• • 1 ARIZONA OIL AND GAS CONSERVATION COMMISSION I

3500 North Central Avenue, Phoenix, Arizona 1 ,I R. Keith Walden, Chairman r Lynn Lockhart, Vice Chairman D. A. Jerome, Executive Secretary Charles Kalil, M.D. Robert B. Heward Orme Lewis

ARIZONA DEVELOPMENT BOARD 1521 West Jefferson Street, Phoenix, Arizona

Bernard M. Mergen, Director Pierre Bafiert, Chairman Santa Cruz County OIL, G/~.s and H $,.L I\U1\fT!:D..A R l,Z 0 N A ... • • / / 'i,"'- i{ Harvey Platt David H. Murdock Apache County Maricopa County IT SOC C V R R E NC., It ,Ai",;}) .•.., 0 tE N TI, A L

Arlo Woolery Royall Smith Cochise County Navajo County

W. D. James Harold A. Patten Coconino County Pima County Publtshed by . v; ~ ,\ " Edwin D. Smith Paul Loucks Arizona Dev~lopmentBoc.r.d Gila County Pinal County

J. Green M. E. Hafley Graham County Mohave County

Chleo Riley Leonard Sexton Greenlee County Yavapai County Henry F. Colman Yuma County •

Cover painting by E. M. Schiwetz-Courtesy Humble Oil and Refining Company PREFACE

The Oil Industry has long been calling for and seeking a practical book which will ACKNOWLEDGEMENT guide it in the process of coming to Arizona to evaluate and explore for and produce oil and gas. This book, by the authors of the various articles, seems to have met this challenge adequately, so that any and all companies or persons interested in Arizona and its oil and In a new oil and gas province such as Arizona, initially it is difficult for an outsider gas possibilities, have now available to them a most helpful volume. to ascertain where the sources of pertinent data and information are stored, and where The multi-authorship which made this brochure possible is a fortunate and significant pertinent information can be readily obtained. Because of inquiries of this nature, it was combination indeed, because each writer brings a strong and unique background of train­ deemed essential that such information be made available in one booklet as we have here. ing and experience to the reader. It is most difficult to give proper credit to each and every individual whose help and We believe that the contributors to this manual have succeeded in presenting specific information made this brochure possible. However, we would be remi~s in o~r duti~s i~ we and varied ideas, procedures and suggestions in such a way that all may profit by the did not set out certain individuals and groups who were most helpful m lendmg their time, subject matter. The straightforward, practical presentation of each writer is the writer's own efforts and support. Among these are the following: op~nion and does not represent the opinion of anyone specific group, company or agency in Special praise and acknowledgment are sincerely due Governor Paul Fannin. Anzona. Senators Harold Giss, Ben Arnold, Robert Prochnow, H. S. "Hi" Corbett and Sen­ This brochure is a cooperative effort of the Arizona Development Board, the Oil and ate President Clarence Carpenter have been tremendous in their encouragement, Gas Association of Arizona, and the Arizona Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. their tireless efforts and moral and actual help in making this brochure a reality. I ts specific purpose is to set forth accura tely, briefly and concisely the total picture re­ Mr. Van D. Bennett of Valen Oil and Minerals Corporation has spent considera­ garding Arizona's oil, gas and helium potential, the general and specific geologic areas, ble time and effort in helping review the articles which were published and has given the land and lease situation with special emphasis on Federal, State, Fee and Indian constructive criticism when it was needed. Mr. E. R. Richardson of Albuquerque, New lands, the gas and oil pipelines, possible new lines, the helium plant coverage and a factual Mexico also deserves mention. presentation of the general economic climate in the State of Arizona. A special note of recognition to J. D. Forrester, Dean of the College of ~ines, . ~rizona offers all companies, major and independent, and individuals excellent oppor­ University of Arizona, Tucson and Dr. Ned Danson, Ivluseum of NO.rthern Anzona, tumties to explore, produce and develop oil, gas and helium properties. The California Flagstaff for their willingness and availability to discuss and help With problems of crude oil and natural gas market will furnish a ready outlet for any and all products they mutual interest. will find and produce in this State. Geographically, Arizona is ideally situated to take ad­ The aid and assistance from the Oil and Gas Association of Arizona and its vantage of this west coast market. Arizona is wide open for oil and gas development. members was timely and most valuable. The Arizona Oil and Gas Conservation Commission was created by an act of the Legis­ The Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and its staff want to extend special praise lature which became effective July 1, 1959. to Bernard Mergen, Director of the Arizona Development Board and t~ Bert R. ?olem~n, of The Oil and Gas Conservation Commission is seriously endeavoring to accelerate the his staff for the time and effort spent with us in this project and Without which thIS en­ rate of drilling in Arizona. Its rules and regulations will afford any and all operators fair deavor would not have been possible. and equitable treatment and an inducement to come here. Its technical personnel are con­ A word of thanks also to Arizona Well Records, Stuler Maps of Arizona, the Arizona versant with all phases of the oil industry. Operators, drillers, pipeliners, and other interested Oil Report, the Petroleum Map Service, Phoenix Blue Print, Acme Blue PI:int, Arizo.na parties will have no trouble finding people who talk their language, appreciate their prob­ Blue Print, Gordon Fleetwood, lease consultant and Charles Crowley, consultmg geologISt. lems and who want to help them succeed in Arizona. We sincerely invite any and all inqui­ ries. The Arizona Oil and Gas Conservation Commission is fortunate in having an excellent, experienced geologist, Brooks Pierce and it goes without saying that we are indebted to him The present Commission is composed of the following members: for his time, help and interest. R. Keith Walden, Chairman-Tucson Time and space do not permit individual acknowledgments to all who helped or par­ Lynn Lockhart, Vice Chairman-Springerville ticipated. We close, however, with an expression of thanks a~d g.ratitude for .any and ~ll Charles Kalil, M.D.-Phoenix assistance rendered to us, in what we sincerely hope is a contnbutlOn to those mterested m Robert B. Heward-Holbrook the oil and gas resources of Arizona. Orme Lewis-Phoenix D. A. Jerome

2 3 CONTENTS

INVITATION FROM GOV. PAUL FANNIN TO THE STATE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY Page TO COME TO ARIZONA Preface, D. A. Jerome ...... 2 Acknowledgments, D. A. Jerome ...... 3 During the last ten years Arizona has led the nation at various times in at least Invitation, Governor Paul Fannin ...... 4 four categories of growth measurement. We have enjoyed tremendous mining, agri­ culture and industrial development during this period. GEOLOGY Manufacturing has moved into first place just within the last three years and represents nearly $750,000,000 of income. Another facet of our economic develop­ Northeastern Arizona: Its Oil, Gas and Helium ment is our tourists industry. vVe have attracted national attention as a paradise for Prospects, Silas Brown and Robert Lauth...... 7 tourists and visitors, and last year it was estimated tourists spent $290,000,000 in our Oil and Gas Possibilities of Southeast Arizona, Loren I. Buck ...... 22 state. Geological Evalution of Oil and Gas Possibilities of Southwestern Arizona, In spite of all of these evidences of growth and expansion, Arizona is still the Donald P. McCarthy ...... 30 sixth largest state in area, with only a 1,375,000 population. Truly, "we have no The Geology and Oil and Gas Possibilities of Northwestern Arizona, where to go but up!!" C. W. Swapp· ...... 35 Arizona might be termed one of the last frontier states-an "opportunity" state General Review of Arizona Oil and Gas Possibilities and Principals -and has more untapped natural resources than most other western states. Last Controlling Oil and Gas Accumulation, Dr. Willard D. Pye ...... 42 year we produced approximately 50fla of all of the copper and an estimated 37% of the non-ferrous minerals, but in spite of this we have vast deposits of iron ore, titanium, uranium, coal and numerous other minerals. We have yet to become im­ HELIUM portant contributors of these raw materials for industry. In recent years, oil has been discovered in several areas of our state, and we believe· we are on the thresh­ Helium-Space Age Gas, James Dean, Vice-President, Eastern Petroleum Co ...... 60 old of a tremendous expansion in this vital source of power and fuel. This brochure is the first joint effort of our Arizona Oil and Gas Conservation PRODUCTION Commission, the Oil and Gas Association of Arizona and the Arizona Development Board to bring to the attention of potential investors our oil and gas possibilities. Four Corners Area, Texas-Pacific Coal and Oil Co., Lee T. Feemster ...... 67 We need to develop our oil and gas resources, not only to augment the industrial Drilling Problems in Arizona, Earl Rodman ...... 68 development of our state, but for the benefit of producing vital "magic gold" for the defense and protection of our nation. LEASING As Governor of the State of Arizona, and in behalf of our Arizona Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, I invite you to study this brochure and the geology of A Composite Review of Land and Leasing in the state of Arizona, Arizona. This brochure is not only concerned with our oil and gas possibilities, but James R. Pickett and Frank Ewing...... 74 also of our helium producing potential. Arizona is a business state, basically devoted to the principle of competitive PIPELINES enterprise and profit motive. Our greatest objective is jobs for our citizens. Our population is growing by leaps and bounds. More than 1100 families a month are EI Paso's Arizona System, El Paso Natural Gas Co., Robt. W. Adams...... l0l migrating into Arizona. Approximately 10,000 young people graduated from our Transwestern Story, Transwestern Pipe Line Co., Wm. B. Padon, Vice-President ...... 101 high schools last year-3,700 from our colleges and universities. A majority of these Southern. Pacific Story, Southern Pacific Pipeline, F. E. Kalbaugh, Gen. Mgr ...... 105 needed jobs. To cope with the increasing demand for employment for our young, Pipelining in Arizona, H. C. Price Co ...... 106 for our old, as well as for our new citizens, we must rapidly develop our untapped natural resources. I am hopeful that you will become one of the investors in the future prosperity of our state. ECONOMICS AND TAX ATMOSPHERE

Arizona Economy, A Pattern For Progress., Bernard Mergen ...... 107

4 NORTHEASTERN ARIZONA: the south, the Utah state line on the north, the ITS OIL, GAS and HELIUM PROSPECTS New Mexico state line on the east and the Colo­ rado River on the west. It includes all of the Silas C. Brown and Robert E. Lauth Black Mesa Basin, the Mogollon Slope, Defiance Geological Consultants Uplift, Monument Upwarp and Kaibito Plateau. Scottsdale, Arizona The "Strip Country" north and west of the Colo­ Durango, Colorado rado River is discus~ed in another section of the brochure and will not be discussed in this report. Exploration and drilling activity in north­ The potentially producing areas for each form­ eastern Arizona has dropped somewhat from its ation is shaded on the Isopach maps. The peak activity during 1959 and 1960. Indications shaded areas are drawn disregarding dry holes and are that the latter part of 1961 and 1962 will be­ volcanic fields. Many of the wells were poorly lo­ come considerably more active. The coming "play" cated while others were mechanical failures. Some is expected to be more selective as geological data of the wells were good tests and proved or dis­ are assembled. Some of the past "promotional proved the immediate area in question. On the deals" have hindered rather than helped activity Isopach maps, thickness was reconstructed from throughout the state of Arizona. actual well or outcrop data. In the Permian, and Present drilling activity for oil and gas is con­ particularly the Cretaceous, where erosion has centrated in the extreme northeastern part of the removed considerable sediments, the Isopach re­ state on the Navajo Reservation. These wells pro­ flects' the total thickness prior to erosion. Lava duce primarily from the Paradox facies of the flows from the San Francisco Peaks, the Hopi Hermosa (Pennsylvanian) formation. Discoveries Buttes and the White Mountains obscure a large have been made in Mississippian and Devonian area of potentially productive sedimentary rocks. formations and are becoming increasingly im­ It is believed that it is possible to drill near the portant. volcanic centers and still get production because During the past two years helium development of the obvious lack of metamorphism and struc­ wells have been drilled on the Pinta Dome near tural disturbances immediately adjacent to these Navajo, Arizona. Wildcat drilling resulted in the centers. A formation is considered favorable if it discovery of helium producing gasses on the Navajo attains a certain thickness, has a certain amount Springs and Salt Springs structures. These latter of overburden and contains source beds and reser­ structures lie to the east of Pinta Dome proper and voir beds. have extended production about 6 miles eastward. Wildcat tests are being drilled, or are planned REGIONAL STRUCTURE on several anticlinal features to the east, north and The Black Mesa Basin is a structural depres­ northwest of Pinta proper. Based upon structural, sion which lies near the center of the Navajo­ stratigraphic and hydrologic studies, several of the Hopi Reservation. It is bounded on the east by prospects are considered favorable for the accumu­ the Defiance Uplift, on the west by the Kaibab lation of helium gasses in commercial quantities. Plateau, on the north by the Monument Upwarp, The widely scattered tests in northeastern and on the south by the Mogollon Rim. The Arizona, outside of the Paradox Basin, have not various divisions of the Black Mesa basin .proper, developed commercial oil and gas production, but such as the Mogollon Slope, Tyende Saddle, etc. good shows indicate the best commercial poten­ will not be used in this report except in a limited tials from the Devonian and Fort Apache sections. sense on the cross-sections (figures 2 and 3). The potentials of the older Paleozoic rocks increase There are several lines of folding in the Black in the northwestern part of the state where a gen­ Mesa Basin. The major line of folding has a north­ eral thickening of these formations take place. west alignment. The authors believe that the The Pennsylvanian formations thicken in the northwest trend, which roughly parallels the Un­ northeastern corner of the state and in the Show compahgre Uplift, is of Paleozoic age. Secondary Low area with increasing potentials. alignments have a northeast trend, a north-south This report covers that part of northeastern trend, and a still weaker trend which parallels the Arizona which lies between the Mogollon Rim on edges of the basin. The secondary alignments are

7 ~ Son Juan Oi I Dlv. of thickening-its pattern quite different from that A I-Mid ... t believed to be post Paleozoic in age (Laramide). u T H TO 2181' Mill. of the older Paleozoic System. The Cretaceous The older northwest trending structures are con­ --,~ =~~~~7" . Tuol~ Co. It 01 .. ~I --Gulf Oil system thickens from the southwest to the north- I.A N ovojo I 1- Wolker ,Creek A sidered the most favorable for commercial produc­ TO 4523' O. TO 6423 -9- tion. Oil and gas producing areas in the San Juan ea~t. : EJ P~.HJai. Stratigraphic traps formed as pinch-out zones \ I exos Pacific ~ita lS.tak and Paradox basins illustrate a general northwest I ~-633o~gvaja :;:~·CA.k';IZO on anticlinal trends, and localized areas showing trend with local variations . .."'K ayenla...... \. I Franca-WI-TahAlln ..lern "J-',- MTN~",. good permeability and porosity are possible in TO ~900' Mill. The Defiance Uplift was a positive area dur­ 1---... various formations. Pinch-out or overlap type of I "'------ing Pennsylvanian time, (John Bartram, 1950) I Approx. SOlllhern limil , -. stratigraphic traps are possible throughout most of Sinclair Oil a Go. I of Ihe ''Poradox fae/IS .-...... and probably into lower Permian time, while the --tlo.ojo I the Black Mesa basin area. The best possibilities other uplifts surrounding the Black Mesa basin are I for this type of trap are expected along the west T§:b~JO_HOP/ I of Laramide time. Kelley (1958, p. 141) chal­ I lenges the ages of the various trends of folding flank of the Defiance Uplift and on the flanks INDIAN RE ERVATIONS I of the buried Holbrook Granite Ridge in the vicin­ and of the Defiance Uplift as determined by the o authors. These differences in age determination ity southward from Holbrook, Arizona. The two cross-sections (Figs. 2 and 3) are understandable due to the meager supporting * show the generalized thickness of the formations, data, The periods of initial uplifting and subsequent projected correlations, outcrops, topography, and Willon - era.. ",., (rejuvenation) uplifting have all influenced pres­ the general structural features, I ~ ~~ c:~~ ~~~'onil' Some stratigraphic units are not considered I ent day structural trends. I Most of northeastern Arizona is relatively free favorable petroleum or helium prospects, there­ I ~I fore, only those 3ystems which are considered to I of major faults. Faults of moderate magnitude Wilton - Crammer have oil, gas, or helium potential are discussed. I I-Co,,~olt B I (+500 feet of displacement) and small faults I 1 I TO 249 GnfJ .. (100 feet or less displacement) are quite common I I 'X CAMBRIAN I I ~ along the edges of the basin, The larger and more I The Cambrian sediments range in thickness moderate sized faults generally have a north­ I from zero feet on the flanks of the Defiance Uplift I N A ¥ ~},'_~~_O -l ~ I south or a slightly east of north alignment. A large I ~ i./\~"t~~~> .. 7 I ~\ ,. • LLI to about 1200 feet in the Colorado River area I '" ,,:;,',1',"), HOPI BU T£\S A PAC H E majority of the smaller faults have a northwest I (Figure 9), These rocks transgress time lines and Q... a " '.t ;'" LA VA FI L f ." ~ I .... j( trend, I " ' I become progressively younger toward the east. Oil I ,_ v:' ,{~ I HOQboc k Oil ~ Recent drilling of water wells and oil tests .. ../.: I TO 1550' Grortl,. shows have been l'eported in wells drilled in the -s> I ~\ ~ //-- I '-, o? If' ../ have generally recovered fresh water when located 0 northwestern part of the state, while no shows ~"S'l '/ • General Petroleum I r- _' --.., ------: on or near the north-south and north-northeast I-Creager-State I i Apache L-._ -.~ 4 have been reported in the northeastern part. Be­ • 0 ~~:GrO".I!!.l._._ ..... j\I-SIO" a.~rnPoli....-+,':' fault zones, The smaller faults appear to have little I Zuni Oil \ Kerr MeG •• cause of the thick section of dolomites, limestones, I / 1- Jordo~ Slot. or no effect upon the migration or accumulation 3. ~ TO 9~O V H,lIu," •• 11. • shales, and sandstones present in the northwestern Kipling P,',ol.u", of oil or gas. More detailed geological work may I • part of the state, the Cambrian rocks are consid­ I Wilkenon ~~~f:~~' Permian indicate fault-trap possibilities, but these are ex­ KerrMcGf~Ioloroy. -Horten.fine ered an excellent objective in that area, I --y-~ Kipling Petroleum) I~ pected to be limited in size and number. I T03454' 2- Moei, The Lynch dolomite formation previously I TO 2~52'P"mion • I · STRATIGRAPHY classified as upper Cambrian may be partly of Ar90 Oil Co. Ordovician age, An Ostracod found in Cambrian 1- State w The Cambrian and Mississippian sections ex­ TO 2637' Gronllt ,:;~i lithology at Boundary Butte on the Arizona-Utah ~ hibit a general thickening in a northwesterly di­ rection, The Devonian shows maximum develop­ line has been identified as probable Ordovician. ment on the Mogollon Slope and in the north­ eastern part of the state. The Pennsylvanian forma­ DEVONIAN Mo90II The Devonian section ranges in thickness _ r:n=oot-"-l':'-'-.L'''''''' 0 " tions also thicken toward the northwest, however, , it displays a rapid thickening toward the Paradox from zero feet on the flanks of the Defiance Up­ I basin on the northeast and into a prominent trough lift to about 600 feet in the northeastern corner NORTHEASTERN ARIZONA southwest of the Defiance Uplift, This latter depo­ of the state and along the Mogollon Slope (Figure INDEX MAP sitional trough is apparently formed by the inter­ 8). A prominent depositional trough exists south SHOWING WELL LOCATIONS, of Flagstaff and extends southeastward to the SOME MAJOR STRUCTURAL FEATURES fingering of the Hermosa facies from the north a LINE OF CROSS-SECTIONS ' and the Naco facies from the south. Arizona-New Mexico line. The Devonian here reaches a thickness in excess of 500 feet and may ~-.!;,ii AREA OF IGNEOUS The Permian System displays several areas -" ACTIVITY sce a REL 7/61 * See Insert Sheet FIGURE /,

8 9 u T I ~. H .(J0 .T A H ......

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NORTH EASTER N II .to ISOPACH MAP Show/olt . ISOPACH MAP OF , OF CAMBRIAN 1 ~I DEVONIAN C.1. : 250f881 SCALE:;C ==iI!!!!l!!I!"~::J'r 1 o 1I.1 MIUI 1 C. I. : 250ft.I SCALE: CI==irI! .. !IJI!'L .... !=::J1 POTENTIAL PRODUCING L ______, .. :. POTENTIAL PRODUCI"G •• . . AREA sca lJ/tEL 7/61 D AREA sca lJ RCL 7/61 FIGURE 9. 10 11 F 1 I

o· be as much as 600 feet thick. This depositional thin beds of gray to tan, crystalline dolomite, and f1. :v trough has been referred to as the Saint Johns Sag gray to red-brown shale. Good to excellent poro­ .'.' H.. __ . "P. .... by Kelley (1955). A second trough exists in the sity has been recorded in the Paradox basin and .~.,...... ~,~, ...... "~"~'H ,...... 'f...... ( . . .•...... '4.i .r.?;I.n,*' Aneth area of southeastern Utah and extends into in mall)' parts of the Black Mesa basin. the northeastern corner of Arizona where the De­ The first commercial oil well from the Missis­ vonian attains a thickncss of over 600 feet. sippian section in Arizona was discovered during The Devonian section consists of medium to 1959 by the Texas Pacific Coal and Oil Company dark gray limestone and dolomite, green, red, and in their # 1 Navajo well. This well, which made gray shales, and minor sandstone beds. Outcrops of 250 barrels per day, is on tract 138 which is situ­ limestone and dolomite along the Mogollon Rim ated in the extreme northeastern part of the state. from Salt River Canyon south of Show Low to To date, the Dry Mesa Field has three pro. Chino Valley north of Prescott have a petroliferous ducing wells and one dry hole. The Atlantic Re­ odor on fresh fracture. Good oil shows in the De­ fining # 1 Navajo-7 well is in the process of vonian section werc recorded in wells drilled on being completed as an 1 % mile southeastern ex­ thc Boundary Butte anticline immediately north of tension of the Dry Mesa Field. The Atlantic well of the Arizona-Utah line, and free oil was recov­ is located in Section 7, Township 40 North, Range ered from the Shell Oil 'Company # 1 Bluff Unit 29 East. The wells have initial production ranging (Sec. 32-39S-23E., San Juan Co., Utah) on drill from 38 to 250 barrels of 36 to 39 gravity oil per stem test. Most of the wells drilled in the Black day and are making considerable water with the lvIesa basin, many of which were drilled on the oil. younger trends, recorded shows of oil and gas Approximately 13 miles east of Dry Mesa.the in the Dcyonian. Cores taken from the L. M. Lock­ Tcxaco # 1 Navajo "Z" well, which was com­ hall No.1 Aztcc ;I'dl in Sec. 33-14N-20E, Navajo pleted in the Devonian, gauged a mixture of County, Arizona, showed about 15 feet of oil satur­ carbon dioxide, natural gas and 5.7% to 6.2 % ation. The Texaco # 1 Navajo "Z" well in the Teec helium in the Mississippian. Nos Pos area made 8 barrels of oil and 7 barrels Mississippian oil is believed to be indigenous of salt water per day from the Devonian. to the formation, and with good porosities as well Thc Pan American Petroleum Corporation­ as proven production the formation has excellent New ?vIexico-Arizona Land Company B-1 well in potential over a large area of northeastern Ari­ Section 25-12N-23E, Navajo County had very zona. I good shows. A drill stem test recovered 3645 feet 1 I j'-'-'1... of mud cut salt water which displayed excellent PENNSYLVANIAN ._.,I __ ._ • ...J.' ~ -'L'_- reservoir conditions. The Hermosa formation, which includes the 1 1I Huddle and Dobrovolny (1952) mapped Paradox member, ranges in thickness from zero *' o ~ I reefing conditions in the upper and middle De­ feet on the flanks of the Defiance Uplift to about "::'.::::::::::::::::::;';':::::::::::::::::: :1:::':::::::::::::: 1 vonian section CMartin formation) on the north­ 1800 feet in the northeastern corner of the state I~ eastern end of the Mazatzal Highlands below the (Figure 6 ). In the Colorado River area the Her­ ~ T: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ~ t: : : : : : : : : : : : : : . : ...... _/ .j Mogollon Rim in Coconino County. It is prob­ mosa reaches a maximum thickness of about 750 able that larger reefs will develop basinward from feet. A Pennsylvanian depositional trough exists in L_~'~:+: j i!;!:!;;;;!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ::(; l: .• ~ *' I~ the Mazatzal Highlands, the Defiance Uplift, and the Holbrook-Show Low area where it attains a ~ I the buried Holbrook Granite Ridge. thickness of about 1250 feet. It is believed that : "::::::::::::::::::::T::::::. +~-tt I The Devonian section is considered a major Hermosa sediments from the north interfinger objective for commercial oil and/or gas produc­ with Naco sediments from the south around the Iz 1+:·.>.···1 Mog 0/ / ~ ...... , . tion in northeastern Arizona. northeastern end of the Mazatzal Highlands. '"":7,--=~~""",...:/':::,:., on I ''':::::::::::::::: .. "*': The Paradox member of the Hermosa forma­ MISSISSIPPIAN tion is the major commercial oil and gas produc­ : ·::::::::::::::::f:::::::::...... Th e Mississippian section ranges in thickness ...... ~ ...... ing horizon of the Pennsylvanian in the state. The II NORTHEASTERN from zcro fcct along the flanks of the Defiance Up­ R I iI'J '.::::::: $t~;D:"; : i : : : : : : : : : : . Paradox facies extends only a short distance into ISOPACH MAP . : : : : . : . : : : : : l : : : : : : : : : : . lift to about 600 feet in the Colorado River area OF ···········r·········· . Arizona from the north (Figures 1 and 6). The I .. ::"':,. :,::::::::::. ~I (Figure 7). These rocks consist of white to buff, Paradox member consists of black shales, medium MISSISSIPPIAN 1 o • 1& II 1 .:::: :1:: .. ':::::::::. chalky to crystalline limestone, with chert nodules; to dark gray, dense to crystalline limestones and C.1. .250f." SCALE: I t'L" I ·" POTENTIAL PRODUCING L______I ':::::::::::::::::::: .. 'I. D. . . . AREA sell aHCL '/111 FIGURE ?

13 Minor dead oil stain was noted in the General dolomites, white to light gray anhydrit~ and salt. u The upper and lower Hermosa sedIments are Petroleum Corporation well about 10 miles north­ predominantly gra~, dense to crystalline limestone east of Holbrook. Helium was found in the Coco­ ...... , .. ,...... with minor dolomIte, sandstone, and shale beds. nino on the Pinta, Navajo Springs and Salt Springs Many good shows have been recorded in wells in structures near Navajo, Arizona, where 12 shut-in southeastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, and in helium wells are present. The details of this helium wells driled on the Holbrook anticline along .the area are covered in another part of this report. hern edge of the Black Mesa basin. The IS0- Where the Coconino has proper cover, helium sou t > ach map (Figure 6) shows a rather rapid thick- gas, and oil may be expected in commercial quan­ ~ning of the Hermosa in the Holbrook-Show Low tities. area. The Naco sediments from the south inter­ The Supai formation ranges 111 thickness finger with the Hermosa sediments from the north from less than 1500 feet to aproximately 2500 feet giving rise to possible facies-change type reservoirs in northern Arizona. It consists predominantly of alternating red to brown sandstones and shales, in that area. The Pennsylvanian formations are considered abundant salt and anhydrite locally, and minor good objectives for commercial oil and gas pro­ limestone beds. The most prominent limestone duction as outlined. horizon is the Fort Apache member. The Fort Apache attains a thickness of almost 200 feet at PERMIAN Carrizo Creek south of Show Low and thins west­ The Permian sediments range m thickness ward to zero feet at Sycamore Canyon southwest from less than 250 feet on the Defiance Uplift to of Flagstaff. The northern limits are unknown due more than 3000 feet in the Holbrook area (Figure to lack of subsurface data. 5). In the southern and northwestern part of the Many wells along the Holbrook anticline re­ Black Mesa basin the Permian strata include in corded good shows of oil and gas in the Fort de~cending order; the Kaibab, Coconino, and Apache member. Some inflammable gas and oil Supai formations, while in the northeastern part saturation in cores were recovered in the L. M. of the basin the Permian is represented by the Cut­ Lockhart # 1 Aztec well about 10 miles northwest A C H E ler formation or group. from the town of Snowflake. Subsequent wells The Kaibab is predominantly a buff, gray to drilled in the same area have recovered about bluish-gray, cherty and fossiliferous, crystalline 1000 MCF /D of non-inflammable gas - mostly limestone. Minor sandstone and shale beds are carbon dioxide and low B.T.D. gas. The Colgrove I i'-'-'L present throughout the section. The Kaibab ranges # 1 Hortenstein well (now the Kerr-McGee # 1 _____ j I _____ ....J; ~ from zero feet in the Holbrook area to about 800 Fee) on the Pinta structure reported a show of I ~ feet in thickness in the Kaibab Plateau area in inflammable gas at 2517 feet-at its total depth. ~ the northwestern part of the state. Since the Kai­ This show wa, about 1000 feet below the top of' bab crops out or is near the surface throughout the Supai formation and may indicate its proximity its depositional limits, it is considered a very to the top of the Fort Apache member. limited objective for oil or gas except in the ex­ A thick section of salt is present in the upper treme northwestern part of the state. Oil is present Supai formation as exhibited in Colgrove well on in geodes found in the Kaibab outcrop on the east Pinta Dome where approximately 1000 feet of salt flank of the San Rafael Swell in Utah. was penetrated. Geological evidence suggests the The Coconino sandstone varies in thickness evaporitic sequence in the Zuni Embayment (St. from zero feet southwest of the Defiance Uplift to Johns Sag of Kelley) to be connected with the over 750 feet in the west and north part of the evaporitic Permian seas of west Texas and south­ state. It is white to buff, highly crossbedded, fine eastern New Mexico. Continued uplift of the De­ to medium grained sandstone. Core analyses of fiance and White Mountain positives retarded the Coconino sandstone show 14 to 21 percent movement of the Permian seas which resulted in NORTH EASTER N porosity and up to 550 millidarcys of permeability thick salt deposition in a relatively small area. ISO PACH MAP Reefing conditions have not been observed OF in its upper part. Sample studies indicate excellent in the limited number of wells drilled to date; PENNSYLVANIAN porosities and permeabilities throughout its entire C.1. : 250,•• , SCALE: i • II "I section except near its pinch-out zone. however, reefs should be kept in mind as a possible ItILiI POTENTIAL PRODUCING AREA seq /I REL '/.,

15 14 ------.- ~------~-----~------~-~------...... p--

u T A H reservoir for oil and gas, particularly along the brook in 1927. The amount of helium was reported edges of the salt basin. to be slightly greater than one percent. It is generally accepted that the lower Supai In 1950, Kipling Petroleum Company drilled deposition crossed time lines and is classified as the Macie #1 (Kerr-McGee #1 State) on the Permo-Pennsylvanian in age. Pinta structure just southwest of the community The Permian section in the northeastern part of Navajo. The test encountered helium bearing, of the Black Mesa basin is represented by the non-inflammable gas in the lower Chinle con­ ...... Cutler formation or group. The Cutler formation glomerate and a large flow in the upper part of ~ i . : : : : . : : : : :: :::.:::.:' is represented by the following members, from top the Coconino sandstone at a depth of 1032 to 1054 ~o I I to bottom: Hoskininni Tongue, De Chelly Sand­ feet. Analyses were made by the Bureau of Mines V NAVAJO-HOPI I stone, Organ Rock Tongue, Cedar Mesa Sand­ on all of the Kerr-McGee wells on Pinta with the RESERVATIONS: stone, and the Halgaito Tongue. The Cutler sedi­ following minimum and maximum percentages: I o ments consists of red to brown shales and red, I Helium 6.98 - 9.08% brown and white sandstones of continental origin. Nitrogen 89.78 90.76% Although there is no commercial production Methane Trace - 0.96% from the Cutler to date in Arizona, immediately u Oxygen Trace 0.29% north of the Arizona-Utah line at Boundary Butte Argon 0.60 - 0.66% oil is produced from the De Chelly sandstone. I Hydrogen Trace - 0.03% I Certain other structures in northeastern Arizona I Carbon Dioxide 0.26 - 1.10,,0 I are expected to be productive from this horizon. I The Kipling well is reported to have tested I CRETACEOUS 24,000,000 cubic feet of gas per day after blowing I The Cretaceous section includes the Dakota, I to the air for four to five weeks. This and subse­ L __ Mancos and Mesaverde formations. The Dakota quent Macie # 2 (Colgrove # 1 Hortenstein) well sandstone and the Mancos shale crop out around was later acquired by Kerr-McGee Oil Industries J 0 Black Mesa, thus limiting their potential produc­ who have since drilled 'four more shut-in produc­ ing area to the central part of the basin (Figure 4) . ers. The Mesaverde group caps the higher ridges of Eastern Petroleum Company, in 1959, drilled Black Mesa and is dissected by cross-canyons which three additional development wells, bringing the eliminates it as an objective for petroleum. total number of productive shut-in helium wells Water wells have been drilled near the out­ on Pinta to nine. Eastern Petroleum and Crest Oil crop belt of the Dakota sandstone indicating· the Companies drilled a discovery and a confirmation possibility, but not the probability, that the Dakota well on the Navajo Springs structure and a discov­ has been flushed by fresh water throughout the ery well on the Salt Springs structure situated ap­ basin area. It is quite possible that structural traps proximately four miles and seven miles east re­ do exist in the central part of the basin favorable spectively of Pinta proper. for accumulation of oil and gas in commercial Structure ~ Pinta Area quantities. Regionally, the Pinta area is located on the The Mancos shales exhibit some sandy zones Mogollon Slope which bounds the Black Mesa along their outcrop area but none of large magni­ Basin on the south, and forms a wide southern tude. The Mancos shales are excellent source beds, border of the Colorado Plateau. The area occupies z and the sandstone beds generally carry oil and gas an immediate position to the westward dipping in varying amounts. If the sand lenses are well Defiance Uplift. developed as to thickness and areal extent, or if In the Pinta area proper the dominent struc­ fracture zones develop, commercial production can tural trend is northeast-southwest. A cross-trend, be expected. somewhat weaker, runs northwest-southeast. NORTH EASTER N Pinta Dome as defined by surface mapping is ISOPACH MAP HELIUM OF History a series of small closed anomalies having a pre­ PERMIAN 1~-=='.5: The first recorded report of helium-bearing dominant east-west trend. The structure exhibits C.1. =250188' SCALE: Gel==:iI!!! .... =j'r I '0 gas in Arizona was from the Great Basin Oil Com­ approximately 75 feet of closure and is principally MILII IL ______::: POTENTIAL PRODUCING pany's Taylor-Fuller well drilled south of Hol- confined to the extreme southern portion of Town- 0••• • AREA seQ If REL '/6/ • FIGURE 5.

