Recent Changes in the Freshwater Composition East of Greenland
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Paleocene Alkaline Volcanism in the Nares Strait Region Related to Strike-Slip Tectonics
Paleocene Alkaline Volcanism in the Nares Strait Region Related to Strike-slip Tectonics Solveig Estrada & Detlef Damaske Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hannover, Germany ([email protected]) The tectonic development of the North Atlantic, the Labrador Sea/Baffin Bay and the Eurasian Basin of Arctic Ocean led to relative movements between the Greenland Plate and the North American Plate. There has been a debate for many years, whether the Nares Strait between northwest Greenland and Ellesmere Island marks an ancient plate boundary in terms of a left-lateral transform fault (Wegener Fault) or whether there was no movement between Greenland and Ellesmere Island at all. New data were acquired during joint German-Canadian geological field work on northeast Ellesmere Island 1998-2000 (Mayr 2008), followed in 2001 by a geoscience cruise in Nares Strait (Tessensohn et al. 2006). Indications for sinistral strike-slip movements followed by compressive tectonics were found at the western margin of northern Nares Strait (Saalmann et al. 2005). Paleogene basins on Judge Daly Promontory, northeast Ellesmere Island, are bounded by a complex pattern of strike-slip and thrust faults. The clastic sediments in the basins are rich in volcanogenic material. Volcanic pebbles within the Cape Back basin near Nares Strait are derived from lava flows and ignimbrites of a continental rift-related, strongly differentiated, highly incompatible element enriched, alkaline volcanic suite (Estrada et al. 2009). 40Ar/39Ar amphibole and alkali feldspar ages indicate that volcanism was active around 61–58 Ma and was probably contemporaneous with sedimentation within the Paleogene pull-apart basins on Judge Daly Promontory formed by sinistral strike-slip tectonics parallel to the present-day Nares Strait. -
Chapter 8 Polar Bear Harvesting in Baffin Bay and Kane Basin: a Summary of Historical Harvest and Harvest Reporting, 1993 to 2014
Chapter 8 SWG Final Report CHAPTER 8 POLAR BEAR HARVESTING IN BAFFIN BAY AND KANE BASIN: A SUMMARY OF HISTORICAL HARVEST AND HARVEST REPORTING, 1993 TO 2014 KEY FINDINGS Both Canada (Nunavut) and Greenland harvest from the shared subpopulations of polar • bears in Baffin Bay and Kane Basin. During 1993-2005 (i.e., before quotas were introduced in Greenland) the combined • annual harvest averaged 165 polar bears (range: 120-268) from the Baffin Bay subpopulation and 12 polar bears (range: 6-26) from Kane Basin (for several of the years, harvest reported from Kane Basin was based on an estimate). During 2006-2014 the combined annual harvest averaged 161 (range: 138-176) from • Baffin Bay and 6 (range: 3-9) polar bears from Kane Basin. Total harvest peaked between 2002 and 2005 coinciding with several events in harvest • reporting and harvest management in both Canada and Greenland. In Baffin Bay the sex ratio of the combined harvest has remained around 2:1 (male: • females) with an annual mean of 35% females amongst independent bears. In Kane Basin the sex composition of the combined harvest was 33% females overall for • the period 1993-2014. The estimated composition of the harvest since the introduction of a quota in Greenland is 44% female but the factual basis for estimation of the sex ratio in the harvest is weak. In Greenland the vast majority of bears are harvested between January and June in Baffin • Bay and Kane Basin whereas in Nunavut ca. 40% of the harvest in Baffin Bay is in the summer to fall (August – November) while bears are on or near shore. -
ARCTIC Exploration the SEARCH for FRANKLIN
