List of Major Straits of the World
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A Modified Sverdrup Model of the Atlantic and Caribbean Circulation
MARCH 2002 WAJSOWICZ 973 A Modi®ed Sverdrup Model of the Atlantic and Caribbean Circulation ROXANA C. WAJSOWICZ* Department of Meteorology, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland (Manuscript received 9 October 2000, in ®nal form 6 August 2001) ABSTRACT An analytical model of the mean wind-driven circulation of the North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea is constructed based on linear dynamics and assumed existence of a level of no motion above all topography. The circulation around each island is calculated using the island rule, which is extended to describe an arbitrary length chain of overlapping islands. Frictional effects in the intervening straits are included by assuming a linear dependence on strait transport. Asymptotic expansions in the limit of strong and weak friction show that the transport streamfunction on an island boundary is dependent on wind stress over latitudes spanning the whole length of the island chain and spanning just immediately adjacent islands, respectively. The powerfulness of the method in enabling the wind stress bands, which determine a particular strait transport, to be readily identi®ed, is demonstrated by a brief explanation of transport similarities and differences in earlier numerical models forced by various climatological wind stress products. In the absence of frictional effects outside western boundary layers, some weaker strait transports are in the wrong direction (e.g., Santaren Channel) and others are too large (e.g., Old Bahama Channel). Also, there is no western boundary current to the east of Abaco Island. Including frictional effects in the straits enables many of these discrepancies to be resolved. -
Seasonal Fluctuations in the Surface Salinity Along the Coast of the Southern Part of Kalimantan (Borneo)
Mar. Res. Indonesia Vol.4, 1959: 1-25 SEASONAL FLUCTUATIONS IN THE SURFACE SALINITY ALONG THE COAST OF THE SOUTHERN PART OF KALIMANTAN (BORNEO). by Miss SJARMILAH SJARIF. SUMMARY The westerly current of the Java Sea from the southeast is branched to the north, along the eastcoast of Kalimantan (Borneo) as far as Cape Mangkalihat. This current brings high saline water, over 34.0°/oo, and in- creases the salinity along the coast of the southern part of Kalimantan, working together with the decreasing rains. In the westmonsoon, when the westward current has retreated and the easterly current from the South China Sea has developed, the northerly current along the eastcoast is replaced by a southerly current, from ,the Pacific. Under influence of the increasing rains and the large outflow of the rivers in the southern part of Kalimantan the salinity decreases rapidly, until a minimum value. This minimum is found irregularly during the diffferent months of the westmonsoon or the succeeding transition period. The lowest values are found in Sukadana Bay (29.0°/oo) and off Bandjarmasin (± 24.0°/oo). The further from this place, the higher the values. The maximum salinity is found during the months September and October in accordance with the minimum rainfall. The highest values are found in the eastern part of the investigated area (34.5°/oo). To the west it is lower, the more it is mixed with the low-saline water of the Java Sea. The salinity in the Karimata Strait is about 33.0 to 33.5°/oo. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG. Der nach Westen fuhrende Strom der Java See zweigt von Sudosten kommend entlang der Ostkuste Kalimantan (Borneo) nach Norden ab und reicht bis Kap Mangkalihat. -
Paleocene Alkaline Volcanism in the Nares Strait Region Related to Strike-Slip Tectonics