16 17 cumulation of helium known, having a helium o· ship 20 North, Range 26 East, and the extreme I·0'.1 content ranging from 8% to nearly 10% and one H northern portion of Township 19 North, Range 26 u A .v of the largest accumulations of helium reserves for East, Apache County. Closely associated subsidiary a given area of development. (2) It is the only --~ --~"*:~~~r~ features to this structure are the Dead River struc­ o4-~* • - area in the history of the helium industry that has ture in Township 20 North, Range 25 East; a j. seen sustained exploration and development for ""s . prominent northwest trending nose (North Pinta helium gas alone. Anticlinical Nose) associated with the Chambers­ OccUTrence-Four Corners Area of Arizona ~OOOO~ Sanders subsurface ridge through Township 20 North, Ranges 26 and 27 East; the northwest­ Besides the Pinta and immediate adjacent southeast trending Navajo Springs structure in areas, gases with helium content have been found in the extreme northeastern part of the state. The I '" Township 19 North, Range 27 East and south part helium is associated with hydrocarbon and carbon I NAYAJO;":Hdp/· I of Township 20 North, Range 27 East; the north­ dioxide gases in rocks of Mississippian age. The I /ND/~fi. ~ ~£iiiW.A-r./ONS I south trending Salt Springs structure in the north helium content ranges up to 6.2 0/0. o portion of Township 19 North, Range 28 East, and the south portion of Township 20 North, As further exploration is done m the Black Mesa Basin, particularly along the flanks of the Range 28 East, and the northeast-southwest Defiance Uplift, additional helium supplies are t.U!U!N!)··-...,...... -~ u trending Big Chief structure in Township 20 expected to be developed in all formations from : ...... ::::. North, Ranges 29 and 30 East. Triassic through Devonian ages. I .... . ~ vVhere Tertiary beds are absent, surface ex­ I .. ::::::::. I I posures in the general area are the lenticular Son­ Origin of Helium I I sela sandstones of the Painted Desert member of The origin of such large amQunts of this I I I the Chinle formation. The total sedimentary rock chemically inert gas is still relatively unknown. The I section above the basement complex is approx­ fact that helium is given off in the disintegration I L __ --, imately 3500 feet. The Triassic sequence, resting of such radioactive elements as uranium, radium and thorium has led to the belief that radioactivity I above the Coconino, includes the Chinle, Shina­ A V A rump and the Moenkopi formations. At Pinta, the is the original source of helium. The helium in the Chinle formation, encountered at and immediately region surrounding Pinta probably originated from below the surface is comprised of 670 feet of pre­ disintegration of radioactive minerals in the lower dominately red, gray and green shales, siltstones Chinle and Shinarump formations as a result of and minor sandstones at depth. local volcanic action. The helium bearing gas The Shinarump, below the Chinle, is chiefly migrated downward into the lower Chinle con­ sandstone and conglomerate with interbedded glomerate and the Coconino sandstone where it mudstones and siltstones. The sequence average 35 is presently found. to 60 feet thick in the area. The subjacent Moen­ CONCLUSIONS kopi is approximately 125 feet thick. Below the Exploration and drilling activity in north­ ---.., Moenkopi is the Permian Coconino sandstone. I eastern Arizona is expected to increase during the I The upper portion is an important helium-bearing I o next year. New Helium fields will no doubt be L ___ --, sandstone. Good porosity and permeability, exten­ found to the east, north and northwest of Pinta I sive fractures and cross-bedding, and little cement­ proper. The Devonian depositional basin develop­ I ing is evident throughout the section. Underlying I ment along the Mogollon Slope is expected to have I the Coconino and resting on Basement complex is z increasing activity where it has maximum thick­ I the Supai formation. I ness. The Devonian is considered the major ob­ I A pronounced tilt of the helium gas-water I Mogo II -9-1 jective for commercial production off of the ~'--=""""~~,.,..\ 0 n 1 contact at the Pinta, Navajo Springs and Salt _/' Navajo-Hopi Reservation. I Springs .structures is evident. This tilt slopes to the I The Oil and Gas Commission of Arizona con­ northeast at an approximate rate of 59 feet per NORTHEASTERN ARIZONA mile. The tilt is maintained by northeast water sists of an executive secretary, a geologist and five commissioners. The commission has shown every ISOPACH MAP movement within the reservoir. OF desire to adopt rules and regulations attractive I Pinta Dome and the immediate area is signif­ CRETACEOUS I enough to induce wildcat drilling by the major C.1. : 250f•• , SCALE :ic :=iI· f!I!I!!II!ill::::::J'r I icant for two reasons: ( 1 ) It is the richest ac- NILI. I1.. __ _ : : :-: POTENTIAL PRODUCING D AREA sea II REL 7/6/ • FIGURE 4 19 18 and independent companies and by qualified indi­ and Colorado", Amer. Assoc. Petro Geol., BuJI. Huddle, J. W., and Dobrovolny, Ernest, 1945, Smith, Clay T., 1951, '.'Problems of Jurassic Strati­ viduals. V. 31, No.9, pp. 1664-68. "Late Paleozoic Stratigraphy and Oil and Gas graphy of the Colorado Plateau and Adjoining The northern part of Arizona, north of the Bartram, John, 1950, Personal communication. Possibilities of Central and Northern Ari­ Regions", New Mexico Geol. Soc. Guidebook, Mogollon Rim, is considered by geologists to be Braddish, B. B., 1952, "Geology of the Monument zona", U. S. Geol. Survey Prelim. Chart 10, pp. 99-102. the best and most attractive area for wildcat ex­ Upwarp", Geol. Symposium of the Four Oil and Gas Inv. Ser. Stokes, W. L., 1951, "Carnotite Deposits in the ploration. A large part of the desert area has little Corners Region, Four Corners Geol. Soc. pp. Carrizo Mountains Area, Navajo Indian Res­ ...... , and ...... ____ .. ____ .. , 1952, or no oil or gas potential due to the lack of favor­ 47-59. ervation, Apache County, Arizona and San "Devonian and Mississippian Rocks of Central able sedimentary rocks. Brown, Silas c., 1956, "Petroleum and Natural Juan County, New Mexico", U. S. Geol. Arizona", ibid, Prof. Paper 233-D, pp. 67-112. The only commercial oil and gas wells in Gas Potentialities of the Navajo-Hopi Reser­ Survey Cir. 11l. Arizona to date are from the foreland facies zone vation-Arizona and Utah", Univ. of Arizona Kelly, Vincent c., 1955, "Regional Tectonics of Stoyanow, Alexander, 1942, "Paleozoic Paleogeog­ of the Paradox member of the Hermosa formation Press, Minerals Resources, V. 1, pp. 64-72. the Colorado Plateau and Relationship of the raphy of Arizona", Geol. Soc. America Bull. and from the Mississippian and Devonian forma­ ...... , and Lauth, Robert E., 1957, Origin and Distribution of Uranium", Univ. v. 53, pp. 1255-82. tions. All of these wells are confined to the ex­ "Oil and Gas Potentialities of Northern Ari­ of New Mexico Pub. in Geol., No.5. .. __ .. ______.. ______.. __ , 1936, "Correlation of Arizona treme northeastern part of the state on the Navajo zona", in Geology of the Southwestern San Paleozoic Formations", Geol. Soc. America McKee, E. D., 1951, "Sedimentary Basins of Ari­ Reservation, which is in the southern part of the Juan Basin, Four Corners Geol. Soc., Second Bull. V. 47, pp. 459-540. zona and Adjoining Areas", Geol. Soc. Amer­ Paradox Basin. Based upon shows in wells, petro­ Field Conference., pp. 77-84. Turnbow, Dix R., 1952, "Permian and Pennsyl­ ica Bull. v. 62, pp. 481-506 . Iiferous indications along outcrop areas, and local ...... , and Lauth, Robert E., 1960, vanian Rocks of the Four Corners Area", and regional thickening of the various Paleozoic "Northern Arizona has Good Oil and Gas Repenning, Charles A., and Page, Harry G., 1956, Four Corners Geol. Soc. Guidebook, pp. 66-69. formations, potential producing reservoirs are ex­ Prospects", W orId Oil, Sept. 1960, pp. 98- "Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy of Black Mesa, Wright, H. E. Jr., 1954, "Problems of Tohatchi pected to develop in rocks of these systems in the 103. Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservation, Ari­ Formation, Chmka lvIountains, Arizona-New areas of northeastern Arizona as shaded on the Cooper, Jack c., 1955, "Cambrian, Devonian and zona", Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol., Bull. v. 40, No. Mexico", Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol. v. 38, No. isopach maps. Mississippian Rocks of the Four Corners 2, pp. 255-294. 8, pp. 1827-1934. The Fort Apache member of the Supai, the Area", Four Corners Geol. Soc. Guidebook, De Chelly sandstone member of the Cutler, and pp. 59-65. the Coconino sandstone have excellent potentials Dean, James W., and Lauth, Robert E., 1961, for shallow production. The Coconino sandstone "Four Corners keeps lead in Production of is the major helium producing formation in north­ Helium Gas", Oil and Gas Journal, Feb. 20, eastern Arizona. AlI of the shut-in commercial 1961, pp. 194-199. helium wells are confined to the Pinta area near Gregory, H. E., 1917, "Geology of the Navajo Navajo, Arizona. Other areas are considered po­ Country", U. S. G. S. Prof. Paper 93. tentially favorable for commercial helium from ...... , 1950, "Geology and Geography the Coconino sandstone. of the Zion Park Region, Utah and Arizona", U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 220. The Devonian formations in the depositional Halpenny, L. C., 1951, "Preliminary Report on trough, as shown on Figure 8, is considered by the the Ground Water Resources of the Navajo­ writers to be the best horizon for the accumulation of oil and gas in commercial quantities. Hopi Indian Reservation, Arizona, New Mex­ ico and Utah", New Mexico Geol. Soc. Guidebook, Data were freely used from the references pr. 147-154. cited; however, inasmuch as the authors exercised Harrell, Marshall A., and Eckel, Edwin B., 1939, their own judgment and interpretation in contro­ "Ground Water Resources of the Holbrook versial cases, they accept full responsibility for the Region, Arizona", U. S. Geol. Survey, Water final form of the material. Supply Paper 836-B. REFERENCES Harshbarger, J. W., Repenning, C. A., and Jack­ son, R. L., 1951, "Jurassic Stratigraphy of the Allen, John Eliot and Balk, Robert, 1954, "Min­ Navajo Country", New Mexico Geol. Soc. eraI Resources of Fort Defiance and Tohatchi Guidebook, pp. 95-98. Quadrangles, Arizona and New Mexico," ...... , Repenning, C. A., 1954, New Mex. Inst. of Mining and Tech., Bull. 16. "Water Resources of the Chuska Mountain Baker, A. A., Dane, C. H., and Reeside, J. B. Jr., Area, Navajo Indian Reservation, Arizona and 1947, "Revised Correlation of Jurassic Forma­ New Mexico", U. S. Geol. Survey Circular tions of parts of Utah, Arizona, New Mexico 308. Courtesy Shell Oil Company

20 21 OIL and GAS POSSIBILITIES OF have been tilted; (3) their internal structure may SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA be simple or complex. • ,I Some of the intermontane valleys form closed .. ( Loren 1. Buck I I Geological Consultant basins or playas but most of them are disected by ( .. drainage systems. They attain widths of from a I Tucson, Arizona . I . few miles to more than 50 miles. The valley floors . . in this area rise from approximately 1500 feet in . Large Oil and Gas reserves may underlie . .. . . Graham County to nearly 5,000 feet in Sulphur . Southeast Arizona! Geologists have uncovered the Springs Valley in Cochise County. basic requirements conducive to productive oil and gas horizons. Let us look at their findings. The Basin and Range province in southeast The intention of this report is to cover the Arizona is made up of metamorphic, igneous and following counties: Gila, Greenlee, Graham, Co­ sedimentary rocks of older Precambrian to Recent chise, Santa Cruz and the eastern half of Pima. age. Deformation and folding occurred most not­ Almost all of the approximately 40 thinly ably during older Precambrian, between Permian scattered exploratory wells drilled in southeast and Cretaceous, during Cretaceous and some on Arizona ,vere located without geological or geo­ into later times. physical assistance and drilled without geological McKee (1951) has shown that by Cambrian analysis of the materials penetrated. Many of time a general pattern of structural trends had these reported good shows of oil and gas. There been initiated, and that it continued to develop are driller's logs and a few sets of samples of well throughout Paleozoic times.Thus by the end of cuttings and a few electrical logs available for Permian, the main elements in Arizona were: (1) these holes. Locally, the information from these Positive areas in the northeastern and southwestern could be integrated with surface geology, magnetic portions, with a sag between them: (2) in north­ mapping, and perhaps seismograph work to pro­ western Arizona a segment of the northeast­ yide a measure of understanding of the subsurface ward-trending Cordillerian geosyncline deepening geology of the basins and the relationship to the northwestward from this sag; and (3) in south­ mountain blocks in this mountain-basin area. An eastern Arizona, a segment of the Sonoran geosyn­ analysis of these meager data will be helpful for cline trending and plunging southeastward from the exploration for petroleum resources below the the sag. Marine limestone and dolomite, to­ yalleys of the region. The widely scattered tests gether with subordinate sandstone and shale, were . . in Southern Arizona have not developed com­ formed during Cambrian, Devonian, Mississippian, . mercial production but good oil and gas shows Pennsylvanian and Permian to a total thickness indicate commercial potentials under proper con­ of 6,000 feet in southeastern Arizona and 9,000 ditions. feet in northwestern Arizona, but the Paleozoic This paper is intended to point out some of rocks were thin, if not absent, on the aforemen­ I<;Oi-'ACI! ~tAP the faulting stratigraphic and structural problems. tioned positive areas. Data for this study are based upon an evaluation So far as is known, igneous activity was lack. APPRClXIl\P.TI-: 0Rlr,J,\AI I1F.PClSTTlO"\,-\l 1'111 .. 1\:,\1-:')<) of lithological, electrical and radioactive logs and ing in Arizona during Paleozoic time. surface studies both on a local and regional basis. STRATIGRAPHY fault traps and stratigraphic traps formed as wedge During Cretaceous times there was much de­ or pinch outs on anticlinal folding as well as STRUCTURE position of sediments in Arizona. The succession Each major period of deposition during the localized areas having good permeability and por­ Southeastern Arizona is a part of the Basin thickens southeast to several thousand feet in Paleozoic era appears to thicken progressively up­ osity are quite possible here as a source for fin~­ and Range province. It lies south of the Colorado southeast Cochise County. Since most all sedi­ ward from Devonian times. Also from Mississip­ ing either oil or gas. The best possibilities for thIS Plateau. It is characterized primarily by mountain mentary deposits thicken toward Cochise County pian times through Cretaceous the deposition to occur are in the wide valleys of Cochise County, ranges alternating with broad plains, valleys or it is that area which will receive the most atten­ thickened from Central Arizona toward the south­ eastern edge of Pima and southern part of Graham basins. tion in this paper. eastern part of the state where the thick deposi­ Counties. tion of Cretaceous sediments in the Sonoran Geo­ In general the basins and ranges are: (1 ) Due to the extremes of higher mountains and Some stratigraphic units are not considered syncline took place in southeast Arizona, southwest relatiyely short and more or less parallel trending lower basins plus the very limited subsurface well as favorable prospects for petroleum. Only those New Mexico and in Sonora, Mexico. north, northwest-southeast; (2) some consist of control no attempt has been made to show a which are considered to have oil and or gas prob­ fault blocks which generally though not invariably cross section from mountains to basins. • Both anticlinal structural traps in the basins, abilities are to be discussed in this paper .

22 23 ------~---- ..-.- ~-.-- "'"

CAMBRIAN dolomite section is well represented in the Tomb­ Central Pima ('ounty Ct'nlral cochllie ('ounty The Cambrian Rocks in southeastern Arizona stone and Dragoon mountain areas both on out­ Vekol Mt •. (6) Slate t.U •. ($) Kohlkohl Hdl (4) 'Waterman M1I. (3) GWUli80n Hilla (2) Tomb.tone Hilla (1) have been divided into the following: Bolsa crop in the mountains as well as in well samples. • _..__- 11 mUe.--__o.._.-- 2!> mUNI 7 mil •• 90 mil('D ---o._.~--- 32 milea ---- Quartzite, Coronado Quartzite, and Abrigo Lime­ Outcrops of Martin limestone and dolomite in EXPLANATION stone. Since the Bolsa and Coronado Quartzite are several places in southeast Arizona give a petro­ ~ Lime.tone c0ntllomerate not considered to have oil or gas possibilities they liferous odor on fresh fracture. At least one well in [..J Sandll1.one e Sbalr 11m.ot.... t!E!:I!;I will not be discussed. Sulphur Springs Valley reported oil shows in De­ m Sandy limeatOM voman. mtralormaUooal ABRIGO LIMESTONE The Swisshelm (Epis and Gilbert, 1957) is correlation The Abrigo Limestone, of middle and late exposed in the Swisshelm and Pedrogosa moun­ ~Dolom1t .. Cambrian age, overlies the Bolsa and Troy quartz­ tains of southeast Arizona. Here it is 615 feet ites in southeastern Arizona. The Abrigo lime­ thick and is Upper Devonian (Senecan) in age. \' ...... ~·I Calcareoua .Ut.ton. ~ Limeatoae with cbert stone ranges in thickness from 770 feet (Ransome, The Percha formation near Portal, Arizona 1904·) in the Bisbee area to 844 feet in the Tomb­ is 342 feet thick. It consists of gray to black shales, stone Hills (Gilluly, 1956). The Bolsa quartzite alternating with limestone. It is of Senecan or Index map grades upward through thin sandy micaceous Chemung age. shale layers to a limestone with conspicuous edge­ When the proper stratigraphic and structural 0 feot 100 \vise conglomerate. The limestone becomes in­ conditions exist in southeastern Arizona, the De­ 200 creasingly sandy upward, and the upper part of voman rocks are a potential horizon for oil and ..w 300 .u 400 most sections consists of sandstone or quartzite. gas. 500 ...l! Although no shows of oil or gas have been re­ t w corded in the Abrigo, it can be regarded as a MISSISSIPPIAN >

prospective objective. Strata of Mississippian age occur throughout 6 5 TUCSON southeastern Arizona wherever Paleozoic rocks are 43 C 1000 2 '"w CAMBRIAN AND ORDIVICIAN extensively exposed. They are composed principal­ 1 EL PASO LIMESTONE ly of limestone, with minor amounts of shale, and The EI Paso limestone has been found in the generally occur in massive beds. The Mississippian o Cretat'eOU8(?) HorquWa northern and southern Swisshelm mountains in the strata range in age from Kinderhookian through U limestone Pedregosa mountains and in the Chiracahua Chesterian. The principal Mississippian formation mountains. It is both Late Cambrian and Early in southeastern Arizona is the Escabrosa limestone Ordivician in age (Sabins, 1957). It grades from of Lower Mississippian age. The Ecabrosa lime­ sandy dolomite to cherty sandy dolomite. It ranges stone is thickly bedded, commonly white but local­ Escabrosa in the mountains from 35 to 400 feet thick. Found ly dark gray limestone composed largely of frag­ lime.tone under the proper structural conditions this could ments of crinoid stems. Chert bands and nodules be a good objective in drilling a wildcat test. occur at many horizons and dolomite occurs in the lower part of the Escabrosa limestone in many DEVONIAN places. The Escabrosa is about 700 feet thick, thin­ Beds of Devonian age are present throughout ning toward the central part of the state. The Arizona, southwestern New Mexico and northern Escabrosa limestone is correlated with the Missis­ Sonora, Mexico. Throughout southeastern Arizona, Abrigo - sippian Redwall limestone of northern Arizona, formation-- the basal beds of the Devonian system are consid­ the ni.adison limestone of Colorado, and Caballero ered generally to be of Upper Devonian age. Here and Lake Valley limestone of New Mexico (Wel­ Precambrian --- granite they are separated into: (1) the Martin formation, ler, and others, 1948). Apache lroup which LeMone (1958) has subdivided into (a) A few of the deeper wildcat tests drilled in calcarious facies and (b) a dolomite facies; (2) southeastern Arizona penetrated the Escabrosa the Swisshelm and Portal (transitional formatlons limestone. Good porosity and shows of oil and or facies); (3) the Pereha formation. gas were reported in some. One well drilled in Precambrian The Martin formation at the type locality at west central Cochise County which ended in the granite Mount Martin near Bisbee, "Martin limestone" Devonian Martin had many shows of oil in the (Ransome, 1904) is composed of 340 feet of cal­ Mississippian Escabrosa. It was reported to have careous beds which locally may be dolomite. The had 400 feet of oil cut mud on a drill stem test Chart showing correlation between Paleozoic for~ation~ in central Pirn.a County and central Cochise County, Arizona. Stratl.graphlc colurn.ns (1) • after Gilluly, Cooper, and Williarn.s (1954) and (2) after Gllluly (1956),

24 25 ducing reservoirs may be developed in rocks of in the Escabrosa. No casing was run in this WIld­ The Pennsylvanian beds are a definite ob­ to dark gray in color. cat. The well was abandoned without further test­ jective for oil and gas where the proper condi­ A well drilled near Willcox, Arizona, passed these systems. Within the basins there are but few mappable ing. It is highly possible this wildcat could have tions of structure, stratagraphic traps or fault through valley fill at about 4,000 feet and bot­ outcrops. However, recent magnetic and gravity made a commercial oil well had it been properly traps occur. tomed in Cretaceous at 6865 feet. cased and tested in the Mississippian. Due to the In the \;\Thetstone Mountains, the base of the surveys in part of this area has shown that folding has occurred below the surface of the Valley fill, good porosity and numerous oil and gas shows, the PERMIAN section is composed of black shales, some of which offering some favorable areas for exploration. Mississippian Escabrosa is considered a good ob­ Marine rocks of Permian and Pennsylvanian are petroliferous (Butler, Leonard and Wilson). Further use of such mapping instruments in the jective in drilling. outcrop in mountain ranges in southern Arizona This area can well be recommended for a wildcat rest of southeast Arizona might well unravel the from the Waterman Mountains in Central Pima test if the proper structural conditions exist. These present mystery of the unknown basins that lie PENNSYLVANIAN County to the New Mexico border. Massive lime­ same conditions may well exist in the basins of therein. Little if any use has been made of geo­ Rocks of Pennsylvanian Atokan through Vir­ stones in the upper part of the Permian portion southeast Arizona awaiting the drill bit to open physics to unravel the problems of these basins. gilian age are found in most of the mountain of the section form many of the sheer cliffs that an oil or gas pool in the Lower Cretaceous. An outline of the potential areas for produc­ ranges of southeast Arizona. The Pennsylvaniiln are so prominent in this region. tion is shown on the map (areas favorable to the beds everywhere rest disconformable on the under­ The total thickness of the Permian rocks in CONCLUSIONS production of oil) . The potential areas were shown lying Mississippian beds and are transitional into southeast Arizona may reach from 4,000 to 5,000 Yes, southeastern Arizona may well have vast oil and gas reserves waiting to be tapped by the without regard of dry holes within their limits. A the overlying Permian rocks. Exposures of Pennsyl­ feet. However, most areas have less than 2,500 dry hole does not condemn a large area, for var­ vanian rocks are discontinuous and are frequently feet. drill. From the preceding pages of the geology and ious reasons, such as being off structure or on a broken by faults, eroded or covered by younger The Permian part of the Earp formation con­ structure of southeast Arizona, facts are encoun­ young trend. We may expect favorable anticlinal rocks. sists of interbedded limestone, dolomitic limestone, structures and stratagraphic traps within portions The thick marine sections· of Permian and varicolored shales, and sandstone, ranging from tered which lead us to believe, that further planned of the shaded potential area. Pennsylvanian rocks exposed throughout a large 1100 feet in the Gunnison Hills to 2700 feet in exploration work to locate traps for oil and the Approximately 500,00 acres of land is under portion of southeastern Arizona were originally the Portal area. drilling of these traps will bring commercial oil federal, state and fee lease in the Sulphur Springs called the "Naco-limestone" (Ransome, 1904). The Colina limestone is about 600 feet thick and gas to this area. The fundamental requirements are there: Valley of Cochise County for oil and gas at this The Naco beds are now correlated with Pennsyl­ near Tombstone. It consists dominantly of dark time, with several more thousand acres under vanian Magdalena limestone of New Mexico and gray to black limestone in thick beds. 1. Source beds of dark gray to black shales lease in the other basins of this area. the Permian Hulco limestone in Texas. The Epitaph dolomite near Tombstone is and limestones. Drilling conditions in southeastern Arizona The actual contact between the Pennsylvan­ nearly 800 feet thick. It is mainly composed of 2. Reservoir rocks of porous sandstones and are no different, nor more expensive than any ian and Permian beds occurs within the Earp dolomite but there are several limestones and carbonate formations. similar area throught the Rocky Mountain region. formation. There is no lithologic or erosional break clastic rocks in the upper part. 3. Traps: EI Paso Natural Gas Company has a large and the boundary is delineated by fossil evidence These massive Permian beds of limestone and a. folded structures such as anticlines, gas line passing through this area with several dis­ alone. dolomite, under the right structural conditions may traps or noses. tributing lines in many areas. The Southern Pa­ A Northwest trending area of thicker deposi­ well be a source of oil in future drilled tests of the b. faulted or broken rock structures. cific Railroad passes through this area for trans­ tion appears to have extended across southeastern basins. Evidence of this is the shows reported in c. stratigraphic traps related to changes portation of oil. Southern Pacific also has an oil Arizona with these sediments thickening southeast­ tests drilled in the San Simon Valley. In a number in porosity. and products line parallelling its rail lines. It seems ward. The Pennsylvanian sediments range in thick­ of areas, petroliferous odors are given off upon Although no commercial oil or gas wells exist there would be sufficient transportation to market ness from 700 to approximately 2100 feet. They fresh fracture of surface outcrops. in this area, the number of oil and gas shows that have been noted as few as 700 feet in one well in have been reported is quite encouraging. One wild­ oil and gas found in the area. Sulphur Springs Valley of Cochise County. CRETACEOUS cat test, that was never completed, near Tomb­ Data, for this paper were freely used from The sediments in the lower part (Horquilla, During Cretaceous times, a very considerable stone, Arizona, reported a recovery of 400 feet of the references cited; however, in as much as the Havenor) are generally uniform pinkish gray to .depression in southeastern Arizona brought about oil cut mud on drill stem test in the Escabrosa writer has exercised his own judgment and inter­ dark gray, aphonitic to medium-crystalline, cherty, an invasion of the sea from Mexico and the ac­ (Miss.) limestone at the shallow depth of 2570- pretation in controversial cases, he accepts full occasionally sandy, fossiliferous limestone contain­ cumulation of an exceptionally great thickness of 90'. responsibility for the final form of the material. ing gray to black, red or greenish shale beds. The sediments, both marine and continental. The Cre­ Outcrops of carbonaceous to petroliferous REFERENCES upper beds (Earp, Havens) generally consists of taceous sediments are now measured up to 8,000 black shales have been measured in parts of this McKee, E. D., 1951, Sedimentary Basins of Ari­ interbedded limestone, dolomitic limestone, shale feet on the west side of the Whetstone Mountains area. There are at least two mapped surface anti­ zona and Adjoining Areas: Bulletin of the and sandstone beds. while up to 10,000 feet have been measured on the clines within the black carbonaceous shale areas Geological Society of America, Vol. 62, Pages In some areas of outcrop a gaseous odor is west side of the Huachuca Mountains. These beds which are yet untested. Based upon shows in wells, 481-506. noted in fresh fractures Pennsylvanian rocks. Num­ consist of shales ranging in color pink to gray to petroliferous indications along outcrop areas, oil erous shows of oil and gas have been reported black carbonaceous, fine to coarse sandstones rang­ seepages in the Willcox area and the regional Darton, N. H., 1925, A Resume' of Arizona Geol­ ogy: Arizona Bureau of Mines, Bulletin No. throughout southeast Arizona in some of the wild­ ing from white to gray to brown in color; a few thickening of the Devonian, Mississippian, Penn­ cat tests in porous zones. conglomerates and a few limestone beds of gray • sylvanian, Permian and Cretaceous, potential pro- 119 Geological Service No.3.

26 27

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I - I NAVAJO I' APACHE I YAVAPAI I Areas favorable to producin~ oil I

• Uat.Torable areas ~ Voloanic areal!

.Po.albla producing areas

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Butler, G. M. & Tenney, J. B., 1931, Petroleum, Ordovician systems of southeastern Ari­ Arizona Bureau of Mines, Vol. 2. No. 1. zona, P.P. 21-24. Sabins, Floyd Jr., 1957, Stratigraphic Relations in 7. Pye, Willard D., 1959, Silurian and De­ Chiricahua & Dos Cabezas Mountains, Ari­ vonian systems of southeastern Arizona zona. Bulletin of A. A. P. G. Vol. 41, No.3, and southwestern New Mexico. P.P. 25-30. ~farch 1957. 8. Thomas, George C., 1959, Mississippian Gilluly, James, 1956, Geology of Central Cochise systems of southeastern Arizona. P.P. 31-33. County, Arizona, United States Geological 9. Havenor, K. D., 1959, Pennsylvanian sys­ Survey Professional Paper No. 281. tems of southeastern Arizona. P.P. 34-37. Leonard, ...... and Wilson, Dr. Roy, 1930? 10. Bryant, Donald L., 1959, Marker zones Geology of the KIene Structure, Whetstone in the Permian of southeastern Arizona. Mountain area, Pima County, Arizona, Priv­ P.P. 38-42. ate Report. 11. Fergusson, William B., 1959, Cretaceous MacKay, D. K., 1939, Geology of the KIene Struc­ systems of southeastern Arizona. P.P. 43. ture in Arizona; W'hetstone Mountain Area, 48. Oil Weekly, Vol. 93, No. 10, P.P. 44-46. Map 14. Johnson, Phillip IV., 1959, Test holes in (1939) . southern Arizona valleys. P.P. 62-66. Arizona Geological Society, Southern Arizona 18. Wilson, Eldred D. and Moore, Richard T., Guide Book No.2 and 2nd Annual Arizona 1959, Structure of Basin and Range prov­ Geological Society Digest, 1959. ince in Arizona. P.P. 89-106. 3. Pye, Williard D., 1959, Sedimentational 21. Galbraith, F. W., 1959, The Empire Moun­ History of Southeastern Arizona. P. P. 5-11. tains, Pima County, Arizona. P.P. 127-134. 4. Lance, John F., 1959, Precambrian Rocks 23. Cooper, John R., 1959, Some geologic fea­ • of Southeastern Arizona, P.P. 12-16. tures of the Dragoon quadrangle, Arizona . I • 6. Dickinsqn, Robert G., 1959, Cambrian and P.P. 139-145 . '0 '0 '8 0 .~ i? ~ J ~ 29 I I " i i

I GEOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF wildcat tests during the past forty years. While T i------____U____ T ___ ~ ___H______i- OIL and GAS POSSIBILITIES OF no production has been attained in this portion ~~ I : SOUTHWESTERN ARIZONA • of Arizona, there are certain geological questions which remain unanswered and which present pos­ I, Donald P. McCarthy I sibilities that have not been tested. Mesa, Arizona I The northeastern one-fourth of this broad I I area has a relatively high topography comprised of ABSTRACT I, Southwestern Arizona including Yuma, Mari­ the transition zone lying between the plateau in , copa, Pinal, western Pima and eastern Yavapai the northern part of the state and the low desert I Counties lies within the Basin and Range Physio­ on the south with its rugged north to northwest graphic Province. The northeastern part of the alligned mountain ranges separated by broad flat area is a mountainous transitional zone marking valleys. There is an extreme range in the elevation the boundary between the Basin and Range and from nearly 7800 feet in the Bradshaw Moun­ the Plateau Province. Southwest of the mountains tains, near Prescott, to less than 140 feet above the remainder of the area is low desert, basins and sea-level along the Colorado River at Yuma. Ap­ mountains. proximately one-half of the area lies below 2000 The Paleozoic sedimentary history of the re­ feet elevation. gion is closely related to tectonic elements formed The main drainage system is the westward during the Pre-Cambrian including a highland in flowing Gila River which rises in the mountains central Arizona called Mazatzal-land. Paleozoic to the east, and togther with its tributary complex, . sediments were deposited in southwestern Arizona the Salt, Verde, Hassayampa, Santa Cruz, and around the southwestern end of this land area. Santa Rosa, drain the waters from the south­ Mesozoic deposition was more restricted in western part of the state into the Colorado River southwestern Arizona, however in Triassic-Jurassic near Yuma. The Bill Williams River forming the time, a deep geosyncline is believed to have ex­ extreme northwestern boundary of the area like­ tended from western Sonora, Mexico to California­ wise empties into the Colorado River. Nevada crossing the southwestern corner of Yuma OUTLINE OF THE GEOLOGY County. A thick section of marine sandstone, lime­ For over 60 years excellent detailed reports stone and shale was deposited in Sonora and may ARIZONA be present in the subsurface of southwestern Yuma of isolated mining districts in this area have been County. Cretaceous rocks are predominantly conti­ published by both private and government agen­ nental volcanics and clastics. cies. As a result there is probably more under­ standing of the crystalline rocks, their relation­ Cenozoic deposits consist mainly of continent­ FIGURE 1. Map of Arizona showing the Southwestern Quadrant de.cribed ships, and economics than there is of the sedi­ al deposits limited to the basins formed during in Geological Evaluation of Oil and Gas possibilities of Southwestern mentary series which have been given close study this period and represents alluvial material eroded Arizona. Cross-hatched areas - Most favorabLe for Oil and Gas. from the local mountains. In southwestern Yuma only when they also are present locally and relate County, over 1000 feet of brackish water and ma­ to mining. In the past 20 years much of the sedi­ Cordilleran Geosyncline along the western edge ty; the Providence Mountains in California to rine sediment accumulated which has been dated mentary history of southwestern Arizona and ad­ of Arizona and the Sonora Geosyncline to the the west; the Grand Canyon, northern Yuma on fossil evidence as probably Pliocene. joining areas has been studied and progress can be reported. south and east. A highland area in central Ari­ County, and the Jerome area to the north; and The two most favorable areas for oil and gas zona called Mazatzal Land (Wilson, 1939) ex­ in Sonora State, Old Mexico to the south. in the southwestern quadrant are: (1) Eastern Briefly outlined is the following geologic his­ tended southwestward toward Yuma as a Low In the succeeding Mesozoic, the eastern por­ Yavapai County adjacent to the plateau where tory based upon rocks ranging in age from pre­ ridge over which Paleozoic seas shallowed. There tion of this quadrant, in response to regional up­ marine Paleozoic rocks are known to exist. Cambrian to Tertiary exposed in the mountain ranges, and upon Tertiary and Recent basin de­ is good evidence however, for believing that Cam­ lift apparently received no sediment during the (2) Southwestern Yuma County where ma­ posits. brian, Devonian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian Triassic and Jurassic. However, a deep marine nne beds of Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic During both older and younger Pre-Cam­ seas covered most of southwestern Arizona. (Gil­ geosyncline is postulated extending from western Systems may be present in the subsurface. brian, major sedimentation, folding on a grand luly, 1946) (McKee, 1947) (Wanless, 1949 and Sonora State, Mexico across the southwestern INTRODUCTION scale, igneous intrusion, metamorphism, and pene­ Wilson, rec. in McKee, 1951). Although direct corner of Arizona into Nevada and California on Southwestern Arizona, including the coun­ planation is recorded, thus setting the tectonic evidence in the form of known outcropping rocks the basis of mingling of Mediterranean and West­ ern American faunas in the Nevada-California ties of Yuma, Maricopa, Pinal, westernmost Pima stage which influenced succeeding Paleozoic depo­ of those ages is limited to adjacent areas; such as, and eastern Yavapai, has been the site of several sition. The major tectonic features included the • the Vekol Mountains in southwestern Pinal Coun- area. (Muller, and Ferguson, 1936, reported in

