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PUBLIC POLICY: by Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of in Dr. Jungho Baek, Committee Chair

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PUBLIC POLICY: by Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of in Dr. Jungho Baek, Committee Chair Tourism development and public policy: perceptions of the Chuukese community Item Type Thesis Authors Perez, Gerald San Agustin Download date 05/10/2021 09:13:24 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/10527 TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC POLICY: PERCEPTIONS OF THE CHUUKESE COMMUNITY By Gerald San Agustin Perez A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Rural Tourism Development: Interdisciplinary Program University of Alaska Fairbanks May 2019 APPROVED: Dr. Jungho Baek, Committee Chair Dr. Fred Schumann, Committee Co-Chair Dr. Jennifer Caroll, Committee Member Dr. Ansito Walter, Committee Member Dr. Mark Herrmann, Dean School of Management Dr. Michael Castellini, Dean of the Graduate School Abstract Tourism is a widely used tool for economic development in small insular communities. This mixed methods study examines factors that influence residents' perceptions toward tourism development in Chuuk and the relevance of “complexity theory” in describing the island's stage of development. Empirical evidence and data triangulation corroborate general support for tourism development and sensitivity to cultural impacts, economic impacts, social impacts, environmental impacts, local control and sustainability. Economic and cultural impacts were the strongest factors influencing perceptions and are most significant to sustainable development and destination development. This reflects residents' beliefs that the island will benefit from tourism because of perceived improvements in the economy, infrastructure, tourist facilities and expanded social amenities. It also reflects residents' expectations for long term planning, managed growth, and laws to protect the environment. Some differences and similarities are noted between sampled residents living in Chuuk and Guam. This study is the first of its kind in an isolated region lacking scholarship literature on tourism. As such, basic information gathered is a wellspring, for further research into issues of social justice using a more sequential transformative framework. iii Table of Contents Page Abstract...........................................................................................................................................iii Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... vii List of Figures...............................................................................................................................viii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. ix List of Exhibits ............................................................................................................................... x List of Appendices ........................................................................................................................ xi Abbreviations.................................................................................................................................xii Definition of Terms...................................................................................................................... xiii Chapter 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Questions ............................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Background ......................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 The Problem ........................................................................................................................ 6 1.3.1 Structural Imbalance................................................................................................. 6 1.3.2 Concerns of Political Leadership .............................................................................. 7 1.3.3 Little Progress .......................................................................................................... 8 1.3.4 Current Situation ....................................................................................................... 9 1.3.5 But Why Chuuk? ...................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 2. Literature Review ........................................................................................................ 11 2.1 Tourism Overview (Micronesia) and Small Island Economies ........................................ 11 2.2 Tourism a National FSM Priority ..................................................................................... 15 2.3 Residents' Perceptions of Tourism Development..............................................................17 Chapter 3. Theoretical Background and Field Location .............................................................. 21 3.1 Study Area......................................................................................................................... 26 3.1.1 Geography and Culture .......................................................................................... 26 3.1.2 History and Economy.............................................................................................34 3.1.3 Tourism Development............................................................................................ 37 3.2 Limitations of the Study .................................................................................................... 40 iv 3.2.1 The Literature ......................................................................................................... 40 3.2.2 The Sampling Frame .............................................................................................. 41 3.2.3 The Reflexive Style ................................................................................................ 41 Chapter 4. Research Design and Methodology ............................................................................ 43 4.1 Data Collection .................................................................................................................. 45 4.1.1 Field Environment ................................................................................................. 45 4.1.2 Qualitative Data ..................................................................................................... 46 4.1.3 Quantitative Data .................................................................................................. 55 4.2 Data Analysis .................................................................................................................... 64 4.2.1 Quantitative ........................................................................................................... 64 4.2.1.1 Goal ........................................................................................................... 64 4.2.1.2 Descriptive Statistics ................................................................................ 65 4.2.1.3 Exploratory Factor Analysis ..................................................................... 67 4.2.1.4 Regression Analysis...................................................................................76 4.2.1.5 Differences Between Guam and Chuuk Residents' Perceptions .............. 84 4.2.2 Qualitative.............................................................................................................. 89 4.2.2.1 Goal ........................................................................................................... 89 4.2.2.2 Approach ................................................................................................... 89 4.2.2.3 Content Analysis ....................................................................................... 90 4.2.2.4 Informal Conversations ............................................................................. 90 4.2.2.5 Key Informant Interviews ......................................................................... 92 4.2.2.6 Chuuk Visitors Bureau ............................................................................ 108 4.2.2.7 Policy Issues ............................................................................................ 110 4.2.2.8 Stage of Tourism Development............................................................... 115 Chapter 5. Merging Data ............................................................................................................. 119 5.1 Side-by-Side Comparison ............................................................................................... 119 Chapter 6. Key Findings and Conclusions ................................................................................. 125 6.1 Quantitative Study............................................................................................................127 6.2 Qualitative Study..............................................................................................................128 6.3 Open-Ended Survey Data................................................................................................ 129 6.4 Policy Implications and Recommendations ...................................................................
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