Paleocene Alkaline Volcanism in the Nares Strait Region Related to Strike-slip Tectonics Solveig Estrada & Detlef Damaske Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hannover, Germany ([email protected]) The tectonic development of the North Atlantic, the Labrador Sea/Baffin Bay and the Eurasian Basin of Arctic Ocean led to relative movements between the Greenland Plate and the North American Plate. There has been a debate for many years, whether the Nares Strait between northwest Greenland and Ellesmere Island marks an ancient plate boundary in terms of a left-lateral transform fault (Wegener Fault) or whether there was no movement between Greenland and Ellesmere Island at all. New data were acquired during joint German-Canadian geological field work on northeast Ellesmere Island 1998-2000 (Mayr 2008), followed in 2001 by a geoscience cruise in Nares Strait (Tessensohn et al. 2006). Indications for sinistral strike-slip movements followed by compressive tectonics were found at the western margin of northern Nares Strait (Saalmann et al. 2005). Paleogene basins on Judge Daly Promontory, northeast Ellesmere Island, are bounded by a complex pattern of strike-slip and thrust faults. The clastic sediments in the basins are rich in volcanogenic material. Volcanic pebbles within the Cape Back basin near Nares Strait are derived from lava flows and ignimbrites of a continental rift-related, strongly differentiated, highly incompatible element enriched, alkaline volcanic suite (Estrada et al. 2009). 40Ar/39Ar amphibole and alkali feldspar ages indicate that volcanism was active around 61–58 Ma and was probably contemporaneous with sedimentation within the Paleogene pull-apart basins on Judge Daly Promontory formed by sinistral strike-slip tectonics parallel to the present-day Nares Strait. -
Marine Megafauna Surveys for Ecotourism Potential
1 Marine Megafauna Surveys in Timor Leste: Identifying Opportunities for Potential Ecotourism – Final Report Date: November 2012 Acknowledgement This collaborative project was funded and supported by the Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries (MAF), Government of Timor Leste and ATSEF Australia partners, the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) and the Northern Territory Government, former Department of Natural Resources, Environment, the Arts and Sport (NRETAS) (now Department of Land Resource Management), and undertaken by the following researchers: Kiki Dethmers (NRETAS), Ray Chatto (NRETAS), Mark Meekan (AIMS), Anselmo Lopes Amaral (MAF-Fisheries), Celestino Barreto de Cunha (MAF-Fisheries), Narciso Almeida de Carvalho (MAF-Fisheries), Karen Edyvane (NRETAS-CDU). Café e Floressta Agricultura Pescas Loro Matan This project is a recognised project under the Arafura Timor Seas Experts Forum (ATSEF). Citation This document should be cited as: Dethmers K, Chatto R, Meekan M, Amaral A, de Cunha C, de Carvalho N, Edyvane K (2012). Marine Megafauna Surveys in Timor Leste: Identifying Opportunities for Potential Ecotourism – Final Report. Project 3 of the Timor Leste Coastal-Marine Habitat Mapping, Tourism and Fisheries Development Project. Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries, Government of Timor Leste. © Copyright of the Government of Timor Leste, 2012. Printed by Uniprint NT, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia. Permission to copy is granted provided the source is acknowledged. ISBN 978-1-74350-013-2 978-989-8635-04-4 (Timor Leste) (paper) 978-989-8635-05-1 (Timor Leste) (pdf) Copyright of Photographs Cover Photographs: Kiki Dethmers 2 Acknowledgements The marine megafauna surveys were part of the „Timor-Leste Coastal/Marine Habitat Mapping, Tourism and Fisheries Development Project‟ funded by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MAF) of Timor Leste. -
Cruise Report W-48 Scientific Activities Undertaken Aboard R/V Westward Woods Hole
Cruise Report W-48 Scientific Activities Undertaken Aboard R/V Westward Woods Hole - St. Thomas 10 October - 21 November 1979 ff/lh Westward (R.Long) • Sea Education Association - Woods Hole, Massachusetts " CRUISE REPORT W-48 Scientific Activities Woods Hole - Antigua - St. Lucia - Bequia - St. Thomas 10 October 1979 - 21 November 1979 R/V Westward Sea Education Association ',,, Woods Hole, Massachusetts .. SHIPBOARD DRAFT .. ----------------------- - ( PREFACE This Cruise Report is written in an attempt to accomplish two objectives. Firstly, and more importantly, it presents a brief outline of the scientific research completed aboard R/V Westward during W-48. Reports of the status of on-going projects and of the traditional academic program are presented. In addition, abstracts from the research projects of each student are included. Secondly, for those of us that participated, it represents the product of our efforts and contains a record of other events that were an important part of the trip, in particular the activities during port stops. Once again, lowe special thanks to Abby Ames, who was in charge of the shipboard laboratory, and upon whom I was able to depend through out the cruise. Her effectiveness and perseverance under the difficult working conditions at sea, and her cheerful attitude and enthusiasm were greatly appreciated by us all. Rob Nawojchik, who participated as an Assistant Scientist, added a new field of interest to the cruise with his vast knowledge of ichthyology. The energy with which he pursued his interest and his enthusiasm for the subject, set an example for us all. Two visiting scholars participated in different legs of this cruise. -
