1 James Bond –a Flamboyant Spy B.J. Geetha, Lecturer in English, Periyar University, Salem-11,
[email protected] Spy fiction or Spy story is a genre in literature concerning the forms of espionage, a sub-genre derived from the novel during the nineteenth century, which then evolved into a discrete genre before the First World War (1914–18), when governments established modern intelligence agencies in the early twentieth century. As a genre, spy fiction is thematically related to the novel of adventure ( The Prisoner of Zenda , 1894, The Scarlet Pimpernel , 1905), the thriller (such as the works of Edgar Wallace) and the politico–military thriller ( The Schirmer Inheritance , 1953, The Quiet American , 1955). In an outstanding study of the origins of British spy fiction, David Stafford attributes the rise of these novels to an underlying feeling of national insecurity in the face of changing international relations: ‘The world presented by these novels is a dangerous and treacherous one in which Britain is the target of the envy, hostility, of the other European powers, singly or collectively according to context’. In order to keep the distinction clear between them and us, spying was what other countries did, whereas the unsung national heroes of this new fiction were typically young, male, athletic, and gentlemen, usually only making amateur excursions into the field of espionage. Undoubtedly one of the main appeals of early spy fiction was that it promoted the reader access to processes taking place behind official history, to what Conan Doyle describes in one of his stories as “that secret history of a nation which is so much more intimate and interesting than its public chronicle”.