Islamic Content on Malaysian TV: a Case Study of TV Al Hijrah
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
MIMBAR, Vol. 33, No. 2nd (December, 2017), pp. 445-452 Islamic Content On Malaysian TV: A Case study of TV Al Hijrah 1JULIANA ABDUL WAHAB, 2ZATIL HIDAYAH ABDULLAH 12School of Communication, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia Email: [email protected] ; [email protected] Abstract.Religion and media are converging and frequently becoming a subject matter for news content and popular entertainment programmes in television and film, publishing, music as well as the new media. Religion, arguably has become part and parcel of the media environment today. In Malaysian context, during the millennium era, many locally produced ‘Islamic programmes’ started to gain popularity among Malaysian audience especially within the entertainment genre such as television drama. With the establishment of Malaysian first Islamic free-to-air television, TV Al Hijrah in 2010, this paper aims to understand the nature of Islamic content available on the station. The preliminary findings of this paper suggest that there are varieties of television programmes created and aired on TV Al Hijrah cutting across different genres meant for disseminating Islam as a way of life. Programmes available are mainly about showcasing the values of Islamic teaching and beliefs with the ultimate goal to highlight Islam as a beautiful and peaceful religion. Keywords: Islamic tv content, TV Al Hijrah, fiqh broadcasting Introduction there are more demands for religion materials on the media in the recent years partly due In contemporary setting, religion and to the changes in the perspectives about the issues concerning religion have become importance of religion-related issues among one of the most important topics that have the masses. resurfaced and gain prominence in the media around the globe. Since the September 11 Islamophobia has been an issue ever tragedy, more coverage about religion were since the September 11, 2001 attacks up until produced and circulated on various media now. It has become increasingly prevalent platforms. Hoover (2008) observes that the in the wake of ISIS attacks all over the interaction between media and religion is world – the ideology and activities of ISIS becoming more apparent as both media and have been equated to Islam, and Muslims in religion have endured significant changes general are being portrayed in a very negative in the recent years. Hoover (2008) further light in the media. In May 2015, Singapore argues, religion and media are converging Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong highlighted and frequently becoming a subject matter that Southeast Asia had emerged as a “key for news content and popular entertainment recruitment center” for ISIS. Prime Minister programmes in television and film, publishing, Lee highlighted that, “The threat is no longer music as well as the new media. Religion has over there; it is over here.” (Samuel, 2016). arguably become part and parcel of the media At the regional level, Malaysia has environment today. taken up steps to participate in the ASEAN In the media industry, there have declarations in combating transnational been many changes in the development crime and terrorism to ensure national and of technology which have resulted in the regional stabilities. The Malaysian government opening of different platforms that are able recognizes media as a powerful tool in to disseminate media content and messages disseminating ideas about religion, thus, in for the masses. The presence and discussion 2010 Malaysia’s first free-to-air Islamic TV about religion on the media have become channel, TV Al Hijrah was established, partly a common practice and are increasingly as a response to the increasingly negative popular. In fact Hoover (2008) points out that remarks about Islam. During the launch of Received: August 10, 2017, Revision: October 04, 2017, Accepted: December 18, 2017 Print ISSN: 0215-8175; Online ISSN: 2303-2499. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313 Accredited B based on the decree No.040/P/2014, valid on February, 18, 2014 until February, 18, 2019. Indexed by DOAJ, Sinta, IPI ‘Terakreditasi’ SK Kemendikbud, No.040/P/2014, berlaku 18-02-2014 s.d 18-02-2019 445 JULIANA ABDUL WAHAB, ZATIL HIDAYAH ABDULLAH. Islamic Content On Malaysian Tv: A Case Study... the channel, the Malaysian Prime Minister was respect, they are free to choose and practice quoted saying “We have to introduce the truth their own faiths (Mazni & Rizalawati, 2011). of Islam to the world, Islam has taken steps Islam gained its importance in the way ahead from anybody else in the effort of country’s agenda when the fourth Prime fighting for world peace and harmony. This Minister, Mahathir Mohamad, introduced is an important effort, as many opposing the Policy of Islamic Values in response groups use our religion as a propaganda to to the Islamic revival movement that had critics Islam, to relate Islam to terrorism until taken Malaysia by storm in the early 1980s. they succeed to influence certain groups and Islamic resurgence movements emerged as creates Islamophobia.” (Rosli, 2015: p.90). a global political wave in the 1970s roused by the Iranian Revolution. The movement in many ways have inspired Muslims around the Methodology world to use radicalism as means of freedom A content analysis was used to study of expression and victory (Liew Chin Tong, a week of television scheduling from 10th- 2015). 