21 Jaya—Islands adjacent to Java—Sumatra^^Islands adja- — cent to Sumatra—Borneo ^Islands —adjacent to Borneo CeLel3^—Islands adjacent to Celebes ^The Mpluoeas—^Dutoh_ QQ New Guinea—^Islands adjacent to New Guinea—Leaser Sunda Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Troll Line Neritic Tunas Fisheries in Alas Strait, East Lombok (Fma 573)
    IOTC-2015-WPNT05-12 TROLL LINE NERITIC TUNAS FISHERIES IN ALAS STRAIT, EAST LOMBOK (FMA 573) Prawira A.R.P. Tampubolon, Ririk Kartika Sulistyaningsih, Budi Nugraha Research Institute for Tuna Fisheries, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia ABSTRAK The potential of fish resources in the waters of the Indian Ocean in south of Java to the Nusa Tenggara amounted to 491.7 thousand tons per year which is 40.95 % of them (about 201.4 thousand tons per year) is large pelagic fish such as Tunas. The coastal area of Tanjung Luar, which located, which is located in Keruak District, East Lombok, is one of the centers of small -scale tuna fisheries in West Nusa Tenggara. One of the fishing fleet which is developed at Tanjung Luar to exploit the resources of tuna is “jukung/ketinting”. The fleet has a variety of gear types. The objectives of this this study was to describe the diversity of fishing gear, fishing locations, the composition of the catch, CPUE, length distribution, length - weight relationship of neritic tuna caugh and water temperature information based on data from the observer trip report in 2014. Data was collected through observation in June, August and October 2014 at the Fish Landing Base of Tanjung Luar. Observations were carried out by following the one day of fishing activity. In a total, there were 38 trips to obtain the data. Biological aspects of the collected data covering the length and weight of the fish caught. Water temperature at the location of the data collection area is obtained by using minilogger.
    [Show full text]
  • Australia-SE Asia Collision, the Wallace Line and Wallacea Robert Hall
    Australia-SE Asia collision, the Wallace Line and Wallacea Robert Hall SE Asia Research Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK Today, Australia is colliding with the SE Asian part of Eurasian plate. Sadly, the expression of this collision, and the subduction that led up to it, has become known to the world because of the devastation caused by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions in the region and the consequent loss of life. However, the collision zone in eastern Indonesia is fascinating to earth scientists because we can observe the processes that lead to the formation of mountains, and to life scientists because the islands of the region, and the seas around them, contain an exceptionally diverse and unusual fauna and flora. Life and geology are intimately linked in this region. Eastern Indonesia illustrates mountain building in progress. 45 million years ago Australia began to move rapidly north, and from that time there was subduction beneath the SE Asia margin from Sumatra eastwards. In the Early Miocene, at about 23 million years ago, an Australian continental promontory collided with the SE Asian margin in eastern Indonesia and the collision continues today. However, collision has not led simply to elevation of mountains but to a topographic mixture of high mountains and deep basins. Since 15 million years ago subduction of oceanic lithosphere in the Banda region has caused major extension, and later there was collision of the Banda volcanic arc with the southern margin of the embayment. In the Sulawesi region and Banda Arc islands there has been dramatic uplift and subsidence in the last 5 million years.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Studies in Marine Science the Distribution of Radiocesium In
    Regional Studies in Marine Science 25 (2019) 100496 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Regional Studies in Marine Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/rsma The distribution of radiocesium in the Indian ocean and its relation to the exit passage of the Indonesian Throughflow ∗ Ali Alkatiri a,b, Heny Suseno c, , Sumi Hudiyono d, Setyo Sarwanto Moersidik e a School of Environmental Science, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia b Technology Center for Marine Survey, Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology, Indonesia c Marine Radioecology Group, Center for Radiation Safety Technology and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Indonesia d Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia e Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia h i g h l i g h t s • Potential sources of anthropogenic radiocesium from North Pacific Sea. • Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) can brings water mass from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean. • The Southern Bali Waters and the Southern Lombok waters are exit passages of ITF. • Marine monitoring of radiocesium in the exit passage of Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). article info a b s t r a c t Article history: The objective of this study was to determine the presence of radiocesium (134Cs and 137Cs) at the Received 2 May 2018 monitoring sites and to link its presence to the characteristics and mass water dynamics at the exit of Received in revised form 27 December 2018 the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). The main sources of radiocesium are from human activities in the Accepted 27 December 2018 North Pacific Sea, such as from global fallout and release from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Available online 2 January 2019 (FDNPP) reactor, and are potentially brought to Indonesian waters through the Indonesian Throughflow Keywords: mechanism.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence of Unknown Paleo-Tsunami Events Along the Alas Strait, West Sumbawa, Indonesia
    geosciences Article Evidence of Unknown Paleo-Tsunami Events along the Alas Strait, West Sumbawa, Indonesia Bachtiar W. Mutaqin 1,2,* , Franck Lavigne 2,* , Patrick Wassmer 2,3, Martine Trautmann 3 , Puncak Joyontono 1 , Christopher Gomez 4 , Bagus Septiangga 5, Jean-Christophe Komorowski 6, Junun Sartohadi 7 and Danang Sri Hadmoko 1 1 Coastal and Watershed Research Group, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; [email protected] (P.J.); [email protected] (D.S.H.) 2 Laboratoire de Géographie Physique, Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne, 75231 Paris, France; [email protected] 3 Faculté de Géographie et d’Aménagement, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; [email protected] 4 Department of Maritime Sciences, Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan; [email protected] 5 Directorate General of Water Resources, Ministry of Public Works and Housing, Jakarta 12110, Indonesia; [email protected] 6 Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris UMR 7154, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France; [email protected] 7 Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (B.W.M.); [email protected] (F.L.) Abstract: Indonesia is exposed to earthquakes, volcanic activities, and associated tsunamis. This is particularly the case for Lombok and Sumbawa Islands in West Nusa Tenggara, where evidence of Citation: Mutaqin, B.W.; Lavigne, F.; tsunamis is frequently observed in its coastal sedimentary record. If the 1815 CE Tambora eruption Wassmer, P.; Trautmann, M.; on Sumbawa Island generated a tsunami with well-identified traces on the surrounding islands, little Joyontono, P.; Gomez, C.; Septiangga, is known about the consequences of the 1257 CE tremendous eruption of Samalas on the neighboring B.; Komorowski, J.-C.; Sartohadi, J.; islands, and especially about the possible tsunamis generated in reason of a paucity of research on Hadmoko, D.S.
    [Show full text]