CATALOGUE THREE HUNDRED TWENTY-EIGHT ARCTIC EXPLORATION & THE SeaRCH FOR FRANKLIN WILLIAM REESE COMPANY 409 Temple Street New Haven, CT 06511 (203) 789-8081 A Note This catalogue is devoted to Arctic exploration, the search for the Northwest Passage, and the later search for Sir John Franklin. It features many volumes from a distinguished private collection recently purchased by us, and only a few of the items here have appeared in previous catalogues. Notable works are the famous Drage account of 1749, many of the works of naturalist/explorer Sir John Richardson, many of the accounts of Franklin search expeditions from the 1850s, a lovely set of Parry’s voyages, a large number of the Admiralty “Blue Books” related to the search for Franklin, and many other classic narratives. This is one of 75 copies of this catalogue specially printed in color. Available on request or via our website are our recent catalogues: 320 Manuscripts & Archives, 322 Forty Years a Bookseller, 323 For Readers of All Ages: Recent Acquisitions in Americana, 324 American Military History, 326 Travellers & the American Scene, and 327 World Travel & Voyages; Bulletins 36 American Views & Cartography, 37 Flat: Single Sig- nificant Sheets, 38 Images of the American West, and 39 Manuscripts; e-lists (only available on our website) The Annex Flat Files: An Illustrated Americana Miscellany, Here a Map, There a Map, Everywhere a Map..., and Original Works of Art, and many more topical lists. Some of our catalogues, as well as some recent topical lists, are now posted on the internet at www.reeseco.com. -
The Arctic Observing Network: Sustained Observations at the Davis Strait Gateway
The Arctic Observing Network: Sustained Observations at the Davis Strait Gateway PIs: C. M. Lee, J. I. Gobat, and K. M. Stafford University of Washington, Seattle, WA International Collaborators: B. Petrie and K. Azetsu-Scott Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Nova Scotia The Davis Strait observing program (Figure 1) has supported 22 published papers, with three more currently under review, three doctoral dissertations and several reports. Highlights from some of these results serve to illustrate the scientific role of long-term observations at the Davis Strait gateway. Six-year (2004-2010) monthly-mean sections of cross-strait velocity, temperature, and salinity from moorings and gliders (Curry et al. 2014) illustrate persistent features and a seasonal cycle (Figure 2). A sharp, persistent front separates the south-going Baffin Island Current from north-flowing waters composed of the upper- ocean West Greenland Current and the deeper West Greenland Slope Current. The cross-strait position of this important front varies seasonally and interannually, which strongly impacts flux calculations (Curry et al. 2011; Curry et al. 2014). Glider-based sections provide a well-resolved measure of frontal position and structure, and quantify seasonal changes in the upper ocean, addressing two large sources of uncertainty and resolving seasonal to interannual changes in important flow structures that were previously impractical to sample. The 2004-2013 monthly-mean net volume and freshwater flux through Davis Strait (Curry et al. 2014) has significant interannual variability, with only weak seasonality (due to phase cancellations in the water mass components that make up the mean) and no statistically significant trends. The 2004-2013 mean net volume and freshwater fluxes are -1.6±0.2 Sv and -94±7 mSv, respectively, with sea ice contributing -10±1 mSv of freshwater flux. -
Greenland Last Ice Area
kn Greenland Last Ice Area Potentials for hydrocarbon and mineral resources activities Mette Frost, WWF-DK Copenhagen, September 2014 Report Greenland Last Ice Area. Potentials for hydrocarbon and mineral resources activities. The report is written by Mette Frost, WWF Verdensnaturfonden. Published by WWF Verdensnaturfonden, Svanevej 12, 2400 København NV. Denmark. Phone +45 3536 3635 – E-mail: [email protected] WWF Global Arctic Programme, 275 Slater Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 5L4. Canada. Phone: +1 613 232 2535 Project The report has been developed under the Last Ice Area project, a joint project between WWF Canada, WWF Denmark and WWF Global Arctic Programme. Other WWF reports on Greenland – Last Ice Area Greenland Last Ice Area. Scoping study: socioeconomic and socio-cultural use of the Greenland LIA. By Pelle Tejsner, consultant and PhD. and Mette