16th July 2017. The content analysis was Islamic influence becomes increasingly divided into two parts; the quantitative and popular by the late 1970s and since then, qualitative. The quantitative part deals with there has been a noticeable consciousness analyzing the frequency and percentage of rising among the Malays (Ahmad, 2004). different genres and languages available on There was also growth in dakwah movements TV Al Hijrah in a week of television scheduling. (Islamic Propagation) organizations that Whereas the qualitative part of the analysis emphasize the importance of understanding looked at the nature of content presented Islam and the need to adhere to the true in various television genres. A descriptive teachings of Islam. The Malaysian government qualitative analysis was done to top five perceived the growing popularity of da’wah programmes in different types of genres in movements in the country as a threat to the order to further understand the approach authority (Raymond,1990 cited in Ahmad, of these programmes in their respective 2004 ). This has resulted in the state taking categories. action by sponsoring and regulating religious activities in Malaysia such as requiring permits for gatherings, building places of worships Islam In Malaysian Context and establishing private Islamic schools. In Malaysia is multicultural and multi- 1988, the Ministry of Information announced religious country with Islam being the official that Islam will be given airtime over radio religion. The population in 2017 is estimated and television (Aini Maznina et al.,2013). at 32 million and 60% of the population Other religions however, are free to propagate practices Islam, 20% Buddhism, 9.2% their teachings through the non-mainstream Christianity, 6.3% Hindu, 1.3% Confucianism media. and the remaining is accounted for other types Mahathir government’s foresaw that the of religions (Taufik, 2017). introduction of Policy of Islamic Values would The Malaysian 1957 Constitution of help to curb Islamic radicalism in Malaysia Independence has endorsed Islam as an during the 80s. The emphasize was on the official religion and Sultans are the head of mental and spiritual reform of society, in religion in their respective states. Article particular of the Muslim community in Malaysia 11 (1) of the Malaysian Federal Constitution (Mauzy & Milne,1983; Mohammad Redzuan & grants all citizens the freedom to profess, Amin Fadlillah, 2012). The implementation of practice and propagate their own faiths. the Policy of Islamic Values has fundamentally However, the freedom of religion in this changed the economic, political, education, country is subject to article 11 (4) which “… work culture and Malaysian administrative control [s] and restrict [s] the propagation landscape. of any religious doctrine among persons In the increasingly strong sentiment professing the religion of Islam.” (Sheridan & of the Islamic movements among the Malay Groves,1987). In the Malaysian context it is Muslims in Malaysia and the 9/11 attack, common to accept that all Malays are Muslims, Islam once again underwent yet another but on the other hand it is not necessarily renewal and rebranding by the fifth Prime common to assume that all Chinese or Indians Minister, Abdullah Ahmad Badawi when he are Buddhists, Hindus or Christians. In this introduced Islam Hadari or civilizational 446 ISSN 0215-8175 | EISSN 2303-2499 MIMBAR, Vol. 33, No. 2nd (December, 2017), pp. 445-452 Islam, as a political and ideological campaign fact that more commercial television stations in 2004. The introduction meant to revitalize were established during this period. Prior to the essence of Islam in Malaysia. Islam was 1984, only one government station with two to be the basis for the country’s development free-to-air channels were allowed to operate and aimed to further nurture knowledgeable, in Malaysia. During the commercialization era, more programmes were imported and moral and virtuous society (Johan, 2010). at the same time local productions gradually After the victory of Barisan National (The made appearances in the air time slots. With National Front Party), Abdullah, proceeded the launch of satellite television in 1996, to implement Islam Hadari as a means to the Malaysian television industry became promote the idea of progressive Islam based more intense and more subscription based on the Islam Hadari 10 Principles. In response imported programmes were made available. to the spirit of Islam Hadari, television Meanwhile, local programmes also started stations in Malaysia had also started to adopt to gain popularity in the local scene and more “Islamic content” on Malaysian TV and eventually gave rise to the copycat trend in more programmes were produced and aired Malaysia in the form of licensed or unlicensed during Abdullah’s term as the Prime Minister.