30 31 King, 1939). This geosyncline was the site of de­ The thickness, determined largely by the re­ The middle unit ranges from 65 to 78 feet Slst1l1g of limestone blocks and chert pebbles ce­ position in Triassic and Jurassic time of the Bar­ lief of the eroded Pre-Cambrian rocks, varies from in thickness and consists of dolomite and calcite, mented by red silty material. Succeeding this is ranca Formation including over 7000 feet of ma­ a few inches to about 100 feet in this area, averag­ with dolomite predominate. 350 to 450 feet of thin impure gray-lavender lime­ rine sandstone, fossiliferous limestone, and shale. ing about 40 to 50 feet. The upper unit is comprised of about 250 feet stone interbedded with red siltstone. The lithologic (Keller, 1928) (Tenney, 1930) (King, 1939) Lithology of the Tapeats (?) consists of a of thin to thick-bedded light gray dolomitic lime­ similarity of these lower Supai beds to the upper (Cooper and Arellano, 1946). Tenney concludes lower unit of coarse-grained sandstone, and peb­ stone separated by thin interbeds of limy siltstone Supai and the absence of any depositional or fossil that these early Mesozoic sediments were folded ble conglomerate in thin to thick beds separated and shale. The uppermost 50 feet of this unit in­ break in this vicinity has made the subdivisions of into a mountain chain, and in southwestern Ari­ by siltstone partings. The color is usually dark­ cludes gray-pink dolomitic limestone with many the Supai into distinct systems for each period zona, were eroded away before Cretaceous time. reddish brown. The upper unit of the Tapeats (?) inclusions of light-red sandstone masses from less impractical at the present time. King has commented that there is no strong field comprises siltstone, claystone, and marl. The color than 1 inch to 9 inches in length. Abundant corals Total thickness of the Supai is probably about evidence of such an unconformity but strongly is much lighter than the sandstone below ranging of both solitary and reef-like colonian types occur 2000 feet in eastern Yavapai County. supports Tenney's views concerning the existence in a 7-foot bed about 100 feet below the top of through yellowish-gray to pale olive. MESOZOIC of the T riassic-Jurassic Marine basin. The pres­ this unit. Triassic and Jurassic rocks have not been dis­ ently undifferentiated Mesozoic outcrops in Yuma ORDOVICIAN tinguished in southwestern Arizona. As previously County may belong to the Barranca Series. Ordovician rocks are thought to be absent MISSISSIPPIAN noted, the units mapped as undifferentiated Meso­ The Cretaceous in the quadrant of the state altogether from southwestern Arizona. It is pos­ As noted above, Mississippian rocks are in­ zoic in many localities of Yuma County, notably is represented mainly by volcanic rocks denoting sible however, that they were deposited to some cluded with the Devonian in certain northern in the Castle Dome, Kofa, Dome Rock, and New renewed structural instability. Diastrophism con­ extent in the Cordilleran Geosyncline along the Yuma County outcrops. In the Vekol Mountains Water Mountains are possibly Triassic and Jur­ tinued into the Tertiary and down to Recent time. western margin of the state. of Pinal County, 450 feet of Mississippian (Esca­ brosa) limestone and chert occur. assic in age and may be shoreward facies of the Tertiary and Quaternary rocks consist prin­ SILURIAN In eastern Yavapai County, at Jerome, a dis­ thick Barranca Marine Formation which has been cipally of continental deposits ranging from prob­ Silurian sediments have not been identified in conformity separates the Mississippian Redwall described in northwestern Sonora State, Old Mex­ able Eocene, described by Lasky and Webber, southwestern Arizona. (1949) in southern Mohave County to Recent, in­ from the underlying Devonian rocks, however the ICO. cluding the alluvial material which fills the inter­ DEVONIAN absence of any thick breccia or conglomerate zone CRETACEOUS mountain basins throughout the area. Probable outcrops of Devonian age are repre­ at the base of the Redwall suggests only a brief Volcanic rocks of andesitic composition in­ sented in northern Yuma County in several thrust cessation of deposition. cluding fragmental conglomerates of andesite, as DESCRIPTIVE GEOLOGY sheets which have been mapped as undifferentiated Thickness of the Redwall in this vicinity varies well as rhyolite, comprise the Cretaceous in the PRE-CAMBRIAN ROCKS Carboniferous-Devonian Limestone. Several hun­ from about 250 feet to over 350 feet consisting of southwestern quadrant. A few lesser outcrops in The Pre-Cambrian consists of schist, granite, dred feet of limestone are present which include white to gray-pink, coarsely crystalline limestone. the desert ranges of southern Yuma as well as granite-gneiss, quartzite, greenstone, and related dark-gray, somewhat silicified massive to medium Some beds arc abundantly fossiliferous consisting along the Bill Williams River and in east-central metamorphic and igneous rocks which outcrop in beds. almost wholly of fossils, particularly crinoids. Yuma County composed of sandstone, shale, con­ certain of the mountain ranges from the north­ In southwestern Pinal County, in the Vekol Subdivisions of the Redwall can be made as glomerate, and occasionally limestone occupy the eastern corner of Yuma County across Maricopa Mountains, the Martin consists of about 250 feet follows: The lower 75-foot interval is very oolitic. Cretaceous-Early Tertiary interval. The Creta­ and Pinal Counties to the eastern Bradshaw Moun­ of sandstone, dolomite, and limestone. (McCly­ This is succeeded by about 75 feet of limestone ceous is also marked by intrusions of granite and tains. These rocks do not include petroleum source monds, 1959). characterized by irregular masses of chert. The by numerous rhyolite and andesite dikes and or reservoir beds. upper part, about 150 feet thick, is yellowish-gray, In eastern Yavapai County, the Upper De­ plugs. vonian is represented by the Martin Limestone. massive, thick-bedded, very fossiliferous limestone. PALEOZOIC ROCKS In this vicinity the Martin is 505 feet thick at On outcrop, the Redwall frequently stands as CENOZOIC CAMBRIAN Jerome. On the western flank of Mingus Moun­ a massive white cliff marked by small solution There is little to distinguish the early Ter­ While the Mazatzal region in central Arizona taip. west of Jerome it is 415 feet thiclc It can be caves accented with brick-red clay sediment which tiary deposits from the foregoing Cretaceous in was a land area during the Cambrian it is probable southwestern Arizona. With the differentiation of divided into four units: The lower unit, from 35 . is residual from solution of the limestone. that Cambrian sediments accumulated southwest­ to 55 feet thick, consists of gray-brown impure the basin and range physiography during the Ter­ ward across Maricopa and Yuma Counties. The dolomitic limestone and dolomite in thin to me­ PENNSYLVANIAN AND PERMIAN tiary, alluvial material began to accumulate in Cambrian Troy Quartzite outcrops in eastern dium beds. Impurities consist of clay and aren­ In the Vekol Mountains of southwestern Pinal the basins. Intermountain lakes were formed in Pinal County. Northwest of Mazatzal-Land, in aceous material with some evidence of cross-bed­ County, the Horquilla Limestone of Pennsylvanian some basins from at least the Middle Tertiary to eastern Yavapai County, the oldest Paleozoic rock ding. age is approximately 500 feet in thickness. (McCly­ late Pleistocene, such as, the Miocene Lake in the is believed to be Cambrian and is considered to be The second unit, consists of light gray, dense monds, 1959). lower Verde River Valley, Maricopa County and a corrollary of the Tapeats Sandstone of the to fine crystalline limestone beds totalling about The basal Supai represents Pennsylvanian the Pliocene-Pleistocene Lake in the upper Verde Grand Canyon Region. This sandstone which is 100 feet in thickness. Some chert nodules occur in rocks in eastern Yavapai County where it discon­ Valley near Cottonwood, Yavapai County. Lake overlain by Devonian rocks could be a basal De­ this unit and a pale red sandy zone up to 10 feet form ably overlies the Mississippian Redwall, the deposits include fine sandy siltstone, clay, marl, vonian sandstone. thick forms a good marker bed near the top. • contact zone being marked by a rubble zone con- and fresh-water limestone aggregating several hun-

32 33 dred to perhaps a few thousand feet in thickness. sic, and perhaps even Paleozoic age. In this regard THE GEOLOGY AND CLIMATE In the Yuma vicinity, marine and brackish it is noteworthy that the oldest outcropping rocks GAS and OIL POSSIBILITIES The Strip Country is predominantly a semi­ water faunas considered to be probably Pliocene in the southern part of Ymna County are Mesozoic OF NORTHWESTERN ARIZONA desert region with the annual precipitation averag­ were identified in well cuttings in the interval from sediments and the character and age of the under­ ing 10 to 16 inches. This moisture comes in the 2700 feet to at least 4000 feet, from Colorado lying rocks are altogether unknown. Geophysical By: Cloyd W. Swapp, Geologist form of light snows during the winter months with Basin Associates, Federal No.1; Sec. 24 - 10 S - prospecting might find some application in the Valen Oil & Minerals Corp. some rain common in early spring and again dur­ 24 W., Yuma County. (Paleontologic summary on area to outline favorable structural conditions. Phoenix, Arizona ing July and August. Temperatures for the sum­ file with Arizona State Oil and Gas Commission) . Other alluvial filled basins in the area are June 5, 1961 mer months average 90° to 95° with the winter Quaternary deposits are characterized by not considered favorable because the surrounding lows being near zero. many basalt flows in southwestern Arizona. Detrital ranges include metamorphosed Pre-Cambrian INTRODUCTION material similar to the Tertiary deposits continued rocks for the most part, which probably reflect the Northwestern Arizona has long been con­ LAND STATUS to accumulate in the basins from Quaternary to character of the rock under the valley fill. sidered a highly promising potential oil and gas There are six to seven thousand square miles Recent. PUBLICATIONS CITED producing province. The basic geologic require­ comprising this section of the state, approximately Anderson, C. A., and Creasey, S. C., 1958, Geology 90;/'0 of this being Federal, 8'/0 State, 1 Indian STRUCTURE ments for accumulation of oil and gas deposits are % and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Reservation and 1 privately owned insofar as The southwestern quadrant of Arizona lies in known to exist. This portion of Arizona constitutes % County, Arizona; U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. mineral ownership is concerned. There are ap­ the Basin and Range Physiographic Province one of the few remaining unexplored and untested Paper 308, 185 p. proximately two million acres under lease for oil which is characterized by relatively short and nar­ potential oil and gas areas in this country where Cooper, G. A., and Arellano, R. V., 1946, Strati­ and gas in this area at this time. row mountain ranges generally having a north to relatively large leaseholds may be acquired at northwest trend, and which protrude through a graphy near Caborca, northwest Sonora, Mex­ reasonable cost. Justification of an extensive and A substantial number of the major oil com­ ico :Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., comparatively flat alluvial plain resulting from intelligent exploratory drilling program in this panies and many independent oil operators are v. 30, p. 606-611. partial filling of the intermountain valleys with area should be reasonably established by carefully presently represented in the area. Prominent detrital material. This configuration is chiefly the Gilluly, J., 1946, The Ajo Mining District, Arizona: considering the geologic and economic analysis among these are: Sun Oil; Pan-American; Ten­ U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 209, 112 p. result of more or less complex faulting which has presented herewith. nessee Gas; Humble; Superior; El Paso Natural Keller, W. T., 1928, Stratigraphische Beobach­ acted during the Cretaceous-Tertiary interval and Gas Products; Skelly; Texaco Co.; Frankfort Oil; LOCATION continued up to probably Recent time. Low angle tungen in Sonora, N. W. Mexico: Soc. Helvi­ Sunray Midcontinent; and PUBCO; also, Valen This report is specifically concerned with that thrust faults occur in northern Yuma County. In tique Sci. Nat. Actes, 109th Sess., p. 170-172. Oil and Minerals, Phoenix; Earl Rodman, Phoe­ part of the Northwestern quadrant of the State addition, normal and steep-angle reverse faults King, R. E., 1939, Geological reconnaissance of nix and Odessa, Texas; James P. Sloss, Denver; of Arizona commonly known as the Arizona Strip are commonplace in all parts of the quadrant. In northern Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico: Owanah Oil Co., Salt Lake City; Paul Barnhardt, Country. The writer feels that due to the scarcity some cases the up-faulted segments are tilted and Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 50, p. 1625-1722. Houston, Texas; Skyline Oil Co., Salt Lake City McClymonds, N. 1959, Pre-cambrian and Pal­ of subsurface data and the infrequency of the oc­ may even be strongly folded. The mountains are E., and many others who are represented by brokers eozoic sedimentary rocks on the Papago In­ currence of sedimentary outcrops in that part of usually cut by subsidiary faults. The alluvial ma­ where . actual ownership cannot be currently dian Reservation, Arizona: Ariz. Geol. Soc. northwestern Arizona, south of the Colorado terial filling the basins prevents observation of identified. Guidebook 11. p. 77 - 84. River, that a proper evaluation of the oil and gas both the rock types and the degree of deforma­ HISTORY OF EXPLORATION tion of the "bedrock" underlying them. McKee, E. D., 1947, Paleozoic seaways in western possibilities cannot be postulated at this time. This Arizona: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists area, however, definitely cannot be condemned The first known attempt to find oil in this OIL AND GAS POSSIBILITIES BulL, v. 31, p. 282-292. and its potential will be re-evaluated at a later section of the state was a hole drilled about 1926 The question of oil and gas prospects in south­ ...... , 1951, Sedimentary basins of date when more geological control has been estab­ to a reported depth of 900 feet. This test was western Arizona is twofold. First, is the paramount Arizona and adjoining areas: Geol. Soc. lished. Therefore, this report is confined specifically drilled in T. 41N, R. 9W, on the Antelope Springs question of the existence of suitable sedimentary America Bull., v; 62, p. 481-506. to a geologic study and evaluation of the oil and Structure. Since that time there have been a total source beds and second, is the problem of prospect­ Tenney, J. B., 1930, Relation of the ore deposits gas possibilities of the Strip Country. of nine tests attempted on the Arizona Strip. Of ing methods to explore for adequate traps beneath of the southern Rocky Mountain region to The Arizona Strip is that portion of the State the nine, only three were drilled to a depth of the alluvial material which obscures the underly­ the Colorado Plateau (discussion) : Colo. SCI. lying north and west of the Colorado River in more than 3,000 feet and none penetrated the pre­ ing rock in the basins. Soc., Proc., v. 12, p. 269-277. Mohave and Coconino Counties. It is bordered on Cambrian. Eight of the nine reported one or more The two most favorable areas are: Eastern Wanless, H. R., 1949, Letter and measured sec­ the west by Nevada and by Utah on the north. fair to good shows of oil. Yavapai County adjacent to the Plateau. Marine tions to Dr. E. D. Wilson, Ariz. Bur. Mines, (See Fig. 1). Access to the area is available via A well drilled in late 1959 by J. Ray McDer­ Paleozoic rocks are known here and thin or con­ Aug. 25, 1949. U.S. Highway 89A through the eastern portion HIott approximately six miles north of the state cordant Tertiary beds give opportunity for struc­ Wilson, E. D., 1939, Precambrian Mazatazal revo­ with U. S. 91 crossing the northwest corner. Num­ line in Utah is considered to have particular sig­ tural mapping. Specifically this area is the Upper lution in central Arizona: Geol. Soc. America erous secondary roads adjoining these main arteries nificance to this northwestern part of Arizona. This Verde River Valley in the Cottonwood vicinity. Bull., v. 50, p. 1113-1164. lend ready access to most sections where explora­ test penetrated practically the entire Paleozoic sec­ Southwestern Yuma County presents a possi­ ...... and others, Geologic maps of Yuma, tory drilling is indicated based on present geolog­ tion comparable in Arizona as shown in Fig. 2. It bility for marine beds of Tertiary, Jurassic-Trias- { Maricopa, Pinal, Yavapai Counties, Arizona. . ical control. encountered over two hundred feet of good oil

34 35 f i

@ A' H

CROSS-SECTION NORTHWESTERN ARIZONA f l­ lL

\ 6.000 ( 5.000 4.000 t 3.000 2.000

r 1.000 CD II>JOICAT.S LOCATION Of:. c.O~eESPoW. DINGo c.oLUMNS BASE LEVEL IIJ 1'1 Go.:L. 1.000 . ' 8EGIONAL 5TeUcTUe~ ~dIND&X ~~7f-;-;~-;:-;~:-7-~..s.c___ L--'---x ' • , x 2.000 x '" ' . , . 2 AR.IZO~A STRIP . . 3.000 N OR,TH\,/E ST AR 1ZO N A o 10 FIG.:3 20 :J<) Ma .. KAIDAD UPLIFT NEVADA BORDER tt·.:::;:."3:'"" ==:r::===::±:=::::11 ',,0:E332EE30==='0I!!!!!!!!!!...,;2;;,j0i;;;;;;;=;;;;;;;i3i;i0B!!!!!!!!!!!!.fO MI L ES

F 16. C.\V. S\vAP shows which encouraged the operator to do consid­ faults which divide the province into plateaus, fig. GE-OL..oc;.lsr JUNE: 5,1<;)" 1 erable testing. Evidence indicated that this well 3. The Colorado River separates the Coconino probably lacked only the porosity and permeability Plateau on the south from the Shivwits, Uinkaret, necessary in the critical areas to make a com­ Kanab and Kaibab Plateaus on the north. In addi­ (f) ® @ mercial producer. tion to this, there are numerous minor faults and

Mc.DiR!MOTT"'" sTATE- TIDE-VA-rEi! KAISAa Many major and independent oil companies foldings. The prevailing regional dip over the ma­ ;2,.-+! s., ~\". G.ULC~ *-42.5'1.2.\-.1. KANE- c.o., UTAH KANe CO.,UTAH. have done surface geological map work and at jority of the area is about 2° to 5° northeast. KA1BAe. least two major company seismograph crews have In the past, it has been the opinion of some

TO reo ,\lE-AP spent considerable time in the area within the past geologists that this portion of the Great Basin is five years. not favorable for the accumulation of oil and gas HE1C!MIT The nearest production to the area under due to the section being cut by the Grand Canyon. discussion is approximately 15 miles north of the In view of the following, it is thought that this SUPA1 Arizona line known as the Virgin Oil Field and is criticism is entirely unfounded. located in T. 41S, R. 12W, in Washington County, Normally the primary objective III locating Utah. This field produces from the Timpoweap drill sites in a new area is where there is evident

Iia'E-D'\lALL member of the Moenkopi which is at the base of structural control. This type control can be found the Triassic. The next closest production is that of along the major fault zones due to nosing and in the Shell Oil Company in Railroad Valley, Nye numerous low anticlinal folds, which appear to County, Nevada. This lies more toward the central be associated with the faulting. part of the Great Basin. There is divided opinion At this point, I wish to establish the fact that as to the source of the oil in this field, however, this control was in place during or previous to it is believed to be of Paleozoic origin and to have the cutting of the Paleozoic section by the Colorado migrated through vertical fractures into Tertiary River. The earliest time that this chasm could structural traps. have been cut has been established by C. R. Long­ well (1) as being Pliocene or later. The exact tim­ STRUCTURE ing on the structural control has not been so well 10 20. '0 Major structural features of this area are the established, but it is generally recognized that much xxx 500 1 Hoel;z.ONTAL SCALE- IN MILes Grand Canyon or Kaibab Uplift, the Virgin Moun­ of the movement on the major fault zones occurred o tains, and three major north trending high angle pre-Grand Canyon and contemporaneous with the VEeTICAL SCALe- IN. F-I-VT • E. -\J. COL U M N A R. 5 f= C T ION 5 A LON G LIN E A -A FIG. 2. C.·".I. S\\IAP 37 c;,aOLOC:;IST JUNE- .5.I~~1 FIG.4 CORRELATIONS FOR NORTHWESTERN ARIZONA

After - C. R. Longwell, Andrew H. McNair, Edwin D. McKee, H. E. Gregory and others regional uplift of the Kaibab. The only portion of the Mesozoic beds con­ r ERA OR Gregory (2) says, "The field evidence leads sidered to be of any importance, oil and gas wise, PERIOD FORMATION THICKNESS FT. CHARACTER REMARKS to the conclusion that the greater part of the dis­ in the area, would be the basal lime and sandstone members of the Moenkopi. These members are Muddy Creek 1500' f Red, brown, cream colored clay, silt and Po •• ible considerable thickness of placement along the major faults was accom­ Tertiary .and with consider_ble evaporite beds. Tertiary formations in Virgin River plished before, rather than after, the great denuda­ known to be petroliferous in numerous outcrops in Horse Springs Valley. tion." He is of the opinion that the antiquity of southwest Utah and northwest Arizona. the first movements on these faults is reflected by Cretaceous (Cretaceous very limited and of no significance oil & gas-wise in this area.) PALEOZOIC SECTION areas such as that between Alton and Glendale III Glen Canyon PERMIAN and PENNSYLVANIAN sections Jurassic Group 1000 - 2000' Red, white, brown sandstones and shales. Very limited extent in this area. Utah along the Sevier Fault and also south of Pipe Springs, Arizona. These zones show little or are represented by limestones, sandstones, shales, no escarpment along the fault, indicating long evaporites and dolomites with considerable inter­ Chinle 800 - 2500' Vari-colored sandstones, ahales, clay red, Limited extent and of little tonguing evident, which is typical of the transgres­ gray. importance. periods of erosion since the movement. In other Triassic sive and regressive phases of a shore line profile. areas of the faulting, well-defined escarpments are Shinarump 10 - 150' Buff, white cse. 8S and Congo These formations have numerous zones which in evidence of some movement at a later date. could serve as source and reservoir beds for oil Moenkopi 1200 - 2200' Brown analea, s •• Cyp. Oil from Base Member at Virgin Field The western one-eighth of the Strip Country S. Central Utah. and gas accumulation. In addition, they avail con­ or that part lying west of the Grand Wash Fault is siderable possibilities of stratigraphic traps. PALEOZOIC Toroweap 500' Gray ls. white, gray GypSUM, red mudstones. Oil shows in Tenn. Gas 11. Gov. generally considered to be within the Basin and and in Western-Valen Fed. 11. Range Province. This fault line serves as a distinct MISSISSIPPIAN Redwall limestone and its Coconino o - 200' Tan - white quartz 8S. Oil .bows in numerous teats in S. boundary with Basin and Range type s.tructure western equivalent, the Rogers Spring, is one of Central Utah and NW Arizona. in great evidence to the west of it. This general the more consistent and outstanding formations in zone is also significant in that it represents the the section. It has become more important in re­ Hermit 600 - 800' Red - Pink fine grain ss. and shale. Permian hinge line area going into the Great Basin. cent years due to its encouraging oil indications Supai(ea.t) 400 - 1200' Red - gray - pink sandstonea. Contained much dead oil atain in According to G. VV. Knebel and Rodriquez in south central Utah and northeast Arizona. Queantoweap(west) Falcon Seaboard - Valen Antelope (3), the hinge zone, in both depositional and The Muddy Peak limestone along the Nevada test. Pakoon o - 700' Tan - gray dolomitic lime. tone. structural type basins, is the source of over 50/0 border and its eastern equivalent, the Martin of the oil produced in the world. Limestone, represents the DEVONIAN Period in the section. The Temple Butte formation also of Pennsyl­ Upper Callville STRATIGRAPHY vanian Lower Callville 0 - 700' Gray liaiestone. Oil shows in Tenn. Gas 11 Gov., Devonian age, and generally correlated with the Mohave Co. Probable equivalent in Every period of the Paleozoic era, except the above formations, extends from the Grand Canyon part to Hermosa of SE Utah. Silurian, has representation in this part of the north into Utah. state. (See Fig. 4). The Ordovician, however, is Mississip­ Rogers Spring(west) Good shows of oil in McDermott 11 limited to the northwest and possibly the northeast ORDOVICIAN Pogonip (?) formation is pian Redwall (east) 500 - 800' Gray limestone with brown-red chert. State. Produced some 17 gravity portions. The thickness of the Paleozoic section shown by McNair (4) as being 216 feet thick along oil Calco Upper Valley Hl in Garfield County, Utah. ranges from about 7500 feet near the Nevada the eastern border of Nevada. The Tidewater Kai­ border in the northwest to approximately 5500 bab Gulch well on the north end of the Kaibab feet along the Grand Canyon to the south. Uplift logged approximately 200 feet of Ordo­ Devonian Muddy Peak(west) Martin-Temple 300 - 600' Gray limestones and dolomitic limestones. In addition to the Paleozoic sections, there are vician. There are no Ordovician outcrops in the Butte limited outcrops of Triassic and Jurassic beds with Grand Canyon nor was any encountered in the some Cenozoic formations present in the extreme McDermott No. 1 State in Kane County, Utah. Silurian (None Present) northwest corner of the state. This would indicate probably pinch out zones in The extent of the Cenozoic beds is not fully the Ordovician along the northwest and the north­ east po"rtions of the Strip Country. Ordovician POlonip (1) 0 - 200' Glauconitic limestone. Present in NW & HE part of Strip known where they are deposited in the Littlefield­ Country. Beaver Dam areas. There are no outcrops expos­ In the Grand Canyon area the typical CAM­ ing the full section here and the deepest well BRIAN section consists of the Tapeats sandstone, Undiff. Dol. la.O - 700' Brown - gray dolomitic Is. Oil .hows in McDermott Hl State. drillcd in the vicinity did not exceed 2000 feet. the Bright Angel shale and Muave limestone. Mc­ Peasley-Muave 400 - 800' Brown - gray Is. with some shales. Oil shows in Tidewater Kaibab This was drilled by the Rio Virgin Oil Company Nair (4) shows approximately 700 feet of undif­ Gulch test. in 1930-31, and was reported to have quit in the ferential dolomitic limestone above the Peasley or Muddy Creek formation. This formation of Mio­ Muave in the Virgin Mountains which is desig­ Chisholm sh. 0 - 71' Green-brown calc. sh.) • Equivalent in part to upper cene age is exposed on the surface throughout nated as Cambrian. As shown in Fig. 1, this section Lyndon h. 0 - 88' Gray-brown is. ) Bright Angel. most of the Virgin River Valley which includes is also present in the Western-Valen well and the Cambrian Bright Angel- 300 - 600' Green-brown shales with 80me sandstones the extreme northwest corner of the state, McDermott No. 1 State, Pioche and limestones. Tapeats ss. 300 - 500' Gray-tan sandstones and quartzite. Oil shows in Collinl-Cobb teat of N. Central Arizona

38 portant STRUCTURAL TIMING VS. MIGRA­ 244, PP 817-35, 1946. The CAMBRIAN section of this area has be­ DRILLING CONDITIONS (2) Gregory, H. E., Geology and Geography of come more significant as a possible oil objective in Exploratory drilling problems in this area are TION PERIOD, are all present in the Arizona the Zion Park Region, Utah; U. S. Geol. the past few years. This is due to the encouraging not materially different nor are exploratory costs Strip Country. It is the writer's considered opinion that posi­ Survey Prof. Paper 220, PP 142-3, 1950. shows in this section in the McDermott No.1 State, appreciably higher than in similar areas throughout (3) Knebel, G. W., and Rodriquez-Eraso, G., Tidewater's Kaibab Gulch test and the older Col­ the Rocky Mountain Region. With the selection tive geologic thinking and a well planned and (1956), Habitat of Some Oil; Am. Assoc. lins-Cobb test along the west flank of the Kaibab of proper size and type of equipment, careful efficiently executed exploratory drilling program Petroleum Geol. Bulletin, Vol. 40, PP 547- Uplift in Coconino County. planning on the part of the operator in consider­ in this section of the state will result in the dis­ 561. ing the known characteristics of each formation covery of new oil and gas accumulations of com­ (4) McNair, Andrew H., Paleozoic Stratigraphy SURFACE STRUCTURES to be drilled and the employment of competent mercial importance. of Part of Northwestern Arizona, Bull. A. A. P. G., I t is a natural and reasonable tendency for drilling crews, no exceptional or expensive drilling (1) Longwell, C. R., How Old is the Colorado Vol. 35 - 514, 1951. the pioneer explorers of a new province to locate problems should be encountered. River? American Journal of Science, Vol. and test first the most prominent or obvious surface In exceptional cases of excessive lost circula­ indicated structures. In so doing, a test of the struc­ tion, particularly in an area short on water, oper­ ture is made in addition to obtaining valuable ators have converted to air equipment and have stratigraphic information. Conservatively, there experienced no special difficulty. are a minimum of ten to fifteen well-defined Cable tools and/or air should be seriously surface structures which have been mapped in the considered, particularly in the completion of ex­ Strip Country; one of which have had a base­ ploratory wells where subnormal reservoir pres­ ment or conclusive test. sures are known or expected to exist. The most prominent of these surface struc- tures are identified and generally referred to as: ECONOMICS 1. Antelope Springs Structures In addition to the known existence of favor­ 2. Toroweap Structure able geological factors requisite to the accumula­ 3. Kaibab Forest Structures tion of commercial oil and gas deposits as outlined 4. Cedar Wash Structure in detail above, the writer would like to point out 5. Wolf Hole Structures that there are certain related factors affecting the 6. Fredonia Structure economics of a drilling play in the area under dis­ 7. Sevier Fault Line Play cussion which should encourage a maximum re­ 8. Hurricane Fault Line Play turn for the oil operator's invested risk dollar. 9. Beehive Structure These are: 10. Houserock Structure 1. Average Rocky Mountain exploratory drill­ STRATIGRAPHIC TRAPS ing costs and conditions. It is this writer's opinion that the importance 2. Exceptionally low cost access roads to lo­ of possible stratigraphic traps in the Arizona Strip cations and location grading. Country cannot be over emphasized. As indicated 3. Proximity to existing crude oil and natural in Fig. 2, pinch out and reefing possibilities in the gas pipelines to known markets. Marine and clastic sediments throughout the Pa­ 4. The existence of a large market demand leozoic section are quite favorable. for natural gas and high gravity crude in California. PINCH OUT POSSIBILITIES 5. The helpful and aggressive attitude of the It can be concluded that the Kaibab Uplift Arizona Oil and Gas Commission and the and for some distance to the northwest was prob­ State Legislature toward oil exploration in ably positive during the early Permian and the Arizona whereby the operator can get an Pennsylvanian times. This condition has resulted early payout and maximum return on his in the pinching out of the Pakoon dolomites of investment. Permian age in addition to the Upper and Lower Callville limestones of Pennsylvanian age. Lower CONCLUSIONS in the Paleozoic section there is evidence to indi­ The basic factors normally considered re­ cate probable pinch out conditions in the Missis­ quisite for oil and gas accumulation, viz: SOURCE sippian, Ordovician, and the Cambrian forma­ BEDS, RESERVOIR BEDS, STRUCTURAL and tions. STRATIGRAPHIC conditions and the all im- Courtesy Rutledge Drilling Company

41 40 GENERAL REVIEW OF ARIZONA may be found either associated or not with petro­ OIL and GAS POSSIBILITIES leum gases. In the Pinta Dome area of north­ and eastern Arizona helium occurs with nitrogen and PRINCIPLES CONTROLLING OIL no hydrocarbon; in the Four Corners, helium has and GAS ACCUMULATION been found with hydrocarbon gases. Carbon diox­ ide or "dry ice" fields are found in Colorado and Willard D. Pye Utah but none have been found to date in Ari­ Professor of Geology zona. University of Arizona PRINCIPLES CONTROLLING OIL Tucson, Arizona AND GAS ACCUMULATION If oil or gas is to be discovered in commercial INTRODUCTION quantities, at least four fundamental requirements The ,industrial development of any nation or must be met. If anyone of these factors is missing, state is to a large extent controlled by its avail­ no commercial production can be expected. The able sources of energy. The principal sources first requirement is the presence of source beds available to Arizona are water power, solar energy, from which oil and gas may have been derived. radioactive minerals, and the mineral fuels. Min­ These source beds generally are black, organic­ eral fuels include coal, gas, and oil. This paper rich shale or limestone rocks. They usually were deals only with the oil and gas resources of Ari­ formed in relatively shallow marine warm water zona. which was filled with minute organisms. These Natural hydrocarbon gas, usually referred to organisms, upon dying, settled to the bottom of simply as natural gas, and oil, collectively known the sea and were swiftly buried by fine mud and as petroleum, are presumably derived from animal lime. Their burial preserved the organic material remains, with possibly some contribution from from destruction whether by oxidation or by being micro-plants. Although the exact mechanism of devoured by scavengers. After burial the muds be­ transition of the well known fats, proteins and came hardened into the organic shales and the t=3 ROCK FRAGMENTS E2J OIL other soft constituents of animals into petroleum lime became limestone. Both of these rocks may contain shells and other visible remains of animals. is unknown, bacteria, time, temperature and pres­ DGAS sure probably are of most importance. The second requirement is an adequate res­ ~ WATER ervoir in which oil and gas that has been derived The mineral fuels may be regarded as solar Fig. I-Diagramatic sketch showing the relationship o'f rock fragments to oil, gas and water from the source beds can be stored. Reservoir beds energy stored in the bodies of organisms during in a porous and permeable reservoir. Water is coating the rock fragments and completely may be any porous and permeable rock, but they past geological ages. It was stored as molecules occupying some of the pores; the oil and gas occupy the balance of the reservoir pore space. generally are either sandstone or carbonate forma­ composed primarily of hydrogen and carbon, thus tions (Figure 1). the terminology "hydrocarbons" for these accumu­ These types of rocks have openings in them lations and "organic chemicals" for some of their scopic to as large as caves in some rare instances. able barrier. Such stratigraphic traps may be in which oil and gas can accumulate and which refined derivatives. During geological time the Occasionally non-porous formations such as shales caused by unconformities, intrusions, lithification, are sufficiently large and connected so that the oil hydrocarbons derived from these dead and buried volcanic and crystalline rocks may be sufficiently solution, cementation, recrystallization, wedgeouts, and gas can migrate or move from where it is organisms were concentrated and refined into the fractured or broken to serve as reservoirs. reefs and related organic growths, changing condi­ generated in the soUrce beds to the reservoir where familiar natural gas and crude oil. The third requirement is a trap to catch tions of sedimentation, and other geologic factors. it is stored. When a well is drilled into the reser­ Some of these traps are shown diagramatically in The stored energy is finally released through voir the oil and gas must be able to migrate migrating oil and gas and to allow them to concen­ the combustion of these residual modified organic trate in sufficient quantities to form a commercial Figure 2. through the pores to the well. Many wells are Finally, the fourth requirement is adequate remains. The hydrogen burns with the oxygen from accumulation. Broadly speaking, most traps are abandoned or "dry" because there is insufficient cover to prevent the oil and gas which may have the air into water and the carbon burns into carbon either (1) folded structures, such as anticlines, porosity in the rock to store the oil or the rock is accumulated in the trap from escaping. Such cover monoxide or carbon dioxide. Unburned carbon too "tight" or impermeable to permit the migra­ domes, terraces, or noses, (2) faulted or broken is generally of some impervious sedimentary rock forms black soot and carbon residuals. Since the tion of the oil and gas into the well. rock structures, or (3) stratigraphic traps. The such as shale. organic remains contain other chemicals as well Reservoir rocks generally are either sandstone latter are traps related to changes in porosity and The presence of all four of these require­ as hydrogen and carbon, other impurities of com­ (rocks composed of sand grains cemented or bound permeability of the rocks. If these changes cause ments does not assure the discovery of oil or gas bustion may result. together to form a solid rock) or carbonate (rocks a reduction in porosity and permeability, migra­ since other factors influence the possibilities, but In some areas other non-hydrocarbon natural composed of lime and related minerals) forma­ tion of oil and gas may be blocked causing an ac­ without these four requirements the chances of gases such as helium, carbon dioxide and nitrogen tions. The size of the pores may range from micro- cumulation of the fluid and gas at the imperme-

43 42 finding commercial accumulations are essentially and to displace the water filling the pores. Like­ nil. wise, oil being lighter than water but heavier than Therefore, in evaluating the petroleum bear- gas will migrate up the dip of the rocks and will ing potential of any given region, it is prudent to accumulate below the gas cap, if one is present. If examine both the stratigraphic section and the none is present, then the oil will fill the crest of structural relationships in detail in order to deter­ the trap; water being heaviest will be found down mine the presence of any source beds, reserVOIr dip from the oil. In general, if oil or gas is to be beds, and traps. found in a trap, it will be found in its highest or Because of the fundamental requirements, crestal point. Therefore, in searching for oil or sedimentary rocks are the usual habitat of oil and gas, acreage underlain by traps is to be sought gas and in particular, marine sediments are most and the structurally highest part of these traps favorable, although oil and gas have been discov­ is most favorable. Exceptions are when the trap ered in non-marine rocks. is only partly filled with water, is dry of water, or Furthermore, in general the thicker the strati­ where there is a strong subsurface flow of water. graphic section, the greater is its oil or gas poten­ In these cases oil and gas may be found down dip tial because there is a greater chance for more from the structurally highest point. It should be source beds, reservoir beds and traps. Conversely, remembered that the contact between the oil and if the section is thin or is composed largely of red water and between the oil and gas is usually gra­ beds and non-marine beds, the probabilities of dational and is not a sharp line; their separation finding oil or gas in it are poor. IS controlled by many reservoir factors. In general the most favorable areas for oil HISTORY OF ARIZONA and gas accumulation are those areas where the OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION rocks have undergone gentle structural deforma­ The earliest known oil test well in Arizona tion, such as occur when rocks are folded into anti­ was drilled during 1906, by A. C. Alexander in v clines, domes, and noses or where simple faulting section 17, T. 5 S., R. 24 E., Graham County. It " v II or breaking has occurred in conjunction with was abandoned as a dry hole at 1,400 feet. Be­ V V V V' simple tilting or folding. Where the beds have been tween the years 1906 and 1948, about 90 addi­ v II V greatly broken and fractured, oil and gas which Y V tional oil test wells were drilled. Many of the data V might have accumulated in a reservoir may have V v v V V V v on these older wells are lacking, although a few " escaped. cases logs and other information have been secured. c D Although plugs formed by small igneous (mol­ Most of these holes were shallow and were located ten rock) or volcanic intrusions may produce without benefit of geology or geophysics, and had ' .. .. ' Sandstone traps, a small intrusive implies additional igneous little relationship to fundamentals controlling the CJ Gas activity at depth. The heat which these molten occurrence of petroleum. Some logs report "shows" @=::? Shale or igneous rocks contained as they were forced of oil and/or gas, but quantative data on these Oil upward through the layers of sedimentary rock shows are lacking. Since 1949, about 150 addition­ Limestone probably will have destroyed any adjacent petro­ al wells have been drilled. For most of them some ~ liferous possibilities unless the intrusion occurred kind of record has been preserved. In many cases Water Iv vIII Cryst alline prior to the time of accumulation of the oil or gas. cuttings, cores or core chips, records of testing, and Y' " Rock Of all the factors controlling the localization other pertinent data are on file. Information on of oil and gas accumulation in an area, the trap these wells has been assembled in the offices of the F~g, ~-Diagrammatic ~ket:h showing typical oil and gas types of traps, (A) Anticlinal trap U. S. Geological Survey, Tucson, in the Depart­ s, oWing gas accumulating In the crest of the structure with oil and water occurrin succes­ is most important. Therefore, the trap is the g ment of Geology and the Arizona Bureau of Mines :h~eIYu~~~lr on the flan~ of, the anticline; this diagram also shows the gradational relation­ objective of the search for potential oil and gas f ~t t \ pr:sent at t e ~,I and gas contact and at the oil and water contact, (B) Simple fields. Since most rock pores were filled with water of the University of Arizona, Tucson, and in the ah~ h rha p bOWIn~ gas and 0" arrested in its migration up-dip by the presence of a fault at the time of their formation, or shortly after office of the Oil and Gas Conservation Commis­ S for~ th roug! impervious shale opposite the porous and pervious sandstone which now their burial, traps which contain no oil or gas sion, Phoenix. Samples of Arizona well cuttings left h de resrbo,~, (C) ~tratigraphic traps where migration of oil and gas is arrested in the may be water producing. This water usually is are available at the Arizona Bureau of Mines. th ,a hOOd y ',berv,ous shale unconformably overlying the porous reservoir sand and in ht strongly saline. However, if any oil or gas is pres­ Records and samples of wells drilled in the northern fa~i;~g (0) ~'I poo y porous sandstone gradually changing up-dip to an impervio~s shale part of the state are on file at the Museum of ' , It a~d gas haccumulating against impervious crystalline rock; the crystalline rock ent in the area, the gas being lightest, will tend to may b Northern Arizona, Flagstaff. later sedimentse an In ruslve h suc b asd a v o,cadnlcI 'I p ug or 'tI may b e an erosIonal ' remnant around which migrate to the structurally highest part of the trap ave een eposlte,

44 45 TABLE I OIL AND GAS POOLS OF ARIZONA (Exclusive of Helium Fields)

Discovery Well Location Pool Name Production and Date

Shell Oil #2 East Boundary Butte 3-41 N-28E East Boundary Mainly gas, some oil; o 1 1954 Butte Hermosa formation 1 at 4540 feet :00 0", Gas, and Condensate; 00 l 0000 EI Paso Natural Gas Co. and 19-41 N-31 E Bita Peak Stanolind Oil and Gas Co. Paradox formation -l-l I' ~o # 1 Bita Peak at 5080 feet o 00 000 00 1956 Franco-Western Oil Co. 22-41 N-28E Toh-ah-tin Gas; ~~,J 0 ~O I # 1 Navajo Paradox formation 1956 at 5359 feet L, L 1 ~ ----1 --, I I Superior Oil Co. 16-41 N-30E Unnamed Gas and Distillate; #2 Navajo H. Paradox formation 1957 at 5000 feet I' l Oil; ,--JlG{ 1 Texas Pacific Coal and Oil Co. # 1 Navajo - 138 1 1-40N-28E Dry Mesa Mississippian I 1 1959 at 5566 feet

I Texaco, Inc. Oil; Navajo I-Z Anethi formation (Devonian), 1960 36-41 N-30E Unnamed 6750 feet, 6.2% helium in \ Mississippian natural gas ......