Frost, WWF-DK. November 2012. Seals in Greenland – an important component of culture and economy. By Eva Garde, WWF-DK. November 2013. Front page photo: Yellow house in Kullorsuaq, Qaasuitsup Kommunia, Greenland. July 2012. Mette Frost, WWF Verdensnaturfonden. The report can be downloaded from www.wwf.dk [1] CONTENTS Last Ice Area Introduction 4 Last Ice Area / Sikuusarfiit Nunngutaat 5 Last Ice Area/ Den Sidste Is 6 Summary 7 Eqikkaaneq 12 Sammenfatning 18 1. Introduction – scenarios for resources development within the Greenland LIA 23 1.1 Last Ice Area 23 1.2 Geology of the Greenland LIA 25 1.3 Climate change 30 2. Mining in a historical setting 32 2.1 Experiences with mining in Greenland 32 2.2 Resources development to the benefit of society 48 3. -
Ice Regime and Ice Transport in Nares Strait
Ice Regime and Ice Transport in Nares Strait MOIRA DUNBAR1 ABSTRACT. In order to assess the part played by ice export through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the heat budget of the Arctic Ocean, one of the factors that must be known is the length of time per year that the channels are sealed by fast ice. To establish this for Nares Strait a series of flights was undertaken through the winters of 1970-71 and 1971-72. The resulting observations, combined with a search of historical records, suggest that the dateof consolidation of ice in this channel tends to be late. A tentative calculation of annual export leads to the conclusion that the contribution of the Canadian channels may be greater than has been supposed. RfiSUMe. Rdgime et transport des glacesdans le ddtroit de Nares.Pour Bvaluer la part que jouel’exportation des glaces51 travers les chenaux arctiques dans lebilan thermique de l’océan Arctique, l‘un des facteurs qu’il faut connaître est la longueur de la pBriode annuelle pendantlaquelle les chenaux sont bloquBs par la glace fixBe. Pour le constater dans le d6troit de Nares, nous avons entrepris une sBrie d‘envolks pendant les hivers de 1970-1971 et 1971-1972. Nos observations, jointes à une recherche de données historiques, nous suggèrent que la datede consolidation de la glace dans ce chenal tend B être tardive. Un essai de calcul de l’exportation annuelle nous amène 51 conclure que la contribution des chenaux canadienspourrait êtreplus grande qu’on ne l’avait supposé. INTRODUCTION Estimates of ice transport out of the Arctic Ocean are quite varied, which is not surprising in view of the fact that they are based on a number of other factors, all of which are imperfectly known. -
Canada's Arctic Marine Atlas
Lincoln Sea Hall Basin MARINE ATLAS ARCTIC CANADA’S GREENLAND Ellesmere Island Kane Basin Nares Strait N nd ansen Sou s d Axel n Sve Heiberg rdr a up Island l Ch ann North CANADA’S s el I Pea Water ry Ch a h nnel Massey t Sou Baffin e Amund nd ISR Boundary b Ringnes Bay Ellef Norwegian Coburg Island Grise Fiord a Ringnes Bay Island ARCTIC MARINE z Island EEZ Boundary Prince i Borden ARCTIC l Island Gustaf E Adolf Sea Maclea Jones n Str OCEAN n ait Sound ATLANTIC e Mackenzie Pe Ball nn antyn King Island y S e trait e S u trait it Devon Wel ATLAS Stra OCEAN Q Prince l Island Clyde River Queens in Bylot Patrick Hazen Byam gt Channel o Island Martin n Island Ch tr. Channel an Pond Inlet S Bathurst nel Qikiqtarjuaq liam A Island Eclipse ust Lancaster Sound in Cornwallis Sound Hecla Ch Fitzwil Island and an Griper nel ait Bay r Resolute t Melville Barrow Strait Arctic Bay S et P l Island r i Kel l n e c n e n Somerset Pangnirtung EEZ Boundary a R M'Clure Strait h Island e C g Baffin Island Brodeur y e r r n Peninsula t a P I Cumberland n Peel Sound l e Sound Viscount Stefansson t Melville Island Sound Prince Labrador of Wales Igloolik Prince Sea it Island Charles ra Hadley Bay Banks St s Island le a Island W Hall Beach f Beaufort o M'Clintock Gulf of Iqaluit e c n Frobisher Bay i Channel Resolution r Boothia Boothia Sea P Island Sachs Franklin Peninsula Committee Foxe Harbour Strait Bay Melville Peninsula Basin Kimmirut Taloyoak N UNAT Minto Inlet Victoria SIA VUT Makkovik Ulukhaktok Kugaaruk Foxe Island Hopedale Liverpool Amundsen Victoria King -