Chapter 8 Polar Bear Harvesting in Baffin Bay and Kane Basin: a Summary of Historical Harvest and Harvest Reporting, 1993 to 2014
Chapter 8 SWG Final Report CHAPTER 8 POLAR BEAR HARVESTING IN BAFFIN BAY AND KANE BASIN: A SUMMARY OF HISTORICAL HARVEST AND HARVEST REPORTING, 1993 TO 2014 KEY FINDINGS Both Canada (Nunavut) and Greenland harvest from the shared subpopulations of polar • bears in Baffin Bay and Kane Basin. During 1993-2005 (i.e., before quotas were introduced in Greenland) the combined • annual harvest averaged 165 polar bears (range: 120-268) from the Baffin Bay subpopulation and 12 polar bears (range: 6-26) from Kane Basin (for several of the years, harvest reported from Kane Basin was based on an estimate). During 2006-2014 the combined annual harvest averaged 161 (range: 138-176) from • Baffin Bay and 6 (range: 3-9) polar bears from Kane Basin. Total harvest peaked between 2002 and 2005 coinciding with several events in harvest • reporting and harvest management in both Canada and Greenland. In Baffin Bay the sex ratio of the combined harvest has remained around 2:1 (male: • females) with an annual mean of 35% females amongst independent bears. In Kane Basin the sex composition of the combined harvest was 33% females overall for • the period 1993-2014. The estimated composition of the harvest since the introduction of a quota in Greenland is 44% female but the factual basis for estimation of the sex ratio in the harvest is weak. In Greenland the vast majority of bears are harvested between January and June in Baffin • Bay and Kane Basin whereas in Nunavut ca. 40% of the harvest in Baffin Bay is in the summer to fall (August – November) while bears are on or near shore. -
Indonesia Weather Bulletin for Shipping
BADAN METEOROLOGI KLIMATOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA STASIUN METEOROLOGI MARITIM KLAS I TANJUNG PRIOK Jln. Padamarang no. 4A Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok Jakarta 14310 Telp. 43912041, 43901650, 4351366 Fax. 4351366 Email : [email protected] BMKG TANJUNG PRIOK, JUNE 16, 2015 INDONESIA WEATHER BULLETIN FOR SHIPPING I. PART ONE : NIL II. PART TWO : SYNOPTIC WEATHER ANALYSIS : FOR 00.00 UTC DATE JUNE 16, 2015 - GENERAL SITUATION WEAK TO MODERATE SOUTHEAST TO WEST WINDS. - INTER TROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE [ I.T.C.Z. ] PASSING OVER : NIL. - CONVERGENCE LINE (C.L.) PASSING OVER : SOUTH CHINA SEA, AND NORTH HALMAHERA PACIFIC OCEAN. - LOW PRESSURE AREA : NIL. III. PART THREE : SEA AREA FORECAST VALID 24 HOURS FROM : 10. 00 UTC DATE JUNE 16, 2015 AS FOLLOWS : A. WEATHER : 1. THE POSSIBILITY OF SCATTERED TO OVERCAST AND MODERATE RAIN OCCASIONALLY FOLLOWED BY THUNDERSTORM COULD OCCUR THE OVER AREAS OF : LHOKSEUMAWE WATERS, MALACA STRAIT, ANAMBAS- NATUNA ISLANDS WATERS, NATUNA SEA, RIAU ISLANDS WATERS, LINGGA ISLANDS WATERS, SINGKAWANG WATERS, TARAKAN WATERS, BALIKPAPAN WATERS, BITUNG-MANADO WATERS, SANGIHE-TALAUD ISLANDS WATERS, MALUKU SEA, HALMAHERA ISLANDS WATERS, HALMAHERA SEA, SULA ISLANDS WATERS, SORONG WATERS, CENDRAWASIH GULF, SARMI-JAYAPURA ISLANDS WATERS AND AMAMAPARE WATERS. 2. THE POSSIBILITY OF SCATTERED TO BROKEN CLOUDS AND RAIN OR LOCAL RAIN COULD OCCUR THE OVER AREAS OF : SIMEULUE-MEULABOH WATERS, SIBOLGA-NIAS ISLANDS WATERS, WEST SUMATRA AND MENTAWAI ISLANDS WATERS, BANGKA STRAIT, NORTH PANGKAL PINANG WATERS, KARIMATA STRAIT, PONTIANAK WATERS, KETAPANG WATERS, KOTABARU WATERS, MAKASAR STRAIT, NORTHERN SULAWESI ISLAND WATERS, TOMINI GULF, BANGGAI ISLANDS WATERS, SERAM SEA, MANOKWARI WATERS AND BIAK WATERS. B. WINDS DIRECTION AND SPEED FROM SURFACE UP TO 3000 FEET : WINDS OVER INDONESIA WATERS, NORTHERN EQUATOR GENERALLY SOUTHEAST TO SOUTHWEST AND SOUTHERN EQUATOR GENERALLY SOUTHEAST TO WEST AT ABOUT 3 TO 25 KNOTS. -
Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles of the Mediterranean and Black Seas