...... ~ ...... EXPLANATION '-...... of 562 barrels of oil per day from the same forma­ the Pinta helium field are discussed by another Major oil pipelines ...... tion. Subsequent production showed increasing author. "...... -.... ,-- gas, and it is now considered a gas well. Major gas pipelines - t . PETROLEUM POSSIBILITIES OF ARIZONA Oil and gas test wells .... --...... : In addition to the Hermosa formation, pro­ For the purpose of this discussion, Arizona duction has been secured from the Paradox forma­ may be divided into northwestern, northeastern, Fig. 3-Location of oil and gas test wells and major oil and gas pipelines in Arizona. tion (Pennsylvanian), the Mississippian system, southeastern, and southwestern regions. The north­ and the Aneth formation (Devonian) in the Four westerh and northeastern regions comprise, in gen­ eral, the Plateau portion of Arizona. The south­ As Figure 3 shows, the drilling in Arizona Butte well in Sec. 3 T. 41 N., R. 28 E., was com­ Corners. eastern region includes that part of Arizona east has been concentrated particularly in the north­ pleted in 1954 for an initial yield of 2,200,000 No official names as yet have been applied to of Tucson and south of the Plateau, and the eastern and southeastern parts of the State. cubic feet of gas per day from the Hermosa (Penn­ the Arizona fields but informally they have been southern and western parts of Arizona comprise The depth range of most wells has been only sylvanian) formation. This well is considered the called the East Boundary Butte, Bita Peak, Toh­ that portion west of Tucson and south of the a few thousand feet, but a hole 30 miles south discovery well of the East Boundary Butte pool. ah-tin and Dry Mesa. Data on the fields and their Plateau. Other authors discuss each of these of San Simon in Cochise County, reached a total In 1958 the Humble Oil Company No. 1E Navajo location is given in Table 1. Their location is shown regions in detail. The discussion in this paper mere­ depth of 7,579 feet, the deepest to date in Arizona. was drilled in the same pool, and came in as the on Figure 4. ly gives the overall setting. The Shell Oil Company No. 1 Boundary first oil well of Arizona, with initial production The occurrence of helium in Arizona and

47 46 ··MO'HAvi-··---- .. _ ...... -... -4 Z. consists of a series of gently tilted beds which at of gas and oil in wells and at the outcrop. At the :/ .I cocoNma ..... -··-··-··-___NAVA.iO··----IAPACH-E · ----.\1 outcrop it may be very porous, but in the subsur­ ( I .... various points have been broken by major vertical ,/ \ -' ~?··i-- face this porosity may be missing and this may faults or monoclinal folds. South and west of the I ) I Is!i Plateau the structure is more complex and con­ restrict its petroleum potentialities. , "< . I ' I (/ ,. i sists of large scale faulting and in some areas close The Hermosa-Paradox formations occur in ~.~ I': folding. the extreme northeastern corner of the State. These (- Ii' Volcanic rocks between Flagstaff and Selig­ interfingering Permo-Pennsylvanian limestone, red­ ( -j .i I : man cover much of the area, but presumably the bed, evaporite, and shale facies have yielded oil and / I I : underlying sedimentary rocks are similar to those gas in the Four Corners. h~ j Ll , exposed farther north, east and west. The intru­ The pre-Pennsylvanian beds are largely of marine origin. The recent discovery of oil, from / YAVA~;:n .'-----. i·i I I; sives which fed the volcanoes in the area locally / may have destroyed any oil present. In this area, the Mississippian section in the Texas Pacific Coal i ",L, I,:'I determination of structural traps is difficult be­ and Oil Company No_ 1 Navajo-138 well is signif­ cause volcanic flows mask the structure. icant because of the widespread distribution of I 1---, I i 70 , Mississippian rocks in the state. The same is true Oil shows have been reported from a number / '-1 / j for the discovery of Devonian oil in the Texaco, of formations where their edges have been ex­ Navajo l-Z. In many places the Devonian section iii i posed in the canyon walls or where they have been .J"" ./\.! i yields at the outcrop a petroliferous odor. r' GlLA·r- ',,-- " penetrated by wells. Some production has been .Iv'"" The Hopi Buttes volcanic field and other vol­ ( - . secured adjacent to the area in Utah . ._\ , , canic intrusives present in northeastern Arizona The area contains rock units which could /~RiCOPA- -...... J /----.--:i \ L'---'-'---' " may have done no vital damage to the oil poten­ serve both as source and reservoir beds_ Gently . . , j tial, but subsurface volcanic alteration must be / folded and simply faulted structures are present \ - " ) .---1 expected. Likewise, the extensive volcanic fields iv\ '.J /,~ENLEE' which could serve as traps; stratigraphic traps in the Greenlee and southern Apache County i r'-'-'!~ '\.../ - ! may also be present. The possibility that the oil - /-- I areas mask all clues as to subsurface structure and I '''. i \. ('GRAHAM - " and gas may have escaped by flushing or natural i I";;'L-""""; \ f"i , rock composition. The volcanic intrusions and al­ drainage is the main problem in evaluating the i / \//' I terations have probably destroyed any oil and gas I,!' petroleum potentialities of the area. . I ., \ potential which might have been present. !. In summary, the northeastern part of Arizona I,I '\ NORTHEASTERN ARIZONA '-' ,\ contains both source and reservoir beds. Good ...... IPIMA---·-----1--_._. ,- \ ! In northeastern Arizona, Paleozoic rocks are '. / ~.-.---.-.-.- , . structural traps are present. In addition, the pinch­ l overlain by Triassic and Jurassic nonmarine red­ ...... " tcociflsE-·---- / out of the pre-Pennsylvanian marIne section ...... i: beds and sandstones. These in turn are overlain against the Defiance Uplift and other facies ..... -....i...... '/': by Cretaceous marine beds. The Paleozoic section changes may give rise to good stratigraphic traps ...... i I may be thin or almost absent, as on the Defiance in the area. This northeastern Arizona region is Uplift. In other areas the section may be relative­ ...... r.:'-- I ',' ...... !SANTACRUZ potentially one of the more prospective areas of --'7 . ly thick as adjacent to the Paradox Basin . Arizona, but oil and natural gas production will ...... c-' / i Rocks of Cretaceous age largely are limited .... _--.-L--.. __ .. ____ ---1 come from a Poleozoic marine limestone section to the Black Mesa Basin, and because of erosion, rather than from a Cretaceous sand section as in Fig. 4-0il and gas pools of Arizona: (I) East Boundary Butte; (2) Bita Peak; (3) Toh-ah-tin; are relatively thin. Some of the extensive Cre­ New Mexico, Helium, however, also may be pro­ (4) Unna";1ed Paradox gas and distillate; (5) Dry Mesa; (6) Unnamed Devonian oil; (7) Pinta taceous sandstones which produce oil and gas in dome helium area, duced from the non-marine sandstone reservoirs New Mexico are present in the Black Mesa Basin, of the Upper Poleozoic and Mesozoic sections. NORTHWESTERN ARIZONA Paleozoic formations. Locally, deep canyons have but because of thin cover or exposure of their In northwestern Arizona a thick marine sec­ cut entirely through the sedimentary section and edges probably have lost any oil or gas they may SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA tion of rocks occurs. All Paleozoic systems are into the underlying crystalline rocks. Oil and gas have contained. The predominantly non-marine East of Tucson and south of the Plateau represented with the possible exception of the which might have been present in the sedimentary Permian, Triassic and Jurassic sandstone beds occurs a thick section of Paleozoic marine lime­ Silurian and Ordovician systems. Overlying this beds may have escaped through drainage into the serve as reservoirs for gas which may carry appreci­ stone, sandstone and shale beds. This section con­ marine section is a Mesozoic section composed canyons. The Paleozoic section thins rapidly east­ able amounts of helium. tains representatives of all the Paleozoic systems primarily of red beds and sandstone units, Erosion ward, and in some cases entire units may pinch­ The Apache limestone, which occurs within with the possible exception of the Silurian system has removed most of the Mesozoic units and in out. the Supai red bed Permian sequence is a fossilif­ which has not been positively identified in Ari­ cases has beveled the section well down into the Structurally the northern part of the area erous, marine unit which frequently carries shows zona. Rocks of Ordovician age are limited to a

48 49 N ! ----:;;:------1 limestone tongue in extreme eastern Arizona. The are structurally complex and have been mineral­ most favorable rocks for the occurrence of oil or ized to varying degrees. Southward in Mexico a I D~: gas in southeastern Arizona are the Devonian, rather extensive Paleozoic section is present. In Mississippian, Pennsylvanian and Permian marine western Arizona, the mountain blocks appear to I , \ "'f lilll beds. These are predominantly limestone with have essentially no potential oil section; not enough I I some sandstone units. is known of the basins to evaluate adequately their I :

Structurally the rocks show considerable fault­ geology. In general it is believed, on the basis of ~ ~------~~~--- ~~ ing and folding. In places their deformation may water wells and other information, that in the -~~l~------~~------,,~ become very complex. Also, the section locally basin areas marine sedimentary rocks are relatively .'\.. APACHE may be extensively intruded and mineralized. The thin or absent. In the Colorado River area, Ter­ } entire area is broken into narrow, somewhat west tiary marine beds occur but are not considered C o C o N N o z of north trending uplifted mountain blocks separ­ significant. '\ ated by downdropped basins. Any oil or gas in In southern and southwestern Arizona the oil the exposed upper portions of these blocks will potentiality is not considered very great unless in o WILLIAMS have escaped. Within the basins the same Paleo­ some of the basins drilling discovers the presence a FLAGSTAFF zoic section may be present as is found in the of good geological sections. mountains; however, thick sections of sand, gravel POSSIBLE PETROLIFEROUS and other wash off the mountains has masked REGIONS OF ARIZONA the character of the older section and concealed To graphically summarize the oil possibilities its structure. Therefore, within the basins it is of Arizona, a series of maps have been prepared. difficult to predict how much section may be pres· In Figure 5 shows the areas occupied by crystalline I ent, the structural relationships and the degree of rocks. These are either granites and related rocks mineralization and metamorphism, if this has oc­ which were once molten and were forced into the 1° curred. The depth of the basin fill may be sub­ I crust of the earth from great depths, or they are I stantial, since the San Simon well penetrated more metamorphic rocks which are rocks that have been than 7000 feet of this alluvium without passing ,__ ._-34', heated to such an extent that they have been re­ into the underlying bedrock. Elsewhere, the cover I r--I crystallized. None of these crystalline rocks have , , I may be only a relatively few feet thick. any oil potential because heat has destroyed all The exposed post-Paleozoic rocks are largely possibilities for oil or gas to be present in them, I continental redbeds of Upper Cretaceous age. ~.Jr'( and the rocks are essentially non-porous. The one These are overlain by Tertiary rocks which in exception may occur when the rock has been suf­ !GREENLEE: many places include extensive volcanics. In the ficiently fractured to develop porosity and where extreme southeastern portion of the state, the this fractured area is in contact with a source. bed. Lower Cretaceous rocks become marine in charac­ The occurance of such a coincidence is extremely ter with several well developed limestone horizons. rare. Under proper conditions, these marine Cretaceous The map shows the areas at which crystalline beds might carry oil. rocks are exposed at the surface. Since these areas In summary, southeastern Arizona has an ex­ have no possibility of having oil in them, they can cellent stratigraphic section consisting of a thick be ruled out as areas in which to explore for oil. marine section containing source beds, reservoir I t will be noted that these areas generally are beds and facies changes which may produce strati­ associated with the cores of mountain structures. graphic traps, but structural complexities and con­ Crystalline rocks, of course, ultimately at cealed subsurface relationships will make it diffi­ depth underlie all of Arizona. It is upon this base­ cult to evaluate and pin-point traps. C ment that various thicknesses of possibly oil bearing SOUTHWESTERN ARIZONA sediments were deposited. If a well has found no TOM~E Southwestern Arizona consists essentially of commercial accumulation of oil or gas in the sedi­ mountains composed of crystalline and volcanic mentary layers, it may be abandoned when it , ~.,,,0 ~ 110 DOUGLAS I rocks separated by basins which are filled with enters the crystalline basement since there is no --~---- alluvium. There are a few local exposures of possibility of finding oil at a greater depth. The Paleozoic rocks in this area, but most of these above refers to true basement and not to a lava Fig. 5-Areas of crystalline (igneous and metamorphic) rock outcrops in Arizona; mostly of Precambrian age. Crystalline rocks have no oil potential.

51 50

______.-.,iSI UTA H u T A H N -, N 111 0 I ~ , -----, i I i I, I 11 1/ 1 '" 1'1 J Cl I r. ~/.~ I I I ~ 3 6 ' ~ ~ _ ~ _ _\...... -J' .:>."'f ",~--- 1;. \ , 4J ( ~ , A P A I c o c o I, -I ~- 2 ,2 '. Co I N A V A J lOr '"

Ix aPRESCOTT ~ I OPRESCOTT I n , ""\ ST JOHNS 0- In y y A A V A P V A P A ( I A o I \ I 0 I ---34'/I A R r---I A R c c o P A , 'I

PHOENIX -~Jr'( I y BUCKEYE © SALT '~ESA u M A ~"\'.:.~'" TEOMP2 IGREENLEE: ,~-, ---'

·" ______,'A ~.'. "-.J!"':{FlORENCE

c I __ ~A:"'_~ Fig. 7-Areas of Mesozoic sedimentary rock outcrops in Arizona; mostly red beds of Cre­ Fig. 6:-Areas of Pal?ozoic rock outcrops in Arizona; mostly limestone and related marine taceous age in southeastern Arizona except extreme southeastern corner where Cretaceous In south?rn Arizona Perm.o-Pennsylvanian red beds and Kaibab limestone (Permian) ~ocks a~d marine limestone occurs; in northern Arizona mainly Triassic and Jurassic red beds and In northern Arizona. The manne section has good oil potential under proper conditions. thick aeolian (wind) sandstone accumulations. The section does not have too great an oil potential. 52 53 N ! ----~;;:------I A flow or other similar sheet of intrusive crystalline to Cretaceous sediments, older Mesozoic beds also I j rock. will be found since they are present just across the I I : Figure 6 represents areas in which Paleozoic International Boundary in Mexico and have been I. 'III rocks outcrop in Arizona. With but a few excep­ identified locally southeast 6f Tucson. II Much of the southern and western portions Q I tions, as in areas where the Permo-Pennsylvanian I ~ I Supai red beds overlie granitic rocks such as in of Arizona are occupied by basins filled with al­ ~ the Defiance Uplift area, it can be assumed that luvium or wash from the mountains and in western _wi marine sediments are present underlying these Arizona extensive volcanic mountain ranges occur. shaded areas. Therefore, these are potentially pet­ On the maps no areas of Tertiary or younger A P A C H E roliferous regions. However, in some areas later beds are shown since with a few local exceptions erosion may have greatly reduced the thickness of their oil and gas importance is minor. These sedi­ z the Paleozoic section. ments mainly fill basins and mask older geology. m In addition, between these areas of designated Figure 8 represents those areas of Arizona I occupied by volcanic rocks. Most of these volcanic I ::;; outcrop of the Paleozoic formations, it. can be as­ sumed that Paleozoic formations are generally rocks are of Tertiary and Recent or Quaternary present in the subsurface, with the exception of age; some are of Cretaceous age and some are s: presumably even older. JI those regions which are occupied by crystalline m rocks as shown in Figure 5. For example, the ,Where the volcanic activity occurs as isolated x area between the Paleozoic outcrops in Apache centers, as perhaps in the Hopi Buttes area of County and those in Coconino County may be Navajo County or in some of the Plateau areas

NS ci: 1I n considered to be underlain by Paleozoic formations, of Coconino County, the activity may not have seriously affected the oil potentialities other than 0 even though these formations are concealed at the surface by later formations. Wells drilled in the masking the underlying structure and sedimentary area confirm this assumption. On the other hand, section. However, where volcanic activity is con­ ~I the area around Prescott cannot be assumed to be centrated, such as in the mountains north of Flag­ underlain by Paleozoic beds because this area, ac­ staff or in Greenlee County and parts of south­ cording to Figure 5 is occupied by crystalline rocks. western Arizona, the activity has been so intense In southeastern Arizona, it is probable that that the possibilities of finding extensive oil ac­ considerable portions of the area between the cumulations are probably essentially nil because Paleozoic outcrops, as exposed in the mountains, the heat accompanying the volcanic activity prob­ may be underlain by Paleozoic beds, again with ably destroyed. all organic material. the exception of areas occupied by granitic rocks. The material presented in Figures 5 - 8 is In southwestern Arizona there is insufficient in­ summarized in Figure 9. On this composite map formation to make any predictions as to the sub­ is depicted the petroleum potentiality of Arizona surface extent of Paleozoic formations. as primarily controlled by stratigraphic relation­ Figure 7 designates the areas of Arizona un­ ships. In the Plateau region the areas where ero­ derlain by Mesozoic sediments. In northern Ari­ sion may have definitely affected the petroleum zona, with the exception of the Black Mesa Basin possibilities is indicated; elsewhere in Arizona this and a few other isolated localities, most of the is too variable a factor to be designated on a map sediments consist of non-marine redbeds and sand­ of the given scale. stone units of Triassic and Jurassic age. Cretaceous In general on the map an increasing degree sediments occur in the Black Mesa area and con­ of "whiteness" indicates an increasing degree of stitute the Mesozoic formations of southeastern stratigraphic petroleum potentiality. Thus, the Arizona. In extreme southeastern Arizona some of areas occupied by crystalline rocks have no poten­ these Cretaceous beds consist of marine limestones tiality and are indicated by a complete black-out and sandstones, but in general, they consist of non­ and are designated as unfavorable areas. A close marine or near shore red bed types. It is very stippling or dotting designates areas which are likely that the Cretaceous sediments will be found probably unfavorable since the marine sedimentary occupying many of the basins between the moun­ section is probably largely missing or there has Fig. 8-Areas of volcanic outcrops, lava flows and volcanic cones in Arizona; mostly of tains of southeastern Arizona and that in addition been extensive metamorphism or alteration. Cretaceous to Recent age. With a few exceptions in the Plateau area of northern Arizona, the oil potential is poor.

54 55 110" H_...-_ Volcanic areas are designated but no attempt are established, crude will be transported by truck has been made to separate them into more or less to them or to a rail or pipeline head. favorable areas. Areas which have been flushed of However, the ultimate market for the oil and oil, areas underlain by thin stratigraphic sections gas produced from Arizona, exclusive of the market or which for other reasons are considered to have in Arizona, will be the Pacific Coast. It is esti­ a low oil potential are similarly outlined. This mated that the Pacific Coast can use at the pres­ leaves two residual areas. One is located in south­ ent time 400,000 barrels of additional crude oil eastern Arizona and is designated as a possible per day beyond the amount of crude oil that Cali­ producing region because of its favorable strati­ fornia is able to produce itself. By 1965 the esti­ graphic section but which for other reasons carries mate is that there will be a need for about 565,000 a higher risk factor than does the second area barrels additional per day. which is located in northeastern Arizona. This Gas in the Four Corners area is priced at 17.7 second area is probably the most favorable in the cents per thousand cubic feet at the well-head, state. under the area pricing doctrine. California is also No overlay of structural control of oil ac­ deficient in gas. cumulation has been attempted, again because of Therefore, since Arizona is the nearest pro­ the scale of the map and because petroleum and ducing state to this center of demand, pipelines natural gas can be produced from extremely com­ will be developed to carry to this market the oil plicated structural regions. However, since the and gas produced in Arizona. Already several structural complexity increases in intensity in a transcontinental gas and oil pipelines cross the general way from the northeast part of the state region. Once sufficient reserves are proved, gather­ towards the southwest, this may be considered to ing pipelines will be built to connect the fields approximately reflect a structural overlay which with these major pipelines. At the present time will control the oil potentialities of any given area, plans for constructing certain gas and oil pipelines the petroleum potential generally becoming less are under ·consideration. as the structural complexity and igneous activity The pipeline system in Arizona is discussed become greater. in detail by another author. Major oil and gas Finally, local variations can profoundly affect lines in the state are shown on Figure 3. these generalities. Therefore, each local area must California also is the main future market for be individually checked for its potentialities. helium from Arizona. Since Arizona lies closer 322... to this market than do other helium producing PIPELINES AND MARKETS FOR areas, Arizona has a distinct economic advantage. ARIZONA'S PETROLEUM PRODUCTS LEASING, MINERALS AND ROYALTY EXPLANATION: The future production and development of Although oil and gas are considered minerals, oil and gas in Arizona are closely tied to the prob­ the laws to which they are subject differ somewhat MOST FAVORABLE AREAS lem of marketing them. Gas cannot be marketed from those dealing with metallic minerals. The without a pipeline. If no gas pipeline exists the primary difference is that these are fugitive min­ POSSIBLE PRODUCING AREAS well must remain shut in, or if gas is produced in erals and the rule of capture applies to them. This Favorable strati graphic secti on but association with oil, it must be burned or pumped less prospective for other reasons. essentially means that if the section of the well ~ FLUSHED AREAS back into the ground. In the case of oil, produc­ Largely covered by alluvium. ~ from which production is being secured lies within tion may be stored temporarily in tanks but then PROBABLY UNFAVORABLE AREAS the boundaries of the lease, then all produced oil VOLCANIC AREAS ~ Morine sedimentary section probably must be transported to market by pipeline, rail, belongs to the leaseholder even though the oil and largely missing. Alluvium covered. or truck. Oil and gas pipelines usually are not built gas may have migrated across lease lines. However, until substantial oil and gas reserves have been THIN STRATIGRAPHIC SECTION OR UNFAVORABLE AREAS rules of spacing and other regulations of the Con­ SECTION WITH LOW OIL POTENTIAL Mainly crystalline rocks developed. servation Commission must be met. No rail connections extend into the Four Minerals can be separated from the surface - Fig. 9-Map showing the oil potential of various parts of Arizona based upon the strati­ Corners area. Some highways and roads are pres­ and either one sold independently of the other. graphic section present in each locality. The most favorable region is the white area of the map in northeastern Arizona; stratigraphically favorable but otherwise carrying a higher risk ent, but wide areas have none. Such sale of minerals may cover all the minerals factor is the diagonally lined southeastern part of Arizona; the rest of Arizona ranges from The nearest refineries for Arizona crude are underlying the tract or any divided or undivided poor to no oil or gas potential. III northwestern New Mexico and until pipelines fraction or kind. If the minerals have been separ-

56 57 ated from the surface rights, then the owner of specific inquiry should be made in each case for on the Geology of Arizona. Public libraries in to summarize the general oil and gas potential­ the surface does not participate in any of the means of acquisition of leases. many of the larger cities and towns also have num­ ities of Arizona. Further information is given in benefits of production of the minerals, although Since oil and gas law is quite complicated, it erOllS references. The University of Arizona library succeeding articles or can be secured either from he may claim damages to his property which occur is advisable to consult with experts on the subject contains many theses on the geology of various the authors, from consultants or from other sources during extraction and rental of surface rights oc­ to insure the correctness of any contemplated parts of Arizona. of information. cupied. The owner of the mineral rights has at all action. SUMMARY times the right of entry and the right of develop­ This paper was designed (1) to serve as an USE OF EXPERT OPINION ment and this cannot be prohibited by the surface introduction to many of the problems of oil and Since oil and gas involve many technical owner. gas and to cover some of them briefly, and (2) problems, it is fundamental that anyone engaging A mineral lease is a grant to a lessee of the in such activities secure expert advice in regard right to seek and capture or develop the minerals to each phase of their activities. Thus legal opinion owned by the lessor, the specific minerals covered is necessary for checking validity of title to the being defined in the lease. The lease is taken from minerals and validity of the lease, methods of pro­ the mineral owners, who are the lessors, and con­ curing the lease, or various agreements that may stitutes the "Working Interest". The lease is usual­ be necessary. Geological advice is necessary to ly for 7/8ths of the minerals and this is the share determine whether there is any potential for oil of the mineral production to which the lessee is or gas under a given tract; this should be done be­ entitled. A bonus is usually paid to the mineral fore leases are purchased or drilling is commenced. owner for the lease. In the lease are recited its Expert engineering advice is necessary in connec­ provisions, such as its duration or term, the time tion with drilling and developing of a field. Tax within which a well must be commenced and advice may be important in designing acquisition ... ~.,.-.;:---.-;~....--~ possibly such items as the depth to which it must terms and development programs, in determining ~'"'-,~- .." be drilled, the location of the well and other re­ depletion allowances and other tax benefits or quirements. Included in the lease is a delay rental liabilities. clause which defines the amount of payment which Fees charged for these services are nominal is to be made to the lessor by the lessee for the when compared with the costs which might other­ right to delay the drilling of a well for a given wise be involved. Thus, leases might be purchased period beyond the specified commencement date. for substantial sums in areas with no oil or gas The lessor usually retains a certain fraction potential, or a well might be drilled and oil dis­ of the minerals, usually 1/8, but he may sell them covered only to find that legal title was not held all or any fraction or percentage to any mineral to the oil and gas with the result that all produc­ buyer. When production is found, the Working tion would belong .to someone else. Interest pays the lessor or mineral owners their proportionate share of the production as deter­ SOURCES OF INFORMATION mined by the non-working interest fraction each No attempt will be given to list all available one holds. This payment is called royalty and is sources of information. Much advice and some re­ 'il free and clear of all drilling, development, produc­ ports and maps can be secured from such Federal ,f tion and other charges up to delivery into the and State agencies as the U. S. Geological Survey I lease tanks or pipelines. Overriding royalties are in Tucson, Phoenix and elsewhere in the state; additional royalties usually imposed upon the U. S. Bureau of Mines, Tucson; U. S. Land Of­ working interest. If the lease is surrendered, the fice, Arizona Bureau of Mines, Tucson; Depart­ owner of the overriding royalty usually loses his ment of Geology, University of Arizona, Tucson; interest also. Production payments consist of pay­ Department of Geology, Arizona State University, ments based upon a percentage of the oil pro­ Tempe; Arizona Oil and Gas Commission, Phoe­ duced. nix; Arizona Land Office, Phoenix. Lawyers, con­ Leases may be secured from whomever owns sulting geologists and consulting engineers are the minerals. Mineral ownership may be vested available in Tucson, Phoenix and other towns and in the Federal government, State government, In­ cities in the State. The libraries of the University dian reservations or private individuals or corpora­ of Arizona, and the Arizona State University have tions. Leasing terms are variable among them and a great deal of information on oil and gas and

58 59 HELIUM - SPACE AGE GAS beneficial to those interested in the future of WHAT IS HELIUM USED FOR? tion of such a super-conductor will reduce a room­ James W. Dean heiium. The more commonly recognized uses of helium size computer to shoe box dimensions. This field WHAT ARE THE RIGHTS AND Vice President are those associated with pre-World War II de­ is expected to have tremendous growth and will RESTRICTIONS OF PRIVATE INDUSTRY mands which constitute but a small segment of Eastern Petroleum Company place a heavy demand on the future supply of IN THE HELIUM BUSINESS? the total current demand. These include lighter­ helium. Denver, Colorado Passage of the Helium Act of 1960 clearly than-air travel where helium is used as the lift­ Helium has long been recognized as one of opens the way for and encourages individual enter­ ing gas in airships, meteorlogical, toy and adver­ WHAT IS HELIUM WORTH? our rarest natural resources and one of the most prise in exploration, development, and marketing tising balloons; as a tracer gas in petroleum reser­ Sales of refined helium by the Bureau of critical from the standpoint of developed reserves. with wide latitude. The individual or company voirs; and in the field of medicine. In the latter, Mines are on a double standard and their posted With the expansion of nuclear and space pro­ who owns helium reserves today may process and helium is used with oxygen in breathing atmos­ price basically constitutes the wholesale value of grams, few commodities have gained such com­ distribute helium in an open and competitive pheres for persons suffering from asthma and helium. Government agencies purchase tank-car manding importance: Associated research has cre­ market. Restrictive licensing of sales of refined other respiratory diseases, and as a mixture with lots at a price of $15.50 pel' MCF and non-federal ated entire new fields, the future growth of which helium are contingent only upon the decision of some anesthetics to reduce explosion hazards in consumers at a base price of $19.00 per MCF at are dependent upon the increased supply of this the President that the defense security and general hospital operating rooms. Its application involving plant site. Substantial quantities of helium are noble gas. Cryogenics, the science of the behavior welfare of the United States should deem such ac­ millions of cubic feet as a gaseous shield in arc­ shipped by cylinder to consumers requiring smal­ of materials near absolute zero temperatures ob­ tion necessary. While the Secretary of the Interior welding of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, stain­ ler volumes at a base price of $21.00 per MCF. tained with liquid helium, is but one such rapidly is authorized to purchase helium from private less steel, and degassing molten metals is less recog­ Operating cost recently released on the Keyes, expanding new industry. Resultant market demand enterprise, other federal agencies are restricted nized. The inert gas is used in the production of Oklahoma, plant establishes a unit cost of refining growth of this rare natural resource within the from direct contract and purchase of major re­ and fabrication of titanium and zirconium and Grade A helium at $9.11 per MCF, which in­ past decade has been spectacular. Yet the oil and quirements with private industry so long as sup­ transistor crystals of germanium and silicon are cludes the acquisition cost of the helium.4 The gas industry has generally exhibited little interest plies are readily available from the Department grown in helium. "Code of Federal Regulations" (30CFRI) pro­ in the exploitation of helium. The construction of the Interior. No fixed or federally controlled In the atomic energy field helium is used as vides an elaborate system of additional purchaser of a helium extraction plant at the Pinta Dome price structure is established by law, rules, or a cirdllating medium in gas-cooled nuclear reac­ charges pertaining to transportation, cleaning, re­ field in northeastern Arizona this year will mark regulation except by provisions of an anti-dump­ tors. The gas has an unusually high heat capacity pair, and miscellaneous other items. At extreme the first effort by private industry to gain a foot­ ing clause relating to private plants have dual fed­ and is immune to atomic particles. Helium is used points of delivery, the East and West coasts, aver­ hold in this field in over 25 years. While a com­ eral-private contract obligations. The exclusion of to detect minute leaks in hermatically-sealed tran­ age tank-car lot transportation cost generally parative wealth of published materials has ap­ helium rights in all federal leases under the Min­ sistors, pressure and vacuum systems, and sealed ranges from $6.00 to $9.00 per MCF respectively. peared in the past two years, helium and its as­ erals Leasing Act of 1920 is re-affirmed by the refrigeration units. 3 Alone or mixed helium is used Retail costs of helium in Denver currently approx­ sociated industry continues to be little understood Helium Act of 1960. This is of some concern to to obtain various colors in neon lights. Chroma­ imate $85.00 per thousand for minimum orders of by the public at large. Long associated with light­ the exploration segment of the oil and gas in­ tographic gas-analysis equipment using helium as 10,000 cubic feet or less. The base price per MCF er-than-air travel uses of the military, significant dustry when the high percentage of public do­ a carrier gas will become increasingly important gradually reduces with increased minimum quan­ market demands of wartime periods, and federally main in most western states is considered. in the next few years. Helium is filling an ever­ tity purchased. For example, consumers having controlled operations; the stigma of "government increasing need as a critical defense item in the monthly requirements of not less than 130,000 WHAT'S SO DIFFERENT ABOUT HELIUM? monopoly" affixed to helium persists in wide­ missile program. Among the numerous applica­ cubic feet are quoted a price of $55.00 per MCF. spread acceptance both within and outside the oil The usefulness of helium derives from its un­ tions in ballistic missiles is the use of helium to Unlike crude oil or hydrocarbon gas, estab­ and gas industry. The impact of adverse attitudes ique physical properties. It is inert, colorless, and create a positive head on the propellants. As the lished posted field or wellhead price to which the created by these beliefs and their resultant deter­ odorless. Next to hydrogen it is the lightest element propellant and liquid oxygen are consumed in the oil and gas industry is accustomed is without real ence of exploration and exploitation of helium known. At normal atmospheric pressure and 68°F, rocket engine, helium under high pressure expands precedent for helium. Helium-bearing gases pur­ cannot be measured. Such thinking is antiquated a thousand cubic feet weighs only 10.54 pounds to take their place, producing strength and rigidity chased by the Federal Government today, with and does not properly reflect the role of helium and provides a lift in air of more than 65 pounds.1 to the entire missile. It is used in shock-tube tests minor exceptions, are from pipeline and gas util­ today. At liquification (-450°F) it is the coldest and where velocities in excess of 10,000 miles per hour ity companies who control large natural gas re­ What is helium worth? Is there a market oth­ most mobile fluid known.2 This noble gas trans­ are required in studying missile re-entry problems. serves under gathering and distributing contracts er than the Federal Government? Will the price of mits sound at a higher velocity than any other, has Of all of helium's new uses, however, none com­ in areas of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Keyes, helium raise? Can anyone produce and sell helium? a lower solubility in water and other liquids, and pares in potential with the new world opened up the newest and most efficient plant now operated What are the government restrictions? How do a lower refractive index than any gas known. It by the science of cryogenecs-the study of the be­ by that agency, processes 2 percent helium-bear­ you explore for helium? What is Arizona's future conducts electricity better than any gas except havior of the materials under conditions of ex­ ing natural gas at an approximate base contract in helium? These are but a few of the more com­ neon. Helium diffuses more rapidly, flows through treme cold, near absolute zero. As lead is immersed price of $2.20 per MCF for raw helium. The mon questions that are posed daily to those who a hole faster, and conducts heat better than any in a bath of liquid helium it becomes a super­ proximity of the above to a one dollar per percent are actively engaged in helium exploration. This other gas. Helium's many extreme qualities pro­ conductor. Once current is passed through the of helium content of the gas stream has prompted article has been prepared to review some of these vide it with unique versatility for many industrial lead at this temperature, it will continue to flow some to suggest the wellhead price of helium-bear­ questions in hopes that it will be informative and and scientific applications. through the metal indefinitely. Ultimate applica- ing gas should be related to its percentage content;

