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Turkey Track" Porphyry, Southeastern Arizona

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Turkey Track Trace element investigation of the "Turkey Track" porphyry, southeastern Arizona Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Mielke, James E. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 26/09/2021 12:59:46 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551813 TRACE ELEMENT INVESTIGATION OF THE "TURKEY TRACK" PORPHYRY, SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA by James Edward Mlelke A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1965 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfill­ ment of requirements for an advanced degree at the Univer­ sity of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowl­ edgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the inter­ ests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: >rv>< Pau1 E . Damon Professor of Geology Acknowledgments This work was conducted under the direction and guidance of Dr. P. E. Damon and was financed in part by A.E.C. contract AT (11-1) - 689. I wish to express my gratitude to Dr. Damon for his many helpful suggestions and advice throughout. In addition I wish to thank Mr. / Robert O'Hare of the Arizona Bureau of Mines who permitted the investigator to use the emission spectrograph and facilities of the Bureau of Mines, and who made many helpful suggestions concerning the emission spectrographlc work. Mr. Robert Palmer, research technician of the geochemistry laboratories contributed greatly in maintaining and repairing the electronic equipment, and I am grateful for his instruction in this area. I also wish to express my appreciation to Mr. Richard Bennett who ran the flame photometer and offered many helpful suggestions in this work. The members of the geochemistry laboratories contributed greatly with timely suggestions and helpful criticisms of this investigation. ill Table of Contents Page List of Illustrations . vi List of Tables ......................................vii A b s t r a c t ....................................... viii Chapter I - Introduction 1 1.1 Purpose of the Investigation............ 1 1 .2 Location of the Area of Investigation . 2 1.3 Past Investigations ..................... 5 1.4 Present Investigation .................. 7 Chapter II - Porphyry Occurrences Investigated . 3 in this S t u d y ............... ... 2.1 Sample Locations and Petrology .... Q Sawtooth Mountains .................. 8 Desert Museum ............... 9 Sentinel Peak ..................... 10 Tumamoc Hill ..................... 11 Black M o u n t a i n ..................... 11 San Xavier M i s s i o n .................. 12 Pima District ..................... 13 Saguaro National Monument ............ 14 Clenega G a p ........................ 15 Mine t a Ridge ..................... 16 Dos Cabezas Mountains ...... 18 iv V Page Fisher Hills ..................... 19 Chapter III - Radiometric Analyses ............ 20 3.1 Alpha C o u n t i n g .................. ... 20 3.2 Beta Counting ............... 24 3 .3 Gamma C o u n t i n g ............................ 35 Chapter IV - Nonradiometric Chemical Analyses . 60 4.1 Fluorlmetrlc Analyses .................. 60 4.2 Flame Photometry ........................ 6 l 4.3 Emission Spectroscopy .................. 6 l Chapter V - C o n c l u s i o n s ............................ 77 Appendix A - Data on Rock Standards used 82 In this Investigation ........................ Appendix B - Equations for the Determination 83 of U, T h , and K In Common Rocks by Gamma Scintillation Counting ........................ Selected Bibliography ........................... 88 List of Illustrations Figure Page 1 Location of Area Under Study ............ 3 2 Index Map of "Turkey Track" and Related 4 Porphyries .... ............... 3 Alphas/hour versus alphas/mg hour . 25 4 Alphas/mg hour versus % K (beta counting) 28 5 Alphas/mg hour versus % K for "Turkey Track” Localities ..................... 32 6 Uranium and Thorium Series Spectra . 36 7 Gamma Scintillation Spectrometer Drift versus T i m e .................. 39 8 Determination of Optimum Channel Width. 40 9 Uranium Expected versus Uranium Determined by Gamma Counting .... 42 10 Thorium Expected versus Thorium Determined by Gamma Counting .... 43 ! 11 Potassium Expected versus Potassium Determined by Gamma Counting .... 