Marine mammals and sea turtles of the Mediterranean and Black Seas MEDITERRANEAN AND BLACK SEA BASINS Main seas, straits and gulfs in the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins, together with locations mentioned in the text for the distribution of marine mammals and sea turtles Ukraine Russia SEA OF AZOV Kerch Strait Crimea Romania Georgia Slovenia France Croatia BLACK SEA Bosnia & Herzegovina Bulgaria Monaco Bosphorus LIGURIAN SEA Montenegro Strait Pelagos Sanctuary Gulf of Italy Lion ADRIATIC SEA Albania Corsica Drini Bay Spain Dardanelles Strait Greece BALEARIC SEA Turkey Sardinia Algerian- TYRRHENIAN SEA AEGEAN SEA Balearic Islands Provençal IONIAN SEA Syria Basin Strait of Sicily Cyprus Strait of Sicily Gibraltar ALBORAN SEA Hellenic Trench Lebanon Tunisia Malta LEVANTINE SEA Israel Algeria West Morocco Bank Tunisian Plateau/Gulf of SirteMEDITERRANEAN SEA Gaza Strip Jordan Suez Canal Egypt Gulf of Sirte Libya RED SEA Marine mammals and sea turtles of the Mediterranean and Black Seas Compiled by María del Mar Otero and Michela Conigliaro The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. Published by Compiled by María del Mar Otero IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Spain © IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Malaga, Spain Michela Conigliaro IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Spain Copyright © 2012 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources With the support of Catherine Numa IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Spain Annabelle Cuttelod IUCN Species Programme, United Kingdom Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the sources are fully acknowledged. -
The Seasonal Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll-A Concentration in the South of Makassar Strait
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Environmental Sciences 33 ( 2016 ) 583 – 599 The 2nd International Symposium on LAPAN-IPB Satellite for Food Security and Environmental Monitoring 2015, LISAT-FSEM 2015 The seasonal variability of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration in the south of Makassar Strait Bisman Nababan*, Novilia Rosyadi, Djisman Manurung, Nyoman M. Natih, and Romdonul Hakim Department of Marine Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Lingkar Akademik, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia Abstract The sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) variabilities in the south of Makassar Strait were mostly affected by monsoonal wind speed/directions and riverine freshwater inflows. The east-southeast (ESE) wind (May-October) played a major role in an upwelling formation in the region starting in the southern tip of the southern Sulawesi Island. Of the 17 years time period, the variability of the SST values ranged from 25.7°C (August 2004) - 30.89°C (March 2007). An upwelling initiation typically occurred in early May when ESE wind speed was at <5 m/s, a fully developed upwelling event usually occurred in June when ESE wind speed reached >5 m/s, whereas the largest upwelling event always occurred in August of each year. Upwelling event generally diminished in September and terminated in October. At the time of the maximum upwelling events (August), the formation of upwelling could be observed up to about 330 km toward the southwest of the southern tip of the Sulawesi island. Interannually, El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) intensified the upwelling event during the east season through an intensification of the ESE wind speed. -
Tuna Fishing and a Review of Payaos in the Philippines
Session 1 - Regional syntheses Tuna fishing and a review of payaos in the Philippines Jonathan O. Dickson*1', Augusto C. Nativiclacl(2) (1) Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, 860 Arcadia Bldg., Quezon Avenue, Quezon City 3008, Philippines - [email protected] (2) Frabelle Fishing Company, 1051 North Bay Blvd., Navotas, Metro Manila, Philippines Abstract Payao is a traditional concept, which has been successfully commercialized to increase the landings of several species valuable to the country's export and local industries. It has become one of the most important developments in pelagic fishing that significantly contributed to increased tuna production and expansion of purse seine and other fishing gears. The introduction of the payao in tuna fishing in 1975 triggered the