Volume, Freshwater, and Heat Fluxes Through Davis Strait, 2004–05*
MARCH 2011 C U R R Y E T A L . 429 Volume, Freshwater, and Heat Fluxes through Davis Strait, 2004–05* B. CURRY AND C. M. LEE Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington B. PETRIE Ocean Sciences Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada (Manuscript received 29 July 2010, in final form 25 October 2010) ABSTRACT Davis Strait volume [22.3 6 0.7 Sv (1 Sv [ 106 m3 s21); negative sign indicates southward transport], freshwater (2116 6 41 mSv), and heat (20 6 9 TW) fluxes estimated from objectively mapped 2004–05 moored array data do not differ significantly from values based on a 1987–90 array but are distributed dif- ferently across the strait. The 2004–05 array provided the first year-long measurements in the upper 100 m and over the shelves. The upper 100 m accounts for 39% (20.9 Sv) of the net volume and 59% (269 mSv) of the net freshwater fluxes. Shelf contributions are small: 0.4 Sv (volume), 15 mSv (freshwater), and 3 TW (heat) from the West Greenland shelf and 20.1 Sv, 27 mSv, and 1 TW from the Baffin Island shelf. Contempo- raneous measurements of the Baffin Bay inflows and outflows indicate that volume and freshwater budgets balance to within 26% and 4%, respectively, of the net Davis Strait outflow. Davis Strait volume and freshwater fluxes nearly equal those from Fram Strait, indicating that both are significant Arctic freshwater pathways. 1. Introduction affect western North Atlantic continental shelf ecosystems (Greene et al. 2008). Arctic waters flow into the North Atlantic through Davis Strait captures the CAA outflow after modifica- the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) and Fram tion during its transit through Baffin Bay to the Labrador Strait (Aagaard and Carmack 1989). -
The Nares 2001 Geoscience Project: an Introduction
Polarforschung 74 (1-3), 1 – 7, 2004 (erschienen 2006) The Nares 2001 Geoscience Project: An Introduction by Ian D. Reid1, H. Ruth Jackson2 and Franz Tessensohn3 Abstract: Nares Strait forms a rather straight set of narrow marine channels Onshore geological evidence, however, implied that no more between Greenland and the Canadian Arctic Islands. Since 1982, the Nares than 25 km of offset had taken place (MAY R & DE VRIES 1982), Strait dilemma forms a classical case of conflict between plate tectonics and regional geology without obvious solution. Plate tectonics postulated a sinis- and this discrepancy has given rise to a long-standing contro- tral continental transform through the strait, whereas regional geological versy. The situation is complicated by the fact that in addition mapping results could not find evidence for the required offsets. Between to the postulated Wegener Fault two more important tectonic 1982 and 2000 new data were gathered in northern Baffin Bay and on either side of the Strait, yet the Strait itself had still not been investigated. We report boundaries are mapped to lie under the waters of the northern on an expedition carried out in 2001 in the previously unexplored water co- part of Nares Strait (Fig. 1). The question: Did Greenland drift vered area. In spite of the difficult ice conditions, we gathered new marine, along Nares Strait? has been argued for more than 90 years, aeromagnetic and geological data relevant to the problem. The results are AWES presented in this volume together with compilations of the related geological and was the subject of a major symposium in 1980 (D & and geophysical data bases. -
The Holocene History of Nares Strait Transition from Glacial Bay to Arctic-Atlantic Throughflow