44 12 Th/U Expected versus Th/U Determined by Gamma Counting.................. 45 13 Typical Working Curve for Cobalt in Silicate Rocks ........................ 69 14 Potassium Content versus Cobalt plus Nickel Content ........................ 72 15 Potassium Content versus Scandium . 73 16 Potassium Content versus Cesium .... ?4 17 Cesium Content versus Chromium .... 75 vl List of Tables Table Page 1 Comparison of Chemical Analyses of Rock Types with the "Turkey Track" 6 2 Alpha and Beta Counting Data 21 3 Radiometric Variations Within a Single Locality ..................... 34 4 Comparisons of Uranium Determinations 48 5 Comparisons of Thorium Determinations 51 6 Comparisons of Potassium Determinations 54 7 Comparisons of Th/U Ratios 57 8 Emission Spectrographic Analyses 63 9 Comparison of Trace Element Content of the "Turkey Track" with W-l and G-l . 76 vii Abstract A rock unit of unusual composition, the "Turkey Track" porphyry, occurs In several localities over a wide spread although limited area In southern Arizona. The "Turkey Track" has been proposed as a correlative guide; however. It has been questioned whether all "Turkey Track" localities represent one rock unit. The "Turkey Track" dould be a useful correlation guide If It could be established that all "Turkey Track" localities represent one rock unit, formed during a short Interval of time. This Investigation attempts to demonstrate by uniformity In trace element content coupled with similarities In chemical and mlneraloglcal composition that the "Turkey Track" localities probably do have a common parent and were erupted or Intruded penecontemporaneously. Concurrent K-Ar age dating Indicates apparent ages of around 28 million years among various "Turkey Track" localities. Samples were collected from "Turkey Track" localities and subjected to alpha, beta, and gamma counting, flame photometry, fluorlmetry, emission spectroscopy, and petro­ graphic analysis. Plots of <tf/mg hr versus for several volcanic porphyries show a definite grouping of "Turkey Track" samples. Uranium analysis by gamma counting agreed quite well with fluorlmetrlc uranium determinations, Indicating the value of the gamma method. Use of larger samples and a vlil lx larger "well" scintillation crystal would greatly improve the precision. Emission spectroscopy showed little variation in trace element content among "Turkey Track" samples. In addition the "Turkey Track" appeared higher In Cs, Na, and K than normal rocks of similar Si and Al content. All "Turkey Track" samples have similar petrographic character­ istics. Most distinctive are the large unzoned plagloclase laths, and commonly two pyroxenes in an aphanltlc groundmass. Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Purpose of the Investigation A volcanic rock unit known as the "Turkey Track" porphyry has been proposed as a correlation guide over a large area in southeastern Arizona. According to Cooper (1961) the "Turkey Track" is characterized petrographlcally by large weakly zoned plagioclase laths and commonly two pyroxenes in a gray to reddish-brown, fine-grained to glassy groundmass. Whether or not all volcanic rocks having these characteristics are cogenet1c is open to question. Porphy- ritlc andesites with different characteristics have been correlated with the "Turkey Track". The "Turkey Track" is an easily recognizable unit and could be used as a correla­ tion guide if it were well defined, and if all such well defined "Turkey Track" porphyries in southern Arizona were contemporaneous. Consequently, a more complete chemical and petrographic definition of the unit is desired. Previous geochemical investigations of volcanic rocks in southern Arizona have shown that radiometric analyses may be useful in distinguishing a particular rock unit. One rock unit, the "Turkey Track" porphyry, shows a characteristic grouping of points when plotted as cC activity versus 1 2 yS activity. A distinctive radiometric criterion such as this is particularly useful as it is relatively easy to subject questionable samples to oL , and y counting techniques. One purpose of the following work is to determine whether the concept is valid that similar volcanic porphyries are correlative and oogenetic over a great distance - 100 miles or more. The validity of this concept will be established for the "Turkey Track" porphyry by numerous chemical and petrographic
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