Cruise Report W-48 Scientific Activities Undertaken Aboard R/V Westward Woods Hole
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A Modified Sverdrup Model of the Atlantic and Caribbean Circulation
MARCH 2002 WAJSOWICZ 973 A Modi®ed Sverdrup Model of the Atlantic and Caribbean Circulation ROXANA C. WAJSOWICZ* Department of Meteorology, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland (Manuscript received 9 October 2000, in ®nal form 6 August 2001) ABSTRACT An analytical model of the mean wind-driven circulation of the North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea is constructed based on linear dynamics and assumed existence of a level of no motion above all topography. The circulation around each island is calculated using the island rule, which is extended to describe an arbitrary length chain of overlapping islands. Frictional effects in the intervening straits are included by assuming a linear dependence on strait transport. Asymptotic expansions in the limit of strong and weak friction show that the transport streamfunction on an island boundary is dependent on wind stress over latitudes spanning the whole length of the island chain and spanning just immediately adjacent islands, respectively. The powerfulness of the method in enabling the wind stress bands, which determine a particular strait transport, to be readily identi®ed, is demonstrated by a brief explanation of transport similarities and differences in earlier numerical models forced by various climatological wind stress products. In the absence of frictional effects outside western boundary layers, some weaker strait transports are in the wrong direction (e.g., Santaren Channel) and others are too large (e.g., Old Bahama Channel). Also, there is no western boundary current to the east of Abaco Island. Including frictional effects in the straits enables many of these discrepancies to be resolved. -
St. Kitts Final Report
ReefFix: An Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Ecosystem Services Valuation and Capacity Building Project for the Caribbean ST. KITTS AND NEVIS FIRST DRAFT REPORT JUNE 2013 PREPARED BY PATRICK I. WILLIAMS CONSULTANT CLEVERLY HILL SANDY POINT ST. KITTS PHONE: 1 (869) 765-3988 E-MAIL: [email protected] 1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. Table of Contents 3 List of Figures 6 List of Tables 6 Glossary of Terms 7 Acronyms 10 Executive Summary 12 Part 1: Situational analysis 15 1.1 Introduction 15 1.2 Physical attributes 16 1.2.1 Location 16 1.2.2 Area 16 1.2.3 Physical landscape 16 1.2.4 Coastal zone management 17 1.2.5 Vulnerability of coastal transportation system 19 1.2.6 Climate 19 1.3 Socio-economic context 20 1.3.1 Population 20 1.3.2 General economy 20 1.3.3 Poverty 22 1.4 Policy frameworks of relevance to marine resource protection and management in St. Kitts and Nevis 23 1.4.1 National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) 23 1.4.2 National Physical Development Plan (2006) 23 1.4.3 National Environmental Management Strategy (NEMS) 23 1.4.4 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NABSAP) 26 1.4.5 Medium Term Economic Strategy Paper (MTESP) 26 1.5 Legislative instruments of relevance to marine protection and management in St. Kitts and Nevis 27 1.5.1 Development Control and Planning Act (DCPA), 2000 27 1.5.2 National Conservation and Environmental Protection Act (NCEPA), 1987 27 1.5.3 Public Health Act (1969) 28 1.5.4 Solid Waste Management Corporation Act (1996) 29 1.5.5 Water Courses and Water Works Ordinance (Cap. -
595 VERIFICATION of an ARCHAIC AGE OCCUPATION on BARBADOS, SOUTHERN LESSER ANTILLES Scott M Fitzpatrick Some of the More Central
RADIOCARBON, Vol 53, Nr 4, 2011, p 595–604 © 2011 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona VERIFICATION OF AN ARCHAIC AGE OCCUPATION ON BARBADOS, SOUTHERN LESSER ANTILLES Scott M Fitzpatrick Department of Sociology and Anthropology, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. Email: [email protected]. ABSTRACT. The Caribbean Archaic Age (about 3000–500 BC) is thought to represent the earliest migration of humans from South America into the Lesser Antilles. However, there is a conspicuous absence of these early sites on islands south of the Guadeloupe Passage. To date, only a single radiocarbon date derived from a Queen conch (Strombus [Eustrombus] gigas) shell at the Heywoods site on Barbados was indicative of an Archaic