THE CHANGING ARCTIC OCEAN | SpECIAL ISSUE ON THE IntERNATIONAL POLAR YEAr (2007–2009) THE HOLOCENE HISTORY OF NARES STRAIT Transition from Glacial Bay to Arctic-Atlantic Throughflow BY AnnE E. JEnnINGS, CHRISTINA SHELDON, THOMAS M. CRONIN, PIERRE FRANCUS, JOSEPH StONER, AND JOHN AnDREWS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) image from August 2002 shows the summer thaw around Ellesmere Island, Canada (west), and Northwest Greenland (east). As summer progresses, the snow retreats from the coastlines, exposing the bare, rocky ground, and seasonal sea ice melts in fjords and inlets. Between the two landmasses, Nares Strait joins the Arctic Ocean (north) to Baffin Bay (south). From http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=3975 26 Oceanography | Vol.24, No.3 ABSTRACT. Retreat of glacier ice from Nares Strait and other straits in the Nares Strait and the subsequent evolu- Canadian Arctic Archipelago after the end of the last Ice Age initiated an important tion of Holocene environments. In connection between the Arctic and the North Atlantic Oceans, allowing development August 2003, the scientific party aboard of modern ocean circulation in Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea. As low-salinity, USCGC Healy collected a sediment nutrient-rich Arctic Water began to enter Baffin Bay, it contributed to the Baffin and core, HLY03-05GC, from Hall Basin, Labrador currents flowing southward. This enhanced freshwater inflow must have northern Nares Strait, as part of a study influenced the sea ice regime and likely is responsible for poor -
Hydrographic Changes in Nares Strait (Canadian Arctic Archipelago) in Recent Decades Based on Δ18o Profiles of Bivalve Shells Marta E
ARCTIC VOL. 64, NO. 1 (MARCH 2011) P. 45–58 Hydrographic Changes in Nares Strait (Canadian Arctic Archipelago) in Recent Decades Based on δ18O Profiles of Bivalve Shells MARTA E. TORRes,1,2 DanIELA ZIma,3 KELLY K. FALkneR,1 ROBIE W. MacdOnaLD,4 MARY O’BRIen,4 BeRnd R. SchÖne5 and TIM SIfeRD6 (Received 4 April 2010; accepted in revised form 28 July 2010) ABSTRACT. Nares Strait is one of three main passages of the Canadian Archipelago that channel relatively fresh seawater from the Arctic Ocean through Baffin Bay to the Labrador Sea. Oxygen isotopic profiles along the growth axis of bivalve shells, collected live over the 5–30 m depth range from the Greenland and Ellesmere Island sides of the strait, were used to reconstruct changes in the hydrography of the region over the past century. The variability in oxygen isotope ratios is mainly attributed to variations in salinity and suggests that the northern end of Nares Strait has been experiencing an increase in freshwater runoff since the mid 1980s. The recent changes are most pronounced at the northern end of the strait and diminish toward the south, a pattern consistent with proximity to the apparently freshening Arctic Ocean source in the north and mixing with Baffin Bay waters as the water progresses southward. This increasing freshwater signal may reflect changes in circulation and ice formation that favor an increased flow of relatively fresh waters from the Arctic Ocean into Nares Strait. Key words: Arctic, Nares Strait, bivalves, time series, oxygen isotopes, salinity, fresh water RÉSUMÉ. Le détroit de Nares est l’un des trois principaux passages de l’archipel canadien qui canalise de l’eau de mer relativement fraîche de l’océan Arctique jusqu’à la mer du Labrador en passant par la baie de Baffin. -
Deglacial to Postglacial History of Nares Strait, Northwest Greenland
Deglacial to postglacial history of Nares Strait, Northwest Greenland: a marine perspective from Kane Basin Eleanor Georgiadis, Jacques Giraudeau, Philippe Martinez, Patrick Lajeunesse, Guillaume St-Onge, Sabine Schmidt, Guillaume Massé To cite this version: Eleanor Georgiadis, Jacques Giraudeau, Philippe Martinez, Patrick Lajeunesse, Guillaume St-Onge, et al.. Deglacial to postglacial history of Nares Strait, Northwest Greenland: a marine perspective from Kane Basin. Climate of the Past, European Geosciences Union (EGU), 2018, 14 (12), pp.1991-2010. 10.5194/cp-14-1991-2018. hal-02128823 HAL Id: hal-02128823 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02128823 Submitted on 14 May 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Clim. Past, 14, 1991–2010, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1991-2018 © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Deglacial to postglacial history of Nares Strait, Northwest Greenland: a marine perspective from Kane Basin Eleanor Georgiadis1,2, Jacques Giraudeau1, Philippe