61 60 -600 i.e., $5.50 for 512 percent helium, and $8.00 for 8 II era. Sales have increased nearly 500 percent percent helium. Obvious limitation exists to this within the past 10 years alone. This percentage in­ approach. The suggested wellhead value relation crease gains additional emphasis when it is recog­ does appear economically justifiable, particularly in nized that annual sales in recent years generally given areas of rich helium-bearing gases. At initia­ reflects the total capacity of existing production tion of the government's conservation program, facilities and that the demand of individual years it is estimated that present wholesale prices would exceeded the available supply. Helium demand need be increased approximately $25.00 per MCF continues to increase about 20 percent annually. or to a base of $44.00 per MCF for non-federal In recent years approximately one fourth of consumers who purchase in tank-car lots. Such the helium produced was consumed by private price rise would more than give credulity to such users and the balance absorbed by federal agen­ a proposed wellhead price structure. Some retail cies. A survey and classification of commercial distributors have already given notice to consumers consumers has not been published by the Bureau of the pending price rise. Limited quantities of of Mines for any year after 1955. Consumption liquid helium are being produced and marketed. has almost tripled since that year, and it is ques­ Liquid helium is much in demand and commands tionable that the survey data presents a valid pic­ a premium price of $12.50 per liter. ture today. A true analysis of potential market de­ mand among private consumers is difficult today. -400 WHAT ABOUT THE MARKET Long accustomed to a single and restricted supply FOR HELIUM? of helium, most consumers find it difficult to pre­ A brief review of the growth of helium pro­ dict individual demand and total market growth duction and sales over the past 40 years offers in coming years. One cannot assess the restricted SALES TO FEDERAL AGENCIES I­ some insight. The first 20 years reflects a low static consumption of recent years by consumers and W W market-supply relation. The demand for helium manufacturers unable to expand and give greater LL reached its first significant peak during World War versatility to the use of helium with prevailing SALES TO PRIVATE INDUSTRY U II. Coincident with this sharp increase was an in­ limited supplies. Greater investment to create (l) :::::> crease in the number of government plants to greater markets without an assured increased sup­ u furnish this critical item of national defense. De­ ply of helium is of due concern to the consumel -300 LL mand fell sharply after the war, but did not re­ today. It is impossible to predict what new uses o (f) turn to the prewar level. The ability of increased research will discover for helium in the future, but z government facilities were more than adequate to it may be predicted from present uses and the def­ o meet demands until 1954. As soon as science and inite trend of new uses that helium will experience -.J -.J industry learned that high-purity helium was read­ a very significant growth in coming years, and the ily available at a reasonable price, the demand for predicted demand of 2 billion cubic feet annually ~ helium took a sharp upward surge. In 1955 the around 1980 may prove ultra-conservative.6 demand-supply relationship became imbalanced. The occurence of helium has been reported This led to an allocation of the approximately 10 ill several foreign areas, but from a practical -200 percent of annual production to non-federal con­ standpoint, the ability of friendly powers to meet sumers. A critical shortage was experienced in helium requirements is nil. While less than 1 per­ 1958 and even this allocation to private users was cent of annual production is currently exported, suspended temporarily. In late 1959, after com­ the significance of foreign needs should not be pletion of the Keyes plant, the allocation system overlooked in evaluating future market potential. was discontinued. This additional plant will allow As the nuclear and space programs of the Free World gain foothold and growth, it would assur­ production to maintain a near-balance with grow­ edly seem that a heavy responsibility for supplying ing demand through this year. Sales for the year helium will rest with this nation. -100 1960 totaled 475,179,4805 cubic feet. Production for the year 1961 would be expected through WHAT ABOUT PRESENT normal annual increase to approach 600 million HELIUM RESOURCES? cubic feet. Helium has exhibited a spectacular The known occurrences and developed re­ market growth since the close of the World War serves of helium have largely resulted from ex-

(\j (j) 62 -0 y E A R S ploration and development drilling in oil and gas Arizona, contammg 8 percent helium associated transportation costs since the individual liquid proved contractual authority of $47. 5 million for producing areas by that industry. Ninety-nine per­ with nitrogen and argon, is the site of present con­ helium trailer can transport essentially three times this program during the coming year. While the cent of the Free World's supply of helium is con­ struction of a non-federal helium extraction plant, the quantity of compressed helium by tank-car. desired function of private industry is that of con­ fined to a relatively small area of southwestern and the reserves of that field will reach market by The capital investment required in rolling stock for struction and operation of additional helium ex­ United States. Total resources are estimated at the close of this year. helium transportation would approximate one traction plants, their role will be limited to that just under 200 billion cubic feet. Helium resources Additional discoveries yielding up to 9.8 per­ fourth the amount now required. The mobility of function and the gas produced will be under gov­ may be arbitrarily placed in two classifications, cent helium have been made on the Navajo Springs the liquid helium transport is extremely important ernment ownership. It is the expressed intent of those associated with flammable gases and those structure in the vicinity of the Pinta Dome. During for it is no longer necessary to require the prox­ the Department of the Interior to release their associated with non-flammable gases. Where assoc­ 1960 6 percent helium-lfearing gas was discovered imity of railroad facilities or the major expense present non-federal market obligations to private iated with hydro-carbon gases, helium percentage in the Rita Peak area of extreme northeastern Ari­ involved with a pipeline from distant developed enterprise and to withdraw from marketing to contents generally range from trace amounts to 2 zona, and 5.4 percent helium-bearing gas was reserves to the plant site near a railroad. non-federal consumers. This action will tend to percent. Those resources associated with non-flam­ discovered in the Table Mesa field of San Juan Small, relatively portable extraction plants foster and encourage the growth of private indus­ mables, generally very high in percentage of nitro­ County, New Mexico. The extent of new helium are now feasible at a fraction of the capital invest­ try in the helium field and allow the obligation of gen, usually contain higher percentages of helium reserves resulting from these discoveries are not ment required for the construction of plants sim­ supplying future market to non-federal consumers ranging from 5 to 8 or more percent. The bulk of known at this time. ilar to those now operated by the Federal Govern­ to rest with private enterprise. proved helium resources are contained in various ment. The greatly reduced investment required gas fields of the Texas Panhandle, Oklahoma Pan­ WILL ISOLATED HELIUM RESERVES for a helium refining plant automatically reduces HOW AND WHERE DO YOU EXPLORE handle, and western Kansas. More limited but JUSTIFY DEVELOPMENT & MARKETING? the required reserves. It is estimated that such a FOR HELIUM? richer helium accumulations are associated with The large capital investment required for plant can be justified by gross gas reserves of not The techniques required for helium explora­ Model Dome, Harley Dome, the Pinta Dome, extraction plant facilities and transportation equip­ less than 1 billion cubic feet where the reserves tion differ little from those with which the indus­ Shiprock field, and other areas of Colorado, Utah, ment has previously placed a harsh limiting factor contain high percentage helium content not un­ try is accustomed in searching for oil and hydro­ Arizona, and New Mexico respectively. on the economics of developing and placing to common to various accumulations of the Four carbon gas. It is a logical presumption that rela­ Essentially all commercial helium produced market limited nonhydrocarbon helium reserves. Corners area. All of the above factors will tend tively large areas can be reri10ved as being of today comes from five plants owned and operated Tremendous technological advancements concernd to place individual enterprise in a most competi­ interest to the individual or company interested by the Bureau of Mines, United States Department with helium refining and transportation have been tive position for future development and market­ in the search for helium. These would include of the Interior. The Keyes, Oklahoma, plant pro­ made within the past year. Of key importance is ing of same. areas of high density drilling with low frequencies cesses 2 percent helium-bearing natural gas sup­ the development of a practical method of large­ of reported helium and/or general occurrence in plied from the Keyes field. The Amarillo and Ex­ scale shipment of liquid helium with much greater WHAT ABOUT THE GOVERNMENT'S trace amounts. Areas of long-established natural cel, Texas, plants process natural gas containing economy and convenience than afforded by present HELIUM CONSERVATION PROGRAM? gas contract precedence where no allowance is an average of 0.9 percent helium from various gas methods of shipment of helium as a compressed In original form before amendment, the made to the operator for the value of helium con­ fields of the Texas Panhandle. The Otis Kansas gas. The solution of the difficult problems con­ Helium Act of 1960 was drawn with a primary tent offers little or no potential today. These will plant processes 1 percent helium-bearin~ natural cerned with the storage and shipment of liquid objective of implementing and carrying out a generally serve to remove the Mid-Continent re­ gas from various small fields of Barton, Rush and helium may well revolutionize the industry within long-range helium conservation program. The con­ gion, the Huguton embayment area, and the Pawnee Counties. The Shiprock, New Mexico, the next few years. The costs of transporting servation program is designed to recover helium northern Rockies from the sphere of interest. plant formerly processed helium from gas of the helium are a major item to consumers. The major from natural gas now being produced and mark­ Rattlesnake Field, now abandoned, and is currently quantities of helium shipped today are by railroad eted in the Texas and Oklahoma Panhandles and The Four Corners region of Arizona, l.]tah, supplied by one well, the Pan-Am Petroleum Nav­ tank-cars, the average capacity of which is approx­ adjacent area of western Kansas. Over a 25-year Colorado, and New Mexico offers the best poten­ ajo C-1, which produces very low B.T.U. hydro­ imately 250,000 cubic feet. The costs of transport­ period it is estimated that with 12 additional tial helium producing area within the Free World. carbon gas containing 5.7 percent helium. Maxi­ ing compressed gas by this method are high' be­ plants, a total of 77 billion cubic feet of helium Several geographically widespread rich helium­ mum annual productive capacity of the five cause little can be carried in proportion to the could be recovered, the major portion of which bearing accumulations have been discovered in plants is estimated at 650 million cubic feet. The weight of the containers. A helium tank-car weighs would be stored underground in the government­ this vast area. The low density of drilling, general Model Dome of Colorado, which contains 8 per­ approximately 235,000 pounds empty and 240,000 owned Cliffside gas field near Amarillo, Texas, environmental conditions, frequency of shows, and cent helium, produced approximately 70 million pounds loaded. Lesser, but substantial quantities for future use beyond 1985. Anticipated cost of multiplicity of untested structures make the Black cubic feet of helium prior to 1931, but was later of helium are shipped by trailers of capacities of this program by the Department of the Interior Mesa basin of northeastern Arizona the most purchased and placed into a helium reserve by the 30 to 50,000 cubic feet. is estimated at $500 million. The money would fertile single hunting ground of the Four Corners Federal Government in 1938. United States Hel­ The Navy has this year developed and built be used to purchase crude-helium under long-term region. It is significant to note that in this area ium Reserve No.1, the Woodside structure, con­ a liquid helium transport with a capacity of ap­ contracts from plants constructed by private indus­ with such a low density of prior testing, approxi­ tains 1.3 percent helium and Reserve No.2, the proximately 725,000 cubic feet. It is predicted that tryon natural gas transmission lines. In the event mately one test per 250 square miles, significant Harley Dome, contains 7 percent helium. Both re­ liquid helium transports will cost considerably less satisfactory contracts could not be negotiated, the helium discoveries have been made at extreme ends s serves are located in Utah and their extent is un­ than the unit price of $110,000.00 per railroad Department of the Interior has the authority to of the basin. Northeastern Arizona offers a prime known. The Pinta Dome field of northeastern tank-car. This will offer a major breakthrough in construct the necessary facilities. Congress has ap- target for helium exploration of the future.

64 65 ______'''' REFERENCES 5. Personal Communication, 1961, Statistic­ FOUR CORNERS AREA al Section, Bureau of Mines, Denver Fed­ The first producing well in Arizona was drilled 1. Mullins, P. V., 1961, Where We Stand on ARIZONA eral Center, Denver, Colorado. by Shell Oil Company in 1954 on a surface struc­ Helium Today, Part I: Oil and Gas Journ­ 6. Bennett, E., 1960, Hearings Before the Lee T. Feemster ture known as the East Boundary Butte anticline, al, Vol. 59, No. 12, p. 97. a southeast extension of the main Boundary Butte Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, Texas-Pacific 2. Langdon, Lynn, 1960, Frozen Frontier: anticline mentioned previously. The well poten­ House of Representatives, Eighty-Sixth Coal and Oil Company Flu-O-Scope, p. p. 11-13. Congress. tialed for 3150 MCFGPD plus 3.6 barrels of oil 3. Periodical Publication, 1961, Helium Test 7. Lipper, H. W., and Wilcox, Q. L., 1960, Northeastern Arizona is an area of varied plus 8.4 barrels of salt water per day from the Finds Transistor Leaks: Electronics, Vol. Helium; United States Department of the geological features. The most prominent of these Hermosa member of the Pennsylvanian. Additional 34, No.2, p. 107. Interior, Bureau of Mines, Preprint from is the ancient Ft. Defiance uplift paralleling the drilling on this structure resulted in completion of 4. Deaton, W. M. and Haynes, R. D., 1961, Bulletin 585. New Mexico line and underlying the present day three more wells producing mostly gas with some Where We Stand on Helium Today, Part 8. Turner, D. S., 1961, Black Mesa Basin; Chuska and Carizo Mountains. This uplift re­ distillate and oil. Oil and gas shows were encoun­ II: Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 59, No. 12, Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 59, No. 17, p.p. mained positive through the Pennsylvanian and tered in the Hermosa, Mississippian, and Devonian p. 105. 148-150. furnished sediments for the surrounding basins but to date the production is confined to the Her­ until sometime in the Permian when it became mosa. submerged and was blanketed by the early Permian In 1956 Franco Western Oil Company drilled sediments. a Mississippian test on a seismic anomaly in the Extending into the area from the north is the trough between East Boundary Butte and Toh­ Paradox or Blanding basin. There are from 5000 Atin in Section 22, T 41 N, R 28 E. This well was to 9000 feet of sediments present in the Arizona completed as a shut in gas well from the basal portion of this basin ranging from Cretaceous on part of the Upper Hermosa (Pennsylvanian) for the surface to Cambrian. an IPF of 7,450 MCFGPD. Also in 1956, EI Paso Trending across the basin in a northwest­ Natural Gas Company drilled a test in Section 19, southeast direction is the Boundary Butte anti­ T 41 N, R 31 E, and completed it for an IPF of cline, crossing the Utah state line in the vicinity 20,878 MCFGPD from the Paradox member of of Red Mesa. the Upper Hermosa. Paralleling the Boundary Butte trend ar'J.d The next discovery was made by Superior in about six miles to the south is the Toh-Atin-Dinne 1957 in Section 16, T 41 N, R 30 E, for an IPF Mesa anticlinal fold which appears to be a north­ of 4002 MCFGPD plus 31 barrels of distillate per west projection of the old Ft. Defiance uplift. day from the Hermosa. Encouraging shows of oil South of the Toh-Atin structure and covering and gas were recorded in the Mississippian and De­ most of the north central portion of Arizona is vonian in this test. the Black Mesa basin. Outcrops range from Perm­ In 1959 Texas Pacific Coal and Oil Com­ ian to Cretaceous and sediments on through the pany drilled a basement test on a seismic closure on Cambrian are present in the subsurface. top of the Toh-Atin structure. The test was com­ Two lines of folding are present in the basin, pleted as a Mississippian producer for an IPP of the older being a northwest-southeast alignment, 240 barrels of oil plus 27 barrels of water per day. and the younger a northeast-southwest. The older The nearest Mississippian production at that time folding appears to be the most significant in pros­ was in the Big Flat field more than 100 miles pecting for oil. The younger structures which have north in Utah. Several gas zones were encountered been tested have yielded numerous shows but no in the Hermosa in this well and drill stem tests commercial production. Very few of the older ranged as high as 4500MCFGPD. Only a thin structures have been drilled. remnant of Devonian was present between the No faulting of any consequence has been map­ Mississippian and the pre-Cambrian quartzite in ped in the basin. Major faulting does occur how­ this well. Two more wells and one dry hole have ever between the Black Mesa and the Paradox been drilled on this structure; all having similar Basin. sections to the first well. The entire stratigraphic section of the basin The most recent discovery in the area is the thins regionally to the east approaching the Ft. Texaco well drilled in Section 36, T 41 N, R 30 E. Defiance uplift. Numerous possibilities for strati­ This well tested gas and had shows of oil from graphic traps are present within these formations the Hermosa, Mississippian, and Devonian. The as the individual members pinch out to the east. Mississippian yielded 1250 MCFGPD, being 6%

66 67 T 41 N R 28 E helium. The well was completed in the Devonian SURFACE ELEVATION 5500 were encountered in almost every wildcat drilled for an IPP of 8 barrels of oil and 7 barrels of salt T40NR25E in the area. Stratigraphic pinchouts are numerous, SURFACE ELEVATION 5300 water per day. 85/8 SURFACE PIPE the most significant of these being the onlapping 5200 5200 AT 596 o Many facts about the area make it appear of the older formations onto the old highs such to be very promising for potential oil discoveries as the Ft. Defiance and Toh-A-Tin features. The in the future. Among these \vould be that the 4000 4800 erratic development of the Hermosa limes and the density of the tests drilled in the area to date is secondary porosity in the Mississippian dolomite only a little more than one to a township. Seismo­ can and do occur at random over the area. Thus graph has indicated many faults in the area, some one well would not condemn a section much less of considerable magnitude. Encouraging shows CH NLE C INLE a township. The area is virgin territory and only ranging from Upper Pennsylvanian to Devonian the drill can tell the full story. 4000 4000

3600 3600

DRILLING PROBLEMS IN ARIZONA ico, Durango and Cortez, Colorado are relatively By: Earl Rodman, 3200 3200 near and serve as supply points for this area. In Consulting Petroleum Engineer general, lost circulation has not been a problem. Phoenix, Arizona 2000 2800 On Plate 12 are two graphs showing rates of pene­ 83/4 HOLE tration in minutes per foot through the various Drilling problems in Arizona may be consid­ formations. One well was drilled in T 41 N, R 25 ered a result of two things, lack of information 2400 2400 E, and one in T 41 N, R 28 E. Both are recent and lack of available rigs and nearby supply points. major company operations and the formation tops This results in excessive move in and move out shown on the graphs are tops as reported by the 2000 2000 costs, additional expense and delays in obtaining operators. necessary equipment. Lack of information on As can be seen from the graphs, drilling time zones of lost circulation, rates of penetration and is from one to two min. per foot to the top of the 1600 ------1600 water supply, all combine to make drilling in Coconino and ranges from 4 to 6 min. per foot Arizona more expensive than in developed and down to the Hermosa increasing through the Para­ well known areas. dox and on into the deeper formations. Other than 1200 1200 Balanced against these higher than normal actual changes in the hardness of the formations ~~==~------costs are the possibilities of obtaining large blocks between the two wells the faster rate of penetra­ of well located acreage on untested structures. In o 800 800 tion in T 41 N, R 28 E, can be accounted for by considering the economics of drilling in Arizona smaller hole size and lighter mud. There was no even though the costs may be higher, the rewards lost circulation in either well. The dotted lines CORE 400 for success can be proportionally greater. 400 on Plates 1, 2, and 3 are to emphasize the obvious Primarily because of a massive belt-tightening, I correlations in drilling rates and mayor may not CORE retrenchment program in the oil industry during S~ALEVEL __ coincide with the tops as reported by the operator. the last two or three years, drilling activity in Plate 2 shows 'penetration rates in min. per Arizona has sharply declined. Considering there foot on four tests drilled in the Holbrook area were 5013 less wells drilled in the United States - 400 - 400 in 1959. All four tests were drilled to granite. in 1960 than were drilled in 1959, and 11,409 less MOLAS Surface pipe was set through the Coconino in each than the all time peak of 58,1601 in 1956, it is case. Lost circulation zones were encountered - 800 - 800 easy to understand why many good prospects in through all intervals, one well reporting mud lost Arizona are still undrilled. This combined with at 28', 34', 43', 57', 72', 82', 100', 460~ the problems outlined above have deterred drilling 541',684',803',1000',1770',3502',3560', -1200 -1200 activity in the statE:. and 3668 '. Average mud properties on this partic­ T.D.6598 The northeast corner is presently the only ular well were, weight 10.7, viscosity 53, water producing area and the only part of the state 4 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 4 10 12 14 loss 8.9 c.c. and filter cake 2/32. Total time driIIing where it is possible to get straight footage bids was 28 days. 21 bits were used. Penetration rates from drilling contractors. Farmington, New Mex- are satisfactory in this area and the biggest prob- DRILLING TIME IN MINUTES PER FOOT PLATE I

NORTHEAST ARIZONA 68 T 12 N R 23 E SURFACE ELEVATION 6253 6200

T 13 N R 25 E SURFACE ELEVATION 5875 T 16 N R 18 E T 16 N R 20 E 5800 SURFACE El£VATlON 5678 5800 SURFACE El£VATION 5429 - - • MOENKOPI ~ ! COCONINO SUPAI :!~~,:;l j . -::,;1 ; 5400 5400 5400 85/8 SURFACE PIPE 5400 =O"'~ SUMI 8 5/8 SURF ACE PIPE 5000 5000 5000 5000 \SIJPAI I 85/8 SURFACE PIPE 77/8 HOLE 7 7/8 HOLE :-:==:\SUPAI 1: 4600 4600 ===-:: 85/8 SURFACE PIPE 4600 4600

77/8 HOLE FORT MAtHE - I (@) 4200 4200 4200 4200-

HE

3800 ___3800 3800

3400 3400 3400 NACO

3000 3000 3000

2600 2600 2600

NACO

2200 2200 2200 REDWALL T. D. 3680

~~Ii. 1000 1800 T. D. 3936 GRANITE

GRANITE '1400 !S'K>s?\] !>9OOf 'I' LJ. j" ~ ~ 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 4 10 12 14 16 20 o 2 4 6 10 12 14 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

DRILLING TIME IN MINUTES PER FOOT PLATE 2 HO L8ROOK AREA, ARIZONA

T 39 N R 13 W SURFACE ELEVATION.5405 5400 MOENKOPI 133/8 SURFACE PIPE at 128

T4ONR8W 5000 38 MIN. PER FOOT ~ SURFACE ELEVATION 4000

:::::I i----::.-I MOENKOPI 4600 . 4600 L----::L KAIBAR 13 3/8 SURFACE PIPE 50 MIN. PER FOOT

4200 4200 TOROWEAP

3800 3000

3400 3400 ..J~':'I HERMIT

3000 3000

2600 2600

------

2200 2200 CALLVILLE

1000 1800

------~

1400 .1. 1400 1. D. 4015

T. D. 3753 1000 , 0 4 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 o 4 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28

DRILLING TIME IN MINUTES PER FOOT PLATE 3 NORTHWESf ARIZONA 1

lem is lost circulation while drilling with mud. Both wells reached tht same objective at approx­ TABLE NO.2 Plate 3 shows penetration rates in the north­ imately the same depth. In the 1956 test, using western part of the state known as the strip coun­ conventional mud, 64 bits and 670 hours rotating NUMBER OF BITS REQUIRED IN DRILLING VARIOUS FORMATION try. In both cases the Kaibab lime formation is time were required to reach 3667 feet. The test INTERVALS IN NORTHWEST ARIZONA extremely hard and cherty and a large number drilled in 1960 used 32 bits and 397 hours rotating of bits and rotating hours were expended in drill­ time to reach 4015 feet. Air drilling was not new BITS USED ing through it. The well in T 40 N, R 8 W, was five years ago but it is more widely used than drilled in 1956 with mud, in the conventional previously, and advances and improvements have INTERVAL Air Drillingr T 39 N, R 13 W Mud Drilling, T 40 N, R8 W manner. Other than hard, slow drilling, no diffi­ been made in detergents and foaming agents that culty was experienced until circulation was lost in permit air drilling through water bearing zones. Moenkopi 3 2 the Mississippian. Five days were spent trying to From the information gained from these two tests, Kaibab 7 12 regain circulation, including two squeeze cementc air drilling would certainly be carefully considered ing jobs in the Mississippian. Finally air compres­ for this area. Toroweap 4 7 sors were moved in to attempt to dry the hole up Tables 1 and 2 show the number of bits used and continue by air drilling. This was unsuccessful in drilling various formation intervals in the Hol­ Coconino 1 2 and the hole ,vas abandoned at 3753. brook area and in the northwest part of the state. The well located in T 39 N, R 13 W, was This information is not presented in the northeast Hermit 3 6 drilled in 1960. Air drilling was used from surface area for the wells shown on Plate 1 because the , Queantoweap* 7 11 to 3083. At 3083 teet moisture was encountered area is relatively well known. A comparison of and drilling had to be continued by injecting wa­ drilling rates on Plates 2 and 3, with the known Callvi lie 4 12 ter and detergent into the air stream. This method area shown on Plate 1, should give some idea was successful and well was drilled to the objective, of the relative hardness of the various formations. Redwall 2 4 the Mississippian at 3780 and total depth was In comparing the number of bits used on each of 4015 feet. the six wells, it should be remembered that each Total above Intervals 31 56 These two wells drilled only 29 miles and five was a rank wildcat and a higher than normal years apart, provide an interesting comparison. number of bits would be used. Total for well 32 64

*Pakoon Interval in T 39 N, R 13 W divided between QueantoweCtp and Callvi lie and correlation TABLE NO.1 made on rates of penetration.

NUMBER OF BITS REQUIRED IN DRILLING VARIOUS FORMATION The three widely separated areas referred to, moving in standby air compressors, or mud pumps INTERVALS IN THE HOLBROOK ARIZONA AREA represent only a small portion of the entire state. and pits may be considered as insurance against For the rest of the state, particularly the southeast the delays of moving this equipment to the well BITS USED and southwest quadrants, any type of drilling site, should it become necessary during the drilling records are extremely hard to find. Very few wells operation. INTERVAL T16N T16N T12N Tl3N Ave. have been drilled and bit records and penetration A review of past drilling in this state shows R18E R20E R23E R25E rates are not available. Also from the geology of that a well thought out exploratory program, these areas, it is obvious that the information whether one well or several, can be accomplished Surface through Coconino 5 4 4 3 4 could not be extrapolated over long distances. at a reasonable and predictable cost. By the same Supai to Fort Apache 4 3 3 2 3 Because of the lack of information on drilling token, the hap-hazard operation will result in in Arizona and the long distances to supply points, costly delays and test wells abandoned before Fort Apache to Naco 6 7 7 4 6 each drilling operation should be carefully planned. reaching their objective depth. In the northwestern part, the economics of setting Naco to Redwa II 6 6 9 6 6.75 surface and drilling through the Kaibab lime with 1. Oil and Gas Journal, Review-Forecast Jan. cable tools should be considered. Rigs should be 30, 1961. Redwall to Martin 1 1 1 1 1 prepared to drill with air, mist, foam, aireated 2. Rates of penetration and tables are plotted mud or straight mud as conditions may require. from bit records furnished by Hughes Tool Martin to Granite 2 4 3 - 3 Recent developments3 in air and foam drilling Co. Actual Bits Required 24 25 27 16 23 have greatly increased the amount of produced 3. Willborn, Robert; Air Foam Aerated Fluid water that can be handled by injecting foaming in West Texas; Oil and Gas Journal, May Total Bits Used 26 29 30 18 25.75 agents in the air stream. The additional cost of 22, 1961.

72 73 F ------

STATE OF ARIZONA LAND and LEASING acreage on which leases were terminated and new STATE OF ARIZONA REVIEW IN GENERAL leases executed. Also, an additional 500,000 acres OIL AND GAS LEASE DATA 1958·1960 was applied for from the Federal Government in James R. Pickett the Kaibab National Forest, and is still under con­ Frank Ewing sideration for lease approval. During 1960 there The State of Arizona is comprised of four was a decided increase in lease trading, with over COUNTIES FEDERAL APPLICATIONS STATE APPLICATIONS types of land, namely: Fee, or privately owned 600,000 acres being transferred by assignment. A 1958 1959 1960 1958 1959 1960 land; land owned by the State of Arizona; land cumulative total of acreage under lease at the end APACHE 27,803.18 39,041.24 2,806.67 130,763.20 130,623.39 75,795.92 owned or controlled by the Federal Government; of 1960 is as follows: COCHISE 29,063.94 19,831.13 12,832.01 50,733.02 112,915.87 53,812.65 and Indian lands. Arizona is the sixth largest state Federal 3,658,740 acres COCONINO 91,334.36 427,212.52 161,976.55 86,611.08 108,025.28 18,255.64 in the Union as to land area, and has a total of State 1,590,654 acres GILA NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE approximately 72,688,000 acres. Of this total Fee (Private) 750,000 acres GRAHAM 5,050.70 16,091.58 NONE 2,560.00 919.60 1,040.00 amount, the actual ownership distribution as re­ Indian 350,000 acres GREENLEE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE ported by the U.S. General Services Administra­ Total 6,349,394 acres MARICOPA NONE 4,789.74 2,560.00 13,249.11 2,404.68 320.00 tion Inventory is as follows: The following table illustrates a county break­ MOHAVE 51,949.08 267,232.70 144,062.40 11,024.95 43,683.70 20,386.36 Federal owned 32,500,180 acres 44.71 % down of Federal and State leases and lease as­ NAVAJO 24,601.85 36,332.48 16,929.25 21,088.21 63,570.40 46,899.57 Indian (Fed. Trust) 21,491,520 acres 29.57% signments for a period of 2~ years beginning PIMA NONE 3,880.12 NONE 6,788.87 1,518.31 160.00 State owned 9,949,547 acres 13.69'10 July 1, 1958. PINAL 1,920.00 10,370.82 4,481.92 1,120.00 14,047.61 9,620.96 Privately owned 8,746,753 acres 12.03% NORTHWEST ARIZONA SANTA CRUZ NONE 9,681.64 NONE 1,594.80 NONE NONE At the end of 1957 it is estimated that there For many years there has been an area of YAVAPAI NONE 14,889.79 7,254.80 553.00 5,562.20 1,275.50 were approximately three million acres of land interest in the state referred to as the "Arizona YUMA NONE 9,505.54 NONE 11,549.99 3,743;61 5,363.84 under lease for oil and gas exploration by several Strip Country." This area is located in Northern hundred oil operators and companies. During 1958 Mohave County, south of the Utah State Boundary TOTAL ACRES 231,723.11 858,859.30 352,903.60 337,636.23 487,014.65 approximately 2,000,000 acres were taken under arid north of the Grand Canyon. The oldest oil 232,930.44 lease in all portions of the state as is reflected in field in the State of Utah named the Virgin Oil the following table. The yearly lease data as re­ Field lies approximately 15 miles north of this ported by the various lease agencies was as follows: area at the state boundary. There has to date, only COUNTIES FEDERAL ASSIGNMENTS STATE ASSIGNMENTS Federal 1062 leases 1,006,109 acres been drilled 13 test wells, many with good &hows 1958 1959 1960 1958 1959 1960 State 591 leases 647,983 acres of oil and gas, in this vast area leaving it relatively APACHE 9,838.58 43,535.99 10,066.82 21,419.55 138,930.05 62,868.33 Indian 87 leases 198,842 acres unexplored. COCHISE 6,517.79 5,152.60 10,280.60 5,231.44 69,538.66 60,347.28 Fee (Private) 150,000 acres (est) The majority of the land comprising this COCONINO 28,128.22 170,858.94 57,316.61 11,162.05 43,045.09 21,700.57 Total 2,002,994 acres area is owned by the Federal government with a GILA NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE By the end of 1958 the approximate cumula­ normal representation of State School Land GRAHAM NONE 15,857.11 15,777.11 1,280.00 12,619.17 6,307.13 tive acres under lease for oil and gas was in excess throughout. Very little fee lands are found except GREENLEE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE of five million acres. The lease volume for 1959 within a few miles west of the Kaibab Indian Res­ MARICOPA NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE remained active with a total of 1,345,874 acres ervation. Heavy lease filings in this area were initi­ MOHAVE 64,683.98 57,909.70 212,149.40 4,040.00 10,921.82 32,086.84 taken under lease. A percentage of these leases ated during 1958 with the acquisition of approxi­ NAVAJO 15,073.51 63,905.18 57,578.75 26,513.62 34,226.84 43,789.72 were on lands which had previously been under mately 600,000 acres at this time. Lease acquisition, PIMA 160.00 160.00 NONE 3,520.00 1,080.00 358.31 lease and terminated. A complete breakdown re­ .however, reached it's peak during 1959-1960 with PINAL 6,106.50 1,360.00 1,282.68 NONE 1,039.26 4,594.88 g~rding 1959 leasing is illustrated in a following the drilling of the following test wells: Tennessee SANTA CRUZ NONE NONE 2,560.00 1,274.80 NONE NONE table for analysis. A cumulative total for lands Gas Transmission's Grand Wash test located Sec­ YAVAPAI NONE NONE 3,136.84 NONE 4,067.62 4,294.90 under lease ending 1959 is as follows: tion 35, Township 39 North, Range 13 West; J. YUMA NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE 3,916.08 Federal 3,063,000 acres Rae McDermott's Kane County, Utah, Mount State 1,987,770 acres Carmel Structure test located one mile north of TOTAL ACRES 130,508.58 358,739.52 370,148.81 74,441.46 315,468.51 240,264.04 Fee (Private) 500,000 acres the Arizona State line; and Intex Oil Company's Indian 350,000 acres Hurricane Fault test located approximately one­ Total 5,900,770 acres half mile north of Arizona in Washington County, During 1960 lease volume lagged with only Utah. *NOTE: 1958 FIGURES ONLY REFLECT LEASE DATA FROM 700,000 acres being put under lease .. The great At the present time practically every acre in JULY 1, 1958 THRU DECEMBER 31, 1958 percentage of this acreage being represented as the "Strip Country" is under lease. This area IS

74 75 ~X~XXXXXX / x ~ x x x x lbe x x x x x x xix Ix;v-J : 1 XX JIl X XI XI Xl lXXx~x~~~~~XX/XX~XXXXIXlxlxlvx~ I I xx j;K X X X x llot! X X '" X X X X X X X xl2f 1 ,I X XXXXXXXXXXXXXX!x'x'v : ~- , 3! ~ X:qXXXXXxxxb<, XXxxxlxV ' I f BOUNOARY BUTT E I vx ~XXXXXXXX xxxlxlx~ : I u ~ ~ XXXX I XX 34X X .~~XXX I X I~.J" 1 ~ r~ ~ I .. STRIP I 32 ,A" I I , -- I i\. '- ,,_.J 3' ~ J ,---,-----,l,-,-~~ ~f­ COUNTRY" : NAVAJO INDIAN , Ir-M-+O-+-jA..... V---'t1[ \ ~ ~~ XI--f--+I---fl-:~;~~: ~f­ ~qf- "" ,LQ! X X X X i'-- 1--+-iT'---t--+-~-l ( I\, ) 2~ CD',(()tNO! X 1\ ': ~f-- RESERV A:IION 1 27 X f--4~,-f--4-~~~ 26 )Z0 ri-2f,J7+-h-r, \ ! X ~ ,X 25 6 5 4 3 2 Of{ I( 2 3 4 5 6 X e< 9< IP 13 14 q5 16 17 IS 19 2(121 L._j IZ!: 26 272829 30] , ) " J)4 2 X X xX X X X X I : " 25 I COCONINO I , I , IXI~ ~~24r-r- I I =t:ttD~:jj-+t-H'r++-RqI22.:~~":.- ,.,. C E 2322 l ...... , ... I 21 X X X X X X Jl Ix :- c: N. I " L I ~ I x. X PI! X xl k Ix X X X IX I X X X I X X X X lIPlx Ix 1 " --___ _ • KINGMAN .FLAGSTAFF I ''''--'i I I I I I -, I I ,I I I L ___ -- ___ , • HOLB~OOK ,I , L, ___ • I I I I I I , I I ! , ... X X X X X X X X X XIX X X X >e X Ix I NORTHEAST ~''\...:~IH-t---';:=t:':;I+--L+-W.!112LLJJ ('1~i-'i"", 1 I YAVAPAI I I " ;or; X X X X X X X XIX X X X )4 X X I -r -"t-~Q;;4Y"":'-ft-·-=i--!h-!--LJJI~I YA A~B I I rtJ- "'.. I I I L.1 xf): P I I 10 '- , .'" 1 X x x X X X x Ix Ix 101x Ix t "J __ ".,,,,,, ... ~ ~ I I ( \~, I, - '----Lj--t-~II~++_f2X4-?:9+--.....lh--+=+t---=rr-L <•• -, t--tJ rrT l X X XI X X lI( xix , ,-- ... 1 '''''... II HOLBROok -- ' ___ ,,1 : l" ,L-r_ 9 LI---- ';,'. - ~l . f- ~ I I L1± I X x, X l!< X X ~ - I r- - L------1 l,--f-'-:+-t---t---i 1 '---1 ~~ ~I--_: -~:~tJ. ------fm 1 r- ______~, 1 :------/ I Icr=trIJI--L--LLhf----l-L+~51,PX~:l2ixG-L=tl=t=tl~~ t I I I ~ - - 1 '----.) '"l 1. _n-"1'-t-'-++--I-2-;~X X M A I : C p { \,/\ IT GIL A ! :I ...y~1 -d~~~~'_ l GILA f 'I 2 I ,:::Jl ,- ... " .. I~ 1 Ff fJ X X X " , ..... J 1 '"',r'\ 'I~ ,..;. -- --1'\ ~ ,..,._.,,_.J : IN " \ ( r-~ ~ ~~~~ \ Y U M A iv~~__t.:X~...~..l.-HY4+-+--l-.hW.'-+-W ' r ~ ~ • PHOENIX r------1, YUMA I \ Z I \ (~tl ~I~ ~ ~ ~~fJ I' -Fa - Ix r- ~I~) GRAHAM : 2 h ~ I I 16 15 14 13 12 II '10 II S 7 . r 71-:7:t::1-::+.:-+:-H-++-fL'X~X~--I '-~f- .. I r- ~i---J W H=r.Ir¥.1i-lYl4!4-1~6-/.c15~4W3 2 ~ IE,2 3 4 5 II 7 II( IK 10 tK 12 III 14 ~51Jg 17 18' t 14 Wa: 1"-"------' \ I I , \ I t-'----H~'X~ll~X~I~ XX~, i-l--+-W_Uls~ , rl--h I X X X X XI 1 H---;-'r---'r-+-'r-+-H.!:X~~XX~..l,-i.--+-l\' I 'oi 5 C) I \ I , L t 21 @l19/r;IS;J,I";:;,7t-rl v~~xl )(~11I±1--H-+--+---Ll.!J6 1 X X X .xJx i IX X 6 I" ~ \ I PINAL GRAHAM I I \ fNl--rXr.:t~XfX;+:r_fIX:jI--+~x~X~XL!1!~ X,, Lits=lJ X PI N \ I X X I J-:-7 I X X I 7 \ c L I \ I \ X SOUTHWES~ QUADRANT \ LL IX X X I I I. hLf-l-++-HH,:,,:H'--1--+--1: X A- I ~ ~n ~~ ~ \ iL X X 10 I I I 1 I , ~~ ~ ~ I I I I I ( ~ ~ r-----~~r-+--·OLJ-'_L-·l--~x~------~ XX~~~I~~I\_ ,1------I I ( I r-.J L.J L.. X X X Ilir2i a< 26 34 Ii I ------SQUhtEA5:r--OOAf*AN-f- ~~ i2'aa ~ ~ aq~ ~'io 1 i 13 X X XXXXX MlXXX I I • WILLCOX : 14 PIMA I XXXXXXXI41xxxx I • TUCSON I PIMA I I I ! X X X X X 15 X X X X I X xix X X X X 16 X X X c: XXi LCCbtlS~ 17 X COCHISE X X Xi X X X X )( )( X ~ Ix Ix K X x'x X X X X X X X )f X CUMULATIVE LEASE ACTIVITY ~~~--r4-+-+~1'-1--~-~--- X X:~~-X+X~X~X~x~x~x~l~m~x+lx~x~l~x STATE OF ARIZONA ...... ~~ L,+-+-~--T,---+,s~\N1,-"T fLI--H' X X X X X X X XI X X X X ..... """'-100--+---'---1 B!+H'~~-+--+--l X X X X X X X Ixc X X X STATE OF ARIZONA as of July 31, 1961 -- r- "'~ ~ X X X X X X l'3 X X X X Illustrated on this map exhibit are the specific areas taken under discussion in the Land and X-Indicates Leasing in Township (either partial or all) Leasing Review section, together with their commonly referred to name.- currently credited with total acreage under lease acres are still held by a variety of lessees. Many ti ,~ in the amount of one and one-half million acres. major companies and independent operators have I'

