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Chiricahua National Monument Geologic Resources Inventory Report

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Chiricahua National Monument Geologic Resources Inventory Report National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Chiricahua National Monument Geologic Resources Inventory Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2009/081 THIS PAGE: Close up of the many rhyolitic hoodoos within the Monument ON THE COVER: Scenic vista in Chiricahua NM NPS Photos by: Ron Kerbo Chiricahua National Monument Geologic Resources Inventory Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2009/081 Geologic Resources Division Natural Resource Program Center P.O. Box 25287 Denver, Colorado 80225 June 2009 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Denver, Colorado The Natural Resource Publication series addresses natural resource topics that are of interest and applicability to a broad readership in the National Park Service and to others in the management of natural resources, including the scientific community, the public, and the NPS conservation and environmental constituencies. Manuscripts are peer-reviewed to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and is designed and published in a professional manner. Natural Resource Reports are the designated medium for disseminating high priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. Examples of the diverse array of reports published in this series include vital signs monitoring plans; "how to" resource management papers; proceedings of resource management workshops or conferences; annual reports of resource programs or divisions of the Natural Resource Program Center; resource action plans; fact sheets; and regularly-published newsletters. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations and data in this report are solely those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the National Park Service. Printed copies of reports in these series may be produced in a limited quantity and they are only available as long as the supply lasts. This report is also available online from the Geologic Resources Inventory website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/geology/inventory/ gre_publications.cfm) and the Natural Resource Publication Management website (http:// www.nature.nps.gov/publications/NRPM/index.cfm) or by sending a request to the address on the back cover. Please cite this publication as: Graham, J. 2009. Chiricahua National Monument Geologic Resources Inventory Report. Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2009/081. National Park Service, Denver, Colorado. NPS D-94, June 2009 ii Contents Figures .......................................................................................................................... iv Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 2 Purpose of the Geologic Resources Inventory ........................................................................................................... 2 Regional and Geologic Setting ................................................................................................................................... 2 Park History ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Geologic Issues ............................................................................................................. 6 Flooding ...................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Mass Wasting and Hoodoo Stability ........................................................................................................................... 6 Information for Interpretation ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Other Issues ............................................................................................................................................................... 7 Geologic Features and Processes ............................................................................. 11 Features Related to Differential Weathering and Erosion ......................................................................................... 11 Volcanic Features Related to the Turkey Creek Caldera .......................................................................................... 13 Features that Predate the Turkey Creek Caldera ..................................................................................................... 14 Structural Features ................................................................................................................................................... 15 Map Unit Properties .................................................................................................... 18 Map Unit Properties Table ........................................................................................................................................ 19 Geologic History.......................................................................................................... 23 Paleozoic History ...................................................................................................................................................... 23 Mesozoic History ...................................................................................................................................................... 24 Cenozoic History ...................................................................................................................................................... 24 Glossary ....................................................................................................................... 31 References ................................................................................................................... 35 Appendix A: Geologic Map Graphic .......................................................................... 37 Appendix B: Scoping Summary ................................................................................. 39 Attachment 1: Geologic Resources Inventory Products CD CHIR Geologic Resource Inventory Report iii Figures Figure 1. Pinnacles, columns, and balanced rocks in the Rhyolite Canyon Tuff in Chiricahua NM ................................ 3 Figure 2. Location map for Chiricahua National Monument ........................................................................................... 4 Figure 3. General stratigraphic column for Chiricahua National Monument ................................................................... 5 Figure 4. The Visitor Center at Chiricahua National Monument ..................................................................................... 8 Figure 5. Surge deposits and welded tuff deposits ......................................................................................................... 9 Figure 6. Landslide potential ........................................................................................................................................ 10 Figure 7. Surge beds, fumarole pipe, and Liesegang bands ........................................................................................ 16 Figure 8. A fumarole pipe preserved in the Rhyolite Canyon Tuff, Sugarloaf Mountain Trail ....................................... 17 Figure 9. Geologic Timescale....................................................................................................................................... 26 Figure 10. Early Permian paleogeographic map of the southwestern United States .................................................... 27 Figure 11. Early Cretaceous paleogeographic map of the southwestern United States ............................................... 28 Figure 12. Late Cretaceous paleogeographic map of North America ........................................................................... 29 Figure 13. Oligocene paleogeographic map of the southwestern United States .......................................................... 30 iv NPS Geologic Resources Division Executive Summary This report accompanies the digital geologic map for Chiricahua National Monument in Arizona, which the Geologic Resources Division produced in collaboration with its partners. It contains information relevant to resource management and scientific research. This document incorporates preexisting geologic information and does not include new data or additional fieldwork. The geologic features preserved in Chiricahua National that better explain the whole geologic story at Chiricahua Monument are spectacular examples of physical and National Monument. The interpretive displays at chemical weathering processes. The Monument was Sugarloaf Mountain, for example, could be revised to established in 1924 to protect its distinctive pinnacles, more accurately explain
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