occupation in the southern Antilles apart from a scatter- ing of poorly reported (and mostly undated) sites. Given a number of issues associated with reliance on a single date to estab- lish a cultural horizon, along with other problems derived from possible carbonate cement contamination and dating marine shells of a longer-lived species such as Queen conch, 2 additional samples were taken from the same unit and context at Hey- woods to confirm whether the site is truly representative of an occupation during the Archaic Age. Results from a Queen conch shell adze in Context 7 dated to 2530–2200 BC (2 ) and overlaps with the only other Archaic date from the site dating to 2320–1750 cal BC, while a juvenile specimen of the same species from Context 8 at 3280–2940 BC (2 ) indicates that Barbados may have been settled even earlier. -
Map of National and International River Basin Districts Version 29 October 2012
Map of National and International River Basin Districts Version 29 October 2012 -30° W -20° W -10° W 0° 10° E 20° E 30° E 40° E 50° E 60° E Azores (PT) k ar FI nm in Teno, F RU Atlantic Ocean NO NO Naatamojoki, s 0 100 m FI Paatsjoki ro km T T or T R ne o i r ve n Madeira (PT) r i Madeira (PT) FI o K e m i j o k i WHITE n j SEA o RU k FI d i n a l Atlantic Ocean 60° N d r Bothnian Bay NORWEGIAN o 0 100 N SE Oulujoki SEA km NO FI a Canaries (ES) i Canaries (ES) N g 1. La Palma n a l 2. El Hierro NO h 1 7 Moere NO e t 4 60° N d 3. La Gomera A o A K 5 n G and r o B u K V u o k s i 4. Tenerife e B c k 6 h l o e f y 2 3 Romsdal f o i m r Bothnian t p m o FI 5. Gran Canaria E h T o e f i n a j l F o 6. Fuertaventura Atlantic Sea i a e f a i k g n n i RU l n o j l - 7. Lanzarote 0 100 Ocean o a C Sogn u S S k n km e e i- d and G a a Glomma SE - O Fjordane Guadeloupe (FR) NO d Guadeloupe (FR) NO lan in f F Hordaland f o ul Caribbean age West G ass C E Sea e P Bay t Aland a up k North West s lo a t de a Islands ua r g Baltic Estonia EE E G I r e s t e t t o 0 100 g Agder a EE n km a i T K k Gauja a Rogaland ak r S d LV er n Martinique (FR) Scotland ag K LV D RU Martinique (FR) k a a South LV RU N S V tt e LV a e Baltic Neagh g n u a SE t Lielupe g t a a North Bann BALTIC LT v Caribbean A NORTH SEA LT BY a Western IE Jutland SEA LT Sea Solway and N LT L Swieza UK UK North- Funen e Tweet d Zealand m 0 10 North s umbria RU u Western IE e Bornholm Jarft a km IE IE Vidaa-Krusaa ly n W RU T n Eastern o a o g PL Eastern h DK Schlei/Trave e s 50° N n -
Seattle 2015
Peripheries and Boundaries SEATTLE 2015 48th Annual Conference on Historical and Underwater Archaeology January 6-11, 2015 Seattle, Washington CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS (Our conference logo, "Peripheries and Boundaries," by Coast Salish artist lessLIE) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 01 – Symposium Abstracts Page 13 – General Sessions Page 16 – Forum/Panel Abstracts Page 24 – Paper and Poster Abstracts (All listings include room and session time information) SYMPOSIUM ABSTRACTS [SYM-01] The Multicultural Caribbean and Its Overlooked Histories Chairs: Shea Henry (Simon Fraser University), Alexis K Ohman (College of William and Mary) Discussants: Krysta Ryzewski (Wayne State University) Many recent historical archaeological investigations in the Caribbean have explored the peoples and cultures that have been largely overlooked. The historical era of the Caribbean has seen the decline and introduction of various different and opposing cultures. Because of this, the cultural landscape of the Caribbean today is one of the most diverse in the world. However, some of these cultures have been more extensively explored archaeologically than others. A few of the areas of study that have begun to receive more attention in recent years are contact era interaction, indentured labor populations, historical environment and landscape, re-excavation of colonial sites with new discoveries and interpretations, and other aspects of daily life in the colonial Caribbean. This symposium seeks to explore new areas of overlooked peoples, cultures, and activities that have -
Annotated Supplement to the Commander's Handbook On