Major oil companies predominate with several strong leasehold positions. Some of the more N I '" ~ having lease spreads and/or blocks in excess of prominent majors are California Oil Company, I ... 100,000 acres. In addition, many majors and ~ Texaco Inc., Pure Oil Company, Sun Oil Com­ ..... strong independents maintain substantial scattered pany, Tidewater Oil Company, Kerr-McGee Oil "- (I)"" 0 .... -c lease representation. Industries, Inc., EI Paso Natural Gas Company, >- ~ Inw ~ ~ .... " .... :z Among the more prominent majors are EI EI Paso Natural Gas Products, Sunray-Mid Con­ IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII~ .. ::> '" 5 .... "" u 0 Paso Natural Gas Products Company, Texaco Inc., tinent Oil Company. Humble Oil and Refining .... - co: >< ...... E ... .. ~ ~ .... Skelly, Tenneco Oil Company, Sun Oil Company, IL .... Company, Cities Service Petroleum Company, Sin­ :IE CI..'" 0 III ~ ~ :z: Pure Oil Company, Humble Oil and Refining clair Oil & Gas Company, and others. Some of i ...... I pml "Iii CIO !2 0 ~ .: ~ N'"' III '" Company, and others. The independents include the more prominent independents include Texas I-- .. 0 I-- I-- ..,'" N oe ~ '" 2: ~ < Aztec Oil & Gas Company, Frankfort Oil Corpora­ 1~-'''''''.'''I''"I1~F ... - - - ~ National Petroleum, BBM Drilling Company, ... z: z: tion, South Texas Development Company, Alvin ~::: ::I ~ ~ ::I ~ ~~ Great Western Drilling Company, Dekalb Agricul­ ~ :IE ... C. Hope, Owannah Oil Corporation, Skyline Oil "'Go: .. tural Association, Aztec Oil & Gas Company, Del­ ... 0 Company, Kingwood Oil Company, Valen Oil hi-Taylor Oil Company, Pubco Petroleum Corpora­ " 2: ~ and Minerals, E. R. Richardson, Albuquerque, tion, Superior Oil Company, and others. - .~ - :: and others. Over the recent past, this area has received 0< z: z: I There seems to be a steady general explora­ - 0 drilling attention from such companies as Union N tory interest throughout the "Strip CQuntry." From Oil Company of California, Continental Oil Com­ (I) a:: f' ~ LLJ< ~lIIlIlIItII U> (I) LLJ time to time, there is active trading in localized a:: pany, Argo Oil Corporation, General Petroleum .:. I-- .., areas. However, more exploratory activity is needed t?~ ~"~IIII1I11"1I1I1I1I1I E- w ~ Corporation and Kerr-McGee Oil Industries.This ::I z: - .::. ::I ~g E z: zO = III to maintain this position. Based on the known area reached its peak of legitimate drilling activity o =... ::I ~ geology of the area, more drilling and seIsmIC -J LLJ ~:;~ III 1959 when Pan American Petroleum and EI :c ::IE=u 00 work is warranted. There have been unconfirmed Paso Natural Gas Company drilled four wells in =a:: LLJO: =...Go: LLJ < EliII: reports that such activity is in store and will take the basin and Lion Oil Company drilled one. All c.? o ~-J place. A little success could intensify the whole five wells failed to produce oil or gas III com­ 1 0 a:: 0 a:: .... "Strip" and bring Arizona into production promi­ mercial quantities but geological information was LLJ nence. '"" .::.z gained which will ultimately be used in additional u. < 0(1) .... NORTHEAST ARIZONA exploratory work. t:i ~ (I) (I) ...... When we speak of northeast Arizona, we refer Many structures are apparent throughout this I--~ III ... :~ ...... en z w '"u ...... ::10 ~ ~ :IE III to the area adjacent to the Navajo Indian Reserva­ z: ... . "u ...w area-some named, some unnamed; some tested, :IE ... c.? ....III -• 0: _ Go: '"• z: z .. 0 ... 0 tion south to the Mogollon Rim and east from come untested. Most of these structures are under o ... 2: .. . o ~ 00 wo " z r111111111 :Ii;: about Range 8 East to the New Mexico state line. lease to numerous majors and independents, some 0:8 " z en ~ : i Some people refer to this as the Black Mesa Basin of which contemplate exploratory programs to LLJ ~S and others as the Holbrook Basin. further evaluate their acreage. The Pinta Dome < .::. .... u- ... -' In this region there is a diversity of land own­ area, which is covered herein separately, has had ~H~~ ...... ~ ;i~w -JZ ...... -' >-CD X .., .. IIl11l1l1l1ll11l1ll1l11l1i u .... ership well mixed-Federal, State and Fee, plus extensive shallow drilling whereas the rest of the ~ :IE III .... U~ -Z "Z III o LLJ Go: .. .. - !: the unique complexity of railroad land which is Go: • areas have experienced only limited deep drilling. z: :c l> i51 g 2: I-­ ... 0 => I-­ " 2: checkerboarded section-wise over most of the sub­ However, there are several prospective drilling CD ~ 2:~ d2: <0 z a:: z: ....- => - " ject territory. For a complete understanding of projects that are expected to be completed in late I-- .... - u en a:: U'" III .. ::I LLJ o Go: .. A. railroad land ownership it is necessary to review 1961 or early 1962. -J > -' .. " III -J 0 11111111111111111 the history of the original railroad land grants by PINTA DOME HELIUM AREA o 1 ~ the government which were made as an induce­ The Pinta Dome Helium Area is a general I J ment to the railroads to open up new territory name referred to when discussing a broad area S.... o to civilization. of both leasing and drilling interest in central z: The year 1959 saw this whole of northeast Apache County immediately south of the Navajo :s Arizona under oil and gas lease with the exception Indian Reservation, extending m all directions of an undetermined amount of fee and railroad from a central focal-point which is the Pinta Dome lands. At present, it is estimated that 2,000,000 Helium Gas Field. The Pinta Dome Field was dis-

78 covered during 1950, and was subsequently taken­ when the existing leases expire. Two parcels ad­ Grand Canyon Game Preserve. Local sportsmen ninety miles in length extending from the Mexican over and developed by Kerr-McGee Oil Indus­ jacent to the field on the east have been classified have opposed the i,suance of leases on the Forest border on the south and terminating in the moun­ tries, Inc.; it is located in the south-half of Town­ in this category, and shall be put out for bid some­ and Game Preserve on the pretense that oil ex­ tains on the north. The valleys are separated by a ship 20 North, Range 26 East, and the north-half time during the balance of 1961. ploration would mar the beauty of the Forest and series of granitic mountains also running on a of Township 19 North, Range 26 East. During 1960 the Oil & Gas Conservation disturb the game. The oil industry has maintained north-south trend. A general outline of the Pinta Dome Helium Commission established nine spacing and produc­ that modern methods of operation and conserva­ Since 1905, when the first oil exploration at­ area would encompass an area from Townships 18 tion units in the Pinta Dome Helium Field to fa­ tion would protect the scenic values of the forest tempt was made, a sporadic series of drilling has through 21 North, and Ranges 25 through 29 cilitate the production of helium from six shut-in and would not only preserve the game but would taken place. To date there have been approximate­ East. Within this area containing approximately wells operated by Kerr-McGee, and three shut-in do much to benefit it. The oil industry further ly 87 wells drilled in this quadrant. Most of these 500,000 acres there has been a very intense search wells operated by Eastern Petroleum Corporation. urges entry as an additional compatible multiple tests have to be classified as inconclusive because for helium gas discovery during the past three year The referred to units generally contained 640 use of public lands and has agreed to a strict set of of insufficient depths penetrated and in many period. All leasing and exploratory drilling within acres, and were established due to the lack of legis­ stipulations to insure their compatibility with hunt­ cases a complete lack of any geological control. this area is predicated solely on the search for lation regarding field-wide unitization in the State ing, recreation, grazing, lumbering and other Several of the tests drilled never completely pene­ helium; during the past three years in excess of 40 of Arizona. As of this writing, a bill has been existent uses. trated the valley-fill cover, which is several thou­ helium tests have been drilled to an approximate introduced to the Legislature to correct this de­ Interest in the Kaibab is well mixed between sand feet deep in many areas of the broad valleys, depth of 1,000' to test the Coconino sandstone, ficiency. majors and independents. There is no doubt that so therefore they never had a chance to discover which currently is the apparent helium reservoir Presented in Exhibit "c" is a detailed plat if they are successful in obtaining leases, an early oil and/or gas production. in this area. indicating the areas encompassed within the Pinta exploratory program will follow. In order to facilitate an analysis of lease ac­ The land status within this area is a section­ Dome Helium Gas Field by the aforementioned KAIPAROWITS BASIN-PARIA PLATEAU tivity in the southeast quadrant it is necessary to alized checkerboard of fee and state lands, together Spacing Units. As additional reservoirs of helium The Kaiparowits Basin is situated mainly in discuss each valley individually, as each presents with a solid area of railroad lands at the eastern are discovered and defined, similar spacing units the State of Utah but does extend partially into itself as a separate lease play. The first valley or portion of the area. The majority of the fee lands shall be set up. the northern part of Coconino County, Arizona. area under discussion is the Sulphur Springs Val­ within the area are under lease; all the state land Arizona's portion of this basin, which lies west of ley, which is possibly the largest and the most is leased; and about three-quarters of the railroad KAIBAB PLATEAU the Colorado River (Navajo Indian Reservation), active from a lease standpoint. land is under lease. At the present time all the The Kaibab Plateau is located in northern east of the Kaibab monocline and north of the The Sulphur Springs Valley extending from lands under lease are held by independent and Coconino County, south of the Utah State the Mexican Border on the south to the general boundary and north of the Grand Canyon, gener­ • Vermillion Cliffs, is usually referred to as the Paria individual oil operators, with no major oil com­ Plateau. vicinity of Fort Grant, Arizona, on the northern panies being represented, other than Kerr-McGee. ally covering the area between Township 35 Large-scale leasing in this area was initiated end comprises some sixteen hundred square miles. The main leaseholders within the area are as fol­ through 40 North, Range 1 West through 2 East. in the spring of 1958 and by summer the entire This valley is approximately ninety miles long and lows: Kerr-McGee Oil Industries, Inc., Eastern The Kaibab Uplift is a well known geological basin inside Arizona was under lease, consisting thirty-five miles wide at its widest point. There are Petroleum Company, Crest Oil Company, James structure, having been mapped and discussed in of approximately 250,000 acres. The majority of three basic classifications of minerals in the valley; G. Brown & Associates, Texas American Oil detail in technical papers. It is heavily faulted, and the land is Federally owned with a few small namely, federal, state and private. The Sulphur Corporation, Armour Properties, Linehan & Stol· with other geological features it tends to indicate tracts belonging to the State. Springs Valley, because of its mild climate, has tenberg, Townsend Oil Corporation, and Aztec stratigraphic possibilities. Two major companies and several indepen­ been very condusive for agricultural purposes, and Oil and Gas Company. The land status of the Kaibab is comprised dent operators maintain the predominate leasehold consequently this area contains perhaps the largest At the present time there are several explora­ completely of federal lands. During the drilling of interests on the plateau; however there has been concentration of private minerals in the state. tory drilling programs being conducted within the the J. Ray McDermott test well in 1959 in Kane slight activity since the initial acquisition of said This valley has had considerable leasing activ­ area. New discoveries of helium reserves have re­ County, Utah, located one mile north of the Ari­ leases except a very moderate turnover of lease­ ity during the past several years. Many lease blocks sulted from the intense exploration in the area. zona State Boundary, reporting three shows, lease holds. No wells have been drilled although it is have been assembled and subsequently terminated; \,\,ith the announcement and construction of Kerr­ attention was focused upon the giant Kaibab Up­ however, current records indicate there are ap­ generally conceded that the geology is favorable. McGee's Helium Processing Plant for the market­ lift a few miles to the southeast. proximately 400,000 acres under lease in the valley. ing of the helium gas, it is expected that an ac­ Lease applications totaling 500,000 acres have SOUTHEAST ARIZONA The largest and most complete lease block is held celeration of drilling will commence. Acreage prices been filed by major oil companies, independent oil The southeast quadrant of Arizona is com­ by Paul Barnhart and BBM Drilling Company of have ranged between $5-$10 per acre within the operators and individuals. No leases have been posed of Cochise, Greenlee, Graham, Santa Cruz, Houston, Texas. The block was acquired during area, naturally dependent upon proximity and geo­ issued at the time of this writing, although a de­ Pima and Pinal Counties. Extensive lease plays in 1957-1958, with acreage totaling approximately logical control. A great majority of the acreage cision by the Bureau of Land Management on the this area of the state date back some twenty years; 187,000 acres, and being composed of state, federal is only available on a farmout basis. Recently the lease applications is expected in the very immediate although currently, existing leases in effect are and private leases. The other major leaseholder State Land Department ordered all lands immedi­ future. centered in three vast valleys: Sulphur Springs, in the valley is Sunray Mid-Continent Oil Com­ ately surrounding the Pinta Dome Helium Gas The land comprising the Kaibab lies within San Simon and San Bernardino. These valleys pany with leases in excess of 85,000 acres. The Field to be held for competitive bidding status the Kaibab National Forest and also within the are of north-south trend running approximately main holdings of both these lessee is concentrated

80 81 around the Townsite of Douglas and extending At this time there are no exploratory drilling pro­ famous Four Corners Area. The Navajo Tribe, Navajo claims invalid and reassuring Hopi title to north approximately twenty miles. grams being conducted in the area under discus­ prior to 1957, had put under lease several thousand the land. Discovery of oil, gas and uranium de­ Current records indicate another 120,000 sion, although several interested parties are cur­ acres of lands mainly tei Shell and Humble Oil. posits in the area, has spurred conflicting claims acres under lease in this valley in addition to the rently projecting their future plans to include one Shell Oil is attributed with the first Arizona dis­ to boundary lines. two major leaseholds previously mentioned. The or many exploratory tests in this area. covery during 1954. Dewey Healing, chairman of the Hopi Tribal majority of these leases are held by individuals SOUTHWEST ARIZONA During 1957 the Navajo Tribe put in excess Council, is plaintiff in the suit. Paul Jones, as and other independent companies, and are com­ The southwest quadrant of Arizona has re­ of 200,000 acres up for competitive bidding. This Navajo Tribal chairman, is defendant. The Hopi posed mainly of federal and state lands. ceived less lease activity than any other quadTant of lease sale resulted in the receipt bonuses totalling counsel is headed by John S. Boyden of Salt Lake The other large valley which has also experi­ the state. Approximately nine wildcat tests have $14,47.0,712.87 on the execution of 87 leases, repre­ City, while Chief attorney for the Navajos is enced extensive leasing during the past few years been drilled in this quadrant, with the majority of senting a total of 198,842 acres. The majority of Norman M. Littell, of Washington, D. C. The trial is the San Simon Valley. This valley extends from them being located near the City of Yuma, Yuma the acreage was obtained by major oil companies, was heard by a federal panel, consisting of U. S. the New Mexico boundary on the south, north­ County. The southwest quadrant consists of por­ with high bid bonus reaching $511.11 per acre by Court of Appeals Judge Frederick B. Hamley of Pan American-Phillips-Sinclair. The average per westerly to Fort Thomas, Arizona, a distance of tions of Yuma, Maricopa and Pima Counties, al­ San Francisco, Leon Lankwich, a retired district appro'ximately ninety-two miles. The valley at its though practically all lease activity has been acre price set a new record high for Navajo Indian judge of Los Angeles, and District Judge James A. acreage at $72.78 per acre. widest point measures approximately twenty-five centered around the City of Yuma and extending Walsh of Tucson, Arizona. The federal govern­ miles and contains about eleven hundred square east towards the Maricopa county line. The following map indicates tract number ment entered the case because it serves as Trustee and ownership of land sold by the Navajo's during miles. The San Simon Valley consists of federal, During 1961, a lease play encompassing in of Indian lands. The hearing lasted approximately Sale #58 on October 25, 1957. Also refer to Com­ state and private minerals, with the majority of excess of 150,000 acres was initiated around Date­ a month, and the evidence presented has been plete list of bids following, which illustrates bonus the land being federal and state. land, Arizona, a town located approximately sixty taken under advisement by the panel. A decision prices per acre paid by each company for indicated This valley has undergone a leasing history miles due east of the City of Yuma. The lease regarding the dispute is expected to be forthcom­ tracts. Tracts indicated without identifying tract dating back some thirty years by many major and play was stimulated by a lease acquisition in excess ing sometime during 1961. At this time it is ex­ numbers were sold during previous lease sales; independent companies. During 1957 extensive of 75,000 acres by Gamma Radiation Surveys, Inc., pected that the Nav;;tjos will further stimulate tracts marked "rejected" indicate rejected bids for lease plays were initiated with the announcement of Fort Worth, Texas. It has subsequently been activity in this area with the continuation of more insufficient bonus. by Humble Oil to drill a deep wildcat test in ad­ reported that a portion of this lease block has been lease sales. Presently the Navajo Indian Reservation jacent Hidalgo County, New Mexico. Presently farmed out for a granite test, to be drilled during boasts all the oil and gas production in Arizona STATE OF ARIZONA The Pure Oil Company maintains leases totalling 1961. Since the inception of this lease play, sur­ with the exception of the Pinta Dome Helium LEASING PROCEDURE approximately 30,000 acres, in addition to approxi­ rounding acreage in the Dateland vicinity has re­ Field located in central Apache County. From the Leasing in Arizona follows the general pro­ mately 50,000 acres held by Sunray Mid-Continent ceived steady leasing by independents mainly from onset of Shell's first. discovery during 1954, there cedure of other Rocky Mountain States with both Oil Company throughout this valley. Other major Arizona, Texas and California. have been numerous tests by many operators. Pre­ competitive and non-competitive leases being util­ and independent companies are currently main­ The only other area of lease activity in this sented overleaf is an index of wells capable of com­ ized. Indian lands are leased to the highest re­ taining an additional 140,000 acres in this valley. quadrant is located approximately due south of mercial production lying within the Navajo Indian sponsible bidder by competitive sale, and are classi­ The third and smallest valley taken under the City of Yuma. During the early part of 1959, Reservation. fied as competitive leases. Federal lands are divid­ discussion is the San Bernardino Valley, which ex­ Kerr-McGee Oil Industries, Inc. of Oklahoma ed into two categories, competitive and uncompeti­ tends from the Mexican boundary on the south, City, Oklahoma leased a small lease block in tive. All lands within a known geological structure on a northeastern trend, to the New Mexico border. Townships 10 and 11 South, Range 23 West. During 1959 and 1960 the Navajos cut-back of a producing oil or gas field are classified as com­ This valley is forty miles long and about sixteen Since that time surrounding acreage has been put on lease sales due to the now famous Navajo-Hopi petitive and all other lands are non-competitive. miles wide at its widest point, and contains ap­ under lease by various independents, with current Indian boundary dispute concerning the clarifica­ State lands likewise are non-competitive and com­ proximately six hundred square miles. records indicating approximately 25,000 acres tion of the boundary between the two reservations. petitive. Non-competitive lands are leased to the The San Bernardino Valley contains federal, under lease totally in this localized area. The Hopi Indian nation challenged a decision of first qualified applicant for a lease, in preference state and private lands, with the majority of the The southwest quadrant is composed of three the Federal government dating back to 1882. The to any other applicant. land being state land. A leasehold containing ap­ types of lands; federal, state and private. The ma­ Hopis filed a lawsuit during late 1958 against their proximately 20,000 acres located on the Guadalupe jority of the lands being federal, with several ex­ Only the procedures for non-competitIve traditional enemies, the Navajos, complaining that Structure is currently being maintained by Sterling tensive areas having been withdrawn by the fed­ leases will be given for the lands in Arizona since an executive order dated December 16, 1882, was Oil Company of Tulsa, Oklahoma. An additional eral government for military and reclamation most of the leases are of this type, owing to the not specific in outlining the boundaries of the two small amount of land within a known geologic 25,000 acres is currently under lease to other inde­ usage. reservations in northeastern Arizona. structure of a producing oil or gas field. pendent operators. NAVAJO INDIAN RESERVATION The Hopi reservation is entirely surrounded In the above discussion of lease interest in the The Navajo Indian Tribe controls approxi­ by the Navajo reservation, and the Hopis contend STATE LAND Southeast Quadrant of the State of Arizona it is mately 10,000,000 acres of land in the State of that 2-12 million acres of their reservation had A. Qualifications of Applicants. noted that many major and independent oil com­ Arizona, which lies in the northeast corner of the been. settled and used for pasture by the Navajos. 1. Any citizen of the United States who IS panies are currently maintaining leasehold interests. State, and controls Arizona's portion of the oil- • The lawsuit further asked for judgment ruling of legal age.

83 5. Time of filing shall constitute evidence of B. Lcasc Application, filing proccdure. TOTAL 'J priority of the first qualified applicant. 1. Securc lease application form from Bu­ NAME FielD LOCATION DATE DEPTH INITIAL PRODUCTION & REMARKS 6. In casc of simultaneous filings the State reau of Land Managcment, Fcdcral Build­ El PASO NAT. GAS NAVAJO BITA PEAK 19-41N-31E 1956 5648' 20.878 MCF 'r GAS (SHUT-IN) Land Dcpartment shall notify the conflict­ ing, P. O. Box 148, Phocnix, Arizona. TRIBAL BITA PEAK No. 1 1.000 BBl CONDENSATE ing applicants, and if the applicants can 2. Fivc copics of thc application shall bc filcd FRANCO WESTERN NAVAJO TOH-AH-TIN 22-41 N-28E 1956 5902' 7.450 MCF t (SHUT-IN) not resolve the conflict by amended appli­ at the Bureau of Land Management. TRIBAL No. 1 18 BBl DISTillATE cation within thirty days after the notice, 3. No offer shall bc for Icss than 640 acrcs thc department shall hold a drawing, with nor more than 2,560 acres, cxcept whcrc HUMBLE all CO. E.BOUNDARY 10-41 N-28E 1958 4893' 359.88 BOPD (SHUT-IN) 0 the lease bcing award cd to thc winncr the rule of approximation applies, cntirely NAVAJO TRIBAL No. 1-E BUTTE 41.6 A.P.1. HIGH, GaR thereof. within an area of six squarc miles or within HUMBLE all CO. NAVAJO E.BOUNDARY 4-41N-28E 1955 6382' 8,200 MCF t (SHUT-IN) D. Filing Procedure. an area not exceeding six survcycd scctions TRIBAL No. 1 BUTTE 47 BOPD 37.9° HIGH GaR 1. No offer shall bc for less than 40 acres nor in length or width. Offcrs for less than 640 SHell OIL CO. BOUNDARY E.BOUNDARY 11-41N-28E 1959 5513' 104 BOPD 44° A.P.1. t (SHUT-IN) - more than 2,560 acres, within a six-mile acres arc acccptabic in thc cvcnt thc acrc­ BUTTE No. 23-11 BUTTE 775 MCF PENN. PROD. square. age applied for is complctely isolated. SHEll OIL CO. NAVAJO E.BOUNDARY 3-41N-28E 1954 6339' 3,150 MCF l' 11 BBL OIL (SHUT-IN) 2. All lands applied for shall be located in as 4. Offer shall bc accompanicd by: TRIBAL No.2 BUTTE PENN. PROD. compact an area as possible with no avail­ (a) $10.00 filing fcc.

SUPERIOR OIL CO. WALKER 16-41N-30E 1957 6787' 12,500 MCF l' 125 BBL (SHUT-IN) able lands left isolated within the lease. (b) $ .50 pCI' acrc as the first ycar's prc­ No. 2-H NAVAJO CREEK 64.6° A.P.1. PENN. PROD. 3. All applications which are faulty in some paid rental. manner, mainly, the application for lands C. Time of Filing. TEXAS PACIFIC COAL & OIL DRY MESA 11-40N-28E 1959 6080' 240 BOPD 40.6 ° A.P.1. l' which are unavailable, will be rejected in NAVAJO TRIBAL No. 138-1 43.8 MCF GAS MISS. PROD. 1. Bureau of Land lvIanagcmcnt hours arc their entirety. from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. Monday through TEXAS PACIFIC COAL & OIL CO. DRY MESA 12-40N-28E 1960 5771' 38 BOPD MISS. PROD. NOTE: It is highly advisable, that all parties wish­ Friday. NAVAJO No. 138-2 ing to make applications to lease with the 2. Application will be stamped with the cxact TEXAS PACIFIC COAL & all DRY MESA 2-40N-28E 1960 5411' 166 BOPD 39.3° MISS, PROD. State Land Department, secure from their date and time of filing whethcr by mail or NAVAJO No. 138-3 office a complete set of the Rules & Regu­ personal delivery . lations on Oil & Gas Leasing and also a TEXACO INC. NAVAJO TRIBAL BITA PEAK 36-41 N-30E 1960 6997' 8 BOPD NON-COMMERCIAL 3. All applications presented for filing prior No. Z-l set of General Leasing Rules &, Regula­ • to opening of dffice for business day shall tions, as thcre are several peculiarities in ATLANTIC REFINING CO. DRY MESA 7-40N-29E 1961 5785' 143 BOPD 38° be stamped received as of 10 a.m. of that the existing procedures which could easily No. 1-7 NAVAJO day. result in improper filings. 4. All applications received in the first de­ The State of Arizona lease application livel'y of the United States mail of each and lease form are reprinted in following business day shall be stamped received as 2. Any person who has declared intention to (1) Rental may not be less than Exhibits E and F for full inspection. of 10 a.m. of that day. become a citizen of the United States and $18.00 per year. 5. Time of filing shall constitute evidence of is of legal age. (2) Cash, check, money order are FEDERAL LAND priority of the first qualified applicant. 3. Any firm, association or corporation which acceptable. A. Qualification of Applicants. has complied with the laws of the state. 6. As in other Rocky Mountain States, the C. Time of filing. 1. A citizen or association of CItizens of the 4. No person, association or corporation can, Arizona Bureau of Land Management of­ 1. State Land Department hours are from United States who are of legal age. at any time, hold in excess of 15,360 aggre­ fice posts a list of available Federal acreagc 8 a.ill. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday. 2. A corporation organized under the laws of gate acres under lease. on the third Monday of every month. This the United States or of any state or terri­ B. Lease Application. 2. Application will be stamped with exact acreage may be applied for between 10 tory thereof. 1. Secure application form from State Land date and time of filing whether by mail a.m. of said third Monday and 10 a.m. of Departlnent, State Capital Annex, Phoenix, or personal delivery. (a) Aliens may hold stock in such corpora­ the following Monday. A public drawing is Arizona. 3. All applications received in the first de­ tions only if the laws and customs of held in thc ensuing week to determine 2. Application shall be presented or mailed to livery of U.S. Mail of each business day their countries do not deny similar or priority on lands that received more than the State Land Department. shall be stamped received as of 9 a.m. of like privileges to citizens or corpora­ one lease application. This is done inas­ 3. Application should be accompanied by: that day. tions of the United States. much as any application filed during the (a) $10.00 filing fee. 4. All applications presented for filing at or 3. No person, association or corporation can, posting period is considered to have been (b) $ 1.50 lease issuance fee. prior to opening of office for business on at any time, hold or take leases exceeding simultaneously filed. The Bureau of Land (c) $ .25 per acre as the first year's any business day shall be stamped received in the aggregate 246,080 acres in anyone Management requires a certified check for prepaid rental. as of 8 a.m. of that day. • state, whether directly or indirectly. the advance rental on simultaneous filings;

84 85 the $10.00 filing fee may be made by either Agency to publish and distribute the iRACT COMPANY BONUS PER ACRE TOTAL BONUS certified or personal check. notices. # 55 Sunray $ 15.57 $ 24,585.03 NOTE: Leasing procedure regarding Federal 3. The notices usually provide a minimum 30 56 Rejected Lands was not covered in more detail, in­ days for the submission of sealed bids or 57 Humble 5.12 8,115.20 217,139.20 asmuch as this same system affecting all before a public auction is to be held. 58 Superior.Pan American 84.82 59 Standard of California 139.87 358,067.20 public domain lands, prevails in all states 4. Prospective lessee bids on the cash bonus, 60 Superior·Pan American 89.61 299,401.60 wherein federally owned lands and min­ and in cases where the land put up for bid 61 Rejected 62 Shell Oil 41.13 52,646.40 erals exist. is put up with a fixed cash bonus, the bid­ 63 The Texas Company 111.14 142,259.20 ding is on the royalty to be paid to the 64 British American & Gulf 32.16 75,801.12 INDIAN LAND 65 British American 2.03 5,196.80 lessor. 66 No Bids All leases on Indian Land m Arizona are 5. The highest responsible qualified bidder 67 Rejected 68 British American 2.03 5,196.80 competitive leases whether they be on alloted will be offered the lease. 69 No' Bids Lands or on Tribal Lands. NOTE: It is advisable for persons interested in 70 Pan American 35.69 84,121.33 71 Superior·Pan American 5.55 14,208.00 A. Qualifications of Applicants. Indian Lands to contact the Bureau of 72 No Bids 1. Any citizen of the United States, or any Indian Affairs Office, Navajo Indian 73 Pan American 55.88 43,195.24 association of such citizens. Agency, Window Rock, Arizona, for com­ 74 Shell Oil 26.11 37,755.06 75 Pure Oil 12.27 18,993.96 2. Any corporation organized under the laws plete lease data and periodical notices of 76 Sunray 3.59 5,557.32 of the United States or of any state or terri­ land available for lease. 77 Pan American 25.45 65,152.00 78 Rejected tory thereof. FEE LAND 79 Continental Oil 15.75 40,320.00 B. Proceedings Prior to Issuance of Lease. 80 The Texas Company 43.17 101,751.69 Fee lands in Arizona may be leased direct 81 Rejected 1. Allocated lands: Superintendent of the from the proper mineral owners as in the case of 82 Continental Oil 7.70 19,712.00 particular Indian Agency will publish 83 Pan American 131.36 309,615.52 all other states. Standard lease-forms in general 84 Pan American 15.22 38,963.20 notices that oil and gas leases on specific use throughout the Rocky Mountain area may be 85 Pan American 5.15 13,184.00 tracts will be offered to the highest re­ 86 Superior·Pan American 213.56 503,360.92 utilized. 87 Pan American 15.22 38,963.20 sponsible bidder. In Arizona there are two separate companies. 88 Pan American 5.15 13,184.00 (a) A prospective bidder may commence 89 General Petroleum 11.11 17,609.35 maintaining minerals in excess of one million 90 Rejected procedure by requesting lease sale on acres, which are available for lease on terms estab­ 91 Pure Oil 17.77 45,491.20 • 92 Union Oil of California 27.76 71,065.60 specific tracts. lished by the respective company's policy. These 93 Pan American 5.15 8,162.75 2. Tribal lands: Tribal council authorizes companies are the Santa Fe Railroad Company 94 Gulf Oil 7.00 8,960.00 Secretary of Interior to post notices on spe­ and New Mexico-Arizona Land and Cattle Com­ 95 Rejected 96 Pan American 5.15 13,184.00 cific tracts. Secretary of Interior instructs pany, and should be contacted direct for lease pro­ 97 Pan American 5.15 8,162.75 Superintendent of the particular Indian cedure and terms. 98 Rejected 99 Pan American 21.11 54,041.60 100 Rejected 101 Pan American 25.45 59,985.65 102 Rejected 103 Shell Oil 76.09 194,790.40 104 Union Oil of California 33.79 79,643.03 105 Pan American 35.69 91,366.40 106 Shell Oil 51.27 131,251.20 107 Union Oil of California 33.79 79,643.03 108 Union Oil of California 31.76 81,305.60 109 Shell Oil 26.11 66,841.60 129 Rejected 130 Sinclair·Superior·Pan American 75.11 192,281.6.9 131 Sinclair·Superior·Pan American 88.61 226,841.60 132 Tidewater 195.31 460,345.67 133 Helbing.Podpechan 17.11 43,801.60 134 Rejected 135 The Texas Company 138.53 326,515.21 136 Rejected 137 Sinclair·Pan American 5.38 13,772.80 138 Texas Pacific·Pure·Sun Oil·Monsanto 257.77 607,563.89 139 Texas Company 41.33 105,804.80 140 Sinclair· Pan American 5.38 13,772.80 141 Kern County Land Company 21.00 48,258.00 142 General Petroleum 40.44 64,097.40 143 Rejected 144 The Texas Company 28.48 72,908.80