rapid development of the tuna and small pelagic fishery. With limited management schemes and strategies, however, unstable tuna and tuna-like species production was experienced in the 1980s and 1990s. In this paper, the evolution and development of the payao with emphasis on the technological aspect are reviewed. The present practices and techniques of payao in various parts of the country, including its structure, ownership, distribution, and fishing operations are discussed. Monitoring results of purse seine/ringnet operations including handline using payao in Celebes Sea and Western Luzon are presented to compare fishing styles and techniques, payao designs and species caught. The fishing gears in various regions of the country for harvesting payao are enumerated and discussed. The inshore and offshore payaos in terms of sea depth, location, designs, fishing methods and catch composi- tion are also compared. Fishing companies and fisherfolk associations involved in payao operation are presented to determine extent of uti- lization and involvement in the municipal and commercial sectors of the fishing industry. -
Ecology and Behaviour of Tarsius Syrichta in the Wild
O',F Tarsius syrichta ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR - IN BOHOL, PHILIPPINES: IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION By Irene Neri-Arboleda D.V.M. A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science Department of Applied and Molecular Ecology University of Adelaide, South Australia 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS DAge Title Page I Table of Contents............ 2 List of Tables..... 6 List of Figures.... 8 Acknowledgements... 10 Dedication 11 I)eclaration............ t2 Abstract.. 13 Chapter I GENERAL INTRODUCTION... l5 1.1 Philippine Biodiversity ........... t6 1.2 Thesis Format.... l9 1.3 Project Aims....... 20 Chapter 2 REVIEIV OF TARSIER BIOLOGY...... 2t 2.1 History and Distribution..... 22 2.t.1 History of Discovery... .. 22 2.1.2 Distribution...... 24 2.1.3 Subspecies of T. syrichta...... 24 2.2 Behaviour and Ecology.......... 27 2.2.1 Home Ranges. 27 2.2.2 Social Structure... 30 2.2.3 Reproductive Behaviour... 3l 2.2.4 Diet and Feeding Behaviour 32 2.2.5 Locomotion and Activity Patterns. 34 2.2.6 Population Density. 36 2.2.7 Habitat Preferences... ... 37 2.3 Summary of Review. 40 Chapter 3 FßLD SITE AI\D GEIYERAL METHODS.-..-....... 42 3.1 Field Site........ 43 3. 1.1 Geological History of the Philippines 43 3.1.2 Research Area: Corella, Bohol. 44 3.1.3 Physical Setting. 47 3.t.4 Climate. 47 3.1.5 Flora.. 50 3.1.6 Fauna. 53 3.1.7 Human Population 54 t page 3.1.8 Tourism 55 3.2 Methods.. 55 3.2.1 Mapping. -
7-Day / 6-Night Itinerary: Maumere to Alor Alor
Ultimate Indonesian Yachts 7-DAY / 6-NIGHT ITINERARY: MAUMERE TO ALOR Embark on a 7-day sailing sojourn in the mysterious Alor archipelago. This journey begins in Maumere and ends in Alor. ALOR ARCHIPELAGO The Alor archipelago is a series of rugged, volcanic islands stretching east of Bali, Sumbawa and Flores. It is perhaps most notable for its cultural diversity – the small archipelago is home to no less than 100 communities speaking 8 languages and 52 dialects. Dutch settlers fixed local rajas in the coastal areas after 1908, but were unable to penetrate the interior with its notorious fierce headhunters up until as late as the 1950s. This little-visited area remains known for its enduring indigenous animist traditions and the highland villages with their Moko drums. The many small villages in the vicinity are home to a welcoming and curious people, and visitors may also come across local spear fishermen sporting wooden framed goggles, setting traditional woven fish traps on the reefs. Among the islands surrounding Alor, deep channels make up part of the migratory route for many types of whales and the underwater landscape features breathtaking walls and coral gardens occupied by large schools of fish. These waters are notorious for powerful currents, particularly in the narrow straits between Pantar, Alor and Lembata, attracting predators from the deep. Off the Alor coast, Komba Island is home to the very active Batu Tara volcano, which billows smoke every half hour. www.ultimate-indonesian-yachts.com Ultimate Indonesian Yachts SAMPLE ITINERARY DAY 1: MAUMERE Upon arrival at the airport, you will be collected by your crew and transferred to your private yacht.