ANNOTATED SUPPLEMENT TO THE COMMANDER’S HANDBOOK ON THE LAW OF NAVAL OPERATIONS NEWPORT, RI 1997 15 NOV 1997 INTRODUCTORY NOTE The Commander’s Handbook on the Law of Naval Operations (NWP 1-14M/MCWP S-2.1/ COMDTPUB P5800.1), formerly NWP 9 (Rev. A)/FMFM l-10, was promulgated to U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Coast Guard activities in October 1995. The Com- mander’s Handbook contains no reference to sources of authority for statements of relevant law. This approach was deliberately taken for ease of reading by its intended audience-the operational commander and his staff. This Annotated Supplement to the Handbook has been prepared by the Oceans Law and Policy Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, Naval War College to support the academic and research programs within the College. Although prepared with the assistance of cognizant offices of the General Counsel of the Department of Defense, the Judge Advocate General of the Navy, The Judge Advocate General of the Army, The Judge Advocate General of the Air Force, the Staff Judge Advo- cate to the Commandant of the Marine Corps, the Chief Counsel of the Coast Guard, the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Unified Combatant Commands, the annotations in this Annotated Supplement are not to be construed as representing official policy or positions of the Department of the Navy or the U.S. Governrnent. The text of the Commander’s Handbook is set forth verbatim. Annotations appear as footnotes numbered consecutively within each Chapter. Supplementary Annexes, Figures and Tables are prefixed by the letter “A” and incorporated into each Chapter. -
Bleaching and Related Ecological Factors CRTR Working Group Findings 2004-2009 Bleaching and Related Ecological Factors: CRTR Working Group Findings 2004-2009
Bleaching and Related Ecological Factors CRTR Working Group Findings 2004-2009 Bleaching and Related Ecological Factors: CRTR Working Group Findings 2004-2009 Acknowledgements The Bleaching Working Group is grateful for funding provided by the World Bank and the Global Environment Facility. The members are also grateful for the effi cient administration of the project provided by Ms Melanie King, Ms Lianne Cook, and members of the CRTR Project Executing Agency (PEA) at the University of Queensland. They thank Ms Catalina Reyes-Nivia for coordinating the production of this report. Contributing Authors: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg1, Yossi Loya2, John Bythell3, William Fitt4, Ruth Gates5, Roberto Iglesias-Prieto6, Michael Lesser7, Tim McClanahan8, Robert van Woesik9, Christian Wild10 Cover Photo: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg 1University of Queensland, 2Tel Aviv University, 3University of Newcastle, 4University of Georgia, 5University of Hawaii, 6Universidad Nacional Autónoma of México, 7University of New Hampshire, 8Wildlife Conservation Society, 9Florida Institute of Technology, 10University of Munich. The Coral Reef Targeted Research & Capacity Building for Management (CRTR) Program is a leading international coral reef research initiative that provides a coordinated approach to credible, factual and scientifi cally-proven knowledge for coral reef management. The CRTR Program is a partnership between the Global Environment Facility, the World Bank, The University of Queensland (Australia), the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and approximately 50 research institutes and other third-parties around the world. Contact: Coral Reef Targeted Research & Capacity Building for Management Program, c/- Centre for Marine Studies, Gerhmann Building, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia Tel: +61 7 3346 9942 Fax: +61 7 3346 9987 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.gefcoral.org Product code: 004/2009 Editorial design and production: Currie Communications, Melbourne, Australia, October 2009. -
Reef Fish Amendment 14
09/23/96 AMENDMENT 14 TO THE FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE REEF FISH FISHERY OF THE GULF OF MEXICO (Includes Regulatory Impact Review, Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis, and Environmental Assessment) AUGUST 1996 GULF OF MEXICO FISHERY MANAGEMENT COUNCIL LINCOLN CENTER, SUITE 331 5401 WEST KENNEDY BOULEVARD TAMPA, FLORIDA 33609 (813) 228-2815 FAX (813) 225-7015 This is a publication ofthe GulfofMexico Fishery Management Council pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Award No. NA67FC0002. Abbreviations Used in This Document AP Advisory Panel SMZ Special Management Zone Council GulfofMexico Fishery SPR Spawning Potential Ratio Management Council SSBR Spawning Stock Biomass Per EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone Recruit B.O. Executive Order SSC Scientific and Statistical Committee FMFC Florida Marine Fisheries TAC Total Allowable Catch Commission FMP Fishery Management Plan GMFMC GulfofMexico Fishery Management Council IRFA Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis ITQ Individual Transferable Quota NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RD Regional Director ofNMFS RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980 RIR Regulatory Impact Review SAFMC South Atlantic Fishery Management Council SBA Small Business Administration SEFSC Southeast Fisheries Science Center ofNMFS SEIS Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement SEP Socioeconomic Panel i CONTENTS REEF FISH AMENDMENT 14 1.0 INTRODUCTION. ......................................................... .. 1 2.0 mSTORY OF MANAGEMENT ............................................... .. 1 3.0 PURPOSE AND NEED FOR ACTION. ......................................... .. 5 4.0 PROBLEMS REQUIRING A PLAN AMENDMENT 5 5.0 PROPOSED ACTIONS 6 6.0 FISH TRAP ENDORSEMENT MORATORIUM .................................. .. 7 6.1 Introduction 7 6.2 History ofFish Trap Regulation 7 6.3 Summary ofResearch on GulfFish Trap Fishery 8 OBSERVER STUDY 9 Methodology and Sampling Protocol .............................. -
Understanding the Contemporary Caribbean
EXCERPTED FROM Understanding the Contemporary Caribbean edited by Richard S. Hillman and Thomas J. D’Agostino Copyright © 2003 ISBNs: 1-55587-983-7 hc 1-55587-959-4 pb 1800 30th Street, Ste. 314 Boulder, CO 80301 USA telephone 303.444.6684 fax 303.444.0824 This excerpt was downloaded from the Lynne Rienner Publishers website www.rienner.com i Contents List of Illustrations ix Preface xiii 1 Introduction Richard S. Hillman 1 2 The Caribbean: A Geographic Preface Thomas D. Boswell 19 Defining the Caribbean 19 Climate and Weather Patterns in the Caribbean 23 Landforms in the Caribbean 26 The Caribbean Amerindian Population 31 Patterns of European Settlement After Conquest 33 The Rise and Fall of Sugarcane in the West Indies 35 Population Problems 38 Emigration from the Caribbean 39 Urbanization in the Caribbean 41 Economic Geography of the Caribbean 43 Conclusion 48 3 The Historical Context Stephen J. Randall 51 Conquest and Colonization, 1492–1800 52 Nation Building and Socioeconomic Transition in the Nineteenth Century 60 The Non-Spanish Caribbean in the Early Twentieth Century 67 The Emergence of U.S. Hegemony, 1898–1930s 70 The Emergence of Labor Organizations 74 War and Cold War, 1939–1959 75 The Cuban Revolution 78 Conclusion 80 v vi Contents 4 Caribbean Politics Thomas J. D’Agostino 85 The Past as Prelude 85 External Influences, Internal Dynamics, and New Forms 87 The Case of Puerto Rico 91 Socioeconomic Conditions and Political Consciousness 94 Postwar Transitions 95 The Case of the Dominican Republic 102 The Anglo-Caribbean 103 The Case of Jamaica 104 Decades of Challenge and Change: The 1970s and 1980s 110 The Case of Grenada 113 The Resurgence of U.S. -
The Pennsylvania State University
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of the Liberal Arts ANCIENT HUMAN BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND COLONIZATION IN GRENADA, WEST INDIES A Dissertation in Anthropology by Jonathan Andrew Hanna © 2018 Jonathan Andrew Hanna Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2018 The dissertation of Jonathan Andrew Hanna was reviewed and approved* by the following: Douglas J. Kennett Professor of Anthropology Head of the Department of Anthropology Dissertation Adviser Chair of Committee Douglas W. Bird Associate Professor of Anthropology Kristina G. Douglass Assistant Professor of Anthropology Peter B. Newman Professor of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Management Lee A. Newsom Associate Professor Emeritus of Anthropology Professor of Anthropology, Flagler College Special Member William F. Keegan Curator of Caribbean Archaeology, Florida Museum of Natural History Professor of Anthropology, University of Florida Special Member Mary K. Shenk Associate Professor of Anthropology & Demography Director of Graduate Studies *Signatures on file in the Graduate School ABSTRACT The pre-Columbian colonization of the Caribbean is traditionally described as a series of migrations from coastal South America moving northward, island to island, as “stepping-stones.” As the southernmost island in the Antilles archipelago, just 90 miles off Venezuela, the island of Grenada is assumed to be the crucial first “step” in these migrations. However, too little archaeological data was available to substantiate this claim. This dissertation project was designed to fill the gap. Using the Ideal Free Distribution (IFD), a heuristic from Human Behavioral Ecology, a predictive model was built to test areas of high-probability for early settlement on Grenada via an island-wide “radiocarbon survey” that collected artifactual, soil, and radiocarbon samples. -