86 87 TRACT COMPANY BONUS PER ACRE TOTAL BONUS

145 Continental Oil 30.75 78,720.00 • EXPLORATORY OIL AND GAS WELLS OF THE STATE OF ARIZONA 146 Rejected '. AS OF SEPTEM BER I, 1961 147 The Texas Company 63.48 81,254.40 148 The Texas Company 61.86 158,361.60 149 Rejected 150 Sinclair·Su perior·Pan American 5.38 8,242.16 COMPILED BY: Arizona Petroleum Map Service 151 The Texas Company 37.78 48,358.40 3500 North Central Avenue 152 Rejected 153 Atlantic· Tidewater 25.11 64,281.60 Phoenix. Arizona 154 Rejected 155 Sinclair·Pan Ameri~an 49.51 116,695.07 156 Rejected 157 Atlantic·Tidewater 181.58 464,844.80 The following summary of exploratory Oil & Gas Wells in Arizona represents a listing 158 Phillips.Sinciair-Pan American 452.85 1,067,367.45 of a" the oil and gas test wells, and some water and strat tests drilled in the State. Wells 159 Phillips-Sinclair·Pan American 511.11 1,308,441.60 drilled to a depth of less than 500 feet are not included unless their records furnish signifi­ 160 Phillips·Sinclair.Pan American 176.85 452,736.00 cant geologic information. Included in the listing is the location of the we" and other statis­ 175 Sincla i r·Su perior·Pa n American 53.50 136,960.00 176 Shell Oil 106.99 273,894.40 tics. as we" as the information which is on file and available through various State and 177 Atlantic 59.08 151,256.00 Federal Agencies. 178 Union Oil of California 51.00 130,560.00 Although the information available regarding some of these wells is fragmentary, it is 179 Atlantic·Ohio 85.37 201,236.00 180 Ohio Oil Company 42.22 108,083.20 believed that this compilation will prove useful in the search for oil and gas in Arizona. Un­ 181 Texas Pacific·Pure 11.77 30,131.20 der existing Arizona rule. the collection of sample we" bore cuttings, and cores in new wells 182 Atlantic 32.34 76,236.00 is mandatory. However, the State does not have samples for some wells drilled prior to 183 Sinclair·Su perior.Pan American 8.11 20,761.60 1951. 184 Edward M. Wavers .10 256.00 185 Shell Oil 41.97 98,923.29 The locations of wells listed are given by county, township, range, section, and where 186 Sinclair.Superior-Pan American 8.11 20,761.60 information was available. the subdivision of the section. Some of the individual wells listed 187 Edward M. Wavers .10 256.00 were drilled in part by different operators. For these, the names of the operator who com­ 188 Gulf Oil 142.50 364,800.00 pleted the well is given. Several of the names used to designate wells were found to be in­ 189 Ph ill i ps·Si ncla ir- Pan American 213.66 503,596.62 190 Texas Pacific·Pure·Lion Monsanto 411.88 1,054,412.80 consistent among the various sources of information that were checked; for these wells, the 191 Humble 151.46 387,737.60 designation that seemed most consistent is given. 192 Rejected The year of completion is the year in which drilling operations in the well ceased. Some 193 The Texas Company 384.45 984,195.20 194 Sinclair·Pan American 53.58 137,164.80 of the wells were drilled intermittently, and the completion date shown for a few of the wells 195 Sinclair·Pan American 8.68 20,458.76 • may be inaccurate. The elevations shown for the wells are those that appear in the records. 196 Sinclair·Pan American 56.11 143,641.60 Whether some of these are the elevations of the ground at the well site or of the derrick 197 Sinclair·Pan American 20.38 52,172.80 floor or other datum, is unknown, as is the degree of accuracy with which they were originally determined. The total depths shown are believed to be reasonably accurate; however, some inconsistencies in these are also found. The surface formations and bottom formations listed have been checked with available maps and logs. Shallow coverings of weathering and soil have been ignored. Alluvium refers to alluvial fill regardless of depth and without reference to age. Bottom hole formations UTAH COLORADO I. have been determined by reasonably authenticated data. Wells that have been inactive for several years are listed as abandoned. For some wells on which operations have been sus­ pended the last year in which work was done on the we". the depth reached, and the deepest 1-- -- .-----.---- .---~~--r---l--- .----~;-..-- ---r------GEN. PET. REJECTED GEM. PET. KERN eNTY. SUNRAY --y-: ~i't~ - formation penetrated as of that date are given. Oil and gas showings have been reported 97 P"'N~!u'eR. 93 89 I 141 142 141 HUMBL ., ., , --.'", ~ • . _57.. _.,. -'5.. in many of the wells listed. but have not been verified; therefore, showings were not indi­ KERR KERR REJECTED GULF 94 REJECTED REJECTEO EL PAS HAT. GAS BOLACI( 01 KERR SINCLAIR SUPERIOR .. fL PASO ~ .0 , N-GEE N"GEE BOLACK N" GEE SUPERIOR P... H·... MER SUPERIOR HAr. GAS ~ •• .. cated in the tabulation. ftEJEeTEI fL PASO c -~175 51 c~ T P... H· ... UfR PURE TEX. ""en . • Z I IHAT. GAS 00 91 , , KERR· O' .. PAN-"MER ATLAHTIC SHEll STAHCAL SUPERIOR STAHOUI

FOUR CORNERS LEASE OWNERSHIP - NAVAJO INDIAN RESERVATION - STATE OF ARIZONA UND-Undifferentiated I • WW-Water Well

88 89 ~CHE COUNTY - Exploratory Wells

APACHE COUNTY - Exploratory Wells !l!!!!'e of Well Location Sec T R TD Date Elev. Surface Bottom Status Info on Hand Kerr-HcGee Oil Ind. 415 State SWNE 36 20N 26E 1000 1959 5648'GL Chinle Coconino P&A DL, EL, Ctgs

Name of Well Location Sec T R TD Date Elev. Surface Bottom Status Info on Hand Brown & Associates - Chambers-Sanders NENE 28 2lN 28E 1322 1959 5791'GL Chinle P&A Ctgs, EL Fee III Zuni -Arizona III SESE 6 19N 24E 950 1921 5400' Chinle Chinle P&A SL, DL w/notes

Wilson -Crammer 111 Center 27 29N 30E 249 1922 7550' P&A DL 'flA... rOWU & Associates - Chambers -Sanders SESWSW 27 21N 28E 2135 1959 5802' GL Chinle Granite? P&A Ctgs, EL Supai Gneiss ''P Fee 112 Wilson -Crammer 112 Center 11 30N 27E 806 1922 6650' Coconino Granite P&A DL Brown & Associates - Chambers-Sanders NWNW 26 2lN 28E 580 1959 5807'GL Chinle P&A Ctgs, EL San Juan Oil & Dev-Gypsum Creek #1 SWSW 4lN 23E 2081 1924 4925' Cutler Dev. Miss P&A DL, Ctgs Fee 113 Und IS Hogback Oil Co #1 NWNWNW 24 23N 30E 1550 1932 6900' Moenkopi Granite P&A DL, SL w/notes Hae Belcher, Trustee - #1 State SENW 20 9N 31E 2921 1959 7186' Tertiary Granite p&A Ctgs

Greer Well (S/A Rincon Syn. Ill) NWNWNE 28 13N 27E 685 1940 6225' Chinle P&A SA, Ctgs U.S. Indian Service NESENW 19 26N 3lE 1795 6800' Chinle Cutler Water Well

Franco Arizona-Govt. #1 SESENE 14 l4N 26E 2595 1940 5672' Moenkopi Granite P&A DL, w/notes. SA, Ctgs Kerr-HcGse Oil Ind. -Natoni Fee #1 SWNE 22 21N 28E 460 1960 5826'GL Chinle Coconino P&A EL, Ctgs

Argo Oil Co - State #1 C -NENE 22 l5N 29E 2637 1944 5900' Chinle Pre -Cambrian P&A DL, SL, SA, Ctgs Townsend Oil - Vaughn - Fed 1/1 NENW 9 l2N 31E 590 1960 Chinle Coconino P&A

C. A. Hinkson 113 SE 32 l5N 30E 1300 1946 6100' Cretaceous Coconino Water Well DL, Ctgs Wilkinson Oil & Gas Co-Sunland Dev. SENESW 28 19N 26E 1040 1960 5592'KB Chinle Coconino P&A EL, Ctgs 111 State Kerr-HcGee Oil Ind. -State III SESWSW 34 20N 26E 1520 1950 5830' Chinle Supai SI/HW DL, Ctgs Wilkinson Oil & Gas Co-Sunland Dev. 2450'FWL 28 19N 26E 1050 1960 5597'GL Chinle Coconino P&A EL, Ctgs Amerad&-Stanolind-Black Ht. #1 7942'FNL 26 32N 23E 5766 1951 6320' Horrison Granite P&A DL, EL, GRL, Ctgs & cores 112 State l800'FSL 4838'FWL Texaco Inc. - Navajo Tribal #Z-l 1980'FSL 36 41N 30E 6997 1960 5274' DF Horrison Pre -C ambrian Oil Well Ctgs, EL, DL El Paso Natural Gas Co 24 25N 24E 2096 1952 6520' Territary DeChelly Water Well DL, EL 560'FWL

Shell Oil Co-Navajo Tribal #1 C-SESE 4lN 29E 6490 1954 5237' Navajo Ignacio P&A DL, Ctgs British -American Oil Prod.­ 990'FSL 5 ~ON 30E 6419 1960 5527'GL Horrison Devonian P&A DL, EL, Ctgs Navajo 111-C 990'FWL Shell Oil Co-Navajo Tribal #2 C-SENW 3 4lN 28E 6339 1954 5307' Navajo Cambrian SI/GW EL, GRL, LATL, ML, DL ENGRL,Ctgs Eastern Petroleum Co - State #1-2 NESW 2 19N 26E 1054 1960 570'KB Chinle Coconino SI/HW EL, Ctgs Humble Oil & Ref. Co-Navajo Tribal III NESE 4 4lN 28E 6382 1955 5373' Navajo Ouray SI/GW CA, ENGRL, HL, EL, GRL, Ctgs Eastern Petroleum Co - State #1-6 SENE 6 19N 26E 1013 1960 5663'KB Chinle Coconino P&A EL, Ctgs Kerr-HcGee Oil Ind. -Fee #1 SWSWSE 33 20N 26E 2517 1956 5850' Chinle Supai P&A Ctgs Eastern Petroleum Co - State #1-10 C-NENE 10 19N 26E 1035 1960 5743'KB Chinle Coconino SI/HW EL, Ctgs Kerr-HcGee Oil Ind. -State 112 NENWSE 34 20N 26E 2507 1956 5810' Chinle Supai SI/HW Ctgs Eastern Petroleum Co - State #1-28 660'FSL 28 20N 26K 1091 1960 5703'KB Chinle Coconino SI/HW EL, Ctgs El Paso Natl. Gas -Navajo Tribal SWNW 19 4lN 3lE 5648 1956 5028' Morrison Hermosa SI/GW EL, RL, Ctgs & Cores 660'FEL Bita Peak III Crest Oil Co. - #1 Santa Fe 1980'FSL 19 20N 27E 1226 1960 6959'KB Tertiary Coconino P&A EL, Ctgs El Paso Natl. Gas-Navajo Tribal 114-x SWSE 19 4lN 3lE 690 1956 5081 Morrison Morrison Strat DL, EL, Ctgs 1868'FWL

El Paso Natl. Gas -Navajo Tribal 111 SWNE 13 4lN 30E 705 1956 5106 Morrison Morrison Strat DL, EL, Ctgs Eastern Petroleum Co - #2 Santa Fe 1980'FNL 20N 27E 1241 1960 5769'GL Chinle CoconinQ P&A EL, Ctgs 1851 'FWL El Paso Natl. Gas -Navajo Tribal 112 SENE 18 4lN 3lE 420 1956 5034' Morrison Morrison Strat DL, EL, Ctgs

El Paso Natl. Gas-Navajo Tribal #3 NWNW 19 4lN 3lE 740 1956 5027' Morrison Morrison Strat DL, EL, Ctgs '~¥astern Petroleum Co - 113 Santa Fe 1980'FSL 9 19N 27E 2933 1960 5890'KB Tertiary Supai P&A EL, Ctgs 1980'FWL El Paso Natl. Gas -Navajo Tribal 114 SWSE 19 4lN 3lE 605 1956 5081' Morrison Morrison Strat DL, EL, Ctgs Eastern Petroleum Co - III Santa Fe Z130'FNL 35 21N 26E 1616 1960 6060'GL Tertiary Coconino P&A EL, Ctgs El Paso Natl. Gas-Navajo Tribal #7 SENE 4lN 3lE 470 1956 4897' Morrison Morrison P&A DL, EL, Ctgs Z095'FWL

El Paso Natl. Gas -Navajo Tribal 118 SENE 26 4lN 30E 580 1956 5225' Morrison Morrison P&A DL, EL, Ctgs Crest Oil Co ~ #2 Santa Fe 1980'FWL 33 20N 27E 1140 1960 5761'KB Tertiary Coconino SI/HW EL, Ctgs 1980'FSL El Paso Natl. Gas -Navajo Tribal 1110 SENE 11 4lN 30E 472 1956 4803' Morrison Morrison P&A DL, EL, Ctgs Crest Oil Co - #3 Santa Fe 1980'FEL 3 19N 27E 1282 1960 5850'GL Tertiary Coconino P&A EL, Ctgs Hancock Oil Co-Dinne Tribal 1129-1 NENW 29 4lN 27E 6500 1956 5666' Jurassic Elbert-Dev. P&A EL, DL, ENGRL, Ctgs 1980'FSL

Franco-Western - Navajo Tribal #1 C-SWNW 22 4lN 28E 5902 1956 5434' Morrison Leadville SI/GW DL, EL, ML, RL, Ctgs Texas Pacific Coal & Oil - C-NENE 11 40N 28E 6080 1960 5940'GL Horrison Cambrian Oil Well Ctgs, EL, DL Navajo Tribal #1-38 Kerr-HcGee Oil Ind. - Fee #2 NW 35 20N 26E 1011 1957 5732' Chinle Supai SI/HW EL, Ctgs Texas Pacific Coal & Oil - 1980'FNL 12 40N 28E 5771 1960 5967'GL Jurasatc Hisaissippian Oil Well Ctgs. EL, DL Kerr-HcGee Oil Ind. - State 113 NENWSE 4 19N 26E 1198 1957 5753' Chinle Supai SI/HW EL, Ctgs Navajo Tribal #2-138 660'FWL

Kerr-HcGee Oil Ind. - State #4 NWSWNE 32 20N 26E 836 1957 5643' Chinle Supai SI/HW EL, Ctgs Texas Pacific Coal & Oil - 760'FSL 2 40N 28E 5411 1960 5674'GL Jurassic Mississippian Oil Well Ctgs, EL, DL Navajo Tribal #3-138 2035'FEL Gulf Oil Co #1 Walker Creek Navajo SWSE 28 4lN 26E 6421 1958 5192' Jurassic Mississippian? P&A Ctgs, EL Texas Pacific Coal & Oil - 2040'FNL 11 40N 28E 5799 1960 5946'GL Harrison Mississippian P&A Ctgs, EL, DL Superior Oil Co-Navajo Tribal #H-l NWSW 10 4lN 30E 6317 1957 4875' Jurassic Madison P&A EL, GRL, Ctgs Navajo Tribal 114-l38 l880'FEL l650'FEL 5 40N 28E 6260 P&A Superior Oil Co-Navajo Tribal IIH-2 SWSW 16 4lN 30E 5697 1957 5112' Jurassic Hississippian? SI/GW EL, GRL, Ctgs Humble Oil & Refining Co - 1960 544l'GL Horrison Hississippian EL, DL, Ctgs Navajo Tribal #2 560'FNL Humble Oil Co - Ill-E Navajo SWNE 10 4lN 28E 5410 1958 5498'DF Navajo Pennsylvanian Oil Well EL, Ctgs Layron E. Wilson - #1 Cody Harris 660'FSL 13 20N 26E 1270 1960 5730'GL Chinle Coconino P&A Humble Oil Co - #2-E Navajo SWNE 4lN 28E 6520 1958 5499' DF Navajo Devonian P&A EL, Ctgs 660'FWL

Kerr-McGee Oil Ind. -Hartenstein Nine Hile 23 l8N 25E 3454 1958 5587'GL Chinle Granite P&A Ctgs, EL Texas American Oil Corp. - ll20'FKL 22 20N 25K 1327 1960 5760'GL Chinle Coconino P&A SL, Ctgs III Fee Anticline Ill-A Fitzgerald 760'FSL

Kerr-McGee Oil Ind. -Hartenstein Nine Hile 21 l8N 25E 540 1958 5499'GL Chinle Coconino P&A Ctgs, EL Superior Oil Co - Navajo #23-21 2ll0'FSL 21 41N 30E 5991 1960 5143'DF Horrison Hississippian? P&A Ctgs, EL, GRL, CA 112 Fee Anticline l840'FWL

Kerr-HcGee Oil Ind. - #1 Reese NESE 27 20N 26E 1052 1958 56l7'GL Chinle Coconino P&A Ctgs, EL Western States - Navajo Tribal #1 1980'FEL 17 40N 28E 6341 1960 5762'DF Horrison Hississippian P&A DL, Ctgs, EL 660'FNL Fred Blair Townsend - Harrison Prod. NWSE 21 l5N 29E 802 1959 5310' GL Chinle P&A Co - Fee 111 Davis Oil Co - Navajo #C-l 660'FKL 29 41N 29K 6749 1961 5435'GL Jurassic Cambrian P&A DI, Ctgs, EL Texas Pacific Coal & Oil Co. 660'FSL 20 40N 26E 6424 1959 5307'GL Glen Canyon Pre-Cambrian? P&A Ctgs, EL, DL, 660'FSL 11190-1 Navajo 660' FEL erra Drilling Co - State III 1980'FEL 2 19N 26E 1047 1961 Chinle Coconino P&A Pan American Petroleum-Phillips Petro­ NESE 11 40N 25E 6598 1959 5296'GL A11uv. Pre-Cambrian P&A Ctgs, EL, DL It. 1980'FSL leum-Sinclair Oil & Gas III Keoh -Lacon -Navajo Sierra Drilling Co - State #4 1980'FEL 16 19N 26E 1016 1961 5609'GL Chinle Coconino P&A 1980'FSL Pan American Petroleum Corp.­ 660' FEL 12 l3N 25E 3680 1959 5875'GL Shinarump Granite P&A Ctgs, EL, GRL New Mexico-Arizona #l-A 660'FSL Sierra Drilling Co - State #3 1980'FEL 30 20N 26E 1036 1961 56l5'GL Chinle Coconino P&A 1980'FSL Shell Oil Co - 1111-23 Navajo NESW 11 4lN 28E 5513 1959 5435' DF Jurassic Hermosa SI/O&GW Ctgs. EL. DL Sierra Drilling Co - State #2 1980'FSL 12 19N 26E 1100 1961 5756' Tertiary Coconino P&A E.B. LaRue, Jr. - #1 Navajo C-NWNW 18 40N 28E 6927 1959 5580'GL Morrison Pre-Cambrian P&A Ctgs, EL 1980' roT(. APACHE COUNTY - Exploratory Wells

Name of Well Location Sec T R TD Date Elev Surface Bottom Status Info on Hand Crest Oil Co - #8 Santa Fe 1980'FNL 25 20N 27E 1961 5789'GL Tertiary Coconino Location EL, Ctgs l650'FWL

Linehan & Stoltenberg - 660'FNL 20N 26E 1218 1961 5745'GL Chinle Coconino P&A EL, Ctgs Spurlock & Wetzler #1-9 660'FWL NAVAJO COUNTY - Exploratory Wells Linehan & Stoltenberg - 1980'FNL 13 19N 26E 1083 1961 5788'GL Chinle Coconino P&A EL, Ctgs Spurlock & Wetzler #1-13 1980'FWL • Name of Well Location Sec T R TD Date Elev. Surface Bottom Status Info on Hand Linehan & Stoltenberg - Winslow Oil Co #1 SWSE 14 15N 18E 3000 Hoenkopi Redwall P&A Spurlock & Wetzler #1-21 1980'FWL 21 20N 26E 1082 1961 5600'GL Chinle Coconino P&A EL, Ctgs 650'FSL Lydia Johnson, Trustee #1 Aztec SWNENE 33 14N 20E 3746 1959 5980' Moenkopi Granite P&A EL, Ctgs Linehan & Stoltenberg - 2500'FNL 31 20N 26E 858 1961 5532'GL Chinle Coconino P&A EL, Ctgs Besoi1 Co - #1 Perkins SESE 33 18N 20E 480 1959 SOlO' Moenkopi Coconino? P&A Spurlock & Wetzler #1-31 660'FEL Besoil Co - #1 Hunt NESESE 31 18N 20E 1685 1959 5050' Moenkopi Ft. Apache? P&A EL, Ctgs Linehan & Stoltenberg - l868'FSL 23 19N 26E 990 1961 5770'GL Chinle Coconino P&A EL, Ctgs Spurlock & Wetzler #1-23 242'FWL Pan American Petroleum Corp. - 1968.67'FEL 25 12N 23E 4497 1959 6253'KB Moenkopi Granite P&A Ctgs. EL, GRL New Mexico-Arizona Land Co-B #1 Fee 1982.70' FNL Linehan & Stoltenberg - 2545'FWL 27 19N 26E 957 1961 5715'GL Chinle Coconino P&A EL, Ctgs Spurlock & Wetzler #2-27 5l'FNL Pan American Petroleum Corp. - 2238.72'FNL 5 16N 20E 4003 1959 5429'GL Coconino Granite P&A Ctgs, EL, GRL Aztec Land & Cattle Co. #A-l 660.57'FEL Kerr-McGee Oil Ind. - #3 Fee C-NWNE 35 20N 26E 1086 1961 5640'DF Chinle Coconino P&A EL, Ctgs 2002.70'FNL 9 16N 18E 3936 1959 5678'GL Moenkopi Granite P&A Ctgs,EL, GRL Teil Development Co., Inc. -#1 State Pan American Petroleum Corp. - l720'FSL 22 19N 26E 765 1961 5640'GL Chinle Location Aztec Land & Cattle Co. #B-1 1959.51'FEL 100'FEL Tucson Oil & Gas Production Co­ SWSE 30 18N 20E 1785 1960 5ll7'KB Moenkopi P&A DL Bonanza Oil Corp. -#1 Navajo 660'FSL 30 40N 26E 6515 1961 5334'GL Juras.sic Mississippian? P&A EL, Ctgs Woodman - Fed. lft-X 660'FEL Arrowhead Oil & Gas Co-Besoyan Bros. 1596' FNL 28 18N 20E 2015 1960 5352' GL Moenkopi GRL Atlantic Refining CO-lFl-7 Navajo 660'FSL 40N 29E 5785 1961 60l5'GL Morrison Pre-Gambrian Oil Well. Ctgs EL, DL State 1ft 1940'FEL 660'FEL Lydia Johnson, Trustee #2 Aztec 1650'FEL 33 14N 20E (1) 1960 6016'GL Moenkopi P&A Eastern Petroleum Co - #5 Santa Fe l360'FNL 19N 28E 1789 1961 Tertiary Coconino P&A EL, Ctgs 2405' FNL 2054'FWL Lydia Johnson, Trustee if3 Aztec 3175.89'FNL 33 14N 20E 185 1960 5987' Moenkopi P&A Eastern Petroleum Co - #4 Santa Fe l650'FWL 19 20N 28E 1478 1961 5025' Tertiary Coconino P&A EL, Ctgs 1651. 67' FEL l650'FSL California Oil Co - State 2519 #1 CNW 12 14N 18E 1961 5832'KB Alluv. Location Crest Oil Co - #5-A Santa Fe l550'FSL 26 20N 27E 1961 5750' Tertiary Location l650'FWL Crest Oil Co - #4 Santa Fe 1980'FWL 27 20N 27E 1961 5739'GL Tertiary Location l650'FSL

Crest Oil Co - #5 Santa Fe l650'FSL 26 20N 27E 1180 1961 Tertiary P&A l650'FWL

Crest Oil Co - li6 Santa Fe 1000'FNL 35 20N 27E 1961 5798' Tertiary Location 1000'FEL •

Crest Oil Co - 1f7 Santa Fe l650'FSL 31 20N 27E 1961 Chinle Location 1980' FWL Armour Properties-Paulsell #1 Center 13 19N 25E 1961 5697'KB Chinle Location Eastern Petroleum Co - #6 Santa Fe 2599'FWL 25 20N 28E 1961 Tertiary Location 2640'FNL

NAVAJO COUNTY - Exploratory Wells

Name of Well Location Sec. - T - R TD Date Elev. Surface Bottom Status Info On Hand

Holbrook Oil IiI NENE 23 15N 18E 3775 1924 6020' Coconino Martin P&A DL,SL 2380' -3023' (deepened (Sf A Jerome-Navajo Drlg Co) from 2400' by Jerome Navajo Drlg Co.

Adamana Oil Co #1 NWNE 4 14N 20E 3387 1924 5820' Moenkopi Redwall P&A DL with notes, SL

Great Basin Oil - Taylor-Fuller #1 NWNWNW 21 17N 20E 4675 1927 5270' Coconino Granite P&A DL, SL

Black Canyon Oil Co #1 NENENE 20 16N 17E 510 1927 5700' Coconino Coconino P&A DL, SL with notes

Hopi Oil Co lFl NWNE 21 15N 19E 2420 1927 Coconino Redwall P&A SL, OL

Petrified Forest Well NWSE 16N 23E 1023 1934 5547' Chinle Coconino Water Well

Union-Continental-Aztec #1 NENENE 19 15N 18E 3850 1934 6112' Coconino Martin P&A SA with notes Ctgs

Union -Con tinental- SWNE 34 l5N 19E 3609 1944 6034' Coconino Granite P&A SA with notes Ctgs New Mexico Arizona Land Co #1

General Petroleum-Greager #14-6 SWNW 6 19N 23E 3432 1949 5710' Chinle Granite P&A DL, EL, SA, Ctgs

Kellogg-Weast Aztec #1 NWSE 33 14N 20E 3724 1949 5990' Moenkopi Granite P&A SA,CA,Ctgs & Cores ;t (Sf A Lockhart-Aztec #1) • Texas Co-Nauajo Tribal A SWSE 34 42N 18E 4523 1953 6662' Shinarup Elbert P&A DL,EL,ML,RL, Engr. L, Ctgs

T.C. Eisele-McCauley #1 NWSW 16N 16E 4260 1954 5535' Kaibab P&A EL, Ctgs 93 Hager-Mills-Landrum Santa Fe #1 NWSW 19N 22E 1182 1955 5670' Chinle Coconino P&A DL, Ctgs

Phil D. Lynch-Aztec #1 SWSW 3 13N 20E 3140 1956 5956' Kaibab Supai P&A LL, Part Ctgs C 0 CHI SEC ~ U

LEGAL DESCRllTlON TOTAL COI~PLETION ELEVATION GEOLOGIC FOR!~ATION IUI~E AND WELL HUl4BER STATUS INFORMATION ON HAND LOCATION SECTION T R DEPTH DATE FT. SURrACE BOTTOM STATE OF ARIZONA NI SW SW SE 16 ,- 14S - 3 I E 2000 1923 3675 ALLUV. CEMENTED WATER WELL DL. SL. w/NOTES IslA SAN SIMON STATE HI) SAND. CLAY. GRAVEL WILCOX OIL /I: GAS NI SE SE 9-14S-25E 2360 1925 4175 ALLUV. RED SANDa GRAVEL I' /I: A DL

BOWIE OIL SYNDICATE STATE HI SE SE NW 16 - 13S -28E 4110 1925 3700 ALLUV. I' II: A DL. SL TO 3852'3.RANDOM CTGS.

CARR NI NE NE 26 -14S -31E 865 1927 ALLUV. I' /I: A SOUTHERN PACIFIC RR 6 - 14S -25E 650 1928 4075 ALLUV QUATERNARY-CONG WATER WELL

MCCALL STATE HI NW NW 36-16S-24E 1510 1928 4250 ALLUV LIME II: SHALE I' a A SUML GERONIMO OIL-CLARK-HOLLIDAY HI NE NE NE 6 - 14S - 25E 428 1930 4100 ALLUV SAND I' a A DL. w/NOTES GERONIMO OIL-BRUNNING HI SE NE NE 6 -I4S - 25E 770 1931 4100 ALLUV QUATERNARY-CONG I' /I: A DL. SL

CENTURY PETR-COLGLAZIER HI NW NE 17-I7S-19E 1550 1931 4250 ALLUV BL.SHALE I' II: A DL 4 BENEDRUM TREES-ARZBERGER HI SE 19 -I5S-26E 3298 1931 4250 ALLUV SHALE II: GRAVEL I' a A SL. DL RED LIME RYAN. ET AL HI SE NW 34 - 145 -30E 990 1931 4100 ALLUV LIME CONG I' a A PARL-NOTES FUNK-BENEVOLENT CORP. FEE HI SE NE 27 - 135 -30E 6668 1939 3600 ALLUV VOLCANICS I' a A DL.SL TO 6250', SA. ASSORTED CTGS ARI-TEX OIL CO. GOINS NI NW NW 4 - 24S - 23E 1005 1945 4525 ALLUV NACO? I' a A

DUNCAN. CLAYTON HI NE SE NE 29-13S-22E 1000 1945 4953 ALLUV QUATERNARY-CONG I'll: A SL. SUML

DUNCAN-CLAYTON H2 SW NW NW 29- 13S- UE 1180 1945 4890 ALLUV GRANITE WASH I' II: A SL STATE OF1o.RIZONA-WINSLOW HI 31 -I3S -31E 1190 1947 3600 ALLUV WATER WELL

FITZWATER-THAYER HI NW SW SE 31 - 13S -31E 4131 1941 3600 ALLUV VOLCANICS I! II: A CA.PART.CTGS II: CORES DR. 4 OWENS-BRUNO HI sw 27 - 23S -21E 630 1948 3g50 ALLUV ALLUV I' a A

OWENS- FOURR HI NW NW 32 - 23S - 21E 415 1948 3960 ALLUV ALLUV p a "- DR

DOUGLAS-PETR.-EVANS HI SW NW NW 24 - 225 -21E 102 1948 4275 ALLUV ALLUV I' II: A DR

WADDELL-DUNCAN-McCOMB HI SW SE 23 - 13S -24E 6865 1949 4172 ALLUV VOLCANICS I' II: A SA. CTGS., WADDELL-DUNCAN-MURRAY HI SE NW-C 5 -22S -21E 4210 1950 4225 ALLUV GRANITE I' a A SA, CTGS. WADDELL-DUNCAN-LAWSON HI SW NE 4 -I4S-25E 2102 1950 4i85 ALLUV ALLUV I' a A PARL. SA. CTGS FRANCIS BROS. PROCTOR HI SE SW 30 -I4S -24E 4605 1950 4185 ALLUV VOLCANICS I' a A SA. CTGS POMERENE WELL NI NW NW 34 - 16S-20E 1000 1951 ALLUV ALLUV I' a A DL. SA. CTGS ALLEN. ET AL- DAVIS HI SE NE 25 -21S -' 25E 5450 1953 4250 ALLUV VOLCANI CS I' a A SA. DL. CTGS

PORTAL DRILLING CO. STATE NI NE SW NE 9 16S-31E 5353 1953 4350 ALLUV VOLCANICS I' II: A DR

ARIZONA OIL a GAS DEV. STATE HI NE NE 36 14S-30E 1568 1954 3866 ALLUV BEDROCK I' II: A DL. EL. ML. CTGS. DUNCAN STATE III NE SE 33 - 13S-22E 1428 1955 4953 ALLUV ALLUV I' a A CTGS. COCHISE OIL CO-GOLDMAN NI NW NW 34 23S-21E 1000 1956 3960 ALLUV ALLUV I' a A CTGS.

DUNCAN STATE H2 SW NE SE 33 13S-22E 5307 1957 4953 ALLUV I' II: A EL. CTGS

L.A. THOM~ON HI STATE NE NE 10 _ 16S-31E 5440 1958 4310 GILA CONG,. I' /I: A El. CTGS L.A. THOMPSON H2 STATE SW NE NE 2 24S-31E 803 1959 4200 PERMIAN I' a A SOUTHWEST OIL-DAVIS-CLARK NI SW NE NE 5 21S-24E 3510 1959 4580 ALLUV MARTIN I> II! A EL DL. CTGS BOMAC OIL INC. HI FEE NE SE NW 22 - 14S-21E 440 1959 ALLUV I' a A 1880'FNL-2262'FWL

., {,

C 0 CHI SEC 0 U II T Y (C ~T. )

LEGAL DESCRIPTION TOTAL C~~IPLETION ELEVATION GEOLOGIC FIRMATIOH NAME ANO WELL NUMBER STATUS INF'CRHATI ON ON HAND L (tATION SECTI~H T R DEPTH DATE FT. SURFACE BOTTOM

RICHARD DONNELLY STATE HI 660'FSL 24 - 185- 24E 523 1960 4680 AU.UV I' a A 660'FEL RICHARD DONNELLY STATE HI-A 665'FSL 24 - 18S-24E 1193 1960 4680 M-LUV P a A CTGS 700'FEL

J.M. FRASER STATE III 2010'FSL 19 - 21s-23E 1889 1960 ALLUV I' a A GRL TO 1590'. CTGS II 20' FEL JOHN HATCHETT STATE HI 615'FWL I - 15S-23E 410 1960 ALLUV P II: A 238' FNL

LLOYD DUNCAN ST1o.TE H3 830'FSL 33 - 13S.22E 2300 1960 4953 ALLUV I' II; A CONVERTED TO WATER WELL 12/3/60 664'FEL

C 0 CO" I N 0 C 0 U N T Y

NAHE AND WELL HUI~BER L teATION SECTION T R TO DATE ELEV. SURFACE BOTTOM STATUS IPiFO ON HAND

ARIZONA SUNSHINE III SE NW SW 13 20N-I2~ 1470 1920 KAIBAB SUPAI WATER WELL FLAGSTAFF CITY HI 16 - 21N_1E 813 1932 6944 VOLCANICS COCONINO WATER WELL FLAGSTAFF CITY 112 26 22N- 6E 1021 1938 1335 VOLCANICS COCONINO WATER WELL BABBITT CO-AIRPORT III 13 - 20N-IIE 950 1940 KAI8AB COCONINO WATER WELL W. H. SWITZER III 19 20N- 13E 640 1945 KAI BAB COCONINO WATER WELL SMITH 29 27N_ IE 1818 KAIBAB WATER WELL

BURRELL-COLLINS 113 SW SE 22 - 34N_ BE 3244 1941 5795 KAIBAB TAP EATS SS I' 8< A SUML (NATOINE-NAVAJO III-xl

BARRON. STEEL 111 SW SW 15 - 21N-9E 2165 1948 5200 KAIBAB SUPAI I' 8< A DL, SA. CTGS TO 1880' RICHARDSON RANCH III 29N- 6E 1200 1948 KAIBAB WATER WELL NO NAME 5 21N- IW 2a14 VOLCANICS GRANITE WATER WELL 34M- COLLINS-COBB III SE SE 23 _ 8E 3432 1949 5195 KAIBAB PRE CAMBRIAN I' II: A SA. CTGS 560.1370_3430' IslA BURRELL.COLLINS III)

LOCKHART-BABBITT III NE NE 21 21N-9E 3624 1949 5210 KAIBAB TAP EATS I' II: A PARL. CTGS NAVAJO ORDANCE DE ~T Itl NW SW SW II _ 21N-6E 1654 1950 1050 VOLCANICS SUPAI WATER WELL SINCLAIR OIL.NAVAJO TRIBAL NI NE NE 28 37N- 14E 1211 1952 6609 CARMEL TAP EATS I' 8< A DL. E~ ML, RL. ENGRL. SA.CTGS­ CORES 35 _ 28N_ lW SINCLAIR OIL-SANTA FE PACIFIC Itl SW NE 3544 1952 6005 KAIBAB DEVONIAN I' 8< A EL. DL. SA. CTGS FLAGSTAFF ASSOCIATION-KELLUM NI sW SW 3 22N- 10E 2265 1953 5550 VOLCANICS REDWALL P 8< A PARL. SA. CTGS RAY TERRY OIL CO III GOV. NE NE 34 - 2SN-8W 1948 1958 5276 GL SUPAI I' 8< A DL. CTGS WESTERN OIL a MINERAL~t:fEDERAL Itl SE SE NW 24 - 19N- 10E 3010 1959 6280 OF MOENKOPI TEMPORARILY ABANDONED

MONSANTO CHEMICAL CO-III CABIN WASH SW NE 30 14N_14E 3805 1959 6854 GL KAIBAB CAMBRIAN I' II; A CTGS. EL. GRL G R A HAM C 0 U H T Y

NAME AND WELL NUMBER STATUS INFO ON HAND LOCATIOH SECTION T R TD DATE ELEV, SURFACE BOTTOM A.C. ALEXANDER ~I NE SE 17 5S.24E 1400 1906 2730 ALLUV. P & A SOUTHERN PACIFIC RR NW NW 17 • 7S.26E 1820 1907 2940 ALLUV CLAY WATER WELL DL 4 SAFFORD CI TY ~I SW 8 7S·263 1830 1907 ALLUV WATER WELL I. HOWLE *1 28 115· 28E 1100 1912 AIl.LUV P 8: A IDLE OIL·HEALY ~I SE NW 6 • 8S.26E 1800 1913 292q ALLUV P & A U.S. OIL CO. ~I NW NE 35 IOS.28E 900 1917 GILA CONG P & A R. S. KNOWLES *1 NW NW 19 4S.23E 810 1919 ALLUV GILA CONGo WATER WELL U.S. OIL REFINING CO. ~I 20 IOS.30E 700 1920 ALLUV P & A J. C. CL.A:RK ~I SE SE 32 • IOS·28E 1000 1926 GILA CONG WATER WELL WHITLOCK OIL CO. STATE ~I NE NE 36 IOS.28E 1925 1927 GILA CONG SS CONG P & A DL SEELY SE 4 "S· 29E 650 1927 GILA CONG WATER WELL S. L. MARTIN ~I NE NE 35 liS· 29E 680 1927 GILA CONG WATER WELL S. L. MARTIN ~3 SW NW 27 tlS.29E 750 1927 GILA CONG WATER WELL S. L. MARTIN *2 SE SE 27 IIS·29E 800 1928 GILA CONG WATER WELL S. L. MARTIN ~4 NW SW 27 IIS.29E 815 1928 GI LA C(flG WATER WELL S. L. MARTIN·MARTIN ~I NE4 14 I IS· 29E 676 3400 GILA CONG WATER WELL HOWARD NW4 26 IIS.29E 800 GILA CONG WATER WELL ASHURST OIL CO. ~I NE NE 30 5S·24E 1247 1928 2730 ALLUV BR. SHALE P & A DL BEAR SPRINGS OIL.FINN.REED ~I SW NE 28 IIS·28E 670 1928 3550 BL CLAY BR. SHALE P 8: A DL UNDERWRITERS SYNDICATE.MACK ~I NW NE 13 6S.24E 3767 1928 2815 ALLUV RED SS P 8: A DL. SL TO 31 08 • BEAR SPRINGS OIL· ALLEN ~I SE SE 25 • lOS· 28E 1555 1929 3350 ALLUV BR. SAND P & A DL (S/A PINAL OIL col