Kirra Reef Biota Monitoring Report 2016
Tweed River Entrance Sand Bypassing Project Kirra Reef Biota Monitoring 2016 Final Report New South Wales Department of Industry ecology / vegetation / wildlife / aquatic ecology / GIS Executive summary New South Wales Department of Industry has commissioned Ecosure Pty Ltd to undertake the 2016 Kirra Reef biota monitoring program, where the project will provide assessment to adequately identify and describe the residing flora and fauna communities of Kirra Reef and three control sites to both compare and build on the existing monitoring program. Benthic assemblages Differences in the composition (percent coverage and type of taxon) of benthic assemblages, algal assemblages and faunal assemblages were each compared between horizontal and vertical surfaces among Kirra, Palm Beach, Cook Island and Kingscliff Reefs. Generally, the composition of the entire benthic assemblages differed at a range of spatial scales, with clear differences evident between surface orientations and among most reefs, except for between vertical surfaces on Kingscliff and Cook Island. The differences were primarily due to differences in the higher coverage of turf algae on horizontal surfaces, which dominated the assemblages. Similar patterns were found for faunal assemblages alone, with assemblages generally having greater diversity on vertical than horizontal surfaces. The least diverse assemblages of benthic fauna were found on Kirra Reef. Changes made to the monitoring program, particularly the increased number of control locations and identification of benthic taxa to a finer taxonomic scale, have allowed for improved understanding knowledge of the natural variation in coverage of benthic assemblages across a broader spatial scale. Taking this into account, the assemblages on Kirra Reef remain dissimilar to the comparative reefs than would be expected naturally (i.e. -
The Significance of International Straits to Soviet Naval Operations
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF INTERNATIONAL STRAITS TO SOVIET NAVAL OPERATIONS James Paul Deaton SCHUUB 'A y-iiHUr i n it* w a i n u y n s L d Monterey, California 2 B -aaa**" 31 ^sgi2* "1 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF INTERNATIONAL STRAITS TO SOVIET NAVAL OPERATIONS by James Paul Deaton March 197 5 Thesis Advisor: Mark W. Jan is Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. T167562 UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Wr.en Dete Entered) READ INSTRUCTIONS REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM t. REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED Master's Thesis; The Significance of International Straits March 19 7 5 To Soviet Naval Operations 8. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUV:f«r; 7. AUTHORC*,) 6. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERfj James Paul Deaton 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM-ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASK AREA 4 WORK UNIT NUMBERS Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California 93940 11. 12. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS REPORT DATE March 1975 Naval Postgraduate School 13. NUMBER OF PAGES Monterey, California 93940 211 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS*- // different from Controlling Office) 15. SECURITY CLASS, (of thin ri>or'J Naval Postgraduate School Unclassified Monterey, California 93940 15a. DECLASSIFICATION/ DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE 16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (at thie Report) Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abstract entered In Block 20, If different from Raport) 18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reveree elde It neceeemry end Identity by block number) Soviet Navy Straits Law of the Sea 20.