WHITLOCK OIL CO.·PENROD ~I SW NE 20 IOS.29E 521 1930 3475 ALLUV GILA CONG P 8: A DL HOOKER ET AL ~I NE SW 6 IIS.23E 1985 1930 4400 ALLUV BR. SAND P 8: A DL GILA OIL SYNDICATE ~I SW NE 30 SS.24E 2645 1931 2730 ALLUV BL. SHALE P & A DL NO NAME SW SW 6 as·26E 1700 1932 ALLUV WATER WELL WAGGONER. EUREKA RANCH ~3 14 • 9S.21E 1501 1948 ALLUV WATER WELL

MAR I C I) P A CUUMTY

nAME AND WELL NUMBER STATUS LtCATION SECTIOH T R TO DATE ELEV, SURFACE BOTTOl4 INF~ 0" HAMD TUTWEIL'ER·CAMELBACK ~I NE NW 30 2N.4E 2818 1907 1215 ALLUV CLAY & SS P & A DL. SL TANNEHILL· BEARDSLEY ~I SE NE 25 4N·2W 3350 1923 ALLUV SHALE·SS·Ls P & A DL. SL AMERICAN UNION PET. CO. ~I NW SW 5 IN.4E 6GO 1931 1210 ALLUV SH & DOLOMITE P & A NEWCOM· LANGLEY ~I SE SW 30 2N.4E 1050 1938 1190 ALLUV ALLUV P & A SA. CTGS 740'.920' REAVES OIL CO· FUQUA ~I NE NW 34 IN·4W 4117 1939 ALLUV GRANITE WASH P /I: A SUML TO 3515'. SA. CTGS FROM 1735'·3845'

•(';:;:;;';;> •,~ •

HARICOPA C 0 U N T Y (CONT,)

NAME MID WELL !WIIBER STATUS I MFO Oil HAMD LOCATION SECTION T R TO DATE ELEV SURFACE BOTT 0>1

REAVES·KING ~I SE SW 33 IN.4W 1780 1940 ALLUV P & A ISABEL·HARTNER CO. 16 IN.IE 957 1940 ALLUV QUA TERNARY. CON G WATER WELL CENTRAL ARIZONA L. & P. CO. 9 IN.2E 1942 1942 1200 ALLUV QUATERNARY·CONG WATER WELL ROOSEVELT IRRIGATION DISTRICT 8 2N.IE 1000 1943 1200 ALLUV QUATERNARY.CONG WATER WELL

PEOPLES G~S /I: OIL·GARDINER ~I SW SE 2 IN.3E 3550 1945 1200 ALLUV SILICA P 8: A DL. SL ROBERTSON OIL CO·WHITTMAN *1 NE NE 33 5N.3W 4365 1946 1625 ALLUV VOLCANICS P & A E.R. SPEAR 24 • 3N.2E 1040 1946 ALLUV GRANITE WATER WELL 2 DIXIE OIL CO .• STATE *1 C.W 34 • IN·5W 3505 1947 GILA VOLCANICS P /I: A GRANITE REEF FARMS 33 • 2N.6E 652 1948 ALLUV GRANITE WATER WELL BOSWELL COTTON CO. 8 • 3N.IE 760 1948 ALLUV GILA WATER WELL SALT RIVER WATER USERS 21 • 3N.2E 1000 1948 ALLUV GILA WATER WELL ROBERTSON OIL CO.' WITTMAN #2 NE NW 33 . 5N.3W 4975 1948 1620 ALLUV VOLCANICS P /I: A SUML

GLENN OIL CO· STATE ~I NE NW 2 . 3N·4E 4159 1948 1644 ALLUV SCHIST P & A DL. EL. CTGS B. S. SMITH II • 4N.2E 1201 1948 ALLUV WATER WELL BELLUZZI II IN.2W 1004 1948 ALLUV GILA WATER WELL R.E. WILSON 34 ,IN.6W 1413 1948 ALLUV GILA WATER WELL ROOSEVELT WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT 23 IN.6E 910 1949 1250 ALLUV GILA WATER WELL ROOSEVELT IRRIGATION DISTRICT SE NE NE 35 IN.4W 1810 1949 880 ALLUV GILA WATER WELL GOODYEAIf FARMS 6 • 2N.IW 1010 1950 ALLUV GILA WATER WELL BAND M FARMS 17 • 3N·IW 1468 1950 ALLUV GILA WATER WELL GLENN OIL CO.·STATE *2 SW SW a 4N.4E 4520 1950 1750 ALLUV RED CLAY, P /I: A WHITE SAND CAMPBELL·PIERCE ~I NW NW t3 4N.2E 1585 1950 2095 ALLUV ALLUV P & A SA. CTGS BIERY STATE III SW SE SW a 4N· 4E 5396 1951 1720 ALLUV P e. A EL. SA. CTGS GOODYEAR FARMS NE NW 19 2N.IW 2240 1951 ALLUV GRAVELLY SAND P & A WATER WELL SA. CTGS LANDRUM· GABRI ELSON· SALYER III SW NE 7 SN.4E 1040 1953 1825 ALLUV MET AMORPH I CS P & A CTGS e. CORES LANDRUM.GABRIELSON STATE *'4.' NE NW 14 5N.3E 1146 1953 1630 ALLUV SCHIST P & A CTGS /I: CORES G.C. WUCHERER. ET AL NW SW 19 5N.2W 500 ALLUV P e. A ,. 4 PHOENIX OIL EXPLORATION CO. NW 13 5N·3W 604 ALLUV P e. A PHOENIX OIL EXPLORATION CO. NE NE 14 5N·3W 500 ALLUV P /I: A

SAN T A C R U! C 0 U H T Y

4 NOGALES OIL /I: GAS ~I SW 6 21S·18E 1115 1921 4925 ALLUV SHALE P & A DL JONES ET AL. LARIMORE 111 NW SE 9 20S·16E 3394 1943 ALLUV SHALE P /I: A DL. EL M 0 H A V E C 0 U H T Y

NAME AND WELL HUHBER STATUS I"FOR OM HAHD LOCATION SECTION T R TO DATE ELEV SURFACE BOTTOM ARIZONA-UTAH CONSTRUCTION OIL CO SW SW 31 _ 42N_8W 936 1909 MOENKOPI P 8: A STATE "I

VIRGIN OIL CO ., SW SE 29 - 41N_15W 2600 1918 1960 ALLUV P a A (S/A VIRGIN OIL 8: MINES "4)

VIRGIN OIL CO "2 32 - 41N_15W 1918 ALLUV P 8: A SANTA FE RR - PEACH SPRINGS 2S 25N-I1W 1040 1924 CAMBRIAN GRANITE WATER WELL

VIRGIN OIL 8: MINES '" 32 42N·15W 1405 1931 ALLUV P 8: A VIRGIN OIL 8: MINES #6 32 42N-15W 545 1931 ALLUV P 8: A CANE BED 16 - 41N-6W 542 1931 CHINLE WATER WELL ANTELOPE PETR. CO (MORRIS #1) NE NW 18 - 41N_8W 1522 1932 MOENKOPI KAIBAB P 8: A EL PASO NATURAL GAS CO 11 ISN - 20'" 880 1950 ALLUV WATER WELL SNYDER 22 35N-IOW 1160 KAIBAB WATER WELL FALCON-SEABOARD-VALEN-ANTELOPE NW NE 28 - 40N-8W 3753 1956 4800 MOENKOPI QUARTSITE P 8: A GRL. CTGS FED '" PAUL POTEET-TONY LYONS FED '" SW NW 14 - 39N·6W 2303 1957 5000 SHIIN.CONG COCONINO P 8: A DL. CTGS T. W. GEORGE FED ., NW SW 12 40N-6W 2202 1957 5280 CHINLE KAI BAB P a A DL. CTGS TONY LYONS-C.C.HARRISON '" FED NE SW SW 35 39N-6W 1820 1958 5120 MOENKOPI KAI BAB P 8: A DL. CTGS WESTERN DRLG.-VALEN OIL CORP NW SE 31 - 38N-5W 4666 1958 5050 MOENKOPI CAMBRIAN P 8: A DL, SL. CTGS FED '" ROGER FIELDS "'_X GOVERNMENT SW SW 17 _ 38N-7W 1159 1959 4980 MOENKOPI COCONINO P a A CTGS ROGER FIELDS "2-U.S. 2310'FSL 17 38N-7W 30 1960 4980 MOENKOPI MOENKOPI P 8: A 660'FWL

TENNESSEE GAS TRANSMISSION CO SE SW 35 - 39N-13W 4015 1960 5404 GL MOENKOPI REDWALL P 8: A CTGS. EL. GRL. DL ., ART SCHREIBER

PIMA COUNTY

ARIZONA OIL EXPLORATION - BOYCE '" SE SW 22 • 19S.7E 2991 1942 4450 ALLUV VOLCANICS P & A SUML. EL. CA. RANDOM CORES (S/A HUMMEL RANCH WELL)

ELOY DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION NE SW 6 - 12S.IIE 4950 1949 1975 ALLUV RED CLAY P & A DL. SAL. CTGS STATE '" ANDERSON EMPIRE "2 NW NE 22 19S- 17E 1350 1951 4500 ALLUV VOLCANICS P & A CIENEGA BASIN OIL 8: GAS STATE '" NE SW 33 18S-18E 560 1952 4800 CRETACEOUS CRET. P & A SA. PAR CTGS M.T. BERRY MINERAL DEV.PROJECT NE SE 27 tlS·IOE 3212 1953 1920 ALLUV VOLCANICS P & A DL. CTGS FED '"

TED JONES-JUANITA NW NW 34 _ 18S-18E 2656 1956 4860 CRET. CRET. P & A CTGS

~

•~",.:~ ~; .' PI" A L C 0 U N T Y

NAHE AMO WELL NUMBER STATUS !IIFO ON HAHD LOCATION SECTION T R TD DATE ELE V SURFACE BOTTOIl HACKBERRY WELL s2 8 5S-14E 700 1905 P & A 4 SAN PEDRO OIL CO-SMITH '" NW 33 - 85-17E 1485 1930 AlLUV LAKEBEDS P & A DL HATCHETT. ET AL-MCFARlAND '" NE NE NW 22 - 7S-8E 1260 1945 1500 ALLUV ALLUV P 8: A DL CASA GRANDE DEV.-LAVEEN '" SE SE SE 25 - 6S-7E 4742 1945 1474 ALLUV GRANITE P a A DL 4 SCHOENHEIT-MOORHOUSE '" 52 SW 25 4S-9E 415 1945 1462 ALLUV ALLUV P 8: A DR. CREED CHERRY SE SE NW 12 - 8S-7E 2700 1948 1685 ALLUV WATER WELL

SANTA MARIA EXPLORATION '" SE SW SE 25 - 8S-16E 2145 1948 2909 ALLUV VOLCANICS '1'& A SA. CTGS EAST LANTRON STATE "I SE SE 32 2S-IOE 1020 1949 ALLUV VOLCANICS P 8: A NOTES. SA. CTGS 795'-1007' ROBISON. ET AL. HARBOR "I C-NE NW 36 4S-3W 3642 1950 1195 ALLUV GRANITE P 8: A SA. CTGS ARIZONA PUBLIC SERVICE CO. SW NW NE IS 10S-IOE 1950 1952 ALLUV ALLUV WATER WELL SA. CTGS ROBISON-MASON.NICKOLS STATE "I C·SE SE 17 IS·8E 2836 1952 1535 ALLUV GRANITE P 8: A DL. EL. CTGS ARIZONA PUBLIC SERVICE CO SE SE NE IS 10S-IOE 2240 1953 ALLUV BEDROCK WATER WELL SA, CTGS WESTERN OIL FIELDS INC. FED '" C-SW SW 31 5S-IOE 5142 1955 1625 ALLUV DIORITE,VOLCANIC P a A DL. ENGRL. CTGS BRECCIA

YAVAPAI C 0 U N T Y

NAME AND WELL NUMBER STATUS INFO 01 HAND LOCATION SECTION T R TO DATE El£V SURFACE BOTTOtl

ANTHONY OIL DISCOVERY '" NE SE SE 27 - 18N·2W 2003 1905 4487 ALLUV SHALE P a A DL. SL (S/A HESLET WELL)

ARIZONA·VERDE OIL CO '" NW NW 14 - 13N-5E 1625 1913 ALLUV IG. ROCKS P a A SUML ARIZONA-VERDE OIL CO "2 NW NW 9 13N- 5E 1225 1913 ALLUV I G. ROCKS p a A SUML

CHINO VALLEY OIL a MINING '" 5E SE SE 27 18N-2W 1800 1913 ALLUV P 8: A SANTA FE RR 17 24N.8W 1785 1924 REDWALL GRANITE WATER WELL SELIGMAN 36 23N-6W 1455 VOLCANIC REDWALL WATER WELL 2 ARICOPA-PUNTENNEY '" E SW 5W 27 - 18N· 2W 460 1938 ALLUV P 8: A ARICOPA-LYONS '" NE NE NE 34 - 18N·2W 3010 1940 4500 ALLUV LIME STONE P a A DL CHINO VALLEY OIL DEVELOPMENT NE SE 20 18N-2W 2060 1940 4540 ALLUV GRANITE p a A DL. SL. CTGS STATE '" (WALTON"')

J. W. ENGLAND "3 NW NW SE 32 - 18N.2W 962 1945 4460 ALLUV P 8: A (S/A CHINO VALLEY OIL DEV."3) 4 WELLS a BOBO SE 12 16N-2W 744 1948 ALLUV VIA TER WELL COTTONWOOD OIL CO '" 560'FNL 20 - 16N.4E 1280 1960 341 2 GL ALLUV 560'FWL P 8< A SIERRA DRLG. CORP "'-CAMPBELL 250FWL 23 20N.3W 1182 1961 5558 GL SUPAI GRANITE P a A 350'FSL

SIERRA DRLG. CORP "2·CAMPBELL NE SW NW 23 - 2ON- 3W 1155 1961 3575 GL SUPAI GRANITE p a A w 8'"

z: ...'" ..J :I: W Vl EL PASO NATURAL GAS COMPANY'S within the state. Large volumes of gas also are de­ o Vl o ~ (!) co u ARIZONA SYSTEM livered through the pipelines to consumers in o o t o ..... o to ..J Nevada and California . :z: '" o '"Vl Vl Vl Robert W. Adams Thus, laced with a network of natural gas ~ (!) (!) (!) :g ..J I­ o ..J U pipelines, the State of Arizona is assured of easily ..J o ..J t t t El Paso Natural Gas Co . 0: < ..J ..J :::a 00( < ..J ..J ..J ..J ..J accessible and ample supplies of fuel for continued ... (f) (/) t/)" (/) Vl 0 0 W W o For more than three decades, El Paso Natural growth and development. Gas Company has been providing wholesale natur­ al gas service to homes and industries in Arizona. TRANSWESTERN STORY . The Company first became active in the State in June of 1931 following the completion of a 294- William B. Padon, Vice President ..J ;;l mile, 12-%-inch pipeline from El Paso to the lit Transwestern Pipeline Company < < < < < < a::: < 3,650 miles of pipelines in Arizona, reaching into would be eventually a voluminous best seller. In '"(!) every county in the state. this aspect we feel a close relationship with the o One major transmission system, consIstmg of State of Arizona. We are both young with a po­ ~ ~ <~ {5 W ..J > pipelines 24-inches, 30-inches and 34-inches m tential future that can only be fully exploited by (!) (!) ::J -< ~ C ..J ..J ::t: W ~ ~ diameter, originates in the San Juan Basin of the vigorous efforts on the part of our people. en Vl '" u u ~ northwestern New Mexico and extends across The basis for all development through history northern Arizona to Topock on the Arizona-Cali­ has been natural resources and energy. Arizona is > > > fornia border. fortunate in its abundance of natural resources. ::J ::J ::J ..J ..J ..J ..J ..J Another major transmission system, consIstmg The energy ingredient necessary for growth will < < ~ primarily of pipelines 26-inches and 30-inches in be supplied by its people in the form of intellectual diameter, originates in west Texas and stretches energy. Transwestern Pipeline Company, a sup­ ....:0- ....-' o across southern Arizona to a terminus at Ehren­ plier of another form of energy, natural gas, fully '" berg. intends to be in a position to supply this com­ These two major systems are interconnected modity in the quantities necesary for sustained in­ dustrial growth in this section of our country. 0\ by two large diameter pipelines, including a 20- It) 0\ inch, and a 30-inch, thus making possible an ex­ The Transwestern Story is one of men with tremely flexible and efficient operation. vision, for they with no assurance of the final In addition, the Company operates numerous results, were willing to work and venture the o capital and credit to bring this enterprise into to branch or lateral transmission pipelines-ranging t- '" '" in size from 1;/:4-inches to 30-inches in diameter­ being. which serve various communities and industries in Our pipeline crosses the State of Arizona for lit ... lit lit a distance of approximately 300 miles and virtual­ N N N Arizona. J, N N ly parallels Highway 66, one of the main arteries o Vl J, To keep natural gas moving through its main­ co co :z: lines, El Paso Natural operates some 15 compres­ of transportation in the state. We feel that the o t­ ~ • - ~ ~ ~ ~ M ~ sor stations in Arizona. Located at about 35-mile area our line traverses is destined to have a great o < ::!O ...en ::J intervals on the pipelines, these stations vary in industrial growth in the future. We are prepared >- z: o .... size from 1,600 horsepower to 33,000 horsepower . to serve these areas adjacent to our line where o ~ lit w lit lit w w Natural gas moving through large diameter ever it is economically feasible. o z z z Vl Vl Vl o -' "' w lit ;;: w W lines tends to lose its momentum because of fric­ Transwestern represents an investment of z z Vl z z Vl tion. The function of these stations is to boost the over $200 million in transmission facilities capable pressure of the gas so that large volumes can be of an ultimate transmission capacity in excess of transmitted to consumers. 600 million cubic feet of gas per day. At the pres­ Capacity of El Paso Natural's Arizona pIpe­ ent time these facilities are being utilized for the lines is some two billion, 713 million (2,- transmission of only 300 million cubic feet of gas 713,000,000) cubic feet per day, much of which per day to California, leaving idle a capacity of is consumed by domestic and industrial customers over 300 million cubic feet per day. Not only do

101 ...... o N

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f' • •

• GCWF(ELO c o L o R A D o I CEDAR.CITY S ~" .CAIIENTEI \ S A u T A 'K A N

ALA'-IOSA o'-IBERAL

N E v A D A -TRINIDAD ~ jl.\

""" BOOLDER AC'ff.o{ Ii d" :1 """ CITY . ~ CAL FOR N A

SEUGlllAN QFLAGSTAFF MOHAVE DESERT ~ '!/ ~ 'WCCMCARI DAWN _ ------NEEDL'ES. ~LBUOUEROUE r ~ ----­--:;-PAC/FIC UGHTING GAS SUpPLy CO. ~\·TOPOCK BELEN X C 0 CHILDRESS OUEM:OO N LOS ANGELES /SAN ..... SCOTT\ SNOWFLAKE ST E w ! ') J .. MDU~rAfNAfR .OLTON _;_ BERNARDINO JOHNS r:t A R z N A \ (-'" ·WICKENBURG 1BLYTHE ~\.f;,V LUBBOCK SALTON~SEA PIiOENlxlt { • MESA MIAMI •• GlOBE .BROY.'NfIELO _SRAWLEY ("5,' \ ~ mvER.. ~-» .SNYDER CASA ~ANDE • ;' ~~'? ,AN OI£GO .EL CENTRO MALJAMAR \ G1LJI. COOLIDGE SANTA .RITA Al AMOGO~DO ·'OBBS· -- /YUMA ,c • "EX'CAL. F------.. CARLS? C" 'MO [UN ICE ~~ .LORDSBURG .LAS CAUCUS ENSENADA .DEMING \ ~~ .meSON c,. (' "~"~ .ODESSA a BAJA SAN __ ~ELPASO CALIFORNIA ANGELO UERTO .LAS-~CIU~ JUAREZ " PENASCO ~--~ E X A s

-... ·NOGALES - BlANCA ~ ~OOOGLAS ---.J! '"). ~~~o ,".0 0-- • STATIONS CONSTRUCTED • o. "'_ •• ~, ~ o STATION SITES PLANT U GAS FIELDS ·SANTA ANA • FORT GULF DAVIS A PLANTS PUCJ(E1T • OF o DISTRICT ornCE .SANDERSON .NACOZARI • otVlSION OFFICE CALIFORNIA

SCALE

M E TRANSWESTERN PIPELINE COMPANY x c o ~. _ ..i.0 _ _ 100 Mdes ...... ~'-...... _~,.----- \"""' SYSTEM MAP DATE ~OVE"'BE~J(l.19~9 ~

(J) co (!) U) I-! a.. U ::l < .. Phoenix, Arizona, and includes intermediate de­ ~ f By 1954 consumption of petroleum products i'f: ~ ~ in the Tucson-Phoenix area of Arizona and in the livery terminals at Colton and Niland, California. Imperial Valley of California had grown to an The other connects EI Paso refineries with the ~ extent warranting pipe line transportation. Certain Tucson and Phoenix areas. The system serves all qualified shippers as a common carrier. ~ oil company refineries were located in Los Angeles, I i California, and others in the EI Paso, Texas area, ,'I.' The originating pump station on the Los most of which were interested in serving the Ari­ Angeles-to-Phoenix system is located at Watson, I~d zona market. The Southern Pacific Company man­ California, which is a point convenient to the sev- agement, believing that the company should be eral oil company refineries which it serves. A 16- an integrated transportation company able to offer inch line extends 62 miles from Watson eastward the shipping public the most efficient method of to Colton, California. At Colton, California a transportation, began to seriously consider con­ combination delivery terminal and main line pump ::Ew struction of a pipe line and in February of 1955 station is located. A 12-inch line extends 360 miles the decision was reached to construct a pipe line ::E ~ from Colton to Phoenix by way of Niland, Cali­ w w system and a separate subsidiary company was z fornia and Yuma, Arizona. A commercial delivery formed as Southern Pacific Pipe Lines, Inc., to z ~ :Jw terminal is also located at Niland, and at Yuma, w z a.. own and operate this pipe line system. Arizona the Marine Corps Auxiliary Air Station z 0::: ~ In April of 1955 the Air Force finalized its is served. A 30-mile-Iong 6-inch lateral line from :JWill '" 0 0:: _ tl (J) interest in securing pipe line deliveries at four a.. " 0 Niland to Imperial, California provides delivery a.. ~ it z ..J of its major air bases in Arizona and California. and commercial terminal facilities for the Imperial Z 0 W 0 ~ I This additional volume increased the importance Valley area. The products are pumped from Col­ j ~ N (J) l'"'t w y. ., of and the need for a pipe line in the Arizona ton to Phoenix without intermediate booster pump­ ~ ..J I ~ W area. The system was completed and put into ing. Design capacity of the Watson-to-Colton line 0 ~ (!) I.J... Z Z ." operation at the end of 1955. By so doing, the is 53,000 barrels per day on gasoline, and the 12- 0

z :> 0 -c.. « z ~ c) 0 en '-, Il. '"0 >= :; z r! ::> tJ ;'"', 0 en Il. ~ >= Il. :; -'0 l- a: "en z ii:' I- 0 z u. c!5 u. >= -' 8 0 r! en z w o ~ Il. "~ ::!1 a: ~ " ::> w "l- ll. l- Ii' 0 0 D

105 8-inch line extends 420 miles to Phoenix by way privately owned lines, supplemented by commer­ ARllONA ECONOMY - A PATTERN FOR PROGRESS of Lordsburg, New Mexico and Tucson, Arizona. cial telephones at each location. A delivery terminal located on Ajo Way in Tucson provides facilities for various commercial shippers. PIPELINING IN ARIZONA Place: State of Arizona There are four intermediate pumping stations. Be­ H. C. Price Co. Time: 1961 cause of the remote desert location of these four Pipeline construction is a major industry in Event: An economic revolution second to none in history. pump stations, they were designed to permit re­ Arizona. Nearly all of the oil and gas pipelines Since 1946, the then Baby State of the Union has led the nation in the growth of man­ mote operation from Los Angeles. The EI Paso­ from the wells to the west Coast pass through the ufacturing employment by more than twice that of the second ranking state. It leads in the Phoenix line has capacity of 36,000 barrels per State. growth of non-agricultural employment, income, agricultural income, population, life in­ day. The two main transcontinental gas lines are surance, bank deposits, and banking offices. Commercial vehicles register faster and more The terminal located at 51st and Van Buren owned by El Paso Natural Gas Company and non-ferrous minerals are mined in Arizona than in any other state. In the growth of pas­ Streets in Phoenix is the end point for both lines, Transwestern Pipeline Company. The newest of senger car registrations and retail sales~Arizona stands second. and several oil company terminals, some owned the two is the Transwestern 30-inch pipeline, by Pacific Pipe Lines and others by indi­ In 1960, Arizona's 1,302,161 citizens had an income of $2,650,000,000. According to S~uthern which was constructed in 1959 and 1960. H. C. vidual oil companies, have been established there. Census Bureau projections and population analysts, Arizona will have a population of three Price Co., who laid the Arizona Section of Trans­ Some oil companies are connected to receive pro­ million people by 1980. Yet, during this explosive growth in all economic categories, Ari­ western, also electric welded the first gas line into duct both from EI Paso as well as Los Angeles, zona has maintained sound and balanced economy. Phoenix, Arizona in 1933 for El Paso Natural Gas whereas others are restricted to deliveries from one Arizona has surpassed its wartime manufacturing employment, a feat yet to be accom­ Company. This was a lO-inch line. system or the other. plished on a national scale. Arizona's growing manufacturing economy is increasing in pro­ Because of the equitable weather conditions All the pumping units on the system are elec­ portion of workers~reversing a national trend. More than 1,200 manufacturing firms are Arizona is one of the few states in the Union where trically driven centrifugal units. The horsepower doing business in the state with an annual payroll of $215 billion with a value added by Big Inch pipelines can be constructed throughout required at a particular pump station varies with manufacturing of over $368 million. the line size and rate of flow. the year. During this upsurge in manufacturing, the old economy has continued to flourish. The actual movement of product through the The equipment for a major pipeline spread, Since 1946, the crop and livestock value of Arizona's agriculture has almost tripled. Min­ pipe line system is controlled by a Products Move­ which will lay a mile or more of Big Inch pipe ing has shown an income increase of over 350% and the tourist income is nearly five ment Department in Los Angeles. Communication per day, will total about Two Million Dollars and times greater than it was five years ago. Arizona's construction industry's 32,700 workers between all pump stations and terminals and of­ such a spread will employ about four hundred are almost triple the 1946 work force, earning more than $200 million with an estimated fices is provided by teletype and telephone over men. value of construction at more than $620 million. Has this explosion in Arizona's economy upset the economic stability of the State? Last year Arizona had a general fund surplus of $18,400,000. This yearly surplus has aver­ aged $8 million for the past five years. This is not an accumulated figure~each year this surplus must be used to reduce the amount to be raised by property taxes for the ensuing fiscal year. There is no bonded indebtedness in Arizona. The Constitution limits the accu­ mulated debt to $350,000, to be exceeded only to defend the state in time of war, rep ell an invasion or suppress insurrection. Cities and towns in Arizona may not issue general obligation bonds in excess of 4% of the taxable property in the corporate limits, except an additional 15% specifically for wa­ ter, lights and sewers. Revenue bonds are exempt from this provision of the Constitution in view of the fact that they are not obligations of the property taxpayers. As a further safeguard, the budget of the city may only increase 10% each year and the tax levy may not increase by more than 10% yearly. Cities and towns in Arizona may only levy up to a maximum of $2.75 per $100 assessed valuation for operating the city. Good fiscal housekeeping extends into a realistic tax program. Arizona has no giveaways for new industry. Instead it offers an income tax with the Federal tax fully deductible. Only one other state has a lower rate on the first bracket. Arizona industry has no inventory tax on raw materials, parts or finished products. Machinery and equipment are assessed at 50% of book value. The corporate income tax is low ~ from one to five per cent on net

Transwestern's 30-inch pipe after welding. Ready to lay In income only. During the past ten years the unemployment insurance rate has been substan­ H. C. Price Company, Contractor. tially less thaI! the national average. Arizona's sound tax program, its debt-free status, is

107 106 the result of a postiive realization by her citizens that sound business can only flourish in a sound business atmosphere. In 1960, 85.5% of the registrants voted on candidates and is­ sues that mold the business climate of the state. The Arizona Story is still more remarkable in that only 13.1 % of the land in the state is privately owned. The present Arizona economy is an idication of things to come. Copper production will continue to increase. Oil and gas and iron ore are newcomers to the Arizona economy. Non-metallics, so essential in the Missile Age, are liberally imbedded throughout the state. Arizona is converting her vast timber resources into paper and pulp. Our rich agriculture and fiber crops will be processed and manufactured into salable merchandise. The dynamic construction industry will use more of the state's resources. Tourism, Arizona's visitor indus­ try, at its present rate of growth, will have reached a one billion dollar figure by 1972. Arizona's natural market, the Southwest, is growing at a pace twice that of the entire nation. Arizona, the state, has an average growth rate of 5.5/'0 per year. The national rate is 1.70/0. The economy of Arizona~remarkably positive.

'. or ~ , •. _" -'0.;-",

"'-"~~~ 'Jl, ,.,... """"]0. ' ~#~

108 ·""\ _,,:r:~ ------BLACK MESA BASIN------~~~I~4------TYENOE SAOOLE------~~~I~.~BLANOIN6 BASIN @ ® 0 o ~~~r~~~pc':~~~~s~~· AI'llIroda- Pon American Humble 08 R Co. S~~y:j~'~~.:l~& N3.Jc~'W;3~'~~k2rtn. No. rs;p,.B.~h·,."~cl.',1.A-'~J~'.~· NORTH Apoch Co.,Adz. A

Ya/~ Point II Nor'" plunging n(J$~ of fhe O~fi(JnC(fl Arch E. BOllndaq Bul/(I 8000 An/lcl/n#

Qllkoto loIo,rl,.1I

BGIlRaful $ro., (Tn" owdO 6000

4000

2000

0- Sealevel

GENERALIZED GEOLOGIC CROSS - SECTION - 2000 NORTH - SOUTH NORTHEASTERN ARIZONA SCALE FIGURE 2 Horizontal II; = 5miles Vertical I = 2000 feet

BY: S.C.Brown a R.E.Lauth July 1 196 r

------BLACK MESA BASIN------~~~l~~------OEF,ANCE UPLIFT------o CD EAST Sinclair 011 8 Gal Co. Am.rada -PonAmericon HO.I Navajo - Co. Spring, No.1 Hovojo- Block Mtn. Structurol Ad. S.c.28-37N-14E S.c. Z6, 32"-23 E ofth. Coconino Co. Ariz. Defiane' Uplift Apache Co., Ariz. Chin/, VD"'Y $.c.28-28N-30E Apach. Co., Arl~. I BOOO

...... ,. 6000 "n .. 1t Wh,.t.

4000

2000

O-Seal.v.1

GENERALIZ ED GEOLOGIC CROSS -SECTION - 2000 EAST - WEST NORTH EASTERN ARIZONA SCALE FIGURE 3 Horizontal III :; 5miles Vertical I" = 2000 feet

BY: S.C.Brown a R.E.Louth July I 1961

&J&&Z2;;;;;;;;;;;;;; 12 = _BASIN a. RANGE ------~f4~------~------BLACK MESA BASIN- o G) o G) Grool So.in Oil Co. o Sprin anyon Union a Cont/ntntol eli ff hau .. Canyon No.1 T0110r- Full" "~~r~~~p~:~~~~sc::f.· Measurtd Section Measured Siction ~~.~.~'I •• f$~Q!'r8\Cottl. CO. Slc.2f,11N-20E Stc.6,19N-23E T9N,RI6E Nayojo Co., Aril. Noyajo Co"Ariz. ~1~oN~::',~6rIEt.. ""T C,.,,",, N."I., C'.,A.". I I I ,.., l HofbrotJi Allficlin, c ..../ ••

6000 1~======K.~"."r"Ap.O/t. I,. "'~r.( ••rl".)Hot,·"'arl~. ""pal ""'" "'" NOli-liar/II, ""'"

4000

o-s.ou.... ,

GENERALIZI

- 2000

NOli

BY: S.

o ------KAIBAB UPLIFT------~~~I~<~------______BLACK ME~ WEST Sinclol L.M. Lockhart No,1 He Grand Canyon No.1 Bobbitt S,c.21 Compolit. Measured Sictlon Sec. ZI-27N-9E Coton! Mouth of '". LlltI, Colo. River Coconino CO.,Atil. Coconino Co. Arlz~

8000 I Lilfl. C%rllli. HI.",.

6000 --e--j--\

4000 C.... I ..

2000

SIO Llvel

-2000 ------1)Ooofl+

Yoll! PtJint

North plunging II ntJ$e Df file O"fitlnce Arch Chinle WO$h E.8ollndor, Bulte 8000 Anticline

tlll.l.

o.CII,II, .. ~ 2000

" \ "'-'i -\' ~ \-~ I

0- Sealevel

- 2000

ONA FIGURE 2

July, 196 I o CD CD EAST Amlrada - PonAmerican NO.1 Novojo- Siock aUn. Structural Axi, S.c. 26, 32N-Z3E of the Apocht Co., Ariz. Cltlnl. VIIII.y O,fiant. Uplift S.c. 28-28 N-30E Apatht Co., Ariz. I 8000

4000

2000

Q-StaL'VI'

, : I ... -'_ .. - GENERALIZED - 2000

FIGURE 3

BY: S.C ,BrOwn --BASIN a RANGE ~ BLACK MESA BASI N o o G) c,,'o, 5",,6 ..,.. Greot BOein Oil Co. a,n,r&1 Pelrole .. ", Corp. c,,"~ U'IO~CO'ti",'''' No.1 Toylor- Fvller Mealured Secllon MUlured Section No.1 Aztec l.ond a Collie Co. No.14·. Cr"9'r-Sfot, T7NRI6E T9N,RI6E Sec.I9.15N-18E Sec. ZI', 17N- ZOE Noyojo Co., Ariz. SIC. 6,19N~23E I SOUTH Gila ~o.,Arh. NOYOIO Co.,Arlz. Novojo Co.,Arh:. Navajo Co., Ariz. ~ I I I I I ····l Mogollon Rim Hol6rool Anliclin. Lilli. C%rtulo Ri.,., Po/nl.d O••• rl HDjJi B"I/. Lo.,o FI./d 6000

c ...... -~~;s;~ ~ ------____~L~ •• ~.,.~~-~ _ __~."~'~.. ~ ...~.' ______... ,;>::_ NU~lhrh. 4000 _~,_~~.~':.N~~.:;~;_a~,\,-:;~.-~ ;~~~~~~~~~~,-~:~:..;~>~:~;'"~, ~~-'~'?~I';..'S:,~,-::-:~.~fl;-_f·,'~,;~.;~,_~~~;;_~ __ j',:~'-~1::-~;~'2:'::~'~~~~,-;~,~~~:~;~·,,,~, "" ,"" , "C "" <"" ,,' , " ',_ ~'" "'", '," ,'_" C " C',-,,,} ':'0' """," " " , ,,," ,,' ,~"" 2000

0':' Sea uvel

GENERALIZED GEOLOGIC -2000 NORTH - SOUTH NORTHEASTERN

Horizontal Vertical

BY: S.C.Brown a R.E. Lauth - o ----KAIBAB UPLIFT --1< BLACK MESA BASIN-----~ WEST ® @ G) Grand Canyon L.M. Lockhart Sinclair 011 a Go. Co. CompOlite Measured Section No.1 Bobbitt No.1 Navajo - CowSprlng. Mouth of the Little Colo. RIYlr Sec. 21 ~ 27 N-9E SIC. 28-37N -14E CO"TO CO. Arlz_ Coconino Co.,Arit. Coconino Co. Ariz.

8000

CQ/Drodo HI.,., Lilli. CQlo,o" Rlr.,

.000 ---i--+--l

C".d. 40OC-p .;;;\ •• ,.1

0, ... II ... ------t.n,

S.o l.evel , , ,',',

-2000 •